A reconfigurable analog integrated circuit architecture based on switched-capacitor techniques is proposed. The architecture consists of an array of opamps and programmable capacitor arrays (PCAs) interconnected by an interconnection network. The routing switches in the interconnection networks not only function as interconnection switches but also switches for charge transfer. This scheme minimizes the number of routing switches and the settling time of the embedded circuits. The architecture is also highly flexible and allows the implementation of various circuits including different types of data converters.


Some new characterizations of the generalized Bott–Duffin inverse are proposed by using range, nullspace and matrix equations. We extend the famous fact that the rank equation characterizes the inverse of matrices to the generalized Bott–Duffin inverse, and give its several representations. Additionally, we show the relationships between the generalized Bott–Duffin inverse and two classes of nonsingular bordered matrices and apply them to the Cramer's rules of two classes of restricted linear equations.


We analyze the high-temperature continuous-wave performance of 1.3 micron AlGaInAs/InP laser diodes grown by digital alloy molecular beam epitaxy. Commercial laser software is utilized that self-consistently combines quantum well bandstructure and gain calculations with two-dimensional simulations of carrier transport, wave guiding, and heat flow. Excellent agreement between simulation and measurements is obtained by careful adjustment of material parameters in the model. Joule heating is shown to be the main heat source; quantum well recombination heat is almost compensated for by Thomson cooling. Auger recombination is the main carrier loss mechanism at lower injection current. Vertical electron escape into the p-doped InP cladding dominates at higher current and it causes the thermal power roll-off. Self-heating and optical gain reduction are the triggering mechanisms behind the leakage escalation.


Explosions in recent years—atomic bombs, knowledge, and population—have produced changes affecting each of us in our daily lives. Much has been written about the social impact of the atomic explosions. The knowledge explosion has produced feelings of inadequacy and frustration from the rapidity of obsolescence. The population explosion has made it imperative that man learn to live with his fellow man. Many physicians have a tendency to shun social responsibility, and an attitude of "sociology for the sociologists" often prevails. That physicians neither can nor should avoid this responsibility has been aptly pointed out by Allan C. Barnes, the editor of Social Responsibility of Gynecology and Obstetrics . He writes, "this is not to say that the gynecologist-obstetrician can solve these problems alone, but neither can he hide from them." The book compiles the information presented at a conference in Baltimore. Facts about population explosions and means for its control are


OBJECTIVE: To screen the lymph node metastatic-related genes in human gastric cancer hy the low-density cDNA microarray technique. METHODS: A total of 15 gastric cancer primary and nodal involvement lesions were examined by a low-density cDNA microarray containing 23 genes and RT-PCR was used for the further verification. The correlation between the gene expression and invasion and nodal involvement were analyzed. RERULTS:Hybridization signals bad good specificity, which were seen for the house keeping genes (internal control) . but were not seen for the hepatitis B gene (negative control) and spotting solution only (blank control). The expressions of hTERT in the nodal lesions were higher than those in the coupled primary lesions (P=0. 001). With respect to the number of nodal involvement, MMP-7 and hTERT expressions in the primary lesions were higher in the heavier nodal involvement group (no less than 7) than those in the lighter one (no more than 6)(P=0. 001,0. 005 respectively). MMP-7, S100A4 and hTERT expressions in nodal lesions were higher in the heavier than those in the lighter (P=0. 000 05,P = 0. 007,P=0. 016, respectively), whereas nm23H1 and CDH1 were lower(P = 0. 013,P = 0. 001). With respect to the nodal type, in the primary lesions MMP-7 and Heparanase expressions in the small node isolation were higher than those in the big node fusion (P = 0. 022,0. 002 respectively). Whereas CDH1 expression was lower (P=0. 002), so did CDH1 expression in nodal lesions (P = 0. 046). In patients with MMP-7, Heparanase, S100A4 overexpressions and/or nm23H1, CDH1, KAI-1 lessexpressions or loss in gastric cnacer primary lesions, most cases were serosa involvement and the area of serosa involvement was biggish. CONCLUSION: MMP-7, hTERT, Heparanase, CDH1 correlated closely with nodal involvement in gastric carcinomas, and may be the molecular target for an early diagnosis of nodal involvement and treatment in gastric cancer.


In thе article it is discussed the results of research to identify and assess the relevance of the functional features use of modern virtual laboratory workshops as a system consisting of two components: subsystem and learning management subsystem. It is described the practical application of research results in the development of works VLW modeling of computer networks.


Abstract Data and data science offer tremendous potential to address some of our most intractable public problems (including the Covid-19 pandemic). At the same time, recent years have shown some of the risks of existing and emerging technologies. An updated framework is required to balance potential and risk, and to ensure that data is used responsibly. Data responsibility is not itself a new concept. However, amid a rapidly changing technology landscape, it has become increasingly clear that the concept may need updating, in order to keep up with new trends such as big data, open data, the Internet of things, and artificial intelligence, and machine learning. This paper seeks to outline 10 approaches and innovations for data responsibility in the 21st century. The 10 emerging concepts we have identified include: End-to-end data responsibility Decision provenance Professionalizing data stewardship From data science to question science Contextual consent Responsibility by design Data asymmetries and data collaboratives Personally identifiable inference Group privacy Data assemblies Each of these is described at greater length in the paper, and illustrated with examples from around the world. Put together, they add up to a framework or outline for policy makers, scholars, and activists who seek to harness the potential of data to solve complex social problems and advance the public good. Needless to say, the 10 approaches outlined here represent just a start. We envision this paper more as an exercise in agenda-setting than a comprehensive survey.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation type, in areas of brood, food and infested with Varroa destructor in lost colonies.18 colonies of Apis mellifera L. were analyzed. They were housed in hives model Langstroth and subjected to two types of dietary supplementation: 1creamy (ground granulated sugar, honey and pollen), 2 honeycombs. The areas of egglarvae and pupae, nectar, pollen and honey from bee hives were photographed and analyzed in AutoCAD software. The lost colonies supplemented with artificial food and pollen had egg-larvae (87,79± 70,38cm), pupae (228,46±192,94cm), nectar (1.219±149,58cm), honey (563,47±807,93cm) pollen (139,09±80,30cm) and percentage of infestation by V.destructor (10,50±4,30%).The colonies lost supplemented with honey combs egg-larvae (7,92±9,35cm cm2), pupae (60,71±63,94 cm), nectar (658,22±1.040,94cm), honey (122,62±49,45cm), pollen (53,58±72,39cm) and a percentage of infestation by V.destructor (14,40±1,56 %). The causes of the losses can be attributed in part to infestation by V. destructor.


This is a quasi-experimental study of the effectiveness of postrelease supervision in reducing recidivism among criminal offenders. Five-year follow-up information on three groups of inmates released from prisons in a northeastern state was examined. The three offender groups were inmates released on parole, on conditional release, and by mandatory expiration of sentence. The major findings of the study were the following: (1) The nature of the criterion variable used to assess success/failure in the community will affect the substantive con clusions of community follow-up research; the manner in which technical violations of parole and conditional release are handled is especially important; (2) the effect of supervision is dependent to a certain extent on the characteristics of offenders; and (3) overall, the effects of postrelease supervision on recidivism reduction are small. Implications for future follow-up research efforts are discussed.


Simple Summary Weaning calves from milk is a major process for young animals, and is also influential for farmers. Currently, beef cattle calves are always weaned by using the conventional method, where calves and cows are usually kept in the same pen for 90-180 days, mainly breastfeeding. But this may be negatively affecting the efficiency of the beef cattle industry due to the short-term appetite reduction, feed loss, and delayed growth in calves after weaning. Weaning strategies for beef cattle raised on milk have been minimally studied. In this study, we found that concentrate-dependent weaning can help to enhance the adaptation to the solid feed with advantages for average daily gain, dry matter intake, and feed efficiency. Early weaning did not significantly affect body height, body length, circumference of cannon bone, or circumference of the chest. Under the circumstances of this experiment weaning as soon as the calves can consume 750 g/d of concentrate was the best, which could provide useful information for future studies relating to performance of cattle. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weaning based upon different concentrate intake on growth performance, health, and antioxidant status of Southern Chinese Cattle. Thirty female calves were used in the trial. Weaning strategy was the primary variable of interest and treatments included weaning when a calf consumed 1000 (W1000), 750 (W750), or 500 (W500) g of starter for three consecutive days. All calves received colostrum within 4 h of birth and colostrum intake was monitored to ensure all calves consumed 1.5 L within 12 h of birth. Calves were then fed fresh milk up to 2 L/d for 7 days. Between d 7 and 13, calves were fed a liquid feed composed of 50% fresh milk, and 50% milk replacer (MR) at maximum rate of 3 L/d. For the remainder of the study, calves were provided 3 L/d MR. Concentrate (starter), and grass hay were available ad libitum starting on d 1. Milk, MR, starter, and hay intakes were recorded daily. Calf body weights and measurements were recorded at birth and every 4 wk until weaning. Average weaning ages were 48 ± 4.5, 58 ± 4.6, and 65 ± 4.8 for W500, W750, and W1000, respectively. Between wk 8 and wk 21, calves in the W500 and W750 treatments had higher (p < 0.05) starter intakes than calves in the W1000 treatment. Body height, body length, circumference of cannon bone, circumference of the chest did not differ with weaning strategy (p > 0.05). There was no difference in body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) on wk 5 when any of the calves were weaned (p > 0.05). In wk 9, BW of calves in W1000 tended to be higher than that of W750 and W500 (p = 0.10). However, calves in W1000 lost their BW advantage in wk 13. Calves' ADG was not different during the whole experiment period among treatments. Calves in W750 had higher plasma BHBA and the total antioxidant capacity which has been associated with a positive impact on health. Data in this experiment suggest that weaning when calves consume 750 g of starter can enhance ADG, DMI, feed efficiency, and selected blood parameters compared with weaning when calves consume 500 g of starter.


