We construct the minimal and maximal extensions in L p (ℝn ), 1 < p < ∞, for M ‐elliptic pseudo‐differential operators initiated by Garello and Morando. We prove that they are equal and determine the domains of the minimal, and hence maximal, extensions of M ‐elliptic pseudo‐differential operators. For M ‐elliptic pseudodifferential operators with constant coefficients, the spectra and essential spectra are computed. An application to quantization is given. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Total war may be either the negation of constitutionalism or the ultimate test of its vitality. During the third year since Pearl Harbor, the leading constitutional cases decided in state courts have at last begun to show the operation of the principle of limited government in war-emergency conditions. The judicial veto has been vigorously used. Separation of powers in particular and, to some extent, non-delegability of legislative power have revived to new strength after a period of apparent decline. Minority rights, although only slightly curtailed in the readjustment to paramount war-time needs, have suffered more serious modifications in other respects. Otherwise there has been a notable absence of outstanding civil liberties cases. The courts have vied with legislatures in manifesting a growing conservatism toward the constitutional rights of labor. The position of the state, and especially the position of the state courts in the federal system, has been a continuing source of constitutional development. Problems of government and business have more than lost their depression-era dominance. Signs of judicial distaste for popular participation in the legislative process have persisted.


Currently, the theory of reliability is mainly focused on product design, on the other hand, we do not have a good knowledge of reliability assurance in manufacturing process. Meanwhile, lots of engineering cases show that the reliability of products falls rapidly when it comes to the phase of batch production, revealing the weakness of our research of manufacturing reliability. Nowadays, the major problem faced by the industry is that how we can assess the product reliability in the manufacturing process as well as identify the manufacturing bottle neck which should be focused attentively by the reliability engineer in manufacturing process. To resolve the problem, a reliability assessment method of manufacturing process by using the Weibull analysis technology is presented in the paper. In this model, the reliability of manufacturing process is calculated by analyzing the manufacturing system failures firstly, and then the correlation model of reliability of manufacturing process and the qualified rate of produced product is established. According to the correlation model, we propose a reliability estimation method based on Weibull analysis technology. And the map estimation and chi-square goodness of fit tests are performed on simulated data to compare the fit of the model. Lastly, the method is validated by an example of a mechanical product manufacturing process, the result shown that the assessment method can be a useful tool in the assurance of reliability of the manufacturing process.


Turkish domesticity is often associated with lace doilies. While this decoration practice is diminishing, it can still be encountered in a large number of Turkish Dutch houses in the Netherlands. However, Turkish lace appears in a variety of other settings in the Netherlands as well, such as shops and exhibition spaces. In these diverse settings a wide variety of actors give it meaning. While notions of modernity, tradition and authenticity are present in all settings, they are understood in conflicting ways. Non-Turkish actors, handling this lace, co-define it, as well as a broader concept of Turkishness.


In this paper, the stability of PD-type controllers plus gravity compensation for position regulation of input-saturated robot manipulators is discussed, where symmetrical hard saturation functions are employed to model the input constraints. Based on Lyapunov's theory, a change of variable and a proper representation of the control input, it is shown that the closed–loop equilibrium point for the studied class of PD-type controllers plus gravity compensation is asymptotically stable. Furthermore, an estimate of the region of attraction by means of a level set of the Lyapunov function is given, showing that this region can arbitrarily be enlarged by the controller gains, even in the presence of input saturation. Thus, semiglobal asymptotic stability is achieved. A case study using a crank-slider mechanism is included where simulation results illustrate the concepts developed.


Rice blast disease is one of the most devastating diseases of rice production worldwide, which causes by an ascomycete fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The virulence of the rice blast fungus is determined by avirulence genes (Avr genes). Therefore, the identification of Avr genes is important for rice resistance variety improvement. Avr genes are currently identified using the pathogenicity assay with rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) or PCR amplification and gene sequencing, both of which are time-consuming and labor-intensive methods. This study aims to develop a simple method for Avr gene identification using AvrPi9 as a model. A recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique was carried out to amplify AvrPi9 by incubating rice blast fungus genomic DNA with gene-specific primers at 37°C for 20 min. Cas12a-based AvrPi9 detection was performed by incubating at 37°C for 5 min. The fluorescence signal was visualized by the naked eye under an LED transilluminator. The study found that AvrPi9 can be amplified and detected using RPA and a Cas12a-based method. AvrPi9_crRNA2 has a higher efficiency than AvrPi9_crRNA1. The sensitivity of the method was 3.8 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA1 and 1.9 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA2. This RPA and Cas12a combination technique is a newer method for Avr gene detection in plants and has several advantages over traditional methods. It is considered easier to use and more efficient in terms of time and labor, making it a potentially useful tool for plant breeders and pathologists.


Utilizing the data from the 2006 Future of Retirement Survey, this paper attempts to investigate Singapore adult individuals" attitudes towards retirement and re-employment in old age, as well as employers" perceptions and practices towards older workers. The study highlights interesting findings which may be useful for policy-makers, labour market planners and employers, in preparation for the re-employment legislation in 2012 in Singapore.


Alexander Avtonomovich Novikov was born on August 12, 1954 in a family of chemists. His father, Avtonomiy Nikolaevich Novikov, Doctor of Science, headed the Department of Organic Chemistry at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute for twenty years. His mother, Evgenia Sergeevna Novikova, also worked as an assistant professor at the same department.


Cosmogenic environmental radionuclide ~7Be,produced primarily by the bombardment of the earth's atmosphere by cosmic rays within the troposphere and stratosphere,has a similar environmental chemical behavior as ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb.With a half-life of 53.3 days, ~7Be can be used to document short-term rates,patterns and seasonal variations of soil redistribution or sediment deposition representing the influences of a specific landuse or a particular event in a period of precipitation.Potential application of the information on soil erosion and redistribution provided by ~7Be measurements can clearly include the validation and calibration of distributed event-induced soil erosion and sediment delivery models. ~7Be technique,a potential alternative to ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb in situations where information on short-term or event-based soil erosion is required,is considerably promising in soil erosion tracing,such as soil erosion on debris from project construction.


The large-scale space structures may undergo unstable Thermally Induced Vibration (TIV), called thermal-flutter, on orbit due to the special incidence angle of solar heat flux. Compared with TIV, thermal flutter can cause more serious damage to the large-scale space structures. In this paper, the primary objective of the research is to develop a method for obtaining collimating heat flux so that thermal-flutter phenomenon can be observed in the laboratory experiment. Based on the non-imaging optics theory, a parabolic reflector for infrared lamp was designed and machined. The results show that the infrared lamp array with parabolic reflector can provide collimating heat flux and the method is feasible and effective.


This project explores ways in which volume and the surface area of the tumor can be evaluated given theoretical tomographic data. Using both physical and theoretical 3D modeling, this project not only attempts to observe the relationship between the quality of data and the accuracy of the calculated volume and surface area, but also the affect of noise in extracting the area of interest using density to create isosurfaces.


Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is now used as a tool for the purification of antigenic substances or as an immunofluorescent marker, since SpA reacts nonimmunologically with immunoglobulins from various mammalian species. The precise mechanism through which SpA reacts with immunoglobulins, however, has not been fully elucidated (1,4). In most staphylococcal strains SpA is present in the cell-bound form, which might make it difficult to purify SpA on a scale large enough to carry out sizable experiments to investigate the precise mechanism of the reaction between SpA and immunoglobulins. In order to overcome the difficulties in obtaining a sufficient amount of soluble SpA the authors have successfully isolated various mutants which release SpA into the culture medium (3). In the present investigation mutant V-I, which produces an extracellular SpA with a molecular weight of 13,000, and another mutant UV-2, which produces an extracellular SpA with a molecular weight of 41,000, were used as SpA producers (2). The two forms of soluble SpA produced by the mutant strains were purified by applying the culture supernatants of the mutants on human IgG-Sepharose columns as described in a previous paper (3). A precipitation line between UV-2 SpA and normal dog serum formed a spur projecting toward V-I SpA in the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test. According to knowledge of the formation of a precipitation line in a gel due to an antigenantibody reaction, spur formation suggests partial identity in antigenicity between related antigen molecules. As a cross-reactive material for SpA produced by a mutant, however, previously failed to form a precipitation line with normal dog serum in the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test, the spur observed between these forms of SpA and normal dog serum might be due to the actual reaction of SpA with canine immunoglobulins (5). For the isolation from whole canine serum of immunoglobulin components which might participate in the spur formation, a column of Sepharose CL 4B conjugated with V-I SpA was prepared (V-I Sepharose, column: 0.6 X 3 cm). Two ml of normal dog serum was applied on the column and it was extensively washed with Tris HCI/NaCl (0.05 MjO.l M) buffer, pH 8.0, and the absorbed materials were eluted by pH shift (McIlvaine's buffer; pH 5.0,4.5,4.0,3.5, and 3.0).


This article analyzes metaphors, zoomorphic metaphors and how the poet Tora Suleiman skillfully used them in his work, as well as which animal-based zoomorphs are most common in the poet's work.


When Randy Reed was younger, he got caught up in a lifestyle of drug and alcohol abuse. But God got his attention, and now he's a youth leader in Charles Town, W.Va.


In this study, the distribution of the total and humified organic carbon in a peach orchard tilled-irrigated on the row and perennial grassed on the inter-row space after 16 years of cultivation were evaluated. The TOC has shown differences not statistically significant in the 0-20 cm horizon, whereas the difference in the row vs. inter-row 20-40 cm horizon was significant. The highest content of humic substances was found in the 0-20 cm of the inter-row with perennial grass vs. row tilled soil: the absence of tillage increases the accumulation of humified compounds. DRIFT and TG-DTA analysis pointed out only some small structural variation in the humic fraction of the samples taken from the layer at depth 20-40 cm.


