Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator- 1 (PGC-1) designates a family of coactivators consisting of PGC-1α, PGC-1β and PRC. By associating with transcription factors like nuclear receptors, they induce transcription of target genes that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose uptake, gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Originally identified in brown adipose tissue, these coactivators are predominately expressed in tissues with high energy requirements (skeletal muscle, heart, liver, brain, kidney) upon stimulation with physiological stressors (exercise, cold, fasting). PGC-1's expression and function is therefore highly tissue specific. PGC-1α is to date the best studied of all family members.

One of the tissues high in energy demand is the retina; its photoreceptors convert light into a signal that can be interpreted by the brain. However, thus far the physiological role of PGC-1α has never been studied there. In the first project of this thesis, we consequently analyzed PGC-1α and to a certain extent also PGC-1β expression and function in mouse retina: We first assessed expression patterns of PGC-1α and PGC-1β. Second, we subjected mice with a global deletion of the PGC-1α gene (PGC-1α knockout = KO) and wildtype (WT) control mice to high intensity light compared to a dark setting and studied their retinae's morphology (histology), function (electroretinogram) and gene expression levels (microarray, real time PCR). We found the PGC-1α KO mice to display increased apoptosis and disrupted retinal photoreceptor structure compared to the wildtype (WT) control animals upon light exposure. The corresponding light damage could also be confirmed by ERG in some animals. Microarray analysis revealed downregulation of DNA repair and phototransduction as well as an upregulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, respectively in the KO animals. Finally, we confirmed in an in vitro setting that overexpression of PGC-1α helped alleviate apoptosis.

The role of PGC-1β in skeletal muscle has not been thoroughly studied either: More specifically, we wanted to address its role in glucose metabolism/ insulin sensitivity and fiber type composition as well as to identify exclusive target genes of PGC-1β in this tissue in the second project. For this purpose, we aimed at generating a skeletal muscle specific knockdown mouse: Different small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) and control, scrambled shRNAs against mouse PGC-1β were designed according to different design principles (shRNA vs shRNA-mir) and tested for their knockdown efficiency and specificity in cell culture. The most promising one was then inserted into a vector backbone used to generate adeno-associated virus (AAV). We decided to produce the AAV serotype AAV2/6, as it displays specific tropism for skeletal muscle (AAV2/6). Injection quantity, route and duration until onset of shRNA expression were optimized with a virus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The virus carrying shRNA was then injected into the mouse tibialis anterior muscle and after 3 weeks of incubation time analyzed for inflammatory gene expression. Semi- quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that expression of PGC-1β as well as of its downstream target genes was significantly reduced. In vivo testing of a skeletal muscle specific promoter, however, did not lead to a significant reduction of PGC-1β levels.

In summary, we showed that PGC-1α has a protective role in light induced apoptosis in the retina (project1).
In project 2, we showed that a reduction of PGC-1β in skeletal muscle leads to diminished expression of genes implicated in OXPHOS.


Hepatic atrtery stenosis is one of the vascular complications after liver transplantation that may lead to graft failure. Thus, early diagnosis and effective treatment is critical to prevent the occurrence of this complication. Here, we report a successful treatment of a lever-graft patient with hepatic artery stenonsis with a coronary stent. A 44-year-old man who suffered from hepatocellular carcinoma one year previous to admission received liver transplantation due to multifocal metastasis. However, hepatic artery stenosis over the anastomotic site with elevated serum aminotransferase was detected two moths after the surgery. He was treated with percutaneous transluminal hepatic angioplasty and coronary stent, with 0% residual steonsis and serum aminotransferase returned to normal range almost immediately. Early treatment of hepatic artery stenosis by stenting seems to be safe and effective in preventing severe complication associated with liver tansplantation. However, its efficacy as well as the morbidity and mortality rate of patient should be monitored by a long-term follow-up.


The paper aims to find out the social factors affecting women participation in sports. For the said purpose Author has gone through the studies around the world and tries to focus on those studies, which are closely linked with female participation in sports. Society expects males and females to adopt, believe in, and fulfil specific gender roles and stereotypes that have been established. Males are expected to be strong, independent, and athletic, whereas females are expected to be quiet, obedient, attractive nurturers. Society demands compliance to the enforced gender order. One specific area in which traditional gender stereotypes have been evaluated and analysed, is sports and physical activities. Comparing traditional female gender stereotypes with those of the 21st century women in sports, it is clear that female athletes are beginning to establish themselves in the sports world. Their ability to challenge sexist barriers and restrictive notions about women's physical appearance, athletic ability, and participation in sports, is evident through their increased involvement in sports. However, it is also true that traditional female stereotypes continue to prevail. In this paper, female athletic stereotypes, women's sensitivity to gender issues in sports, recommendations for increasing female participation in sports, and personal experiences with gender and sports, will be presented and discussed in relation to the impact female gender stereotypes have on girls and women who participate in traditional and non-traditional sports.


For the realistic simulation of structural engineering systems, the numerical model of a structural system must be complex enough to capture the detailed behaviors of the real system at various scales. The computation of such a large-scale simulation problem requires massive computing resources integrated together by advanced high performance computing technique. The Internet has revolutionized the way computing is done. Internet-based distributed computing is perceived as the most promising avenue to achieve further computing power. Virtually an infinite number of machines can be connected in this way, theoretically leading to unlimited computational capabilities. However, Internet communication is expected to be a significant bottleneck. To incorporate the Internet into distributed computations, the traditional parallel structural analysis procedure must be revised from the architectural level to minimize the amount of data being communicated and the frequency of data communication over the Internet. A new grid-based simulation methodology for the realistic simulation of structural engineering systems is proposed and investigated in this paper. Two levels of parallel processing will be involved in this framework: multiple local distributed computing environments connected by Internet to form a grid-based cluster-to-cluster distributed computing environment. To successfully realize realistic simulation in this computing environment, a large-scale structural simulation task is decomposed into the simulations of a simplified global model and several detailed component models using various scales. These correlated multi-scale simulation tasks are distributed amongst clusters and connected together in a multi-level hierarchy and then coordinated over the Internet to complete the realistic simulation. This paper also presents a software framework for supporting the proposed multi-scale simulation approach in a grid-based cluster-to-cluster distributed computing environment. The program architecture design allows the integration of several multi-scale models as clients and servers under a single platform. Such integration will permit the realization of more realistic simulations of structural systems.


As an area that has evolved into one of the industrial cities in Indonesia, Karawang has experienced rapid growth, especially in the fields of industry and business. This causes a change in lifestyle so that modern society is bornthat is synonymous with consumptive behavior patterns which result in new needs that are presented practically in people's lives, one of which is restaurant food needs so that growth presence of fast food restaurants in Karawang. Competition between fast food restaurants can result in the brands switch to customers, so marketing mix strategy (9P) is needed (Product, Price, Promotion, Place, People, Process, Physical Evidence, Packaging, Payment). This study aims to analyze the effect of the marketing mix on brand movement, the rate of movement of fast food restaurant brands (X, Y, and Z) at Karawang, and the right strategy for companies to win the competition. The Markov Chains method is used to predict the market share of a product from the level of transfer of fast-food restaurant brands in Karawang, while Game Theory is to determine the right strategy in the marketing mix in the face of shifting customer brands. Research results obtained from 113 respondents who are valid and reliable,with the relationship of the two low variables are negative at -0.083 interpreting that the marketing mix correlation with brand displacement has an inverse relationship so that the marketing mix of fast food restaurants increases, the customer's brand shift will be lower. The brand transfer rate is predicted to have a market share in the coming year of 33.2% X, 36.2% Y and 30.6% Z with competitive strategies that can be done by increasing the Promotion and Location of Fast Food Restaurants.


INTRODUCTION
Production of complex human recombinant proteins is an important issue in medical biotechnology. These proteins are mostly expressed in non-human mammalian host cells. This has some problems including non-human post-translational modifications, application of high-cost agents for inducing protein expression and low yields. Thus, it is necessary to use new expression systems to overcome the indicated challenges.

METHODS
In this paper, we hypothesize the application of promoter regions of cancer genes, which have a high rate of transcription in human cancer cell lines, for designing new expression vectors.

RESULTS
After designing, these vectors could be applied to produce complex hu-man recombinant proteins in the human cancer cell lines as production hosts.

CONCLUSION
Application of these expression vectors for the production of recombinant human proteins in the human cancer cell lines have some advantages including authentic post-translational modifications, proper-cost of commercialization, and high yields.


The author shows how road safety engineering methods used and proven in other countries have been successfully introduced in Hong Kong where accident patterns reflect the concentration of the population in well defined urban areas. Special problems are created by pedestrian activity for 24 hours a day; some shopping centres are open up to 11pm seven days a week. There are many pedestrian accidents, some sites had 30 to 40 per year with 20 or more having an identifiable pattern. Accidents have been reduced considerably since 1981, when a road safety division was formed to make greater use of accident data to study individual problems and provide specific remedial measures. Cooperation with the police has enabled the indentification and treatment of some 38 sites having a bad record of wet skidding accidents. Examples are given of the functions of the various sections of the division including an investigation into the effectivness of seat belts resulting in legislation making their wearing compulsory. Rapid relatively inexpensive accident counter-measures involving the determination of road markings, signs, traffic signals and skid resistant materials are adopted. (TRRL)


A conventional nitrification-denitrification system consists of an anoxic basin and an aerobic basin.In an anoxic basin denitrification occurs, and nitrification occurs in an aerobic basin.However, the pilot plant of night soil treatment, using the10meter deep aeration tank, has demonstrated its ability to achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification under anoxic conditions.Denitrification of nitrified night soil was achieved with night soil organics with addition of methanol.The concentrations of BOD and T—N in final effluents were both less than 10mg/l without dilution.The results of the pilot-scale studies suggest that:(1) Oxygen transfer rate in the 10 m. deep aeration tank is in the 200 to 400 mg/l. h range.(2) Oxygen absorption efficiency is about 60% in the 10 meter deep aeration tank.(3) BOD removal in excess of 98% and T-N removal in excess of 90% are achieved in the 10 m. deep aeration tank at T-N sludge load of 0.067 to 0.093kg·T-N/kg.SS.day, BOD load of 2.0 to 3.4 kg.BOD/m3·day, and disolved oxygen concentrations of 0.5 to 1 mg/l.


