: The Wire EDM process has several machining parameters such as pulse on time, pulse off time, supply voltage, peak current, wire speed, wire feed, machining time, and rate of flushing, material and size of the wire, dielectric type, viscosity and other flow characteristics. Several researchers have made an attempt to improve the performance characteristics namely surface roughness, cutting speed, dimensional accuracy, dimensional deviation and material removal rate. Selection of optimal machining parameters plays an important role. Improperly selected parameters may result in serious problems like shot circuit and wire breakage. Hence there is a huge demand for research studies to find out the optimal machining parameters of WEDM. In this paper; a detailed review on effect of machining parameters on performance characteristics of Wire EDM process is presented and effect of optimization of process parameters is discussed. parameter design is a simple, systematic, reliable and more efficient tool for optimization of machining parameters. The optimal machining values for SR are resulted as 18µs pulse on time, 51µs pulse off time, 180A peak current, 6mm/min wire feed. The ANOVA test results shows that peak current influences the SR as 61.56% and remaining parameters affects as 27.59, 5.174, and 5.27%. as and using multi through and grey in The optimal machining parameters of alloy in order to achieve minimum surface roughness, higher cutting rate and material removal rate off 3µs, peak current at wire tension at 16N and wire at 4mm/min. characteristics are improved by using the method. diameter 16, orthogonal array has been used. The input parameters selected for optimization are gap voltage, wire feed, pulse on time, and pulse off time. Dielectric fluid pressure, wire speed, wire tension, resistance and cutting length are taken as fixed parameters. The optimized input parameter combinations to get the minimum surface roughness are 40V gap voltage, 2mm/min wire feed, 6 μs pulse on time, 10 μs pulse off time and similarly optimized conditions to get the minimum kerf width are 50V gap voltage, 2mm/min Wire Feed, 4 μs pulse on time, 6 μs pulse off time. Based on the Grey relational analysis, the optimized inp ut parameter combinations to get both the minimum surface roughness and the nominal KW are 50V gap voltage, 2mm/min wire feed, 4 μs pulse on time and 4 μs pulse off time. [6]optimized and estimated the machining performances using artificial neural network in wire EDM. Experimentation was performed as per Taguchi's L'16 orthogonal array. Each experiment has been performed under different cutting conditions of pulse-on, pulse-off, current, and bed speed. Among different process parameters voltage and flush rate were kept constant. Molybdenum wire having diameter of 0.18 mm was used as an electrode. Based on the ANOVA method the highly effective parameters on surface roughness, MRR and accuracy were found. The control factors considered for the studies are Pulse-on, Pulse-off, Current and Bed speed. Process parameters were selected based on Taguchi's L'16 orthogonal array. Artificial Neural Network is used to predict the response variable viz., surface roughness, MRR and accuracy. It is observed that neural network trained with 70% of the data in training set gives good prediction results when compared to the


Abstract We review developments in the study of stress in free-ranging mammals and summarize the physiological and behavioral components of the stress response. Both the sympathetic nervous system response and the regulation and reactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis are discussed. In particular, we describe how the activity of the HPA axis at baseline levels follows circadian and circannual rhythms in ways that allow animals to respond to predictable environmental changes, focusing largely on the endpoint of this axis, the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone. Superimposed upon these rhythms are the elevated glucocorticoid levels characteristic of the stress response, which allow an animal to respond to unpredictable social, physical, or environmental challenges. Methods used to explore the stress response in free-ranging mammals are described. Both inter- and intraspecific variation in the stress response as they relate to the environment are discussed. Finally, how the regulation and reactivity of the HPA axis varies by life-history stage and sex in mammals is reviewed, focusing on reproduction and development.


The purpose of this is to determine the improvement of students learning outcomes in class VIII MTsN Bogor, taught using the Role Playing method. The form of research used is Classroom Action Research. Presented in the third cycle, each cycle consists of 4 stages, planning, implementing, observing and refining. Data colection tecniques in the form of test questions with 10 items formed essays and indirect observation activities. The result of the study are obtained from the average value of student learning out comes cycle I was 52 with a percentage of 42,42% and increased in cycle II to 66,5% with a percentage of 78,78% and incerseted in cycle III to 66,5 with a percentage of 78.78%.


142 Watershed Analysis Watershed analysis (Ziemer 1997, this volume) provides a basis for developing restoration plans and priorities. Watershed analysis is a procedure used to characterize the human, aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial features, conditions, processes, and interactions (collectively referred to as " ecosystem elements ") within a watershed. It provides a systematic way to understand and organize ecosystem information. In so doing, watershed analysis enhances our ability to estimate direct, indirect, and cumulative effects of our management activities and guide the general type, location, and sequence of appropriate management activities within a watershed. The understanding gained through watershed analysis is critical to sustaining the health and productivity of natural resources. Healthy ecological functions are essential to maintaining and creating current and future social and economic opportunities. Federal agencies are conducting watershed analyses to shift their focus from species and sites to the ecosystems that support them in order to understand the consequences of management actions before implementation. The watershed scale was selected because every watershed is a well-defined land area having a set of unique features, a system of recurring processes, and a collection of dependent plants and animals. Watershed analyses are conducted by teams of journey-level specialists who follow a standard, interagency six-step process. The process is issue-driven. Rather than attempting to identify and address everything in the ecosystem, teams focus on seven core analysis topics along with watershed-specific problems or concerns. These problems or concerns may be known or suspected before undertaking the analysis or may be discovered during the analysis. Analysis teams identify and describe ecological processes of greatest concern, establish how well or poorly those processes are functioning, and determine the conditions under which management activities, including restoration, should or should not take place. The process is also incremental. New information from surveys and inventories, monitoring reports, or other analyses can be added at any time. Watershed analysis is not a decision-making process. Rather it is a stage-setting process. The results of watershed analyses establish the context for subsequent decision-making processes, including planning, project development, and regulatory compliance. The results of watershed analysis can be used to: ■ Assist in developing ecologically sustainable programs to produce water, timber, recreation, and other commodities. ■ Facilitate program and budget development by identifying and setting priorities for social, economic, and ecological needs within and among watersheds. ■ Establish a consistent, watershed-wide context for project-level National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) …


This paper proposes a business plan for a company specializing in the Mystery Shopper Cooperative sector. The aim of this study was to determine the commercial and financial feasibility of undertaking this business. The business idea arises from the need that was identified in the market, for a specializing company of Mystery Shopper in financial services, to measure the Index Customer Satisfaction, and also propose improvement plans identifying the problem in service management. For which, the measurement model was implemented Servqual service. The target market for which strategies were developed in the promotional mix are the Cooperative Savings and Credit active in Quito. Being a new company the strategies was based on the lifting of qualitative and quantitative information focused in the customer, to enable market penetration and generate attracting potential customers.


The research studies were carried out at Key Laboratory of Entomology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi under 60±5% Relative Humidity, light: dark photoperiod at 14h: 10h to assess different range temperature effects on the population of Acyrthosiphon pisum on different pea cultivars during, 2018. The results indicated that the shortest pea aphid nymph development period up to (5.75±0.31 days) were lasted on cv. Feizai-3 at 36oC and longest (9.38±0.34 days) were noted on cv. Nenzao at 30oC. The shortest A. pisum adult development period (4.16±0.20 days) were recorded on cv. Hanyi-401 at 39oC and the longest (5.72±0.33 days) on cv. Hanyi-401 at 30oC. The shortest A. pisum longevity period (5.43±0.72 days) were recorded on cv. Feizai-3 at 39oC and longest (11.83±0.72 days) on cv. Hanyi-401 at 30oC. The shortest A. pisum oviposition period (3.61±0.32 days) were recorded on cv. Hanyi-401 at 33oC and longest (4.41±0.35 days) on Guangzhong-604 at 36oC. The minimum nymph survival period was counted (0.23±0.07) on Guangzhong-604 at 36oC and maximum on cv. Hanyi-401 (0.73±0.08) at 30oC. According to the DMRT, Test, non-significant difference was reported in all the above parameters between the cultivars in all temperature regimes. The present study suggests that temperature fluctuations also affect on the life expectancy of A. pisum. In future endeavors more work should be carried out to restrict the pest population of sap-sucking insects to secure the legumes varieties


The paperpresents a new methodto detect subsynchronous resonance (SSR) - shaft torsional oscillation forlarge induction motors andsynchronous generators. This isachieved byusing anovel on-line Intelligent Shaft Monitor (ISM). TheISMdevice utilizes stator current andfrequency basedtransformations. Theproposed detection schemeis basedonthestator current-excursion patterns andrelevant phase-portraits. ItcanalsobeusedtodampanySSR oscillation mode usinga dynamic filter and static compensator.


A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was developed for the rapid determination of sodium cyclamate in foodstuffs. Samples were extracted with hexane in an ultrasonic field, and the extracts were analyzed by GC-MS after derivatization with a mixture of 50 g/L sodium nitrite solution and 100 g/L sulfuric acid (5:5, V/V). The detection limit was 40 mg/kg (signal/noise ratio = 3.0). The recoveries for cyclamate in six spiked samples ranged from 88.0 % to 108.0% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 7.16%. This method has obvious advantages such as high sensitivity, specificity and simplicity versus other methods reported previously, therefore can be used to detect effectively low-level sodium cyclamate in foods


After the deployment of broadband transmission in order to meet the requirements of the different applications of the Internet and multimedia data transmissions, ADSL systems (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) are widely used. The PLC (Power Line Communication) is booming. To optimize the transmission of these systems, we should describe or diagnose the transmission medium. This support is typically a twisted copper pair or possibly a neutral phase transmission PLC. The defects on the lines do not alter the traditional telephony transmission, but starts presenting deviations with increasing frequency flow. The merge of high frequency power line transmission is generally accompanied with many propagation problems and attenuations due to the characteristics of the deployed systems and used cables. In fact any transmission line system presents variations in its geometry, causing modifications to the transmitted signal. This article presents a theoretical study that helps understand the transfer function of a cable with non-uniform geometry or defaults. Formalism is proposed in order to calculate the lumped parameters that vary as a function of the line's geometry. Then an approach of calculating these transfer functions is proposed.