In order to enhance the supporting capacity of military logistics distribution system under attack, according to its characteristic multiple covering, a model was designed for allocating limited protection resources to q of p existing facilities. The model was formulated in a bilevel programming, whose upper level maximized the extent of protected facilities covering customers when enemy destroyed r unprotected facilities, which was expressed in lower level programming. Based on the feature in the decision making, implicit enumeration algorithm was adopted to get optimal solution to the model. Numerical example shows that an optimal allocation plan found with the model can maximize the supporting capacity of military logistics distribution system when enemy attack the system.


A collision detection system for a vehicle includes a sensor and a camera. The sensor measures a first data set of an object relative to the vehicle. The camera measures a second data set of the object relative to the vehicle and separately measures an image-based time-to-collision with the object based on scalable differences of captured images. A fusion module matches data from the sensor and the camera and estimates a collision threat based on the matched data. A plausibility module generates a signal if the measured image-based time-to-collision is less than a calculated steering-based time-to-collision and a braking-based time-to-collision with the object. A countermeasure module actuates a countermeasure device, such as an autonomous braking system, if the collision threat exceeds an actuation threshold and the signal from the plausibility module is received, thereby statistically reducing the rate of false actuations of the countermeasure device.


Abstract : The psychological, analytic, and programmatic aspects for an integrated set of computer simulation subroutines are presented. The algorithms and modules were designed to add the realism of a human element to a MAIN network systems simulation model of the AN/UPD-X systems exploitation process. This process involves a multi-operator, multi-stage exploitation of targeting information gathered by an airborne side-looking reconnaissance aircraft. The design of generic modules was a primary goal. The theoretical basis in the behavioral sciences is presented, cast into quantitative terms, and formulation as programming specifications. (Author)


We review the opinion dynamics in the computer models of Deffuant et al. (D), of Krause and Hegselmann (KH), and of Sznajd (S). All these models allow for consensus (one final opinion), polarization (two final opinions), and fragmentation (more than two final opinions), depending on how tolerant people are to different opinions. We then simulate the reactions of people to extreme events, in that we modify the opinion of an individual and investigate how the dynamics of a consensus model diffuses this perturbation among the other members of a community. It often happens that the original shock induced by the extreme event influences the opinion of a big part of the society.


How do we touch the "religious quality of experience?" Siebren Miedema, in his excellent analysis of John Dewey's pragmatic philosophy and his poetry, begins his essay by quoting Dewey on how we discover the religious quality within human experience. Dewey points us in several directions: to a profound cause in which we invest our lives, to poetry that draws the depth of living from our imaginations, or to critical analysis of ideas and observations. Dewey points us to essential ingredients of coming to know and live religious faith. These essential ingredients are explored in the essays in this collection. First, Religious Education draws on the witnesses who have formed the traditions of our faiths. Ron Anderson assists us in exploring how tradition and memory work and what it at the heart of Christian formation. Rito Baring shares the findings of an empirical study of how adherents to both Hindu and Christian traditions draw on their traditions to understand suffering and thereby potentially engage each other. Second, Religious Education assists us in imaginatively interpreting the experiences that ground our lives. Sarah Caffrey Bachand analyzes the findings of the National Survey of Youth and Religion and draws implications for our ministries with youth. Mai-Anh Le Tran, further, analyzes how cultures work together to shape identities and vocations in contemporary Religious Education. Religious Education, thirdly, draws on the resources of empirical analysis, philosophical reflection, and cultural analysis in offering theories and strategies of how religious meanings are passed on, discovered, engaged, and lived by people of faith. Religious Education is an integrative discipline drawing on resources of traditions, of critical theological and philosophical reflection, of cultural analysis, and of qualitative and quantitative investigation. All the essays reflect this integrative dimension. Finally, Religious Education explores the institutions that embody identity and meaning—the institutions that define, shape, teach, and live perspectives of faith. Ruth Webber, Andrew Singleton, Marie Joyce, and Arrigo Dorissa explore, for example, the models of youth ministry that are in action in one community. They show us how


We build theory of market equilibrium by minimizing market's free energy as a function of imbalance. A dark-soliton type of solution is found that describes a gradual transition from positive to negative imbalance as price increases, thus allowing for price uncertainty. Matching the empirical results, sudden security repricing by multiples of bid-ask spread results in a price crash with second-order type phase transition, while small repricing just leads to random walk. Lastly, we show how to use the developed theory to estimate price impact of a submitted order.


We investigate the problem of finding the first basic solution in the simplex algorithm. A modification of two phases simplex method is presented and its implementation in programming language Visual Basic is described. A few Netlib examples are presented.


Obviously, the behavior of thermophysical properties of covalently functionalized CNT-based water and -based ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluids cannot be predicted from the predicted models. We present a study of the specific heat capacity, effective thermal conductivity, density, and viscosity of coolants containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) with carboxylic acid groups at different temperatures. After synthesizing of CNT-COOH-based water and CNT-COOH-based EG nanofluids, measurements on the prepared coolant were made at various concentrations by different experimental methods. While the thermal conductivity of both nanofluids illustrated a significant increase, the specific heat capacity of both samples showed a downward behavior with increasing temperature. Although the thermal conductivity of CNT-COOH-based water nanofluids is bigger than CNT-COOH-based EG nanofluids, CNT-COOH-based water has weaker temperature dependence than that of the CNT-COOH-based EG nanofluids. The viscosity was investigated in different shear rates and temperatures. It is noteworthy that CNT-COOH-based EG nanofluids show relatively a non-Newtonian behavior. Interestingly, specific heat capacities of both prepared nanofluids were decreased with increasing concentration. Also, the density of the CNT-COOH-based water and -based EG nanofluids increased and decreased smoothly with increasing CNT-COOH concentration and temperature, respectively. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Sensorial perception is a key issue for the problem of robot local navigation, that is, the immediate or short-range motion planning, reacting only to the free space around the robot, without requiring a pre-defined trajectory plan. Therefore, local navigation requires no environment model and relies entirely on sensorial data. Commonly used sensors such as ultrasonic ranging devices, are known for their associated problems: specular reflections and crosstalk, essentially. However if sensors are used in an appropriate number and geometric lay-outs, the resulting spatial redundancy offers the possibility of overcoming some of those problems. This paper deals with these problems by means of special perception maps using ultrasound data. A generalised grid serves as the base of maps, and its cells have simply binary values: free or occupied. The relation between the topology of the perception map and the environment is a determinant factor for accurate reasoning. A 3-layer feed-forward neural network is used to perform the mapping between sensorial scans and grid occupancy. It was verified that the neural network handles most of the situations of specular reflections, and gives good perception maps for mid-range distances. Changes in environment, such as obstacles in vehicle's trajectory, have also been detected, which stresses the network's ability to generalise.<<ETX>>


Is it a problem that outdated stereotypes continue to shape public perception of what librarians do? Geraldine thinks it is. In this session she will outline why she thinks this and how we might go about changing the situation.


Background Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare and distinct type of T-cell lymphoma. It is frequently associated with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), whose etiologic factors always involve Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) infection. Although EBV is absent in many cases of sporadic SPTCL, we found a case of SPTCL with full facial edema, HPS and EBV infection as the first symptom. Patient and treatment A 36-year-old female had presented with fever, full facial edema for 20 days before hospitalization. Remarkable abnormalities were found as hypersplenotrophy, pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, high ferritin and soluble interleukin-2-receptor level, hemophagocytosis in bone marrow smear, which indicated HPS. Detection by PCR of EBV-DNA in peripheral blood was 9.73×10 4 copies. On the next day of her hospitalization, HLH-2004 protocol (VP-16+dexamethasone+cyclosporine A) was performed. Her temperature fell to normal on the 4th day. Full facial edema vanished gradually in the following days. After 8 weeks' treatment, all the abnormalities in the laboratory examination returned to normal. Despite of cyclosporine A and prednisone were used as continual treatment, facial edema and fever relapsed accompanied by multiple skin lesions on her back, upper and lower limbs 4 months later. Reexamination of the laboratory index related above were abnormal once again. Copy number of EBV-DNA was 5.52×10 5 . Histologic and immunohistochemical features of tissue biopsy from the skin lesion on her right arm revealed the evidence of SPTCL. Then, she was treated by asparaginase plus DICE regimen. The facial edema and skin lesion vanished gradually during the course of treatment. Now (one month after the first course of chemotherapy), the patient is in her second course of asparaginase plus DICE regimen and SPTCL remains remission. Conclusion This was not a typical case of SPTCL. The patient presented with overt skin lesion 4 months after the first symptom of full facial edema, which suggested SPTCL is a heterogenous disease with variable presentations. Awareness of this rare entity is critical to both ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the pathogenesis of SPTCL remains unclear. Some malignant lymphomas are induced by chronic inflammation due to viral or bacterial infection. It is well known that EBV infection often causes malignant lymphomas of B-cell type, particularly in elderly peoples and immunocompromised individuals. Although EBV is absent in many cases of sporadic SPTCL, the virus appears to be implicated in the etiology of variant SPTCL occurring in the Asian population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The present invention provides a method of simultaneous measurement of cholesterol and the total cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein component of the test serum. In addition, the present invention is a method for measuring cholesterol and total cholesterol in low density lipoproteins of a biological sample for the determination of cholesterol and the total cholesterol in low density lipoprotein in a biological sample by a single measurement at the same time. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Multi-Assay, Absorbance


In an ideal world, a legal knowledge-based system would be evaluated by an evaluator with expertise in both the legal domain and software engineering evaluation processes. However in the real world, this task is typically undertaken by legal professionals, who may lack software engineering expertise. Where software engineers do have this responsibility, they may lack legal domain knowledge. We extend the ISO 14598 evaluation process with a novel evaluation framework which satisfies three important requirements: elements of existing software engineering evaluation methodologies are integrated and subsumed, making them more readily accessible to the evaluator; requirements specific to the legal domain are included; and the intended users do not necessarily require extensive software engineering expertise. The framework emphasises the importance of the evaluation context and goals and integrates these with system properties and contingency-guidelines to suggest appropriate evaluation criteria. The evaluation process supports the selection of criteria by manual, semi-automated or automated methods and a design of an architecture to support this choice of appropriate criteria, is presented. Two evaluations are discussed that were conducted using the process and its associated framework. With ongoing research and development in the field of Artificial intelligence and Law, the need for an easily accessible and specialized evaluation methodology is apparent. Such a method would assist legal professionals frame an evaluation of legal knowledge-based systems and help software engineers understand the evaluation requirements of legal professionals.


