The weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme is improved by introducing new smoothness indicators that evaluate the interactions among the classical smoothness indicators suggested by Jiang and Shu. The effect of the key parameters in the new smoothness indicators on the scheme is systematically investigated. The improved scheme has smaller dissipation with larger weight assignment to the discontinuous stencils and higher numerical accuracy with weights closer to the ideal weights. To verify the theory, benchmark problems governed by the linear transport equation, the 1‐dimensional nonlinear Burgers equation, and the Euler equations are conducted and analyzed, respectively. Better computational performances both on numerical resolution and accuracy are shown in the comparisons with other classical weighted essentially nonoscillatory schemes.


Enterprises which are distributed in space and/or which are composed as a temporary joint venture of legally different units recently often called virtual (extended) enterprises. Planning, design and operation (management) goals and requirements of such firms are generally different from those of single, centralised enterprises. The basic feature of a virtua) enterprise is that the co-operating units of it keep their independence during the life-cycle of the co-operation – what is well regulated by the rules of the given conglomerate. On the other hand that several basic functionalities and goals are the same for all types of distributed, large, complex organisations, which are the targets of our recent study. The evolution of some web-based manufacturing design/planning and operation system philosophies can be followed through the works presented in this paper. We intend to give software solutions for design, planning and operation (management) of complex, networked organisations represented as nodes of networks.


Seven new 3,4,6-trisubstituted α-pyrone derivatives, violapyrones A-G (1-7), were isolated from Streptomyces violascens obtained from Hylobates hoolock feces. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The antimicrobial activities of 1-7 were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against fungi. Compounds 1-3 showed moderate antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 4-32 μg/mL.


Note: Presentation abstract, InterCOST Action 831 and 837, Soil-microbe-root Interactions: Maximizing Phytoremediation/bioremediation, Grainau/Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 23-25 May 2002 Reference LBE-TALK-2002-002 Record created on 2005-03-02, modified on 2016-08-08


Since the 1950s, there has been an enormous number of reports on estrogens, estrogen receptors (ERs), ER blockade, aromatization inhibition and related topics underlying great progress in mainstream clinical management of breast cancer. Beginning with Beatson's report of bilateral oophorectomy for advanced breast cancer in 1896 before hormones were known, hormone manipulation for treatment of advanced breast cancer came to the fore after the Nobel Prize-winning reports by Charles Huggins that many advanced breast cancers in humans remitted after bilateral oophorectomy and adrenalectomy in the 1950s. He and Dao observed high urinary estrogen excretion in patients whose breast cancer responded to the surgery, compared to estrogen excretion in nonresponders. They stated, ''The excretion of estrogen in the urine of women who have undergone oophorectomy is abolished by adrenalectomy.'' Androgens were not specifically mentioned regarding this extirpative surgery, but androgens were otherwise considered, because Huggins and Dao apparently postulated that testosterone administration for advanced breast cancer might have a therapeutic benefit. They treated 15 such patients with testosterone; there were no clinical responses. Although Dao and Huggins did not allude to androgen ablation per se, the adrenalectomies they reported were actually ''subtotal androgenectomies.'' They removed adrenal androgens—precursors of estrogens, but still androgens; moreover, not all adrenal androgens are aromatized into estrogens. Since estrogens are made from androgens by a process of androgen aromatization, adrenalectomies deplete the female of both androgens and resultant estrogens even though estrogens are not formed in the adrenal glands. (It should be noted that aromatase inhibitor drugs in current use block the metabolism of androgens to estrogens, to deplete the female of estrogens but not androgens.) Still more, bilateral oophorectomy removed another important source of androgens as well as estrogens in females. Normal women have circulating androgens, albeit in smaller amounts that males. More than half of the circulating testosterone in females is produced in the ovaries, and bilateral oophorectomy has been reported to reduce the circulating level of bioavailable testosterone by 50% even in postmenopausal women out to the age of 89 [1]. Indeed, Huggins and Dao were of the opinion that in certain cases in their series, the ovaries of postmenopausal women had active endocrine function that made oophorectomy desirable in that group. Is this androgen biology per se all irrelevant except in the context of estrogens and ERs in human breast cancers? There are prospective epidemiologic reports that higher circulating androgen levels in women are associated with higher carcinogenic risk of developing breast cancer. In a review of eight prospective cohort studies regarding association of endogenous testosterone levels and breast cancer risk, six of the eight studies showed a statistically significant increase in postmenopausal breast cancer risk with increasing levels of endogenous testosterone [2]. It has been known since the 1970s that many human breast cancers reveal androgen receptors (AR). Moinfar et al. [3] recently studied AR on formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded archival specimens in 200 cases of breast cancer. Eighty-seven (60%) of 145 cases of invasive carcinoma and 45 (82%) of 55 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ were AR positive. The great majority of well differentiated carcinomas were both AR and ER positive. Notably, in poorly differentiated carcinomas, 39% were ER negative but AR positive. Also, in poorly differentiated carcinomas, 30.5% were both AR and


This symbolic run-time debugger for Ada provides facilities for observing and manipulating the execution of a monitored program, also for concurrent aspects. The debugger can be used interactively, and also as a monitoring program to control the application. A feature of this project is the use of relational algebra for defining compiler and kernel interfaces and for handling debugger information. The implementation is based on an Ada task to interface with the debugging operator and a set of user-defined Ada monitoring tasks. A prototype of the debugger was completed as a part of ART, a relational translator and interpreter for Ada.


Canine demodicosis is a common cutaneous condition in dogs, characterized by a proliferative increase of mites from the genus Demodex. Despite its high prevalence, the onset and development of demodicosis are still unknown; however, they are primarily associated to an immune dysfunction. The immune system plays an important role controlling mites in healthy animals as well as on the development of the disease in sick animals. The immune mechanisms that lead to an unbalance in the innate and adaptive systems, as well as the mite mechanisms to evade the immune system remain unknown. Consequently, various hypotheses have been proposed to try explaining possible immune mechanisms. This paper aims to conduct an updated review of the main hypotheses related to the immune mechanisms associated to demodicosis in dogs.


We analyzed first-dose coronavirus disease vaccination coverage among US children 5–11 years of age during November–December 2021. Pediatric vaccination coverage varied widely by jurisdiction, age group, and race/ethnicity, and lagged behind vaccination coverage for adolescents aged 12–15 years during the first 2 months of vaccine rollout.


In this paper, Sherman's inequality is extended from convex functions to the class of (α ,β) -convex functions including (k,h) -convex functions. Sherman's type results corresponding to Jensen-Steffensen, Mercer-Steffensen and Brunk inequalities are established. The obtained results are applied to mixed (α ,β) -convex functions. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 39B62, 26D15.


Permethrin was applied to the shaved dorsal interscapular region of female C57B1/6 mice at doses of 0.5 or 1.5 θ 1/day in corn oil and neat 5.0 θ 1/day. These doses corresponded to approximately 22, 66, and 220 mg/kg/day topical permethrin. Mice were exposed in this manner either daily for 10 or 30 consecutive days, or every other day for 7 or 14 exposures. Body weight was not affected by any of the treatment regimens. However, thymic weight was decreased and splenic weight was increased by 1.5 or 5.0 θ1 permethrin/day, 2 days after termination of 10 consecutive days of topical chemical exposure. Cell surface antigen expression did not change in any treatment group on thymocytes (CD4, CD8), splenocytes (CD45R, Thy 1.2), or bone marrow cells (CD45, CD45R). A persistent, dose-related inhibition of the contact hypersensitivity (CH) response occurred in mice at all exposure levels of permethrin tested.


A class G of graphs is said to be χ-bounded if there is a function f : N → R such that for all G ∈ G and all induced subgraphs H of G, χ(H) ≤ f(ω(H)). In this paper, we show that if G is a χ-bounded class, then so is the closure of G under any one of the following three operations: substitution, gluing along a clique, and gluing along a bounded number of vertices. Furthermore, if G is χ-bounded by a polynomial (respectively: exponential) function, then the closure of G under substitution is also χ-bounded by some polynomial (respectively: exponential) function. In addition, we show that if G is a χ-bounded class, then the closure of G under the operations of gluing along a clique and gluing along a bounded number of vertices together is also χ-bounded, as is the closure of G under the operations of substitution and gluing along a clique together.


In 1831 Old London Bridge was demolished following the construction of Sir John Rennie's replacement structure. Begun in 1176, it was the first stone bridge to have been erected across the Thames and until 1763 it had boasted a famous parade of shops and houses on either side of a narrow thoroughfare. Throughout Europe whole communities were supported by such habitable bridges. The last bridge of this type to be built in Britain was Pulteney Bridge constructed in Bath in 1773. This work examines the contribution that habitable bridges have made to city life from the Middle Ages to the present day. The history and construction of major inhabited bridges in Europe, the Middle East and America are discussed in detail. In Europe these include Old London Bridge, the Ponte Vecchio in Florence, Venice's Rialto Bridge and the Pont de Notre Dame in Paris. One section of the book is devoted to presenting the seven shortlisted entries in a competition to design a habitable bridge for London, spanning the Thames from Temple Gardens on the North Bank to the area in front of London Weekend Television building in the south. Among the entries is one by Daniel Libeakind, originator of the "boiler house" proposal for the extension to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Four pages are accorded to the winning entry in the competition.