Nowadays image morphing has become one of the important techniques in applications that require a graphical representation of objects. Morphing tools have become very well known among users who work on multimedia applications such as art effects, virtual games, photo morphing, and social media, in addition to scientific and academic fields. There are many algorithms to apply morphing operations, including the basic and improved techniques, which share some essential stages, but vary in the algorithm details and the produced image qualities. Morphing techniques, in general, are based on image features and changing them through a warping process to produce another image or mixing two images to produce a new combined image. This paper provides an overview of different morphing techniques explaining how they work and discuss their features in some terms such as the morph visual quality, technical efficiency, and complexity, which can assist the researcher in the image morphing field to compare and identify morphing techniques that suit their working area.


We estimated the potential impact of parental Tdap immunization before delivery, at delivery and at the 2-week newborn visit on U.S. infant pertussis hospitalizations. We used published data for pertussis hospitalization rates among U.S. infants aged 0–4 months, the Tdap vaccine efficacy in adults, and the proportion of infants with pertussis <6 months of age in which either parent was the source (16–40% from mothers and 16–20% from fathers). Immunizing parents before pregnancy or ≥2 weeks prior to delivery


Keyword : Classroom, Interaction, Speaking Class, Teacher Talk, Student Talk

The study entitled Classroom Interaction Used in Speaking Class of the Tenth Grade Students at MAN Malang I aims at investigating the kinds of classroom interaction happening in the class, the teacherÂ's perception about the classroom interaction happening in the class and how to make the classroom interaction improved based on the teacherÂ's perception. The study employes the qualitative design and it is supported by quantitaive data. It is conducted at one of the islamic high school in Malang. The subjects of the study are an English teacher and 32 students of an English Class. The data are collected through questionnaire, observation, and interview. The data are analyzed by using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.

The findings indicate that the kind of classroom interaction happening in the class is teacher-student-student style. The writer also finds that the interaction between teacher and the students and among students are occurred verbally. Furthermore, according to the teacherÂ's perception, the classroom interaction is already good, since the students give response to the teacher and they work in pair. However the teacher still has a difficulty to motivate the students to talk and learn English. Another result shows that there are three ways to make the classroom interaction improved. The first way is inviting the students to talk by greeting and asking the students about the previous and current material. The second is creating the interaction among students by asking the students to ask their friends when they do not understand about the lesson. The last is relating the lesson to the cultures and surroundings so it will be familiar for the students.

Therefore, this study suggests the teacher to have her or his own ways or strategies to create good a classroom interaction in the class. This study also suggests the students to always try to speak english with both teacher and the other students in the class, in order to make them fluent in speaking English.


The study of urban and regional networks in the context of flow space is the research frontier and hotspot of urban geography at home and abroad. Foreign studies mostly use information flow and air flow as the main means of studying urban and regional networks. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the study of urban and regional networks that are in line with China's economic and social development. This paper uses the measured data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei highway freight to fit the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei highway freight network, and uses social network analysis method to analyze the highway freight network structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; and uses the coupled coordination model to analyze the relationship between highway freight and industrial structure. Research shows: ➀ The main highway freight contact directions of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei are Beijing and Tangshan. ➁ The vertical grade of highway freight flow in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is dominant, and geographical contact group is remarkable. ➂ The network of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Highway freight flow tends to industrial system.


Successful exploration and development of shale gas reservoirs have enabled the United States to ensure a predominantly domestic supply of gas for many years. Pore structures can significantly impact the mechanical and physical properties of the rock such as permeability, strength and durability. Understanding the microstructures of the rocks accurately and quantitatively is essential to petroleum engineering for evaluating and development of oil and gas, especially for the unconventional reserves with abundant interior nanoscale pores such as shale. The pore structure and morphology of twelve shale samples from the Blue Nile Formation in the Blue Nile Basin were carried out by apply-ing Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM is a widely used technique to examine pore structures in shale reser-voirs. The results of FESEM show that the Blue Nile shale samples have nanoscale pores which can be classified into four types: inter-particle pores, organic pores, intra-particle pores and micro-fractures. The common types are inter-particle pores between the clay particles and organic nano-pores. These pores are all large enough to store gas molecules.


Due to rapid growth in tourism, tourists like to find information regarding different places. With a rapid growth in web, tourists generally share their reviews on social website. These websites have become major source of information for tourism but due to huge data and mixed emotions it becomes difficult for a tourist to make a decision regarding the travelling. For this problem we proposed the system "tourview" a tool that offers a set of summarization methods to help users digest the vast availability of opinions in an easy manner. The main objective behind this system is that tourist can easily extract subjective and useful information. This system also reduces the time required for searching and easily supports growth of tourism. Keywords— Opinion Mining; Natural Language Processing; Sentiment Analysis; Customer Review


We consider a generalization of the community detection problem, where for inference we have access to an additional observation that carries information (side information) about the label of each node. We study the effect of the quality of side information on the exact recovery phase transition of the binary symmetric stochastic block model by passing the true label through a binary symmetric channel (BSC) with crossover probability α. We show that when α is constant or approaching zero such that log(1−α/α) = o(log(n)), side information does not help exact recovery and the phase transition does not change. On the other hand, when log(1−α/α) = O(log(n)), we show that side information helps exact recovery. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions that are tight for different asymptotic regimes of α. An efficient algorithm that incorporates the effect of side information is proposed that uses a partial recovery algorithm combined with a local improvement procedure. Sufficient conditions are derived for exact recovery under this efficient algorithm.


Abstract Regarding media framing of protests, current studies have primarily focused on the negative side of framing tools, that is, marginalization devices that news media employ to belittle and demonize a protest. Yet little scholarship has scrutinized the positive side of framing tools, i.e., affirmation devices that mass media adopt to convey sympathy for and approval of a protest. Through comparing U.S. media coverage of two recent large anti-government movements taking place in China and France—the movements sharing similarities in vital factors impacting media coverage—this paper illustrates a series of affirmation devices, including highlighting issues and downplaying violence, blaming violence on authorities, stressing public approval, backing protest goals, and understating a movement's dark side. A systematic examination of affirmation devices contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of media framing and the relations between the media and social movements. This exploration also challenges the popular conception that violence by protesters typically leads to negative media coverage.


The scientific aspects of automatic procedures of precise facial composites synthesis, ophthalmic geometry pattern extraction/ interpretation as well as based on these ones the Test of Person/Personality Liveness are proposed. Main research idea is that two relatively novel phenomena (functional asymmetry of left/right brain hemispheres and ophthalmic geometry pattern), are contained sufficient information of different scales for biometrics person recognition, psychological personality type definition, some biologic, artistic/ sculptural, artificial intelligent applications; it means that appropriate entities can be quantitatively tested. Moreover, it is possibly to testing whether person/ personality are biological or virtual ones. The mentioned information is poorly distinguished by human being but may automatic be extracted with computer from frontal facial image and/or interpreted in biometrics or modern psychology terms.


Electron spin-echo modulation studies have been carried out for Cu/sup 2 +/ in CD/sub 3/OH, CH/sub 3/OD, and CD/sub 3/COCD/sub 3/ to deduce the cation solvation-shell geometry in these solvents. The results indicate that the Cu/sup 2 +/ is solvated by six molecules in both methanol and acetone with the molecular dipoles of these molecules oriented toward Cu/sup 2 +/. The Cu/sup 2 +/ to nearest solvent molecule oxygen distance is 2.1 A for both solvents. In mixed solvents the basic solvation-shell geometry does not change, but methanol preferentially solvates Cu/sup 2 +/ in comparison with acetone. A quantitative study shows that the probability of finding methanol in the first solvation shell of Cu/sup 2 +/ is 78% more than statistical over the range of 9 to 40 mol % methanol in acetone. This constant probability suggests the absence of cooperative effects in the solvation process.


We presented a comprehensive theoretical analysis of hybrid guided modes in a 7-layer symmetrical plasmonic waveguide, which consists of a thin metal film sandwiched symmetrically by three low/high/low-index dielectric layers. The dispersion equation for the hybrid guided mode is derived which allows us to numerically calculate the mode index and the propagation length. We have thoroughly characterized the hybrid guided modes based on our derived analytical expressions.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate, analyse and interpret the educational ideals of the ABF (Workers Educational Association) as they are understood by five members within ABF. The paper a ...


The evolution of the Boson heat capacity peak in a typical metallic glass upon structural relaxation and partial crystallization is studied. It is found that heat treatment changes the peak height in both fully amorphous and partially crystalline states in line with the prediction of the Interstitialcy theory.


In many states, investments in school capital must be approved by bond referenda. Consequently, voter preferences can directly impact the quality of school facilities and their infrastructure. Researchers have often analyzed the causal mechanisms of referendum passage, but they have not examined whether the type of capital project affects the outcome of the referendum itself. In this paper, we use data from the state of Michigan to examine whether voters are willing to provide more or less support for specific types of capital investments. We focus on the relationship between voter support for maintenance versus the construction of a new building or additions to existing buildings. Our analysis suggests there is a higher approval rate for maintenance of existing facilities than the construction of new school buildings or additions.