In this paper we propose a practical radio location scheme for fixed wireless networks, relying on only one base station. We exploit the already available channel impulse response (CIR) of fixed wireless terminals as a location fingerprint in wireless localisation. We show and interpret why the localisation accuracy achieved by the support vector machine (SVM) has no significant improvement compared to general instance-based learning algorithms.


Few would disagree that the mental health of children should be as important in the minds of parents, teachers, and health professionals as physical health. The Mental Health Foundation's recently published report Bright Futures, promoting children and young peoples' mental health, quotes the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: 'Health is the basis for a good quality of life and mental health is of overriding importance in this.'


9 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 11 Problem Context 11 Study Area 15 Explanation of Dissertation Format 15 CHAPTER 2: PRESENT STUDY 17 Summary 17 Conclusion 25 REFERENCES 27 APPENDIX A : LONG-TERM VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSES TO DROUGHT ON THE LAND OF THE HOPI TRIBE AND NAVAJO NATION 34 Abstract 35 Introduction 37 Data and Method 43 Results 50 Conclusions 59 Acknowledgments 61 Tables 73 Figures 75 APPENDIX B: VEGETATION RESPONSES TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON THE LANDS OF THE HOPI TRIBE AND NAVAJO NATION 85 Abstract 86


Root-cause failure analyses were conducted to determine the reason for high forced-outage rates attributed to boiler-pressure-part failures in four medium-sized fossil-fired electricity generating units. Those analyses were conducted not only to identify the reasons for the high forced-outage rates in the four boilers selected for study, which are discussed in detail in this report, but also to identify areas where research studies directed toward the solution of specific failure problems related to boiler pressure parts could be expected to increase the availability of both existing and future medium-sized fossil-fired units. Twenty-four such areas were identified, six related to analyzing causes of component falures, nine related to improving equipment or operating procedures, and nine related to increasing fundamental knowledge of factors causing boiler tube degradation. The systematic problem-solving approach used in conducting the root-cause analyses is described in sufficient detail to allow utilities to apply similar techniques, if desired, for analyzing failures of other power plant equipment.


Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) by the BodPod device is an increasingly popular instrument for determining body composition for both clinical and research applications. Despite previous studies, the reliability of ADP devices remains controversial and few studies testing inter-laboratory measurements exist. At our institution, we have the unique opportunity to have three BodPod devices located in individual laboratories providing the opportunity to investigate this reliability. The purpose of the study was to test the reliability of inter-device ADP measurements of body composition by the BodPod. The study population consisted of a convenience sample of twenty-one young women ages 18-30 years old. This cross-sectional study examined the inter-laboratory reliability of body fat estimates by performing successive measurements using BodPods in each of three campus laboratories on the same day within a two hour period. A counterbalance design was used to determine the location order of measurements. The inter-laboratory reproducibility of body fat was determined in order to examine whether the results from each of these three devices can be used interchangeably for clinical and research applications. The study also measured relative humidity and room temperature for each session to analyze the possible influence on error between measures. Two of the three BodPods yielded similar results, while the third BodPod was +1.7-1.8% different in body fat. The conclusion of the study was that the BodPod needs to be in a stable environment for reliable measures, and it suggested that clients use a single device for serial measures.


The author discusses problems of legal regulation of relations connected with the use of penalties in ensuring the commitments in the construction. On the basis of materials of court practice and literature review examines the use of legal and contractual penalties, its ability to reduce and shape. Concludes that the rules of the penalty do not take into account the specifics of construction, because it can not guarantee the proper legal regulation of relations in the construction industry.


This paper compares seed and vegetative banks, and the emergent understory in unburned, lightly burned, and intensely burned patches within an aspen-dominated boreal forest in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Propagule banks were measured immediately after the fire, while the understory was surveyed 2 years later. Seedling and shoot emergence techniques were used to assess the abundance and assemblage of species within seed and vegetative banks. Median seed density was ordered unburned > lightly burned = intensely burned patches. A cumulative index of vegetative bank abundance was ordered unburned > lightly burned > intensely burned patches. Species assemblages were significantly different amongst burn intensities for seed banks and emergent understory. Vegetative bank assemblages were significantly different between unburned and burned patches but not between lightly and intensely burned patches. Furthermore, seed and vegetative bank assemblages within each burn intensity were also significantly different. ...


The three current sale patterns were analyzed which were retail,monopolization,and supermarket integrated sale.Some feasible packaging design schemes were put forward to adapt to the current sale patterns,such as multi specifications,easy to reclaim,focus on brand image,and exhibiting the affinity of packaging.


The period of a curve is the smallest positive degree of Galois-invariant divisor classes. The index is the smallest positive degree of rational divisors. We construct examples of genus one curves with prescribed period and index over certain number fields.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 49 hips in 48 patients submitted to revision total hip arthroplasty using Wagner stem. METHODS: From April 1999 to January 2005, 49 hips were treated in patients with femoral loosening (39 hips) or periprosthetic fracture of the femur (10 hips) with revision arthroplasty using the Wagner prosthesis. Mean follow-up lasted 35 months and mean age was 63.4 years. Revisions of the femoral component were performed in 49 hips, with concomitant acetabular component revision in 36 hips. RESULTS: Results evaluation according to the D'Aubigne-Postel-Charnley index presented a statistically significant improvement in the post-operative period in comparison to the pre-operative period (p < 0.001). The most important problems seen were the high rate of dislocations (three hips) and dislocations associated to the deepening of the stem (two hips). The four unsatisfactory results were due to loosening (two hips), infection (one hip), and acetabular loosening (one hip). All of the unsatisfactory results occurred in the group of aseptic loosening, but this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.569). Restoration of bone stock (radiographic evaluation) was seen consistently in most cases, without correlation with patient age (p = 0.852). Likewise, clinical results were not related to patient ages (p = 0.636). CONCLUSION: The procedure of femoral revision with Wagner prosthesis yields clinical and radiographic satisfactory results and consistently restores femoral bone stock.


Thermoelectric (TE) devices can be used reversely as a heat pump for refrigeration (heat management) and mostly oxide materials are used in these devices. Metal oxide-based TE materials possess several advantages compared to metal chalcogenides. These materials can be employed, since they are environment-friendly and cost-effective. TE performance can be easily tuned and this can be achieved through composition and structure. In the present work, Na0.77CoO2/nano Co3O4 composites are chosen. Although Na x CoO2 possesses superior TE performance to other oxide-based materials, its application has been limited due to its instability in air. It decomposes into the insulating Co(OH)2 and/or CoCO3 by absorbing moisture and/or CO2 from the ambient environment. Upon heating, both Co(OH)2 and CoCO3 decompose further into the insulating Co3O4 and CoO. Therefore, it is important to explore the chemical stability of Na x CoO2. This study analyses the reasons for the chemical instability of Na x CoO2 without impairing its TE properties. Na0.77 CoO2 was prepared by the solid-state synthesis method and the single phase was observed in XRD. Again XRD was taken after 15 days, to analyse the stability of the prepared sample. The peaks corresponding to Na0.77CoO2 disappeared. The reasons for this instability were analysed and possible solutions are suggested.


In 1935, the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin commissioned a film. It was to be a portrait of the notorious 16th century Russian Tzar, Ivan the Terrible, whom Stalin greatly admired and who provided historical inspiration for some of Stalin's methods of controlling the state. In fact, Stalin saw many parallels between himself and Ivan the Terrible. Stalin was by no means Lenin's chosen successor and he came to power in 1924 having outmaneuvered his party comrades. Ivan also had to win the power struggle within the top Russian families to proclaim himself Tzar. When in power, both men faced dissent and external enemies. It was Ivan the Terrible who ingeniously turned his enemies into the means of support for his tyranny. Four centuries later, Stalin adopted this idea as the cornerstone of his absolute power. There are several other major aspects of Stalin's control of the USSR in which the Soviet dictator went much further than the Russian Tzar, displaying even some historic originality. Stalin regulated all the economic activities within the state through state ownership of the land and the means of production and also through the 5-year economic planning. Another important string to Stalin's bow was communist ideology which was used to brainwash the general population. The state quickly established the Iron Curtain to enable it to control and manipulate the information that reached the Soviet people. Deception and concealment were widely used to achieve full control. Finally, the cult of Stalin's personality in the USSR served to justify all his actions.


Nowadays,document clustering technology has been extensively used in text mining,information retrieval systems and etc.The conventional document clustering methods rely on the classical vector-space model using the key words as the feature.However,these methods ignore the semantic relations among the keywords,don′t really address the special problems of document clustering:high dimensionality of the data,and high computation complexity.To solve these problems,based on topic concept clustering,this paper proposes a method for Chinese document clustering.The topic concepts from a document are extracted by using HowNet and are clustered by Chameleon algorithm.The document classification has been performed in terms of the results of topic concept clustering.The document is presented by the concept vector to decrease the dependence relations among of documents.The computation complexity of the document clustering is reduced efficiently and effectively via this method.