Background/Aim: Radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the hand is thought to be associated with poor function. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term functional outcome in patients with and without radiotherapy. Patients and Methods: At long–term follow-up (mean 10±5 years), 33 (13 males, 20 female) patients, were alive for review. The mean patient age at surgery was 33±17 years and 13 (39%) patients received radiotherapy (mean dose 55±6 Gy). Results: Postoperatively, the mean QuickDASH and MSTS93 were 7±8 and 92±8%, respectively. Comparing patients with and without radiotherapy, there was no difference (p>0.05) between the mean QuickDASH (5±5 vs. 8±9) or MSTS93 (93±9% vs. 91±8%). Surgical complication occurred more commonly in patients with radiotherapy (46% vs. 15%, p=0.10). Conclusion: The use of radiotherapy was associated with a higher rate of complications, however, was not associated with a worse long-term functional outcome in patients with hand STS.


A conventional procedure for incorporating nitrogen into a vial, in order to prevent degradation of the active ingredient by aerobic oxidation, was unsuccessful. It was found that the best method for introducing nitrogen into a container is to perform the operation in a nitrogen atmosphere within a closed system. Variables associated with the method are discussed.


We consider a retrial queueing system with a finite number of homogeneous sources of calls and a single server. Each source generates a request after an exponentially distributed time. An arriving customer finding the server idle enters into service immediately; otherwise the customer enters into an orbit. The service times are supposed to be exponentially distributed random variables. An orbiting customer competes for service, the inter-retrial times are exponentially distributed. Upon completion of a service, with a certain probability the server searches for an orbiting customer. Assuming the search time to be negligible, the source, service, and retrial times to be independent random variables, we perform the steady-state analysis of the model computing various steady-state performance measures and illustrative numerical examples are presented. The novelty of the investigation is the introduction of orbital search by the server for customers in finite-source retrial queues. The MOSEL-2 tool is used to formulate and solve the problem.


Objective — to determine the relation of the main phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota (IM) with markers of systemic inflammation and the degree of hepatic steatosis in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic disorders.
Materials and methods. The study included 114 patients with NAFLD with excessive body mass and obesity and 30 people as a control group, who were investigated on the basis of the Department of Gastroenterology and Therapy of the Polyclinics of the L. T. Mala National Therapy Institute of NAMS of Ukraine. The mean age of the investigated subjects was (52.56 ± 11.70) years. Anthropometric measurements were carried out with the calculation of the body mass index (BMI), determination of the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using the OMRON BF‑511 body composition monitor. To determine the VAT dysfunction, the visceral obesity index (VOI) was calculated by the M. C. Amato method. Determination of CRP and TNF‑alpha levels was carried out by enzyme immunoassay. The assessment of the degree of steatosis was carried out by determining the wave attenuation coefficient (WAC) and shear wave elastometry. Determination of the composition of the intestinal microbiota at the level of the main phylotypes was carried out by identifying the total bacterial DNA and DNA of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria by the method of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time.
Results. The NAFLD patients displayed significantly increased levels of CRP and TNF‑alpha in comparison with the control group. A weak direct correlation has been established between CRP, TNF‑alpha and Firmicutes (r = 0.24 (p = 0.0029) and r = 0.17 (p = 0.0350), respectively), and an inverse correlation dependence of CRP on Bacteroidetes (r` = – 0.29 (p = 0.0003)). Analysis of the dependence of the ratio of the main intestinal phyla (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) on markers of systemic inflammation in NAFLD patients with different activity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) revealed an increase in the ratio of the main phyla of IM with an increase in VAT activity. In the group of NAFLD patients with high VAT activity maximum values of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio have been defined. Patients with increased levels of CRP an TNF‑alpha displayed an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Patients with advanced steatosis showed more significant changes in the main phyla of IM towards an increase in Firmicutes.
Conclusions. The dependence of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio from the markers of systemic inflammation and VAT activity has been established. The maximum values of the index (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) were observed in NAFLD patients with a high degree of visceral obesity index and hepatic steatosis as well as elevated CRP and TNF‑alpha levels.


Welfarism is a popular view among contemporary philosophers. Many find it hard to see how something that benefits nobody could be the least bit valuable or worth bringing about, or how something that harms nobody could be the least bit disvaluable or worth preventing. What few philosophers seem to have noticed is that welfarism can be formulated in two importantly different ways, depending on whether one has in mind momentary wellbeing (i.e., how well off one is at a particular time) or lifetime well-being (i.e., the welfare value of one's life considered as a whole). According to what I will call at-a-time welfarism,


Abstract This paper compares new bias-dependent descriptions for the Pucel and Pospieszalski noise models for GaN HEMT devices. It is proposed to replace the traditional descriptions of the noise sources by general noise powers linked to the drain current. A well-behaved bias dependence of the new parameters is observed for both models the new approach reduces uncertainty in the nonlinear noise model extraction. Finally, the performance of the bias-dependent noise models under nonlinear excitation is investigated and it can be shown that Pucel and Pospieszalski models yield comparably good accuracy in noise prediction.


The domestic cleaning business in Sweden has been controversial over a period of time, raising issues of "black" employment, exploitation and harassment of the cleaners. After 2007 the connection of the cleaning businesses with the state through the tax office, is claimed to have bettered the working conditions for the workers, interpreted through statistics, although qualitative researches are still mentioning cases of mistreatment. All hitherto research known has been having the cleaners on focus. With this study, the effort is to shine light to the dispositions of the other unexplored side, that of the clients. Through the relatively mirrored qualitative research with two different groups, that of cleaners and clients, filtered with the theories of Intersectionality and Foucauldian power it is found that the nature of the contact is colored with stories of shame and embarrassment from both sides which affects up to a certain extent the nature of the relationship. It is also found that both groups trust each other on different levels, and that gender does not play a direct role to how the contact is shaped and developed.


Industrialization in England had a great impact on the life of the world. However, the emergence of stratification sometimes leads society to divisions where conflict is inevitable. The condition let the true human relation be fractured. George Eliot's Silas Marner portrays the class stratification classes in Warwickshire, England. The aims of this study are to describe kinship destruction as the result of English's social stratification in George Eliot's Silas Marner and to explain the reflection of society's world vision where the author lived on the novel. The method used is the qualitative study and analysed by using Lucien Goldmann's theory of genetic structuralism. Silas Marner shows that kinship destruction occurred is rooted from differentiation in society. The upper class are described as the one who always benefits and vice versa. Eventually, this is evoked social jealousy and conflicts. Meanwhile, society's world vision that described is the bad result of social stratification in Warwickshire especially between landed gentry and local farmer. Eliot seemed to convey that social stratification existed is a trigger to a kinship destruction since the differentiations tend to create a conflict among them


The delicate balance between elastic energy and electrostatic energy in highly strained BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films results in complex mixed-phase patterns, which poses significant challenges for theoretical understanding and complicates the realization of its full potential in magnetoelectric, electromechanical, and photovoltaic devices. In this letter, we explore in-plane electric field induced phase transition in strain engineered BFO thin films and elucidate the mechanism behind the assembly behavior of complex nano-scale phase domains. Our approach enables deterministic control of phase variants with well-defined structures and orientation, paving the way for designing novel data storage devices based on mixed phase BFO.


The quasispecies model of biological evolution for asexual organisms such as bacteria and viruses has attracted considerable attention of biological physicists. Many variants of the model have been proposed and subsequently solved using the methods of statistical physics. In this paper I will put forward important but largely overlooked relations between localization theory, random matrices, and the quasispecies model. These relations will help me to study the dynamics of this model. In particular, I will show that the distribution of times between evolutionary jumps in the genotype space follows a power law, in agreement with recent findings in the shell model - a simplified version of the quasispecies model.


Abstract The reproductive biology of tree lucerne or tagasaste, Chamaecytisus palmensis (Leguminosae), was investigated for two populations, one naturalised and one cultivated, on the Port Hills, Canterbury. The populations flowered in late winter and spring. The numerous white flag blossoms contained nectar and were visited by a variety of insects, but only bumble-bees were effective in operating the flowers: both bumble-bees and honey bees rob the flowers of nectar through the calyx but this does not usually directly damage the ovary. Self-pollination was recorded at the late bud stage and pollen germinated on the stigmas and penetrated the styles of these unvisited, untripped flowers. The species is self-compatible. Under open pollination, fruit production varied from 4 to 55% for individual trees. Although many ovules began to develop into seeds, abortion reduced seed production per pod to about 50% for both populations. Within pods, ovules at distal positions more often developed into seeds. Of the o...


This study looks at equality and the Swedish Armed Forces in Afghanistan. The mainquestion I examine is how the work on equality of the Swedish Armed Forces in Afghanistanrelates to queer feminist ...


When pupils are physically healthy, they engage actively in classroom activities and perform higher in their learning. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health practices and classroom engagement. This study employed a correlational research design. It involved all sixty-three (63) minority pupils in a public elementary school in Sarangani Province in the southern Philippines during the school year 2015-2016. Tailored and modified questionnaires were used to gather the needed data. The statistical tools employed in the analysis were frequency count, percentage rate, weighted mean, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that pupils display health practices to a great extent. They also exhibit a high level of classroom engagement. The analysis further revealed that there is a moderately significant relationship between health practices and classroom engagement. Hence, this study provides evidence as regards the influence of the health practices on classroom engagement. It is recommended that more comprehensive researches should be conducted in different contexts, with larger samples, and exploring the influences of other relevant variables.