Company Y met with some problems in its pay system under the background of economic recovery stage. This paper analyzed the problems and put forward some suggestions on how to deal with the problems such as the reform of pay level design,high flexible pay model,and the salary adjustment mechanism.


Abbreviations Notes on Terminology and Translation Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Principles, Guidelines, and Particular Facts 2. Human Nature, Telos, and the Human Capacity for Excellence 3. The Development of Character: Human Excellence, Emotion, Neurobiology, and the Moral Virtues 4. Partiality, Universalizability, and the Function of Normative Theory Conclusion Bibliography Index


Gram-negative bacteria were collected from different clinical labs situated in Karachi. Of these 83 isolates, 99% were found resistant against one or more of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Most of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) having resistance to three or more antibiotics at a time. For ampicillin, 4.8% of the isolates were found Susceptible, 3.6% were Intermediate while 91.5% were found Resistant. For co-amoxiclav, 1.2% of the isolates were found Susceptible, 6% were Intermediate while 92.7% were found Resistant. For gentamicin, 3.6% of the isolates were found Susceptible, 10.8% were Intermediate while 86.7% were found Resistant.  For neomycin, 21.6% of the isolates were found Susceptible, 40.9% were Intermediate while 43.4% were found Resistant. For streptomycin, 1.2% of the isolates were found Susceptible, 18% were Intermediate while 91.6% were found Resistant.  For tetracycline, 15.7% of the isolates were found Susceptible, 45.7% were Intermediate while 53% were found Resistant. The study confirmed the presence of multidrug resistance in indigenous clinical gram-negative bacteria which is an alarming situation and needs development of effective alternative strategies for the treatment of infections.


This report presents the results of a study designed to characterize the work/rest schedules and sleep patterns of U.S. railroad train and engine service (TE however, limbo time increases total work time for variable workers. Although T&E workers report longer daily sleep than U.S. adults, they report poor sleep quality and high stress levels, particularly those with variable start times. Variable workers engage in supplementary sleep on workdays because of scheduling issues preventing them from planning adequate rest. Variable workers report being less alert than fixed start workers. The Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) model predicted variable start workers work at a slightly lower effectiveness level than fixed start workers. Although total work time at low effectiveness is minimal, the total number of labor-h at low effectiveness exceeds 10M annually for the industry.


During the past decade legislation has become one of the major weapons in the battle against discrimination. Dozens of states now have antidiscrimination laws, most of them of recent origin. Experience and analysis indicate that this is a useful technique, although not a perfect one, for reducing discrimination; and the indications are that the success of the present laws will result in more such legislation in the future.


INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is very rare in children constituting 3% of pediatric leukemias and 10% of all CML cases. There is a lack of uniform guidelines, though the leukemic biology and clinicohematological features are the same as adults. Since the advent of imatinib, treatment modalities have evolved. However the effect of long term treatment on the child and family are areas to be studied, especially in developing countries. AIM To study the clinicohematologic profile, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, follow up measures, impact of the disease on the patient9s education and the psychosocioeconomic compromise of the parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent from parents was obtained. All cases of pediatric CML were included. The patients and parents were interviewed and their medical records reviewed. The demography, clinical and hematological features at presentation, treatment, compliance, toxicity and follow up details were collected. The parents were provided with a validated questionnaire to assess the psychosocioeconomic impact. RESULTS In 2011 - 2014, 7 patients below 18 years of age were diagnosed to have CML. Incidence: 5.6 % of pediatric leukemias and 9 % of CML in our centre. 1 patient opted out of treatment; 6 are undergoing treatment and follow up. 3 (50%) were above 14 years of age, 2 (33%) between 10 and 14 years, 1 (17%) below 10 years. Male to female ratio is 2:1. The predominant presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, fever, weight loss and weakness. 4 patients (67%) complained of bone pain, pallor and throat pain. 4 patients (67%) had splenomegaly. All patients presented at the chronic phase of CML. 50% had WBC count less than 20,000/µl and 1 patient (17%) had hyperleukocytosis. FISH and karyotyping detected t(9;22) in all patients. RT-PCR for bcr-abl was done. All patients were started on upfront therapy with standard dose of T.Imatinib. None needed escalated therapy. Toxic symptoms noted were gastrointestinal intolerance, skin rashes, hyperpigmentation, bone pain, myalgia and cramps which were tolerable in 5 (83%) patients. 1 (17%) had to be hospitalized. The dosage was reduced and then gradually increased. 5 patients (83%) were compliant. RESPONSE TO TREATMENT AND FOLLOWUP 3 (50%) patients obtained full treatment response attaining complete molecular response (CMR) at 12-18 months, maintaining CMR at about 4 years of follow up. 2 (33%) patients are also responding well with major molecular response at 1 year (follow up 14 months) and complete cytogenetic response at 6 months (follow up 9 months). 1 patient showed treatment failure due to default follow up and loss of compliance. PSYCHOSOCIOECONOMIC EFFECT: 4 (66%) patients absented from school for more than 6 months and lost an academic year.2 patients who were above 14 years of age absented for a few months which did not affect their studies. 5 (83%) patients belonged to upper middle socioeconomic class; they travelled to the hospital by bus and met medical expenses by insurance and support from funding agencies and friends. 1 (17%) belonged to upper class who met expenses by himself. Of the parents of patients evaluated, 33% responded to feeling guilty. 16% felt guilt related to self, 33% felt guilt with regards to interpersonal relationships. 50% were depressed with 33% admitting to feeling gloomy, 33% feeling easily upset and 33% worried about the future. 50% showed difficulty in coping, 50% felt burdened, 50% felt their activities were affected. However, nobody turned to drugs or alcohol. 33% had problems in their interpersonal relationships; 17% had issues with family, 33% did not want to mingle with others. 17% felt stigmatized; 17% felt neglected, 17% felt their social life was disturbed. 33% felt economical constraints; 33% worried about making ends meet, 17% were required to sell/ mortgage assets. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In correlation with literature, pediatric CML is rare in our centre. Patients responded well with minimum toxicity to Imatinib when compliance was good. Schooling was affected by the disease. Parents showed signs of depression and difficulty in coping. The government should initiate strategies to provide psychosocioeconomic support to CML patients and family members so they may cope with the disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The literature on myelodysplastic syndrome combined with systemic lupus erythematosus is rarely reported. We reviewed and analysed the clinical data of a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome combined with systemic lupus erythematosus who had skin petechiae and fever as the main symptoms, and reviewed the relevant theories. There may be a close relationship between myelodysplastic syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, and further research is needed on the pathogenesis. When patients with autoimmune diseases (including systemic lupus erythematosus) presented with blood cell reduction,it is important to pay attention to them, and early bone marrow examination should be carried out to screen for the presence of hematological malignancies.


Preface 1. Setting the agenda 2. On the Origins of the Educational Terms Class and Curriculum 3. Schooling to Order: Jean Baptist de la Salle and the Pedagogy of Elementary Education 4. Adam Smith and the Moral Economy of the Classroom System 5. On Simultaneous Instruction and the Emergence of Class Teaching 6. The Recitation Revisited 7. Notes Towards a Theory of Schooling Bibliography Index


Nutrient losses are influenced by the soil tillage system. In general, nutrient concentrations in runoff are higher in soil conservation tillage systems, whereas the total nutrient losses are higher in conventional soil tillage. The NH4+ and NO3- losses in water and mineral nitrogen in runoff sediment were determined under natural rainfall in the following tillage systems: six years of no-tillage (NT6), nine years of no-tillage (NT9), nine years of chisel plow plus disking cultivation (CD9), nine years of plowing plus double disking (PD9) and nine years of plowing plus double disking without crop planting (BS9). The experiment was conducted on an Inceptisol (Haplumbrept) with a mean slope of 0.102 m m-1 from November 1999 to October 2001. In the treatments with soil cultivation a rotation of crops including bean, vetch, maize, and oat was used and, in crop succession, soybean, wheat, soybean, and wheat was adopted. Soil and water losses were higher in the conventional soil tillage than under soil conservation tillage systems. The NH4+ and NO3- concentrations in the runoff water from conventional soil tillage were lower than from soil conservation tillage, while the mineral nitrogen concentration in runoff sediment from the soil conservation was lower than from the conventional tillage treatments. Total NH4+ and NO3- losses through runoff water and nitrogen losses through the sediment were lower in the soil conservation than in the conventional soil tillage system.


The bifurcation of openings had always played a key role during the historical evolution of the Jingjiang area' economic development and Jingjiang-Dongtinghu' relationship.Based on the related chorography and historical empirical methods,this paper examines the evolved bifurcation processes of Hudukou,Tiaoxiankou,Ouchikou and Songzikou,which are still on the southern bank of Jingjiang River from Song to Qing Dynasty.This paper also clarifies some ambiguous views on the four openings.There has been various views on the time when Hudu distributary started breaching.In Late Song Dynasty,Hudu distributary was breached stably from Jingjiang.Tiaoxiankou was opened at Yuan Dynasty,and since then it was periodically opened and silted.Tiaoxian distributary was breached during Qing Dynasty untill Tiaoxian Gate was built in 1958.Ouchi distributary was breached from Jingjiang in Five Dynasties,and it had been silted up since Northen Song.Ouchi distributary was breached from Jingjiang again in 1852 when the Ouchi Bank collapsed.Songzi distributary had been breached from Jingjiang because of the collapse of Huangjiabu Bank before 1869.The results indicate that there had been a complicated evolution of bifurcation of the four openings.Therefore,it is necessary to examine the bifurcation of the openings on both bank of Jingjiang and clarify the ambiguous views.It will help us get a better understanding of the relationship between man and land,between Jingjiang River and Dongtinghu Lake,their trends as well.


