Nursery riddle: What dogs have five legs? Answer: No dogs. No dogs have five legs. (No dogs are dogs, because don't we call them dogs?) At about the same level of puerility, but using adult language, consider this one. When is an arrest not an arrest? Answer: When it is an illegal arrest. (An illegal arrest is not an arrest, because it has none of the legal consequences of an arrest. But it must be an arrest, because don't we call it that? It is the kind of arrest known as an illegal arrest. Yes, just as a five-legged dog is the kind of dog known as a


Multi‐segment foot models (MFMs) are becoming a common tool in musculoskeletal research on the ankle‐foot complex. The purpose of this study was to compare ankle joint kinematics as well as ligament and muscle strains that result from MFM with a different number of segments during vertical hopping. Ten participants were recruited and performed double‐limb vertical hops. Marker positions and ground reaction forces were collected. Two‐segment (2MFM), three‐segment (3MFM), and five‐segment MFM (5MFM) were used to calculate ankle kinematics and the strains of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments and of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Ranges of motion and peak strains were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc tests, whereas the time‐series of the ankle kinematics and ligament and muscle strains were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping. There were significant main effects for MFM in the talocrural joint range of motion and peak strains of ligaments and muscles. In addition, there were significant main effects for MFM in time‐series data of the talocrural joint angle as well as for ligament and muscle strains. In all cases, the post hoc analyses showed that the 2MFM consistently overestimated the range of motion and tissue strains compared to the 3MFM and 5MFM, while 3MFM and 5MFM did not differ from each other in the most variables. This study showed that the number of segments in MFM significantly affects the biomechanical estimates of joint kinematics and tissue strains during hopping. Clinical significance: MFM that combine all foot structures beyond the talus into one segment likely overestimate ankle joint biomechanics. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2231–2240, 2019


We present experimental values of the electron impact coherence parameters (EICP) and reduced Stokes parameters for excitation of 51P1 state of cadmium atoms. The results have been obtained using electron–photon coincidence technique for incident electron energies 80 eV and 60 eV and electron scattering angles in the range of 5° to 50°. We also present an additional set of data for electron energy 100 eV and scattering angle 50° which complements our previous results. All the experimental values are compared with theoretical relativistic distorted-wave approximation (RDWA) calculations. The first Born approximation (FBA) predictions of the alignment angle are also presented. The theoretical results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data.


What became apparent, during those two weeks of intense scrutiny, was a realisation that something had shifted in a number of our final year graduates behavior, which subsequently manifested itself in where they chose to locate, or site, their burgeoning and varied arts practices. This shift has no name as yet, and the term 'professional practice' isn't sufficient enough to describe neither its reach nor its complexity, however, the self-oganised nature of it, along with its de-centralised philosophy, generates an energy that is admirable and therefore should be made quantifiable and valued for its resourcefulness. However, through the course of moderation it became clear that, on both counts, our shared experience of it, and our ability to assess it appropriately, were wanting. ! "Whatever exists at all exists in some amount." 2 (Thorndike, 1918, p16) ! As academic staff being observant is key, and our collective insights and experiences are fundamental elements that assist in the process of educating our students in order for them to evolve into artists. However, what is becoming apparent is that our faculties are not as sharp as they could be. I believe there are many reasons for this loss of focus: our roles as fine art educators and practitioners have become multifaceted, and therefore much more complex than ever before. Dare I go even further and suggest that, in terms of education today, it is, in fact, getting harder to teach! I raise this contentious issue purely because, on a daily basis, it is abundantly clear that our students arrive at our front doors with a whole host of new skills, ideas, attitudes and issues that subsequently take time to identify, temper, enable, develop and expand upon. With growing student numbers, and a variety of fractional academic contracts, managing the complexity of this ultimately takes time, effort, care, flexibility, and attention. Consequently, the result of this development means that our remit and the role the fine art educator now includes professional skills that traditionally occupied a space out with, and beyond, the location of art school education. I reiterate, our careers have developed, and are now progressively multifarious and diverse. We understand this, but it does not diminish the fact that our powers of observation are being hindered and blunted via the very thing we believe in, and that is, the education of individuals who wish to be artist. However, as educators, to place emphasis on what we attempt to achieve daily is of paramount importance as this process is what ultimately makes our arts institutions, and the education we provide, unique. In speaking with other academics from a variety of different fields, they often ask why this learning and teaching process is so important? And want to know why we continue to pay such close attention to it. The answer is quite simple, such !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 Essay entitled, School's Out!-? Arguments to challenge or defend the institutional boundaries of the academy, written by Jan Verwoert, from the book entitled, Notes for an Art School, p3. http://manifesta.org/manifesta-6/


Chemically synthesized polymeric films are widely used for packaging in the food industry, because they are easily and inexpensively produced from uniform raw materials and are both flexible and durable. A serious disadvantage of these films is that they are not biodegradable. The growth of environmental concerns over nonbiodegradable petrochemical-based plastics raised interest in the use of biodegradable alternatives, originating from renewable sources. In this regard, the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the biodegradable films of different composition are analyzed: gelatin-based, cornstarch and carrageenan. The films were synthesized according to the existing technologies and the following characteristics were analyzed: film thickness, mechanical properties, integral light transmission coefficient and degradation of these films in biological mediums, chemical resistance of the films and their thermal properties.

Practical Applications
Through the experimental data the dependences for the prediction of physical–chemical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties of biodegradable films made of vegetable polysaccharides were obtained. The new biodegradable edible materials based on specially selected combinations of plant polysaccharides were created, which will be used in the production of edible packaging materials for foodstuffs or capsule shells for targeted delivery of biologically active substances in medicine. The detection of degradation patterns of biodegradable films based on plant polysaccharides was performed in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, which can be used in the development of edible packaging materials for the food industry or capsule shells for targeted drug delivery in medicine. The optical behavior patterns of biodegradable edible films based on plant polysaccharides in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum were established with a view to provide subsequent creation of packaging materials for the food industry for long-term storage of products.


This report proposes a composite kernel method of semantic relation extraction between named entities within natural language documents. Using two kernel methods, the benets from both are combined to gain an increase in performance compared to earlier approaches. 1) A linear kernel processing linguistic features, such as word-span, orderof-entities and word-type. 2) A tree kernel computing the similarity of a relation type with the shortest path-enclosed tree between a pair of candidate entities. Experiments are done using previous implemented methods, such as context sensitiveness and latent annotations to measure their impact on the performance. Evaluating on a dataset for the relation extraction task at the Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning from 2004, the results obtained are on par with previous state-of-the-art approaches on the same dataset.


Dialysable human leukocyte extracts (10 kDa molecular weight cutoff) contain at least three cytotoxicity-stimulating factors CySF-L1, CySF-L2 and CySF-L3, activating natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) against tumor cells when PBMC were pre-incubated with the factors for 72h prior to cytotoxicity assays. The factors could be separated by ion exchange chromatography on Dowex 50WX2. The leukocyte subpopulations producing these factors could be identified: CySF-L1 was detected in granulocyte extracts and T lymphocyte extracts, CySF-L2 in granulocyte extracts and monocyte extracts, CySF-L3 in T lymphocyte extracts and in B lymphocyte/NK cell extracts. All three factors were also present with low concentrations in fresh human plasma. The effector cells activated during pre-incubation of PBMC with the factors were partly identical: CySF-L1 and L2 activated the NK cytotoxicity of monocytes and of NK cells whereas CySF-L3 only stimulated the cytotoxicity of NK cells. All three factors stimulated LAK-like cytotoxicity since the effector cells showed enhanced activity not only against standard NK targets like K562 tumor cells but also against NK-insensitive targets like DAUDI cells and HT29 tumor cells.


Congenital pseudoainhum involving the lower parts of both legs and the right great toe with associated partial syndactyly and absence of distal phalanges occurred in a Negro infant boy. Plastic repair of the deformity produced by the constrictive bands was performed with a good cosmetic result. Histological examination of the excised specimen revealed broad finger-like projections of collagenous and coarse elastic bundles penetrating deeply into the subcutaneous fat.


Putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine have been detected as regular minor constituents of human and cow's milk. These polyamines have been identified in form of their dansyl derivatives by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The spermine and spermidine content varies with the methionine intake. At the 6th week of lactation, the spermidine and spermine concentration of human milk are 5 and 20 times,respectively,thatof cow's milk. There is a strict correlation between the DNA, RNA, and the spermine, spermidine concentration in both human and cow's milk during earlylactation. Am. J. ('lin. Nutr. 27: 859-865, 1974.


During the normal operation period in the Pohang Light Source (PLS) storage ring, the spontaneous bunch length oscillation or beating is generated by the nonlinear effects of the RF noise whose frequency is much lower than the bifurcation frequency. Due to the bunch length beating, we can not supply the uniform intensity beams to users. We have described the observed bunch length beating and its mechanism in the PLS storage ring with a simulation.


