Fire needling is an acupuncture procedure involving the swift pricking of diseased part with a red hot needle. The purpose of the present study is to report the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and fire needling combined therapy on the frozen shoulder patients. Each of patient received combined therapy of acupuncture and fire needling. Fire needling was carried out 2 or 3 times a week. Shoulder pain was evaluated by measuring visual analoge scale (VAS), range of movement (ROM), and global assessment and grade. All of the patinets treated with combined therapy exhibited decreasing of VAS and grade, increasing of ROM and global assessment.


Introduction Why do parents behave as they do when raising children? One obvious answer is that they are modelling the behaviour of their own parents, having learned how to parent in the course of being parented. Another is that they are behaving in accord with information they have acquired about the nature of appropriate parenting, information that is plentifully available in the form of books, magazines, Web sites, informal and formal advice, and so on. Another major determinant of their behaviour, the topic of this essay, lies in the attitudes, beliefs, thoughts and feelings that are activated during parenting. These often have a very powerful impact on behaviour, even if parents are distressed by or even unaware of that impact. For researchers interested in children's development, parenting attitudes, cognitions and the resulting emotions (such as anger or happiness) are of interest because they guide parenting behaviour, which in turn has its impact on children's socioemotional and cognitive development.


A pneumatic tire of a vehicle is provided to obtain high ground contact point during cornering where a tread wing section contacts the ground by attaching a rubber patch having a high coefficient of friction on the tread wing. A pneumatic tire of a vehicle comprises a tread(1), a sidewall(2), and a bead part(3). A rubber patch(12) having a fairly large coefficient of friction is attached on a tread wing(11) between the tread and a sidewall. The rubber patch is composed of a silica compound having over 70 phr, and has solidity over 68. The rubber patch attached to the tread wing and overlapped with a cap tread. The overlapping length of the rubber patch with the cap tread should be over 5 mm.


While Ministers of the UK Government are mounting a wide‐ranging review of the country's National Health Service and attention is increasingly focussing on ways of stretching resources to treat more patients, more effectively, managers and clinicians are demanding more effective ways of looking at the performance of hospitals, clinics and health authorities to identify shortcomings.


We examine the effect of transport infrastructure on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in OECD countries over a period of almost 150 years. To do so, we employ both parametric and non-parametric panel data techniques. With the parametric estimates, we find mixed evidence of a statistically significant positive relationship between transport infrastructure and CO2 emissions, which is dependent on the specific long-run estimator used. Our non-parametric estimates suggest that the common trend function for CO2 emissions is rising for most of the period and that there is a time-varying relationship between transport infrastructure and CO2 emissions. The computed time-varying coefficient function of transport infrastructure has been positive since 1940, and the observed effect is most pronounced between 1940 and 1960.


Most of the existing seismic design codes are based on the empirical knowledge accumulated through systematic earthquake damage data collection and their analysis. Required levels of protection and seismic design forces gradually are increased after each series of catastrophic earthquakes particularly in developed countries. Many efforts have been made through experimental and analytical studies to improve detailing and to increase inelastic capacity of buildings and structures to resist earthquake ground motions with acceptable damage levels. The general believe was that empirically developed seismic design codes contain performance objectives, but usually in a descriptive form that cannot be quantified and that explicit code design for life safety provides adequate damage protection. The main source of damage to structural systems and in particular nonstructural elements are deformations and interstory drifts imposed by earthquake ground motions. Therefore, to control damage, it is necessary to control deformation and particularly to control interstory drift. Thus, achievement of reliable and efficient earthquake resistant design of buildings and structures requires satisfaction not only of the criteria for strength but also the criteria for deformation and reparability which are directly inter-related. Although, there have been proposals to base seismic design on only lateral stiffness, i.e. only controlling the story drift, a practical method of this type of design has been recently developed using damage control criteria based on acceptable level of direct economic losses. Damage control criteria based on acceptable level of direct economic losses is formulated for earthquake resistant structural systems and non-structural elements, considering damage cost of both groups of elements as directly dependant of the structural response mechanism and story drifts to selected earthquake ground motions and their intensities. Two basic categories of ordinary and essential class of buildings are considered. For ordinary buildings governing criteria is damage control defined with the range of maximum story drift for Planning Scale Earthquake scenario, based on building damage data in the past earthquakes, experimental studies and calibration with numerous performance analyses. For essential class of buildings, like schools and health buildings, buildings with high occupancy rate, governing criteria is serviceability limit state defined with the range of maximum story drift for seismic hazard level of Maximum Considered Earthquake scenario, considering them to remain in safe and operational conditions after earthquake disaster. Established criteria is demonstrated with the presented results of seismic performance analysis and damage cost evaluation of the 19 structural systems of essential class of low and high rise buildings and 6 structural systems of ordinary non and earthquake resistant buildings.


APA Citation Brown, N. (2015).Come my staff, I lean upon you: an iconographic and contextual study of sticks and staves from 18th dynasty Egypt [Master's thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1387 MLA Citation Brown, Nicholas R. Come my staff, I lean upon you: an iconographic and contextual study of sticks and staves from 18th dynasty Egypt. 2015. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1387


This paper describes a novel web usage mining approach to discover patterns in the navigation of websites known as Unexpected Navigation Behaviours (UNBs). The approach provides a web designer with a means of identifying and classifying patterns of browsing and, by reviewing these patterns, the designer can then choose to modify the design of their site or redesign it completely. UNB mining is based on the Consecutive Common Subsequence (CCS), a special instance of Common Subsequence (CS), which is used to define a set of expected routes. The predefined expected routes are then treated as rules and stored in a rule base. By using the predefined route and the UNB mining algorithm, interesting navigation behaviours can be discovered. This paper will introduce the format of the expected route and describe the UNB algorithms. It will also describe a tool that a website designer can use to define the expected route more efficiently, which can help the website designer to make decision about where and how the design of website can be improved. The paper concludes with a series of experiments designed to evaluate how well the UNB mining algorithms work and demonstrate how UNB mining can be useful for improving website design.


Usually, an in-pipe mobile robot with three drive wheels encounters a difficult problem when it is passing through a pipe elbow, whose three drive wheels interfere one another, since three wheels differential mechanism has not come into being so far, as a result,the robot can not move inside elbow. In order to guarantee the robot to pass through the elbow in a stable, reliable and rapid way, a principle that is an independent harmonious control method for three drive motors is put forward based on the analysis of resistance load characteristics of the drive wheels. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted according to the above control method, the results show this method is an effective way to solve three wheel differential problem.


Single span pipe greenhouses (pipe houses) are widely used in Korea because these simple structures are suitable for construction by farmers thus reducing labor cost. However, these pipe houses are very weak and frequently damaged by heavy snow and strong wind. Pipe house is constructed by pipe fabricator, which is anchored to the ground by inserting each pipe end into ground to 30~40㎝, so the ground support condition of pipe end is not clear for theoretical analysis on greenhouse structure. This study was carried out to find out the suitable ground support condition needed for structural analysis when pipe house was designed. The snow and wind loading tests on the actual size pipe house were conducted to measure the collapsing shape, displacement and strain. The experimental results were compared with the structural analysis results for 4 different ground support conditions of pipe ends(fixed at ground surface, hinged at ground surface, fixed under ground and hinged under ground). The pipe house under snow load was collapsed at the eaves as predicted, and the actual strain at the windward eave and ground support under wind load was larger than that under snow load. The displacement was the largest at the hinged support under ground, followed by the hinged at ground surface, the fixed under ground and then the fixed at ground surface independent of displacement direction and experimental loading condition. The experimental results agreed most closely with the results of theoretical analysis at the fixed condition under ground among 4 different ground support conditions. As the results, it was recommended that the pipe end support condition of single span pipe greenhouse was the fixed under ground for structural analysis.


CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER AND PRECURSORS TO TRIHALOMETHANES USING SPECTRAL FLUORESCENCE SIGNATURES by Krit Punburananon Disinfection is an essential process to kill pathogens (i.e., disease causing organisms) in source water during the production of drinking water. Chlorine is most widely used disinfectant because it is effective, affordable, and also provides chlorine residual to ensure that the water is safe through the distribution system. Nonetheless, chlorine reacts with Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and forms potentially carcinogenic Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs). The major chlorination DBPs are dominantly Trihalomethanes (THMs). However, not all organic compounds are equally reactive to THMs formation. NOM in water samples collected from the Delaware & Raritan Canal and its tributaries (Central New Jersey) was isolated by resin adsorption into six fractions: Hydrophobic acid (HPOA), Hydrophobic neutral (HPON), Hydrophobic base (HPOB), Hydrophilic acid (HPIA), Hydrophilic neutral (HPIN), and Hydrophilic base (HPIB). HPIN, HPON, and HPOA were the major fractions in most of samples. Moreover, the fractions' seven-day THMs Formation Potentials (THMFP) were determined HPOA was found to be the most reactive fraction to THMs formation in addition to being one of the most abundant fractions in the source water. Additionally, the six fractions were also characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy to obtain three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The spectra shape and peak locations are unique characteristics of organic compounds and also called Spectral Fluorescence Signature (SFS). The SFS is the total sum of emission intensity of a sample at different excitation wavelengths, recorded as a matrix of fluorescent intensity in coordinates of excitation and emission wavelengths. Among the six fractions, HPOA spectra were large and the peak intensity was also high. Therefore, fluorescence spectroscopy could be a promising technique for characterization of HPOA fraction or THMs precursors in the source water. Although a large number of intensities are related to THMs precursors, many of them are highly correlated by nature. Principle component analysis was then used to transform the fluorescence intensities into independent parameters called Principle Components (PCs). Best Subset Algorithm was performed to select the most important PCs for the prediction of THMFP by multiple linear regression. The prediction of THMFP using SFS is a rapid, inexpensive, reagent-free technique and thus can be used for optimization of water treatment processes. CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER AND PRECURSORS TO TRIHALOMETHANES USING SPECTRAL FLUORESCENCE SIGNATURES by Krit Punburananon A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering


Growing evidence indicates that in the continuum limit the rooted staggered action is in the correct QCD universality class, the nonlocal terms arising from taste breaking can be viewed as lattice artifacts. In this paper we consider the 2-flavor Asqtad staggered action at lattice spacing a{approx_equal}0.13 fm and probe the properties of the staggered configurations by an overlap valence Dirac operator. By comparing the distribution of the overlap eigenmodes to continuum QCD predictions we investigate if/when the lattice artifacts are small as a function of the staggered quark mass. We define a matching overlap quark mass where the lattice corrections are minimal for the topological susceptibility and from the eigenmode distribution we predict the 2-flavor chiral condensate. Our results indicate that the staggered configurations are consistent with 2-flavor continuum QCD up to small lattice artifacts, and predict a consistent value for the infinite volume chiral condensate.


The behavior of the degree of polarization of the fluorescence and transmission versus intensity of complex molecules in high-viscosity solvents has been studied. We show that, in the usual case, when the electronic transition can be represented as a linear oscillator, molecules excited at low field have an anisotropic distribution; then, at high field, the distribution becomes isotropic. So, the relation between the transmission of the solution with intensity differs significantly from the transmission versus intensity relation derived by using the mean value of the cross section.


With the implement of the policy of energy saving and emissions reduction,a kind of new building material based on ASA was introduced in the domestic market.The ASA type wallboard is a new type of energy-saving wall material and suitable for apartment buildings.Taking an ecological demonstration room as study object,the field test of thermal insulation performance of this wallboard was carried out.The test result shows that the ASA type wallboard has good thermal insulation performance,and its heat transfer coefficient is 0.716 W/(m2·K) that increased 19% as compared to that of theoretical calculation.


Critical analysis of secondary/high school engagements, ocurred in Sao Paulo in
2015. This object of study is aimed at dialoguing with the debate and its involved
actors in theses movements presented at Portal da Palavra. Pointing out to
overcome the short and explosive experiences of struggles initiated and encouraged
by the autonomist sector of libertarian field. Introjecting to the process a different
methodology that aims to break with the left hegemonic strategy in social
movements.


Summary Prior to making any definite statement about the strength and stability of trees, exact details of occurring loads must be known, usually wind loads, the maximum stresses caused by these loads in the various parts of a tree and the anchorage potential of the roots. Previous methods of determining the condition of a tree, such as taking core samples and computer technology, in so far as they are relevant to TREE STATICS and a new non destructive type of survey method are discussed. The question of using supports to increase the safety factor against rupture or destruction is considered at the end of the paper.


The literature on hereditary angioedema is reviewed and the case histories of 5 women and 3 men are reported. Special importance is attached to the results of therapy over 222 months of treatment with danazol and 40 months with stanozolol. The effects of androgen therapy on complement factor C4 and on C1-inhibitor are described.


— In this work, the non recyclable plastics are to be used as reinforcement with resins as a matrix. This composite uses the waste plastics to be converted into useful products that can replace asbestos and metal sheets used for roofing applications. By this the life of the waste plastics is extended as a useful product on earth and the consumption of metals and asbestos can be reduced. Also this can be a good solution for converting waste plastics into useful products without any toxic emissions and green house gases which are the main sources of air pollution. The plastic wastes are collected and made into a composite using polyester resin. After curing, the composite is subjected to various characterization studies such as percentage light intensity, temperature and relative humidity and found that it performs well under the climatic conditions and proves that it can be an alternate for roofing materials such as asbestos and metal sheets. These characterization studies are carried out through an Arduino processor which is connected with various sensors and a computer to interpret the results [1][2]. It also shows better characteristics than the traditionally used roofing materials such as asbestos and metal sheets and proves to be low cost composite for this application.


Objective:  Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires reconstitution normal T‐cell immunity. Measurement of T‐cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and T‐cell receptor β (TCRBV) CDR3 repertoire is a means of quantifying recent thymic T‐cell production and reflecting antigen‐specific T‐cell clones proliferation.


Several legal actions brought in federal court by chaplains (and potential chaplains) against the Navy allege violations of the Free Exercise, Establishment, and Free Speech Clauses of the First Amendment, and of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fifth Amendment. In ruling on several motions in two cases already combined for pretrial motions, Judge Ricardo Urbina observed that "the issue of what restrictions the Navy may place on the content of its chaplains' speech is a fascinating one, standing at the intersection of four major jurisprudential roads--free speech, free exercise, establishment, and equal protection." Successful navigation of such an intersection presents several challenges. Some argue Navy chaplains may have to accept some restriction on the content of their speech so that the free exercise rights of all service members can be protected fully. At the same time, one court has suggested the Navy must recognize that some restrictions on speech are impermissible, and that whatever permissible restrictions it seeks to apply must be applied evenly to all or to none. Part II of this article examines the evolving role of chaplains in American military history, highlighting a shift in official responsibility from providing primarily direct ministry to a priority of protecting free exercise. Part III examines modern recognition of the "Protestant Problem" and the challenges it presents. Part IV seeks to offer some traffic signals or lane markers that fully protect a chaplain's rights to free speech in worship while also protecting other service members' rights to free exercise, avoid further establishment problems, and treat all chaplains equally.


Detwisted and twisted methods are used in the polyester and cotton ring plied yarns(13.1 tex, designed twist 85. 6 turns per 10 cm,blending ratio65: 35) to obtain 5 types single yarn with varying twist,we can get the varying twist plied yarns with same twist single yarns by plying and reverse twisting. Having tested the breaking strength,elongation at break and initial modulus of plied yarns, the author finds the breaking tenacity of this plied yarns have four extreme values,and the distribution of these values have certain regularity.


These lectures introduce some of the basic theory of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization with the primary aim of developing the theory of CMB polarization from inflationary gravitational waves, as well as some of the related theory of weak gravitational lensing (cosmic shear) of CMB polarization. We begin with production of polarization by Thomson scattering. We then discuss tensor-harmonic analysis (the ``grad-curl'' or ``E-B'' decomposition) on a flat and full sky in some detail. The Boltzmann/Einstein equations required to predict the CMB temperature/polarization pattern due to primordial gravitational waves are derived. We show that gravitational waves produce a curl component of the CMB polarization while density perturbations (at linear order) do not. We then show how cosmic shear induces a curl component from a curl-free surface of last scattering. We describe, though in less detail, how higher-order correlations can be used to subtract the cosmic-shear--induced curl. Several exercises are provided.


To combat orange Peel skin, active ingredients can intervene directly in lipolysis. lipogenesis and fat accumulation in adipocytes. This article discusses two fo those ingredients and a variety of test methods to demonstrate their efficacy.


The characterization of natural honeys produced in different areas of Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, was carried out on the basis of either their physicochemical properties or metal contents. The ranges of physicochemical properties were: moisture 14.45-15.95%, total sugars 58.98-80.60%, pH 3.88-4.58, total acidity 10.90-21.84 meq kg -1 , ash content 0.139-0.398% and colour light amber-yellowish. According to these values, honey samples met all national and international specifications. Heavy metal analysis was carried out by using atomic absorption spectrometry to detect pollution in the provinces where the honey samples were collected. Mg was the most abundant element in honey samples followed by Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb and Cd. All these metals were found in non-significant values and are in safety baseline levels for human consumption.


Although several vision screening techniques are available for infants, including Optokinetic Nystagmus, Preferential Looking and Visual Evoked Potential, none is routinely utilized. Visual deficits are often first detected through required preschool vision screenings. These screenings vary in their comprehensiveness and administration. No standardization for testing or administration exists. Referrals for further examination appear to be higher for those children receiving a thorough battery, suggesting that some of the testing procedures used have inappropriately high rates of false negatives.


I would like to thank Gary Freeman for some exceptionally useful comments. Any remaining errors of fact, interpretation, or good taste are, of course, my own.


The present state and the existing problems in investigating the microand nanoflows are reviewed. In particular, the following problems are discussed: methods of description of the microand nanoflows; applicability limits of the hydrodynamic description; unusual properties of the microand nanoflows; the problems of hydrodynamic simulation of micromixers; algorithms of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nanoflows; data of the MD simulation of nanoflows; fluid structure and transport processes in nanochannels.