Phenol and its derivative compounds have received considerable attention from environmentalists, due to their undesirable effects in the water environment, where they end up as a result of improper disposal methods. As a result, concern about environmental protection has increased over the years from a global viewpoint. So research has been conducted all around with the common goal of reducing their concentrations to allowable limits or converting them to non-toxic, non-hazardous forms that may be released easily into the environment. Adsorption process has been proven one of the best water treatment technologies and activated carbon is undoubtedly considered as effective adsorbent for the removal of phenol from water. However, widespread use of commercial activated carbon is sometimes restricted due to its higher costs. Investigations have been made to develop inexpensive adsorbents utilizing numerous agricultural waste materials. By using these waste materials as locally available adsorbents is attractive due to their contribution in the reduction of costs for waste disposal, therefore contributing to environmental protection. In this review, the technical feasibility of locally available adsorbents prepared by utilizing different types of waste materials from literature has been compiled and their adsorption capacities for phenol removal as available in the literature are presented. Key Word : Adsorption, Locally available adsorbents, Phenol and its derivatives, Wastewater treatment, Waste utilization, Adsorption capacities.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory was requested by the proponent of the 43 aviator protective mask to conduct a laboratory study of the visual performance of flight AH-64 Apache helicopter pilots wearing masks with 'glue-on' prescription lenses. In response, several visual functions tests were conducted including: high and low contrast visual acuity, heterophoria, fixation disparity, and stereopsis at both near and far. In addition, visual field losses of the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting system were examined. Performance in the corrective mask was compared to that with habitual correction, either spectacles or contact lenses. The results of the visual functions tests indicated acceptable performance on all the measures except fixation disparity. The high degree of variability found on this test suggested problems associated with the prescription lens optical design, namely its high radius of curvature and its additional thickness. Field-of-view results indicated losses in visual field above those obtained with spectacle correction, but comparable to that found with the plano mask.


Obesity has always been a problem which has plagued humans for many generations, which, since the 1975, almost doubled to turn into a global epidemic. The current human dependence on technology has contributed to the problem even more, with the effects visibly pronounced in late teenagers and early adults. Researchers till date, have tried numerous ways to determine the factors that cause obesity in early adults. On that frontier, our hybrid machine-learning model uses the help of some supervised and unsupervised data mining methods like Extremely Randomized Trees, Multilayer Perceptron and XGBoost using Python to detect and predict obesity levels and help healthcare professionals to combat this phenomenon. Our dataset is a publicly available dataset in the UCI Machine Learning Repository, containing the data for the estimation of obesity levels in individuals from the countries of Mexico, Peru, and Colombia, based on their eating habits and physical condition. The proposed model heavily utilizes feature engineering methods and introduces the concept of a hybrid model. This work has shown improved results over prior works and extensive studies have been undertaken to preserve the robustness of this model.


INTRODUCTION
Chagas disease surveillance requires current knowledge on synanthropic triatomines. We analyzed the occurrence and Trypanosoma cruzi infection rates of triatomine bugs in central Brazil, during 2012-2014.

METHODS
Triatomines were collected inside or around houses, and T. cruzi infection was determined by optical microscopy and conventional/quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS
Of the 2706 triatomines collected, Triatoma sordida was the most frequent species in Goiás State, whereas Panstrongylus megistus predominated in the Federal District. Parasites identified were T. cruzi, T. rangeli, and Blastocrithidia sp.

CONCLUSIONS
P. megistus and T. sordida sustained the risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans in central Brazil.


Zero order hold discrete time equivalents of sampled data plants with multiple input and output delays are derived. The delay is not assumed to be an integral multiple of the sample period nor is it assumed identical for all inputs or outputs. It is proven that the discrete equivalent is both observable and controllable iff, (i) the discrete time equivalent with zero integral delay is both observable and controllable, (ii) the number of plant inputs and outputs is equal and (iii) there are no transmission zeros at the origin. These are useful design considerations when implementation delays are to be lumped with a discretized plant model.


Ballistocardiography (BCG) is a non-invasive tech-nology used to record ultra-low-frequency vibrations of the heart, allowing for the measurement of cardiac and respiratory cycle events, including timing and amplitudes of contraction. Recent developments in BCG have made this technology simple to use, as well as time and cost-efficient compared with other more complicated and invasive techniques used to evaluate cardiac performance. The BCG -based Dozee device can contactlessly monitor Heart Rate (HR) and Respiratory Rate (RR) using a sensor sheet placed under the mattress. While most sensor based devices in medicine have a simulated test bed for validation of HR and RR, there are no such standard simulators for BCG signals. Hence, we developed a heart and lung simulator and its accuracy was tested with an FDA-approved BCG -based device, the EarlySense 2.0 System. The HR and RR claims for the Dozee VS device were then validated using the simulator, especially for extreme cases. This paper aims to present the validation of a novel micro-vibration simulation setup to validate micro-vibration based HR and RR monitoring systems.


: Language is the medium of communication and interaction in words or sign format. Easy access to mobile held devices and popularity of social media has revolutionized the way people used to communicate with each other in the past. The information generated in the past two years is many times greater than the information generated since data storage technology inceptions. The Urdu language has emerged since the 6th century from other languages like Arabic, Hindi, Persian, Prakrit and Sanskrit, and it is the national language of Pakistan. Even after being used widely in all public, official and media use of this language is limited to speaking and reading. The study to analyze the use of Urdu language on social media was conducted during the general elections of Pakistan, 2018. With the expansion of the internet, a new colony of the digital world has come into existence which communicates. This study utilized Twitter as a source of information to assess how Urdu as a language has flourished over this Social Media platform. The results showed the varying use of Urdu and Roman Urdu. The study was able to prove that the language had evolved and integrated even into Social Media and its usage is mostly during occasions and varying durations.


On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Dr. Thomas Annesley, Book Reviews Editor of Clinical Chemistry , felt that a review of clinical chemistry textbooks covering the past three decades would enable the younger generation of clinical chemists to appreciate the profound changes that have taken place in the clinical chemistry laboratory. He also felt that having worked in clinical chemistry laboratories for 40 years, which is tantamount to "being present at the creation", qualified me for this assignment. While preparing this review, I recognized an interdependence among the practice of clinical chemistry and the contents of textbooks and Clinical Chemistry . As to what comes first, in my slightly biased opinion the Journal has set, and is setting, the pace for textbooks and laboratory practice.

I focus on the book of N.W. Tietz, because comparison of the four editions depicts the dramatic changes that occurred in the clinical chemistry laboratory from 1970 to 1993, and on the 1964 book of R.J. Henry, because it was the most comprehensive and informative book of clinical chemistry of its time. Although there are several other important clinical chemistry textbooks, as depicted in Table 1⇓ , they were not reviewed because the changes between the first and last edition do not depict the metamorphosis of the clinical chemistry laboratory from the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s.

R.J. Henry published the first comprehensive textbook of clinical chemistry in 1964; it dealt almost exclusively with the analytical aspects of the new, evolving medical laboratory discipline. Its 29 chapters covered principles of spectrophotometry, flame photometry, gasometric techniques, electrophoresis, accuracy, precision, control charts, significant figures (still abused by most authors and journals), and normal values. Analytical methods were described for various proteins and amino acid metabolites found in urine in …


A generic disposal facility model was created to mirror disposal of low-level radioactive waste in a humid environment. The standard waste package used is a painted and primed carbon steel box stacked four high and placed next to one another within the disposal facility, preventing outward deformations of individual boxes. Waste is placed in the facility in sections, and as each section is filled it is covered with a layer of natural soil. It was assumed that boxes are exposed to natural precipitation rates for approximately 12 months, reduced to natural background infiltration to simulate the soil cover, and dropping to 1% of background infiltration when the facility is filled and a water-shedding interim cover is installed. It was also assumed that each box retains its structural integrity at the time of disposal, with the exception of the top box, which has its lid collapse inward from the overlying soil cover. Waste packages experience different rates of corrosion, differential amounts of infiltration, and fill with liquid at different rates based on when and where they are placed in the facility. Using historical literature and DOE site reports, calculations were made to estimate a range of waste package failure outcomes.


educational the 21st century should be quality_oriented education which promotes and develops the student's overall qualities, so is English Education. This paper explores the teaching situation in junior and senior middle school in Kaifeng by means of questionnaire and informal discussions. The results indicate quality_oriented English education at the primary stage has made great progress, but still exists some problems.