The research was carried out in order to study the effect of top dressing with liquid fertilizers on mineral nutrition, yield and quality of seeds of winter wheat of Kazanskaya 560 varietiy in seed crops. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soil, characterized by a very low supply of molybdenum, low - zinc, high - copper and manganese, very high - boron. Liquid fertilizers of the Metallocene series containing macro- and microelements were studied. Top dressing was carried out in three terms: the first - in the autumn period with manganese-containing fertilizer Metallocene D with a norm of 1.0 l/ha, the second - during the spring regrowth, the third - in the heading phase with fertilizers with copper (grade A), zinc (grade B), molybdenum and boron (grade C) at rates of 1.0 l/ha. The consumption of working fluid during spraying is 200 l/ha. In 2018 and 2019 dry conditions were noted, in 2020 - favorable for winter wheat. Double foliar application with zinc fertilizer increased the yield by 0.18 t/ha, boron and molybdenum - by 0.16 t/ha. Autumn top dressing with manganese increased the grain harvest by 0.67 t/ha, and against its background with molybdenum-boron fertilizer - by another 0.15 t/ha. Foliar feeding led to an increase in the content and removal of phosphorus from 1 ton of winter wheat seeds. Microfertilizers increased the laboratory germination of seeds of a new crop by 3.1...5.4%, and also reduced their infection with phytopathogenic micromycetes by 1.2...23.0 times. The minimal infection of the seeds of a new crop with fungi causing root rot in the experiment was noted when using the copper-containing fertilizer Metallocene against the background of the autumn application of manganese. The most cost-effective on seed crops of winter wheat were double foliar feeding with molybdenum and boron in combination with the autumn application of manganese (profitability - 71%, against 39% in control).


This article is dedicated to the possibilities of using new alternative raw materials in the structure of aerated autoclaved concrete. Primary sources of raw materials are exhaustible and their price is increasing. According to the ecological requirements of the European Union, it is necessary to find many more ecological ways how to produce building materials. Production of aerated autoclaved concrete is for such utilization potentially suitable. It is well known, that the partial replacement of siliceous constituents is possible. This article is focused on the use of dispersed siliceous waste material with fiber‐like grains (e.g., waste fibers from the production of reinforcement fabrics and glass). The input raw materials are standard aerated autoclaved concrete based (cement, lime, silica sand). As an aerating agent was the aluminum powder. This article is dedicated to the determination of basic physical‐mechanical properties and a suitable amount of filler determination. The amount was determined on the basis of the constructive quality coefficient. It seems that partial replacement of the siliceous constituent by fiber‐like materials leads to improvement of properties.


Endorsed by OCR for use with the 2008 OCR A Level History B specification, this Student Book has been written with a real focus on exam preparation. You'll find our unique Exam Cafe sections throughout the book, offering hints, tips and guidance for the big day. What's more, it has been written by senior examiners and teachers so you can be confident it will give you all the support you need.


Along with the Covid-19 pandemic, a new type of 'disease' has spread just as rapidly, affecting the world of journalism and information. In addition to the concept of 'infodemic', first proposed by David J. Rothkopf in 2003 in relation to SARS, then taken up by a World Economic Forum study in 2006 to explain the fairness of information in emergencies, and finally used by the World Health Organisation itself to refer to the spread of false, tendentious or incorrect information during the Covid-19 pandemic. 2020 was also the year of a new word: doom scrolling.This term refers to when a person constantly reads and searches for negative news online, and the consequences this has on our mental health. It is still a relatively new phenomenon, but several experts have already pointed out that doom scrolling is predictably detrimental to a person's mental well-being.The pandemic has thus confirmed the already known risks of overexposure to a constant flow of information, a problem that affects media professionals, their audiences and institutions, and that can trigger social and psychophysical pathologies such as depression, mood swings, isolation and paranoia.An attempt will be made here to discuss the issue from a critical point of view and to reconstruct the phenomenon of 'doom scrolling'. Finally, an attempt will be made to define the main lines of public discussion based on the most recent literature available in this period of global crisis.


The city of El Empalme, has experienced rapid economic and population growth, mainly due to its strategic location with the rest of the country. This population increase has brought building requirements of jobs. This feasibility study for the creation of a timber trading company in Canton El Empalme, it has raised conforms to the technical conditions and requirements of the service offering.

The first chapter refers to the diagnosis of the current situation of the research problem, objectives, hypothesis, justification, these variables are the basis for the formulation of strategies to be implemented in research; then chapter two contains the theoretical, conceptual and legal foundations, where theoretical concepts are taken into consideration during the preparation of the thesis is formulated.

In the developed market study found that there is unmet demand in relation to the existing offer on purchase and sale of timber in the city of El Empalme. The technical study determines the location, size, infrastructure according to the needs of the company, sharing workspaces, services, costs and staff requirements.

Investment required for the project in the financial statements, income statements, cash flows, which is the basis for the financial evaluation, indicating the benefit / cost and profitability generated by the project, in addition to detailed feasibility from the point of view of the investor.

Finally, we conclude with conclusions and recommendations, highlighting the feasibility and sustainability through life established for the proposed project.


In this paper, we introduce a creative pipeline to incorporate physiological and behavioral data from contemporary marine mammal research into data-driven animations, leveraging functionality from industry tools and custom scripts to promote scientific insights, public awareness, and conservation outcomes. Our framework can flexibly transform data describing animals' orientation, position, heart rate, and swimming stroke rate to control the position, rotation, and behavior of 3D models, to render animations, and to drive data sonification. Additionally, we explore the challenges of unifying disparate datasets gathered by an interdisciplinary team of researchers, and outline our design process for creating meaningful data visualization tools and animations. As part of our pipeline, we clean and process raw acceleration and electrophysiological signals to expedite complex multi-stream data analysis and the identification of critical foraging and escape behaviors. We provide details about four animation projects illustrating marine mammal datasets. These animations, commissioned by scientists to achieve outreach and conservation outcomes, have successfully increased the reach and engagement of the scientific projects they describe. These impactful visualizations help scientists identify behavioral responses to disturbance, increase public awareness of human-caused disturbance, and help build momentum for targeted conservation efforts backed by scientific evidence.


Conventional methods de-chlorinate water using granulated activated charcoal (GAC), sodium bisulfate, or sodium metabisulfite. These methods remove chlorine by either absorption or through chemical reactions, and both introduce drawbacks that must be managed. UV light de-chlorination method on the other hand has no drawbacks. It's a simple, single pass, no additive, no by-product producing process. And UV light has additional benefits, performing significant amounts of microbial disinfection and destruction of organic compounds. The conventional methods are unable to do likewise.


The non-free suction pipeline of oxygen/nitrogen heat exchanger of Model YPON-12500/7130 liquefying unit results in excessively high temperature difference of oxygen/nitrogen heat exchanger and serious loss of cooling capacity.Optimization of operation flow process makes the suction pipeline of oxygen/nitrogen heat exchanger free,which not only eliminates excessively high and high loss of cooling capacity but also improves safety of equipment run.The flow process of the liquefying unit is briefed,the measures to optimize the operation are described and the reached economical benefits are analyzed through calculation.


Poor air quality is an important problem in several countries, especially in northern Thailand. Several studies have reported the association between these problems and risks of human health. However, little is known regarding the effects of the air quality on cardio-respiratory systems among people of different ages. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of air quality on pulmonary function and cardiovascular endurance before high PM10, high PM10, and after high PM10 periods in children, adults and elderly groups in the north of Thailand. A prospective cohort study with three different periods was designed. A sample of 450 participants (i.e., children, adults, and elderly people) was random, and were recruited in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Nan. Pulmonary function tests and cardiovascular endurance were measured by spirometer and six-minute walk distance (6MWD), respectively. A total of 335 participants were recruited; 96 children, 119 adults and 120 elderly people. For pulmonary function, force expiratory volume in first second/Force vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in the children's group found significant differences when compared before high PM10 high PM10 period ( 2.289%) and before high PM10 – after high PM10 period ( 2.324%). Also, 6MWD found significant differences in children, adults, and elderly groups when compared before high PM10 high PM10 period ( 80.480,  36.640, and  25.511 meter, respectively) and before high PM10 after high PM10 period ( 70.488,  22.874, and  16.374 meter, respectively). Therefore, air quality had a negative effect on the cardiorespiratory system.


Objective To measure and compare the anti-bacterial activity of crude snake venoms against different bacterium strains.Methods The bacteria-inhibiting ring method was applied to measure the anti-bacterial effects of the snake venoms of Gloydius shedaoensis,Agkistrodon halys Pallas and Gloydius brevicaudus on the growths of the bacterium strains of Staphyloccocus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans.The anti-bacterial activities of different crude snake venoms were then compared.The effect of the addition of catalase was also compared.Results(1) The three crude snake venoms showed varied inhibitory effects on the five types of bacterium tested in current work.(2) Basically,the snake venoms showed the strongest inhibitory effect against Staphyloccocus aureus,followed by Candida albicans,Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.(3) In the presence of catalase,the anti-bacterial effect of Gloydius shedaoensis vemon was significantly suppressed.Conclusions(1) The three snake venoms all showed anti-bacterial activities,with varied anti-bacterial selectivity.(2) Among them,Gloydius shedaoensis vemon showed the highest anti-bacterial activity.(3) The addition of catalase dramatically decreased the anti-bacterial activity of crude snake vemon,which indicates that L-amino acid oxidase(LAAO) is the critical component responsible for the anti-bacterial activity of snake venoms.