The feasibility of constructing a stable overburden waste dump using hydraulic techniques has been investigated. A joint Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority - Syncrude field pilot resulted in a total of 25 000 m3 of overburden being dredged, hydraulically transported in lump form, and deposited in a number of study cells. The geotechnical properties of the deposits were tested in the field and laboratory. The results indicate that the potential exists to hydraulically construct waste dumps with Pleistocene materials. Clearwater Formation clay shale can also be hydraulically transported in lump form but the resulting deposit requires containment. Key words: dredging, overburden, clay lumps, geotechnical testing, case histories, waste dump.


This article describes an exploratory social work study that examined the efficacy of cognitive- behavioral treatment of perfectionism. A single-system design was used to analyze change due to the intervention. Three instruments, two standardized and one self-anchored, were used to collect data across the phases of the ABA design. The study was replicated with nine clients. Analysis of the data indicated that the clients experienced a considerable reduction in their levels of perfectionism as a result of the cognitive-behavioral intervention. The results also indicated that several issues were associated with perfectionism, including issues such as self-criticism, difficulty in dealing with feedback, procrastination, and unrealistic goal setting. Consideration was given to the limitations of the study as well as its applications to social work practice and research.


Post-hatch fishes lack a functional gill and use cutaneous surfaces for exchange with the surrounding environment. The ionoregulatory hypothesis posits that ionoregulation is the first physiological process to be limited by cutaneous exchange, necessitating its shift to the gills. We hypothesized that the ontogeny of branchial ammonia excretion (Jamm) is coupled to Na+ uptake () in accordance with the current model for exchange in freshwater. Using divided chambers, branchial and cutaneous Jamm, and oxygen consumption (MO2) by larval rainbow trout were assessed. Following hatch, the skin accounted for 97% and 86% of total Jamm and , respectively. Jamm and shifted to the gills simultaneously at 15 days post-hatch (dph) and were highly correlated (R2 = 0.951) at the gills, but not the skin, over development. Contrastingly, MO2 shifted significantly later at 27 dph, in agreement with the ionoregulatory hypothesis. Moreover, the mRNA expression and/or enzymatic activity of Rhesus proteins, Na+/H+-exchanger, H+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase, all key components of the -exchange system, increased in the gills over larval development. We propose that the ontogeny of branchial occurs as exchange and provide evidence for a novel element to the ionoregulatory hypothesis, the excretion of potentially lethal metabolic ammonia.


Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) is the established treatment for end-stage liver disease. Surgical procedures per se, with excessive bleeding, fluid shift, re-perfusion syndrome and electrolyte disturbances impose stress on the cardiovascular system. Patients with cardiac comorbidity undergoing OLT have higher perioperative morbidity and mortality. Cardiac assessment and optimisation are integral parts of the preoperative evaluation. Different liver transplant (LT) centres have different pre-assessment policies, but in general, all centres are moving towards more structured and objective pre-assessment. Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (DSE) and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPEX) are useful tools in preoperative risk assessment and patient optimization. With time, we will also learn more about their limitations. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on the value of DSE and CPEX for preoperative risk assessment and preoperative optimization of liver LT patients. We also added our high-volume LT centre experience. Current literature and our experience suggest that the DSE test, used widely as a non-invasive procedure to detect patients with coronary artery disease, is not as sensitive and specific as we would have expected. It is currently being used primarily for its negative predictive value. DSE has been gradually replaced with a completely different test that measures functional capacity and the ability to cope with increasing demands during the perioperative and postoperative periods. Because CPEX is comprised of several components and its interpretation is complex, anaerobic threshold (AT) was a good component to start with. Although there is evidence that lower AT is associated with higher morbidity, intra-hospital stay and mortality, further investigation is needed in order to clarify its value in LT patient pre-assessments.


Three series of compounds 1-21 were prepared by using 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridinemethanol as terminal group of calamitic liquid crystals. These compounds have some similarities in their phase behavior. They all exhibit SmA phase. A tilt smectic phase, SmC, will be formed when their flexible alkoxy chain is longer than hexoxy group. The profound difference between them is that the compounds 15-17 possess a short temperature range of N phase. The compounds 3 and 6 have the widest SmA phase, up to 94 °C, and SmC phase, up to 46 °C, respectively.


Politics after the state: Carl Schmitt, Europe and a new pluralism
This paper examines the downfall of the state as the traditional political concept during the twentieth-century by delivering a critical analysis of the writings of the German political theorist andlawyer Carl Schmitt. I argue that Schmitt can be interpreted as a thinker of international relationswho develops an original vision of a global political order beyond the Westphalian model. The aimof this article is to show that Schmitt is one of the founding fathers of contemporary Pan-Europeannationalism and a thinker who envisions a politically unified Europe as one of the potential risingsuperpowers already early in the twentieth-century. Dividing Schmitt's oeuvre into four differentperiods, I examine how his thinking develops and how his writings respond to different politicalcrises and situations, beginning from the Weimar period all the way into the 1970s. To conclude, Iexplore the actuality of Schmitt's ideas from today's perspective, arguing that while we must bedeeply critical of Schmitt's works, he nevertheless remains a timely thinker who recognizes thatpolitics must be more than economics. Schmitt reminds us of the fundamental importance andconstitutive role of ideas to the field of politics.


We study in theory the single-photon Rydberg excitation in an ensemble of two-level cold atoms at finite low temperatures. Rydberg population plotted against laser detuning may exhibit a nonlinear bistable behavior arising from the dipole–dipole interactions manifested as a van der Waals (vdW) potential. We find that Doppler broadening can result in a remarkable reduction of the bistable region, which may disappear as the atomic temperature increases to a certain value, of the order of tens to hundreds of μK. This special temperature, depending critically on the vdW potential, can be largely raised by partially eliminating the Doppler effect, when a double-photon excitation scheme is used to replace the single-photon excitation scheme.


Many compound analogies can be found in modern Chinese rhetoric such as Yi Bei Ti Duo Yu Ti,Du Ben Ti Yi Yu Ti,and Duo Ben Ti Duo Yu Ti.This complicated rhetoric phenomenon is studied and analyzed in a logical way in terms of its basic rules,its category,features and forms.A complete and systematic interpretation of its logical language system is given in terms of grammar,rhetoric and logic.


Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus appears to be a 'two hit' disease starting out as benign external hydrocephalus in infancy followed by deep white matter ischemia in late adulthood. The arachnoid granulations in infants with benign external hydrocephalus may never mature, leading to a parallel pathway for cerebrospinal fluid resorption through the extracellular space of the brain. This works well until deep white matter ischemia develops in which the myelin protein attracts the polar water molecules, leading to increased resistance to outflow of cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus.


Modern large-scale datacenters (DCs) consist of thousands of servers and the fine-grained heterogeneity of the hardware configurations among the machines becomes increasingly distinctive. This heterogeneity shows the differences between the machines with respect to their architecture, model, clock speed and caches, size and type of the memory, I/O speed of the disks, and so forth. However, current task-scheduling polices of today's cluster management systems are based on the coarse-grained metrics of resources such as the CPU cores and the size of memory. These policies obviously ignore the influence of the fine-grained heterogeneity between different servers on the task run-time and cannot achieve the optimization of task scheduling. In this paper, we propose SMHC, a synthetic metric which not only encompasses the coarse-grained resource metrics, but also considers the fine-grained heterogeneity of hardware resources to evaluate its impact on the task run-time. Based on SMHC, we propose a task-scheduling policy to schedule the jobs of Spark programs. The experiment results show that the task-scheduling policy with SMHC decreases the run-time of Spark tasks from Hibench by 16.7% on average.


Dongsheng uranium deposit is a paleo-sandstone-type uranium deposit in northeastern Ordos Basin.Because of second deoxidation,the paleo-interlayer-oxidation zone appears in special green or light-green.A large number of drilling data and detailed investigations reveal the obvious zonation of the paleo-interlayer-oxidation zone.The complete oxidation zone mainly develops in the upstream of channel,while the reduction zone is mostly located in downstream of channel with the transitional zone inbetween.The rapid change of sedimentary rhythm in channel sand can not only control the development position of territorial vanguard line of the paleo-interlayer-oxidation zone but also may lead to many fronts of the ore-roll of the paleo-interlayer-oxidation zone.The uranium ore body mainly develops in the transitional zone nearby the vanguard line of the paleo-interlayer-oxidation zone.However,when the residual-original grey reduction zone appears in the complete oxidation zone,the uranium mineralization can be formed.The gradual modification of the location of the vanguard line of the paleo-interlayer-oxidation zone is an effective means to enlarge the scale of Dongsheng uranium deposit and predict the development location of rich uranium ore body.The parts of significant change of sedimentary rhythm or sedimentary facies in channel sand body,the parts of the contact between gray sandstones and green sandstones,the parts of diffuse halo of uranium anomalies are all the criteria for the prospecting of the rich uranium ore body.