In the present research the flow over large roughness elements, representative of a rocket nozzle inner contour, is investigated. From the rocket nozzle inner surface roughness, three simplified roughness shapes were defined and tested: a forward facing step, a cavity, and a forward facing step plus cavity. The geometries vary in height from 6 to 46 percent of the boundary layer thickness. The flow over these roughness elements is studied at a free stream Mach number of 2. This was done numerically by means of RANS simulations and experimentally by means of Schlieren and PIV. For these geometries it was found that three flow classes can be distinguished. For large roughness heights, with a large length to depth ratio, the flow disruptions center around the steps, while the sections between the elements show flat-plate flow. Drag and heat transfer show large increases for these elements. At smaller roughness heights a smoother behavior of the flow can be seen which more resembles boundary layer behavior. For cases where the length to depth ratio of the elements becomes small, a third flow class can be defined. Here the flow is separated between the roughness elements, and the gap from element top to element top is bridged by a shear layer. It was observed that a boundary layer was formed on top of the elements. Based on these observations, a classification system is proposed which divides the roughness in different categories, for each of which it is recommended to use a separate modelling approach. Introduction To evaluate the thermal loading of a rocket nozzle, a good predictive capability of the heat transfer on the gas side is mandatory. For a smooth wall multiple design formulations are available to calculate the heat transfer, see White [5]. If the surface is rough the heating is likely to be different from the smooth case. The interest of the current research lies in the regime of large roughness heights (relative to the boundary layer thickness) since this is not well covered in literature. Jimenez [1] is one of the few sources that describes flows over larger roughnesses. In practice these rough wall geometries can have various forms and shapes. They can range from the distributed wall texture roughness, to discrete roughness elements. Material roughness has been extensively researched. It was shown by Nikuradse [3] that the turbulent boundary layer flow on a rough surface can be described by adapting the standard law of the wall. In this study, however, we consider discrete wall patterns that are designed to represent the surface irregularities on the inside of the baseline rocket nozzle due to the employed manufacturing technique. We will investigate the effects of such surface irregularities on the flow, focusing in particular on the size of these roughness profiles. The final goal is to find a model that can explain the observed effects. Different physical behavior has been observed in different configurations, and therefore a system will be proposed which classifies the roughness into categories with the same behavior. The investigation was carried out using a combined computational and experimental approach. First a CFD study has been performed on these geometries. These simulations where made for a turbulent flow over an adiabatic, heated and cooled wall. The non-adiabatic wall simulations, were run with a wall temperature of 0.5 and 1.5 times the adiabatic wall temperature, i.e. , 137.5 K and 412.5 K, respectively. In the experiments the flow was visualized using Schlieren. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was subsequently used to measure the velocity in the flow field. Rough geometries To investigate the effect of element geometry on the wall shear and heat transfer, multiple geometries have been defined. These are variations on the baseline nozzle geometry. For optical access to the geometries in the experiments they have been implemented as spanwise two-dimensional shapes in a nominal flat-plate configuration. Fig. 1 A shows several elements of the baseline nozzle shape extrapolated to a flat plate with the free-stream from left to right.


An attempt was made to develop probiotic dahi incorporating raw and roasted foxtail millet ( Setaria italica ) flour at different levels and the effect of incorporation on the sensory and physicochemical attributes were studied. Probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum (1:1) cultures at 1% level with 1% dahi culture was prepared by incorporation of raw and roasted foxtail millet flours at 0% (control), 1, 2 and 3% levels in standardized cow milk separately. Sensory evaluation of the probiotic dahi prepared with 1% raw and roasted foxtail millet flour incorporation showed maximum sensory scores of 21. 01 and 22.25 respectively, as against control 20.66. Incorporation of raw and roasted millet flour at 1%, in probiotic dahi caused improved firmness and syneresis, increased titratable acidity (% lactic acid) compared to the control sample. Incorporation of millet flours increased the total solid content but did not significantly affect the fat and protein content of the probiotic dahi. Percentage FFA contents of the treatments were statistically significant compared to control.


An event is the occurrence of some state change in a component of a software system, made visible to the external world. Usually an event is represented by a data structure called an event notification, or simply a notification. Sometimes subscribers can express interest in being notified upon the occurrence of specific combinations of events only. This type of an event is called a composite event. RUBCES (Rule Based Composite Event System) is a centralized event system that allows the use of composite events in publish/subscribe computational model. In this system, an event is represented as an object and a rule is represented as an expression or a function that is evaluated or executed depending on the occurrence of events. This paper presents the design details of RUBCES and the syntax and semantics of Rule Definition Language (RDL) for describing composite events and event filters.


This research note takes advantage of a novel dataset to analyze legislators' behavior in Uruguay's Parliament. Comparing the positions of legislators based on floor speeches and roll-call voting, it discusses the relationship between discourse and voting among individual legislators and parties. The dataset contains more than 57,000 speeches from more than 1,000 Uruguayan legislators between 1985 and 2015 and its related R package. The study estimates the parties' policy positions on the basis of two data sources, roll-call votes and floor speeches, and then compares both results. Contrary to expectations, no clear association appears between the two scaling methods, demonstrating that vote and legislative speech may reflect the behavior of individual legislators with potentially conflicting goals. Strategic calculations or party discipline may be plausible explanations for the divergent results obtained from text and roll-call scaling methods.


Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a turbine combustor probe (84) having a combustion dynamics monitoring probe (102) configured to monitor combustion dynamics within a turbine combustor (14). The turbine combustor probe (84) also has a gas sampling sleeve (100) configured to collect a gas sample from an airflow path (56) between a liner (58) and a flow sleeve (60) of the turbine combustor (14).


The specimen, No. 92458 in the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum, is an adult 9:length--216 mm; wing cord--117 mm; and weight•40 g. There are three previous unpublished sight records for Ontario, two at Hamilton, Wentworth County, and one at Toronto, York County. The A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (5th ed., 1957) gives winter occurrences for Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, New York, and New Brunswick. The Ohio record was an individual seen 26 December 1938 to 14 January 1939, in Sylvania Township, Lucas County (Campbell, L. W., Birds of Lucas County, Toledo Mus. of Sci. Bull., 1(1): 127-128, 1940). Zimmerman and Van Tyne (A Distributional Check-list o/ the Birds o/ Michigan, U.M.M.Z. Occ. Pap. No. 608: 42, 1959) list an adult 9 collected in Waterloo Township, Jackson County, on 4 January 1957.--D. H. B^LDWX•, and J^•rEs WOODFOR•, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto 5, Ontario.


GRAND RAPIDS, Michigan, has been heralded as a significant example of the contribution which an American city can make by furnishing work relief during the current depression. The outstanding features of the plan were set forth in an article published in the American Magazine in January, 1932. The title of the article was "A City Where Every Man Has a Job," and the subtitle indicated that Grand Rapids had proved that any kind of work was better than charity. The article outlined the types of work which were furnished and pointed out the desirable consequence which followed a program of employment rather than the use of extensive charitable relief. The people of Grand Rapids must have been severely disappointed when the Supreme Court of the state of Michigan handed down a decision under the Workmen's Compensation Law on August 29, 1933, in which it held that the plan used in Grand Rapids was only another form of charity and that such work did not constitute employment. The majority of the Court in a brief opinion said, "Citizens heeding public aid are, in a sense, wards of the municipality required to support them, and if the able among them are set at work at common and unremunerative public tasks, there does not arise the contract of hire or the relation of employer and employee, but only a helping hand in behalf of public charity involved and extended."' The Court, quoting from Corpus Juris, announced, "Municipalities called upon to support paupers have a right to their services and earnings to aid in the support.'" The section cited is the one on the treatment of "Paupers" and not in the section on "Master and Servant."


There does not exist a complete system of administrative evidence in China at present.In administrative practice,the administrative organs have to apply the rules of evidence in Administrative Litigation Law and its judicial interpretation.The rules of evidence in litigation are simply transplanted into the administrative procedure for the efficiency of administrative activities,which led to a lot of conflicts both in theory and in practice.Therefore,the Administrative Procedure Act need to be enacted to provide the rules of administrative evidence,once the rule system is established,judges should review administrative actions according to this act,the regulations referring to administrative evidence in Administrative Litigation Law and its judicial interpretation will come to the end.


The kinetics of the conversion of acetylene (HCCH) to vinylidene (CCH2) at the surface of Rh{111} has been studied using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD). Acetylene is desorbed intact into the gas phase when the surface is rapidly (∼1010 K s-1) heated by a laser pulse, which provides a quantitative means of following the slow thermal conversion to vinylidene at the surface. This conversion is found to occur over the temperature range from 140 to 220 K. Temperature-jump isothermal studies of the conversion process were performed, and the results provide the basis for a one-step mechanism with a single activated complex involving the surface-assisted migration of one H atom across the C−C bond, with product inhibition of the reaction due to an activation energy barrier that increases strongly with the amount of vinylidene formed. With no surface vinylidene present the activation energy for the surface conversion is 39 kJ mol-1, independent of acetylene coverage. If H2 or D2 are postdosed to the surfa...


PPy aluminum electrolytic capacitors were prepared using two-step method of chemical and electrochemical polymerization. The effects of electrochemical polymerization temperature on the capacitance and Res of the PPy capacitors were investigated, and the microstructure of PPy polymerized at different temperatures were observed by SEM. The results show that the capacitors possess good performance when the electrochemical polymerization temperature is 10~20 ℃. The capacitors polymerized at 15 ℃ possess the best performance with the highest capacitance of 12.6 μF, the lowest Res of 32 mΩ, and uniform particle size.


Technical methods for preparation of thin sections suitable for electron microscopy, while exacting, have been developed to a point of useful application. A series of electron micrographs from such sections of the anterior lobe of the pituitary glands of normal female rats are presented. It is evident that in many respects the nuclear and cytoplasmic detail revealed surpasses that which can be achieved by light microscopy and offers great promise for research in problems of cytophysiology and pathology. The various cell forms as seen in the normal anterior pituitary are illustrated, and tentative interpretations of functional states are made. Cytologic structures clearly demonstrated include `specific' granules, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasmic ground substance and cell membranes. Some acidophiles contain delicate intracellular canaliculi (or lamellae), and cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles are prominent in certain basophiles. These alterations, which are associated with enlargement of the Golgi apparatus, are believed to reflect secretory activity.