This study was an attempt to predict the value of some soil structure parameters of MWD and WSA% as a function of soil content ( organic matter , total porosity, sand silt, clay) at different of soil management and soil texture. Six  soil samples of the depth 0-30 cm were selected from three sites that different in texture of Clay, loam and Sandy loam  in Basra Governorate (Abi Al-Khasib, Madinah and Zubair). Three samples represented the treatment of soil management (soil cultivated with alfalfa crop for 7 years respectively), and the other three samples from the same sites for uncultivated soil (bare soil) with three replicates for each sample. Soil organic matter content, total porosity , mean weight diameter,  water aggregate stability percentage and particle size distribution were  measured. The results showed that the MWD and WSA% as a function of some soil constituents( organic matter, total porosity, clay, silt and sand )  was represented by a highly  significant linear equations. The correlation coefficients were highly significant  and positive for all the studied constituent except for the sand, which it was negative.The results also showed that the change in the WSA% was greater compared   with  the MWD  value depending at the changing of soil constituents. This is reflected in the increasing of the regression constants of the linear equations.The results show that the highest values of soil structural parameters were in the soil management treatment (cultivated soil) and increasing of clay and silt. The variation of the effect of soil constituent on both MWD and WSA% by using the linear correlation equation, The constituent were entered as independent variables to predict these two parameters in multiple linear correlation equations for soil constituents at a probability level of 1%.As this led to a very large increase in the values of the correlation coefficient, which indicates the possibility of using multiple correlation equations for the constituents of the study soil to predict the values of structural parameters.
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Keywords: soil management, mean weight diameter, water stability aggregate.


A novel complementary filter for three-dimensional (3D) attitude estimation is proposed. In order to deals with the nonlinearity of 3D attitude, the conventional complementary filter integrated the measured angular velocity corrected by the vector measurement, but it ignored the sensor dynamics which causes the lag. Authors' previous work compensated the sensor dynamics based on the idea that it can be divided into the linear transfer function and the nonlinear coordinate transformation. The properness and stability of the total transfer function are guaranteed by the designed filter inserted between the linear and nonlinear part. However, the disturbance strongly affects the accuracy of the azimuth angle due to the coordinate transformation. This paper aims to improve the estimation accuracy by combining the idea of correcting the measured angular velocity by the vector measurement and the sensor dynamics compensation only with the proper and stable transfer function. The characteristics of the proposed method are the following two points: 1) the relaxation of the complementary condition in order to make the non-proper and unstable function proper and stable, and 2) the filtering of the estimated vector by the sensor dynamics instead of the filtering of the measured vector by the inverse dynamics in order to avoid the magnification of the high frequency noise. Through the experiment for the fast and irregular motion under 5[Hz], the validity of the proposed method is verified.


The goal of the Q-weak experiment is to make a measurement of the proton's weak charge QWp = 1 - 4 sin2(θW2(θW2(θWWp by measuring the parity violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering at low momentum transfer Q2 = 0.026 (GeV/c)2 and forward angles (8 degrees). The anticipated size of the asymmetry, based on the SM, is about 230 parts per billion (ppb). With the proposed accuracy, the experiment may probe new physics beyond Standard Model at the TeV scale. This thesis focuses on my contributions to the experiment, including track reconstruction for momentum transfer determination of the scattering process, and the focal plane scanner, a detector I designed and built to measure the flux profile of scattered electrons on the focal plane of the Q-weak spectrometer to assist in the extrapolation of low beam current tracking results to high beam current. Preliminary results from the commissioning and the first run period of the Q-weak experiment are reported and discussed.


The Village Project Program –Independent Campus aims to empower libraries by implementing the national reading movement. This program is implemented through education and training, mentoring, service, and guidance, which are expected to be sustainable through the awareness of related parties, especially the government and regional libraries. These parties are expected to pay attention to village library facilities and infrastructure that can realize the national reading movement program.Besides, to support the national reading movement, the program is also directed at forming literacy communities, literacy lodges, and reading parks in Bone Bolango.The Freedom to Learn - Independent Campus Community Service Program with the theme "Empowerment of Village Libraries through the Implementation of the National Reading Movement" is implemented by prioritizing the principle of empowering local communities with the primary objective of program sustainability and public awareness of the importance of literacy. Therefore, after the Freedomto Learn – Independent Campus Community Service Program is completed, the community, especially the Youth Organization, can continue the program that has been run independently through the Subdistrict Literacy Community forum.Villages need to empower their assets both in terms of human resources and management of the sources of funds used. The focus of empowerment is to improve the community's quality in the literacy skills sector and a better institutional administration system in encouraging the development of reading culture programs.Reading culture in the village can make people have the ability to read from the start and encourage them to love reading. It is recommended for students who take part in Community Service Program in the following years to further improve communication with the community in order to make it easier to run the programs implemented in Tinelo, Bubeya, and Boludawa village


Objective. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in pediatric population has many causes. Some patients remain non diagnosed in spite of being fully checked. Our objetive is to analyze those patients whose etiology could not be found. Material ando Method. From March 2006 to April 2009 we studied 39 patients with ICH . Trauma and coagulation disorders were excluded. CT scan was performed to diagnose the bleeding, MRI and at least two digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were the methods of diagnosis. Results. Thirty-nine patients presented ICH. Twenty presented AVM, five aneurysm, one tumor, three dural sinus thrombosis. In 4 females and 6 males (ages 2 months to12 years) no etiology could be found. Six patients had headache, four sensory loss and two seizures. The cerebellar hemisphere was involved in two patients, basal ganglia in two, thalamus in one and five were subcortical located. Six presented intraventricular haemorrhage, and needed external ventricular drainage. Six patients underwent clot removal because of mass effect. All patients survived. Four remained with hemiparesia. Coclusion. In 25% of patients with ICH no etiology could be found in spite of being fully checked. The majority of them were between 6 and 12 years old. There were no children over 12 years. There were no deaths in this serie; therefore early surgery due to increased ICP seems to have a favorable outcome.


Soybean (Glycine max L Merill) is one commodity that is used as food, raw materials and animal feed industry. Transgenic soy products is a way to detect soy and its derivatives such products need to be developed. This study aims to find ways to identify soybean GTS40-3-2 containing the resistance gene to the herbicide active ingredient glyphosate with using glyphosate herbicide active ingredient and the detection of the presence of the glyphosate tolerang genes in soybean GTS 40-3-2 (gene CP4) via PCR. Furthermore, DNA from leaves, roots, and the cotyledons of soybean imports in isolation and used as a template to identify the presence of glyphosate tolerang genes using PCR. Actin gene was used as an internal control. PCR can be performed using the template DNA concentration in the range of 13-39 to detect the CP4 gene with primer annealing temperature of 58 ° C and 30 seconds extension. The existence of CP4 and actin genes can be detected together when starting with 5 cycles of PCR using specific primers 35S-CP4 area and followed 35 cycles of PCR with the addition of specific primers for actin gene. The result of the application note that 100% soybean imports from the four regions keep alive 7 days after spraying herbicide active ingredient glyphosate, while soybean Wilis entirely dead.


During the 1970s and early 1980s most studies on corporatism indicated that corporatist policies led to lower unemployment and inflation and higher economic growth rates. In the mid- and late 1980s, however, voices claiming that corporatism is in "decline" became more and more frequent although hardly any empirical examinations were undertaken. The purpose of this study is to estimate empirically the influence of corporatist arrangements on macroeconomic performance and industrial disputes in the 1980s as compared with the 1970s and 1960s. This pooled time-series/cross-sectional analysis provides evidence that corporatist policies have not lost their capacity to achieve the desired macroeconomic goals in the 1980s; in addition, corporatism significantly reduces the number of working days lost. However, no evidence was found that corporatism leads to increased economic growth. There is evidence that economic growth is adversely affected by government outlays.


Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a mycobacterial infection that usually attacks the lungs and triggers lung damage and dysfunction related to the reléase of IL-17, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). This study aims to evaluate the correlation between serum IL-17 levels with ESR and CRP levels in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis at Sanglah Central General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 56 TB patients treated as new pulmonary TB cases in Outpatient and Inpatient Internal Medicine at Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. IL-17 levels in this study were the results of IL-17 examination from patient serum using the ELISA method from R&Dsystems with units of pg/mL. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) in this study is the rate of blood deposition in mm/hour using a Westergreen tube. Meanwhile, the C-Reactive Protein (CRP) examination was carried out using a Roche 6000 analyzer in mg/dL. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 for Windows.
Results: Most respondents are female (75.0%) and the 30-34 years old group (26.8%). The mean value of ESR is 40.39±25.86 mm/hour, followed by CRP (9.95±10.01 mg/dL), and IL-17 (15.21±1.20 pg/mL). There is no significant correlation between ESR to CRP (r=0.069; p=0.613) and IL-17 (r=0.135; p=0.323). In addition, there is no significant correlation between CRP and IL-17 (r=0.168; p=0.215).
Conclusion: This study's results indicate no significant correlation between IL-17 levels with CRP and ESR or between CRP and ESR.