This paper presents results of Micro Airborne Radio Relay implementation designed to extend range of mobile robots in search and rescue missions. Architecture of routing device with hardware based on ARM development board is presented, as well as overview of based on mbed-rtos software. Selected radio solution with radio modem and antennas is described. Paper presents results of proposed system field tests.


Relevance of sociological research is caused by that recently the high suicide behavior in the youth environment is observed, ukhoda of euthanasia became frequent. Article purpose: to analyse risk factors of suicide behavior in youth so-so, using eventologichesky approach. Set of interdisciplinary approaches in studying of a suicide, works of the Russian and foreign scientists who were engaged in this perspective formed theoretical bases of research. Researches are the cornerstone system and complex approaches that is caused by complexity of object. Methods of research are questioning, interview, the analysis of documents. sociological research of an assessment of suicide behavior on a technique of A. Zigmond and R. Snaith. Research proves that events (eventa) are the reasons of a crisis psychological state of youth. Respectively eventologichesky approach can be applied at an assessment and scaling of risk factors of suicide behavior of youth.


The Nevada Test Site Environmental Report 2006 (NTSER) was prepared to meet the information needs of the public and the requirements and guidelines of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for annual site environmental reports. It was prepared by National Security Technologies, LLC (NSTec). This Executive Summary presents the purpose of the document, the major programs conducted at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), NTS key environmental initiatives, radiological releases and potential doses to the public resulting from site operations, a summary of nonradiological releases, implementation status of the NTS Environmental Management System, a summary of compliance with environmental regulations, pollution prevention and waste minimization accomplishments, and significant environmental accomplishments. Much of the content of this Executive Summary is also presented in a separate stand-alone pamphlet titled Nevada Test Site Environmental Report Summary 2006 produced to be a more cost-effective means of distributing information contained in the NTSER to interested DOE stakeholders.


Using the sensitivity to the initial conditions and parameters of mixed-optical bistable chaotic sequence,we have a new scrambling algorithm about watermarking image.The algorithm have not extra technology and aim at watermarking image only,so it reduce the complexity of algorithm,and because of the random character of mixed-optical bistable chaotic sequence,the effect of scrambling is well.Chaotic sequence sensitive to the initial parameters,so algorithm is safe.The algorithm has only one key,so it is different to the algorithm based on logistic chaotic sequence.Using the scrambling technology in the watermarking,the algorithm can resist concentrated attack such as shearing,so it improves the robustness of watermarking.


Objectives To investigate the clinical and pathological characters , treatment of patients with Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma(AITL). Methods From 1997 to 2004, 14 patients with AITL were reviewed retrospectively in our hospital. Results The most common symptoms at the presentation included general lymphadenopathy. 9 patients had fever. 3 patients had autoimmune hemolytic anemia.The histopathologic characteristics of AITL was generalized as:the damage of normal structure of lymphonodus,the proliferation of immunoblastic cell and arborescent supervascularization. All immunophenotyping were T cell type.14 patients were with ProMACE-CytaBOM regimen.The overall response rate was 57% and CR 3 cases, PR 5 cases. Median survival times was 25 months. 2-year survival was 60 %. Conclusions The most cases with AITL runs an aggressive course.The disease may progress rapidly and have unfavorable prognosis. Therefore further studies are repuired to improve the outcome.


Abstract Fusarium graminearum Schw. is associated with diseases in seeds and seedlings, mainly in maize, and causes damage to crops and food production. We determined the chemical compositions of essential oils from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., and evaluated their antioxidant and antifungal activity against F. graminearum. The oils were applied to the fungus using disc diffusion technique at concentrations of 8.0, 4.0, 2.0 and 1.0 μL mL−1. Fungistatic effects of P. cablin oil were detectable at 8.0 μL mL−1, with 80.0% inhibition of fungal growth. This oil contains mono and sesquiterpenes that may be toxic to fungal cell structures. P. cablin oil also had antioxidant activity in free radical sequestration experiments, where as oil from B. dracunculifolia had limited effects. We conclude that essential oil from P. cablin has greater anti-phytopathogenic and antioxidant activity than that from B. dracunculifolia. Graphical Abstract


Medical knowledge, skills and professionalism were integrated into some tasks which is suitable for Cognitive characteristics and learning patterns of medical vocational students. The "task-driven" teaching model was applied in the course. The purpose is to strengthen medical vocational students'practical ability and improve their computer professional skills.


The national security executive has grown explosively in size and power since September 11, 2001. This Article highlights a parallel development that has largely escaped notice: the rise in institutions within the executive branch charged with monitoring and protecting individual rights and liberties. Emerging out of dual political impulses to expand executive power and protect rights, these institutions have proliferated, and their paths have diverged. A civil rights office struggled for influence across multiple political administrations; an Inspector General exposed rights violations and triggered reform; a civil liberties board capitalized on the Snowden controversy to surmount presidential neglect but not partisan division. Together, these case studies suggest that internal rights oversight is constantly challenged; only with a rare confluence of leadership, design, and external political circumstances can these institutions succeed. From these accounts, the Article makes three claims on the challenges and constraints facing these institutions. First, rights-oversight institutions designed as "external reviewers," rather than as "internal advisors," may be better poised to reform policy. Second, both kinds of institutions face serious limitations in shaping executive legal interpretation on national security authority or the scope of legal rights. Third, these institutions are at perennial risk of mission drift — of shifting their attention from promoting rights to protecting national security. Ultimately, internal rights oversight plays a necessary but limited role in protecting rights at risk from the national security state.


Chapter 1 presents an overview of RIA features, and it explains the most important concepts for RIAs development, as well as their benefits and importance in several domains. In this chapter, a standard architecture for RIAs is described. This architecture has three well-defined layers: 1) the client-side that renders the rich user interface, 2) a controller layer where the business logic is executed, and 3) a data transactions manager. Important domains of Web development are presented, and in each one of them, the importance of RIAs is explained emphasizing particular features of each domain. Finally, experiences and successful stories of using RIAs in B2C e-commerce domain are presented.


Abstract Mobile devices have become ubiquitous and reasonably po-werful and well connected. However, their physical size limits possibilities of interaction, especially document creation. Dictation in mobile setting provides one solution, but limited processing power requires that the actual speech recognition is distributed to a server computer. We present MobiDic, a distributed mobile dictation application. Its user interface solutions solve problems that arise from the technical limita-tion of mobile devices and mobile user context. Index Terms : mobile applications, dictation, audio editing 1. Introduction Dictation is one of the few real success stories of speech rec-ognition technology, and speech in general can be very effi-cient data entry method [1], although there are several chal-lenges for its use [2]. Traditional dictation applications are mostly used by specific professions, e.g., doctors and lawyers, in acoustically safe environments and on computationally adequate hardware. However, people are more and more on the move most of their day, and have immediate access only to less capable hardware, both computationally and interac-tion-wise. Furthermore, their schedule is often fragmented, so they do not have time for long-lasting dictation sessions to dictate in the traditional sense. People perceive mobile dicta-tion to be very useful, but there are also great demands for its accessibility and usability [3][4]. Thus, mobile solutions al-lowing incremental dictation and notetaking are necessary to meet the current demands. However, mobile platforms, and standard mobile phones in particular, are problematic for dictation applications be-cause of lack of processing power. There are only initial pro-totypes of embedded large-vocabulary speech recognition [5]. Most advanced dictation systems need more hardware capa-bilities than is available in current and near-future mobile phones. Because of these reasons we have focused on distri-buted solution, where the dictation and editing can be done with a mobile device but ASR takes place in a server ma-chine. Furthermore, the server stores user audio recordings and recognized texts, and maintains acoustic models and dis-tributes generated document, e.g., via email. The limited interaction capabilities offered by mobile de-vices form another fundamental issue. In particular, small screens and keypads make it hard to design efficient docu-ment editing interfaces. Most of the desktop applications are assuming standard sized screens and multimodal interaction, in particular when error correction is considered [6]. Further-more, most of them are targeted for single session, real-time interaction, not asynchronous and fragmented interaction as in mobile dictation applications. There are some commercial asynchronous mobile dicta-tion solutions available. Typically, the user dictates while on move, and the recognition takes place afterwards. In this case, the process is not interactive, and the user is not able to re-view, edit and distribute the results in the mobile settings. We present MobiDic, an asynchronous dictation and note-taking application for mobile phones. In this paper, we de-scribe the MobiDic application, its functionality and architec-ture, and then discuss the user interface solutions for incre-mental dictation, audio editing, recognition results editing, and user adaptation. Figure 1.


The present invention relates to comprising 40-O- (2- hydroxy) ethyl - the dosage form of rapamycin (rapamycin) in the form of multi-particulate form extended release pharmaceutical formulation, comprising a pharmaceutical formulation, the pharmaceutical formulation and the preparation of the method described dosage form, the dosage form and the pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment or prevention of manufacture inhibits mTOR signaling pathway responsive disease or condition (e.g., a proliferative disease or immunosuppression) the medicament.