Autism is a group of neuro-developmental disabilities. It has an early-onset and can be diagnosed up to 3 yearsof age. It is characterized by disturbances in child's socialization, communication and cognitive abilities, and anunusual repetitive and restricted behavior. The majority of subjects have comorbid conditions. Males are more1 affected than females.1 The prevalence of autism is increasing in the world that could be due to improvement in1 diagnostic procedures and awareness in public and its worldwide prevalence is around 1%.1In Pakistan, there is a lack of widespread awareness and understanding about autism. We do not have exactprevalence data on this disease in Pakistan. However, according to the Autism Society of Pakistan, there are2 probably 350,000 children with this disease in the country.2 But the actual prevalence is believed to be muchhigher. Many cases remain undiagnosed because of unawareness, lack of medical facilities and stigma that is3 attached to mental conditions in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the distribution of disabilities includes mentalretardation (MR), hearing impairment, visual impairment and physical disability. Autism is not considered as adisability in Pakistani society. Moreover, the term mental disability or cognition problem is considered as asocial stigma or disgrace. Therefore, many people do not disclose the condition to avoid stigma. Anotherimportant reason of undiagnosed cases is lack of medical facilities and untrained doctors that categories autism under intellectual disability that is another condition. Many people especially from rural areas opt traditional therapies or go to preachers for healing.


Rigid bronchoscopy (RB) was firstly used in Europe almost 120 years ago (1). Chan-Yeung (2) detailed the development history of RB and flexible bronchoscopy (FB) and emphasized the lower utilization rate of RB at present than that in the past word-widely. We agree that the current utilization of RB is significantly less frequent than that of FB all over the world, yet as an important therapeutic tool,RB is not only growing, but also becoming a standard choice in a certain sense.


There are scores of English language teaching centres in Bangladesh. They have mushroomed in Dhaka as well as other cities. They offer English proficiency courses with varied objectives. The popularity and usefulness of these courses are undeniable. But the quality of these courses is uncertain. No intensive research has yet been done to show the exact nature and quality of teaching in those centres. Moreover, the courses involve a number of problems: problem for teacher, problem for learners, problem of teaching methodology and teaching materials, problem of assessment and testing, problem of syllabus and curriculum. The current study has been undertaken to identify and observe the exact nature and quality of teaching in these language centres. The whole research has been undertaken in a qualitative method. Data was collected on the basis of materials study, class observation, interviews and questionnaires. Emphasis was given to direct interview of the Director of the Centre, teacher, and students to know the situation in the institutes/centres. The current study shows that although the courses involve a number of problems, in some way these language centres/institutes also have positive sides.


A pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of different percent water holding capacity(WHC) in soil on the fresh biomass and Cd concentration of lettuce,pH and NH4OAc extractable Cd concentration of soil.The results showed that soil moisture affected significantly(P0.05) biomass,shoot and root Cd concentrations of lettuce,what's more,there was a significantly negative relationship between shoot or root Cd concentration and soil moisture,a markedly positive relationship between shoot(or root) Cd concentration and NH4OAc extractable Cd concentration of soil.Shoot Cd concentration decreased 33% while soil moisture increased from 45%WHC up to 75%WHC.Soil moisture did not affect soil pH significantly.The significant difference of Cd concentration in lettuce shoot under the treatment of soil moisture was not caused by the difference of soil NH4OAc extractable Cd concentration,but by that of soil moisture level.Therefore,it is a green and environment-friendly measure for the control of Cd concentration in edible part of leafy vegetable growing in the vegetative soil moderately or slightly contaminated by cadmium to adjust soil moisture.


Creep of undoped and Mg-doped single-crystal LiF was investigated in the range 650 to 750/sup 0/C. The behavior observed is similar to that of pure metals. The strain rate was proportional to (stress)/sup n/, with n = 5.0 +- 0.4 at T = 650 and 700/sup 0/C and n = 3.60 +- 0.2 at T = 750/sup 0/C; n was independent of dopant level. The activation energies for creep were 2.09 +- 0.08 eV for undoped specimens in the intrinsic range and 2.60 +- 0.08 eV for doped specimens in the extrinsic range. A lower creep rate was found in doped samples than in undoped samples. However, the creep strain rates observed in heavily doped samples were not inversely proportional to the dopant level. The observations for pure LiF are explained on the basis of vacancy diffusion through the lattice. A model based on dopant cation vacancy complexes and binding of dopant to charged dislocations is presented to explain the behavior of the doped specimens. (auth)


This article investigated the effects of students' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about environment on environmental issue-based environmental problem solving in secondary school students. This article also investigated whether these factors are related to the environmental problem solving. Therefore, we first developed the test instruments to measure secondary school students' environmental knowledge, environmental beliefs, and environmental attitudes. Then, we developed the environmental issue-based teaching materials for secondary school students. The subjects participated in a environmental issue-based approach that consist of 3 lesson over an three weeks period. The results of this study presents that environmental knowledge and environmental beliefs are effective for the environmental problem solving in middle school environment class. First, secondary school students knew well ecological knowledge about environmental problem, and was entertaining most ecological beliefs. Second, secondary school students were having attitude which is most pro-environmental behaviors. Third, secondary school students are referring necessity of development partially about environment point at issue of country level. But, they were retaining situation of preservation about environment point at issue of area level. It's not easy to generalize these results because of many different variables, but the results suggests that teachers should make an effort to improve student's environmental problem solving ability applying environmental issue-based learning. And it's necessary to develop many kinds of environmental issues and teacher's instruction method to enrich problem solving ability in the process of environmental issue-based learning.


Cyberbullying is a form of harassment that takes place in the internet where a bully sends a harsh message to harass the receiver. In this study, a learning model is developed using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is usually used for image, and is then used to create a system for detecting cyberbullying in online game chat logs. Chat logs collected from Dota and Ragnarok were preprocessed and annotated. 60% of the data were used for training, 30% were used for testing the generated model and the remaining 10% were used for validating the developed model. After validation, the accuracy of the CNN model yielded to 99.93%. Based on the results of validation, the CNN model tends to overfit, even with regularizations applied, and was not able to generalize well. For comparison, another model was created using Naive Bayes and the accuracy yielded to 92.23%. It can be concluded that detecting cyberbullying using Naive Bayes is already possible, however, the accuracy is still not comparable to existing DNN models. While the use of CNN model results to overfitting, it is recommended to explore on other DNN architectures for online games chat logs.


Yakutites (polycrystalline diamonds with lonsdaleite admixture) from the Ebelyakh placer (Yakutia, Russia) have been studied by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and neutron diffraction in order to reveal their difference from tagamite-hosted diamonds of the Popigai impact crater. The yakutite aggregates are 2.0 mm to 13.0 mm in size and have a shapeless morphology or sometimes preserve hexagonal contours of primary graphite. Raman spectra are characterized by a broadened line in the region of cubic 3C diamond, which is interpreted as the sum of spectra from cubic 3C diamond and three peaks related to Lonsdaleite: 1338 (E1g), 1280 (A1g) and 1224 (E2g). On the surface of yakutites revealed the presence of a silicate glass film. The main elements are iron, silicon from the surrounding silicate matter. Neutron stress diffractometry showed the content of diamond and Lonsdaleite in the sample of yakutite by 50%, two cases of preferential orientation of two phases were recorded: (110) diamond // (110) Lonsdaleite; (111) diamond // (001) Lonsdaleite. Both yakutites and tagamite-hosted diamonds are of impact origin and share similarity in the phase composition consisting of more abundant diamond and subordinate amounts of lonsdaleite. Differences between them depend on the place of their formation. Yakutites were formed in the epicenter of the explosion and were thrown out of the crater at a distance of more than 550 km in radial directions, and from the vertical ejection - they got back to the crater. In tagamites, impact diamonds were formed simultaneously with the rock melting due to the shock wave that came from the epicenter. The presence of a silicate glass film on the surface of yakutites indicates that they were hardened after ejection from the crater. Yakutites represent distinct mineral fraction outside the crater. They are found as placers along with common diamonds and other detritus. Within the crater they are genetically related to suevites – tuffaceous component of the impactites and enter the crater placers due to the physical weathering of suevites. Tagamite diamonds practically do not occur in the crater placers, because tagamite is a very hard rock and in the absence of chemical weathering these diamonds can't be released. Thus, diamonds from tagamites and yakutites, having a common impact nature, differ in some properties determined by the place of formation and post-impact history.


While some feel pleasure, guilt, shame, freedom, or even ambivalence in terms of personal drug use, it is this complexity – this 'range of experiences' – that reveals the agency of users who are situated within structural and ideological movements in criminalization and medicalization. Breaking from these extremes, such narratives also afford a sense of normalization: that is, they make appear normal what already is normal. As Walker concludes, there is much to be gained from this recognition: further research on regular drug use, education for knowledgeable and pleasurable consumption, and increased harm reduction approaches. In this sense Ingrid Walker's High is important for critical research and activism against the oppressive drug war and to move towards a more socially just, albeit not-so-drug-free, United States.