Recommended Citation Moore, K., Anderson, B., & Wilcox, D. J. (2003) Intensive Water Quality Mapping of Nearshore and MidChannel Regions of the James River Relative to SAV Growth and Survival Using the DATAFLOW Surface Water Quality Mapping System. Special Reports in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering (SRAMSOE) No. 385. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. https://doi.org/10.21220/ V5JX79


Videogames are becoming increasingly popular in today's world. 77% of men and 57% of women between 18 29 have played videogames. Historical videogames dominate the market. Battlefield 1 contributed to EA's 7.4% increase in revenues for the third quarter of 2016 and Call of Duty had its beginnings in the historical videogame market, depicting WWII. YouTube boasts over a billion users and reaches more 18 34 and 18 49 year old audiences than any cable network in the United States. 2. Videogames


Negotiations will soon start for a new Goodstart agreement. The Goodstart agreement is a national agreement covering all 600 plus services across Australia and is negotiated with three unions: the Australian Education Union, United Voice and the IEU.


A statistical analysis of two decisive, directing political bodies ‐ the Politburo and the Secretariat ‐ of Communist Party of Hungary between 1945 and 1990 is presented for the first time. The available data reveal significant distinctions over time in the way different leaders made use of membership of these two bodies. Such an analysis helps to identify some characteristics of the successive political eras.


Introduction: Gastric volvulus is a surgical emergency and a recognized complication of hiatal hernia. Type III gastric volvulus is the rarest variant and is characterized by gastric rotation about both the organoaxial and mesenterioaxial axes. Presentation and management of Type III gastric volvulus is not well described in literature. Case Report: An 89-year-old male presented with eight hours of coffee-ground vomiting. The patient was hemodynamically stable and examination was unremarkable. Imaging confirmed a large gastric volvulus. Gastric decompression was performed endoscopically and laparoscopy confirmed a huge Type III gastric volvulus with complex rotation of the stomach about both the organoaxial and mesenterioaxial axes. The stomach and distal esophagus were laparoscopically mobilized to ensure adequate intra-abdominal esophageal length. Due to the very large diaphragmatic defect, crural opposition was not possible so the stomach Simeon Ngweso1, Anand Trivedi2, Senarath Werapitiya3 Affiliations: 1B.Pharm, MBBS, Resident Medical Officer, Surgical Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; 2MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Advanced General Surgical Registrar, General Surgery Department, Bunbury Regional Hospital, Bunbury, Western Australia, Australia; 3MBBS, MS, FRCS, FRACS, General Surgery Consultant/Upper GI Consultant, General Surgery Department, Bunbury Regional Hospital, Bunbury, Western Australia, Australia. Corresponding Author: E-mail: simeon.ngweso@health. wa.gov.au Received: 14 August 2016 Accepted: 03 November 2016 Published: 02 December 2016 was fixed laparoscopically via gastropexy from the anterior abdominal wall to the diaphragm. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery. Three months follow-up confirmed no recurrent symptoms. Conclusion: Gastric volvulus is rare but life-threatening. Type III gastric volvulus is the rarest variant with limited description in literature. In this particular case, endoscopic decompression and laparoscopic reduction and fixation without fundoplication was a successful treatment modality.


The existing weighting methods mainly comprise subjective and objective weighting and have a certain degree of subjectivity, with certain requirements for the professional ability of the users and unstable results. Therefore, an improved weighting method based on the entropy weight, over-standard multiple, and single-factor evaluation methods, referred to as the ESO method, is proposed. The advantages and advancements of the ESO method are demonstrated in this study by combining it with the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to evaluate the water quality of Chagan Lake wetland from 2007 to 2016. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The ESO method has more comprehensive consideration factors, lower requirements for the professional ability of users, and more stable weighting results than the traditional weighting method. Therefore, it is highly suitable for beginners and frontline staff who are not professionally qualified and cannot accurately conduct subjective weighting. Meanwhile, owing to the amendment rule and emphasis on the local weight of the sample in the ESO method, it is applicable to time-series samples. 2. The ESO method better allocates the amendment weights to indicators with a higher degree of pollution; thus, the final comprehensive evaluation results are relatively conservative. However, in contrast to the single-factor evaluation, the conservatism of ESO method is the result of the comprehensive effect of all samples; thus, the conservative result of the ESO method is more reasonable. 3. The water quality of Chagan Lake in 2009 and 2015 was class IV, which did not meet the standard, while that in remaining the eight years was class III, which met the requirements of the national 13th Five-Year Plan. The results of this study can provide a new approach to weighting calculation methods and a basis for the protection and treatment of the ecological environment of the Chagan Lake wetland.


Introduction: Mean right atrial pressure (mRAP) is a strong haemodynamic prognostic marker in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Non-invasive alternatives are desirable. The aim of this study was to evaluate trans-tricuspid flow indices as candidate cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging predictors of mRAP.

Methods: 19 patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension underwent MRI and right heart catheterisation (RHC) within 24 hours. Trans-tricuspid phase contrast was performed with flow quantification. Early diastolic (E) and atrial (A) filling velocities and E wave deceleration time (DT) were measured.

Results: The strongest association was between DT and mRAP (r=0.729, p=0.001), this association was independent of covariates at multivariate analysis (standardized coefficient=0.494, p=0.028). DT correlated with right ventricle (RV) volume measurements, RV end diastolic volume (r=0.603, p=0.013) and end systolic volume (r=0.513, p=0.042). E/A ratio was not significantly associated with mRAP (r=0.156, p=0.579). DT had excellent diagnostic accuracy for detection of elevated mRAP greater than or equal to 12mmHg, area under the receiver operating curve 0.98 (0.913 to 1.000). Good interobserver reproducibility was demonstrated for MR derived DT and E/A, intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.946 (0.869 to0.977) and 0.939 (0.856 to 0.976), respectively.

Discussion This preliminary experience suggests that deceleration time of the E wave using trans-tricuspid phase contrast is a promising, reproducible tool in the non-invasive haemodynamic evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension.


Upon analyzing a typical building model with locally staggered floors,the use of global stiffness model results in the adequacy of effective mass participation factor.The causes are elaborated,and the measurements are proposed for reference to engineers.


The presence of carbene in oxidative coupling of methane over Li–Mg oxide is revealed by introducing ethylene, which is transformed into cyclopropane.


Measurements by the magnetometer on the Pioneer Venus orbiter have established that during conditions of low solar wind dynamic pressure, large-scale magnetic fields are not present in the ionosphere of Venus but that during conditions of high solar wind dynamic pressure the ionosphere of Venus is magnetized. The source of the magnetic field is thought to be currents induced in the ionosphere by the solar wind. We will show that the ionospheric polarization electric field can act as a source, or "battery," producing a small magnetic field, even without any initial magnetic field. We have calculated this polarization source as a function of altitude and solar zenith angle. The magnetic field was then determined using a two-dimensional kinematic dynamo model of the ionosphere of Venus. The magnetic field attains a maximum strength of about 5 nT at a solar zenith angle of about 120°. This magnetic field might act as a "seed" field for magnetic flux ropes and terminator waves.


Opinions on professors at the University of Bologna in the early 16th century

Lecture lists known as rotules constitute an important source of information on the past history of the University of Bologna. The Bolognese archives (Archivio di stato) also contain preserved minutes, a kind of a rough draft, of rotules. In the minutes, the university scribe took the liberty of making notes on the margins, providing us with very interesting source material concerning the professors teaching at the Bolognese Alma Mater Studiorum, especially at the beginning of the 16th century. Many such notes can be found in the rotule draft from the academic year of 1506/1507, and these are the subject of the analysis presented in this paper. The notes contain interesting remarks, sometimes quite biting, on the university lecturers. An important measure of the popularity of their courses was the number of students attending them. The vast majority of the lecturers had no difficulties attracting a dozen or so students to their classes, but there also were some who failed to encourage even a few to listen to their lectures. The analysed draft of a university rotule is an important source, offering insights into the life of the University of Bologna in the early 16th century.


Abstract Enteric redmouth disease, caused by the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri, can be a severe problem in the culture of salmonid fishes, and can persist as a chronic infection within hatchery facilities for an indefinite amount of time ranging from months to years. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay and a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, the prevalence of Y. ruckeri deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was documented across a single production cycle of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared at a hatchery. Ovarian fluid from spawning female adults, unfertilized eggs, eyed eggs, sac fry, and juvenile fish all tested positive for Y. ruckeri DNA using both nPCR and qPCR assays. Presence of Y. ruckeri DNA in ovarian fluids and unfertilized eggs indicates that vertical transmission of the pathogen from females to their progeny is possible. Juvenile fish had the highest level of Y. ruckeri DNA at a log10-transformed level of 4.3 DNA copies per gram of kidney tissue. The limited mort...


The concept of urban sustainability is growing in urgency and salience for local urban governance, and indicator-based assessments represent a popular means for its operationalization. While much effort has been spent developing the technical aspects of these assessments, less attention has been given to research concerning their potential for influencing real-world urban governance processes. To address this issue, we put forward an assessment approach that systematically embeds the assessed indicators within their social and institutional contexts, thereby aiming to enhance the relevance of the assessment for local governance. Specifically, the contextual embedding is achieved through the analysis of ongoing controversies related to the assessed problem. We apply the approach to an assessment of the City of Geneva's (Switzerland) housing system. As the case study demonstrates, the proposed assessment approach can elucidate a richer picture of the challenges identified in the assessment than a typical quantitative-only analysis of indicators. Therefore, it offers more complete support to local governance stakeholders for learning about and acting upon the problem under assessment. Overall, the work reported in this article aims to contribute to a productive alliance between sustainability assessment methodologies and urban governance stakeholders, thereby leading to more informed steering of cities towards sustainability.