The invention discloses a full-automatic paint spraying machine and a paint spraying technology thereof. The full-automatic paint spraying machine comprises a paint spraying rack; the paint spraying rack is provided with a guide rail, a gun spraying support, a spraying gun and an insulated paint container; the paint spraying rack is internally provided with a water pump; the water pump is connected with an input pipe; the other end of the input pipe is inserted into the insulated paint container; a connecting pipe is arranged between the output end of the water pump and the spraying gun; the paint spraying rack is provided with a three-dimensional manipulator device; the water pump is connected with a second servo motor; the input pipe is provided with a first electromagnetic valve; the paint spraying rack below the guide rail is provided with a detector switch; and one side of the paint spraying rack is provided with a baking device. The paint spraying technology is characterized by placing a PCB (printed circuit board) firstly; clamping the PCB for paint spraying by utilizing the three-dimensional manipulator device; and then delivering the PCB in the backing device for baking. The paint spraying quality for the PCB board is high by utilizing the paint spraying machine and the paint spraying technology provided by the invention; and the paint spraying technology has high efficiency and low cost.


Gender disparity in incidence and severity of asthma is clinically recognized. While estrogen‐induced vasodilation is well‐known, effects on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are controversial. In human ASM, we found that both estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα‐66 and ERβ‐47 are expressed, as are two truncated ERα isoforms (ERα‐36 and ERα‐47). In fura‐2 loaded human ASM cells, acute exposure to 17β‐estradiol (17βE2; 1nM) blunts intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) response to ACh and histamine, effects prevented by ER antagonist. We tested the hypothesis that ERα is the main receptor involved in nongenomic Ca2+ regulation. Real‐time calcium imaging showed greater decrease in [Ca2+]i with ERα specific agonist R,R THC (10nM) compared to 17βE2. TNFα (50ng/ml; 24h) upregulated ERα‐66 but downregulated ERα‐36 expression. TNFα‐induced increase in its receptor TNFRI was blunted by 17βE2. Finally, TNFα‐induced enhancement of [Ca2+]i response to histamine was attenuated by ERα activation. These data suggest that in human ASM: 1) nongenomic [Ca2+]i regulation by E2 involves ERα; b) ERα activation may be beneficial in attenuating inflammatory response to TNFα. Overall, ERs may be a novel therapeutic target in airway diseases such as asthma.


Objective: To compare the efficiency of a stopcock system and a newly designed device to titrate low-flow infusions to critically ill infants. Design: In vitro study comparing fluid delivery through readily available and custom-built equipment. Setting: Engineering laboratory of a university-affiliated hospital. Patients/Subjects: None. Interventions: Two infusion pumps were used to deliver five 0.1-mL/hr infusions and an 8-mL/hr carrier through a conventional stopcock system. A diluted dye was used to quantize the amount of any given infusion reaching the patient. Samples were collected over a 90-min period and analyzed by spectophotometry. Thirty minutes into each trial, the red dye infusion rate was doubled. A multiple infusion connector was manufactured and tested in place of the stopcock system. Without a stopcock system or multiple infusion connector, both an infusion and a syringe pump were tested for accuracy of delivery of 0.1 mL/hr and 0.2 mL/hr of dye infusions. Measurements and Main Results: The infusion pump was more accurate than a 60-mL syringe pump in generating infusion rates of both 0.1 mL/hr and 0.2 mL/hr. When delivering a 0.1-mL/hr dye infusion through the distal port of an array of six stopcocks, the actual delivery of a diluted red dye infusion took approximately 32 mins to double after being increased from 0.1 mL/hr to 0.2 mL/hr. When using the multiple infusion connector to connect the low-volume drips together, the same change in flow rate caused the actual delivery of dye to double in <8 mins (a result comparable to the data from the proximal port of a stopcock). This result was independent of which port was used for dye delivery. Streaming of the red dye within the stopcock system was observed. Conclusions: When using the conventional stopcock array to titrate low-rate infusions, significant delays were observed. A device designed specifically for infusions in infants may substantially improve this system.


When outsourcing their logistics operations to transportation companies, manufacturers/retailers need to design a contract, under which payment can be made either in a lump sum or over time (i.e., per each delivery). This paper investigates how the payment method (i.e., type of contracts) impacts the transporter's delivery schedule by developing an analytical model based on the optimal control and game theories. Our findings show that the transporter's delivery schedule depends on the method of payment and the overall cost of hiring a transporter varies with the types of contracts. We provide theoretical explanations to these findings along with managerial implications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Large scale displays present a number of challenges in terms of physical construction and software control. This paper describes a software and hardware infrastructure that supports extremely large interactive display surfaces. The resulting device is capable of supporting multiple users interacting with the display surface simultaneously and the display of complex interactive graphics over expansive high resolution displays. A specific implementation 36"×54" with a pixel resolution of 5040 × 3150 pixels is presented.


authors argue that the project creates a platform for the disaster stories of Langtangpas, employing memory work as 'a recursive and adaptive process of gathering' (p. 365). In the final chapter, 'Bhukampa: Nepali Recitations of an Earthquake Aftermath', Michael Hutt focusses on Nepali poetry post-earthquake. He investigates the literary form of memory by questioning whether the contents of poetry are an 'endogenous response' (p. 368) and, if so, how they differ from the broader 'endogenous response' to life. Hutt identifies six poetry motifs relating to the disaster: anguish and determination, witness, the bhukampa (earthquake) as a punisher, the bhukampa as unifier and leveller, the distribution of loss, and political anger and distrust. Although the poets are mainly men from dominant castes, they are also individuals with personal subjectivities and in the poems, they express a general unity as a Nepali nation. Overall, this edited work is of special significance in the field of disaster studies since it was completed by multidisciplinary authors who specialise in Nepal and Himalayan studies; of the 33 authors, 14 are Nepali nationals (p. 17). The work combines the memory of the past and the ongoing memorisation in an integrative collection, which encompasses memory studies and spans the timeline of an entire event. The volume raises many useful questions and presents valuable evidence, particularly for researchers and readers interested in disaster studies and contemporary Himalayan and South Asian studies.


The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate a clinically, practical and discriminative prediction model designed to estimate in‐hospital mortality of patients undergoing colorectal surgery.


Floor joists consisting of 38 × 89 mm top and bottom chords connected by galvanized steel V webs are often used in the construction of low-rise buildings where long spans are required. An experimental and theoretical program was undertaken to evaluate the performance of such joists when used in conjunction with plywood sheathing attached to the top chord to form a truss floor system. A finite-element analysis procedure for sandwich beams with faces of unequal thickness was adapted in order to predict the load-deflection curves of full-scale floor systems. The experimental program involved the testing of double-block shear specimens to determine the modulus of rigidity of the core, shear specimens to evaluate the performance of the adhesive, and four floor sections to evaluate the performance of the floor system when subjected to uniformly distributed loads. The results indicate that a modulus of rigidity can be determined from the double-block shear specimens, the adhesive performed well under a variety o...


Another series of tables is to be constructed to facilitate the introduction of corrections for refraction and other corrections which are troublesome in reducing measures made on plates covering large areas of the sky. The formulae taken as the basis of these tables are those given by Professor Turner, but the refraction-table will give all of the differential refraction so that the four-constant solution for the plate constants which is recommended by Professor Jacoby may be employed if desired. Berkeley Astronomical Department. Burt L. Newkirk.


The local environment of transition metal (&) and lead has been studied by EXAFS for some fluoride glasses in the system PbFf Mf" = Fe3+, Ga3+). Theoretical phase shifts and backscattering amplitude are used after testing with crystallized fluorides of various structures. Transition metals are sixfold coordinated and M,-F distances are very close to those known in crystallized compounds. Lead has eight to nine fluorine neighbors forming a very distorted polyhedra. Radial distributions, partially corrected for phase shifts, show a very weak second peak but the second neighbors nature and the distances cannot be determined without ambiguity.


This paper aims at the research on intelligent maintenance approach for PWM rectifier in metro supply system.In the first part,an approach is proposed,for the damage prediction of electrolytic capacitors,which effects the reliability of PWM rectifier seriously,and based on parameter fitting and Miner's damage accumulation criterion;then non-metallic short-circuit detection scheme is presented,taking into consideration that the short-circuit characteristic is affected and suppressed owing to the existence of AC inductance of PWM rectifier;at last,an intelligent control and monitoring system for PWM rectifier is designed and introduced,based on multi-level design scheme.What's more,waveforms under several malfunctions are also presented for the testament of the system.