Cycloparaphenylene ([r]CPP) and cyclacene ([r]CA) series are models for short carbon nanotubes. It is shown that armchair edges in model cycloparaphenylenes possess greater aromaticity and cyclic conjugation than do zigzag edges in model cyclacenes. According to Aihara's bond resonance energy (BRE) and Bosanac and Gutman energy effect (ef) measurements, cycloparaphenylenes are twice as aromatic as cyclacenes. The general solution of all eigenvalues of all members of the cycloparaphenylene series is given. The origin of the recurrence of some eigenvalues are determined. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


An automated two-beam interference Pluta microscope was used to measure the optical anisotropy or birefringence of polymer fibers. A sample of polypropylene (PP) fibers was used and cold-drawn to low draw ratios. The neck shoulder "necking" was micro-detected at draw ratio 1.3 and characterized using the measured thickness and birefringence along the drawn PP fiber. Birefringence profiles at different regions along deformed PP fiber were determined to confirm the effect of necking on these fibers. The influence of this phenomenon on the molecular orientation function of PP fibers was presented. The strong dependence of the birefringence on the thickness was formulated analytically at the necked zone of the drawn PP fiber. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007


The infrared spectra of the band of the 2Π–2Π asymmetric hydrogen stretching vibration in the three isotopic acetylene ions C2H2+ (ν3), 13C2H2+ (ν3), and DCCH+ (ν1) have been observed and analyzed. The high resolution infrared spectra were recorded using a difference‐frequency laser spectrometer as the tunable coherent infrared source probing an ac glow discharge. Velocity modulation, noise subtraction, and unidirectional multipassing of the infrared beam through the discharge cell provided high sensitivity. C2H2+ was produced in a gas mixture of H2, He, and either CH4 or C2H2, with a total pressure of ≊7 Torr in multiple‐inlet–outlet air‐, water‐, and liquid‐nitrogen‐cooled discharge tubes; C2H2 freezing precluded its use in liquid‐N2‐cooled discharges. Complicated by a strong perturbation whose maximum occurred at N'=15 for F1 and N'=14 for F2, the assignment of the spectrum of normal C2H2+ was made possible by (1) fortuitous discharge conditions which provided unambiguous discrimination of C2H2+ lines ...


(57) Abstract: In the electron tube based on cold cathode, cesium sources including Cs Cesium is introduced during the operation of the electron tube. The vapor pressure of the cesium compound, so that an adequate supply of cesium over in the cathode lifetime is ensured.


Objective:To report eight cases of acute cardiac tamponade complicationg percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and summarize the causes,manifestation and results of management.Methods: From Jan.2005 to Dec.2008,a total of 5 241 patients with coronary artery disease were treated with PCI in cardiology department of Beijing Anzhen hospital.Among them,8 patients were complicated with cardiac tamponade.Pericardiocentesis was managed,and surgical procedure was done when pericardiocentesis failed.Results:Total incidence of acute cardiac tamponade was 0.15%.The early clinical presentation of 8 patients was chest distress and hypotension.Pericardiocentesis was carried out in 7 patients.In 2 of them,surgical management was needed because of active bleeding.1 patient was dead due to not doing pericardiocentesis.Conclusion:Cardiac tamponade is a severe complication of PCI.It is very important to recognize and treat the cardiac tamponade as soon as possible.


Broadening the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) to the sales and other "soft" functions that support manufacturing opens new opportunities for raising productivity and lowering costs. In fact, seizing such opportunities can be far more fruitful than confining TQM to manufacturing: Up to 80 percent of the costs of poor quality are attributable to functions outside manufacturing.

In many industries, product quality is assumed to be high and equal among all suppliers. Competitive advantage (differentiation) is based primarily on the aura of information that surrounds and supports the product. Such information is transferred from customers to the supplier and from the supplier to customers by salespeople. To meet the requirements of TQM, that information must be timely, relevant, and accurate.


In Aristotle's theory,the good of polis is important than the individual good,but they are not opponent because the individual good can promote the development of polis.A polis can't be a good polis without the good of individual;in order that citizens possess virtue,the enlightenment is necessary.Only in the case that all citizens possess virtue,can the polis be excellent,and the politics achieve the highest good.


want to thank members of the International Reading Association's Commission on Adolescent Literacy for the development of this position paper, which was approved by the Association's Board of Directors in May 1999. Ironically, the Board approved this statement in the aftermath of the shattering violence at Columbine High School in Colorado a vivid and horrible testimony to the everdeepening crises in adolescent literacy. If only these young men had been touched by a book or a teacher, or had felt more connected with their school, perhaps none of this would have happened. As teachers and parents, we have to do things differently. This position statement is a start. We must begin with a clear message about what adolescents deserve. Adolescents are being shortchanged. No one is giving adolescent literacy much press. It is certainly not a hot topic in educational policy or a priority in schools. In the United States, most Title I budgets are allocated for early intervention little is left over for the struggling adolescent reader. Even if all children do learn to read by Grade 3, the literacy needs of the adolescent reader are far different from those of primary-grade children. Many people don't recognize reading development as a continuum. Moreover, schools have worked hard to re-


We develop a computational model of a holmium-based laser which produces robust mode-locking at 2.9 microns with peak powers in the tens of kilowatts, far exceeding current fiber laser performance at 1.5 microns.


Objective:To explore the treatment of bladder carcinoma.Methods: 406 patients with bladder carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.The positive rate of diagnosis was 90.6% by ultrasound B.and the positive rate of diagnosis was 98.7% by cystoscopy.Among all patients,287cases were treated by transurethral resection,40 cases were treated by partial cystectomy,and 73cases were treated by radical cystectomy.Results: 355 patients had been followed up for 1~8 years,235 patients were free of disease,recurrence occurred in 93 patients.26 patients died.1 patients with stage T4 tumor were survived.The total survived rate was 92.6%.Conclusions: For stage T1 and T2a tumors,it is safe by transurethral resection or partial cystectomy.Radical cystectomy is necessary for stage T2b and T3 tumors.


Aiming at the problem of the decline in self-alignment precision of the ship and the shipboard weapon systems in the presence of waves,a self-alignment approach which coarse alignment based on compass method and fine alignment based on center difference Kalman filter is proposed.The classic compass method can make the attitude convergence to a limit accuracy which the fine alignment algorithm can be tolerated with any initial error. The fine alignment algorithm based on CDKF can estimate the attitude error accurately with a relative large misalignment angle.The simulation experiment illustrate that the proposed approach is suitable for any SINS alignment without maneuvering with high precision and fast speed,simple realization.


Niels Stensen (Nicolaus Steno) (Fig. 1) was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1638.'-3 When he was 18, Stensen entered the University of Copenhagen where he studied under Thomas Bartholin, one of the seventeenth century's leading anatomists, and Ole Borch, a prominent chemist. After graduation, Stensen continued his education in Amsterdam, Paris, and Leyden. He became a leading participant in an intellectual movement known as iatromechanism (also termed iatrophysics or iatromathematics)? Arising from the ferment of the Scientific Revolution, iatromechanism represented a new paradigm that framed physiologic events in terms of physical and mathematical principles?. Disciples of iatromechanism, such as Santorio Santorio, Giovanni Borelli, and RenC Descartes, championed experimentation and careful observation as the chief methods for studying the structure and functions of living organisms and their component park7 Stensen made his first important discovery in 1660, while studying under anatomist Gerhard Blaes (Blasius) at Amsterdam. While dissecting a sheep's head, Stensen identified the duct that carries saliva from the parotid gland to the mouth. Soon, he became increasingly interested in the function of muscles and the heart. William Harvey had published his revolutionary theory of the circulation just 32 years earlier. In his classic book De motu cordis, the English physician and anatomist argued that the heart was a pump which propelled the blood through a circuit of arteries and veins.8 Many of Harvey's contemporaries, however, continued to embrace certain of Galen's and Aristotle's teachings, including the belief that the heart was the primary source of "innate heat" and the "vital ~piri t ."~


Good evening all. Thank you Chris Pearce. High among James's acknowledgments there is reference to 'the owners of Hobart's wonderful bookshops'. That is a sentiment and judgment which must have acclaim from all of us here. There are many, many such throughout the book.


Abstract The structural and dynamical properties of liquid Al91Li9 and Al91Li9M3 (M = Cu, Mg, Si) alloys are investigated by means of ab initio molecular dynamic simulation. Pair distribution function analysis suggests that the atomic distances of Li–Li and Al–Li decrease after addition of alloying elements. The additive Cu and Si are manifested surrounded by Al and Li and hardly meet each other owing to the effects of atom size and their negative mixing enthalpy with Li. The topological environments of Al and Li in Al91Li9 are changed significantly by adding minor alloying elements. The diffusion of Al and Li is hindered by alloying elements, among which Cu and Si play more significant role. Furthermore, the metalloid additive Si illustrates different effects from the metallic additive Cu and Mg on the diffusivity of Al91Li9 liquid alloys.