This paper explains at least some of the major problems related to the subject indexing process and proposes a new approach to understanding the process, which is ordinarily described as a process that takes a number of steps. The subject is first determined, then it is described in a few sentences and, lastly, the description of the subject is converted into the indexing language. It is argued that this typical approach characteristically lacks an understanding of what the central nature of the process is. Indexing is not a neutral and objective representation of a document's subject matter but the representation of an interpretation of a document for future use. Semiotics is offered here as a framework for understanding the "interpretative" nature of the subject indexing process. By placing this process within Peirce's semiotic framework of ideas and terminology, a more detailed description of the process is offered which shows that the uncertainty generally associated with this process is created by the fact that the indexer goes through a number of steps and creates the subject matter of the document during this process. The creation of the subject matter is based on the indexer's social and cultural context. The paper offers an explanation of what occurs in the indexing process and suggests that there is only little certainty to its result.


For the death penalty in the penal system,especially economic crime for the death penalty,has been the hotspot of the society and theorists dispute,many scholars have asked to follow the world trend to abolish the death penalty system,in particular the abolition of the death penalty system of economic crime.From the perspective of law and economics,respectively combined with the theoretical point of Becker,Posner and other scholars,the use of rational man assumption,penalty marginal deterrence and cost-benefit analysis give us the conclusion that the death penalty for economic crimes lacks efficiency,and the fine punishment for economic crimes is more reasonable.


We successfully demonstrate a new InP-based double phased-array waveguide (PHASAR) exhibiting a flattened spectral response in use as a WDM wavelength demultiplexer. Bandwidth is 0.94nm at -1dB and 1.8nm at -20 dB. Loss penalty due to channel flattening is only 2.2dB.


Severe thrombocytopenia in association with G‐CSF therapy is extremely rare. Here we report a case of profound thrombocytopenia in a 57‐year‐old male with refractory cardiac ischemia, who received G‐CSF during an angiogenesis trial. After 5 days of G‐CSF therapy (10 μg/kg/day) the platelet count fell progressively to a nadir of 5 × 109/L. The patient received steroid, immunoglobulin and platelet support and recovered without sequelae. Subsequent investigations suggested an underlying immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, which we hypothesize was exacerbated by G‐CSF therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Ordinary differential equations can describe many dynamic systems. When physics is well understood, the time-dependent responses are easily obtained numerically. The particular numerical method used for integration depends on the application. Unfortunately, when physics is not fully understood, the discrepancies between predictions and observed responses can be large and unacceptable. In this thesis, we show how to directly implement integration of ordinary differential equations through recurrent neural networks using Python. We leveraged modern machine learning frameworks, such as TensorFlow and Keras. Besides offering basic models capabilities (such as multilayer perceptrons and recurrent neural networks) and optimization methods, these frameworks offer powerful automatic differentiation. With that, our approach's main advantage is that one can implement hybrid models combining physics-informed and data-driven kernels, where data-driven kernels are used to reduce the gap between predictions and observations. In order to illustrate our approach, we used two case studies. The first one consisted of performing fatigue crack growth integration through Euler's forward method using a hybrid model combining a data-driven stress intensity range model with a physics-based crack length increment model. The second case study consisted of performing model parameter identification of a dynamic two-degree-of-freedom system through Runge-Kutta integration. Additionally, we performed a numerical experiment for fleet prognosis with hybrid models. The problem consists of predicting fatigue crack length for a fleet of aircraft. The hybrid models are trained using full input observations (far-field loads) and very limited output observations (crack length data for only a portion of the fleet). The results demonstrate that our proposed physics-informed recurrent neural network can model fatigue crack growth even when the observed distribution of crack length does not match the fleet distribution.


The study examined the patterns and determinants of agricultural credit use among farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. The primary data used for the study were obtained from a cross sectional survey of 114 farm households drawn by multi-stage random sampling technique. Both descriptive statistics and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data obtained. The study revealed that 47.4% of farm households in the State were in the age bracket of 51-60 years with mean age of 58 years while majority (86.8%) were farmers. Also, 48.2% had no formal education and 22.8% had between 7-12 years of formal education. Over half of the farm households (58%) maintained a household size of 5 ? 8 with mean size of five while 27.2% and 26.3% had between 11-20 years and 21-30 years of farming experience. In addition, 52% of the respondents in the State patronized the cooperative societies with mean loan requested as ₦108,157.89, mean loan released as ₦97,763.15 and mean loan repaid being ₦70,898.24. The major constraints faced by the rural farm households in accessing loans include high interest rate (21.9%) and lack of collateral (14.9%). Farm size (p


Exoplanets are as diverse as they are fascinating. They vary from ultrahot Jupiter-like low-density planets to presumed gas-ice-rock mixture worlds such as GJ 1214b or worlds as LHS 1140b, which features twice the Earth's bulk density. Regarding the great diversity of exoplanetary atmospheres, much remains to be explored. For a few selected objects such as GJ1214b, Proxima Centauri b, and the TRAPPIST-1 planets, the first observations of their atmospheres have already been achieved or are expected in the near future with the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope envisaged in October 2021. However, in order to interpret these observations, model studies of planetary atmospheres that account for various processes—such as atmospheric escape, outgassing, climate, photochemistry, as well as the physics of air showers and the transport of stellar energetic particles and galactic cosmic rays through the stellar astrospheres and planetary magnetic fields—are necessary. Here, we present our model suite INCREASE, a planned extension of the model suite discussed in Herbst, Grenfell,


Respiratory conditions are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people worldwide. Most important are Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis which are correlated with Tamaka Shwasa and kaphaja kasa respectively according to Ayurveda.Ayurvedic concept is of the opinion that Tamaka shwasa is a yapya vyadhi.Bharangi is one of the drugs of Ayurvedic meteria medica which is mainly indicated in respiratory disorders. It is botanically identified as Clerodendrum serratum Linn which belongs to family Verbenaceae. It has reported that root possess significant anti-inflammatory as well as anti-allergic activity, and can be useful in Asthma.Some of the chief constituents found in the plant are D-mannitol, hispidulin, cleroflavone, apigenin, scutellarein, serratagenic acid, actseoside, verbascoside, oleanolic acid, clerodermic acid, γ-sitosterol, β-sitosterol, cholestanol, clerosterol, campesterol and 24-ethyl cholesterol.


The invention discloses a material circulating device of a circulating fluid bed flue gas desulphurization system. The device comprises a cylindrical material conveying chute obliquely arranged between a flue gas desulphurization tower and a flue gas dust-removing device from the low part to high part, the bottom of an inner cavity of the cylindrical material conveying chute is paved with a fluidization cloth layer parallel to the cylindrical material conveying chute, the chute wall at the bottom of the cylindrical material conveying chute is provided with a plurality of air inlet ports, and input ends of the air inlet ports are connected with a fluidization blower through fluidization air pipes. The device is characterized in that a section of fluidization cloth layer at the lower end part of the cylindrical material conveying chute is provided with a grating structure. An airflow baffle plate is arranged between an output end of the air inlet port and the fluidization cloth layer andfixed on the chute wall of the cylindrical material conveying chute. The device can effectively fluidize a circulating material after entering the flue gas desulphurization tower, and can prolong theservice life of easily-damaged components such as the fluidization cloth layer and the like, improve the running reliability and stability of a system, and lower the running cost of the system.


According to the land consolidation of the independent coordinate system in to the national 80 coordinate system transformation problem, it put forward the small area of coordinate transformation method in this paper. The results show that the method is feasible and the software used in good effect.


Determining the time dependent concentration of isotopes in a nuclear reactor core is of fundamental importance to analysis of nuclear fuel cycles and the impact of spent fuels on long term storage facilities. We present a fast, conceptually simple tool for performing burnup calculations applicable to obtaining isotopic balances as a function of fuel burnup. The code (VBUDS: visualization, burnup, depletion and spectra) uses a two region, multigroup collision probability model to determine the energy dependent neutron flux and tracks the buildup and burnout of 24 actinides, as well as fission products. The model has been tested against benchmarked results for LWRs burning UOX and MOX, as well as MONTEBURNS simulations of zirconium oxide based IMF, all with strong fidelity. As an illustrative example, VBUDS burnup calculation results for an IMF fuel are presented in this paper. (authors)


In this paper, a receive signal enhancement scheme based on signal sparse approximation is proposed to improve the system performance by removing the noise from the receive signal in MIMO Eigenmode Transmission system. We can obtain several independent substreams by multiplying the transmit vector by the matrix V before transmission occurs, and multiplying the receive vector by matrix U* at the receiver. The matrix V and U can be obtained by the singular value decomposition (SVD) of channel matrixH. The proposed approach enhance the signal which is loaded on each substream in parallel and gain the output SNR improvement for improving the performance of MIMO system. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed scheme is verified through computer simulations.


A tele-surgery system with force feedback is completely modeled in the MATLAB-Simulink software. The virtual rapid robot prototyping is used to import the SolidWorks models of the master and slave robots to MATLAB-SimMechanics. This method provides us with the 3D vision of the robot performance in the virtual reality environment. Each robot has 4- DOF in motion and is equipped with a 6-DOF force/torque sensor. A proper damping controller is designed in order to provide the sense of real surgery. This method uses the differences between the measured forces in master and slave sensors in order to generate the velocity command for the master actuators. To model the behavior of the surgeon hand in the real operation, a variable force/torque is applied to the tool handle and the reaction of the system is studied in the virtual reality environment. It can be claimed from the results that this method acceptably provides the situation of a real surgery for a multi-DOF robotic surgery system.