The search for alternative means to increase the productivity of crops, minimizing their harmful effects on the environment, has recently become particularly relevant. Promising in this aspect is the introduction of microbial drugs into the production of agricultural products. The effect of bacterization of seeds by microbial agents on the increase of crop yields has been proven and does not cause any doubt. But the period of vegetation is prolonged, and some abiotic and biotic factors violate their physiological balance, which necessarily affects yields and product quality. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to develop and implement an effective agro-acceptance of the use of the microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn during the cultivation of corn, aimed at increasing the yield and quality of products. This paper presents the results of three-year field studies to determine the effectiveness of agro-consumption, which involves the bacterialisation of seeds and superficial treatment of plants during the growth of the microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn on the yield of corn. We have established that the indicated agroprisium provides an increase in the index of pure photosynthesis efficiency from 9.58 to 10.96 g/m2 for 1 day, which is on average 64.7% more than the value of the corresponding indicator of the control variant and is accompanied by an increase in the yield of corn grain on 2.4 t/ha, or 28.6%, and its qualitative indicators, namely: protein content — by 1.4%, starch — by 8.9%. The abovementioned parameters in the variants with complex application of Polimiksobakteryn were higher than for a separate bacteriosis of seeds or surface treatment.


The metallographic structures, silicate associations and bulk compositions (Ni, Co, P, S, and Si) were determined by microprobe analysis for 205 metal particles selected by magnetic separation from the less than 1 mm, greater than 125 micron fraction of soil samples 14003,18 and 14163,165. A small number of exotic particles were encountered but almost all the metal could be accommodated within one of four subpopulations, the characteristics and genetic significance of which may be stated as follows: (1) the major proportion has Ni and Co contents corresponding to the range of meteoritic metal; (2) small proportion (about 5%) that not only has meteoritic contents of Ni and Co but also shows still distinguishable indications of meteoritic microstructure; (3) another small population (about 10%) consists of metal excavated from lunar mare basalts by cratering events, and thrown onto the Apollo 14 site; and (4) metallic spheroids (about 5%), analogous to those encountered in the vicinity of the Barringer Meteorite Crater, Arizona.


In this article the author examines the composition of convent libraries in Renaissance Europe—specifically, Italy and Spain. While much research on monastic libraries has occurred, little has concerned convent libraries. They are unique because they include writing both by and for women. The author used previous historical research to form an overview of a convent library's composition. Examining monastic and Tridentine rules regarding literature collected and produced in convents allows one to understand if ecclesiastical legislation restricted convent literature. From there, examining scribal work performed in convents, a few known convent holdings, and the works written by nuns themselves can illuminate the holdings of a convent library. These methods lead to the conclusion that convent libraries contained collections rich in social history and women's history because they contained some of the only literature by, for, and about women.


The author provides a simple criterion for the strict Hurwitz property of uncertain polynomials with coefficients q epsilon R/sup n-1/ varying in a given diamond Q/sub D/. Since Q/sub D/ is the set dual to the rectangle Q/sub R/ considered by V.L. Kharitonov (1978), the result obtained is called the dual theorem of Kharitonov. This theorem shows that a family of polynomials with coefficients q varying in the diamond Q/sub D/ is strictly Hurwitz if and only if eight one-dimensional edges of the diamond are strictly Hurwitz.<<ETX>>


ABCD matrices for a thick lens based on first-order frequency-dependent material dispersion of dielectric permittivity are derived using standard paraxial theory and spherical surfaces. The analysis and results are compared with the non-dispersive problem and used to ascertain imaging behavior for a gray scale 2D object. The possibility of introducing chirality and negative index in the lens material is also discussed.


Abstract A new computer-generated generalized zone plate is proposed, which is able to concentrate the incident beam into a line segment of various length and arbitrary inclination to the optical axis, as well as unrestricted distribution of the longitudinal intensity. The approach is based on the energy conservation principle and equations of the paraxial ray tracing, both considered in the cartesian coordinate system. Hyberbolic, elliptic, linear, and conical zone plates are shown to be limiting cases of the proposed element. Other specific cases, e.g. a new element focusing into a segment of the optical axis, are also derived.


Understanding of the fracture mechanism and tensile strength of glass and glass fibers has been a challenging subject for glass scientists over the past century. In the present work, we report our recent findings about the fracture behavior and the tensile strength of the oxide glass fibers. We found several key factors that considerably influence the tensile strength of both continuous glass fibers and discontinuous wool fibers. Based on a large amount of the tensile strength data, it is revealed that the fiber drawing force enhances the tensile strength of the oxide glass fibers. This enhancement could be attributed to the two factors: the structural anisotropy and the macroscopic defect (flaws, bubbles, striae et al) orientation, both of which are induced by the fiber drawing forces. This finding is further verified by annealing experiments on both continuous and wool fibers below T g . The onset annealing temperature of the tensile strength decay is close to that of the anisotropy relaxation of the continuous fibers. The relative contributions of the different factors to the tensile strength are distinguished and estimated in terms of the tensile strength decay as a function of the sub- T g annealing temperature in order to better understand the fracture mechanism of glass fibers. Furthermore, we illustrate both special and general fracture patterns of glass fibers. Finally, we demonstrate and explain how the tensile strength of the discontinuous wool fibers is related to the redox state of iron.


A Conversion algorithm form draw- ing coordinate data to machining tubular data for tube bending is presented in detail and proved good aceuracy and easy programmable.The GUI design of CNC tube bender is well done by Qt's visual de- sign tool Qt Designer in linux OS,realizes human- computer interaction of data translation.


Objective: many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for treatment and management of different diseases. The plant Bryonia dioica has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings.The current study is therefore reviewed to provide requisite phytochemical and pharmacological detail about the plant. Methods: preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening of various secondary metabolites by a specific chemical tests was carried out on the ethanolic extract of the leaves plant part, then, general procedure for extracting the plant leaves using 80% ethanol in soxhlet apparatus was done. The plant leaves extract was evaluated for its efficacy in rats by inducing hepatotoxicity with CCl4. Single oral dose of 250mg/kg of different fractions extract was given to ratۥfor 7 days. Serum activities of transaminases (ALT and AST) were used as the biochemical marker of hepatotoxicity. Histopatholigical changes in rat's liver section were also examined. Results: The results of the study indicated that this plant part contained alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinoin, sterols and terpenoids also the pretreatment of rats with Bryonia extract before the hepatotoxins agent (CCl4) offered a hepato- protective action. Conclusion: It can be concluded that this study is a good step to show that Bryonia extract possess a potent hepato-protective activity against CCL4 induced liver damage in rats.


Although motion is crucial for ecological facial perception, Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) studies mainly used static pictures as stimuli. Recent experiments highlight that motion could improve FER by providing dynamic information, facilitating configural processing and enhancing the perception of change [2]. However, motion may have a generic effect for facial features recognition, rather than a selective facilitation for FER, especially according to new models of face perception [4]. For instance, simple internal characteristics movements, such as eyes looking to the right, may take advantage of a dynamic presentation as well as facial emotion expressions [5]. Previous studies mainly used static [2] or degraded [7] pictures for control tasks, not directly comparing FER to simple physical features recognition. The aim of our work is to explore the role of motion in both emotional and structural facial features recognition.


Abstract In Architecture, Engineering and other allied professional fields, the methods of assessment has for some decades been parametric. In an effort to carry out assessment for the grading of design works, the students have in many ways been confronted with bias, fear, intimidation, uncertainty, and mistrust from peers, studio teacher-instructors, observers, professional jurors, and other stakeholders involved within the process. The research employed a multi-stage stratified purposive sampling technique in which questionnaire responses were analysed using SPSS with regression analysis. The analysis was used for observations, focus group, and oral interviews. In this study, assessment of parameters and methods of grading employed in the Architectural Design Jury with specific reference to four (4) selected universities in Nigeria was made. Several factors militating against the conduct and ethics of the jury methods were also identified. The results revealed key findings in the four selected schools and each performed differently in terms of some significantly relevant parametric factors such as the Jury Review and Format, the Jury Purpose, Hierarchy and its Inherent Pedagogies, the Jury Objectives and Parameters and the Jury Prospects. The engagement of these parametric measures would empower architecture students, jurors, architect-designers, engineers, educators, builders and other allied professionals to make robust and meaningful decisions to attain design satisfaction for the clients and end-users. From the analysis, a dialogically comprehensive parametric process was identified as fit to proffer pragmatic solutions to address trivialities of the problem and is able to fix in answers to related design issues.


Linear segmented polyurethane ureas were prepared from 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dicyclohexyl methane (3DCM), and various hydrophilic and hydrophobic soft segments. Kinetic studies of the synthesis of the diisocyanate-terminated prepolymers revealed that the use of too little reactive polyols (that is, polyoxypropylene that bears secondary hydroxyls) could be rather tricky; the noncatalyzed reaction is very slow, but the use of a catalyst soon triggers the formation of side products, and the processing window consequently becomes quite short. Microcalorimetric and dynamic mechanical measurements showed that all the materials were highly phase-segregated elastomers and displayed good mechanical properties up to high temperature (typically 180°C), provided that they had been postcured properly; in this respect, the dramatic effects of isolated (nonchemically linked) hard segments, as well as of too low postcuring temperatures, were demonstrated. Polyurethane ureas compare well with polyureas, and their synthesis can be a good way to cope with the lack of well-adapted commercial diamino-terminated prepolymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2331–2342, 1998


Historically, street hawkers and street markets originated, all over the world, as the real first form of retailing. Today we still use the term 'street markets' to refer to outdoor spaces that are made up of a set of implicit and explicit traditions and cultural practices, but these are also spaces of sociality and connection (Watson 2009; Watson and Studdert 2006). Although street markets are primarily studied as sites for the exchange of economic goods and tradable products, they play a crucial role in the policies of urban regeneration, tangible and intangible heritage, placemaking, healthy eating, social sustainability, environmental impact, social and community cohesion, and economic innovation (Shepherd 2009; Stillerman 2006; Watson and Wells 2005). Based on the premise that street hawking and street markets are part of a wider socioeconomic and political system, this essay concentrates on the transition from street hawkers to public markets in Hong Kong, and analyses this historical transformation and their consequences within the framework of Hong Kong Government's strategy to create a modern and sanitized city.