The Malaysian government has decided to halt all traditional classes as part of the pandemic control directives to control the spread of disease, which has a direct impact on institutions, instructors, and students. The sudden shift from a physical to an online classroom is creating the sense of isolation and lack of assistance that is frequently brought up by students when classes have low levels of student-instructor contact. The study used the quantitative method for data collection from 374 postgraduate students in Malaysian private universities. In order to test the hypothetical model, a PROCESS Model Type 4 mediation analysis was conducted. The proportional stratified random sampling technique— being the most straightforward and convenient method—was applied as the sampling technique for the study. The result showed that instructional immediacy is positively related to perceived learning and that perceived learning is positively related to course satisfaction. Furthermore, the result of the mediation analysis confirmed that the relationship between instructional immediacy and course satisfaction is mediated by perceived learning. The findings indicated that when instructors exhibit immediacy behaviors in interaction with students can encourage them to become more attentive, which boosts students' performance. Immediacy behaviors used by teachers can increase the psychological intimacy between them and their students, which improves student learning and satisfaction. This research has important implications for the design and delivery of online courses for postgraduate students in Malaysian higher education to boost retention and raise the standard of online instruction and learning.


Abstract Extract Sir, — In response to a number of requests to the Animal Remedies Board to explain the present situation regarding the application of selenium to pasture as a topdressing, it is hoped that the following will allay some of the fears that have been expressed and counter rumours which proliferate where facts are not completely known.


We appreciate Brugaletta and colleagues for their interest in our article.1 In their opinion, it cannot be excluded that endothelial dysfunction contributes to vasospasm, being a confounding variable in the diagnosis of coronary spastic angina (CSA) by the acetylcholine test, and that use of ergonovine instead of acetylcholine could differentiate between CSA and vasospasm caused by endothelial dysfunction. Coronary spasm can be induced by various methods, including intracoronary injection of acetylcholine, ergonovine, histamine, or dopamine; hyperventilation; alcohol ingestion; cold pressure test; physical exercise; and mental stress.2 Various factors therefore may be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary spasm. However, it is generally accepted that hyperreactivity of coronary vascular smooth muscle is the common underlying mechanism of coronary spasm.2,3 The precise mechanisms underlying the hyperreactivity of coronary smooth muscle, however, …


Clinical nursing education is the heart of a nurse's professional practice. Effective and exact clinical evaluation should be the first aim for all nursing faculties and clinical instructors. Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation is one form of objective evaluation method that includes both summative and formative evaluation components. Therefore the application of objective structured clinical evaluation in nursing students' clinical evaluation increase their competencies. Aim of the Study: To compare between objective structured clinical evaluation versus observational checklist in nursing students' clinical evaluation. Methodology: A quasi-experiment design was utilized. A convenience sample of fifty students from third year, Faculty of Nursing, Neelain University, Sudan, Tools; divided into two parts; first part includes Scio-demographic characters and student's clinical evaluation score by both methods and second part included the Student's Opinion regarding advantages of both clinical evaluation methods. Results: Mean of Student's Clinical Evaluation score by Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation was (24.42%), while by Observational Checklist was (20.72). The more than half participant students (66.0%) preferred Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation than traditional observational checklist in clinical evaluation. There was a statistical significance between the Student's Opinion regarding Clinical Evaluation by Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation and Observational checklist in many questions. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that clinical evaluation by Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation more objective method of assessment than the traditional method. Recommendation: Recommendation: Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation should be incorporated with other methods for evaluating undergraduate nursing students in all studying years.


A set of states in {sup 10}Be have very large {alpha} widths and very small neutron strengths. We review the data and investigate whether they are (sd){sup 2} states and/or {alpha} clusters.


Taking Taiyuan and surrounding materials and general mixing,vibration molding process prepared C80 high strength concrete with good performance,studied the influence of mineral total dosage and mix proportion to C80 high strength concrete strength and working performance,so as to provide reference for related engineering high strength concrete.


The welding distortions of large-scale structures are extraordinary complicated. If an effective tool of predicting welding distortion is available, then marine design and manufacturing engineers can use this to improve production quality and reduce costs. This article focuses on the comparative studies of welding procedure of a stiffened panel. An efficient thermal elasto-plastic finite element method–based procedure is developed to predict the welding deformation and residual stress of structures. A combined shell/solid model is adopted to enhance modeling and calculation efficiency. The welding process of a stiffened panel is simulated. Three welding procedures of simultaneous, successive and bidirectional welding are studied. The results show that welding distortion can be well controlled by adjusting the welding procedure.


Down‐regulation of AJAP1 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been reported. However, the expression profiles of AJAP1 in gliomas and the underlying mechanisms of AJAP1 function on invasion are still poorly understood.


Abstract Reduction of chloromethylphosphonates with lithium aluminium hydride gave a mixture of chloro. methylphosphine and methylphosphine, characterized by NMR, IR and mass spectra. Reduction of the same compounds by AIH, gave chloromethylphosphine as nearly the only product. Extension of this reaction to the C-substituted derivatives gave the corresponding α-chlorophosphines with good chemoselectivity.


Without impurity phases detected, fully dense (TiB2 + SiC)/Ti3SiC2 composites have been successfully synthesised by in-situ reaction hot pressing. The effect of TiB2 content on phase composite, sintering properties, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the composites were thoroughly investigated. With TiB2 content increasing from 0 to 50 vol.-%, the flexural strength increases first and then decreases, whereas fracture toughness, hardness and modulus show a linear increase. The maximum strength of 826 MPa was obtained at 20 vol.-% TiB2. On the whole, the (TiB2 + SiC)/Ti3SiC2 composites exhibit a superior comprehensive mechanical properties superior to other reported Ti3SiC2-based composites reinforced by singular reinforcement. The significant strengthening and toughening effect induced by the in-situ incorporated TiB2 can be ascribed to the unique properties of TiB2 and the synergistic action of many mechanisms including particle reinforcement, pulling out of grains, crack deflection and grain refinement strengthening.


Facial emotion recognition-the detection of emotion states from video of facial expressions-has applications in video games, medicine, and affective computing. While there have been many advances, an approach has yet to be revealed that performs well on the non-trivial Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge 2011 data set. A majority of approaches still employ single frame classification, or temporally aggregate features. We assert that in unconstrained emotion video, a better classification strategy should model the change in features, versus simply combining them. We compute a derivative of features with histogram differencing and derivative of Gaussians and model the changes with a hidden Markov model. We are the first to incorporate temporal information in terms of derivatives. The efficacy of the approach is tested on the non-trivial AVEC2011 data set and increases classification rates on the data by as much as 13%.


This paper presents a general review of the findings from the other papers in this technical session on: (1) soil suction; permeabilities; embankment construction; soil collapse on saturation; particle size analysis; laboratory and field tests; design and construction of earth dams; cuttings; foundations; soil stabilization; and construction techniques. For the covering abstract see IRRD 820605.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons and a subsequent decrease in striatal dopamine levels, which cause the typical clinical motor symptoms such as muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor. Although a subset of PD cases has been described to arise from inherited mutations of genes such as α-Synuclein or Lrkk2, the majority of PD cases develop spontaneously. Despite intensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying degeneration of mDA neurons are only poorly understood. Interestingly, a common hallmark of virtually all PD cases is a neuroinflammatory response that is predominantly mediated by microglia – the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In animal models for PD and in human PD cases, microglia have been shown to adopt an activated, reactive phenotype which is characterized by upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and release of cytokines and/or chemokines that are believed to further threaten and stress mDA neurons and drive the progression of neurodegeneration (Hirsch and Hunot, 2009). Moreover, the current treatment strategy for PD patients using L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) has been shown to provoke glia reactions (Bortolanza et al., 2014) and, thus might contribute to trigger microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and accelerate neurodegeneration. However, it has to be taken into consideration that cytokine release by microglia might also result in a protective stress response as recently discussed (Cebrian et al., 2015). Among the endogenous factors that are capable of regulating microglia activation states, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) has been shown to be one of the most potent factors in vivo (Butovsky et al., 2014) and in vitro (Spittau et al., 2013). Under physiological conditions, TGFβ1 is mainly expressed by neurons and to a lesser extent by glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) astrocytes throughout the CNS. TGFβ1 mRNA has been detected in midbrain neurons, whereas TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 transcripts are hardly detectable in neurons of the ventral midbrain (Vincze et al., 2010). Figure 1 demonstrates that TGFβ1 immunoreactivity is detectable in midbrain neurons (indicated by white asterisks) but not in microglia (white arrows) which extend their processes towards TGFβ1-positive midbrain neurons and are located in close proximity to these neurons. This expression pattern suggests that neuron-derived TGFβ1 might be important to maintain microglia homeostasis under physiological conditions. Indeed, Butovsky et al. (2014) have reported that lack of TGFβ1 resulted in functional and morphological impairment of microglia. However, it has to be mentioned that the authors used TGFβ1-deficient mice, which were crossed to mice expressing TGFβ1 under the control of the interleukin 2 (IL2)-promoter. This approach prevents the lethal postnatal phenotype of TGFβ1-/- mice, which die due to a systemic inflammation mediated by T cells. It remains to be established whether neuron-derived TGFβ1 is essential to mediate microglia maintenance or whether peripheral effects of TGFβ1-deletion are responsible for the microglia phenotype observed by Butovsky et al. (2014).