In the United States, a dramatically increased incidence and mortality of brain tumors have been observed over the past decades. Of the ∼44 thousand new cases of primary malignant and benign brain tumors diagnosed per year, high grade astrocytomas or multiform glioblastomas show particularly bad prognosis in spite of therapeutic developments. Current management of multiform glioblastoma includes the most extensive surgical resection possible, followed by adjuvant radio‐ and chemotherapy. However, treatment is frequently hampered by decreased radiosensitivity of the tumor. Recent studies revealed that subpopulations of glioblastoma cells show amplified checkpoint activation of the cell cycle upon ionizing radiation, which induces overactivation of DNA repair processes and leads to maintained proliferation rate as well as clinically observed radioresistance and recurrence of the tumor over time. In addition, overexpression of some transmembrane receptors has also been implicated in radioresistance. However, the role of the overexpressed proteins can only be interpreted reliably if their multi‐faceted molecular interactions are properly characterized. Thus, based on recent evidence for the functional crosstalk between certain cell adhesion molecules and receptor tyrosine kinases, we have examined the molecular interactions of the receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR and the cell adhesion molecule β1‐integrin using flow cytometric and microscopic fluorescence resosnance energy transfer (FRET) measurements on two cellular model systems showing similar expression patterns to low and high grade astrocytomas. On the one hand, U251 glioblastoma clones established by introducing varying amounts of extra chromosome 7 into the cells, and on the other hand stable, high and low EGFR expressing transfenctant U251 NCI sublines were investigated. The results revealed that increased EGFR and β1‐integrin expression levels correlate with stronger EGFR—β1‐integrin heteroassociation, while concurrently the EGFR homoassociation is decreased, suggesting that β1‐integrins may dynamically modulate the homoassociation state of EGFR receptors. This functional relationship may play an important role in decreasing radiosensitivity and tumor progression, especially since the EGFR—β1‐integrin molecular interaction appears to promote radioresistance via the Akt pathway.In the United States, a dramatically increased incidence and mortality of brain tumors have been observed over the past decades. Of the ∼44 thousand new cases of primary malignant and benign brain tumors diagnosed per year, high grade astrocytomas or multiform glioblastomas show particularly bad prognosis in spite of therapeutic developments. Current management of multiform glioblastoma includes the most extensive surgical resection possible, followed by adjuvant radio‐ and chemotherapy. However, treatment is frequently hampered by decreased radiosensitivity of the tumor. Recent studies revealed that subpopulations of glioblastoma cells show amplified checkpoint activation of the cell cycle upon ionizing radiation, which induces overactivation of DNA repair processes and leads to maintained proliferation rate as well as clinically observed radioresistance and recurrence of the tumor over time. In addition, overexpression of some transmembrane receptors has also been implicated in radioresistance. However,...


We report our institutional experience with the accuracy and usefulness of cervical amputations with frozen section evaluation of the endocervical margin in the management of preinvasive squamous epithelial lesions. Four hundred and fourteen consecutive patients, who underwent amputation of the cervix because of a preinvasive epithelial lesion, or discrepancy between cytologic and biopsy findings especially when colposcopic evaluation was unsatisfactory, had frozen section evaluation of the endocervical margin. Medical records were reviewed and pathologic findings were compared with those obtained on paraffin embedded sections. Frozen section analysis of the upper endocervical margin led to the diagnosis of a residual lesion in 90 (21.7%) cases. In 59 (14.2%) of these cases a further excision was performed during the same operative procedure leading to complete resection in 34 (8.2%) cases. In 403 (97.3%) cases the diagnosis based on the frozen section was corroborated by the permanent sections. For the diagnosis of insufficient cervical resection, the sensitivity and specificity of frozen sections were 93.8% and 99.7% respectively. We conclude that frozen section evaluation of the upper endocervical margin at the time of cervical amputation is a reliable procedure that increases the rate of complete resection. The risks associated with additional anesthesia are then reduced, as are inconvenience to the patients and costs.


Focusing on theories and practices related to outcomes-based learning (OBL), this paper presents arguments for adopting an OBL approach in Canada's community colleges. Introductory sections review internal and external reasons for making changes to the teaching and learning paradigm, such as new demands for training and reduced funding. Part I then reviews the values related to learning, learners, and the role of the educational institution stemming from traditional and OBL approaches, indicating that the traditional educational values view human beings from a rational/behavioral paradigm, while OBL views them from a phenomenological/development point of view. Part II provides reasons for shifting to an OBL approach related to accountability, effectiveness, efficiency, Tlexibility, equity, access, and quality and describes differences between traditional education and OBL in terms ,f program design, teaching roles, and program organization. This section also defines learning outcomes as the significant, essential, transferable, and verifiable learning that must be demonstrated to receive credit for a course or unit; describes differences between learning outcomes and behavioral competencies; and provides a learning outcomes checklist. Part II also details how to write learning outcomes for college programs, highlighting common pitfalls. Finally, part III provides a guide to planning for learning in courses, including planning learning activities, creating a practice and assessment plan, and key differences in assessment and evaluation practices between traditional and OBL approaches. (KP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** A Workshop sponsored jointly by The Advanced Education Council of British Columbia and The Centre for Curriculum and Professional Development


Objective To study on distribution characteristics of constitution classification in TCM in multitude with high blood pressure accompanying with heart failure in some area of Kunming city and explore the relativity between the constitution classification in TCM and the disease.Methods the standardized scales including nine kinds of constitution classification in TCM were applied to make a cross sectional survey.Results The 414 valid questionnaires included 376 patients with hypertension and 38 normal subjects.In the group with hypertension,117 cases were in gentleness constitution,86 cases in simple partial constitution and 173 cases in biased constitution.The most common constitution was the Qi-deficiency type in all the multitude,and the differences of multitude constitutions in TCM between normal blood pressure,high blood pressure and hypertension patients accompanying with heart failure were significant(P0.05).Conclusion The constitution classification in TCM is complex,and the constitution of Qi-deficiency type in the aged people with hypertension is popular,the constitution of Yang-deficiency type is the decisive factor to occur hypertension companying heart failure,and the blood stasis and phlegm-dampness constitutions are also the important factors in the disease.


Object:Congenital heart disease can be explored,classified,diagnosed definitely and treated early by Color Doppler Ultrasound.Method:HP7500 Color Doppler Echocardiography produced by American HP Company and GE Vivd7 Color Doppler Echocardiography produced by American GE Company are used to check 256 cases children patients who are suspected as congenital heart patients during 2008 to 2010,and 210 congenital heart children patients are diagnosed. Result:83 cases,39%of the patients are diagnosed with Ventricular Septal Defect;15 cases are diagnosed with Ventricular Septal Tutor and Defect;20 cases are diagnosed with Arterial Septal Defect;55 cases,26.1%patients are diagnosed with Atrial Septal Defect;38 cases,18,9% patients are diagnosed with Patent Ductus Arterosous;15 cases,0.07%patients are diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF);9 cases,0.04%patients are diagnosed with Endocardial Cushion Defect; 3 cases,0.014%patients are diagnosed with Persistent Truncus Arteriosus;2 cases,0.01%patients are diagnosed with Tricuspid Atresia;2 cases,0.01%patients are diagnosed with Double Oudet Right Ventricle;2 cases,0.05%patients are diagnosed with Primary Pulmonary Hyperfension; 1 cases,0.005%patients are diagnosed with Dextrocardia and Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection.Conclusion:It is exact and noninvasive to diagnose children congenital heart disease by Color Doppler Ultrasound,which can provide valuable clinic reference for choice of operation methods and evaluation after operation.


The circular economy is characterized as regenerative economy that aims to preserve the greatest value of products and materials. Currently, the transition to the circular economy is not only a necessity, but it gradually becomes a social and economic paradigm. The implementation of the circular economy gradually changes and will change the nature and intensity of every sector regardless of its reproductive cycle. For producers, particularly in the rapidly growing sectors, the development of innovative business models will be essential to comply with the principles of the circular economy. The fastest growing sector includes the textiles and clothing industry. The implementation of innovative business models in the field of textile and clothing industry is thus a challenge that the sector is facing. Slovakia as EU member state is facing the same challenge. Bodies operating in the textile and clothing industries must be gradually prepared for changes that brings the legislation and get ready for the trends that determine the changes mentioned. The article presents the results of research that shows the potential of the Slovak textile and clothing producers, coupled with the transition to the aforementioned new economic model, with a focus on implementing new circular business models into their activities, benefits and disadvantages of this procedure and the limits of implementation new business models into the activities of entities operating in the textile clothing industry in Slovakia.Implications for Central European audience: This paper aims to contribute to the development of a topical and beneficial subject-matter related to transition from a linear to a circular economy in Central Europe. This entails knowledge on the imminent obligations of producers in one of the fastest growing sectors of Central European economies, i.e. in the textile and clothing industry. Such knowledge enriches the existing business models with a new business paradigm. In theoretical terms, this knowledge creates a platform for further scientific research potential and economic, business, and management education at universities. In practical terms, this knowledge represents a proactive approach of producers to the creation and implementation of innovative business models.