CORRELATIONS BETWEEN the thyroid gland and the gonads can be observed clinically.Certainly, thyroid hormones influence the normal menstrual cycle, fertility, pregnancy development, and puberty. Much of this can be corroborated by animal experimentation. Pregnancy exerts a considerable influence on thyroid function and vice-versa. Thyroid hormones regulate some of the physiologic processes of mother and fetus. "• During pregnancy, the iodine-binding properties of the thyroid increase; so does the quantity of thyroid hormone in the blood. These changes are reflected by an increase of protein-bound iodine. There is also an increase of thyroxin-bound protein. Numerous tests exist which permit investigation of thyroid function and iodine metabolism. With the introduction of radioactive iodine, the number and specificity of these tests increases markedly.'' These tests are equally as good and useful as the older, classic tests, namely, basal metabolism protein-bound iodine, and serum cholesterol levels. •'• Diagnostic tests based on the use of isotopes of radioactive iodine include: (1) estimation of uptake of radioactive isotope by the thyroid gland; (2) blood levels


Angiogenesis and vascular integrity are regulated by a wide array of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors through a network of interconnected and sometimes opposing pathways that include Src and PKA dependent signaling. How this complex network of signaling pathways is organized and integrated in space and time is poorly understood, but scaffolding proteins may play a role by serving as a platform to target multiple signaling proteins to specific compartments. We postulate that the A‐kinase anchoring protein AKAP12/gravin serves such a role. Gravin, a multivalent scaffolding protein that is expressed as two variants in endothelial cells (EC), binds several signaling proteins, including PKA and Src, which are known to regulate EC migration and angiogenesis. Studies in our lab show that gravin is upregulated in migrating ECs at the wound edge in wounded monolayers and that gravin knockdown with antisense oligonucleotides inhibits this migration. Studies by others also show that gravin knockdown and overexpression alter PKA dependent permeability across EC monolayers. To further investigate a role for gravin in angiogenesis, we conducted knockdown and knockout experiments using a 3D collagen model of angiogenic sprouting. In knockdown experiments, primary ECs transfected with antisense and missense oligonucleotides were cultured overnight on 3D collagen gels and sprout number was counted. Knockdown of both gravin variants resulted in a decrease in the density of angiogenic sprouts. Next, we undertook a gene editing approach to begin determining the role of each of these variants in angiogenic sprouting and EC migration. Using CRISPR Cas9, we created a variant 1 knockout cell line by deleting a single base in exon 3 which created a premature stop codon just downstream of the start site. Western blotting demonstrated loss of this variant. These cells, expressing only variant 2 of AKAP12 (gravin V.2), expressed half as much gravin as wild type (WT) cells and showed altered cell morphology and behavior compared to WT cells. Gravin V.2 cells had a slower growth curve in culture than WT cells. When cultured on collagen gels, gravin V.2 cultures showed significantly fewer sprouts than WT cultures. Confocal microscopy also revealed that fewer gravin V.2 cells migrated into collagen gels, resulting in shorter sprouts with fewer branches, and that these cells displayed fewer filopodia than WT cells. Interestingly, gravin V.2 cells migrated faster on 2D surfaces and through Transwell membranes than WT cells. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that gravin variants play a role in regulating EC migration and angiogenic sprouting. CRISPR Cas9 gene editing studies are underway to further understand the role of each variant and the role of binding domains for proteins such as Src and PKA in regulating the mechanisms underlying cell migration, sprouting and tubulogenesis.


Verification of rare cascading events in interconnected Markov processes are of high interest in energy grids, computer networks, and banking systems. Small defaults may lead to a global cascade of failures in the network. In this work, the rare events of contagious bankruptcies of the interconnected banking system are verified by three adaptive parametric importance sampling methods, belonging to Monte Carlo simulation based approaches. All three methods show comparable results in terms of the accuracy and the convergence speed on the medium sized benchmark example. Additionally, we claim that the adaptive parametric importance sampling methods scale linearly in time with respect to the sample size. The sensitivities of large or small size banks are clearly different; the larger, well connected banks have a significantly higher probability to trigger cascading; whereas for small, well connected banks this increase in probability is not found. The probability of triggering cascading is comparable between the larger sized, low connected banks and all small sized banks disregard its degree of connectivity. The results are in line with literature, which makes the adaptive parametric importance sampling methods suitable for verification of the network sensitivity.


Applying fuzzy neural network to single phase adaptive auto-reclosure and based on fuzzy theory and artificial neural network (ANN) a multi-input fuzzy neural network is built to distinguish transient faults from permanent faults. In this fuzzy neural network the summation of products are partly replaced by the operations of fetching maximum or minimum and the method of gaining fuzzy rules from samples is used. A lot of simulation is carried out by use of Matlab and the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified. On the basis of the simulation results the multi-input fuzzy neural network is compared with BP neural network and the superiority of applying multi-input fuzzy neural network to single phase adaptive auto-reclosure is proved.


Within forest planning and management, collaboration has becoming increasingly widespread. Many collaborative projects take place over long time periods, and thus personnel turnover is inevitable within these groups. Scholars from the fields of business and organizational science have long studied strategies that organizations can use to prepare for and address turnover successfully. We draw from that literature and use it to examine the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP), a federal program aimed at bringing diverse stakeholders together to address the increasing costs, severity, and prevalence of wildfires in the United States. We conducted qualitative analysis of interviews, archival documents, and memos to explore what strategies are used within CFLRP groups to address turnover. We discuss our findings in light of the existing literature from business and organizational science and present insights about which strategies may be adaptable to collaborative natural resource management and which may require further research to assess their applicability to collaborative groups.


Brugmansia x candida Pers 'Creamsickle' plants produced by in vitro treatment with ribavirin, and no thermal therapy, remained polymerase chain reaction (PCR-) negative for Columbian datura virus (CDV) after one year. The plants were produced by establishing B. x candida 'Creamsickle' shoot cultures on autoclaved MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), sucrose 30 g/L, myo-inositol 100 mg/L, thiamine HCl 1 mg/L, pyridoxine HCl 1 mg/L, nicotinic acid 1 mg/L, glycine 2 mg/L, BAP 1.1 µM, pH 5.7, and bacteriological agar (USB Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA) 9.0 g/L with 15 ml of medium per 25×100 mm flat-bottomed glass culture tubes with polypropylene caps (Magenta Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA). The cultures were maintained in a growth room illuminated by cool-white fluorescent lamps (26 µmol m −2 s −1 ), constant 27°C, and a 16h photoperiod. Four weeks after initiation, the cultures were transferred to the same medium in polypropylene capped glass tubes except that the BAP concentration was reduced to 0.5 µM. In vitro-derived shoots were excised and further dissected to 3-6 mm in length before transferring onto the same medium containing ribavirin at 0, 50, 87.5, or 100 mg/L; these shoots were cultured for 30 days. The ribavirin treated shoots were then transferred onto the multiplication medium without ribavirin for one subculture before being rooted in vitro on the same MS basal medium except with one half strength MS nitrogen salts and 3 µM IAA for four weeks followed by greenhouse acclimatization. In vitro-derived plants that expressed no CDV symptoms and tested PCR-negative one year after transfer to the greenhouse were produced over the entire range of 50-100 mg/L ribavirin tested. A single line, CS2 2 B, from these PCR-negative plants was selected for long-term assessment - this line remains symptom-free and


Abstract: CDC Credence durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain and pasta color and low grain cadmium. CDC Credence is resistant to leaf, stem, and stripe rusts and common bunt and demonstrated end-use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.


Political theology might best be understood to designate a link between sovereignty and constituting power. The twentieth-century German jurist Carl Schmitt implies this understanding in his chapter, 'Political Theology', in his book with the same title. Schmitt adduces political theology in order to ague against the eighteenth-century French writer, Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes. Sieyes attempts to legitimate the role of the Third Estate in the French Revolution by drawing a fundamental distinction between constituting power, the power to make a new political order, and constituted power, the power to preserve the already established legal system. Associating constituting power with the nation, Sieyes goes on to propose that the nation inhabits a state of nature that precedes any social or legal bonds and, therefore, has the authority and legitimacy to remake already existing social and legal bonds. 1 In Schmitt's analysis, political theology disproves the location of constituting power in what he disparagingly calls the 'organic unity' of the people. 2 'All significant concepts of the modern theory of the state are secularized theological concepts', he asserts, 'not only because of their historical development … but also because of their systematic nature'. 3 Just as theology needs a God who can intervene in and suspend the natural order, so too does the state need a sovereign who can stand above the law, suspend it, and decide exceptional emergency situations – that is, 'decide where there is an extreme emergency as well as what must be done to eliminate it'. 4 The 'systematic nature' of this analogy between God's and the sovereign's prerogative enables Schmitt to argue that the people do not and cannot have the same agency, or what Schmitt calls the decisionist character, as the sovereign. Constituting power must be located in the personal authority of the sovereign because the people as an organic unity cannot make decisions outside the bounds of the law.


The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle physics experiment scheduled to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of this experiment is to provide a high statistics measurement of charged particles and nuclei in rigidity range 0.5GV to few TV, and to provide a sensitive search for cosmic antimatter (antihelium) and dark matter, and to study the properties of cosmic rays. The construction of the final detector will be completed by 2004. We describe the detector and the working principles.


Data augmentation has the potential to significantly improve the generalization capability of deep neural networks. Especially in image recognition, recent augmentation techniques such as Mixup, CutOut, CutMix, and RandAugment have shown great performance improvement. These augmentation techniques have also shown effectiveness in semi-supervised learning or self-supervised learning. Despite of these effects and usefulness, these techniques cannot be applied directly to document image analysis, which require text semantic feature preservation. To tackle this problem, we propose novel augmentation methods, DocCutout and DocCutMix, that are more suitable for document images, by applying the transform to each word unit and thus preserving text semantic feature during augmentation. We conduct intensive experiments to find the most effective data augmentation techniques among various approaches for document object detection and show our proposed augmentation methods outperform stateof-the-arts with +1.77 AP in PubMed dataset.