The performance of the CO2 capture of a potassium-based dry sorbent was investigated in a dual circulating fluidized bed process. The dual circulating fluidized bed process consisted of a carbonation reactor and a regeneration reactor. It was operated in the continuous solid circulation mode between a fast fluidized-bed carbonator of 6 m in height and a bubbling fluidized-bed regenerator. As the solid circulation rate increased from 7 to 36 kg/m2/s, the CO2 removal of the potassium sorbent, sorbKX40, increased from 25 to 55% and the mean voidage was maintained from 0.94 to 0.99 representing the dilute phase in the fluidization regime. The continuous solid circulation behavior in a dual fluidized bed process was well expressed by a single closed loop in a pressure balance curve that indirectly explained the direction of the sorbent flow and the mean bulk densities of the gas–solid mixture. The information on hydrodynamics and sorption capacity will be used for the conceptual and scale-up design of the system.


Effective and adequate selection of means and methods of development of motor qualities, ensuring improved state of health, physical fitness and constitution of people is one of the acute goals of scientists and practitioners who work in the fitness sphere. It is to be marked that very few researches on validation of various fitness methodologies have been carried out in our country. The studies mainly referred to use of athleticism, traditional methods of aerobics, specifically step aerobics, classic (basic) aerobics and Pilates method. Circuit training is the most popular organizational-educational form of classes in sport. It has been started to be introduced into the field of fitness not so long ago. Despite the wide use of different types of circuit training in fitness, this organizational-methodological form is poorly validated which makes the issue relevant. The purpose of the study was to make fitness training in conditions of fitness clubs more effective using integrated circuit trainings which include functional exercises with the use of modern fitness equipment. The research methods included courseware analysis, tests of physical qualities, educational experiment and statistical methods. Physical fitness was estimated before and after the experiment using the following tests: wall squats (hold-on time); push-ups; arch back arms locking behind neck (number of reps per 15 sec); crunch (number of reps); holding two legs forward sitting with back to the wall; wall lean pressing sideward (distance from toes to floor - in cm); passive flexibility in shoulder joints; forward lean. The states of vegetative nervous and cardiovascular systems were estimated using the Baevsky's method. Proceeding from the findings, introducing into practice circuit fitness trainings with the use of functional exercises will contribute to the diversification of fitness services and more efficient process of recreation of the population.


Abstract – King Island grass fed cattle (n=3,185) processed at a mainland Tasmanian abattoir in groups (n=66) between March-June 2015 were evaluated to determine which on farm factors impacted the incidence of dark cutting. Survey of mycotoxin prevalence revealed a high level of potentially toxic agents across all farms sampled. Total Ergot Alkaloids and FumonisinB1 had a negative impact on dark cutting rate per group (P<0.05).


The index modulation (IM) approach adds an extra signal modulation dimension by utilizing a subcarrier index domain, which is in addition to the traditional IQ domain. A frequency diverse array (FDA) technology is rapidly developing as a new technique for radar systems. In this letter, a novel transmitter architecture for the FDA, combining the IM concept with the FDA, namely IM-FDA, is presented. Compared with conventional frequency diverse arrays (CFDAs), the proposed architecture offers thumbtack-like beampatterns, which can decouple the range and angle dependence, an issue existing in the CFDA. An additional benefit is that, apart from sensing target location, information can be conveyed to the targets through the selected frequency offset indices in the proposed scheme. The transmitter architecture is elaborated along with its design details, and the efficacy of the proposed architecture is validated via numerical results for the transmit beampattern by comparison with the CFDA and random frequency diverse array.


UKRN position statement on research outputs. Written by the UKRN Steering Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA).


Listeriosis is one of the important food-borne bacterial zoonotic diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The present study was undertaken to determine the presence of L. monocytogenes in raw meat of market. We collected five hundred samples, comprising 150 samples each of buffalo meat, mutton and chevon and 50 swabs from butchers' hand, knife and log. The samples were screened using three selective plating media viz. Dominguez–Rodriguez isolation agar (DRIA), PALCAM, Oxford agar and confirmed by Christie, Atkins and Munch Petersen (CAMP) test and sugar fermentation pattern. Out of 500 samples, 13 (2.6%) samples revealed presence of L. monocytogenes, out of which 12 (2.7%) were from meat and 1 (2.0%) from swab. The highest prevalence was observed in mutton 6 (4.0%) followed by buffalo meat 4 (2.7%), chevon 2 (1.3%) and least in butcher's hand swab 1 (2.0%). The genotypic characterization of all 13 isolates was done by PCR amplification of virulence associated genes inlA (lmo0433), inlB (lmo0434), plcB (lmo0205) and inlJ (lmo2821). PCR amplification revealed that internalin genes inlA (lmo0433) and inlB(lmo0434) present in all the isolates while phospholipase gene plcB (lmo0205) in 11 (84.62%) and internalin gene inlJ (lmo2821) was present in 10 (76.92%) isolates.


The purpose of this work was to develop and analyze different materials that would be able to create the partially carbonized nanofibers through electrohydrodynamic casting followed by heat treatment. Test samples were created with different precursors containing polymer solutions and different added metal salts. After performing a series of steps to create each test sample, the sample was heat-treated to generate carbon nanofiber composites. The morphology of the carbon nanofiber composites was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Hyperthermia tests on typical fiber composites were performed.


1.W hat you should do only is good deeds,paying no attention to thefuture.但行好事,莫问前程。2.To help others is to help yourself.与人方便,自己方便。3.If you are good at your contacts with other people,you ll get re-spected by them som e tim e later.善与人交,久而敬之。4.Its a m ust for people to choose neighbors and m ake friends withgood persons.居必择邻,交必良友。5.Its good for people to be bright and yet fond of learning,and notasham ed to ask and learn oftheir inferiors.敏而好学,不耻下问。6.A person who gives no thought to difficulties in the futu...


The phytochemical analysis and serum lipid profile of male Wistar rats following oral administration of serial extracts of solanum acculeastrum seeds were evaluated and compared. Finely ground Solanum aculeastrum seeds (1000 g) were extracted with hexane, chloroform, benzene, ethylacetate and ethanol respectively using serial exhaustive extraction technique. Male Wistar rats weighing 280 ± 20g were injected with 10 mg/kg body weight of Testosterone Propionate through intraperitoneal route for twenty eight days to induce BPH. The animals were divided into eight (8) groups of six (6) rats each. Group 1 (Normal control) was not induced with BPH and served as normal control, group 2 was induced and not treated and served as BPH control, group 3 (Finasteride control) was induced and received standard drug, finasteride while groups 4 (Hexane extract treated group), 5 (Chloroform extract treated group), 6 (Benzene extract treated group), 7 (Ethylacetate extract treated group) and 8 (Ethanol extract treated group) were induced and treated orally with 300 mg/kg body weight of hexane, chloroform, benzene, ethylacetate and ethanol extracts respectively for twenty eight days. The animals were sacrificed and blood collected through cardiac puncture. Biochemical studies were conducted using standard procedures. Steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids, proteins and reducing sugars were detected. The yield (g/ 100 g) of flavonoids was maximum (11.07), followed by phenols (0.327). TC, TG and VLDL-C levels were not significantly altered except in chloroform extract where significant increase in LDL-C levels was observed. Hexane extract exhibited the best effect compared to the standard drug. These results suggest that all the serial extracts may be safe for use in the management of BPH and support its therapeutic use by the herbalists in treating inflammatory diseases.


The entrepreneurs of family SMEs allow innovation, and economic growth, mainly in the ecotourism sector. The objective is to analyze the entrepreneurship finance of an Ecuadorian ecotourism resort in San Carlos Parish, Los Ríos province for the next five years. The methodology is descriptive and quantitative. An experimental design and analytical and bibliographic methods were applied in this research. The study shows the viability, comparing risk (discount rate) and profitability.


0. The Kitsai language, one of four principal branches of Caddoan, was recorded in Oklahoma in the summers of 1929 and 1930 when it was on the verge of extinction. In 1928, during my first field research, I found only four Kitsai speakers reported; the Kitsais, long a small band associated with the Wichita tribe, had become speakers of Wichita, except in the few cases in which they were bilingual. The Committee on American Indian Languages financed the two summers' work. From'June 21 to July 4, 1929, I worked with five reputed Kitsai speakers; since none spoke English, it was necessary to work through a Wichita-speaking interpreter. By early July it was clear that only one speaker, Kai Kai, an old lady in her mid-eighties, was actually fluent in Kitsai; materials recorded from the other four are available to substantiate this. Thereafter, all recording was done with Kai Kai. Tom Haddon, a Wichita, served as interpreter as needed. As I acquired a rudimentary Kitsai, most actual recording was done with Kai Kai alone; then her Wichita translations of Kitsai words and forms not yet understood were reworked with Tom Haddon's help. Kai Kai when I knew her lived alone about 8 miles north of Anadarko, Oklahoma, just


Autolytic degradation of RNA in suspensions of yeast at 50°C has been further studied as a means of preparing single-cell protein (SCP) suitable for human consumption. Membrane disorganisation with initiation of autolysis was promoted by addition of ethanol (5 % v/v) or, more effectively, by first air-drying yeast in a fluid-bed dryer and rehydrating it at 4°C, or at 50°C, before incubation at 50°C. Water was a poor suspension medium, but nearly complete breakdown of RNA within 1.5 h was achieved with a buffer, or with a 0.5 m solution of NaCl. Salt in high concentration possibly destroyed ribosomal structure. With pressed commercial baker 's yeast, a consideration of its composition suggested that an ideal procedure for removing RNA would result in the loss of about 24% of dry matter, with the production of SCP containing 54% protein. With careful timing, SCP with 48% protein could be obtained from air-dried yeast on extraction with 0.5 M-NaCl, with a loss of 32% of the dry matter. Active dried baker 's yeast also autolysed rapidly at 50°C, and had a relatively low proteinase activity. After extensive autolysis of baker 's yeast, the residual nucleic acid (about 5 % of that initially present) was characterised by a relatively high ratio of adenine/guanine.