Soft robots made from soft materials can adapt to different harsh environments and ensure safety for operators. However, they require efficient sensing methods to feedback their states. In this article, a differential sensing method to measure the angle of a soft system using coiled conductive polymer fibers (CCPFs) is presented. CCPFs, which are economically fabricated and suitable for wide range measurement, can be embedded inside soft materials with high compliance. By modeling the resistance changing regulation of CCPFs, a deferential sensing method based on the resistance changing model is established to eliminate the nonlinearity and drift. A multidimensional angle control system based on the differential sensing method of CCPFs is established to verify the accuracy. The root-mean-squared error of the developed method is lower than 3.6% of the measured amplitude in the single-dimensional angle testing and about 4.3% in multidimensional angle testing. The hysteresis of CCPF sensor is reduced from 0.13 to 0.03 by the differential sensing method. This article will not only provide a reliable multidimensional angle sensing method for soft robots, but also lay a theoretical foundation for wider application for other types of resistive soft sensors.


The end of the twentieth century saw dramatic improvements in the prognosis of HIV infection brought about by the introduction of new agents (the protease inhibitors and the non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) and their use in highly active combinations. However, the durability of these combination treatments is limited by a number of factors including adverse effects and extensive intra‐class cross‐resistance so that new antiretrovirals acting on alternative targets and having improved systemic tolerability profiles are required. The HIV binding and entry process offers several potential targets for antiviral interaction. These include gp120 binding to CD4 and to chemokine co‐receptor molecules as well as the fusion process itself, which involves interactions between two leucine zipper‐like 4‐3 repeat regions within gp41 known as heptad repeat (HR)1 and HR2. Peptides such as enfuvirtide (formerly DP178 or T‐20), that mimic the HR2 region of gp41, inhibit HIV‐1 by a mechanism that is thought to involve competitive binding to HR1. This review summarises the clinical development of enfuvirtide, providing an overview of the pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety data in various patient populations, and also considers the evidence for the key role of genotypic changes in the HR1 region (amino acids 36–45) in determining viral susceptibility to inhibition by enfuvirtide. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Between adjacent major element absorption edges, background intensities at differing wavelength positions were found to be related linearly. Also, background intensity at any position is linearly related to the reciprocal of the mass absorption coefficient for any wavelength between the absorption edges.

The method presented here allows for the determination of background, as well as mass absorption coefficient, by a single measurement at an interference-free background position (which can be the Compton scatter 'peak'). If the mass absorption coefficient is already known, backgrounds may be calculated directly.

Tests on geological materials show that, while not as accurate as conventional methods of background determination, relative accuracies of two to five percent are obtainable with a very considerable saving in time, since intensity at only one background position need be measured. Use of low dispersion high reflectivity analysing crystals, e.g. LiF(200), is possible because it is no longer necessary to attain interference-free background positions between peaks.

Furthermore, the method is ideally suited to the determination of background intensities in energy dispersive systems where spectral resolution is a problem and in multi-channel units where only one channel need be used for the determination of both mass absorption coefficient and backgrounds for a group of trace elements.

The method has been used in the low cost determination of trace elements in large numbers of geochemical prospecting samples.


Complex dielectric permittivity measurements of tri and tetra-alkylammonium salts in C6H6 and CCl4 solutions have been performed in the 8 - 35000 MHz frequency range. Relaxation spectra, corrected for conductivity losses, are nearly half-circles in the case of tri-n-butylammonium picrate while they exhibit a much more complex shape in the case of tetra-n-butylammonium salts. For the incompletely substituted salt, the hydrogen bond favours the formation of molecule-like ion-pairs and the main relaxation process is the diffusional rotation of such ion-pairs. For concentrated solutions of tetra-butylammonium salts, the state of the solute can be pictured as large, non-rigid aggregates without a permanent dipole moment. The polarization arises from an instantaneous asymmetrical distribution in the positions of the ions under an applied electric field. The complicated shape of the spectra is accounted for by assuming this asymmetry to vanish through the diffusional translation of the ions.


The formation of soil organic matter via humification of plant litter is important for long-term carbon sequestration in forests; however, whether soil fauna affects litter humification is unclear. In this study, we quantified the effects of soil fauna on the optical properties (i.e., ΔlogK and E4/E6) of the alkaline-extracted humic acid-like solutions of four foliar litters by removing soil fauna via litterbags with different mesh sizes in two subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Litterbags were collected at the leaf falling, budding, expanding, maturation, and senescence stages from November 2013 to October 2015 to assess whether the effects of soil fauna on litter humification vary in different plant phenology periods. The results showed that soil fauna significantly reduced the ΔlogK and E4/E6 values in the leaf expanding stage of oak litter and in the leaf falling stage of camphor and fir litters. The richness index of soil fauna explained 21%, 55%, 19%, and 45% of the variations in the E4/E6 values for oak, fir, camphor, and pine litters, respectively. The effects of litter water content on these optical properties were greater than that of temperature. These results indicated that soil fauna plays a key role in litter humification in the leaf expanding and falling stages and are potentially involved in soil carbon sequestration in these subtropical forests.


The design and synthesis of mechanically responsive materials are fascinating and these types of materials are potential candidates for developing materials which will convert thermal energy to mechanical work. In the present investigation for the first time, we reported the thermosalient effect in a series of halo derivatives, the halo derivative with higher electronegativity and poor halogen bond strength (Cl···Cl) shown good thermal response and the decrease in effect were observed with decrease in electronegativity and increase in halogen bond strength (I···I).1 We observed the different thermal events (jumping/explosion, and cracking) in halogen derivatives such as Compound-A (3,5-di Chloro Salicylidene), B (3-Bromo-5-Chloro Salicylidene), C (3,5-di Bromo Salicylidene) and D (3,5-di Iodo Salicylidene) in a decreasing order even they all are isomorphous, 3D isostructural and having the same type of hydrogen/halogen bonding interactions and similar packing, except the change in halogen atom. The Compound-A exists in three polymorphic Forms, two room temperature (Form I and II) and one high-temperature Form (Form III) where Form I to III is a reversible thermosalient transition and From II to III is irreversible and non-thermosalient. Compound-B and C also exist in two polymorphic Forms; Compound-B Form I to II is irreversible whereas Compound-C is reversible with thermosalient effect. The thermosalient behavior of molecular crystals is mainly due to anisotropy in the cell parameters (increase in a-axis and decrease in b, c-axes) and sudden release of accumulated strain during phase transition.2 This study demonstrates the utility of halogen and hydrogen bonded molecular crystals in exhibiting thermosalient effect under thermal stress and also presents a rationale for the design of thermo-responsive crystals and energy converting materials.


Knowledge of the viscoelastic properties of the resin present in uncured pre-impregnated composites is essential for the development and optimization of current automated manufacturing processes for composite parts (AFP, ATL, FPP...). Time-temperature superposition applied to the tack force between the prepreg and the tool allows to optimize production times without influencing the viscoelastic behavior of the material by simply varying the temperature. The application of this time-temperature superposition principle requires the calculation of two parameters that depend on the matrix of the composite and that are usually calculated by rheological tests with pure resin samples. In this work a novel method to obtain these parameters directly from the pre-impregnated composite material using adhesion tests is presented. The values obtained have been validated against those obtained in rheology from pure resin samples, showing an excellent agreement


ABSTRACT Much of the debate in contemporary urban studies has surrounded the provision of affordable housing in capital and regional cities. Master planned estates (MPEs) have emerged as the dominant form of housing in Australia. Master planned estates often include private governance mechanisms to regulate resident behaviour and building designs, improving the sales potential and creating an enhanced living environment for residents. Using case studies of three MPEs this paper explores aspects of the building design codes (BDCs), including their rationale, contribution to initial engagement and resident experiences. It finds that while the BDCs are perceived as integral to improving estate sales and the long-term operation, the developer's commitment declines over time. The BDCs help to attract new residents by creating predictability. The estate residents are largely supportive of the BDCs and some feel abandoned when the developer's commitment declines. The results are interpreted through a commodity perspective, which considers how the moments of production, exchange and consumption are inflected through culturally derived notions of home and home-making processes.


AbstractThis essay begins by suggesting that although the ideas of Hegel appear more mystical and less practical than those of Adam Smith, both philosophies are nevertheless dependent on metaphysical assumptions. Smith's philosophical outlook finds its modern reflection in the notion of commensurability, the idea that social realities, amongst other things, can be indexed by a unitary measure of value. Economic cost–benefit analysis takes commensurability to its logical extreme by claiming that, for instance, the question whether to construct another London airport can be decided by applying a strict commercial analysis, attributing costs and prices to the whole range of environmental and human factors (but what value to place on a Norman church located in the path of the proposed runway?). A particularly intractable aspect of cost–benefit analysis is that, since any large investment project will almost certainly create benefits for some people and disbenefits for others, the analysis must include invidio...