ABSTRACT Students with special educational needs (SEN) are often left behind in science education, and research largely ignores this population. In particular, very limited research examines the intersection between the nature of science (NOS) and special education (SPED). To address this gap, the study investigated 18 preservice SPED teachers' NOS plans and instructions in a methods course, as well as their perceptions of the role of NOS and its relevance to SEN. The data sources included written reflections, interviews, lesson plans and microteaching during class. Most preservice teachers planned and implemented NOS lessons within inquiry within the class, although NOS was not required. This finding represents a strong outcome as participants were non-science majors and were provided only a short period of NOS intervention. Importantly, the preservice SPED teachers considered NOS to be relevant to SEN, considering students' unique ideas and different ways of thinking. This provided initial evidence that preservice SPED teachers may view teaching NOS as a way to highlight students' differences in ideas/perspectives, supporting their contributions to science. Future research will investigate the NOS learning outcomes of SEN.


【Objective】 To observe the therapeutic effect on the coenurus disease of plateau Yak.by three different administration methods 【Method】The incremental and joint method of praziquantel and albendazole were used to cure coenurus disease of yak.【Result】The average time for symptoms disappeared of the incremental method of praziquantel treatment group was 8.25 d.And the effective rate was 80.9%,the cure rate was 72.7%.That of albendazole increment method treatment group was 10.6d,100% and 90.9%.While that of praziquantel and albendazole combined method group,was 12.43 d,80% and 60%.【Conclusion】 The efficacy of praziquantel incremental method was faster than other groups.The effect of albendazole incremental method group was slow,but the curative effect was higher.The combination therapy method had poor efficacy.


The exchange energy of an arbitrary collinear-spin many-body system in an external magnetic field is a functional of the spin-resolved charge and current densities, $E_x[n_{\uparrow},n_{\downarrow},j_{\uparrow},j_{\downarrow}]$. Within the framework of density-functional theory (DFT), we show that the dependence of this functional on the four densities can be fully reconstructed from either of two extreme limits: a fully polarized system or a completely unpolarized system. Reconstruction from the limit of an unpolarized system yields a generalization of the Oliver-Perdew spin scaling relations from spin-DFT to current-DFT. Reconstruction from the limit of a fully polarized system is used to derive the high-field form of the local-spin-density approximation to current-DFT and to magnetic-field DFT.


By providing an eddy current sensor element in a polishing tool at a lower height level in conjunction with a corresponding optical endpoint detection system standard polishing pads can be used, thereby improving the service life of the polishing pad and the engine load is increased.


Changing the configuration of a system to treat wastewater has a major influence on the entire process, by modifying operating characteristics of system and the microbial populations involved in treatment processes. The system under study has two bioreactors in series, each followed by a separator, a recycle and a purge. Recycle and purge ratios were used from 0.1 to 1, for the former, and 0.001 to 0.01, for the latter. At the same time, the series of reactor has an external recycle, which could have a ratio from 0 to 3. The overall system performance and the diversity of the microbial communities in the reactors can be affected by working on different operating conditions. Two types of effects were investigated in this study with respect to the performance of a biological treatment process for wastewater: topological, when the configuration of the systems changes, and operational, when recycle and purge ratios change for a given topology.


[Recension av:] Colonial Saints: Discovering the Holy in the Americas, 1500-1800. : Eds. Allan Greer & Jodi Bilinkoff. Routledge: New York & London, 2003


Two relaxation features of the migration-consumption chemotaxis system involving signal-dependent motilities, are studied in smoothly bounded domains Ω ⊂ R n , n ≥ 1: It is shown that if φ ∈ C 0 ([0 , ∞ )) is positive on [0 , ∞ ), then for any initial data ( u 0 , v 0 ) belonging to the space ( C 0 (Ω)) ⋆ × L ∞ (Ω) an associated no-flux type initial-boundary value problem admits a global very weak solution. Beyond this initial relaxation property, it is seen that under the additional hypotheses that φ ∈ C 1 ([0 , ∞ )) and n ≤ 3, each of these solutions stabilizes toward a semi-trivial spatially homogeneous steady state in the large time limit. By thus applying to irregular and partially even measure-type initial data of arbitrary size, this firstly extends previous results on global solvability in ( ⋆ ) which have been restricted to initial data not only considerably more regular but also suitably small. Secondly, this reveals a significant difference between the large time behavior in ( ⋆ ) and that in related degenerate counterparts involving functions φ with φ (0) = 0, about which, namely, it is known that some solutions may asymptotically approach nonhomogeneous states.


The authors of this volume discuss the ways in which places have been transformed by the changes happening within them - shifts in the nature and quantity of paid and unpaid work, in social and political mobilization, in cultural and aesthetic experience and in the built environment.


Abstract The article tries to explain and define political processes and changes trhough history of the 'new' Western Balkans country - the Republic of North Macedonia. It is word about analysis of the political dispute between Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Greece, from its biginnings until the present day. This paper will try to give the real picture of political area in the Balkans and explore deeper roots of the 'Macedonian Question' controversy. Also, it will give the explinations of the resolution of 27-year dispute, (between the two neighbor countries), by signing the Prespa Agreement. Hence, leaving by side national identity and history, the North Macedonia will be able to join the European Union and NATO. Thus, in short period of time, a 'new' country in the Western Balkans has putted in the center of the regional politics, with clear purpose: promoting ethnic and cultural heritance in the edge of the European continent.


Objectives Nitric oxide is an endogenous substance that preserves the myocardial function in patients with heart failure. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor of endogenous nitric oxide synthase. We sought to explore the association between the left ventricular (LV) function as assessed with two-dimensional echocardiography and the serum level of ADMA in nondiabetic patients without significant coronary artery disease. Patients and methods Eighty-seven consecutive patients with normal LV ejection fractions were included in this cross-sectional study. The ADMA serum level was measured, and the longitudinal deformation indices of the LV myocardium were evaluated using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2DSTE). Results The systolic strain, the systolic strain rate, and the early and late diastolic strain rates as evaluated with 2DSTE were not statistically significantly different between the patients with normal ADMA serum levels and those with increased ADMA serum levels. The two study groups were also not significantly different in terms of the systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities obtained with tissue Doppler. Conclusion Our findings showed no statistically significant correlations between the serum ADMA level and the 2DSTE-derived indices of the longitudinal deformation of the LV myocardium in our nondiabetic patients without significant coronary artery stenosis and with normal LV ejection fractions.


We report on the quadrant photon HgCdTe detectors optimized for 2-11 μm wavelength spectral range and Peltier or no cooling, and photosensitive area of a quad-cell of 1×1 to 4×4 mm. The devices are fabricated as photoconductors or multiple photovoltaic cells connected in series (PVM). The former are characterized by a relatively uniform photosensitive area. The PVM photovoltaic cells are distributed along the wafer surface, comprising a periodical stripe structure with a period of 20 μm. Within each period, there is an insensitive gap/trench < 9 μm wide between stripe mesas. The resulting spatial quantization error prevents positioning of the beam spot of size close to the period, but becomes negligible for the optimal spot size comparable to a quadrant-cell area. The photoconductors produce 1/f noise with about 10 kHz knee frequency, due to bias necessary for their operation. The PVM photodiodes are typically operated at 0 V bias, so they generate no 1/f noise and operation from DC is enabled. At 230 K, upper corner frequency of 16 to 100 MHz is obtained for photoconductor and 60 to 80 MHz for PVM, normalized detectivity D*~6×107 cm×Hz1/2/W to >1.4×108 cm×Hz1/2/W for photoconductor and >1.7×108 cm·Hz1/2/W for PVM, allowing for position control of the radiation beam with submicron accuracy at 16 MHz, 10.6 μm wavelength of pulsed radiation spot of ~0.8 mm dia at the close-to-maximal input radiation power density in a range of detector linear operation.


Engaging in profit-making public service seems to be the standard for defining a non-profitable hospital as an operator, but the law has no further provisions for what are the profit-making services. It is worth noting that whether public hospitals are classified as non-profit operators is the inevitable issue of subject qualification not only in "anti-unfair competition law" but also in "Consumer Protection Law".


The author describes how Alaska's Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, considered to be one of the fastest growing cargo airports in the United States, is able to remain functional during severe Arctic type winter weather. The article discusses how plow trucks, brooms, snow blowers, de-icing trucks, and other snow removal equipment are deployed to keep runways open during snowstorms. Also discussed is the teamwork of airport employees (from operators and mechanics to field electricians) during severe weather situations, often working unscheduled shifts to keep the airport open.


Extended Abstract Introduction Sustainable agriculture can be more objective than fit into the conceptual framework and it is closely associated with rational behavior. The result of such perspective is that sustainable agriculture is an activity based on rationality. The beginning of the formation of stable rationality requires training to create intellectual flexibility for the farmers in order to acquire knowledge and understanding of these issues. In the meantime, partnership is an approach that has an important role in solving this problem and has the ability to create the space for learning to understand the concepts of sustainable agriculture and rational behavior of operators. In fact, participation is a process with mental flexibility and mobility of thought in its heart and by creating a space for dialogue between farmers, agricultural promoters and service organizations, it provides the ground for training and information exchange and it is effective in achieving the objectives and principles of sustainable agriculture. Methodology Generally, the method of this study is such that sustainable agriculture is considered as a knowledge system of operation and partnership approach as a tool for generating knowledge and providing a context for learning and training in agricultural activities. The process has been developed in order to investigate knowledge, commitment, responsibility, and rational decision-making as components of sustainability and to illustrate the connection between sustainability and public participation as a factor, based on a conceptual model of the research. Then the partnership of the components with the component of stability was analyzed and the results were discussed. Eventually, the principles of sustainable agriculture were achieved in the operation and partnership patterns can be effective in various formations of mechanization, agricultural implementations and services, machinery maintenance, marketing and supply markets, conversion industries, packaging industries, construction of warehouses storing agricultural products, production in controlled areas, analytical performance, education or training in the framework and participation in the operation of water and soil conservation.