We prove that the set of leaves of a holomorphic lamination of codimension one that are tangent to a germ of a holomorphic map is discrete. Let F be a holomorphic lamination of codimension one in an open set V in a complex Banach space B. In this paper, this means that V = W × C, where W is a neighborhood of the origin in some Banach space, and the leaves Lλ of the lamination are disjoint graphs of holomorphic functions w 7→ f(λ,w), W → C. For holomorphic functions in a Banach space we refer to [5]. Here λ is a parameter and we assume that the dependence of f on λ is continuous. A natural choice of this parameter is such that λ = f(λ, 0), in which case the continuity with respect to λ follows from the so-called λlemma of Mane-Sullivan-Sad and Lyubich, see, for example [5]. With this choice of the parameter, our definition of a lamination coincides with that of a holomorphic motion of C parametrized by W . Let γ : U → V be a holomorphic map, U ⊂ C. We say that γ is tangent to the lamination at a point z0 ∈ U if the image of the derivative γ ′(z0) is contained in the tangent space TL(γ(z0)), where L is the leaf passing through γ(z0). A leaf for which this holds is called a tangent leaf to γ. Theorem. Let K be a compact subset of U . Then the set of leaves tangent to γ at the points of K is finite. Supported by NSF grant DMS-0555279. Supported by the NSF grant DMS-0801050. 1 For the case of holomorphic curves (n = 1) this result is contained in [1, Lemma 9.1] where it is credited to Douady. Artur Avila, in a conversation with the authors, proposed to extend this result to arbitrary holomorphic maps. According to Avila, this generalization has several applications to holomorphic dynamics [1]. Proof. We assume without loss of generality that f(0,w) ≡ 0, and that L0 is tangent to γ at z0 = 0. We have to show that other tangent leaves cannot accumulate to L0. Suppose the contrary, that is suppose that there is a sequence λk → 0 such that Lλk are tangent to γ, and let Lλk be the graphs of the functions fk(w) = f(λk,w). We may assume that tangency points zk → 0. We make several preliminary reductions. 1. Let γ(z) = (φ(z), ψ(z)) ∈W × C. Consider the new lamination in U×C whose leaves are the graphs of f(λ, z) = f(λ, φ(z)) and the new map γ(z) = (z, ψ(z)). Then γ is tangent to a leaf L if and only if γ is tangent to L. This reduces our problem to the case that W is an open set in C and the map γ is a graph of a function ψ of the same variable as the functions fk. From now on we assume that U =W and γ(w) = (w, ψ(w)). 2. Now we reduce the problem to the case that ψ is a monomial. For this we use the desingularization theorem of Hironaka [4, 2, 3, 6]. Let X be a complex analytic manifold, and ψ an analytic function on X. Then there exists a complex analytic manifold M and a proper surjective map π : M → X such that the restriction of π onto the complement of the π-preimage of the set {ψ = 0, ψ = 0} is injective and for each point z0 ∈ π ({ψ = 0}) there is a local coordinate system with the origin at z0 such that ψ ◦ π is a monomial z1 1 . . . z mn n . We choose such M corresponding to X =W . Let Y = W × C, and let S ⊂ Y be the set of points (w, t) with t 6= 0 such that the graph of t = ψ(w) is tangent to the lamination. In our proof by contradiction, we assume that the origin belongs to the closure of S. Let N = M × C, and let ρ : N → Y be the map defined by ρ(z, t) = (π(z), t).


We have investigated the evolution of the low temperature specific heat anomaly (TN=5.4K in zero field) in polycrystalline SmFeAsO samples with magnetic fields up to 35T. The anomaly remains very sharp up to 16T and becomes rounded with little shift in temperature at higher fields. Doped (superconducting) SmFeAsO0.85F0.15 sample shows a similar behavior up to 16T. The initial slope of the critical field dBc/dT is 160T/K for undoped SmFeAsO and 70T/K for doped SmFeAsO0.85F0.15, with Bc(T) defined at the peak of the specific heat anomaly. The insensitivity to the application of an external magnetic field is unique to Sm and is not observed in CeFeAsO whose anomaly shifts with initial slope dBc/dT=5.7T/K. We argue that SmFeAsO(F) presents an unprecedented case of spin reorientation at the antiferromagnetic transition.


The increasing use of natural medicine has been driven, in part, by the growing prevalence of chronic disease that is associated with our ageing population: managing the pain and disability of chronic disease is one of the main reasons that Australians turn to natural medicine. This in turn has led to an increase in participation by private health insurers, as many offer rebates for natural medicine. This acceptance has stimulated growth in the natural medicine industry, which now generates a total revenue of $4 billion and an annual growth of 3.1%, employing 35,230 people in 29,359 small businesses.


In this paper, fresh shrimp meat is considered as raw material in order to study the main technical parameters in the processing of making shrimp meat pancake. Through the analysis of charts, we can see the impact on product quality according to different freezing temperature, baking temperature and time, thus the optimum conditions for the shrimp meat pancake can be determined. Plenty of experiments have proved that there are four different formulations of raw materials including A, B ,C and D. And B has the best sensory and taste. Relevant data show that this product can be used as protein nutritional food, and the products have many advantages such as having a shelf life of six months and so on.


Objective Hardware and software systems are growing rapidly in scale and functionality. From smartcards to air-traffic controllers, computers are being deployed everywhere. As the complexity of a design grows, so does the likelihood of subtle errors it contains. While the complexity of designs has been growing rapidly, the underlying design methodology has evolved only marginally. Consequently, assuring reliability has become one of the key engineering challenges to sustain the ongoing computer revolution. While reliability has always been a concern in system design, some current trends are worth noting: • Computers are used increasingly in safety-critical applications such as medical treatment and mission control. Presence of bugs in such applications has unacceptable consequences. • Bugs found at later stages of design can be very expensive, an extreme case of which is illustrated by the notorious floating-point division error in Intel's Pentium processor. • There is an ever-increasing pressure to reduce time-to-market. This calls for maximum automation of all stages of the design process, including debugging. • The current trend in design of embedded systems is towards greater use of programmable components. This shifts the focus from low-level optimizations to high-level designs. Motivated by these concerns, computer-aided verification aims to provide tools that help in detecting logical errors in early stages of design.


Named entity disambiguation (NED) is an important stage in Natural Language Processing (NLP) which automatically resolves mentions to entities in a given knowledge base (KB) like Wikipedia. NED is a complex and challenging problem due to the inherent ambiguity between real world mentions and the entities they refer to. Most existing studies use hand-crafted features to represent mentions, context and entities, which is labor intensive. In this paper, we address this problem by presenting a new NED model which combining local, context and global evidence. By leveraging the learned mixed dense word-level and topic-level representations and the graph-based disambiguation approach, context and global features are well captured. Experiments for NED are conducted on AIDA dataset, which show that the proposed model can obtain state-of-the-art results.


The main disadvantage of the commonly used power supply circuit for gas-pumping units with auxiliary generators is the necessary to stabilize the rotational speed of the turbine shaft that shortens the control range of technological conditions for gas transportation. Additionaly, the reduction gear is a compulsory element in the setting connected with frictional losses and requires regular maintenance. The paper presents a power supply circuit where the described faults are remediated. The proposed circuit allows for transferring the excessive power from the auxiliary generator to the supply mains.


Many parameters influence the interaction between the generic mesh of a framed structure and its infilling walls. One of these is the level of the vertical loads on the mesh. The approximated procedures known in the literature for the evaluation of the influences of the infills on the behaviour of the frames under lateral excitations, based on the equivalent strut approach, neglect the effect of vertical loads, probably because the mechanism that governs the phenomenon is not clear, making it difficult to take it into account. Nevertheless, in some cases, a non-negligible variation in the behaviour of infilled meshes can be produced because of vertical loads, leading to a substantial inaccuracy in the evaluation of the response of the system. In this paper how and how much the vertical loads influence the behaviour of infilled frames is investigated by a numerical and an experimental approach and once again the non-negligible effect of vertical loads is proved and the need to consider it is stressed. The frame-infill interface behaviour, recognised as basic in this interaction, is observed when lateral loads are applied. Then the effect of the variation in the extension of the frame-infill contact region on the lateral stiffness and the lateral strength of infilled frames is discussed. After having recognized the key role of the interface frame-infill some remarks are made on the most proper approach to be used for the interface mentioned when "exact" FEM models or FEM-BEM models for the infill are used.


Rational strain development requires a priori knowledge of the genetic determinants involved. However, due to the complexity of biological systems, the genetic determinants for most complex phenotypes are not known, posing a challenge for the rational engineering of biocatalysts. Evolutionary engineering, on the other hand, does not require a prior genetic or mechanistic knowledge of the desired phenotype, and is thus a power tool for strain development. However, traditional evolutionary engineering methods suffer from limitations such as lack of real-time indications of adaptive events, loss of beneficial mutations due to clonal interference as a result of asexual propagation, and the requirement of the desired phenotype to be growth-coupled. Motivated by these limitations, my lab is focused on the development of more effective and efficient evolutionary engineering strategies for both strain development and for the fundamental understandings of evolutionary processes in microbial systems. In this talk, I will present some of our efforts in this area.