Soil erosion is one of the most important problems during the construction of water conservancy projects.This paper researched on the problems of soil erosion based on the practices of the water conveyance project from diversion well to West River pump station in Tianjin.The writer analyzed the reasonsof soil erosion,predicted the possible soil and water loss and its hazards caused in the project,and put forward corresponding measures for the problems.Practice shows that the actions taken are successful and effective.It results in a large reduction in soil erosion and achieves good social and ecological benefits.Therefore,these actions are reliable to be used widely during the construction of other water conservancy projects.


Within the last fifteen years, scholars have shown considerable interest in the ritual life of women in antiquity, and have been particularly successful in recognizing the traces of women's initiatory rituals in various Greek and Roman ceremonies and myths. With regard to the Greek materials, the Arrephoria and Brauronia festivals have been treated in this light, as have two ceremonies in which details of the Demeter-Persephone mythos were reenacted: the Thesmophoria and the Haloa.


NPV and IRR are t he two most commonly used measures of project worth in investment decisions.It is often caused that inconsistent of evaluation results,as using different of methods in project worth in investment decisions.Domestic scholars have made in coordinating for that,the tedious calculations are main reasons for its popularization and application were restricted.In this context it is necessary for basic NPV and IRR in investment a comparative analysis,is very important for using in investment decisions.


Abstract We present partial positive results supporting a conjecture that admitting an equivalent Lipschitz (or uniformly) weak* Kadec–Klee norm is a three space property.


An overview of genotypic and phenotypic drug-resistance assays, or tests, are described. Genotypic assays identify changes in the sequence of nucleotide bases in HIV by detecting amino acid substitutions. Genotypic tests can only discern mutations already identified by researchers, and must be conducted on individuals whose viral load is a minimum of 500 copies. More sensitive tests should be available by the end of 1999. Phenotypic tests assess the ability of HIV to replicate when exposed to particular drugs, and may help researchers identify the necessary quantity of a drug to halt reproduction. Also discussed are HIV subpopulations which are often not detected by the assays, and may be resistant to certain drugs. Two clinical trials are cited, GART (Genotypic Antiretroviral Resistance Testing) and VIRADAPT, which observed benefits from conducting genotypic testing. A glossary of terms used in the article is provided.


Channel allocation is an important area of research in open spectrum networks which asserts a significant impact on the spectrum utilization and the fairness among users. This paper studies the optimization of channel allocation, considering multiple objectives. For each objective, a binary programming model is described. Then a new optimization objective called fairness constrained maximum throughput is proposed. To achieve this optimization objective, a unified binary linear programming (UBLP) model is constructed which is then solved by the simplex method and branch-and-bound search. The solution to this model satisfies a bandwidth requirement for each user, e.g., the bandwidth for each user is equal to or larger than a per-user bandwidth minimum, and the solution also maximizes the network throughput. We prove that given different per-user bandwidth minimum, the optimal solution to the UBLP model achieves specific optimization objectives, such as the maximum network throughput and the max-min fairness. For the proportional fairness objective, the solution to the UBLP model proves to be within a bound of the optimal solution.


Original article: Arden, R., Bensky, M. K., and Adams, M. J. (2016). A review of cognitive abilities in dogs, 1911 through 2016: More individual differences, please! Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25, 307–312. doi:10.1177/0963721416667718 In the fourth paragraph of this article (p. 307), the years for Konrad Lorenz's lifetime were given as 1903 to 1927. Lorenz's actual year of death was 1989. We are grateful to Dr. Wolfgang Schleidt for bringing this issue to our attention.


Timely medical and psychological rehabilitation contributes to the preservation of mental health and the success of further service of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia - police special forces, who served in combat, as evidenced by the results of clinical and catamnestic studies.


The Boothia uplift is an elongate northerly extension of crystalline rocks of the Precambrian shield into the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The structural grain of the crystalline rocks which comprise the uplift is northerly. This causes the uplift to have an over-all northerly trending elongate outline. Proterozoic to Upper Devonian sediments, which overlie and closely flank the Boothia uplift, form the Cornwallis fold belt. The structure of the Cornwallis fold belt is the result of movements of the underlying Boothia uplift, and for this reason the fold belt also has both a northerly structural grain and outline. Together, the uplift and the fold belt extend at least 600 miles, striking diametrically across the Arctic lowlands and Franklinian miogeosyncline. At various times since the Precambrian, the Boothia uplift has risen, lifting the Cornwallis fold belt with respect to flanking areas. Movements are dated from erosion surfaces and unconformities on the uplift and in the fold belt. In the southern part, the uplift is a simple arch, whereas in the northern, it is predominantly a horst, with a lesser amount of arching. Near-vertical faults bordering the Boothia uplift become high-angle reverse faults toward the surface, presumably the result of lateral spreading of the uplifted area. Such faulting commonly is exposed at the boundary of the uplift in the Arctic lowlands. However, in the much thicker, commonly incompetent succession of the miogeosyncline fold belt, structure is reflected as asymmetrical folding of the Cornwallis fold belt Published model experiments with fine, dry sands, in which a horst-shaped block was uplifted, have steep reverse faults at the boundaries, and strongly resemble the northern part of the Boothia uplift. A mobile belt encompassing the Boothia uplift and Cornwallis fold belt moved periodically, having six documented times of uplift relative to the flanking areas. These uplifts occurred in (1) Precambrian, (2) pre-Middle Cambrian, (3) mid-Early Devonian, (4) late Early to early Middle Devonian, (5) mid-Late Devonian, and (6) Pennsylvanian or Early Permian times. Submergence following the mid-Early Devonian and the late Early to early Middle Devonian uplifts was the result of widespread regional submergence rather than relative depression of the mobile belt alone. The nature of the submergence which followed the other uplifts is unknown. Thus, in the geologic record, the Boothia uplift and Cornwallis fold belt have risen six times with respect to the flanking regions. However, although t ey were covered by sediments at various times and have narrow normal-faulted zones of down-dropped blocks, they do not appear to have sunk as a unit with respect to the flanking regions.


There has been work on language acquisition but such prior work was based on symbolic representations and non-incremental learning. Neural Networks are meant for incremental learning but their performance has been weak. This situation was mainly due to a "lack of logic" in neural networks. By language acquisition here we mean incremental learning from lifetime experience. Since developmental networks (DN) has clearly understandable emergent "logic" in terms of finite automata and Turing machines, this is the first work on language acquisition based on a clearly understandable emergent Turing machine. We show how symbolic words are represented by patterns instead of (handcrafted) symbols to simulate naturally grounded and emergent inputs. The context as states/actions are also represented by patterns to simulate naturally grounded and emergent inputs. Our work demonstrates that symbolic state features can be fully automated by emergent input-context pattern pairs. This is a step toward fully automated acquisition of language by a grounded robot, but we are not there yet.


Background: Due to the emergency responses early in the pandemic, the use of digital health in healthcare increased abruptly, yet it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustainable on the long term. We explore trends in digital health-seeking behaviour as proxy for readiness to adopt digital health as a mainstream form of healthcare. Methods: We use weekly Google Trends data from February 2019 to August 2021 in Canada, United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. We used five keywords to monitor online search interests in Google Trends: online doctor, telehealth, online health, telemedicine, and health app. Data are analysed using an interrupted time-series analysis with break-points on 11 March 2020 and 20 December 2020. Results: Digital health searches immediately increased in all countries after the pandemic announcement. There was some variance in what keywords were used per country. However, searches declined after this immediate spike, sometimes towards pre-pandemic levels. The exception is the search volume of health app, which showed to either remain stable or gradually increase during the pandemic. Interpretation: Our findings suggest that digital health-seeking behavioural patterns associated with the pandemic are currently not sustainable. Further building of digital health capacity and development of robust digital governance and literacy frameworks remain crucial to more structurally facilitate digital health transformation across countries. Funding: Not applicable.


ABSTRACT Through critique of concordance, we argue that popular U.S. newspaper articles about attachment parenting perpetuate the ideology of combative mothering, where mothers are in continuous competition with one another over parenting choices. Specifically, article writers construct a new, singular metaphorical mommy war between proattachment parenting and antiattachment parenting proponents by prepackaging attachment parenting and its debate, advocating for attachment parenting through instinct and science, and rejecting attachment parenting because of harm to children, relationships, and mothers. A minority of articles, however, avoided reifying this pro-/antiattachment parenting mommy war by exploring the complexities of parenting beyond prepackaged philosophies. We explore the implications of this new mommy war on ideologies of motherhood and the politics of choice.


Objectives To document the frequency of pathology in women who complain of postcoital bleeding. To determine whether negative cervical cytology excludes serious pathology in women with postcoital bleeding. To determine whether postcoital bleeding increases the risk of serious pathology in women with an abnormal smear.


This paper shows the potential benefits of simple tracking of solar system using a DC motor and light sensor. LDR sensors are used here to detect the maximum efficiency position and they sends signal to micro controller to adjust the position of the panels with the help of motor drive used. The output power received by the system using LDR control system is improves as compare to the system with out tracking applied. Index Terms Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Light Dependent Resister (LDR), Automatic Solar Tracking System (ASTS). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Using at least a first timer for the transmission and reception of radio resources within the first synchronization timing advance assigned to the group; and using a timer to a second radio resource within a second synchronization timing advance assigned to the group at least one of the transmission and reception of. Determining in response to the first timer and the second timer synchronized with the wireless network is not synchronized with the radio resource has been allocated a respective wireless network, for which the major component carriers to follow the first process in the second set of timing advance, and wherein for a non-primary component carrier within the second timing advance the second set of conditions following different processes. In one exemplary embodiment, the transmission message indicating that the second timer has expired to the wireless network. Detailed Description of the various differences between the two different embodiments of the process and how to send a message.