The current product safety regime in the United States simply does not provide a reasonable 'safety net' for consumers. Under the current structure, which is comprised of a level of federal regulation and an underlying backdrop of state tort deterrence, many defective and unsafe products simply slip through the cracks. Each layer of the existing 'safety net' has weak spots, and provides poor protection against certain classes of defective products. In some instances, such as the production of defective handguns, the weak spots align, ensuring that almost no protection is available for consumers. This article reviews the current safety regime, pointing out its weaknesses, and then considers ways to patch the existing safety net. As all the pedestrian public policy 'cures' show no sign of providing any real relief, the authors propose a novel solution to the problem. Based on recent developments in state unfair trade practices law and administrative jurisprudence, the authors contend that state Attorneys General can use their authority under state 'unfair trade practices laws' [known as UDAP laws] to promulgate comprehensive safety standards for dangerous products. This can be done now, without legislative approval or lengthy law suits. After fully describing the legal support for such an approach, and noting that states have begun to pursue regulatory initiatives that can serve as precursors to comprehensive product regulation, the authors review a variety of possible policy and practical objections to the UDAP regulatory route. Although some of these bear consideration, the authors determine that none provide a real barrier to stop state Attorneys General from enacting consumer product safety regulations. Thus, Attorneys General can act, right now, to make both handguns and other products safer.


Proceed from structural design of the device,study on change the form of transmission discs in order to raise the transmission torque of electrorheological fluids(ERF).And present the ripple-disc to produce shear-squeeze composite force during working so that transmission torque can be increased greatly.


Four groups to regulate commerce in weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and related delivery systems came into being between mid-1970s and 1990s. This the period during which India was the most bitterly estranged from the non-proliferation regime given its non-membership of NPT and the conduct of a peaceful nuclear explosion in 1974. The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), in fact, came up specifically as a result of the Indian action that exacerbated US concerns of nuclear proliferation. Its own Atoms for Peace programme had encouraged peaceful nuclear programmes in many non-NPT countries that were not necessarily obliged to subscribe to full scope safeguards by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).In an effort to plug this gap, the NSG was conceived as "the first highlevel coordinated attempt by the major industrial states to develop common rules to ensure that non-nuclear weapon states could not import nuclear materials, supplies, and technologies without accepting international safeguards".1 It grew as a sort of club of like-minded nations harbouring the broad objective of promoting non-proliferation. It created and has maintained a periodically updated trigger list, which identifies items whose export requires licensing, and in some cases end-user verifications. All group members are expected to harmonise their national export controls to match the guidelines of the multilateral group, though these are voluntary and non-binding with no enforcement mechanism.Owing largely to its NPT outlier status, India became a victim of NSG technology denials. Obviously, New Delhi developed a negative perception of the group, viewing it as a discriminatory instrument created for the strategic and financial gains of supplier nations. However, by the turn of the millennium, India's changed circumstances made it necessary for it to reconsider its relationship with the group. A need for engagement was felt once a decade of economic liberalisation by the early 2000s had given rise to an expanding industrial economy. Growing national capabilities and needs of high technology sectors such as space, defence, pharmaceutical, chemicals and energy necessitated an engagement with global industries in these spheres.In fact, the need for India to find a way of redesigning its relationship with the NSG can best be explained through the growing electricity demand *The in the 2000s once the economy perked. Burgeoning imports of thermal fuels and growing environmental concerns owing to widespread proliferation of coal-fired plants led to a renewed interest in the rapid expansion of the nuclear energy programme. The indigenous nuclear programme had been chugging along at a slow pace for decades. Technology denials and severe capacity constraints because of inadequate availability of uranium and technology for larger capacity reactors had kept India's nuclear programme from going beyond 2 percent in meeting national electricity requirements even after four decades of the programme. Potential for increasing the share of nuclear electricity through import of uranium for indigenous power plants or larger reactors was, however, hamstrung by India's non-acceptance of full scope safeguards, a mandatory requirement of the NSG. A need was then felt to find a way around the NSG guidelines.A breakthrough became possible in 2005 when the joint Indo-US statement in July that year mentioned the possibility of engagement between India and USA for civilian nuclear cooperation. Describing India as a "responsible nuclear power", then American President George Bush, Jr. hinted at the possibility of bringing India into the non-proliferation mainstream despite its non-membership of the NPT and non-acceptance of full-scope safeguards. The US was certainly influenced by three factors in making this exception for India: its huge market potential, including in the nuclear sector; its ability to be used as a counter for rising China; and environmental concerns from growing emissions from large scale fossil fuel used for electricity generation. …


IntroductionIn the presence of environmental stresses such as salinity and fertility stresses, water and nutrients less absorbed by the plant. Despite the stresses of salinity and nitrogen deficiency (fertility stress), the determination of the actual water requirement of plants with the AquaCrop model, will be important. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the AquaCrop model for estimating the soil moisture, evapotranspiration and yield of maize, under the salinity and fertility stresses.Materials and methodsIn this research, two treatments of water salinity and nitrogen deficity in four levels and three replications, with a control plot, were implemented as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete of block design. The studied plant was maize with cultivar of 704 Sc and was planted in plots with dimensions of 3 × 3 meters and 1.5 meters apart. In this plan, fertility stress was in the form of nitrogen fertilizer consumption and at four levels. Treatments of N_0، N_1، N_2 and N_3consisted of consumption of 100, 75, 50 and 25% of nitrogen fertilizer based on fertilizer recommendation, respectively. Salinity stress has been applied by irrigation of the plant with saline water. Water salinity treatments were selected based on yield potential of maize at four levels of 100, 90, 75 and 50% (3). According to the above four performance levels, treatments of S_0، S_1، S_2 and S_3 were included; irrigation water with electric conductivity of 0.5, 1.2, 3.5 and 7.5 (ds/m) respectively. Determining the irrigation time, was the same as the moisture content reached the RAW (Readily Available Water) level. Between the two irrigation intervals, the stomatal resistance of maize leaf, was measured by the AP4 prometer device. At the same time as increasing stomatal resistance, RAW was calculated and plots were irrigated. In the days of between two irrigation, was measured the soil moisture content of the plots at the depth of root development. The daily evapotranspiration of the plant, was calculated based on the amount of daily water depletion. For optimal calibration of parameters in the AquaCrop model, was used the method of Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). Among 16 treatments, 8 treatments were randomly selected for calibration and the rest were selected for validation. Results and discussionResults were obtained for evaluating the AquaCrop model at the validation stage. The root mean square error (RMSE) of soil moisture simulation, varied from 1.43 to 2.6%. The normalized error value (NRMSE) ranged from 4 to 6 percent. The AquaCrop model showed a similar trend in the evapotranspiration simulation. The root mean square error (RMSE) of evapotranspiration simulation, varied from 1.85 to 2.35 mm. The normalized error value (NRMSE) ranged from 3.5 to 4.5 percent. For yield simulation, RMSE was 0.34 ton. ha-1 and NRMSE was 0.65%. The value of the R^2, EF, and d statistics showed a good correlation between the data and the optimal efficiency of the modeling. Therefore, the results showed that the performance of the model was good in estimating the parameters. ConclusionsEvaluating the capability of the models is a great help to the agricultural sector planners, in estimation the parameters. In this research, evaluated the estimation of soil moisture content, evapotranspiration and yield of maize, under salinity and fertility stresses with AquaCrop model. The purpose of the model calibration was to nearing the simulated data to the real data (measured in the region). The obtained amounts for NRMSE and R^2 were less than 10% and greater than 0.9, respectively, which indicated the optimal performance of the model in this regard.


The problems of supply chains are research hot points now. And the evolutionary game theory gradually becomes a new and effective method to these problems. An evolutionary game model learning through imitation is proposed on the relationship between retailers' promotion and suppliers' inspection. It is found that the dynamics process and evolutionary stable strategies of this model equal to some type of replicator dynamics model's. But, there are differences of meaning and time scale between imitation learning and replicator dynamics. At last, a numerical example is studied to illustrate dynamic evolutionary process of this model learning through imitation.


With increasing temperatures, Schwinger pair production changes from a quantum tunneling to a classical, thermal process, determined by a worldline sphaleron. We show this and calculate the corresponding rate of pair production for both spinor and scalar quantum electrodynamics, including the semiclassical prefactor. For electron-positron pair production from a thermal bath of photons and in the presence of an electric field, the rate we derive is faster than both perturbative photon fusion and the zero temperature Schwinger process. We work to all-orders in the coupling and hence our results are also relevant to the pair production of (strongly coupled) magnetic monopoles in heavy-ion collisions.


PURPOSE: To prepare a propylene-ethylene copolymer in high yield with good rigidity, transparency and low-temperature impact strength, by effecting polymerization of a part of propylene in the first step, and then copolymerization of ethylene with the remaining propylene in two successive steps. COPYRIGHT: (C)1978,JPO&Japio


The common Puerto-Rican keyhole urchin, Mellita lata H. L. Clark, and the sea-star, Astropecten marginatus Gray, live in the uppermost layers of the sand of shallow beaches. The color in life, and various locomotor activities of the two species are described.