Abstract Occurance competition between redox and complexation reaction of Cu(II) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (HTBA) was investigated, in the presence of excess of 2-thiobarbituric acid, a yellow copper (I) complex was formed. Mixing of excess of copper (II) with 2-thiobarbituric acid a brown colored complex was produced. This complex was mixed valence complex. A combination of elemental and thermal analysis has shown the formulae CuI (HTBA)2 C1.3H2 0, CuI(HTBA)C1.2H2 0 and CuICuII(HTBA)4 (TBA) 3Cl2.6H2 0. The electronic spectra of the compounds in the solid state, magnetic susceptibilities and i.r. and e.s.r. spectra were studied.


Due to its special composition and crystal structure,hydroxyaoatite exhibits excellent adsorption property. As a new kind of environmentally friendly material and high efficient adsorbent,its application fields have been widening. The absorption mechanism of HA is different for different materials,so the synthesis methods are required to be modified. However,the reports on the relationshiop between the absorption mechanism and prepartion technology are limited. In this review,the difference in the absorption mechanism for heavy metal ions and proteins is analyzed,and the relationship between the absorption mechanism and preparation technology is discussed. Moreover,the research tendency in this field is also pointed out.


This paper describes the new hybrid method adopted in the TRMM standard algorithm that estimates the vertical profiles of attenuation-corrected radar reflectivity factor and rainfall rate. The attenuation correction is based on a hybrid of the Hitschfeld-Bordan method and a surface reference method. The new hybrid algorithm assumes errors in both the surface reference and the measured rain echoes. The optimum attenuation correction factor is determined by maximizing the conditional probability of the path-integrated attenuation for a given surface reference and a measured reflectivity profile.


Many retirement income products attempt to satisfy multiple and sometimes conflicting objectives because retirees desire products that provide retirement security, inflation protection, liquidity, asset growth and the potential for an estate. In this paper, we used historical data over the past 90 years to conduct simulations and analyze how a Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefit (GLWB), systematic withdrawal, and partial Variable Immediate Annuity (VIA) strategies performed in meeting these multiple objectives. With the exception of retirement income starting dates at the beginning of the Great Depression, all three strategies performed well in providing income throughout retired life. The partial VIA and GLWB strategies provided better "peace of mind" retirement income products, while the systematic withdrawal strategy offered the greatest flexibility in managing retirement assets. Overall, we conclude that a partial VIA income strategy comprised of a VIA and supplemental liquid asset account would have provided the best mixture of income generation, risk management, and estate potential for the majority of cohorts.


A Transputer-based graphics subsystem is considered with particular emphasis on biomedical image handling. The tool is composed from six elementary subsystems including two graphical subsystems which make use of the concurrent architecture of the INMOS transputer series including the G170 Colour Palette. At this stage the graphical systems are prototypes designed to interface to concurrent simulations of the human vocal tract and basilar membrane.


This paper explores the emergence of narratives (memoirs, literary, and young adult fiction) that chronicle the abduction and prolonged captivity of young women. This paper names this genre the ''urban captivity narrative'' and maps the social and political factors that inform its wide-spread popularity. These factors include the post-9/11 social and political climate, our social fixation on damsels in distress, the primacy of the sexual confession, and renewed fears surrounding paedophilia and sexual predators.


How learning is conceptualized and negotiated is affected by the theory of learning implicit in the design of the curriculum. The shift to online learning provides the opportunity to build capacity into the curriculum with new appreciation of the effect of the change of context and process.Three theories of learning will be presented and compared: a theory of learning that assumes transference and is acquisition-based; a theory of learning that assumes transference by means of participation within a community and a theory of learning that is activity-centered and aims to be transformative. Each of these theories foregrounds particular affordances to privilege different teaching strategies. The effects and opportunities of these are evaluated within specific initiatives for teaching and learning ethics in a particular context.This paper will describe and evaluate the teaching of ethics in two capstone courses that form part of the undergraduate engineering program at the University of Cape Town. The analysis identifies teaching strategies that are utilized and highlights differences in the way assessment operates to capture learning. Teaching and learning relating to ethics within engineering is seen to gain distinct emphases from the wider course curriculum, where the particular context affects the learning outcomes and the knowledge, skills and values developed.


SUMMARY Eight confined lactating cows at mid lactation fed diets based on silages were used in an incomplete Latin square design to evaluate the effects of increasing rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on nitrogen utilization and excretion. Four diets were used. Diets designed as A1 and B1 had, on a DM basis, 45% pasture silage and 20% alfalfa haylage, while diets A2 and B2 had 38% permanent pasture and 27% alfalfa silage. Diets A and B differed mainly on the level of RUP. Diets A were formulated accepting up to a 20% RUP deficit and included soybean meal, while B diets covered 100% of estimated RUP requirements, using fish meal as a protein source. In spite of causing a lower N intake (P < 0.05), diets higher in RUP (B diets) resulted in similar milk production. Productive N (secreted as milk nitrogen plus N in daily gain, expressed as g day–1 and as g kg–1 of N intake) was improved significantly (P < 0.05) in higher RUP diets. Faecal and urinary N excretion were also lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in these diets. Intake N used in productive functions was higher in B diets (P < 0.01). The relationship productive N v/s intake N and excreted N (faeces plus urine) per litre of milk produced, and productive N v/s excreted N were all improved with B diets. These data indicate that correcting a RUP deficit of high silage diets with fish meal, increased the efficiency of the use of N for productive functions and decreased potential contamination through a reduced N excretion.


from 19 high schools filled in a questionnaire and were checked for their response to the Schick test. The overall incidence of positive responses to Schick tests was 6%, less than that found in the previous studies. Nonimmune status did not correlate with questionnaire results and could not be explained by the immigrant factor identified in the Sydney study.I Positive responses ranged from 2% to 13%, with a significantly higher . incidence in schools identified as "disadvantaged" on socioeconomic criteria (P<O.05). This study confirms that significant numbers of children enter New South Wales high schools without adequate protection against diphtheria (and possibly tetanus and poliomyelitis, by analogy with the Sydney study). It points to the possibleimportance of socioeconomic factors that may influence the development of immunization strategies. w. Cormick, L Davies, R. Hallinan, R.Kwa, W.Lee, A. Russell, P. Woodward, Year 5 students, Facult y of Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300.


Atenolol is a selective β1 receptor antagonist, a drug belonging to the group of beta blockers (sometimes written β-blockers), a class of drugs used primarily in cardiovascular diseases. Introduced in 1976, atenolol was developed as a replacement for propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug Atenolol with different polymeric systems by the solvent evaporation technique using 20 % w/w of di butyl phthalate to the polymer weight, as plasticizer which can deliver the drug up to 24 hours in a controlled manner. The matrix-type transdermal patches were prepared using different polymers like Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB), Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP), Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMM) and their combinations. Dichloromethane as a solvent system was selected for the preparation of patch of Atenolol and di butyl Phthalate (DBP) as plasticizer. The diffusion study was carried out using K-C type diffusion cell for 30 hours which showed drug release up to 25 hours in a sustained and controlled manner.


Galaxies and clusters embedded in the large-scale structure of the Universe are observed to align in preferential directions. Galaxy alignment has been established as a potential probe for cosmological information, but the application of cluster alignments for these purposes remains unexplored. Clusters are observed to have a higher alignment amplitude than galaxies, but because galaxies are much more numerous, the trade-off in detectability between the two signals remains unclear. We present forecasts comparing cluster and galaxy alignments for two extragalactic survey set-ups: a currently-available low redshift survey (SDSS) and an upcoming higher redshift survey (LSST). For SDSS, we rely on the publicly available redMaPPer catalogue to describe the cluster sample. For LSST, we perform estimations of the expected number counts while we extrapolate the alignment measurements from SDSS. Clusters in SDSS have typically higher alignment signal-to-noise than galaxies. For LSST, the cluster alignment signals quickly wash out with redshift due to a relatively low number count and a decreasing alignment amplitude. Nevertheless, a potential strong-suit of clusters is in their interplay with weak lensing: intrinsic alignments can be more easily isolated for clusters than for galaxies. The signal-to-noise of cluster alignment can in general be improved by isolating close pairs along the line of sight.


In order to improve the efficiency of the SRG wind power generation system using a switched reluctance generator (SRG), this paper proposes a design method to harmonize the output characteristics of a SRG and wind turbine (WT) by using the finite element method.


X-ray inspection is intended to be used as an escalation technique for inspection of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) in aerospace applications, especially in case of unclear indications from ultrasonic or other NDT modalities. Due to their large dimensions, most aerospace components cannot be scanned by conventional computed tomography. In such cases, X-ray Laminography may be applied, allowing a pseudo 3D slice-by-slice reconstruction of the sample with Tomosynthesis. However, due to the limited angle acquisition geometry, reconstruction artifacts arise, especially at surfaces parallel to the imaging plane. To regularize the Tomosynthesis approach, we propose an additional prescan of the object to detect outer sample surfaces. We recommend the use of contrasted markers which are temporarily attached to the sample surfaces. The depth position of the markers is then derived from that prescan. As long as the sample surface remains simple, few markers are required to fit the respective object surface...