Hostages are captives of a peculiar sort. Rather than having been captured during war, they are in the hands of the enemy as free persons who have temporarily lost their freedom, either because they were given and kept as a pledge (for example, for the fulfilment of a treaty) or in order to act as a substitute for someone who has been taken prisoner1. The prisoner, usually an important person, can regain his or her freedom under certain conditions, usually by the payment of a ransom. When those conditions are fulfilled, the hostage is released. In the medieval period, the taking of hostages was linked to conquest, the establishment of treaties, and the submission of rebels. The Spanish word for »hostage« (rehén, pl. rehenes) derives from the Arabic root r.h.n (which produces, in Classical Arabic, rāhin, pl. rahāʾin)2, and this origin attests to the fact that the practice of taking hostages was widespread in medieval Iberia and more generally in the Mediterranean3. The Muslims had not, however, invented it4. We lack specific studies dealing with hostages in Islamic lands and the procedures related to their taking and release, as well as their life as hostages, in spite of the fact that medieval historical and, more generally, literary sources are full of references to this widespread, persistent, and accepted practice which had advantages for both par-


The catalytic performance of noble metals supported on zeolites and related materials such as Al-pillared clays (Al-PILCs) and mesoporous silica (MCM-41) for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene and benzothiophene as a model HDS reaction were investigated to develop highly active new HDS catalysts.Pt/HZSM-5, Rh/Al-PILM (montmorillonite), sulfided Rh/Al-PILH (hectorite) and Pt/MCM-41 catalysts showed high and stable activities for the HDS of thiophene which were higher than that of commercial CoMo/Al2O3 HDS catalyst. Pt/HZSM-5, Pt/Al-PILH and Pt/MCM-41 catalysts showed higher activity for the HDS of benzothiophene than CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst, indicating that these catalysts have high activity for the HDS of large organic sulfur molecules in petroleum feedstocks. Therefore, noble metals supported on zeolites and related materials might provide promising new catalysts for the HDS of petroleum feedstocks.Furthermore, noble metals supported on zeolites and related materials act as bifunctional catalysts for the HDS reactions, in which the noble metal acts as the active site for the activation of hydrogen to form spillover hydrogen and the acid sites of the support acts as the active site for activation of thiophenes. As the spillover hydrogen formed on the noble metals attacks the activated thiophenes formed on the acid sites of the support, the HDS reaction proceeds smoothly to form hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons. Therefore, the hydrogen activation of the noble metal and the acidity of the support must be complementary to develop much more active noble metals HDS catalysts supported on zeolites and related materials.


Bradley, S. M. (2010). The southern-most Ivy: Princeton University from Jim Crow admissions to anti-apartheid protests, 1764–1969. American Studies, 51(3/4), 109–130. Karabel, J. (2005). The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Boston: Mariner Books. Menand, L. (2001). The metaphysical club: A story of ideas in America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Soares, J. A. (2007). The power of privilege: Yale and America's elite colleges. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Thelin, J. R. (2004). A history of American higher education. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Washington, H. (2008). Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on black Americans from colonial times to the present. New York: Anchor Books. Zuberi, T. (2001). Thicker than blood: How racial statistics lie. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.


Excerpt Quinidine toxicity may develop unexpectedly when the urine becomes alkaline in disease or during alkalinizing therapy. Urinary excretion of quinine, the optical isomer of quinidine, is know...


Collaborative design,manufacturing and management are the inevitable trend of manufacturing development of the machine tool.In the designing and analyzing of the machine tool,there is a status of collaborate work for CAD/CAE.To save the designing and analyzing time,the design requirements of multi-users and multi-tasks must be considered.The task-tree structure is adapted to plan hierarchically,the model of collaborate tasks is established,and the dynamic task schedule method is used to arrange the CAD/CAE task in reason.Regarding the design of the numerical control lathe as an example,the validity of the involved theories and methods is verified.


The authors describe the design and administration of a large two-semester course in principles of economics that permits both students and faculty some choice of both subject matter and meeting times during the semester. Students complete a standardized nine-week core and are then allowed to select topical modules. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed.


In this study,the changes of leaf physiological metabolism and the recovery of fire treatments were studied. Using 6-year-old saplings of Betula platyphylla as the test materials,different parts( all the trunk and under branches of trunk) were fired under same fire intensity and fire time. The results showed that the leaves produced by lipid peroxidation and the relative water content( RWC),chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters( F v / F o,F' v / F' m,qP,ETR) significantly decreased in 0--10 days after fire treatment. The antioxidant enzyme SOD activity,POD activity,proline content and soluble sugar content significantly increased,which showed the fire resistance of B. platyphylla. After 10 days of fire treatment,the damage began to recover and the content of MDA began to decline,the RWC,chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter( F v / F o,F' v / F' m,qP,ETR) began to rise and reached control levels after 30 days of fire treatment. These showed equal compensation effects,and the content of MDA decreased to control level. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters( F v / F o,F' v / F' m,qP,ETR) were significantly higher than control after 40 days of fire treatment,which showed super compensation effects. Increased leaf photosynthetic capacity repaired the damage by fire of B. platyphylla. The proline content and SOD activity were significantly higher than control,which was a delayed reaction and was beneficial for the growth of trees under stress.


In view of the current manufacturing transformation, the Internet of Things is included in the "Strategic Emerging Industry Technology" industry category. The country calls for the application of the Industrial Internet of Things platform to sink into the actual production process. This paper designs the intelligent workshop IOT cloud platform based on micro-services. The workshop IOT cloud platform introduces the architecture design of the platform in detail. The framework is divided into three level: physical data sensing layer, data service layer and business processing layer. In the framework implementation process, role-based user access control is used to achieve user access control of platform resources. Using Nginx to achieve load balancing between resource servers. The successful construction of the platform makes the analysis and processing of a large amount of data in the workshop equipment is presented to the user in order, which is of great significance for realizing the digitization of the workshop.


Because of the active role assumed by the courts in Medicaid nursing facility reimbursement, and because that role changed over time, federal intervention in this area provides a useful window through which to examine the role of the federal judiciary in oversight of state health policy making. Findings support the proposition that because judicial influence extends beyond program outcomes to include the organizational structure and beliefs of key stakeholder groups, the effects of case decisions, and the statutes under which they are litigation, may be deeper and longer lasting than their usefulness as a litigation tool. Findings also support the proposition that neither the executive nor the judiciary acts in isolation but instead they serve as tandem institutions guiding federal oversight of state policy making. Data for this analysis derive from archival documents, secondary sources, and 101 in-depth interviews.


Purpose: The poor aqueous solubility of miconazole nitrate (MN), a broad spectrum antimycotic drug of interest, limited its dissolution, therapeutic efficiency and pharmaceutical applications. The current work aimed to widening pharmaceutical applications of MN and potentiating its therapeutic characteristics through the concept of multicomponent systems. Further, the work aimed to enhance the solubilizing and complexing power of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to reduce its amount required for MN solubilization. Methods: Multicomponent systems of MN with β-CD in association with polyvinyl pyrrlidone (PVP-k90), (MN/β-CD/PVP-k90), prepared by physical mixing, kneading and grinding method were characterized for their physicochemical, dissolution and antimycotic characteristics and comparatively evaluated by their corresponding binary systems (MN/β-CD). Phase solubility studies of different MN systems were also carried out. Results: The marked enhancement in MN solubilization and stability constants values of MN/β-CD/PVP-k90 systems clearly proved the benefit of PVP-k90 addition to increase the solubilization and complexation efficiency of β-CD toward MN. The results also displayed a progress reduction in MN crystallinity and a highly degree of amorphousity offered by MN/β-CD/PVP-k90 and MN/β-CD systems prepared by grinding method rather than kneading one. The extent of enhancement in the dissolution and antimycotic characteristics of MN displayed by its MN/β-CD/PVP-k90 systems was found to be higher than that of its corresponding MN/β-CD systems and increased by increasing PVP-k90 concentration to 5% w/w. Conclusion: The use of multicomponent systems of β-CD in association with PVP-k90 for solubilization of MN not only offer synergistic solubilization effects, but also it reduced the required amount of β-CD, which is good from the production economic strategy. The current work reflected the potential efficiency of multicomponent systems as an effectively economic approach for enhancing the therapeutic characteristics of MN.


William Heberden. Illustration by Venita Jay, MD, FRCPC. There is a disorder of the breast, marked with strong and peculiar symptoms, considerable for the kind of danger belonging to it, and not extremely rare, of which I do not recollect any mention among medical authors. The seat of it, and sense of strangling and anxiety with which it is attended, may make it not improperly be called Angina Pectoris.