This survey questionnaire is realised within the international research project conducted in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Results of the survey will be completely anonymous. The results will be presented only in the aggregate form. The results and analysis of the data will be used for research and will serve scientific purposes only. We do hope you are able to devote some attention this this questionnaire. Thank you in advance!


Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self organized networks whose nodes are free to move randomly while being able to communicate with each other without the help of an existing network infrastructure. In MANET, the routing protocols have to route the packets depending on the MANET constraints such as battery power in addition to the shortest path. The limited battery supply to mobile node in MANET requires that the routing protocols utilize power efficiently and thus maximize the network life time. The energy aware deterioration in ad hoc networks is a very important aspect of the overall management of ad hoc networks. In this paper, the focus is on the reactive power-alert technique for communication between ad hoc network nodes by continuously alerting their energy status to neighbor nodes. Here the concentration is on reducing the energy consumption by proposing optimal path selection method. In this scheme a threshold value is set on the energy consumed by mobile nodes in ad-hoc network. If the energy level of any node/s in the network reaches a threshold level then such nodes are made inactive and inform other nodes not to establish connections with it in this sleep state. In this paper, experimental results and a comparative analysis are presented based on the use of this threshold. The result shows significant improvement in the throughput and routing load which in turn increases the lifetime of the network.


Based on the GWR model,the article establishes the geographical space weighted regression model GTWR based on Provincial Spatial panel data,and China's regional RD total factor productivity was calculated.Research findings show that:GTWR model than OLS model results more desirable;Space Contact extent to some extent affects the RD total factor productivity,The China's regional RD total factor productivity of OLS estimates is lower than the actual level;Regional RD in total factor productivity growth is mainly driven by RD capital,and RD personnel even impediments.


For the frequency converter manufacturers and users'reference,we will introduce high voltage inverter in the power plant auxiliary equipment application,and put forward some problems found in the actual running situation.


We review different approaches to quantum gravity in which spacetime is emerging. We discuss in some detail the proposals by G. Volovik and S. Lloyd and show how they differ in the way they treat time. We further propose an approach to quantum gravity in which the Einstein equations are derived rather then used. We call this approach Internal Relativity.


A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of α- tocopherol on pathological alterations experimentally induced by acute exposure of chlorpyrifos (CPF) along with E.coli infection in male albino rats. Thirty six male rats weighing around 100–120 g were divided into 6 groups of 6 each rats. Group I rats were kept as control; group II rats were intraperitoneally inoculated withE.coli. (0.3 ml) at 24 hrs prior to sacrifice. Group III rats were fed as group I and CPF (10.6 mg/kg b.wt.) reconstituted with 2 ml soya oil and given by oral gavage daily for 15 days. Group IV rats were treated with CPF same as group III and I/P inoculation of E.coli was same as group II. Group V rats were treated with CPF same as group III with Vitamin E @100mg/kg feed. Group VI rats were treated with CPF same as group IV and Vitamin E @100mg/kg feed along with E. coli as in group II throughout the experiment. Rats were sacrificed at 15th day by decapitation method.


Bis(cyanomethyl)phenylphosphine oxide was synthesized by reformatsky reaction between dichlorophenylphosphine and bromoacetonitrile catalyzed by zinc.The structure of the target compound was confirmed by FT-IR,MS,1HNMR,13CNMR,31PNMR.TGA analysis showed that the target compound has a high thermal stability.


To eliminate the geometrical defects and to reduce the damage caused by out-off-plane rotation of the end portion of the conventional buckling restrained braces, as well as introducing a new way to facilitate the construction and installation process, the experimental behavior of 5 proposed specimens as new type of all-steel tubular buckling restrained braces (AST-BRB) under cyclic axial


Abstract In an earlier publication1 it was noted that the sputtering yields of gold varied considerably over an initial bombardment period during which approximately 6 × 1016 ions/cm2 struck the target surface; above this dose yields became constant and agreed reasonably well with other sources of data. The present work describes a modified version of the original apparatus which allows up to one hundred experiments to be carried out in one evacuation under better U.H.V. conditions than previously attained. 0–600 eV Nitrogen (N2) ions have been used and, as the present technique allows measurement of total yields as low as 1012 atoms, a careful study of the sputtering yield-dose pattern has been possible. Scanning electron micrographs of the gold surface at various stages of the bombardment indicate only slight surface roughening. A model is proposed based on the development of dislocation loops which could explain the relatively long recovery time in the 600 eV yield which follows a short bombardment at ...


The operational characteristics of sailwings are discussed with emphasis placed on the importance of the trailing edge cable tension. The three dimensional aerodynamic characteristics were obtained from wind tunnel tests, and the results compared to determine the magnitude of the aerodynamic penalties paid for various structural simplifications. For the sectional thickness ratios, it is concluded that, while the basic double-membraned sailwing has exceptional aerodynamic performance, even superior for some applications to the conventional hardwing, any notable deviation from this configuration results in an unacceptably large performance penalty.


Based on the long-term objective of transforming Shanghai to a ecological city brought forward by Shanghai government,considering that ports network is one of the most typical urbanized sub-systems in the city,in this research Shanghai Port was taken as a sub-system,and a reasonable evaluation system for ecological ports was established.After the process of consultation and filtration,an evaluation system com- posed of 45 self-existent indices,classified into 5 guide-layers(ecological environment,economic profit,pol- lution control,environment management,social appraisal)and 10 factor-layers(atmospheric/audio environ- ment,biological resources,foundation quality,economic growth,production efficiency,recycling economy, pollutants discharge,clean production,environmental protection investment,public participation)was set up,and the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)method was employed to calculate the discrepant weight of each index and layer.According to the annual industrial statistics document of 2005 and the environment- resource investigation in the first half of 2006,a tentative evaluation on 15 ports of 7 good-species ports types(container,piece goods,multi-used,solid goods,foodstuff,liquid goods,and passenger transport)in Shanghai Port was carried out with the comprehensive evaluation index system.Then,some improvable measurements were suggested,such as the index selection,weight and grade estimation still needing the participation of many kinds of subjects;the government departments should establish information exchange platform with research teams to operate long-term evaluation works.At last,some non-quantificational fac- tors affecting the evaluation on ecological ports such as aquatic ecosystems health,sediment deposition,eco- logical risk and water-land landscape were put forward.


Some children mature into adults without ever feeling the pain of physical punishment, others are far too familiar with the bruises and stinging sensations from whips, canes, slaps, and paddles. Physical punishment not only occurs at home behind closed doors, but at school, a place where young minds learn to become a part of an educated, civilized society. Most people dealing with children perceive corporal punishment as either the way to successfully control children or as a last-resort measure.' The main issue that should be considered "in relation to discipline is how the essential processes used can contribute to a high level of intelligent socialization and character development in children."2 Educational systems across the world have been dealing with debates surrounding appropriate types of discipline for teachers and administrators. Arguments in favor of using corporal punishment to correct poor behavior emphasize the belief that fear and pain will promote good conduct by students.3 Arguments against corporal punishment, which are becoming more prevalent in today's society, focus on human dignity, emotional and psychological problems, and the effects upon the learning environment itself.' One major argument against corporal punishment is the failure of school officials to protect children from violence in school; thus denying them their right to be free from all forms of physical or mental violence and the full enjoyment of their right to education.' The right to be free from violence is one of the basic human rights afforded to adults and is a right children should be granted.'


As part of the Nansen Legacy project, waters north of Svalbard are studied. The warm and saline Atlantic water, brought northward by the West Spitsbergen Current cools and freshens as it flows eastward along the slope north of Svalbard, bringing heat and salt into the Arctic Ocean. Hydrographic CTD data are available from various cruises and databases, the main source here being the UNIS Hydrographic Database. Changes in the Atlantic water properties and its horizontal and vertical location on the slope and shelf are mapped from decadal averages of historical data from 1899 to 2018. The mean width of the boundary current following the slope eastward is estimated for five cross-shelf/slope sections from the decadal averages. An Atlantification is present from 1996-2005 to 2006-2018 with warmer and more saline water covering a larger area across the slope and reaching further east.


Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been used for centuries. Common methods include chiropractic, diet, yoga, and prayer. Though some methods have proven more successful than others, many have insufficient data to support claims of effectiveness. A survey of medical professionals involving twenty-seven CAM methods was conducted in order to evaluate modern perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine. They were asked their experience with CAM, their personal opinion regarding its effectiveness, and how likely they would be to recommend a CAM treatment to a patient. It has been hypothesized that more CAM treatments will be utilized in the future. This is most likely due to rising health care costs, greater individual exploration, and more data to support CAM claims. COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 4 Complementary and Alternative Medicine The History, Current Prevalence, and Future Projections


The objective of this article is to present an outline of a concept aimed at identifying the possibilities of using Lean Management foundations in determining the sources of irregularities occurring in university processes from the perspective of various stakeholder groups. A research methodology is presented that creates the basis for initiating programmes modernising university processes in line with the principles of the LM concept from the perspective of the most important stakeholder groups. Thanks to the obtained results, it will be possible to raise the general level of awareness regarding losses and their causes, which have a negative impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of a university's activities. This would give rise to the active participation of important groups of stakeholders in activities improving university systems. The research results will contribute to the development of management sciences with reference to the sector of public services by identifying the factors determining changes in university management systems in a manner consistent with global trends. It will also be possible to develop a theoretical model supporting the LM-based identification of irregularities and their causes in universities.