Using paradata to modify design features during fieldwork is the earmark of responsive designs (Groves & Heeringa, 2006). One objective of responsive approaches is to improve the composition of the final sample by gaining the participation of nonrespondents. A simple but innovative attempt at realizing such a response intervention was undertaken during the fieldwork of PIAAC Germany 2012. Different groups of nonrespondents were identified for follow-up efforts. With a view to the outcome measures of PIAAC, basic skills of the adult population, two groups were focused: Non-nationals and sample persons with low educational attainment. To identify these groups, different sources of auxiliary data were used (sampling frame, interviewer observations, and a commercial vendor database). Non-nationals were identified using information from the sampling frame. The challenge was to identify sample persons with (presumably) low levels of education. This was achieved by selecting a set of auxiliary variables, and subsequently using classification trees to model and predict sample persons with low levels of education. The sample persons were sent carefully crafted tailored letters during the re-issue phase. Overall, the cost-benefit balance of this intervention is rather disproportionate: A high level of effort with little apparent impact on the final sample composition. Nevertheless, this explorative endeavour was worthwhile and informative. In particular, the model-based prediction of different types of sample persons can be regarded as a promising approach.


non-recurrent patients when assessed by immunohistochemistry; reverse-transcriptase PCR confirmed these results (p < 0.05). Inflammatory adhesion and general type (ulcer type versus elavated type) was significantly correlated with CXCR3, but the expression of CXCL10 was not correlated with tumour location, histological type, size, gender, pre-surgery CEA, and pre-surgery haemoglobin. High expression of CXCR3 was associated with a higher risk of relapse. No such relationship was noted for CXCL10 expression. Interpretation: The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis, especially CXCR3 may be involved in inflammatory adhesion. CXCR3 and inflammatory adhesion could be used as prognostic markers and contribute to predicting clinical outcome for patients with stage II colorectal cancer.


The present investigation is related to one of the most important processes for the development of life on Earth; photosynthesis, an essential process in the cycle and development of living beings, centered on solar radiation that is useful for plants to carry out this process, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). The objective of this work is to generate information on the PAR through a database to collaborate in the decision-making of farmers in the area. For this purpose, a quantum sensor installed in building 6 of the UAZ Siglo XXI Campus was used. According to Abal (2013), in agricultural and production planning, it is especially important to have a detailed knowledge of incident solar radiation on the earth's surface (Abal and Durañona, 2013). When collecting, treating and analyzing the data, it was found that the daily average PAR is 819.52 μmol of photons m-2 s-1 (179.47 W m-2), if only the sunny hours are taken into account. It can be concluded that according to the PAR received in the evaluation region and the type of nutrients in the soil, other crop alternatives to those traditionally used can be sought.


The study determined the effect of debittering methods on the quality of flours prepared from orange seeds. Orange seeds were removed from orange fruits, washed and then sundried at 30 ± 2 ̊C for 8h. Orange seeds (20kg) were soaked in water for 12h, boiled for 40, 80, 120, and 160min respectively. The boiled seeds were dehulled, ovendried (60  ̊C for 14h) grounded and defatted, milled and sieved. Flours were analyzed for proximate composition, sensory and functional properties. Chemical composition of the flours ranged from protein 8.64% – 31.81%, fat 1.01 % – 35.72%, crude fiber 0.93% – 21.82%, ash 0.39% – 3.01%, moisture content 3.69% – 11.62%, carbohydrate 32.24% – 74.94%. The oil absorption capacity of the flours ranged from 1.73g/g – 2.64g/g, bulk density ranged from 0.42 – 0.77g/cm 3 , water absorption capacity ranged from 1.54 – 4.67g/g, least gelation concentrations ranged from 4% to 20%, foaming capacity 2.8 – 21.11 % and foaming stability ranged from 2.0% 12.50%. The pasting properties of flour ranged are peak viscosity 50.33RVU – 68.67RVU, trough viscosity 46.83RVU – 66.00RVU, breakdown viscosity 2.17 – 4.25RVU, setback 73.42RVU – 194.33RVU, final viscosity 120.25RVU – 257.33RVU, peak time 6.25min – 6.55min, and pasting temperature 82.55 – 84.15 ̊C.


This paper presents the vital role mathematical modeling plays in the analysis of evoked potentials obtained from auditory, somatosensory, visual, and cognitive stimuli.

Analysis of this data was performed by using the concepts of Closed Loop Methodology (CLM) to create specific mathematical modes representative of the signals that were being analyzed. As a result of this effort, a Forensic Simulator was design and built to signal process the EEG's provided by patients of the Craig Hospital Neuroscience Laboratory located in Englewood, Colorado.

The Forensic Simulator provides a modern system analysis tool for neuroscience research. This device provides a user friendly environmental from which the electrical activity of the brain can be quantified. By using an adaptive processor to null out the error generate by comparing measured evoked potentials to those produce by a mathematical model, the neurophysiology of the central nervous system may be evaluated. Nulling of this error is achieved by defining the neurological classification set. Members of the set are defined to be: the uncertainty of the neuron firing, the neuronal staee characteristics, the characteristic brain parameters, estimates of the neuronal states, variances associated with the neuronal state estimates, and the variances attributable toe measurement error.

Members of the classification set are obtained by solving the modeling problem via solution to the subproblems of estimation, identification, and control. Algorithms solving the the estimation problem provide numerical time varying values for the states of the system. This ability is assured once the SID (System IDentification) has been solved. This solution yields the quantification of the uncertainties associated with the state estimates as well as the uncertainties associated with the evoked potential measurements.


A patient is presented who gave a history of cold hypersensitivity in childhood which had disappeared at the age of 8 years. This hypersensitivity in the form of cold urticaria reappeared only at the site of many hyposensitizing injections and was unassociated with any systemic disease. These observations suggest that the patient had somehow adapted to the cold hypersensitivity present in childhood. But ragweed injections affected the tissue being treated by altering the threshold to cold tolerance of one or more of the factors involved in histamine release. Tests with antihistamines, vasodilators, vasoconstrictors, histamine and its releasers, heparin, and an anesthetic did not alter his abnormal response to cold.


The present invention discloses a hanger plate for piping equipment. The hanger plate member and the holding member device loaded onto the trim die, comprising: a hanger frame; a plurality of vacuum cups mounted on the hanger and the frame to hold the outer plate member by vacuum pressure; a plurality of positioning It is mounted at the edge of the hanger frame for holding the inner plate member.


This document describes our current work on developing a web-based system supporting organizations in the successful implementation of knowledge management by providing to them recommendations based on Case-Based Reasoning techniques and Semantic Web Technologies. The described framework follows the holistic approach of a KM introduction by considering technological, organizational and human aspects as well as the organizational culture in equal measure. The framework to be developed is based on the CBRcycle after Aamodt & Plaza. The best practice cases for a successful KM implementation are structured using an ontology.


India is a country with rich geo-wealth and geoheritage. There are numerous fascinating and exquisite landforms and landscapes in the Indian subcontinent that have immense cultural, socio-economic and scientific value and are significant from the point of view of geotourism and geoeducation. Presently, India has 32 World Heritage Properties, including seven natural properties. The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has declared 26 geosites as National Geological Monuments. Although a few attempts have been made in the last ten years to identify and catalog noteworthy geomorphosites in India, till date no attempt has been made to undertake multi-criteria or multi-attribute assessment and classification of the potential geomorphosites. In view of the limitations and difficulties in the ranking and/or scoring system adopted in many earlier studies on geoheritage sites, a simple ten-digit geo-coding system for some potential geomorphosites in India is suggested. The 10-digit coding system is a numerical scheme for the arrangement of geomorphosites on the basis of some key scientific value criteria, additional value criteria and management criteria as well as the IUCN geo-theme codes and the code numbers assigned to major geomorphic provinces in a region/country. This coding system could be used to establish a classification and the priority of geomorphosites and could be applied to any area or region in the world. The user-friendly geo-coding system has the potential to classify and sort geomorphosites of different characters, origin and value.


WU Jia-ji was a representative of "Taoshang Poetry Club" in Taizhou during the early Qing Dynasty.As one of the most important literary groups,Taoshang Poetry Club had a great influence on later generations and prominent position in local culture of Taizhou.Bases on the thorough excavation of local literature,the article explored a detailed research on the background of "Taoshang Poetry Club",leading members,the time of its formation and disappearance,the poetics origin,the family characteristics and the unique poem style.Meanwhile,further analyzed the significance of unique regional culture and literature value of those grassroot poems.


Impulsive energy provides a promising source for energy harvesting techniques due to their high amplitude and abundance in a living environment. The sensitivity to excitation of bistable energy harvesters makes them feasible for impulsive-type events. In this paper, a novel impulsively-excited bistable energy harvester with rotary structure and plectrum is proposed to achieve plucking-based frequency up-conversion. The input excitation is converted to plucking force on the bistable energy harvester, so as to help it go into the high-energy orbit. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic transduction mechanisms are combined by incorporating a coil to the structure in order to overcome the increase of damping introduced by the bistable configuration. As a result, high-energy output and broadband performance could be realized. Impact mechanics is employed to develop a comprehensive model, which could be used to analyze the nonlinear dynamics and predict the system responses under various plucking velocities and overlap lengths. Numerical simulation shows that the bistable energy harvester could experience large-amplitude oscillation under impulsive excitation and the hybrid configuration outperforms the standalone ones under high damping ratio and low coupling coefficient. The proposed design is targeted to be applied on the turnstile gates of the subway station. Less human effort would be needed when passengers pass the turnstile gate due to the snap-through motion of bistability.