Figure 1

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is predominantly expressed in neurons in the midbrain.

Under pathological conditions, such as ischemia, activated microglia have been shown to increase expression of TGFβ1 (Kiefer et al., 1995; Vincze et al., 2010), which is therefore referred to as a lesion-associated cytokine. Moreover, the expression of TGFβ receptors has further been observed to increase after ischemia in microglia, indicating an increased responsiveness of activated microglia towards TGFβ1 signals in the lesioned CNS (Pal et al., 2014). For the development and maintenance of mDA neurons, TGFβ1 seems to play essential roles. Roussa et al. (2009) have reviewed the effects of TGFβs for induction of the dopaminergic phenotype of midbrain neurons during embryonic development, where TGFβ cooperates with sonic hedgehog (SHH) to induce differentiation into functional tyrosine hydroxyase (TH)-positive neurons. Moreover, TGFβ has been reported to exert direct neurotrophic effects on mDA neurons after deprivation of classical neurotrophic support and after intoxication with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+), the active metabolite of the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which is a widely used toxin to selectively induce degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and, thus, mimic Parkinson's disease in rodents (Roussa et al., 2009). In the MPTP mouse model for PD, the survival promoting effects of glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is one of the most potent neurotrophic factors for mDA neurons in vivo and in vitro, were dependent on endogenous TGFβ. Application of TGFβ-neutralizing antibodies resulted in abrogation of neurotrophic effects on mDA neurons mediated by GDNF in this rodent mouse model for PD (Schober et al., 2007). Although neuroinflammation and microglia activation have not been addressed in this study, it might be possible that endogenous TGFβ is necessary to inhibit neuroinflammation as a prerequisite for GDNF-mediated neuroprotection. This hypothesis is further strengthened by the fact that GDNF itself is not able to inhibit activation of mouse microglia due to absence of c-RET expression, which is the essential GDNF signaling receptor (Zlotnik and Spittau, 2014). In rodent models for PD as well as in human PD cases, it remains to be established what actually triggers the activation of microglia to promote a neuroinflammatory response which further fuels degeneration of mDA neurons. An interesting candidate being involved in microglia activation in PD is the cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ). IFNγ has been described to be upregulated in the blood plasma of PD patients and mice deficient for IFNγ displayed reduced microglia activation and decreased degeneration of mDA neurons after intoxication with MPTP. Expression of the IFNγ receptor in the midbrain seems to be restricted to microglia, indicating that IFNγ has no direct effect on neuron survival and that IFNγ-induced microglia activation is responsible for mDA neurodegeneration. Moreover, in the presence of microglia lacking the IFNγ receptor, mDA neurons are protected from microglia-dependent IFNγ-induced neurodegeneration (Mount et al., 2007). Our group has recently shown that TGFβ1 efficiently blocks microglia activation induced by IFNγ, which is characterised by the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and nitric oxide (NO). TGFβ1 treatment abrogated IFNγ-mediated increase in TNFα and NO secretion by downregulation of genes involved in IFNγ signal transduction (Zhou et al., 2015). TNFα and NO are well known to exert neurotoxic effects in PD models (Block et al., 2007) and we further demonstrated that IFNγ, is not able to induce degeneration of mDA neurons in neuron-enriched cultures but sufficiently mediated neurotoxicity in the presence of microglia in neuron-glia cultures. Application of TGFβ1 was able to rescue mDA neurons from IFNγ-induced neurodegeneration in neuron-glia cultures (Zhou et al., 2015). These results, together with previous studies from our group, which clearly demonstrate that endogenous TGFβ1 promotes quiescence of microglia (Spittau et al., 2013) and that endogenous TGFβ signaling is necessary to induce alternative activation of microglia by interleukin-4 (IL4) underline the potential of TGFβ1 as a therapeutic agent to protect mDA neurons by regulating microglial activation states (Zhou et al., 2012). Figure 2 summarizes the effects of TGFβ1 on microglia and midbrain neurons under physiological and pathological conditions and further highlights possible interactions of TGFβ1 with factors such as GDNF and IFNγ.

Figure 2

Schematic summary of TGFβ1-mediated effects under physiological and pathological (PD) conditions.

Several previous approaches to protect mDA neurons in PD models as well as in PD patients using infusion or overexpression of neurotrophic factors, such as GDNF, resulted in rather disappointing outcomes, which could at least in parts be due to the fact that most of the neurotrophic factors only exert direct protective effects without directly affecting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. It has to be taken into consideration to design more effective future treatment approaches that involve combinations of direct neurotrophic factors and factors which aim to regulate microglia activation. According to the above mentioned functions and effects of TGFβ1 on microglia activation as well as TGFβ1-mediated neurotrophic effects on mDA neurons (Figure 2), a combination of GDNF and TGFβ1 could be a promising therapeutic approach to slow the progressive nature of mDA neuron degeneration and inhibit the accompanied microglia activation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TGFβ1-mediated regulation of microglia functions are only partially understood and further research is necessary to analyze the phenotypes of microglia induced by TGFβ1. Moreover, the complex mode of secretion, extracelular storage and activation of TGFβ1, which is initially released in a biologically inactive form, need to be further addressed before application as a therapeutic agent. Although TGFβ1 has a promising potential as a factor which might be applied to slow neurodegeneration and reduce neuroinflammation in animal models of PD and in human PD cases, at this time, several open issues on intra- and extracellular effects of TGFβ1 are of utmost interest and need to be elucidated in the future.


Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a variable course across the United States. Understanding its evolving impact on heart and lung transplantation (HT and LT) will help with planning for next phases of this pandemic as well as future ones. Methods. We used Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from before the pandemic to predict the number of waitlist registrations and transplants expected to occur between March 15, 2020, and December 31, 2020 (if no pandemic had occurred), and compared these expectations to observed rates. The observed era was divided into wave 1 (March 15–May 31), wave 2 (June 1–September 30), and wave 3 (October 1–December 31). We used multilevel Poisson regression to account for center- and state-level COVID-19 incidence. Results. During wave 1, rates of heart registrations and transplants were 28% (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67-0.77]) and 13% (IRR: 0.87 [95% CI, 0.80-0.93]) lower than expected; lung registrations and transplants were 40% (IRR: 0.60 [95% CI, 0.54-0.66]) and 28% (IRR: 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66-0.79]) lower. Decreases were greatest in states with the highest incidence where registrations were 53% (IRR: 0.47 [95% CI, 0.36-0.62]) and 59% (IRR: 0.41 [95% CI, 0.29-0.58]) and transplants were 57% (IRR: 0.43 [95% CI, 0.31-0.60]) and 58% (IRR: 0.42 [95% CI, 0.29-0.62]) lower than expected. Whereas HT largely recovered during waves 2 and 3, LT continued to fall short of expectations through the end of the year. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic in the US substantially reduced thoracic transplant access. Ongoing evaluation of the risks and benefits of this dramatic practice change is critical to inform clinical decision-making moving forward.


The present study proposes a new modified group chain sampling plan for truncated life test when the lifetime of products follow a Kumaraswamy Generalized Power Weibull (KGPW) distribution. The results of optimal group size, mean ratio of true mean to the specified mean, operating characteristic values, minimum angles, acceptance quality level, lower quality level are obtained against the specified producer's, consumer's risk, test termination time and mean ratios. The performance of the proposed chart is also monitored through a real life dataset of 63 single carbon fibers' measurements with specified gauge length. Control limits are constructed to check the quality of strength of a single carbon fibers at gauge length of 20-mm. From the results, it is observed that when the test termination time increases the operating characteristic and mean ratio of proposed plan also increase disproportionately.


The nonlinear dynamics equation including nonlinear stiffness and hysteresis resilience was developed.The frequency response equation was derived and the nonlinear vibration characteristics and stability of the metal rubber damper to a seismic excitation were analyzed by the method of harmonic balance.The effect of nonlinear factors was studied.The division equation of the vibration stability and instability area was obtained.The results show that the nonlinear parameters by hysteresis resilience result in the left removal of the main resonance,and the condition of the nonlinear stiffness and hysteresis resilience neglected are obtained.The conclusions are helpful to the accurate design and effect analysis of metal rubber damper.


In this paper, the history red-flesh germplasm resource of Hubei local peach variety of Dahongpao was explored. Research progress about the collection, preservation, evaluation, identification, use of resources was introduced. The characters and the main reasons for offspring variation were analysed. The inheritance rules of red-flesh peach characters were speculated according to the performance of hybrid offspring.


The invention provides a production method of magnesium citrate anhydrous, relating to the technical field of production processes of chemical raw materials. The production method comprises the following steps: injecting purified water accounting for a certain volume of a tank into a reaction kettle, and stirring; adding a calculated amount of clean citric acid, opening a steam valve, and raising the temperature to about 70 DEG C to fully dissolve the citric acid; slowly adding food-grade magnesium oxide calculated according to a chemical formula to the reaction kettle; reacting the materials for 3-4 hours after feeding ends, then generating plenty of white precipitates, and repeatedly stirring the materials; starting solid-liquid separation when the content of the precipitates is above 50%; firstly drying the product at a low temperature of 70-80 DEG C for about 5 hours after separation to obtain magnesium citrate containing crystal water; raising the drying temperature to 150 DEG C, and continuously drying magnesium citrate containing crystal water for about 60 hours to obtain magnesium citrate anhydrous. The production method is scientific and reasonable, is easy to control and is conducive to reducing the production cost. Prepared magnesium citrate anhydrous is very soluble in water and is beneficial for human bodies to absorb.