Cooperative intelligent transport systems and services (C-ITS) are based on periodical data sharing between cooperative V2X communication units (in-vehicle and roadside units, ITS stations) via a short-range ad-hoc network. All participants are able to acquire information several times per second from others such as position, speed and driving direction as well as intentions and event triggered messages like incidents and emergency braking. Roadside infrastructure can share traffic information like road works or speed limits. As such, C-ITS improves road safety and effectiveness of the transportation system while reduces harmful environmental effects. Transportation authorities and road network operators use cost-benefit analysis to decide on necessary developments. Taking into account only the momentary statistical renewal rate of the vehicle fleet (disregarding all handheld devices), a fully capable operation of such a system can only be predicted in more than 10 years. An overview of existing C-ITS use cases throughout Europe and a simplified comparative analysis of estimated costs and quantifiable benefits of such a system in Hungary is presented in this article. Our research assigned the first developments (i.e. technologies and use cases) in the next 1-3 year period to prepare certain parts of the public road network for CAV testing.


In the paper a dynamic model of intraocular pressure (lOP) signal has been presented based on results of bibliography analysis referring to anatomy and physiology of eye. Methods of lOP measurement have been presented taking into account their dynamic properties. Study results related to the influence of lop signal averaging time, as well as of tonometric transducer pressure force at the cornea have been presented.


Along with the mobile Internet growing up, mobile terminal device are becoming more and more multiplicity and the application development are become more difficult. In this paper, we propose a cross-platform application development environment supported by cloud service. This development environment abstract hardware capability makes developers needn't consider the hardware of target device, and it can generates different platform applications which run on different devices and service application run on the cloud. The cloud has the ability to provide service to four kinds of mobile device operating system and four terminal devices. At last, we implement the prototype of the application development environment and a campus application based on cloud.


Paleontology![Figure][1]

Dinosaurs followed a classic pattern of adaptive radiation as they spread across the planet.

CREDIT: JULIUS T. CSOTONYI

Dinosaurs were the dominant vertebrate on the planet for more than 170 million years. During that time, they dispersed and diversified into the


In this paper, we propose a novel method to map locations of interest by utilizing the "scent" model. Location-aware services are being actively developed as they are a key component in realizing the Ambient Intelligence (AmI) world. Our proposal provides the basics needed to create location-aware services including navigation and notification. Users' interests are loosely shared by mirroring the diffusion of a real scent, and the users can "sniff out" the locations that match their interests. Since our model is based on a simple physical phenomenon, data processing is tractable and its user interface is intuitive. Moreover, user privacy is protected by the random "wind" effect without reducing map accuracy. We conduct thorough outdoor experiments in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, to demonstrate our model; twelve subjects were given mobile phones with GPS devices. The results show that the "scent" model provides an intriguing map with which to locate points of interest, and that the developed applications are promising.


The analysis of radial velocities of interstellar spectral features: CH, CH + as well as 4964 and 6196 diffuse interstellar bands, seen in spectra of HD 151932 and 152233, suggests that carrier of the former is spatially correlated with CH while that of the l atter ‐ with CH + . A further analysis, done in this paper and based on the sample of 106 reddened OB stars, partly confirms this suggestion, showing that the CH column density correlates indeed much better with the equivalent width of the 4964 DIB than with that of the 6196 DIB. However, the strengths of the 6196 DIB correlate only marginally better with CH + than with CH.


Abstract For efficiency in a linear algebra course the instructor may wish to avoid the undue arithmetical distractions of rational arithmetic. In this paper we explore how to write fraction-free problems of various types including elimination, matrix inverses, orthogonality, and the (non-normalizing) Gram–Schmidt process.


Objective
To explore the effect of nursing quality control program on geriatric post-stroke patients.

Methods
Retrospective control research method was adopted to conduct this research in Shanghai Zhongyuan Nursing Home. Forty eight stroke patients who were admitted and discharged between November 2016 and February 2017 were enrolled in the experimental group, implemented nursing quality control program, and 35 stroke patients who were admitted and discharged between July 2016 and October 2016 were enrolled in the control group. The self-care ability improvement, limb function improve degree, hospitalization days and hospitalization expenses when they were discharged from the hospital were compared between the two groups.

Results
When the patients were discharged from the nursing home, the score of activity of daily living of patients in the experimental group was (6.15 ± 3.14) points, which was higher than that of the control group (0.28 ± 0.17) points, and the difference was statistically significant(t = -10.516, P 0.05).The average daily nursing cost for the experimental group patients was (25.16 ±3.68) yuan, lower than control group nursing fee (27.18 ± 4.54) yuan, and the difference was statistically significant (t =0.455, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Nursing quality control program for post-stroke patients can effectively improve their self-care ability and physical function, shorten the days of hospitalization, and reduce the nursing cost.

Key words:
Stroke; Quality control; Patient outcome


Purpose The valuable impacts of exercise-intervention in diverse type of cancer patients were rationally well-prescribed, though many experimental and review researches already performed in this fields. Generally, cancer-related fatigue and pain remains one of the most prevalent problems for cancer populations. Therefore, exercise has become increasingly significant in cancer prevention and progression. The purpose of this recent study was to analyze the combined exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, pain, quality of life and cancer prognosis in diverse type of cancer patients. This study analyses the safety and feasibility of exercise intervention in diverse stages of cancer patients such as early stage, advanced stage and even metastatic periods in cancer populations. we also wanted to know the impacts of dose-response trial of aerobic and resistance exercise on quality of life in cancer survivors. Methods we conducted a comprehensive PubMed/MEDILINE electronic database from Jan 2015 to August 2020. The reference lists of eligible experimental research articles and relevant systemic review articles were checked. Inclusion criteria were adult cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials performing well-tailored exercise intervention programs to diverse type of cancer patients, Using predefined search items 'exercise-intervention, cancer & immunology'. Based on reference search, more than 100 articles were identified whereas 30 research papers met the inclusion criteria and were well connected with exercise-intervention and cancer progression. we analyzed the connections between physical exercise and cancer intervention in the main text. Results Moderate to vigorous exercise (aerobic and resistance exercise) revealed to decreased level of cancer-related fatigue, pain, and cancer-related symptoms, however increased level of sleep quality, activities of daily living, exercise performance and health- related quality of life. Exercise intervention reduced pro-inflammatory markers and oxidative stress as well as insomnia, fatigue, pain symptoms whereas it enhanced the antioxidant systems and immune functions. In addition, home-based aerobic physical exercise might enhance muscular strength and quality of life in many types of cancer survivors. Psychological intervention also effective for reducing cancer-related fatigue and pain during and after cancer treatment. they might be the much better intervention than available pharmaceutical options. we believe that it is the related mechanisms of immune cell mobilization and activation such as NK cells which is induced by the activation of sympathetic system during and after physical exercise. Conclusion According to the aforementioned results, it was concluded that implementation of exercise intervention appear to be the best non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer populations, and also revealed to be safe and feasible in early and advanced stages, although not in the metastatic periods. Sometimes, psychological intervention such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) might be useful in reducing anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain and enhancing quality of life, quality of sleep for cancer populations. we can conclude, exercise-intervention might not just be prevention effect but might be therapeutics, however more studies are urgently needed to confirm the exercise intervention on the NK-receptors activation and immune connection of cancer populations.


As the internet has been widely spread, it becomes big issues that an excessive demand of unnecessary private information at web servers and invasion of privacy. Anonymous authentication technology is a solution of this problem. It can protect the personal information and guarantees the convenience which an internet gives in our life. Anonymous authentication is an authentication method based on a digital signature scheme offering anonymity such as blind signature, group signature, ring signature, traceable signature, etc. The digital signature scheme that providing anonymity had been being mainly studied for an application including an e-cash and electronic voting system, etc. But recently the digital signature method is studied in the internet environment with one of the anonymous authentication method for the protecting personal information. In this paper, we introduce a group signature scheme which is one of the signature schemes supplying anonymity and propose the anonymous authentication system structure using the group signature scheme.


The paper presents a new method for simulation of the cogging torque in a PM machine. The method benefits the numerical functions for modeling the magnetic system of the electrical machine. To compute the cogging torque by the numerical functions, it is necessary to model the permanent magnets and permeance of the machine. In this paper, we introduce two improved numerical functions to model them. The first one is capable of modeling the permanent magnet and it is called the MMF function. This function numerically states the MMF drop on the machine air gap respect to the angular location. The other function models the air gap accurately while the stator saliency due to the teeth is also considered. This function is called the permeance function. The described procedure has been tested on a constructed PM machine. Then the model is simulated and verified by FEM and experiment results.


The study attempts to explore the expenditure elasticities of various food items across the provinces of Pakistan while taking in to account the rural and urban regions separately. Household Integrated Income and Consumption Survey (hereafter HIICS) data for the year 2015-2016 is utilized. In addition, the household economies of scale towards the consumption are also being focused on the same lines. The study has made use of double log specification of Engel curve. The included 20 food items are appeared as normal commodities having expenditure elasticity less than one. All the expenditure elasticities have positive signs and are less than one which shows that all the food commodities are necessities and normal goods i.e. as income increases their expenditure will increase at a decreasing rate. The negative sign of the household size depicts that there is a negative relationship with consumption i.e. supports the notion that households with higher family size enjoy the economies of scale towards the consumption of food.