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a contact structure on the fin field-effect transistor device, wherein a method comprising: forming isolation structures ridge having a notch over the substrate, forming a gate over the fin structure forming a plurality of spaced fin-type buried contact structure (addition portion contacting the peripheral surface of the recess portion of the inner circumferential surface at least) has an outer peripheral surface of the recess, and forming at least for each of a fin-type buried contact structure a source / drain contact structures. An apparatus comprising: a buried contact structure is a plurality of fin interval raised isolation structure on the opposite side of the gate structure in the recess. Each fin contacts the upper surface of the buried ridge structure is located below the upper surface of the isolation structure, and each of the outer peripheral surface of the fin-type buried contact structure contacting at least a portion of the inner recess peripheral surface.


Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) have gained popularity both in research and in industrial fields. This is due to their ad hoc nature, easy deployment thanks to the lack of fixed infrastructure, self-organization of its components, dynamic topologies and the absence of any central authority for routing. However, MANETs suffer from several vulnerabilities such as battery power, limited memory space, and physical protection of network nodes. In addition, MANETs are sensitive to various attacks that threaten network security like Blackhole attack in its different implementation (single and multiple). In this article, we present the simulation results of single and multiple Blackhole attack in AODV and OLSR protocols on using NS-3.27 simulator. In this simulation, we took into consideration the density of the network described by the number of nodes included in the network, the speed of the nodes, the mobility model and even we chose the IEEE 802.11ac protocol for the pbysicallayer, in order to have a simulation, which deals with more general and more real scenarios. To be able to evaluate the impact of the attack on the network, the Packet delivery rate, Routing overhead, Throughput and Average End to End delay have been chosen as metrics for performance evaluation.


It has long been recognized that learning can be impaired when animals are infected or immunodepressed. Several things could account for this, including deficits in exploratory activity or attention due to stress, metabolic burden or parasitic manipulation. With the exception of parasitic manipulation, such effects may reflect an adaptive trade-off in investment between learning and either maintaining steady-state immune responsiveness or mounting a response to infection. One prediction of the adaptive trade-off hypothesis is that increased learning effort, which might be reflected as an increased level of performance or maintaining a given level of performance in more difficult learning tasks, will lead to reduced immunocompetence and thus resistance to infection. We tested this prediction in outbred BKW mice using a simple maze learning task. Mice required to learn more variable food locations in a radial maze showed a reduced proportion of correct responses and a positive relationship between learning performance and the severity of a subsequent infection with the blood protozoan Babesia microti. While a general increase in total IgG concentration (a measure of peripheral immune responsiveness) over the experiment was damped in high variability treatments, this did not relate directly to learning performance. While neither learning performance nor infection correlated with intercurrent changes in steroid hormones (corticosterone and testosterone), infection was positively associated with pre-experimental corticosterone concentration, and learning performance weakly so. The results thus suggest some predisposition towards spatial learning and infection among mice with higher starting concentrations of corticosterone, but no modulation of corticosterone in relation to the learning experience itself.


The putative benefits of both collective action between firms and collaboration more generally have been suggested as ways to alleviate the problems of the Australian wine industry, as well as to increase its overall productivity and contribution to regional economies (see, in particular, Sheales et al, 2006). However, salient approaches to the identification of collaboration and collective action have lacked analytic rigour. Following a critique of what we identify as the 'institutional approach' derived from Zanni et al. (2006) and the 'cluster approach' derived from Porter (1998), this paper argues that the public finance literature, in particular work derived from Oakerson's (1999) discussion of shared services can be deployed to provide a useful system of classification of collaborative and collective action. Treating the value chain as a 'club', we then consider the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation (GWRDC) as an example of a vertical shared service and reflect upon implications of the paper for the Australian wine industry. JEL classification: L32, L38, Q13


We describe a microfabrication process that, thanks to a specifically tailored sidewall profile, enables for the first-time wafer-scale arrays of high-aspect ratio through-silicon vias (TSVs) coated with DC-sputtered Aluminum, achieving at once superconducting and CMOS-compatible 3D interconnects. Void-free conformal coating of up to $500\ \mu\mathrm{m}$-deep and $50\ \mu\mathrm{m}$-wide vias with a mere $2\ \mu\mathrm{m}$-thick layer of Al, a widely available metal in for IC manufacturing, was demonstrated. Single-via electric resistance as low as $468 \mathrm{m}\Omega$ at room temperature and superconductivity at 1.25 K were measured by a cross-bridge Kelvin resistor structure. This work establishes the fabrication of functional superconducting interposers suitable for 3D integration of high-density silicon-based quantum computing architectures.


Context: Nipah virus infection is an emerging life threatening zoonotic disease. Health care workers are at the highest risk of getting the infection. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding Nipah virus infection among medical interns of a tertiary care hospital, Mangaluru and also to assess the readiness of medical interns dealing with cases of Nipah virus infection. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 94 medical interns of a teaching hospital in Mangaluru. Methods and Material: Questionnaire comprising of 33 questions was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice behaviors of the medical interns. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics as mean and standard deviation and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 10.28 (± 2.31), 8 (± 2.9) and 15.85 (± 3.7). Three (3.2%) of the medical interns correctly knew the best modality of diagnosis of Nipah. All the interns correctly answered the samples to be collected for diagnosis and 72 (76.6%) correctly answered the lab where samples have to be sent. Majority i.e. 64 (68.1%) of the medical interns correctly enumerated the preventive measures to be employed. Eighty four (89.4%) of them were aware about the availability of vaccine. The correlation between the adequate facilities available with practice domain and training provided with practice domain were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study, the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Nipah virus infection were found to be inadequate. There is an urgent need to address these gaps.


Abstract:
The abstract of this paper is part of a PhD. Thesis, and for the purpose of publishing an extracted study, we presented Identity as an Exile Aftermath with Reference to some Kurdish novels as its title. The impacts of identity towards the details of exile has been shown in the AbdullAllah Saraj's WNGA , Farhad Peerbal's Hotel Awrupa, Ahmad Mala's Panahanda, Deedar Maseefi's Elshya and Rewas Ahmad's Zhin. This paper focused on the conditions of being exile, people's daily lives with those who are indigenous peoples and those who, just like them, are exiled .Further, it points out how they showed their identity as a way to defend themselves not to lose their identity among the foreign nations over there. They employed identity as a tool for their existence. For this purpose, those who have been exiled used their individual identity as well as their national identity.

Key words: Assimilation and Integration, Discrimination, Association, Self-Identity, National-Identity.


Issues that dominate the construction industry for the long time such as time overrun, cost overrun, quality of construction and also safety during the construction process are difficult to resolve because of several factors involved which amongst them are leadership quality in the industry. Solving these issues can make the industry more sustainable in nature. This paper presents the need of leadership quality among construction parties involved to steer a construction project successfully. Literature work found that 11 leadership qualities to ensure construction project success. From the frequency analysis, five most dominant leadership qualities are team building, communication skill, visioning, planning & strategy skill, and decision making. Beside the literature, this study also seeks an opinion from a senior leader of a successful construction company regarding the need of these qualities amongst parties to resolve the construction issues. The results from an interview session indicate that he fully agreed with the need of all the qualities in the construction industry. This shows that there is a strong relationship between solving the issues with the leadership quality in ensuring construction project success. These qualities should be further investigated to acquire a better representation of leadership quality in resolving construction issues for Malaysia construction industry.


Objective Retrospective summary of clinical experience of wet autologous fat particles grafting with the stromal vascular cells and adipose stem cell-assisted,autologous fat transplantation withwith fat stem cell auxiliary during January 2008 ~April2013.Methods In 549 cases,532 were completed by one stage of filling injection.In the other 17 cases,the second procedure had been done due to the bad fat survival.Almost of the cases got significantly improvements and achieved desired clinical effect.In 2 cases minor complications happened.Results Conclusion Follow-up of 1~5,this kind of fat autologous transplantation can improve the survival rate of transplanted fat.Conclusion Autologous fat transplantation with with fat stem cell auxiliary can significantly improve the survival rate of transplanted fat cells and get good long-term effect.


Consumption is a very important aspect of human life that cannot easily be done away with, which determines also the saving level, and how individuals can prepare for their future retirement and hence post retirement lifestyle. It is therefore the aim of this paper to determine the consumption function of Ghanaians under the Permanent Income Hypothesis. Using a time series data on final household consumption expenditure and real GDP from 1970 to 2010, a Cagan's adaptive expectation model was adopted to test the hypothesis that Ghanaians do plan their consumption with the view of the future. The results confirmed that indeed the Permanent Income Hypothesis holds in Ghana. Based on the findings of this paper, it can be said that post-retirement poverty is prevalent because the permanent income itself is always very low. It is recommended that, efforts be made to raise income in general in order to improve the permanent income to be able to alleviate post-retirement poverty in Ghana. their consumption ., 2011). Bernheim, et al . (2001) using Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data, found that: total food expenditure declines by about 30% between the pre and post retirement periods for the average household; the decline in expenditure occurs for both food purchased at grocery stores and food "away from home"; and total expenditures decline dramatically regardless of the household's position in the pre-retirement wealth distribution. The research also revealed that while the decline in expenditure is largest among low wealth households, very wealthy households and median wealth households experience similar declines in food expenditure at the time of retirement. The decline in expenditures at the time of retirement was not limited to food.