The deconvolution of a filtered version of a zero-mean normalized independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) signal (s/sub n/)/sub n/spl isin/z/ having a strictly negative Kurtosis /spl gamma//sub 2/= E[|s/sub n/|/sup 4/]-2(E[|s/sub n/|/sup 2/])/sup 2/-|E[s/sub n//sup 2/|/sup 2/] is addressed. This correspondence focuses on the global minimizers of the Godard function. A well-known result states that these minimizers achieve deconvolution at least if the input signal shows the symmetry E[s/sup 2/]=0. When this constraint is relaxed, (s/sub n/)/sub n/spl isin/z/ is said to be noncircular symmetric: It is shown that the minimizers achieve deconvolution if and only if 2|E[s/sub n//sup 2/]|/sup 2/<-/spl gamma//sub 2/(s). If this condition is not met, the global minimizers are found to be finite-impulse-response filters with two taps.


Thulium-doped fiber amplifier according to the present invention, thulium-doped fiber and for amplifying optical signals belonging to the S- band; A first pumping unit for outputting the thulium amplified spontaneous emission that represents a peak value in the predetermined wavelength belonging to the C- band to pump the doped optical fiber and; It includes a second pumping unit for outputting pumping light belonging to the C- baendeugwa different wavelength band to pump the thulium-doped optical fiber.


Agboville is a city in Cote d'Ivoire where floods are frequent. This study aims to identify their sources and thus to propose measures to reduce or control them. The database includes hydroclimatic data, satellite images, terrain photos and topometric surveys. The land use maps of the Agneby watershed showed the near disappearance of the dense forest in favor of the areas of degraded forests, crops and fallows. Despite the general decline in rainfall and runoff, extreme rainfall has become frequent, resulting in flooding of low and vulnerable areas. Hydrological modeling of the Agneby watershed has shown that the forest dynamics led to the reduction of the evapotranspired and infiltrated water slides on the one hand and the increase of the water flow. The importance of the water slide is the proof of the frequency of floods on the watershed. Topometric work has shown the vulnerability of the site to floods. The warning system based on fluctuating water levels in the beds and their spread beyond is a fairly effective and dynamic method for controlling floods.


In literature, a huge amount of papers related to the study of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) can be reduced into five aspects: (1) Development of techniques related to ITZ; (2) The nature and characterization of ITZ's microstructure; (3) Mechanism of formation and degradation of the ITZ's microstructure; (4) Factors influencing the ITZ's microstructure; (5) The influence of ITZ's properties on the macroproperties of materials (including mechanical properties and durability). The final purposes of the study on the above five aspects are to answer two questions: (1) How much do the ITZs at different levels affect the mechanical properties and durability of composites; (2) The feasibility to reach a higher level in performance for composite by improving the microstructure and properties of the ITZ's. The increasing availability of advanced techniques and equipments offers a better insight into the characteristics of the ITZ. In this contribution, the authors pursued to present the state-of-the-art of the ITZ study, instead of merely collecting outcomes from previous research. In the paper, the development of experimental techniques related to the ITZ are described. And the details can be found from the following four parts: (1) Characterization of the ITZ's microstructure; (2)Characterization of the mechanical properties (including bond strength, stiffness, and fracture mechanics) of the ITZ; (3) Characterization of the ITZ' s transport properties; (4) Characterization of the ITZ's shrink?ge.


Objective:To observe the effect of Qiang Gu Kang Shu capsules(QGKS) on bone mineral density(BMD),bone histomorphometry and microstructure,and expression of OPG and RANKL was ovariectomized rats.Methods:After ovariectomizing,the rats were divided into five groups,including normal control group,model blank group,Qiang Gu Kang Shu(QGKS) low-dose group,QGKS high-dose group,estrogern group.Respectively,to feed drugs to each group for one month.Then,to measure BMD of bilateral femora,and observe microstructure of femoral trabecular bone,and detect bone histomorphometry parameters in each group.The protein expression of OPG and RANKL was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:The femoral BMD and the bone trabecula thickness,area,area percentage were decreased,the spacing of bone trabecula was increased,expression of OPG was reduced dramatically,and expression of RANKL was increased dramatically in the model blank group.The indicators in estrogen group and QGKS groups(low and high)were significantly improved.Conclusion:QGKS capsules can maintain bone mass and microstructure of trabecular bone,and inhibit the expression of RANKL and improve the expression of OPG.


Line and word segmentation is one of the important step of OCR systems. For the identification of printed characters of non-Indian languages like English, Japanese, Chinese Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems have been effectively developed. For Indian languages, efforts are on the way for the development of efficient OCR systems, mainly for Kannada, one of the popular South Indian language .In this paper we have proposed a robust method for extraction of individual text lines for printed kannada documents based on the efficient segmentation methodologies such as morphology operations based projection profile,horizontal projection profile and bounding box.


The invention discloses an optical fiber network system and a method for performing asynchronous communication data transmission by the system. The system comprises a local side device and more than one terminal device, the local side device and each terminal device are connected through optical fibers to form a single loop or double loop serial optical fiber network, the local side device and each terminal device are respectively connected with optical communication modules, each optical communication module is provided with one or two optical receiving terminals and one or two optical sending terminals, and the optical fibers are connected with the optical receiving terminals and the optical sending terminals. The optical communication modules in the terminal devices negate a received data signal and then send the signal to next terminal device. According to the novel optical fiber network system and the method for performing the asynchronous communication data transmission by the system, the problem of error code during data transmission by the asynchronous communication in an electric power telecommunication system is solved, the key issue of asynchronous data transmission during electric power optical fiber communication is solved, and the development of an electric power optical fiber high speed communication network is facilitated.


Selecting three groups of medicinal plant compound(Clove,Magnolia,Kushen compound salviae miltiorrhizae;Purple salvia mivtiorrliza,magnolia and Rosemary compound) to made a sweet pepper coated by fresh test.The results showed that three groups of medicinal plant compound liquid had good results and the effect on sweet pepper storage.Magnolia officinalis,Sophora flavescens,Rosemary compound in sweet pepper storage preservation was the best.


The reactor physics problems in core designs for high-burnup and long-operating-cycle length are clarified. Two core concepts are proposed to deal with these problems: the advanced homogeneous core (A-HOC) in which the power distribution is flattened by dividing the core into two regions with different fuel volume fractions and the advanced axial heterogeneous core (A-AHC) in which a thin internal blanket is introduced at the core midplane in the inner core region of the A-HOC. Core performance parameters such as fissile inventory, breeding ratio, and power and flux distributions are evaluated in detail by discrete burnup analyses. The results show that the A-AHC has more uniform power and flux distributions and a more stable power shape than the A-HOC, and the A-AHC seems to be a good candidate for achieving high-burnup and long-operating-cycle length.


The principle of shared responsibility is the key to harmony and cooperation between recognized employees' union and management of the university. This study was conducted to analyze the attitude of the members of Wesleyan University Philippines-Faculty and Staff Association (WUPFSA) towards their union. Through the use of descriptive correlational research method, survey questionnaires, interviews, and cross-examination of secondary data, the study was able to: a) describe variables such association-demographic profile of the members, employees' attitude towards union's role, as well as problems encountered through the years; and b) determine the significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the employees and their attitude towards the association. The study also found out that the positive attitude of the employees towards the union is attributable to the commitment of the officers in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities. The positive attitude of members towards the management not only strengthens the union but also promotes peace and harmony within the educational milieu significantly boosting the morale of employees and generating activities which fosters academic excellence.


Urban rail transit has significant advantages such as large traffic volume, fast speed and high comprehensive benefits. It has become the most important component of urban traffic construction management and urban traffic congestion solution. Based on the actual passenger flow data of the Beijing subway Line 2 within one day, this paper analyzes the unbalanced distribution of passenger flow in space and time by using the method and theory of short-term traffic flow prediction. The gray correlation between the overall passenger flow of Line 2 and the passenger flow data of each site in one day was compared, and four stations with the highest gray correlation were selected for subsequent passenger flow forecasting. Then, based on the passenger flow of Line 2, four stations and corresponding total passenger flow data are taken as training samples, and the time is from 4:00 to 18:00. Taking the data of the four stations with the highest correlation as input, the short-term prediction of the passenger flow from 18:00 to 19:00 is used as the output.


Organizations may be conceptualized as a set of interacting groups, differentiated according to task, hierarchy, and demographic characteristics of the members. The frequency, accuracy, and utility of communication among groups within organizations affect and are affected by their boundary permeability and relationship mutuality. This study reports on the design, formulation, modification, and evaluation of a relatively new type of intergroup intervention-the creation of a "microcosm group" of 12 members from an organization of 250 members. Charged with improving communication among workgroups and hierarchical levels, the group was developed and maintained according to boundary and relationship concepts from open systems theory. It represented a microcosm of the system, which addressed problems raised by both employees and management, assisted in a survey feedback intervention, and survived concerns raised by the union, middle management, and leadership succession at the top of the organization. There is evidence that it substantially facilitated communication about difficult issues within the organization, earned more confidence from employees and management, and improved its own functioning over time. At the same time, the intervention was experienced as quite stressful and confiictful for all parties


According to the annual precipitation and runoff time series of 45 years (1956~2000) at Lanzhou Hydrology Station in the upper reach of the Yellow River, a GA- BP neural network model of annual precipitation and runoff forecasts is established based on the principle of multi-layer backward artificial neural network. Literature review shows that the precision of runoff forecast only using the rainfall and runoff of the previous stage is low; and the precision can be improved if rainfall forecast is introduced in the model. The research shows that the model proposed is more precise than the traditional statistic model of multiple regressions, and the model can reflect the rules of rainfall-runoff in the upper reach of the Yellow River, so it is feasible to be applied for the forecast of annual rainfall-runoff with high precision in the upper reach of the Yellow River.