Lung surfactant plays an important role of normal respiration to reduce the surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the alveoli and prevents collapse of the lung. The deficiency of lung surfactants causes respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. Thus, many synthetic lung surfactants for RDS treatment have so far been studied and developed by many researchers.The aerosol delivery of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) as a principal ingredient of lung surfactant was attempted for RDS treatment, but it had no effect. On the other hand the effective synthetic lung surfactant for RDS including surfactant proteins extracted from bovine lung, named TA, has been developed by Fujiwara et al.The characteristics of synthetic lung surfactants with or without the surfactant proteins, SP-B, SP-C and SP-BC, were evaluated on the basis of surface modulus and viscosity obtained by applying the Maxwell model to the relaxation of the surface pressure produced by an area strain of 10% on a monolayer on the surface of a buffer solution and were compared with those of the synthetic lung surfactant TA developed earlier. The surface shear modulus and viscosity characteristic of the surface rheology for synthetic lung surfactant TA containing a trace of SP-BC showed a constant value for area strain of 10% under all equilibrium surface pressures and coincided with values of the mixed monolayers obtained by adding SP-BC and SP-B + C to the other components of lung surfactant (except surfactant proteins), but these moduli and viscosities for the systems without surfactant proteins increased with increase in equilibrium surface pressures. These results suggest that the existence of a trace of SP-BC in the synthetic lung surfactant TA improves its effectiveness and may serve as a 'cushion' among dipalmitoyl lecithin molecules in the monolayers during surface compression and expansion of these monolayers.


The metastable olivine (Ol) wedge hypothesis assumes that Ol may exist as a metastable phase at the P conditions of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) and even deeper regions due to inhibition of the phase transitions from Ol to wadsleyite and ringwoodite caused by low T in the cold subducting slabs. It is commonly invoked to account for the stagnation of the descending slabs, deep focus earthquakes and other geophysical observations. In the last few years, several new structures with the forsterite (Fo) composition, namely Fo-II, Fo-III and Fo-IV, were either experimentally observed or theoretically predicted at very low T conditions. They may have important impacts on the metastable Ol wedge hypothesis. By performing first-principles calculations, we have systematically examined their crystallographic characteristics, elastic properties and dynamic stabilities from 0 to 100 GPa, and identified the Fo-III phase as the most likely metastable phase to occur in the cold slabs subducted to the depths equivalent to the lower part of the MTZ (below the ~600 km depth) and even the lower mantle. As disclosed by our theoretical simulations, the Fo-III phase is a post-spinel phase (space group Cmc21), has all cations in sixfold coordination at P < ~60 GPa, and shows dynamic stability for the entire P range from 0 to 100 GPa. Further, our static enthalpy calculations have suggested that the Fo-III phase may directly form from the Fo material at ~22 GPa (0 K), and our high-T phase relation calculations have located the Fo/Fo-III phase boundary at ~23.75 GPa (room T) with an averaged Clapeyron slope of ~−1.1 MPa/K for the T interval from 300 to 1800 K. All these calculated phase transition pressures are likely overestimated by ~3 GPa because of the GGA method used in this study. The discrepancy between our predicted phase transition P and the experimental observation (~58 GPa at 300 K) can be explained by slow reaction rate and short experimental durations. Taking into account the P-T conditions in the cold downgoing slabs, we therefore propose that the Fo-III phase, rather than the Ol, highly possibly occurs as the metastable phase in the cold slabs subducted to the P conditions of the lower part of the MTZ (below the ~600 km depth) and even the lower mantle. In addition, our calculation has showed that the Fo-III phase has higher bulk seismic velocity, and thus may make important contributions to the high seismic speeds observed in the cold slabs stagnated near the upper mantle-lower mantle boundary. Future seismic studies may discriminate the effects of the Fo-III phase and the low T. Surprisingly, the Fo-III phase will speed up, rather than slow down, the subducting process of the cold slabs, if it metastably forms from the Ol. In general, the Fo-III phase has a higher density than the warm MTZ, but has a lower density than the lower mantle, as suggested by our calculations.


In this paper, we firstly give the definition of the coupled Hall-Littlewood function and its realization in terms of vertex operators. Then we construct the representation of the two-site generalized $q$-boson model in the algebra of coupled Hall-Littlewood functions. Finally, we find that the vertex operators which generate coupled Hall-Littlewood functions can also be used to obtain the partition function of the A-model topological string on the conifold.


Dynamics of charged matter in the oblique black hole magnetosphere is investigated. In particular, we adopt a model consisting of a rotating black hole embedded in the external large-scale magnetic field that is inclined arbitrarily with respect to the rotation axis. Breaking the axial symmetry appears to have profound consequences regarding the dynamics of particles and it also poses some methodological difficulties. In this contribution we discuss the applicability of the method of effective potential for the non-axisymmetric model and show that it may only be applied in the appropriate reference frame.


Another kind of ultra-fast phenomenon, superluminal transmission of light pulse,was proposed, its velocity can faster than the infinite that was proved in theory and experiment. Based on two kinds of epistemology and world, both deeply effects on Science and technology and open new application of Laser discussed briefly. We also suggested add the content of two kinds of epistemology and worlds in Physics to clear the relationship between the Relativity and general Physics


A model of randomly diluted ferromagnet with local random elds exhibiting Barkhausen noise when slowly driven by the external eld, and a cellular automaton with quenched random bonds are studied by numerical simulations. The defect cellular automaton maintains critical steady states in the mean-eld universality class for all strengths of disorder and conservative dynamics. In the disordered ferromagnet, scaling properties of Barkhausen noise resembling self-organized criticality are found in the region of moderate disorder with scaling exponents depending both on the concentration of defect sites and driving rate. Transport properties and the disorder-induced phase transition are discussed. Certain nonlinear extended dissipative systems when slowly driven by external forces are building up metastable states with long-range correlations|self-organized criticality (SOC) (Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld 1987). This phenomenon has been seen in a variety of systems ranging from simple cellular automata (Manna 1991) to Barkhausen noise in random magnets (Spasojevi c, Bukvi c, Milo sevi c and Stanley 1996), vortex avalanches in superconducting lms In response to slow driving by the external perturbations these systems exhibit avalanche-type relaxations towards a metastable state. Apart from certain prototype cellular automata in which a dynamic critical state is always reached (after some transient time), the physical, biological, and social systems are more complex, and their dynamics depends on external parameters. SOC states in these systems are then possible in a range of values of the parameters, and are usually separated from the states without correlations via a nonequilibrium phase transition. Typical control parameters in physical systems are various types of defects. Theoretically, the role of defects in SOC can be understood by considering two diierent questions: (1) How does the presence of defects aaect the critical states in self-organizing systems, such as cellular automata (Tadi c, Nowak, Usadel, Ramaswamy and Padlewski 1992, Tadi c and Ramaswamy 1996, 1996a)? (2) Does the presence of defects induce a qualitatively new type of behaviour with distributions and scaling in otherwise synchronized systems, such as in the case of Barkhausen noise (Tadi c 1996) and integrate-and-re oscillators with diversity (Corral, P erez and Diaz-Guilera 1997)? In the present work we discuss two examples which illustrate both situations: First, we show how a cellular automaton "repairs" its steady states when quenched random bonds are built in its dynamic rules; Second, we study a eld-driven random-site and random-eld Ising ferromagnet in which a moderate disorder leads to self-similar Barkhausen noise. In general, …


Figs. 1-2. 1, Dendrocoelum lacteum. 32 spermatid nuclei in the common cytoplasm. 2, Dendrocoelum lacteum. Spermatid nucleus, showing two Feulgen-positive, plectonemically spiralised threads. Hydrolysis of entire specimens in 5N HCl at room temperature (23•Ž) for 35 min was followed by staining with Feulgen reagens (pH 3.6) for four hours. Excess of stain was removed with three changes of SO2 water, 10min each. Squash prepa rations were made of the testicular region which lies anterior to the


A 23-year-old previously healthy Dutch woman developed an erythematous, non-itching rash in a handprint pattern at the lateral side of her left thigh on the fourth day of a beach holiday in Bali. Apart from her stay on the beach and an enjoyable nightlife, her further exposure and travel history was unremarkable. In the following 24 hours, the rash became extremely painful with development of blisters at the sites of the erythema. Physical examination (figure 1A) revealed a tender skin with coalescing vesicles and bullae (figure 1B and 1C) atop streaky erythematous plaques on her left thigh (figure 1A). The patient was afebrile and the rest of the physical examination was unremarkable.