We have determined the sequence of a 1,162base-pair DNA fragment containing a spoOF gene which is required for an early stage of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. The sequence has only one long open reading frame consisting of 173 codons, which has been confirmed to be the spoOF cistron by DNAmediated transformation and in vitro transcription. In UV-irradiated "maxicells" containing pUBSF13, the plasmid that carries cloned spoOF gene, we have observed the synthesis of a 20-kilodalton polypeptide that is absent from cells carrying a vector plasmid pUBl10. The molecular weight of this protein is in agreement with the calculated molecular weight of the spoOF gene product (Mr, 19,065). The putative promoter sequences ofspoOF gene were 5' T-A-T-A-A-T 3' at -10 and 5' T-T-G-A-T-T 3' at -35. An octamer sequence, 5' A-A-A-G-G-A-G-G 3', situated 8 base pairs prior to the initiation codon was found to be perfectly complementary with the 3' end of 16S ribosomal RNA. This result offers additional evidence for the proposal by Rabinowitz's group that an extensive mRNA-rRNA interaction is a requirement for efficient translation by B. subtilis ribosomes. One of the primitive forms of differentiation is represented by the formation of spores in certain bacteria. The formation of a spore follows a sequence of morphological and biochemical events. The process of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis has been investigated in detail (1, 2). A large number of sporulation-defective mutants have been isolated and their mutations have been mapped (3). These mutants have been classified into five types (spoO, spoIl, spolI, spoIV, and spoV) according to the stage at which sporulation of the mutant is blocked. Among these mutants, the spoO type is particularly interesting because initiation of the sporulation is dependent upon the products of the spoO genes. At least nine loci of spoO genes have been mapped (4) and a mutation in any one of these genes blocks sporulation before the morphological change characteristic of early spore development. Despite their crucial role in development, however, little is known about the spoO genes and how they control the initial events of spore formation. We recently developed a method, called "prophage transformation," for constructing specialized transducing phages of p1l (5) and 0105(6). To study the initiation of sporulation, we have used these phages to clone the early sporulation gene spoOF. The activity to transform spoOF was found in a 2.2-kilobase-pair (kb) EcoRI fragment of the transducing phage DNAs (7, 8). These transducing phages were designated pllspoOF and 4OSspoOF; upon lysogenization they could restore the ability of mutant JH649 (spoOF221) to sporulate. In contrast to the phage vectors, which exist as a single prophage genome, plasmid vectors such as pUB110 are known to reside as multiple copies (9). The multicopy plasmid pUBSF13 harboring the entire spoOF gene did not restore the ability of mutant JH649 to sporulate. This result indicated that the sporulation was inhibited, for an unknown reason, by the multi-copy plasmid (8). Rhaese et al. (10) proposed that the spoOF gene encodes a synthetase for a highly phosphorylated nucleotide adenosine 5',3'(2')bistriphosphate. However, the synthetase protein has not been isolated, and the true function of the spoOF gene in the early stage of the sporulation has not been discovered. In order to clarify the initiation process of sporulation, it is necessary to study the cloned early sporulation gene at the molecular level. In the present communication we report the location of the spoOF gene in a 2.2-kb EcoRI fragment, its direction of transcription, and its sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial Strains, Bacteriophage, and Plasmids. B. subtilis JH649 (trpC2, pheAl, spoOF221), which was supplied by J. Hoch (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA), was used as a host strain for a temperate phage 4AO5spoOF. The recombinant phage 4105spoOF which carries the spoOF gene was constructed by prophage transformation method as described (7, 8, 11). B. subtilis UOT0277 (hisAl, metB5, recE4, nonBi) was used as a host for plasmids. The recombinant plasmid pUBSF13 was constructed by inserting the spoOF-containing EcoRI fragment (OF fragment) of 41O5spoOF into pUB11O (8). Deletion derivatives pUBSFAB, pUBSFAH, and pUBSFAS were constructed in vitro by religation after the cleavage of pUBSF13 with Bcl I, HindIII, and Sac I, respectively. Restriction Enzyme Analysis. The recombinant phage 4lO5spoOF was used as a source ofDNA for restriction analysis and DNA sequence determination. After EcoRI cleavage, fragments were separated by electrophoresis on 0.8% agarose gel and a 2.2-kb EcoRI fragment which carried the spoOF gene was eluted according to the procedure of Yang et al. (12). The eluted DNA was further purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography according to the procedure of Smith (13). The restriction map was constructed by digesting the OF fragment with various restriction endonucleases. Restriction enzymes were purchased either from Bethesda Research Laboratories or Takara Shuzo (Kyoto, Japan) and were used according to the manufacturers' instructions with minor modifications. Purification of RNA Polymerase. Preparation ofRNA polymerase from cells of B. subtilis 168 (trpC2), harvested in early exponential growth phase, was carried out as described (14) except that: (i) the precipitate from the first ammonium sulfate fraction was dialyzed against bufferA [10mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0/ 10 mM MgCl2/0.1 mM EDTA/0.1 mM dithiothreitol/10% (vol/vol) glycerol] and then applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column; (ii) DEAE-Sephadex-purified fractions of RNA polyAbbreviations: bp, base pair(s); kb, kilobase pair(s). 658 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. NatL Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) 659 merase were made 70% with ammonium sulfate, and the precipitate was dissolved in and dialyzed against buffer C [10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0/0.1 mM dithiothreitol/10% (vol/vol) glycerol] and the solution was applied to a DNA-cellulose column. Samples.(25 Al) of the DNA-cellulose fractions were subjected to electrophoresis through a NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide slab gel and the fractions containing-core subunits and a a55 subunit were used for in vitro transcription studies. RNA Synthesis. The RNA polymerase was incubated at. 370C for 7 min with 0.5 Ag ofDNA template in a 40-.lI reaction mixture cobtaining 50 mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.8), 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.2mM spermidine, bovine serum albumin at 100 pug/ml, ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP at 0.1 mM each, and 0.6 AuM [a-32P]ATP (10 p.Ci; 1 Ci = 3.7 X 1010 Bq). The reaction was stopped by mixing with an equal amount ofphenol and the aqueous-layer was passed through a Sephadex G-50 column (1 X 10 cm). Radioactive, RNA was subjected to electrophoresis through polyacrylamide slab gels containing 7 M urea. DNA Sequence Analysis. DNA fragments were labeled at the 5' ends with'T4 polynucleotide kinase (Bethesda Research Laboratories) and [_y-32P]ATP (Amersham). DNA sequence was determined according to the procedures ofMaxam and Gilbert (15). The products of the "G","G+A","T+C","C", and "A+C" reactions were electrophoresed on 0.4-mm-thick 8% or 20% polyacrylamide gels. Preparation.and Labeling of Maxicells. B. subtilis strain UOT0277 (hisAl, metB5, recE4, nonBi) was used as a host throughout the experiments. Vegetative cells containing plasmids were grown in Sterlini and Mandelstam's resuspension medium (16) supplemented with 0.2% glucose and kanamycin at 5 pg/ml. Cells were harvested by centrifugation 1 hr after the end ofexponential growth and suspended in S ml ofthe fresh resuspension medium. The cell suspension was transferred to ,a 9-cm-diameter glass Petri dish and irradiated for 1 min at a distance of 25 cm from a 15-W germicidal lamp. After 3 hr of incubation, the cells were spun down and suspended in fresh resuspension medium. The cell suspension was incubated for 5 min at 370C. Then 2.5 ACi of ['4C]leucine (340 mCi/mmol) was added and incubation was continued for 20 min. The incorporation ofradioactive amino acid was terminated by adding nonradioactive leucine. The procedure of cell lysis was performed according to Hirochika et al. (17).


Horizontal fragmentation, from a public-values perspective, is a quite well-documented phenomenon in international (water) law. However, the literature does not provide any insight into vertical or substantive fragmentation, i.e. differences in the protection of public values at the various institutional levels. This article assesses whether there is substantive fragmentation in water law at the international, the European, the sub-regional (Danube River Basin), and the Dutch domestic level. To this end, first a working definition of the concept of 'public water values' will be formulated. Subsequently, this article will draw conclusions regarding the degree of substantive fragmentation in water law across the institutional levels mentioned, based on an in-depth analysis of relevant sources of water law. The article will not present an exhaustive overview of public water values, but elaborates on a number of core values in water law.


It is as difficult to precisely determine the strength of a light of glass as it is to accurately quantify the magnitude of loads which it will have to support during its lifetime. But, breakage will occur if the applied load exceeds the glass strength. A glass fracture starts at an origin point and grows, either slowly, or too rapidly (faster than the speed of sound in air) to be followed by eye. Close examination of fracture fragments at the origin can reveal much about the magnitude of excessive loads applied at the time of fracture and their resulting stresses. Understanding the cause of breakage then allows appropriate corrective measures to be applied to future similar glass designs where the probability of breakage can be made acceptably low and the consequences of any such breakage will be reasonable.


Polytechnics are bedevilled with myriads of problems that can jeopardize the attainment of their goal. Some of these problems are related to finance and equipment. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between strategic planning and goal attainment of polytechnics in Ondo State of Nigeria. The study used correlational research design and questionnaire was the instrument used to collect data from the respondents. The mean and standard deviation were used in analyzing the data while Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between strategic planning and goal attainment of the polytechnics. The findings of the study revealed among other things that there was a significant positive relationship between strategic planning and goal attainment of the Polytechnics. It is therefore recommended that the polytechnics should sustain and improve on the implementation of their strategic planning so as to continually achieve its goal in the face of challenges.


This article presents an outline argument for the strategic development of internal coaching capacity within NHS trust and social care contexts. This is in anticipation of the likely impactof reduced public sector spending on health and social care budgets, and the consequences of this on organisational leadership development activity in the future.


Begg's musical and electrical centre, with Begg's Ford Thames van parked outside. Possibly in Dunedin. Photograph taken circa 1960s-1970s by an unidentified photographer.
Source of descriptive information - Date and possible location from PA1-q-110.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print, 16 x 21.6 cm, on album page


This article traces the transformation of Huế from an open migrant society to a closed community from the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries through an examination of the village documents of Thanh Phước in Thừa Thiên Huế province. In Thanh Phước, the expansion of cultivated land reached its limits around the end of the seventeenth century. Subsequently, continuous population pressure resulted in the emergence of social groups with closed and fixed membership called làng and dòng họ after the eighteenth century. A significant feature of this social development was that the patrilineal kinship favoured by Confucianism was used to protect the vested interests of the earliest inhabitants of the village and their descendants. This indicates that the penetration of Confucianism among the common people and the development and stagnation of agriculture in early modern Vietnam were mutual, complementary phenomena.