An approach for modeling and numerical simulation of planar components using the edge line concept is developed. With this method, we develop an efficient modeling technique for microstrip discontinuities. The structure presents an arbitrary number of ports, each one with different orientation and dimensions. This article presents a hybrid method based on multimode contour integral and mode matching techniques. The process is based on segmentation and dividing the structure into key building blocks. We use the multimode contour integral method to analyze the blocks including irregular shape discontinuities. Finally, the multimode scattering matrix of the whole structure can be found by cascading the blocks. Therefore, the new method is suitable for analysis of a wide range of waveguide problems. Therefore the present approach can be applied easily to the analysis of any multiport junctions and cascade blocks. The accuracy of the method is validated comparing with results for several complex problems found in the literature. CPU times are also included showing the efficiency of the new method proposed.


Purpose – This paper aims to, using evidence from a former office of the public accounting firm Arthur Andersen, to study the importance of the relational content and structure of individuals' social connections as they transitioned to subsequent employment. The paper also examines the maintenance of their social networks through time. Implications for careers in the accounting field are offered. Practicing accountants' connections with other individuals have often been recognized as an important resource that influences career success. However, these social networks have escaped systematic academic study in accounting. Design/methodology/approach – Social network analysis, built on survey data. Findings – The results show that who one was connected to in a previous employment was more important than one's overall network position when deciding whether to stay or exit public accounting. However those who exited public accounting did not demonstrate a handicap in maintaining network structures after the di...


Nai Talim is the ultimate way of learning with skill acquisition, gaining knowledge, and learning with practical application.  Nai Talim based activity is used to improve the attitude of students towards science.  The aim of the present paper is to study the attitude of secondary school students' attitudes towards science. The research design applied is quasi-experiment. The non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control designs are applied for the present study. The two-section of class 8th participated in the present study. The Control group consists of 40 students while the experimental group consists of 41 students.  Data is collected by using attitude scale consisting 18 questions.  The result of the study reveals that experiential learning-based activity on curriculum may develop a positive attitude towards science.


Abstract : The interaction of high detergent oils with fine filtration materials is examined. It was found that surface tension can serve as a measure of the concentration of additives in lubricating oils. A unique relationship exists between the surface tension and the detergent properties of oils containing different concentrations of SB-3 additive. The process of absorption on oil filter elements is physical in nature. A formula was derived which permits quantitative evaluation of the amount of absorption of additive in the 28-138 degrees C temperature interval for circulation time of oil in the system from 5-20 hr. The second part of the article deals with the continuous delivery of additives to motor oils. A laboratory device was constructed which permits delivery of oil additive to the oil while the engine is operating.


Reaction wheels (RWs) used for attitude control of space vehicle systems usually encounter with undesired wide band noises. These noises which significantly affect the performance of regulator controller must tune the review or review rate of RWs. According to wide frequency band of noises in RWs the common approaches of noise cancellation cannot conveniently reduce the effects of the noise. Therefore, the advanced analyzer of frequency domain signal processing such as wavelets must be used to realize the noise cancellation. In this regards, only the online application of wavelets can be practical. In this paper, an online active noise canceller based on online wavelet theory is employed to omit the effects of undesired noise. In this way, dynamic identification of a RW as well as wavelet delay compensation are used simultaneously to design an active noise cancellation system. Numerical and experimental investigations of KNTU test setup as a hard ware in the loop system show the preferences of the proposed method of online noise cancellation.


Abstract : What are Synthetic Multifunctional Materials? Materials that are explicitly designed to realize multiple tasks. (Structure + power generation, + sensing, + self repair,) Inspiration Nature's materials (e.g., skin, bone): efficient, responsive, adaptable, self healing Emerging materials science base: process and material modeling, engineered microstructures, flexible manufacturing Program Objectives Establish formalized design methodologies for multi-functionality Synthesize multifunctional materials and components and, through compelling challenge problems, demonstrate approach and advantages Change the design methodology for structures in Defense systems Synthetic Multifunctional Materials.


We describe a general conjecture on how one may derive from the generic bosonic case all structural properties of multivariate diagonal coinvariant modules in $k$ sets of $n$ commuting variables (bosons), and $j$ sets of $n$ anticommuting variables (fermions).


Lightweight property has been an indispensable requisite for embedded devices that insists security on its data. Less complex operations, minimal memory footprint and execution in fewer clock cycles are the prime features that guarantee the lightweight property of security algorithms. This paper presents the formation of exclusive Look-Up Tables (LUTs) that brings in the lightweight property to employ the steganography algorithm that embeds the encrypted secret bits based on an encoder circuit. The suggested LUT method has been realized on LPC 2148, an embedded device with ARM 7 core. The above said lightweight features are analyzed through code size and timing analysis; while the security analysis from visual and statistical tests ensure the algorithm's security level. When compared against procedural technique, LUT method provides 25% to 30% improvement in execution speed with no additional demand in code space and compromise in security level.


Globally, the increasing power demand is coupled with environmental constraints and strong competition that require advanced solutions for global power transmission. System reliability and congestion relief are imperative under dynamic market conditions to ensure that transmission systems provide a steady return on investment and cash flow as well as operate with the flexibility and security that will be required to serve future demand and load growth. Given all of the factors that must be balanced, the one certainty is that new technology will be a key enabler to move transmission investment forward and increase capacity. A few of the innovations that have the potential to shape the future of the global power system are already available or will soon be commercially available. Some, but definitely not all, of these new technologies are briefly discussed in this article including flexible AC transmission system (FACTS), HVDC transmission, short current limiters, overhead lines, gas insulated transmission lines, gas insulated switchgear, and grid connected wind generation.


HE PURPOSE of this study is to ascertain what Richard Lovelace meant by the word "honour" in the much-quoted couplet: "I could not love thee, dear, so much / Lov'd I not honour more."' Although the New English Dictionary cites the passage as an early example of honor in its modern meaning of noble sentiment or character, I shall show that Lovelace probably used the word in its older sense of reputation or good name.2 The difficulty of ascertaining his intent lies in the fact that English, like most other European languages, now uses a single noun "honor" to express two different ideas. The vocable honor actually includes two separate nouns, nouns which are distinct even though they share a common spelling, pronunciation, and origin. These two nouns do not merely connote different degrees or aspects of one thing; rather they are distinct homonyms expressing dissimilar concepts, just as the nouns "door" and "door." In the sentence, "He ran right through the door," the word "door" means something different from what it


The presence of heavy metals in milk and milk products represents a high
risk for human health and therefore monitoring of heavy metals is compulsory. The aim of the
study was the evaluation of milk contamination with lead in nine surrounding localities of
industrial area Baia Mare (0-60 km). Lead determination was carried out during 2007-2010
period on 207 milk samples collected from free market or private households and originated
from different localities situated at increasing distances from polluting source, Baia Mare
industry (S.C. Romplumb S.A. and S.C. Cuprom Bucuresti/Baia Mare-branch). Lead was
determined by mass spectrometer with inductive coupled plasma (ICP-MS) Perkin Elmer. The
mean concentration of lead in milk was inversely but not significantly (p>0.05) correlated to
the distance from the polluting source, lead levels decreasing significantly (p 0.05) up and down tendency in milk samples
from either polluted or unpolluted areas. Mean annual lead level, excepting those in control,
unpolluted area, over passed the maximum levels according to Commission Regulation (E.C.)
1881/2006 (0.02 mg/kg) in each year and entire period with minimum 22% in 2010 and
maximum 37% in 2007.


ANDERSON, BENEDICT. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1991). CHALABY, JEAN. The Invention of Journalism (London: Macmillan, 1998). CONBOY, MARTIN. Journalism: A Critical History (London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2004). FISH, STANLEY. Is There a Text in this Class?: The Authority of Interpretive Communities (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1980). GLEASON, ABBOT, GOLDSMITH, JACK and NUSSBAUM, MARTHA, eds. On Nineteen Eighty-Four: Orwell and Our Future (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2005). HARTLEY, JOHN. The Politics of Pictures: The Creation of the Public in the Age of Popular Media (London: Routledge, 1992). ISER, WOLFGANG. The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978). KOVEN, SETH. Slumming: Sexual and Social Politics in Victorian London (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2004). LUTES, JEAN. Front Page Girls: Women Journalists in American Culture and Fiction, 188


Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) is the well-known term and accepted among various stakeholders of any organization in India. Our country is first in the world to make CSR activities mandatory as per the amendment made to the Companies Act, 2013 in April 2014 and any company that makes a minimum net profit of five crores need to spend 2% of their average net profits of three consecutive years on the CSR activities. CSR activities should be in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with its solid focus on achieving social performance. For the present study secondary data is taken from various company websites and other websites on CSR activities and amount spent by the Indian companies. This paper studies the analysis of CSR amount spent in the last five year that is from 2014 to 2019 and implementation of CSR sustainable practices by top four companies in India viz., Reliance Industries Limited, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. and Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. which are listed in BSE/NSE. From the study it was found that Reliance Industries Ltd. spent surplus amount consistently on the CSR activities from last five years when compared to other three industries.