Proposes an identification technique of constraint condition that the environment imposes on the robot's end-effector, based on position and force sensing during arbitrary manipulation. In the proposed method, the impedance that constrains the motion of the end-effector is estimated on-line; the uncertainties of the estimates are evaluated; and discontinuous changes of the impedance are detected. This method can be installed on robots as human-like perception of impedance, and can be used for monitoring human demonstration. Results of preliminary experiments are presented.


Deformable models have been intensively investigated during the last decade. Several well known algorithms, proposed in other contexts can also be included in this class (e.g., Kohonen maps, elastic nets and fuzzy c-means). In all these methods the model parameters are obtained in a deterministic framework by the minimization of an energy function. This paper proposes a novel class of probabilistic shape models related to the unified framework presented by Abrantes and Marques (see IEEE Trans. Image Processing, p.1507-21, 1996). Shape modelling is addressed as a MAP estimation problem, by assuming that the image features are random variables with Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution, and provides extensions for several well known algorithms. The main difference between the proposed algorithms and the original ones lies on the partition function which depends on the model parameters and influences the shape estimates. For example, it is shown that in snakes the partition function generates short-range repulsive forces between the model units which prevent their collapse when they are attracted by common data.


The catalytic behavior, chemical state, and morphology of a Rh thin film catalyst electrochemically promoted by alkali have been investigated by reactor studies, XPS, and SEM. At 1 bar pressure and 473 K, electro-pumped alkali decreases overall activity toward the production of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 while increasing selectivity toward higher hydrocarbons, especially alkenes. On the active surface, rhodium is in a partially oxidized state; however, the catalytic activity is assigned to the metallic (Rh0) component. The promoter phase is an alkali compound other than carbonate, although at high alkali loadings large amounts of crystalline alkali carbonate are deposited on the surface. The heavily carbonated system nevertheless retains most of its catalytic activity, with continued increase in selectivity toward higher hydrocarbons as the alkali loading is increased. Fully reversible behavior is found in every respect, including recovery of the initial state by electrochemical decomposition of the crys...


The M-Solah Robot Module is a module specially developed for learning and facilitating (PdPc) solah. This module was developed based on the need to maximize mastery of the theory and practice of solah to enhance the level of practice of solah among students. The development of the module addresses the use of positive and negative reinforcement in the activities included in this module to encourage students to be actively involved in learning and facilitating (PdPc). Positive and negative reinforcement are two essential components of Skinner's Operation Theory of Opposition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the use of positive and negative reinforcement in education and to propose the implementation of the element in the development of the M-Solah Robot Module. This study was a qualitative study employing a document analysis method. The search for scientific materials such as journal articles, conference papers, theses in digital and non-digital forms was done using the keywords "positive reinforcement", "negative reinforcement" and "Operation Theory of Skinner Operation", "prayer" and "module". The findings revealed that positive reinforcement could be implemented in the M-Solah Robot Module with the awarding of stars, awarding cards, honoring and praising from teachers or M-Solah Robot. Contrarily, the use of negative reinforcement could be executed with the granting of penalty cards, reprimanding, advising, giving time, and extra work during the learning and facilitating the process.


We are moving into an era of autonomous Industrial Internet of Things world; its security must be considered a crucial element. To maintain the current growth rate in Industrial Internet of Things, future threats related to quantum computing era need utmost attention. This research, in its preliminary stages is a major step in this direction and aims to design an ICMetrics based Industrial Internet of Things security framework for the post quantum era.


BACKGROUND
Numerous studies indicate that most error sources in hemostasis laboratories occur during the pre preanalytical phase through biological product sampling.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was documentation, monitoring, and reduction of preanalytical errors through operator training.

METHODS
For a period of 4 months in the "St. Spiridonˮ Hospital from Iaşi, 978 specimens were identified with non-conformities, due to the following causes: insufficiently-collected, hemolyzed- and coagulated samples. Data collection was conducted in two stages: before and after training of medical staff in clinical departments, upon improving the coagulation specimen sampling practices.

RESULTS
The study pointed out that subsequent to training, a reduction of the coagulated samples has been registered as follows: in medical departments from 33.33% to 16.78%, in surgery from 27.20% to 17.02%, ICU (intensive care units) from 10.63% to 8.74%, and slightly in EU (emergency) from 10.63% to 8.74%. Moreover, we noticed that the incidence of hemolyzed samples increased in clinical sections, as follows: EU from 4.50% to 14.89%, medical departments from 3.42% to 9.21%, surgery from 1.44% to 6.38%, and 4.50% to 14.89% for ICU. The insufficiently sampled volume persisted during the study in almost all sections: surgery from 1.80% to 4.96%, medical from 2.52% to 4.96%, EU from 1.80% to 3.78% with a slight decrease in ICU from 1.26% to 1.18%.

CONCLUSIONS
Nurses traditionally represent the core of quality medical services. Peer education is effective and implementation and compliance of sample collection procedure rules ultimately providing patient safety.


Background Early-life adversity is a risk for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but the impact at the neural level is less clear. Aims To investigate the association between brain volumes and early-life adversity in individuals with a diagnosis of OCD only. Method The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28) was used to assess early-life adversity in 21 participants with OCD and 25 matched healthy controls. The relationship between global and regional brain volume and early-life adversity was measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). All data were corrected for multiple comparisons using family-wise error (FWE) at P<0.05. Results In the OCD group, correlations with total CTQ scores were positively associated with a larger right orbitofrontal cortex volume. Physical neglect was higher in the OCD group than in controls and was positively associated with larger right cerebellum volume in the OCD group only. Conclusions Larger brain volumes may reflect underlying developmental neuropathology in adults with OCD who also have experience of childhood trauma.


Thunderstorms present a variety of hazards, including emissions of ionizing radiation. An international group of scientists met at an Armenian observatory to share their findings.


Abstract Karucia sublacustrina a new species of freshwater snails (Hydrobiidae, Gastropoda) is described based on material collected from Skadar Lake (Montenegro, Albania). The new species belongs to monotypic genus Karucia gen. n. The shell morphology and body shape of the new genus resembles Radomaniola Szarowska, 2006 and Grossuana Radoman, 1973, from which it differs in the larger shells with relatively slim and a slightly, but clearly shouldered body whorl. The number of gastropods from Skadar Lake basin tallies now 50 species. The adjusted rate of gastropod endemicity for Skadar Lake basin is estimated to be 38%. By compiling faunal and taxonomic data we also aim to provide information of relevance as to conservation efforts.


Currently in practical engineering,the design of gridding continuous diaphragm walls is similar to that of gravity-type retaining walls.The mechanical property of the gridding continuous diaphragm walls is lack of theoretical research.The centrifugal model tests are used to study their mechanical property in the sand.In the model experiments,the strain of the walls,the wall displacement and earth pressure are studied.The results show that the integrity of the gridding continuous diaphragm walls is satisfactory due to its middle panel wall.The wall displacement is similar to the overall collapse of gravity displacement mode,and the earth pressure between the front and behind walls has no significant change.


Government austerity is likely to hit public health programs hard, as these programs compete for funds against the health care delivery juggernaut. But such an approach seems likely to hamper efforts to improve population health and reduce medical spending.


The growth characteristics of a methane-utilizing mixed consortia MY9(CGMCC No.1893) were examined with different copper ion concentrations and carbon sources.Some heterotrophs of the mixed consortia were isolated and characterized.The results showed that the mixed consortia could utilize many organic chemicals such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, isopropanol and glycerol as the carbon source as well as methane.It could also grow in the condition of high concentration of copper.One of the heterotrophs isolated from the mixed consortia, identified as Acinetobacter junii No.8, could utilize 4% methanol or 1% ethanol or 0.6%(-) dichloromethane as a sole carbon source.These results suggest that the methane-utilizing mixed consortia MY9 or A.junii No.8 can be potentially used in the biocatalytical treatment of wastewater containing high concentrations of methanol wastewater, ethanol or dichloromethane.


Abstract To achieve high-value utilization of peat, the process of coupling methane fermentation and extraction of fulvic acid was explored and the effects of sulfuric acid pretreatment before methane fermentation and different liquid acid precipitation on the spectral characteristic of fulvic acid was studied. The fulvic acid precipitated by nitric acid has a high content and a high degree of aromatization. The highest yield of fulvic acid samples is precipitated by phosphoric acid. The fulvic acid extracted from the residues after sulfuric acid pretreatment methane fermentation descends of yield while content increase. Meanwhile, methane fermentation would consume methyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups without benzene rings consumed. In addition, sulfuric acid pretreatment would promote this process and consume more functional groups to produce more methane. The research results show that coupling methane fermentation of peat and extraction of fulvic acid is feasible, and the sulfuric acid pretreatment has a significant effect to fulvic acid. To sum up, sulfuric acid pretreatment would promote methane fermentation process and degrade more fulvic acid.


This text brings together 51 papers, examining topics such as the MTPE missions and technologies, the ESA missions and technologies, and sensor technologies.