ABSTRACT Background: Despite the high prevalence of mental illness in forcibly displaced people, their utilization of mental health services is low. Major barriers to seeking mental health services include mental health self-stigma. To address this issue, the psychoeducational short film 'Coping with Flight and Trauma' was developed as a brief online intervention. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptance of the newly developed 10 min film, and to assess changes in self-stigma and help seeking. Method: The evaluation of the film was conducted using a mixed-methods design with an online survey including the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, help seeking, and mental health variables at baseline, postintervention, and 3 month follow-up, in addition to telephone interviews postintervention with a randomly selected volunteer subsample. Results: A total of 134 participants with a forced displacement history within the past 8 years took part in the study, of whom 66% scored as having probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety. The results revealed emotional, cognitive, and behavioural changes postintervention. Directly after watching the film, participants reported reduced self-stigma and increased openness towards accessing mental health services. At follow-up, precisely 3.8 months later, these changes were no longer significant, yet 11% of participants reported having started psychotherapy since watching the film. Probable PTSD was associated with higher self-stigma at all three time-points. The majority (90%) would recommend watching the film to other forcibly displaced people. Conclusions: Self-stigma was shown to be a robust and persistent issue, which tends to be underestimated by individuals not affected by mental illness. Low-threshold psychoeducational online interventions may be a promising tool to reduce barriers to accessing mental health services for forcibly displaced people, e.g. by being implemented in stepped-care models. HIGHLIGHTS Mental health self-stigma was shown to be a persistent and underestimated burden in forcibly displaced people. Psychoeducational online interventions are promising for addressing the burden of self-stigma and reducing barriers to seeking mental health services.


Objective:Cardiac injury is common in asphyxiated neonates and is associated with matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. Although studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, this has not been tested in clinically translatable models of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. We aimed to elucidate the effect of doxycycline, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, on cardiac injury and functional recovery in a swine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation. Design:Thirty-three newborn piglets were acutely instrumented for continuous monitoring of cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure. After stabilization, normocapnic alveolar hypoxia (10–15% oxygen) was instituted for 2 hours followed by 4 hours of normoxic reoxygenation. Piglets were blindly, block randomized to receive IV boluses of normal saline (control) and doxycycline at 5 minutes of reoxygenation (n = 7/group). Sham-operated piglets (n = 5) received no hypoxia-reoxygenation. Markers of myocardial injury (plasma and myocardial tissue troponin I; myocardial lactate) and oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was quantified by gelatin zymography and immunoprecipitation. Setting:University animal laboratory. Subjects:Piglets (1–4 d old, weighing 1.4–2.5 kg). Interventions:IV doxycycline (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) given during resuscitation. Measurements and Main Results:Hypoxic piglets had cardiogenic shock (cardiac output 58% ± 1% of baseline), hypotension (systemic arterial pressure 31 ± 1 mm Hg), and acidosis (pH 7.02 ± 0.02). Doxycycline improved cardiac and stroke volume index with no chronotropic effect in doxycycline-treated piglets compared with controls. Systemic arterial pressure was higher and the pulmonary artery pressure/systemic arterial pressure ratio was lower in doxycycline groups, with reduced levels of markers of myocardial injury and oxidative stress in doxycycline-treated piglets compared with controls. Negative correlations were found between markers of myocardial injury (plasma troponin I, myocardial lactate) and functional recovery and between myocardial tissue and plasma troponin I. Doxycycline-treated piglets had lower myocardial matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity compared with controls. Conclusions:Postresuscitation administration of doxycycline attenuates cardiac injury and improves functional recovery in newborn piglets with hypoxia-reoxygenation.


Plants from seeds infected by Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV) are the only source of primary infections while aphid vectors are responsible for secondary infections. The effect of insecticide treatments against aphids and the quality of seeds on CABMV epidemics was investigated. Eight cowpea varieties were grown from virus-free seeds and also from seeds contaminated by the virus at three different rates. Disease incidence was recorded weekly during seven weeks and populations of aphids were also evaluated. Likewise, aphid's population was evaluated 30 days after sowing and a "decis-systhoate" treatment was applied. The experiment was repeated for three consecutive years (2009-2011). For each year, the results showed no significant difference between the average numbers of insects per plot. The insecticide treatment showed negative and positive impact as the number of diseased plants in average increased in some plots and decreased in others. In 2011, year of severe epidemic, the reduction rates of sick plants in treated plots varied from 1 to 16% for varieties with weak transmission power of the virus by seed and from 6 to 52% for varieties with strong transmission power of the virus by seed. In conclusion, the insecticide treatment leads to a diminution of CABMV epidemics with the two groups of varieties in the treated plots.


A number of chain restaurants, retailers, and grocers in the U.S. have pledged to source only cage-free (CF) eggs in the foreseeable future (e.g., by 2025) due to marketing reasons or concerns over animal welfare. However, CF housing has some inherent challenges, and a predominant one is poor air quality, i.e., ammonia gas (NH3) and particulate matter (PM), and increased emissions. Spraying a liquid agent such as electrolyzed water (EW) can effectively suppress PM generation of CF henhouse litter. However, liquid spray can enhance NH3 generation because it increases the litter moisture content (LMC). Application of acidic liquid to the litter would help control NH3 while suppressing PM, but concerns arise about the potential corrosive effect of acidic liquid on housing equipment. To overcome this dilemma, this study evaluated the effect of applying PLT, a commercial poultry litter additive (LA), on NH3 emissions of CF hen litter while spraying it with neutral EW (NEW) at a rate of 25 mL kg-1 dry litter d-1. The PLT application rates were 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kg m-2, denoted as Low-LA, Med-LA, and High-LA, respectively. CF litter was placed inside dynamic emission chambers and automatically stirred to mimic hen scratching. PLT was topically applied onto the litter on day 1; NEW was sprayed daily for 11 d, followed by a 3 d non-spray period (i.e., 14 d per trial); and each regimen was replicated four times. The ammonia emission rate (ER) of the control (no LA), Low-LA, Med-LA, and High-LA regimens (mean ±SE) was, respectively, 0.76 ±0.05, 0.55 ±0.06, 0.37 ±0.04, and 0.16 ±0.02 g kg-1 dry litter d-1, i.e., 28% to 79% reduction by the treatments. The NH3 reduction efficiency was linearly proportional to the PLT application rate, with higher application rate resulting in lower litter pH (p


The main objective of breeding linseed is the improvement of yield potential at the new cultivars; so that they became more desirable agronomically and economically, viz. higher yield improved the content and the quality of oil resistance, decreased pests, early maturity fertilizers responsiveness and genetics extension of seed filling period. The present study deals with the measurement of capsules per plant under salinity conditions.


Based on a pragmatic conception of memory as doing without representing, this paper looks into the intersection between Merleau-Ponty and Varela in which the notion of bodily condition assumes a distinctive function. The idea is that memory depends on the bodily condition as a whole and, therefore, has nothing to do with representation. The purpose of the paper can be summarized in the following terms: for an organism, pragmatically, it is vital to know how to do things with its memories more than to take them to be internal representations of the world.


The article contains a comprehensive analysis of the plane of content, distributive properties and functional potential of the lexeme енциклопедичний as a component of appellative and onymous nominations. The study singles out its main ("an adjective derived from енциклопедія", "highly educated; versatile") and additional ("which is an encyclopedia", "inherent in the encyclopedia, characteristic of it") meanings, as well as semantic connections with the motivational stem of енциклопедія and some lexemes derived from it (енциклопедизм, енциклопедист). On a correlative background, the analyses allows comprising the lexical-semantic corpus of nouns which, when combined with the studied adjective (видання, джерело, праця, література  ↔ словник, довідник, словник-довідник, збірник), form a category of common names with their inherent specified encyclopedic status (енциклопедичний словник, енциклопедичний довідник, енциклопедичний словник-довідник, енциклопедичний збірник). The focus is made on the semantic-cognitive, formal-grammatical and pragmatic interpretation of non-discrete-discrete logosonyms with the determining member енциклопедичний as the most relevant marker of propriety: their differential-integrative features are distinguished; depending on the pre-, inter- and postposition of the semantic constant енциклопедичний, the main onymous models and a set of their specific representatives as structural sub-models are identified; on the basis of structural (two- to eleven-component organization) and semantic ("a field of natural, social, technical sciences", "a diffusion area", "information about certain fields of knowledge or practical activity", "the scope of knowledge", "ideological marking", "ethnicity", "a field of spiritual, cultural or sports activity", "lexicographic parameters", "special scientific concepts", "temporal localization", "spatial localization", "encyclopedicity", "non-verbal support", "individuals", "didactic orientation", etc.) criteria, an internal structural-semantic classification of the names under consideration was carried out; the specificity of the symmetric-asymmetric relationship between their particular names and the lexical-semantic compositions is revealed. Ergonymous and ideonymous patterns with the component енциклопедичний are described with the analogous procedure.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Many clinical failures involving the fiberglass post result from the detachment between the retainer, the root canal and the cement. Thus, the connections that cause a probability of these failures are essential for dentistry. Objective: To compare the efficiency of intracanal disinfection between alcohol and chlorhexidine in the context of minimizing fractures. Methods: The present systematic review registered in PROSPERO under the protocol CRD42021233516 based on a Medical Subject Headings strategy: "((Endodontics OR Root Canal Filling Materials OR Dental Materials) AND Chlorhexidine AND Ethanol AND Dental Bonding)" in the search engines PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and Lilacs. Studies in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included, without restrictions regarding their methodology and year of publication. Articles that did not report an intracanal hygiene protocol before the procedure, without full publication and orthodontic research were excluded. Results: Six studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all, chlorhexidine was used for intracanal cleaning, comparing it with the other groups, and in 4 it was compared with alcohol and other groups. Discussion: The articles used different media and storage times and most used bovine teeth. There was no significant difference between any other characteristics regarding the increase in adhesiveness of the set. Conclusion: There is no difference between the use of alcohol or chlorhexidine as a disinfection method. However, a previous protocol must be established for longer treatment longevity.