This research aimed to present status of knowledge in public administration between B.C. 2547-2560 classified into four sections, including public policy section, theory and organizational behavior section, human resource management section and finance and budget section. The data was collected from research papers written by teacher educators in the field of public administration in Northeast Thailand in the first academic year 2560. These research papers were written, published and publicized between B.C. 2547-2560 in four types which include (1) published articles in journals and national proceedings, (2) international published articles, (3) public administration research projects, and (4) project leaders and public administration textbooks without in inclusion of teaching documents. The findings indicate that 346 research papers published between B.C. 2547-2560 were classified into four sections, including 184 research papers in public policy section (53.18%), 113 research papers in theory and organizational behavior section (32.66), 25 research papers in human resource management section (7.23%) and 24 research papers in finance and budget section (6.94%). Therefore, the circle of public administration in Northeast Thailand should give importance to the investigation on human resource management section and finance and budget section together with the investigation on public policy section and theory and organizational behavior section.

Keyword: State of Knowledge; Public Administration; Northeast Thailand


A pattern searching method, which is a direct global optimization technique, is here presented together with a practical example which shows the effectiveness of the method in finding parameters of models. An empirical dual-step consecutive reaction model is introduced for describing the pyrolytic kinetic process of wheat straw. Because the formation of intermediate matter has been considered, thanks to the application of empirical kinetic model mechanism functions, the empirical model is much more suitable for fitting test data than the single-step global model or the n-order dual-step model. Figs 3, table 1 and refs 15.


Institute of Textile Engineering and Polymer Materials, University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland, E-mail: email@example.com Abstract The possibility of the introduction of probabilistic models based on Weibull's theory applied to modelling the problems of fatigue durability and reliable structures as well as models based on log-normal distribution is presented. It was found that the assessment of the quality of knitted fabrics on the basis of classic static durability is not sufficient and it can often lead to incorrect conclusions, having no grounds in real conditions of use. The question of the fatigue durability of knitted fabrics produced from standard smooth and fancy flame cotton yarns was considered. Quantitative description by means of probabilistic and statistical models was proposed. Attention was mainly given to working out probabilistic models based on graphic methods, enabling verification of experimental data.


Prologue: overview of the research problem and summary of findings 1. Relationships as developing systems: theoretical foundations 2. Mother-infant relationship development in the first six months: from face-to-face play to object play 3. Relational-historical research on development change 4. Relational-historical research: the case study approach, frame analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis 5. Research propositions about relationship change process 6. Research methods for the current investigation: subjects, procedures, and data analysis 7. Results of the current investigation: quantitative analysis of developmental changes in relationship frames and in infant actions 8. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Richard and his mother 9. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Betsy and her mother 10. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Lewis and his mother 11. Results of the current investigation: qualitative analysis of Susan and her mother 12. Summary of finding on relational-historical change Epilogue: laws of change, implications for theory and practice.


Interior design in Colombia is a discipline that, throughout its history, has been directly linked with architecture, up to the point that the collective perception is that an Architect, regardless of their academic and professional background, should be more than capable of conceiving and designing interior spaces as the Colombian CPNAA's (Professional National Council of Architecture and Auxiliary Professions) guidebook suggests: The applicability of a professional architect's commitment is directly related to designing a new building and the other multiple professional services such as remodeling, extensions, reconstructions, interior design, and similar (Vargas Caicedoet et al., 2004, p. 11). This situation has created a hierarchical model that subjugates the Interior Designer to the pre-determined conditions set up by the Architect of the building creating a second class of spatial designer who is not regularly acknowledged when performing as a project stakeholder.


Photograph of first page of Part 4 (29 September 1946) of Gorman's Daily Oklahoman report on Oklahoma state psychiatric
 hospitals.


This report shares the results of a Spring 2018 survey of 35 academic libraries in the United States in regard to the research data services (RDS) they offer. An executive summary presents key findings while the results section provides detailed information on the answers to specific survey questions related to data repositories, metadata, workshops, and polices.


Correctional boot camps are a controversial alternative sanction for adjudicated juveniles that emphasize a militaristic style of operation. Program characteristics vary with the political atmosphere of the jurisdiction in which the boot camps are running, but most focus on rehabilitating offenders within a punitive environment. Goals are similar across the board, with most programs aiming to reduce recidivism and reconviction while controlling costs associated with juvenile detention. Empirical research indicates little or no benefit of juvenile boot camps with regard to these and other goals.

Keywords:

boot camps;
intensive supervision programs;
intermediate sanctions;
shock incarceration;
intensive supervision programs


Quasi-elastic scattering is defined as the sum of all direct processes such as elastic and inelastic scattering and transfer reactions. Fusion corresponds to transmission through a barrier and large back angle quasi-elastic scattering corresponds to reflection at that barrier and so because of conservation of the reaction flux these two processes may be considered to be complementary to each other. The measurement of the quasi-elastic scattering (QES) cross section is much easier compared to that of the fusion cross section. In the past few years, the investigation of reactions involving unstable nuclei, far from the valley of stability, has generated a great interest [1,2] due to the recent availability of radioactive ion beams. Reactions with beams of high intensity stable weakly bound nuclei (such as 9 Be, 6,7 Li ) which have significant break-up probability are good references for testing the effect of weak binding of nuclei on the reaction mechanism. In this work, the measurement of large back angle quasi-elastic scattering excitation function of 6 Li+ 159 Tb is reported.


Relevance. Due to the turbulence of economic processes in the period of sanctions pressure on the economy, decisions should be made, effective, first of all, from a national position. For this purpose, it is necessary to justify them using multi-criteria and all available information, which at the initial stages is fundamentally incomplete, insufficiently reliable and sometimes weakly formalized. In such cases, it is advisable to use special methods to assess the decisions made in conditions of uncertainty, in particular methods of fuzzy logic and mathematics. Purpose of the study. The study is aimed at assessing the order of priority of transport rail support on the investigated most important in the federal and regional scale main lines by including the most significant technological and economic criteria, reflecting the nationwide priority. Data and Methods. To compare different methods of priority construction of the main lines of railway lines, we used the procedure of fuzzy multi-criteria analysis of the projects. The assumed priorities of transport rail support are based on four trunk line projects: the Middle Urals Latitudinal Railway on the N-Tagil - Perm section; the Troitsko-Pechorsk - Ivdel section; the Perm - Chernushka section; the Ust - Aha - Uray - Khanty-Mansiysk - Salym section. Results. The paper proves the possibility of applying the approach based on fuzzy logic to the analysis of economic processes in the period of shocks to the economy, caused, in particular, by the introduction of sanctions from unfriendly countries. The estimated priority of transport rail support on the four projects of the most important trunk lines is assessed. Conclusions. With the help of fuzzy logic methods, it is possible to find compromise options that satisfy the various interests of those affecting the decisions, regardless of the structural organization of the backbone industries, one of which is undoubtedly the transport industry.


Many readers have wondered why Jane Barker's novelistic fictions—or 'patch-works," as she came to call them—look and feel they way they do. Instead of rising action, bit of story follows bit of story in an array of pulse-points that appear to have been randomly selected and organized. What did Barker hope to accomplish by publishing fictions that were difficult to follow? What is the utility of mystifying (or frustrating) one's reader by offering them a chaotic mirror? Finally, what if these patch-works' failure to exhibit "any apparent focused, conscious purpose" is only an apparent failure?2 The short answer is that Barker, a religious, political, and artistic rebel,3 used her fictions to teach readers how to read the macrocosm the "patchworks" represent. But an adequate answer requires consideration of content with form, autobiography with politics, story with history, since Barker's fictions depend on the interweaving of all these elements into a selfconsciously difficult texture or tissue. The patch-work, neither naà ̄ve nor technically deficient, is a layered event in which boundaries between categories are elided. The three fictions of Barker's "Galesia Trilogy"—Love Intrigues (1713), A Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies (1723), and The Lining of the Patch


Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) is a developmental neurological disorders. PDD consist of Autism, Asperger syndrome, Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified Rett's disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder. The incidence of the disease has been increased in past one decade when compared to earlier, which is due to increased awareness of the disease. The diagnosis of the PDD mainly by diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder(DSM) published by American psychiatric association. DSM V the pervasive development disorders were considered into single autism like spectrum of disorders. Autism spectrum disorder is not completely curable and hence requires lifelong management. Educational and behavioral interventions are more successful when compared to medications alone. Early interventions have more positive results. The present review articles describes regarding the Pervasive developmental disorders, prevalence of autism worldwide, individual countries ,their characteristic features, diagnosis by DSM IV and DSM V, causative factors involved and management. Pharmaceutical Sciences


The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is developing the Monitored Data Cross Support Transfer Service (MD-CSTS), a standard service by which a spaceflight mission can obtain real-time status of the space communication and tracking services being provided by a Tracking, Telemetry and Command network. The MD-CSTS provides cyclic reports and event notifications that are associated with the status and performance of space link services provided by ground stations and relay satellites during a space link contact. The MD-CSTS also allows the spaceflight mission to query the current values of monitored status and performance parameters. These parameters and events will be registered with the Space Assigned Numbers Authority. This paper presents an overview of the capabilities of the MD-CSTS and presents an operational scenario that exercises those capabilities.