Objective To study the relationship between circumferential resection margin(CRM) status and prognosis of patients with lower and middle rectal cancer.Methods Specimens from 386 patients with lower and middle rectal cancer undergoing total mesorectal excision were analyzed by large slice technique.The respective relationship between local recurrence rate,distant metastasis rate,five year survival rate and CRM were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.The related clinicopathologic features were also analyzed.Results The CRM positive rate for lower and middle rectal cancer was 21.5%.The local recurrence rate was 9%.The distant metastatic rate was 19.9%.The local recurrence rate for CRM-positive patients was 16.8%,which was significantly higher than that for CRM-negative patients(6.9%)(P = 0.01).The local recurrence rate of patients was 16.2% when margins≤2 cm,while that was 6.2% when margins2 cm(P 0.001).The distant recurrence rate for CRM-positive patients was 37.6%,which was significantly higher than that for CRM-negative patients(12.7%)(P = 0.031).The five year survival rate for CRM-positive patients was 33%,which was significantly lower than that for CRM-negative patients(78%).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patient's survival time was statistically correlated with the CRM status(P = 0.012).The CRM status was statistically correlated with tumor diameter(P = 0.035),TNM staging(P = 0.018),distance of tumour from dentate line(P = 0.04) and surgical approach(P = 0.016).Conclusion CRM is an independent factor to affect prognostic.CRM of rectal cancer is an important factor of local recurrence.The recurrence rate increases when margins≤ 2 mm.


Abstract Objective: Fibrinogen has been implicated to play a role in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Many studies have evaluated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on plasma fibrinogen levels in OSA patients. However, results from different reports were not consistent. To assess the effect of CPAP treatment on plasma fibrinogen levels of patients with OSA, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Wanfang Database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed. Data were extracted, and then weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Twenty-two studies involving 859 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Combined data showed that plasma fibrinogen concentrations decreased after CPAP therapy (WMD = −0.38 g/l, 95% CI [−0.54 to −0.22 g/l], P<0.001). In the subgroup analyses by therapy duration, plasma fibrinogen concentrations declined significantly in the long-term (≥1 month) CPAP therapy subgroup (WMD = −0.33 g/l, 95% CI [−0.49 to −0.16 g/l], P<0.001) but not in the short-term (<1 month) CPAP therapy subgroup (WMD = −0.84 g/l, 95% CI [−1.70 to 0.03 g/l], P=0.058). Moreover, in patients with long-term CPAP therapy duration, plasma fibrinogen levels decreased with good CPAP compliance (≥4 h/night) (WMD = −0.37 g/l, 95% CI [−0.55 to −0.19 g/l], P<0.001) but not with poor CPAP compliance (<4 h/night) (WMD = 0.12 g/l, 95% CI [−0.09 to 0.33 g/l], P=0.247). Conclusion: Long-term CPAP treatment with good compliance can reduce the plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with OSA.


The combined information from cosmic ray air showers that trigger both the surface and underground parts of the IceCube Neutrino Observa- tory allows the reconstruction of both the energy and mass of the primary particle through the knee region of the energy spectrum and above. The properties of high-energy muon bundles, created early in the formation of extensive air showers and capable of penetrating deep into the ice, are related to the primary energy and composition. New methods for reconstructing the direction and composition-sensitive properties of muon bundles are shown. Based on a likelihood minimization pro- cedure using IceCube signals, and accounting for photon propagation, ice properties, and the energy loss processes of muons in ice, the muon bundle energy loss is reconstructed. The results of the high- energy muon bundle reconstruction in the deep ice and the reconstruction of the lateral distribution of low energy particles in the surface detector can be combined to study primary composition and energy. The performance and composition sensitivity for both simulated and experimental data are discussed. Keywords: Cosmic ray composition, IceTop/IceCube, high-energy muon bundles


The effect of the Al-based oxide layer which segregates on the surface of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (GI) with aging on the frictional properties of the GI was investigated. Conventional GI with the Zn coating weight of 67 g/m including 0.36 mass% Al were used as test specimens. It was found that an Al-based oxide layer grew on the GI surface with aging after production, and the friction coefficient tended to decrease due to the existence of these Al-based oxides. However, this tendency was clearer under the sliding conditions of shorter tool length and higher contact pressure than of longer tool length and lower contact pressure. In order to understand this behavior, surface observation and analysis of both the test specimens and the tools after sliding were carried out by SEM, EDX and EPMA. Both Al-based oxides and metallic Zn were detected as adhered materials on the tool surface after sliding, and the surfaces of adhered materials were covered with Al-based oxides. This suggests that the adhered materials on the tool have the effects of reducing the adhesion force between the metallic Zn of the GI and the tool and reducing the tool roughness. These effects led to a lower friction coefficient because both shearing and plowing resistance were decreased. In addition, the area on the tool which were covered by the adhered materials depended on the tool length. This is thought to be the reason why the effect of the Al-based oxide layer depended on the sliding conditions.


Nanotechnology is a fast growing field with great promises for providing us many breakthrough that will change the direction of technological advances in a wide range of application. There are two general approaches for the synthesis of different nanoparticles and development of nanostructures. These approaches are: top-down or bottomup strategies which open up novel avenues for myriads of applications. Bottom-up fabrication methods include the miniaturization of material components to the atomic scale with further self-assembly process leading to the construction of nanostructure. In the present work, the urea sensing film formed by encapsulated enzymes show potentiometric response of the modified gold electrode (Urs/Alginate/Nano-Au) that depends on the mass transportation of the substrate (urea) to the mod+ified workin−g electrode containing encapsulated urease and forming electro-active species


Herein a novel tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative 1 was designed with an integration of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), multi-state mechanochromism and self-recovery photochromism. The molecule was susceptible to grinding, heating and vapor fuming and showed corresponding transition of its emission colors. The heated powder or single crystal of 1 exhibited reversible photochromism: when a short period of UV irradiation was turned off, it showed bright red appearance color and soon recovered to its original white color within 1 min. The reversible mechanochromism is attributed to the weak molecular interactions derived from the head-to-tail stacking of the molecules, while photochromism is due to the formation of photocyclization intermediates upon UV irradiation. This reversible multi-state, high-contrasted and rapid responsive mechanochromic and photochromic property cooperatively provide double enhancement of a multimode guarantee in advanced anti-counterfeiting.


Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Monographs 84 (2014): 151-170, doi:10.1890/12-2119.1.


We determine the nonequilibrium grain size distribution (GSD) during the crystallization of a solid in d -dimensions under fixed thermodynamic conditions, for the random nucleation and growth model, and in the absence of grain coalescence. Two distinct generalizations of the theory established earlier are considered. A closed analytic expression of the GSD useful for experimental studies is derived for anisotropic growth rates. The main difference from the isotropic growth case is the appearance of a constant prefactor in the distribution. The second generalization considers a Gaussian source term: nuclei are stable when their volume is within a finite range determined by the thermodynamics of the crystallization process. The numerical results show that this generalization does not change the qualitative picture of our previous study. The generalization only affects quantitatively the early stage of crystallization when nucleation is dominant. The remarkable result of these major generalizations is that the nonequilibrium GSD is robust against anisotropic growth of grains and fluctuations of nuclei sizes.


The study analyzes the performance about Elsoft Research Berhad as a company that develop the test and burn-in system and application specific embedded system. It include the observation of Elsoft Research Berhad business activities over the period between 2011 and 2015. The finding shows that the Elsoft company have their own characteristic to control the performance of company among the other competitor company. In year 2011, Elsoft actually face the economic crisis when the other country facing the flooding and also economic crisis such as in Europe.


The genus Anaspides was founded in 1894 by Mr G. M. Thomson of Dunedin, New Zealand, for the reception of a very remarkable Schizopod Crustacean which he had discovered in a fresh-water pool at an altitude of 4000 feet on Mount Wellington in Tasmania. The very striking peculiarities of the animal, the absence of a carapace, the presence of plate-like gills attached to the bases of the thoracic legs, and the possession of an auditory organ in the peduncle of the antennules, led its discoverer to regard it as the type of a new family of Schizopods, the Anaspidæ, while suggesting that it might be entitled to "even higher specific rank." I have had an opportunity of examining three specimens of Anaspides presented to the Museum of University College, Dundee, by Dr Chas. Chilton of New Zealand, and from the dissection of one of these I have been able to supplement, in some important points, Mr Thomson's account of the external anatomy of the animal. I wish also to call attention to the remarkable resemblance, indicative I believe of close affinity, which Anaspides bears to certain Palaeozoic Crustacea belonging to a group hitherto supposed to be unrepresented among living forms. The present paper has been prepared under the direction of Prof. D'Arcy W. Thompson.


Introduction: This study, evaluate pediatric digital radiography. Due to the high rates of this test and the high sensitivity of children to ionizing radiation in comparison with adults, it is attempted to achieve near optimal conditions by reducing the dose and maintaining the image quality. The object of the study is to change the irradiation parameters such as kV and mA and change them to a point where the dose is as high as possible for improved image quality or image quality preservation.
Materials and Methods: Irradiation data from 50 children were collected for each of 2 age groups 0-1and 1-5 years old, and the mean values of voltage, current, and tube-to-table distance were obtained. To investigate Improving image quality as the dose reduced, a homogeneous phantom was constructed to produce an equivalent chest distribution with less than 5% accuracy. The Monte Carlo simulation and the equivalent human phantom ORNL were used to make this phantom. Then, with use of a digital radiographic system and dosimetric instruments that calculate the dose, the dose of homogeneous phantom was measured. Subsequently, irradiation parameters such as kV and current were changed to provide voltages higher than reference voltage and lower current flow rates than those referring to a dose lower than the reference dose, the choice of these conditions is due to the decrease in absorption dose. Finally, three parameters MTF, SNR and CNR are measured using the tools designed in this phantom.
Results: With the results obtained for three parameters of each of the two age groups, the result was that for the age group 0-1, the best selection for the voltage and current was 60 and 2.5, respectively, in which the dose reduced and image quality increased. For 1 -5 years the voltage 75 with a current range of 3.2 to 5 mAs was close to optimum.
Conclusion: This article has determined wide variations in radiation dose of x-ray examinations. Also, to Reduce patient dose and enhance image quality is suggested following solutions:
1-               utilization of Automatic Exposure Control (Of course, it's not easy to use for children with small body)
2-               Used additional filters such as copper: This filter by removing low-energy beam makes the beam harder, and photoelectric effect reduced, as a result, the patient dose is reduced.
The works that was done in this study: Improving the exposure parameter compared to dose reference extracted 50 images for each age group and as well as improved its image quality.