In the development of lighter and more energy effective fluid power systems the losses and thereby the temperature of the fluid is of great importance. An electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) for aircraft applications is a good example of a system where this problem will be emphasised. The EHA consists of an electric motor, a speed controlled pump with low displacement, a cylinder and an accumulator used as a tank. In order to save weight no cooler is applied and there will be a risk for too high fluid temperature with failure of the EHA as a consequence. The aim of this paper is to present an analysis tool for calculation of the fluid temperature in hydraulic systems. Lumped parameter simulation models of hydraulic components for calculation of the oil temperature has been developed. The component models include pressure losses as well as volumetric losses. The fluid is modelled with respect to the influence from pressure and temperature on density, volume expansion and heat capacity. Qualitative comparisons between simulations and measurements show a good agreement and the simulation models are thereby verified.


In visa application procedures, I have no identity. My identity is my passport and my passport is my (only) identity. The institution of passport stripes you off of all layers of your identity and downgrades you into one 'political category'. You are only a political category as defined by the country where you are applying for the visa.


In order to maintain a stable track during low-altitude tracking Saab has developed a signal processing method. The stability of this method requires the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to be above a certain level. By utilizing the knowledge of the speed of the tracked target the moving target indication (MTI) filter response can be optimised and, hence, the SNR can be increased.


title PROCESS INTENSIFICATION FOR THE DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF ADIPIC ACID IN A MICRO PACKED BED REACTOR Author Shang , Minjing, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands (Presenting author) Co-author(s) Wang, Qi, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands Noël, Timothy, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands Hessel, Volker, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands View abstract data Background: Most industrial processes to produce adipic acid include two steps, i.e., an aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane to form K/A oil and followed by a nitric oxidation to obtain adipic acid. During this process, a large amount of N2O is produced as a by-product. H2O2 is a "green" oxidant since water is the sole byproduct and has a high oxygen content. So many researchers have started to use H2O2 to oxidize cyclohexene directly to produce adipic acid[3]. To the best of our knowledge, however, all reports concerning the adipic acid synthesis from cyclohexene and H2O2 were carried out in a laboratory batch reactor, which need long reaction times and is not easy to scale up. Aim: The focus of this project is on the transformation of the reaction from batch reactor to micro flow reactor, which should reduce the reaction time by at least an order of magnitude and overcome scale-up limitations. Method: The synthesis of adipic acid starting from cyclohexene and H2O2 was carried out in a micro packed bed reactor. The reaction uses Na2WO4•2H2O as a catalyst and [CH3(n-C8H17)3N]HSO4 as a phase transfer catalyst[4] without additional solvent. A parametric process optimization was done and the multi-injection of H2O2 was explored. Results: It is found that 50% wt H2O2 is much more productive than 30% wt H2O2 under the same condition. We found that the acid plays an important role in the direct synthesis of adipic acid. Under given conditions, an sulfuric acid concentration 0.63 mol/l is found to give the highest isolated yield of adipic acid. Based on the concept of Novel Process Windows, the influence of elevated temperatures is investigated and 100°C is shown to be the optimum temperature for the reaction, which results in almost 50% isolated yield of adipic acid when the residence time is 20 min (50% H2O2: cyclohexene: Na2WO4•2H2O: [CH3(n-C8H17)3N]HSO4 molar ratio is 440: 100: 6: 6). The decomposition of H2O2 was also studied and the result shows that the concentration of H2O2 decreased a lot even without reaction under 100°C. Conclusion: Compared to soybean oil epoxidation, which we investigate as well [6], generic learning was made – such as the even higher exothermicity and masstransfer limitations (need for phase-transfer catalyst) given for the direct synthesis of adipic acid; common to both and to overcome is the deleterious H2O2 decomposition (needing H2O2 excess or lowering yield). [1] Davis D.D. In Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed.; Gerhartz W., Ed., John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1985, Vol. A1, pp 270. Page 1 of 2 10/30/2013 http://www.eventure-online.com/eventure/publicAbstractView.do?id=207057&congressId=6293 Images [2] Catalytic Oxidations with Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidant, Ed. G. Strukul, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1992. [3] (a) Sato K., Aoki M. and Noyori R., Science 281 (1998) 1646; (b) Lapisardi G., et al., Catal. Commun. 5 (2004) 277. [4] Sato K., Noyori R., et al. J. Org. Chem. 61 (1996) 8310. [5] Hessel V., Chem. Eng. Technol. 32 (2009) 1655. [6] Cortese B., Croon M.H.J.M. de and Hessel V., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (2012) 1680.


As the rates of obesity continue to rise around the world, many in the scientific community are seeking to understand mechanisms by which obesity increases the risk of different diseases. In particular, the contribution of the immune system to metabolic processes has come to the forefront in the exciting new field of immunometabolism (1). Although this field encompasses interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells in multiple organs, at its core lays a unique interaction between macrophages and adipocytes. Although the interface of resident macrophages and adipocytes in lean mice is necessary for adipose tissue development (2), expansion (3), and homeostasis, in obesity, the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages is thought to impair adipose tissue function (4, 5). Thus, much research has focused on molecules responsible for macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue. In this issue of Endocrinology, Dib et al (6) report their findings that the adipokine leptin may be a key mediator of this recruitment. They show that mice transplanted with bone marrow from leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice, when placed on a high-fat diet, have reduced weight gain and adiposity, decreased macrophage infiltration, and subsequently diminished adipose tissue inflammation.

Adipocyte-released adipokines, chemokines, and fatty acids are known to modulate macrophage phenotype and function. For example, the adipokine adiponectin has been shown to promote a more M2-like phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), and thus, it helps to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis (7). More studies, however, have focused on the pathological mechanisms by which adipocytes increase macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue in obesity. An emphasis on various chemokines and their receptors has prevailed. It has been shown that chemokines, such as CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL5, and CCL3, as well as their receptors, CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), and CCR5, are important for recruitment of macrophages to adipose tissue (8–10). In addition, mechanisms by which adipocyte-secreted fatty acids and adipokines promote a proinflammatory M1-like phenotype have been extensively studied. For example, it has been shown that activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, such as Toll-like receptor 4, contribute to the inflammatory status of ATMs (11). However, despite the convincing nature of these studies from many different groups, there are equally convincing data showing that these same chemokines, receptors, and inflammatory mediators do not influence macrophage infiltration or inflammation in adipose tissue (12–16). With respect to leptin and the current report by Dib et al (6), we had previously used an identical bone marrow transplantation technique and shown that recipients of db/db bone marrow were not protected from weight gain or macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue (17). Moreover, an additional study by Fantuzzi and coworkers (18) had shown no effects of hematopoietic leptin receptor deficiency on body weight or adipose tissue inflammation in lean mice. Taken together, these cumulative data raise the question of why similar experimental designs from different laboratories yield contrasting results. This is a critical question, because deciphering the answer may yield important biological information regarding macrophage recruitment and function in adipose tissue.

We suggest that there are key elements that should be considered when designing, analyzing, and reviewing imjmunometabolic studies. First, the background strain is very important, because even slight genetic drift could impact the results obtained. This is highlighted by elegant studies of Dr Attie's group mapping out the genes involved in susceptibility and protection from obesity and metabolic defects in mice (19). Thus, the use of littermate controls is ideal, even if not always possible. Second, an accumulating body of literature suggests that gut microbiota may influence systemic metabolic responses far more than is currently appreciated (20). To account for this, cohousing of experimental and control mice should be performed. Third, matching the experimental and control groups for body weight at the beginning of the study is critical. Even small differences at baseline can become exaggerated over time for reasons related to inherent susceptibility to weight gain, rather than because the manipulation has had an important physiological effect. Fourth, even seemingly unimportant details may be critical. Some examples include: 1) sometimes certain cages of mice do not gain weight as well as other cages; 2) a single short event of cage flooding could stunt the growth of mice and influence their metabolic phenotype for their entire lives; 3) mice housed individually may not thrive as well as those that are group housed; and 4) mice from first litters of a dam may have different metabolic characteristics than those born to multiparous dams (21). Certainly, all investigators do their best to control for these variables. However, as a field, it is important to acknowledge that these factors can impact our results in ways that make the underlying biology more difficult to decipher.

The question still remains, "Does leptin influence macrophage recruitment and function in adipose tissue?" It is well established that leptin-deficient, ob/ob, and leptin receptor-deficient, db/db, mice have altered immune system function (22). A first line of evidence of the involvement of leptin in macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue is that ob/ob and db/db mice have lower numbers of ATMs than might be expected based upon their body weight (4). With regards to the influence of leptin on macrophages, it has been shown that high concentrations of leptin increase endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and promote macrophage adherence (23). Furthermore, we had previously reported that at lower concentrations, leptin acts as a monocyte and macrophage chemoattractant (24). Finally, plasma leptin levels are positively correlated with the number of macrophages in adipose tissue (17). Thus, testing the hypothesis that leptin could mediate macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue was logical for Dib et al (6), Gove et al (18), and our laboratory (17) to perform. The dissimilar results obtained could have been due to the age of the mice at transplantation (5 wk by Dib et al vs 8 wk by our group). However, Gove et al (18) used the same transplantation age as Dib et al (6), and they found no differences in body weight and adiposity. Second, the 45% percent fat in the diet used by Dib et al vs the 60% diet used in our study, as well as the length of diet feeding (12 vs 16 wk), could account for the difference. Finally, it is possible that the slight bias toward a reduced baseline body weight in the recipients of db/db bone marrow in Dib's study, although not statistically significant, could have had biological significance for the ultimate differences in weight and, thus, adipose tissue inflammation (6). Taken together, the conflicting data available document the complexity of leptin effects on macrophage recruitment and function in the adipose tissue, which might be influenced (even in a subtle manner) by a number of genetic and environmental factors and is probably more complex than initially anticipated.