This paper examines the performance of a mean reversion test based on the integration of trend stationarity (TS) and constrained autoregressive (CAR) tests. We study and document the behavior of the unified test under a random walk process, a TS process, a CAR process attributed to Jegadeesh, and a "Fads" process. We find evidence that the unified test can distinguish between unit root and trend stationary processes. Particularly, under a TS process the p-values of the models participating in the unified test gradually improve with aggregation and the best p-value is displayed by the TS test. We also find that under a TS process the magnitude of the slope coefficient tends to increase (in absolute value) with aggregation with the largest slope coefficient displayed by the TS process. In contrast, the patterns created by the unit root processes that we examine are markedly different.


International Finance is a theoretical and professional course. With the modernization of the education, we should establish modernized education ideas and utilize modernized teaching technology to design the teaching procedure for this course. And we should organize and perform the course teaching with the purpose to enable the students to learn "how to learn" and enable them to master "what is learned".


Abstract The problem of post-election violence seems to be ever-more present as complexities of nation-building and democratic development arise. This report deals with some relevant questions. It is based on the outcome of discussions at a December 2008 workshop organized in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by the Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy at the University of Oxford, the Center for Global Communications Studies at the School, University of Pennsylvania and the Centre for Communications Policy Research. Our objective was to examine the role of the media in the aftermath of competitive elections. The workshop provided the opportunity to explore the election experiences of Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Somaliland, Tanzania and Sudan in a comparative framework. The focus was on understanding why election violence occurred after some elections, what the role of the media was in either exacerbating or resolving disputes, and what this suggests about the broader political project and the state of the media in the countries under examination. This report is only an introduction to the subject. Additional structured research will be important in furthering our understanding of these important issues, but we hope that this provides a starting point from which to launch deeper studies. As a way of furthering research in this area, this report suggests three ways of analyzing the role of the media can play in post-election violence: 1) as an amplifier, facilitating and accelerating the spread of messages that both encourage violence or appeal for peaceful resolutions; 2) as a mirror, offering either an accurate or somewhat distorted reflection of the state and nation-building process; and 3) as an enabler, contributing to the process of nation-building. We conclude by offering media policy recommendations. This deals some relevant questions. It is on the of discussions at a December 2008 workshop organized in Addis Ababa, by the Comparative Media Law and Policy Global Policy Research. 1 Our objective was to examine the role of the media in the aftermath of competitive elections. The session was devoted to comparative analysis of recent elections in the region within their particular historical, political and social contexts. Discussion focused on the nature of violence, where it occurred, and the role of the media before, during and after elections. The Kenyan, Ugandan, Tanzanian and Ethiopian cases were presented in detail, and brief introductions to the situation in Somaliland and Sudan were offered. This session explored the state-specific historical and political factors raised in the introduction in terms of their impact upon the legitimacy of institutions and government capacity to resolve conflict as well as the conduct of elections more generally. The role of the media in nation-building and conflict resolution was also discussed. media regulation in a comparative context. The desirability of regulation, in and in particular discussed. Various state responses to a need for regulation were explored with particular reference to recent events in Uganda and Ethiopia.


The crystal structure of 3:2 mullite (3Al2O 3 2.2SiO 2 ) has been refined by Rietvel refinement of x-ray powder diffraction data. The average structure is described successfully by previously published models for 2:1 mullite. Bond lengths of tetrahedral cations are slightly shorter, because of the smaller ionic radii of Si 4+ relative of Al 3+ . Using ultrasonic methods, we determined the bulk modulus. The result, 174 GPa, is slightly lower than that of a prediction based on a rigid-ion ionic crystal model: 190GPa


Scientific performance evaluation of college teachers has unique significance to the development of universities with high competitiveness. This paper builds different index systems for different types of disciplines and sets different index weights for different kinds of teachers in the corresponding index systems. Finally, it realizes the classification and type-discrimination based on the performance evaluation of college teachers. Based on the analysis, we take a middle university as an empirical research which confirms the feasibility and science of this kind of evaluation method, and give some opinions or suggestions which benefit the development of this university. It is hoped that this paper can shed some light on the research on the performance evaluation of college teachers.


The invention discloses a method adopting the complex common protection to prepare S-protective glutathione, which comprises the following steps: the chiral auxiliary, the divalent metal ion salt and L-glutamic acid are adopted to form complex in the alkaline methanol to realize the common protection of the L-glutamic acid Alpha-carboxyl and the amino; the L-glutamic acid of the complex common protection is connected to the S-protection L-cysteine through the protocol reagent to form the S-protective glutathione of the complex common protection; the S-protective glutathione of the complex common protection is connected to the glycin through the protocol reagent to form the S-protective glutathione of the complex common protection; the S-protective glutathione of the complex common protection is hydrolyzed in the diluted acid to gain the chiral auxiliary precipitate and the mixed solution of the S-protective glutathione and the divalent metal ion; the S-protective glutathione is separated with the divalent metal ion through the cation exchange resin. The invention is simple in operation, high in yield, low in production cost and is convenient for the industrial application.


In surgery medical devices are used that should be sterile. To obtain surface steam sterilization conditions in hollow medical devices (e.g. endoscopes), sufficient water vapour should be present in the narrow channels in these devices during sterilization. In this paper, a model to calculate the water vapour distribution in narrow channels during steam sterilization processes is presented. The narrow channels in the devices are modelled as tubes with one open and one closed end. The model is restricted to isothermal situations in which no condensation takes place. To validate the model, the time evolution of the water vapour density at the closed end of a test tube is quantified by a pilot experiment based on infrared light absorption measurements. A stainless-steel test tube was used with a length of 54 cm, a radius of 1.5 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm. These dimensions are comparable to the channels in medical instruments. Both the model calculations and the experiments show that for a wide range of sterilization process parameters the vapour density near the closed end of the tube is insufficient for steam sterilization. Despite the simplicity of the model, a fair overall agreement is found between the model predictions and the experimental results. This agreement can be improved significantly by an empirical modification of the boundary conditions at the open end of the tube. Our calculations show that the tube length is the most important parameter. Some possible changes in the process parameters to increase the water vapour concentration at the closed end of the tube are addressed briefly.


We demonstrate 1.6 Watts of stable single frequency output from a tapered 785 nm diode laser in external cavity. The external feedback element is a combination of a BaTiO3 phase-conjugating crystal and a mirror.


With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), more and more communication access networks are connected to the IoT network. However, the large number of these access networks and the access mode is complicated, the existing quality of service (QoS) guarantee methods can not satisfy the requirements of heterogeneous access network. This paper proposed a software defined distribution optical network architecture (SD-DON) and an access method for QoS guarantee by utility function. Numerical results verified the performance and reliability of QoS guarantee method of heterogeneous access network.


Abstract This article examines the EU's role in the emergence of international development policy in the 10 member states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Development policy provides useful insights into policy making as it is a key way that states operationalise their foreign policy. Thus, development policy gives us insights into the foreign policy priorities of the new member states. This article reviews the emergence and elaboration of policy relating to international development in the new member states and explores how far we have witnessed the Europeanisation of development cooperation in CEE states.


Electrocatalytic reduction of NO3– takes place efficiently in the presence of a small amount of CoIII– or NiII–cyclam (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradecane) in aqueous solutions to give NH2OH selectively at an Hg electrode.


Development of marginal/mature fields has become popular because of a significant decline in new field discoveries and high oil prices. In particular, small size fields of this kind are more challenging because of limited options for development. This paper presents a study on the Sinclair field located in Alberta, Canada. The field has 19 wells, six of which are horizontal, and have been in production for more than 20 years. Despite the quality of oil (40°API, 1.5 cp) and rock properties (20% average porosity, water-wet sandstone), the current production is less than 100 bbl/D for the whole field. The field is now undergoing waterflooding. The main challenges are the thin pay zone (~4 m), severe water production and a puzzling recovery factor of approximately 10%. The current study consists of three phases: numerical reservoir modelling and history match to understand the reasons for low oil production and to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of the field, characterization of reservoir and interwell connectivity using static and production data and proposing an enhanced oil recovery technique supported by field scale numerical simulation. After modelling and history matching stages, potential reserves locations are estimated for possible dilute surfactant injection. Based on interwell connectivity, different injection schemes that use some producers as injectors are tested. The obtained results are subject to further evaluation and analysis to derive the economic viability of the field.


This research has been financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) through projects CTQ2010-21532-C02-01, CTQ2011-23156/BQU, CTQ2008-00683, and Consolider Ingenio 2010 (CSD2006_0003). J. R. thanks the Universitat of Girona for a BR predoctoral grant. A. P. thanks MINECO for a Ramon y Cajal contract (reference number RYC-2009-05226) and the European Commission for a Career Integration Grant (CIG09-GA-2011-293900). Z. F. thanks MINECO for a Ramon y Cajal contract. M. S. thanks the Catalan DIUE of the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant number 2009SGR637) and ICREA-Academia for an award


With the development of monitoring technology,monitoring framework based on industrial Ethernet becomes into industrial control upstart,Web technology becomes the new development direction of monitoring software.Taking the advantage of network and embedded system perfect combination,realization of remote network monitoring system will become the mainstream.Wireless transmitting station automation is the one of the key works of SARFT "Twelfth Five-Year Plan".It is helpful to the security broadcasting and benefits from social and economic benefits.The paper will emphasis on the transmitter monitoring system design based on Web,through the introduction of transmitter monitoring system based on SNMP protocol,it has the value of certain forward-looking to the development application and popularization of transmitting station remote network monitoring system based on Web technology.