This paper analyzes the architecture of joint TCM decoder and equalizer which suits for IEEE802.3ab std..1000Base-T gigabit Ethernet transceiver in 0.13μm CMOS process.Look-ahead technologies available for 1000Base-T are studied to optimize the look-ahead structures employed in the joint TCM decoder and equalizer.Hardware complexity of the decoder is decreased by those approaches without performance scaled down.8.7k gates of 14tap MA4 decoder is saved after optimization,which is about 9% of original circuits.The gate count of 14tap PDFD is decreased by 9.5k,which saves about 6% in area after optimization.


In article offers on ordering transport organizational contracts and perfection to the legislation are given. In a basis of unity and differentiation of treaty obligations civil legal organizational attitudes lay


In my master's thesis "Lesbians and Locker Rooms" I
 interviewed eight lesbian athletes and concluded that lesbian realities in sport
 can be connected to a larger set of practices which assist in the construction
 of a heteronormative order. In this paper I have reinterpreted previous
 interview material in order to examine the performances of both
 (homo/hetero)sexual identities in their sports in relation to this
 heteronormative order.


The main cause of high-frequency (100 Hz) vibration of hydrogenerator stator cores is degradation of the stator section joints in the process of operation. The operation of hydrogenerators at significant stator vibration levels leads to serious damage to individual structural parts. This necessitates monitoring of the condition of the joints. Gaps in the stator joints on an operating generator were measured with special tensometers in order to establish quantitative relationships between the gap size and the generator condition parameters which influence the gap size. It was determined that the size of the gap in hydrogenerator stator section joints is directly related to the temperature difference between the active steel and the stator housing shelves, and that there is a quantitative relationship between the size of the joint gap, the thermal state of the stator, and the voltage on the hydrogenerator leads which permits determination of the allowable gap in stator section joints.


These responses are replies to the contributions to a book symposium devoted to my book Knowing and Seeing. Groundwork for a New Empiricism (2019), held at the University of Vienna in February 2020.


: Two series of copper ferrites are prepared using the chemical compositional formula Cu 1.0-3y Fe 2.0-2x Mo x + y O 4.0 . They are calcinated at 750 C and sintered at 950C. When x = y = 0.0, the ε ′ of the basic copper ferrite is probably due to electronic exchange interactions of copper and iron ions as Cu 2+ ↔ Cu 1+ and Fe 3+ ↔ Fe 2+ . The observed value of dielectric constant (є ′ ) decreases as a function of substituent concentration (x) up to x = 0.20 and for further values of 'x' it found to increase. In the case of 'C' (x = 0) series ferrites є ′ decreases with substituent concentration (y) up to y = 0.04, later it found to increase. The dispersion of ac resistivity with frequency is observed indicating their strong dependence on frequency as in the case of dielectric behaviour. These results are explained with different possible mechanisms.


Hypothesis / aims of study Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves controlling the bladder, applied as to cause muscle contraction, to activate reflexes, and to modulate some functions of the central nervous system, may offer an alternative, non-destructive medical treatment for incontinence and urinary retention. The aim of the present study was to identify the most efficient sensory and motor spinal nerve roots of the bladder involved in micturition. Study design, materials and methodsUnilateral


Many questions surround the underlying mechanism for the differential metabolic processing observed for the prion protein (PrP) in healthy and prion-infected mammals. Foremost, the physiological α-cleavage of PrP interrupts a region critical for both toxicity and conversion of cellular PrP (PrPC) into its misfolded pathogenic isoform (PrPSc) by generating a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored C1 fragment. During prion diseases, alternative β-cleavage of PrP becomes prominent, producing a GPI-anchored C2 fragment with this particular region intact. It remains unexplored whether physical up-regulation of α-cleavage can inhibit disease progression. Furthermore, several pieces of evidence indicate that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10 and ADAM17 play a much smaller role in the α-cleavage of PrPC than originally believed, thus presenting the need to identify the primary protease(s) responsible. For this purpose, we characterized the ability of plasmin to perform PrP α-cleavage. Then, we conducted functional assays using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) and prion-infected cell lines to clarify the role of plasmin-mediated α-cleavage during prion propagation. Here, we demonstrated an inhibitory role of plasmin for PrPSc formation through PrP α-cleavage that increased C1 fragments resulting in reduced prion conversion compared with non-treated PMCA and cell cultures. The reduction of prion infectious titer in the bioassay of plasmin-treated PMCA material also supported the inhibitory role of plasmin on PrPSc replication. Our results suggest that plasmin-mediated endoproteolytic cleavage of PrP may be an important event to prevent prion propagation.


Objective: The main objective of the present study was to get knowledge about the diet routines of low weight emaciated children having age less than five years. Study Design: Cross-sectional description base study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Pediatric ward of Holy Family Hospital (HFH), Rawalpindi for the duration of six months from March, 2018 to August, 2018. Materials and Methods: A total number of 151 children were selected for the study that were having low body weight and looked emaciated. Non-probability convenient method was used for the selection and their eating routines were decided. The data was collected through already designed questionnaire after taking parents of the children into confidence. SPSS-16 was used to analyze the gathered information. Different variables were calculated through descriptive statistics. Weighing machines and measuring tapes were used during the information gathering process. Results: The current study consists of a total of 151 children having age < 5 years. Percentage of males and females was as 64.2 % (97) and 35.8% (54) respectively, urban and rural areas as 19.2% and 80.8% accordingly; school going and non-school going as 6.60% respectively. With 54% of highest ratio, occupation of children's fathers was laborer and mothers were housewife of 95.4% emaciated children. 62.9% mothers were illiterate and 62.3% mothers fully breast fed their infants. 51% babies were fed through feeder bottle. Chronic disease was not found in a large number of children. Vaccination was carried out in 85% children and no signs of measles were observed in the children. Conclusion :Subsequently studying the malnourishment amongst kids having age of 5 years by means of various variables found that basic reasons of malnutrition is insignificant eating routines as unfamiliarity about prominence of absolute breast feeding, early termination of breast feeding, formula milk usage, illiteracy of parents, lack of essential nutrients in their food which prevent the body functioning normally and poverty.


Do young children consciously reject one parent and cling to the other? Cath Hunter offers advice for talking with families and getting through what may be a difficult phase for them.


The sediments from Site 346 have the following ages: Pliocene to Pleistocene (0-25.5 m), middle Miocene (25.5-101.5 m), Oligocene (101.5 [?] to 120.5 m), and Eocene (120.5 [?] to 187 m). On the basis of a large number of lithologic mineralogic characteristics, four major series are distinguished in the cored interval (Figure 1); for each series, more detailed subdivisions (subseries) are distinguished (Figure I).


The paper shows the significance of studying both the indices of productivity, and the indices of the immune status in animals. It is important to control the immune status of animals in critical periods of their life. When the decrease of the level of immune status is revealed it is necessary to correct it by using biologically active substances.


This paper was started with the process characteristics of the machine tool machining of Rapid wire EDM,to discuss the mechanism of wire cut-off briefly,analyze the causes of wire broken,and propose the solution of wire cut-off.


In this paper, we state several conjectures regarding distribution of primes and of pairs of primes represented by irreducible homogeneous polynomial in two variables f(a, b). We formulate conjectures with respect to the slope t = b/a for any irreducible polynomial f . Here, we formulate a conjecture for all irreducible polynomials. We also consider conjectures for distribution of pairs of primes. It show unexpected relation to multiple Dedekind zeta function at s = 2 for one prime and at (s1, s2) = (2, 2) for pairs of primes. We tested the conjecture for pairs of primes for several quadratic fields. The conjecture for pairs of primes and multiple Dedekind zeta function over the Gaussian integers provide error less than a tenth of a percent. We also tested conjectures that compare sets of primes in a pair of different quadratic fields. Numerically, such quotients can be expressed in terms of regulators and class numbers. Some of the data, together with the code, is available on GitHub, (see [10]). MSC 2020: 11N05, 11N32, 11A41, 11C08, 11R04, 11R04


This cohort study assesses the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with the incidence of 5 medical emergencies (acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, and appendicitis) in 2 US academic medical centers.


Introduction Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is an important clinical condition presenting as isolated sinus bradycardia, sinusal arrest, sinus bradycardia and atrial arrhythmias. An increased amount of collagen and fibrosis in the sinoatrial node and atrium tissue constitutes the basic pathophysiology of SSS (1,2). Most studies reported that increased fibrosis in the atrial tissue may both cause prolongation of atrial conduction time and increase the frequency of atrial arrhythmias (3,4). In addition, some studies have reported that low atrial sensing values may be associated with increased volume load and scarring in the atrial tissue, thereby causing atrial arrhythmias (4-6). Dual-chamber (DDDR) pacemaker implantation is the main treatment strategy to improve symptoms in this patient group. Although permanent pacemakers provide improvement in symptoms in SSS, their impact on mortality is still controversial (1,7,8). Since these patients are mostly of advanced age, it is important to follow them in terms of atrial arrhythmias (9). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the initial intracardiac P-wave sensing values and the development of atrial high rate episodes (AHRE) in patients with DDDR permanent pacemakers implanted due to SSS.