In the past decade, the field of immunometabolism has made great strides in discovering the complex interactions of the immune system with metabolic processes. In the future, to continue the advancement of this field, publication of both "positive" and "negative" results from well-designed experiments, is critical if we hope to fully disseminate new discoveries. Perhaps, with the whole picture available, we will all be able to advance the current knowledge regarding adipose tissue inflammation more effectively.


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tag=8 data=ABORIGINAL CULTURE

tag=15 data=PAM


Accurate business performance evaluation is a key to success for enterprises. The purpose of this research was to analyze the current evaluation system for Taiwan thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT–LCD) manufacturers. Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) in combination with information entropy, more objective and reasonable evaluation results are obtained. This paper introduces entropy into the grey relational analysis weighting calculation method to improve the precision. The proposed method provides more flexible and objective information in determining the criteria weights vector. The study results show that the combined method has certain scientific rationality.


Abstract Cyclobutane and its halo-substituted derivatives and its heteroatom doped derivatives have been extensively investigated in this study because of the vast applications and interesting chemistry associated with them, the vibrational assignments, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, Conceptual Density Functional Theory, Quantum Mechanical Descriptors and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analysis have been explored in this study. The corresponding wavenumbers of the studied compounds have as well been assigned by Potential Energy Distribution analysis. Several inter and intramolecular hyperconjugative interactions within the studied compounds have been revealed by the NBO analysis with a confirmation of geometric hybridization and electronic occupancy. The compounds reactivity was observed to decrease down the halo group in manners such as the stability, both were observed to decrease from azetidine to thietane. The distribution of charge was observed to be affected by the ring substituent as observed from the charge population analysis; in addition, adjacent atoms are very much affected by the inherent properties of the substituted atoms. The NBO result suggests that the molecules are stabilized by lone pair delocalization of electrons from the substituted atoms and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) studies revealed that substituted halogens and doped heteroatoms are important and most probable sites of electrostatic interactions.


The project uses shape identification algorithm and Histogram of Oriented Gradient principle to detect and count the total number of mango on its tree using a quad copter with an attachable webcam. The traditional method in harvesting mango has its limitation which leads to the degradation of harvested mango's quality. As a result, the rate of production and the structure of the tree will be dampening. Hence, usage of image processing algorithm could be a solution for a better and more precise mango's pre-harvesting process. It differentiates the mango and its leaf based on the images captured on real scene and thus forecast the growth rate of the mango tree for time being. Tallness of the mango tree and location of mango would not affect farmer's capability to inspect the mango as the drone hovers according to user's intention. It is expected to provide an alternate review for the mango grower, agricultural developer and investor.


It is shown in experimental study that the coupled shear walls with stiffening coupling beams is superior to the common coupled shear walls in aseismic performance.But the available method of determining the optimum locations and the number of stiffening coupling beams is not presented currently.In this paper,several hypotheses based on the uniformly coupled shear walls are made.The restraining effect of weak coupling beams is incorporated to walls whose rigidity is expressed with equivalent rigidity.Thus,the coupled shear walls are simplified to coupled shear walls which only include stiffening coupling beams.The restraining moments applied to the walls are acquired through the equations of deformation compatibility at the locations of stiffening coupling beams.The top drift of structure is got with unit-load method.The optimum locations are obtained by maximizing the drift reduction caused by the stiffening coupling beams.Through analysis,we approximately have the relation of iH/(n+1),i=1,…,n,between the optimum locations and number,while the needed number of stiffening coupled beams is worked out according to the top drift of structure meeting the serviceability limit state.The method in this paper is both simple and practicable and can be applied at the stage of preliminary design.


A combined 250 and 9 GHz ESR study was performed on membrane vesicles composed of pure lipid (DPPC) and of DPPC:cholesterol in a 1:1 molar ratio using the end chain labeled lipid, 16-PC. It is shown that the 250 GHz spectra represent a "fast time-scale" such that the overall restricted motion of the lipid in the membrane is frozen out, but it is sensitive to the internal dynamics of the end chain. The 9 GHz spectra are, however, sensitive to the overall motion as well. This combined study thus permitted the separation of both types of motion. It is shown that the addition of cholesterol has a large effect on the end chain dynamics by restricting its motion while increasing motional rates, whereas its effects on the overall lipid motion are modest. This leads to a clearer characterization of the dynamic structure of the cholesterol-rich liquid-ordered phase as compared to the liquid crystalline phase. This study thus shows the significant potential of a multifrequency ESR approach to the complex dynamics o...


Runway Incursion Avoidance Systems (RIAS) are vital parts in the prevention of runway accidents at airports. Such systems depend on the accurate positioning of aircraft and ground vehicles. Today, RADAR is the predominant method, but a RADAR based system might be both impractical and too expensive for small airports. Additionally, the redundancy of several independent systems is sought after even at large airports. We investigate the application of a low-cost circular microphone array solution for acoustic detection and tracking of aircraft. The shape of the array yields 360° coverage with equal characteristics in all directions. An algorithm based on sweeps performed with the Capon adaptive beamformer followed by peak detection and thresholding is implemented for real time use. The performance of the system is tested at Evenes airport in Norway.


The aim of this study is to analyze the 5th grade on-line historical teaching materials with instructional objectives, contents, and teaching method and to suggest improvements of them. For this study, 131 materials of the 5th grade on-line historical teaching materials at the site for primary schoo...


In large-scale network, IDS can produce a large number of alerts. Nowadays there isn't an effective method to differentiate true alerts from false alerts. Confronted with this problem, we build a model for IDS alert analysis based on statistical decision. Through theoretical analysis, we find the optimal strategy: deleting alerts when FPP( False Positive Probability) exceeds some threshold, or sampling for checkup. What s more, we can work out FPP threshold and sample numbers. Theoretical analysis also finds that under some conditions the cost for alert checkup increases with FPP increasing. Together with them we construct FPP information network based on Bayes network to reduce checkup losses. Experiments demonstrate that some conclusions agree with our experience.


The conditions which guarantee the stabilization of stochastic-parameter systems by infinite-horizon certainty-equivalent controllers are generalized to the case of random matrices with possibly correlated elements. The same conditions are shown to be sufficient for stabilizability by the corresponding optimal controllers.


This study aimed to understand the similarity and diversity of Scolytinae and Platypodinae associated with mangroves in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. During 2012, insects were collected using traps with ethyl alcohol and ultraviolet light. A total of 1,226 specimens were collected and identified, belonging to 25 species and 13 genera; 22 species from 11 genera belonged to Scolytinae and three species from two genera belonged to Platypodinae. The species Coccotrypes rhizophorae, Micracisella opacithorax, and Microcorthylus minimus represent new records for Tabasco. The highest species diversity (H') was obtained in Sanchez Magallanes (SM), with 1.31, and the lowest in San Pedro (SP) with 1.16, without significant differences. The similarity index (Is) showed that SM-SP share the greatest number of species; something similar was observed in alcohol traps as compared with light traps. The species Xyleborus volvulus and Euplatypus parallelus recorded the highest abundance, equivalent to 75% of total, with 651 and 276 individuals, respectively. The use of ethyl alcohol traps allowed the collection of a larger number of species. This study provided knowledge about the composition of Scolytinae and Platypodinae in mangroves in the state of Tabasco; however, more studies are required to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the population dynamics of these species, particularly of those that could cause damage.


The present invention discloses a method for preparing aqueous coating and the metal surface of the steel sheet for color belongs to the field of coating technology. The method of preparing the coating is the epoxy resin, the high-speed mixed dispersion of titanium dioxide and 50% deionized water, stirred for 1 hour 30min, then this premix was milled to fineness ≤10 microns, adding an amino resin, adjuvants, diethyl ether and the remaining 50% deionized water, stirred for 30min after mixing was prepared. The aqueous coating for a metal surface of the color plate aspect of the present invention attached to the metal surface of the color steel plate has good wear resistance and strong hardness (≥4H). In addition, the coating also has excellent solvent resistance wiping, MEK using 1 kg weight, after wiping 200 times, is not open at the end.


Potato starch-based composite films were obtained by casting using potato starch,pullulan,gelatin as film-forming material,glycerol as plasticizer,ferulic acid as cross-linking agent.The effect of the contents of ferulic acid on physical and mechanical properties of composite films were investigated.The results showed that ferulic acid improved the mechanical properties and moisture barrier properties of the composite films,reduced the water-solubility of the composite films.However,it reduced the light transmission rate of the composite films significantly,and made the color of the composite films yellow.The properties of composite films containing 1% ferulic acid were better,the tensile strength was 14.33MPa,elongation at break was 9.36%,water vapor permeability was 4.52g·mm·m~(-2)·d~(-1)·kPa~(-1),water-solubility was 28.46%,light transmission rate was 77.37%.


In this work, a new fault detection method based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is presented for non-Gaussian processes. NMF is a new dimension reduction technique that can preserve spatial relationships corresponding and retain the intrinsic structure of original data. The basic idea of our approach is to use NMF to extract the latent variables that drive a process and to combine them with process monitoring techniques. A modified alternating least squares algorithm with an order constraint and a fixed initialization is proposed for solving the NMF problem. In addition, kernel density estimation is adopted to calculate the confidence limits of defined statistical metrics for NMF-based monitoring method. Afterwards, the proposed method is applied to the Tennessee Eastman process to evaluate the monitoring performance, comparing with principal component analysis and independent component analysis. The experiment results clearly illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.