The reaction of Ag(I) nitrate with triphenylphosphine in methanol in 1:1 molar ratios and recrystallization in toluene resulted in complex of the formula [Ag(PPh3)2NO3]∙C7H8. The compound is a mononuclear neutral complex in which the Ag atom is in a tetrahedral environment consisting of two triphenylphosphine ligands and a nitrate ion acting as a bidentate ligand. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic P`1 space group and the molecular structure of the compound contained a distorted toluene solvent of crystallization.

 Key words: Triphenylphosphine complex, molecular structure, crystal structure, silver nitrate, toluene.


Innovative supermarket pharmacy programs can persuade customers filling prescriptions to shop the whole store. Results of a study, formulated by the Educational Foundation of the General Merchandise Distributors Council (GMDC), were presented at the Food Marketing Institute's 18th Annual Supermarket Pharmacy Conference in New Orleans.


There are gradients of conductivity and major ions in the coastal zone of the Eastern Georgian Bay of Lake Huron that appear to limit the spatial distribution of invasive dreissenid mussels. Rivers...


Power lithium battery is an important core component of electric vehicles (EV), which provides the main power and energy for EV. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle battery (E-cell), the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) are used to build the SOC estimation model of the E-cell, and the self-learning characteristic of BP neural network is used to correct the error and track the SOC of the E-cell. The results show that the average error of SOC estimation of BP-EKF model is 0.347%, 0.0231%, and 0.0749%, respectively, under the three working conditions of constant current discharge, pulse discharge, and urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS). Under the influence of different initial value errors, the average estimation errors of BP-EKF model are 0.2218%, 0.0976%, and 0.5226%. After the noise interference is introduced, the average estimation errors of BP-EKF model under the three working conditions are 1.2143%, 0.2259%, and 0.5104%, respectively, which proves that the model has strong robustness and stability. Using the BP-EKF model to estimate and track the SOC of E-cell can provide data reference for vehicle battery management and is of great significance to improve the battery performance and energy utilization of EV.


With the development of evaluation activities for science and technology(ST),the evaluating indicator system for ST is transiting from the sole indicator to comprehensive indicators,and the current appraising mode of the State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC) is to be improved.To meet the demands of large-scale enterprises in ST statistics and evaluation,the evaluating indicator system of SGCC was established.Based on the ST statistic data of 2003,the weighted sum method was used to analyze and calculate the comprehensive evaluating indicators of certain provincial power companies for their ST strength.


This paper demonstrates the conflict between a land use plan and actual physical development on ground in Kighir/Adeke, a residential neighborhood in Makurdi town, Nigeria. To accomplish this study the physical development plan of the KighirAdeke neighborhood was acquired from the Benue State Urban Development Board (BSUDB) and its land use activity details scrutinized. And using the layout plan as guide, a thorough inventory of physical development activities on ground in the plan area was compiled during field survey in 2010 with the aid of field assistants. This was then compared with the land use activity proposals on the plan to ascertain the level of compliance and or contraventions of physical development carried out. The Chi square statistic was then applied to test the significant level of the results. The result shows that while 40% of physical development in the area complies with physical plan, an overwhelming 60% majority of physical development contravenes the plan of the area; and that 85% of contraventions are due to conversions of undeveloped community facilities while 57% of the conversions are to residential uses. It has been recommended that government should play out its pivotal role of stimulating orderly physical development by promptly providing physical infrastructure as proposed by the plan accordingly. And that the development control agency should be overhauled and corrupt officials fished out then more personnel and machinery should be provided for the agency to be more functional.


This paper seeks to explore the intentional creation of social capital by two communities of entrepreneurs, with the aim of shedding light over the nature of trust and cooperation between competing economic agents. In doing so, this investigation will compare the institutions created in late Victorian England and Postbellum America to offer a reinterpretation of small scale producer capitalism in these two countries. Since the mid-1980s de-industrialisation, the shrinking of the welfare state and, for economic historians, the questioning of the Chandlerian paradigm have brought to the fore the importance of social networks capable of generating positive economic outcomes based on cooperation and trust. What underpins much of this literature is the desire to move away from static and monocausal notions of efficiency. The idea that economic "efficiency" comes in many forms was analysed extensively by Michael Piore and Charles Sabel when they launched the flexible specialisation manifesto in 1984. Flexible specialisation was intended as a strategy of permanent innovation, accommodation to ceaseless change, rather than as an effort to control it; a strategy based on flexible, multi-use equipment, skilled workers and co-operative arrangements between firms. Since the publication of The Second Industrial Divide


Utilizing chaotic waveform diversity is one method for the generation of signals which appear random, in terms of its first-order and second-order statistics, thereby appearing indistinguishable from background noise. This technology is clearly advantageous for secure communications through covert waveform synthesis. In situations where digital chaotic encoding is undertaken, the evaluation of the performance of the direct synthesis of such signals generally gives rise to comparatively high energy-per-bit-to-noise-power-spectral-density (Eb/No) measurements for reliable communications.


One case of diabetic ketoacidosis with irreversible cerebral edema in a 10-year-old boy is presented. Death ensued in spite of apparently adequate fluid, electrolyte, and insulin therapy, and it followed a brief period of clinical and chemical improvement suddenly and unexpectedly. Although the pediatric literature makes no note of this syndrome, a review of the general medical literature does reveal some scattered case reports which deal with a similar pattern.
 The pathogenesis is discussed with several mechanisms presented as possible factors. Suggestions are made regarding modification of therapy, but these are admittedly tentative and require further studies.


Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a major cause of heart disease, rare in developed countries, but of concern in New Zealand, where a unique feature is the prevalence of ARF among Maori and Pacific Island peoples. The incidence and prevalence of ARF in a population are modeled for the New Zealand case, where risks of contracting Group A Streptococcus or developing ARF are allowed to vary according to ethnicity, age, and ARF history. The critical parameter R0 determines whether a disease will become epidemic or not. A proportional treatment protocol is the most effective at reducing ARF.


A detailed evaluation of the fuel-burnup dependent power distribution and the scram reactivity for the PIUS reactor design has been performed. The analyses were carried out using the CPM lattice physics and NODE-P2 core neutronics/thermal-hydraulics codes, and are based on the information provided in the PIUS Preliminary Safety Information Document. Cycle depletion calculations were performed for a set of nine representative initial core loadings and the three-dimensional core power distributions were determined. These calculations indicate that the PIUS radial F{sub {Delta}h} and total F{sub Q} power peaking is stronger than that indicated by the PIUS reference-design values. The scram reactivity resulting from the injection of highly borated pool water was calculated for a series of time-dependent linear ramp and square-wave pool flows. The three-dimensional distribution of the borated pool water throughout the core was modeled and the spatial reactivity effects of the distributed boron were determined. For pool flows that increase as a linear ramp, the spatial reactivity effects of the distributed boron were very small. In this case, a constant core-average boron reactivity coefficient can be used to model the PIUS scram reactivity.


It is proved that under certain conditions,if ξ is given in the second mean value theorem of Stieltjes integral then limb→aξ-ab-a=kk+m 1/m.


The utility model relates to an air disinfection and freshening box for slowly diluting chlorine dioxide gases, and belongs to the technical field of a gas purifying appliance. The utility model is used for solving the sterilization, purification and freshening problems of indoor air. The utility model comprises a box body and a box cover, wherein the box cover is provided with a ventilation hole. The utility model is characterized in that the interior of the box body is composed of two layers, the lower layer is provided with mixing gel of chlorine dioxide disinfectant and spices, and the upper layer is provided with an activating agent container; the interior of the activating agent container is loaded with activating agent; the gel on the lower layer is communicated with the activating agent on the upper layer by fiber cores; a gas dissipating space is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer. The utility model is composed of the mixing gel of chlorine dioxide disinfectant and spices on the lower layer and the activating agent on the upper layer, the two layers are communicated by the fiber cores, activating agent solution is uniformly, slowly and stably soaked into the gel body of the lower layer of the box body in a capillary percolation method, and the chlorine dioxide gas and the fragrance are slowly, stably and continuously given off and are dissipated in the space. The utility model has multiple efficiency of air sterilization, purification and freshening, has no need of special men to watch and is an ideally indoor air disinfection and purification device.