A theoretical description of quantum jumps at the level of elementary particles is proposed, based on a micro-cosmological interpretation of their de Broglie phase. The third quantization formalism proposed in current literature for the description of baby universes in quantum cosmology is used here to describe the breakdown of unitarity in the transition from the pre-jump to the post-jump wave function. The corpuscular aspect manifested by the particle in the micro-interaction that originates the jump is represented by a pair of evanescent "micro-universes", respectively pre- and post-jump, connected by a wormhole. The latter represents the actual implementation of the interaction that leads to the projection on the outgoing state; this interaction is always local, even when the selected outgoing state is entangled. Therefore, the decoherence which leads to the emergence of classicality is originated by the same fundamental interactions of the Standard Model involved in the unitary evolution of the wave function. The objective nature of the reduction process admits implications on the possibility of using the formalism in the cosmological context, which are briefly discussed.


Adolescents and youth face vulnerabilities and risks in their sexual and reproductive life that expose them to problematic events such as teenage pregnancy. This is why the Ministry of Health affirms that youth motherhood has a greater representation in poor communities, reproduces the cycle of poverty and has as a consequence for society a high loss of population with possibilities of education and productivity, which ultimately affects social exclusion.

Our study is quantitative with a descriptive observational approach, whose purpose was to identify the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods in adolescents of the tenth and eleventh grade in the morning session of a public institution in Santiago de Cali, for the collection of the information a validated Auto-administered survey was used.

With which we obtained the following results, a large percentage of adolescents that corresponds to 51.4% said they know the different methods of contraception while 48.6% are in error and have a wrong knowledge, as to the use of them there are different perceptions and answer what makes us see that what is said is not congruent with what is practiced in the daily life of adolescents.

That is why we emphasize that there is a problem of ignorance and use, which responds to our research.


All the cells of the individuals with phenotypes "p" y "Pk" lack the glucidic antigens of "public" blood groups. These subjects form natural and regular antibodies against the missing structures (anti-P, anti-PP1 y anti-PP1Pk) that agglutínate or hemolyze the redblood cells of every individual, excepting those with the same phenotype. Due to the Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Medicina Transfusional. 2008; 24(3) http://scielo.sld.cu exceptional character of these pictures (a few individuals per million) and their association with severe transfusional hemolytic reactions and repeated miscarriages, these subjects should be identified and characterized.


Objective: To determine the contents of vitamin E in the solution by the dressed electrode technique. Methods: The contents of vitamin C was determined by the technique of vitreous carbon electrode dressed and the method of ballast phase alternating current dissolving out voltammetry. Results: The limit of the determination of vitamin C was 2.16 10~(-6)mol/L.Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid and easy to operate and the satisfactory result can be obtained.


In this paper, we consider nearly saturated station areas whose limited capacity is one of the main reasons of delay propagation. Our goal is to improve, during the planning phase, the total travel time in practice of all passengers in the railway network. Therefore, passenger numbers and recurring delays of trains are explicitly taken into account in the optimization process. By maximizing the (passenger- and/or delay-) weighted spreading between trains in a fixed time window, potential conflicts that affect many passengers are avoided which is beneficial for the total real travel time of all passengers. Using our approach, the passenger robustness of Brussels, Belgium's main railway bottleneck, can be improved by 11%.


When a cyber-security event occurs, a person has to answer the following questions: what events are happening, where are the events occurring, and how much damage has occurred or will occur. This paper recommends a cyber-security monitoring system that provides correlation of time-series event data, a visual representation of the security events, and gives a predictive forecast of potential events based on known environmental states. The rationale for this comes from the need to have an overall view of security events or storms that are occurring on a network while providing information in reference to severity and a propagation pattern. Thus, it can potentially provide an early warning so that events or storms can be proactively mitigated. In addition, it can help in making business decisions by determining or understanding the relationship between the computing devices and the business/information technology services they make up.


As are the attenuation coefficient and sound speed, the backscatter coefficient is a fundamental ultrasonic property that has been used to characterize many tissues. Unfortunately, there is currently far less standardization for the ultrasonic backscatter measurement than for the other two, as evidenced by a previous American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM)–sponsored interlaboratory comparison of ultrasonic backscatter, attenuation, and speed measurements (J Ultrasound Med 1999; 18:615–631). To explore reasons for these disparities, the AIUM Endowment for Education and Research recently supported this second interlaboratory comparison, which extends the upper limit of the frequency range from 7 to 9 MHz.


The detection of hate speech in online social media platforms is of great importance in text classification. There is a need to research languages other than English. In this paper, we describe our team Astralis' combined effort in the shared task HASOC. We analyzed various models such as Naive Bayes, SVM, ANN, CNN, and embeddings such as TF-IDF, Multilingual BERT, and OPENAI-GPT2. Our relative performance was better in Subtask B for all languages, with our best-performed system ranked in second position in German Subtask B.


The development of practical routes that enable the synthesis of unimolecular non-natural macromolecules on multi-gram scales remains a key challenge in polymer chemistry. Herein, we present a continuous flow setup employing the light-induced chemistry based on photocaged dienes as a controlled ligation system to establish a new platform for scalable monodisperse macromolecular synthesis. 800mg of sequence-defined linear chains with 8 repeating units were obtained in a sequential protecting group based 2-step process. The current study demonstrates that photoflow synthesis is a viable approach to generate large quantities of monodisperse oligomers.


Abstract : The possibility of using a low pressure mercury discharge to detect ion plasma oscillations was examined. It was found that 1) collisions will not interfere with the phenomenon; 2) the current which maintains the discharge will cause the waves to grow (through the two-stream instability) in a time comparable with or less than the oscillation period. Aside from complications caused by the fact that the maximum growth occurs at rather short wavelengths, detection of these waves appears quite feasible. (Author)


SummaryThe effects of four soil NaCl levels (0, 1 600, 3 200, and 4 800 μg g−1) on the growth, chemical composition and plant water relationships of pistachio cvs Badami, Fandoghi and Kale-ghoochi were studied in an arid calcareous soil in a glasshouse experiment. Fandoghi was less tolerant to NaCl salinity probably because of higher uptake and/or transport of CI and Na ions, lesser osmoregulatory ability, and greater reductions in the top and root dry weights with respect to the CI concentration in the soil saturation extract. The 50% reduction in the top and root dry weights were obtained, respectively, at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 9.3 and 10.0 mmhos cm−1 for 'Badami', 7.9 and 7.9 mmhos cm−1 for 'Fandoghi' and 9.6 and 10.0 mmhos cm−1 for 'Kaleghoochi'. Growth of tops and roots was stopped, respectively, at ECe values of 18.7 and 20.6 mmhos cm−1 for 'Badami'; 15.9 and 15.5 mmhos cm−1 for 'Fandoghi', and 19.2 and 20.4 mmhos cm−1 for 'Kale-ghoochi'.


Comicbook Book Club! is a weekly after school book club program for teens ages 14-18. The program will supply participants with recommended weekly comicbook readings that feature characters from a diverse variety of settings, in which they face challenges particular to their situation (sexuality, gender, socioeconomic class, culture, ethnicity, disability, and so on). A meeting facilitator will offer guidance for group discussions on readings and related topics, leaving freedom for conversations to develop organically.


TO THE EDITOR— We thank Nannini and Arias for their interest in our article [1]. They raise several important issues in assessing the impact of emergency department occult Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia on patient outcomes [2]. Although 30-day mortality is a commonly used study endpoint in most bacteremia outcome researches, we agree that a 30-day follow-up period might be inadequate for patients with S. aureus bacteremia. We therefore reanalyzed our data using 90-day survival as the study endpoint for occult S. aureus bacteremia patients (case group) and S. aureus bacteremia patients who were directly admitted at the time of their initial emergency department visit (control group). We found that there remained no survival difference between the case and control groups (Figure 1). Attributable mortality has been used as the outcome variable in several S. aureus bacteremia studies. However, determining attributable mortality in connection with a particular bacteremia episode is subject to information bias, and is therefore appropriate only in a prospective study or randomized controlled trial in which the outcome is evaluated independent of knowledge of the predictor variables [3, 4]. Furthermore, it is well recognized that S. aureus bacteremia tends to be complicated by embolic events, mycotic aneurysms, and recurrent bacteremia. All of these


Any configuration of multiterminal HVdc system is accommodated in a generalized Newton dc load-flow program. It readily interfaces with any ac load flow program. Pract ical operating requirements have been given particular attention to permit aspects such as converter transformer tap-limits, pole and bipolar dc outages, emergency pole-paralleling and detailed control and scheduling strategies. Examples are provided of typical solutions incorporating realistic dc and ac systems, and accomplished in conjunction with an established modern ac load flow program.