Who was responsible for the renovation of the Pnyx and the reorientation of the bema at the end of the fifth century? Was it the Thirty Tyrants as accept, or was it the restored democracy after the expulsion of the thirty which was responsible? My purpose in this article is to examine evidence that the Thirty carried out the reorientation of the bema, to consider the idea that the Thirty was responsible for this rebuilding, and to generalize the physical remains of assembly place with the literary and epigraphical sources. The archaeological evidence for dating the reconstruction of the Athenian Pnyx as set forth by K. Kourouniotes and H. A. Thompson suggests that the beginning of the second phase of the Assembly place should be dated in the last few years of the fifth century B.C. They use literary evidence-a passing comment in Plutarch's Life of Themistokles-to establish a more precise dating. Plutarch stated that it was the Thirty Tyrants who had reoriented of the bema to face inland rather than seaward in order to discourage thoughts of the sea and Athens' maritime Empire. Therefore, they date the reorientation in 404/3 B.C.-the year in which the Thirty controlled Athens. The Pnyx may have been unusable whether the wall of the Pnyx had collapsed accidentally before the Thirty took over or after they came to power. None of the meetings of the assembly in 404 or 403 the location of which is stated in our sources was held in the Pnyx. The only attested meeting of the assembly during the oligarchy was held in the Odeion of Perikles. The two meetings of the assembly which was held in 405/4 just before the Thirty gained control of Athens met in the Theater at Mounychia. The Three Thousand gathered in the Agora to depose the Thirty. The democrates, after their return to the city, held their first assembly in the Agora, since they "came down" from the Acropolis. This suggests that the Pnyx was unusable at the time of the restoration of the democracy in September/October 403. Plutarch's anecdote is not the sort likely to have been invented. Plutarch's assessment of the motives behind the rebuilding to tum the speakers platform to face the land rather than the sea, on the grounds that the naval empire was the origin of the democracy may be wrong. But rather than dismissing his testimony entirely, we ought to seek a suitable historical context. Benefitting from the experience of the Four Hundred, the Thirty began their rule moderately. In the autumn of 404, they may have been willing to spend a small amount of money on the Pnyx, to show their good intentions. It is even possible that the Thirty authorized the rebuilding early in their reign as public relations trick to convince moderates and democrats that they intended to restore the democracy after purifying it. The Thirty may have intended oligarchic assemblies to meet on the Pnyx, to which access could be controlled at the rear entrances of the Period Ⅱ auditorium. The seating capacity of the Period Ⅱ was more larger than the size of the Period Ⅰ. The renovation belongs, then, to this early period, before a final decision had been reached about the size of the citizen-body. The civil war prevented the oligarchic from carrying out all their plans. We need not doubt that in the autumn of 404 the Thirty began with every intention of completing-a major alteration of the Pnyx. The construction looks hasty, but when the job was finished remains unknown. There is no direct evidence that the democracy rebuilt the Pnyx. But it might have been finished by the restored democracy.


This work deals with a complex of research which has been done on the management of the methodological scientific work in the institutions of the polytechnical education in Cuba. It is related to the necessity of its progress and development just to get better results in the scientific preparation of the teachers, their development and self development to high the quality of the educative. Teaching process, taking into account the new changings of the methodological work rules, that states the methodological scientific work as one of the two directions of the methodological work developed in Cuban Educational Ministry.


on arrival he went straight to bed, and remaiIned there for about a week, with a return of fever and diarrlhoea. I first saw him oni December 22nd, about three days after the commencement of a third attack, and fouund hiis temperature rising in a ladder-like manner suggestive of eiiteric. Beyonid a white furred tongue and slight reddeining of the fauces nothing abnormal was found, and all abdominial discomfort or disturbance was denied. On December 26th acknowledgement of diarrhoea led to the taking of a blcood sample, the local Italian pathologist reporting the Widal test negative for Ebert.h's bacillus and B. paratypihosa.s B, but doubtfully positive for B. pcxratyphosncs A; the blood culture was negative. There was no enilargement of spleeni or liver, anid tlle diarrhoea has at no time been accompanied by pain, gripinlg, tenesmus, or meteorism, nor has there been excessive mucus in the stools, anid only on one or two occasionis umdigested food particles. The pathologist reported that the stools contained fewer nicro-organisrns than normal, and there was no trace of typhoil or dTsenteric bacilli, the majority present being diplostreptococci. The definiitely undulatory niature of the fever had become apparenit by January 14th, but I rejected tlhe diagnosis of Malta fever. on the ground that it was hIghly improbable that it should haiv been contracted in, Lonidon, and tlhat the diarrhoea was unusual. On the other lhanid, it was difficult to assess the importance of the diairrloea on account of thle " nervous " attacks for years. As regards possibility of infection here, Malta fever seems very rare in Rapallo now, though sporadic cases occur in the port of Genoa twenty miles away. A specimen of the stools sent to Dr. A. A. Wilson of Monte Carlo confirmed Dr. Grosso's finding of a verv poor flora, but Dr. Wilson founid large quiantities of occult blood. As nio parasites or ova were found, lie concluded that the evidenice pointed to some type ofulcerative colitis, thoughl to tlhe naked eye the stools at no time suggested this diagnosis. On January 23rd Professor Nicola Peside came from Genoa in consultationi, and tltought there w:s some enlargement of liver and spleen, though the spleen was not palpable. He lealned towards a diagnosis of Malta fever. Dr. Grosso's report on a fresh sample of blood was as follows: Agglutiniation test clearly positive for two strains of Br. mnelitensis and one strain of Br. abortus of Bang up to a dilution of 1 in 800; absolutely negative for Eberth's bacillus and B. paratyphosus A and B. A day later one of the strains of Br. mclitcasis agglutinated almost com-pletely in a dilution of 1 in 1,200. As the Br. abortus of Balng belonigs to the same group as. the chicken cholera bacillts, and can attack tlle intestinal mucous membrane in man, and as Peyer's patches are not affected in Malta fever as a rule, and diarrhoea and blood in stools are infrequienit accompaniments, it would seem possible that in this case there has been a double infection, with the Micrococcus rnclitcn?sis predominating. Since the first injection of anti-inclitensis serum tlhe diarrhoea has completely ceased.


Abstract It is shown that in almost all nitrile carbon-atoms T1 depends first of all on the inter-and/or intramolecular dipol-dipol-relaxation mechanism. Only acetonitrile, as is already known, shows a remarkable dependence on the spin-rotation-relaxation mechanism. This influence is strongly decreasing with an increasing number of atoms, specially hydrogen atoms, in the molecule. The significance of the correlation time r is discussed extensively and the experimental results are verified by calculation of T1 using the viscosity and the inertial moments as parameters.


In recent years, scholars have been increasingly applying "behavioral" approaches to the study of Chinese politics. One interesting strain of this is the work of Lucian Pye and Richard Solomon, who stress the study of Chinese "political culture" analyzed mainly in terms of an "authority crisis." Solomon's explication is the more detailed and elaborate. Part of his thesis is that harmony and peace are "basic and enduring political values in the Confucian tradition," and therefore "questions of the handling of social conflict constitute a major area of tension in the Chinese political culture." The Chinese hopes for order and believes that this comes about only through strong authority; without such authority there is luan, "chaos." But the means required to exercise authority create resentment, and resentment becomes the basis for more luan.


This paper presents examples of consonant-vowel interactions collected from a group of Edinburgh children presenting with developmental phonological disorder. Three types of interaction are described: vowel conditioning of consonant production, consonant conditioning of vowel production and use of consonantal material to maintain vowel contrasts. Evidence of context conditioning in both consonant and vowel error patterns highlights the potential importance of assessing the child's sound system as a whole. It also raises the question of how far coarticulatory constraints play a role in phonological disorder. In this paper, the data are interpreted, where possible, in terms of production constraints and the degree of compatibility between consonant and vowel gestures. This approach represents one particular perspective and is not intended to preclude other perceptual and/or phonological accounts of the data.


The substrate selectivity of peptide-based artificial enzymes can be customized by combining molecularly imprinted polymers as binding sites with peptide nanofibers as catalytic moieties.


C306 type catalyst for synthesis of methanol at lower pressure should be sieved by griddle before filled into column in order to remove the powder. Middle sized fireproof aluminum ball is used to ensure the applying strength. The pipes are loaded with 20.15 m~(3) C306 type catalyst, of which 2.13 m~(3) catalyst is loaded in adiabatic layer. After the system is replaced and qualified to the request, temperature reduction of the catalyst can be carried out by means of low hydrogen method and the reduction rate can be controlled by reductive dewatering rate. The application results show that the catalyst has advantages of high mechanic strength, excellent flexibility, convenient reduction and simple operation, good activity at low temperature, wide temperature range, stable performance, and better selectivity. The content of impurities in coarse methanol low, and the reductive shrinkage of the catalyst is small, therefore the effective space of the methanol synthesis column is exerted sufficiently.


From the 80s in the 20th Century,journalistic theory broke the castigation of quotation jour- nalism and turned into exploring the system of theory.In the 90s,scholars focused on the learning itself to seek a scientific configuration of theory.In the new century,some scholars stepped in theoretic con- sciousness,leading to the coming forth of philosophic paradigm.


Objective: Few previous studies have investigated adolescents' knowledge of the services available to provide help with mental health problems. This is an important omission as knowledge about the availability of mental health services may significantly influence the extent to which adolescents with mental health problems receive appropriate help for their difficulties. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of mental health services among socio‐economically disadvantaged adolescents.


With the increasing speed of high-speed railway operations, the air pressure change of the train in the tunnel, aerodynamic effects on the high-speed train seriously affect the passenger aerodynamic comfort. A smaller tunnel blockage ratio and a higher vehicle sealing index can reduce the change of air pressure in the vehicles when trains are crossing each other in tunnel and improve the ride comfort, but it significantly increases the economic cost. With the ride comfort as a requirement, how to determine the tunnel clearance area and vehicle sealing index to minimize the cost is a key concern for high-speed railway design. In this paper, from the design of high-speed railway, firstly, on the basis of obtaining limited data samples of vehicle interior pressure change by simulation method, the proxy model of tunnel clearance area, vehicle sealing index and 3s extremum of vehicle interior pressure change is constructed based on Kriging method and their accuracy is analyzed; then, with the tunnel clearance area and vehicle sealing index as variables, based on the proxy model and optimization design theory, the proxy model construction of aerodynamic effect in the tunnel of high-speed railway and the optimization method of key parameters of high-speed railway are studied, which provides an important theoretical basis for the tunnel and vehicle design, and is of great significance to improve the passenger ride comfort of high-speed railway and reduce the manufacturing cost.