Perfunctory case analysis, lack of evidence validation, and an inability or unwillingness to present understandable analysis reports adversely affect the outcome course of legal trials reliant on digital evidence. These issues have serious consequences for defendants facing heavy penalties or imprisonment yet expect their defence counsel to have clear understanding of the evidence. Poorly reasoned, validated and presented digital evidence can result in conviction of the innocent as well as acquittal of the guilty. A possession of child pornography Case Study highlights the issues that appear to plague case analysis and presentation of digital evidence relied on in these odious crimes; crimes increasingly consuming the time, resources and expertise of law enforcement and the legal fraternity. The necessity to raise the standard and formalise examinations of digital evidence used in child pornography seems timely. The case study shows how structured analysis and presentation processes can enhance examinations. The case study emphasises the urgency to integrate vigorous validation processes into cyber forensics examinations to meet acceptable standard of cyber forensics examinations. The processes proposed in this Case Study enhance clarity in case management and ensure digital evidence is correctly analysed, contextualised and validated. This will benefit the examiner preparing the case evidence and help legal teams better understand the technical complexities involved.


Talaulim watershed, North Goa located between 15º 27' N to 15º 29' N latitude and 73º 53' E to 73º 55' E longitude with an elevation of 2 to 90 m MSL, represents land area typical of West Coast as well as midlands and western foot slopes of Western Ghats, supposed to be ideal for cashew-growing. The climate is humid tropical with mean annual rainfall 2932 mm and temperature 27.3 ºC. A high intensity soil survey (1:5000 scale) was carried out in the watershed to characterize the land and soils. The data generated was used to assess the suitability for growing of cashew in those lands. The climatic characteristics like high rainfall, high mean annual temperature and appreciable dry season favour the growing of the crop. Slope (0-5 %), coarse fragments (0-60 % by volume), soil depth (>75 cm), AWC (> 75 mm/m), pH (5.5-7.5) and high organic carbon (> 0.8 %) are the congenial land qualities for cashew. The survey results revealed that, out of 597 ha surveyed, 133.7 ha (22.4 %) is highly suitable, 287.2 ha (48.1 %) moderately suitable and only 2.0 ha (0.3 %) marginally suitable. The remaining area of 65.7 ha (11.0 %) apart from marshy land (10.8 %), water body (4 %), salt pan (2.6 %) and settlements (0.8 %) is unsuitable. Interspersing cashew in the originally forested, but slightly degraded landscape is viable from soil conservation point of view.


This paper describes the design and implementation of a prototype applicator based on an array of 16 antennas operating at 433 MHz. In order to obtain a system able to operate at this frequency, a compact divider device was implemented. Measured S-parameters show the system is able to provide adequate amplitude and phase to function as a heating system for neck diameters up to 12 cm. This prototype was finally evaluated obtaining a temperature increase of 2.2°C per hour.


: Turbulent periodic flow and heat transfer in a three dimensional horizontal channel with isothermal walls and with diagonal broken V-baffles in form of tail-end cut (DBB-Ts) were numerically studied. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were investigated under constant heat flux condition for Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel ranging from 6000 to 20,000. The effect of open corner ratio (d/H = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) of DBB-Ts on thermohydraulic characteristics was investigated. The results reveal that the DBB-Ts with a smaller open corner ratios (d/H) gives higher heat transfer rate, friction factor as well as thermal enhancement factor than the one with larger d/H as a result of a stronger vortex intensity and thus better fluid mixing and more efficient thinning thermal boundary layer. In the present study, the maximum thermal enhancement is given by DBB-Ts with d/H = 0.


The appearance of the analysis models, as a physical or mathematic form, has allowed simplifying the graphic representation of the processes specific to bioclimatology. Thus, the bioclimatic index becomes a useful and practical work tool in the scientific research, avoiding a multiple range of possible evaluations of the positive or negative potential that the climate of a region has on the human health. The proposed study analyzes the calculated values of the thermo-hygrometric index, for the period between the years 1981-2010. The database was improved with the meteorological data obtained from the five weather stations located in the Southern part of the Dobrogea Plateau. The mathematic formula launched by Kyle W.J. is based on the measured values of the air temperature (oC) and relative air humidity (%). The obtained results allow to highlight both the specific bioclimatic areas and the way in which the tourism in the area can be affected. The bioclimatic extension and intensity is rendered by a suggestive and synthetic graphic expression. The maps showing the spatial distribution of the index were obtained by combining the isotherm method with the kriging interpolation specific to the ArcMap.


We experimentally demonstrated formation of electrically conductive structures by modifying native polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with femtosecond laser. By irradiating femtosecond laser pulses to native PDMS, black structures with electrical conductivity were formed. Analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the formed structures were composed of β-silicon carbide (β-SiC). Our technique enables the spatially selective formation of β-SiC on the surface of PDMS, leading to open a novel route to develop a simple method to fabricate flexible or stretchable MEMS devices with SiC microstructures.


The present study investigates the usability of different raw materials in brick production. To this end, brick clay obtained from the brick factories in the Imrahor region in Ankara, diatomite raw material from the diatomite plants of Ankara Sugar Factory, and expanded perlite from Eti Holding Inc. Perlite Enterprise in Cumaovas , Izmir were used. Taking into consideration the mechanic characteristics of the solid brick type (1.8/100) in accordance with the standard TSE 705 (TS EN 771–1), mixture pastes were obtained from diatomite and perlite raw materials separately with rates of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The obtained experiment samples were baked at temperatures of 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C. For proper brick production, the baked samples were subjected to water absorption, frost resistance, and compressive strength tests. Experimental studies revealed that a product with required mechanical characteristics could be obtained by baking 20% diatomite-added products at 900°C.


The formation of different types of stationary nonlinear waves in a rod placed in an external magnetic field has been studied. It has been shown that the wave type depends on its propagation velocity and on the value of the ex-ternal magnetic field. Dependences of wave characteristics on the external magnetic field have been found.


The strategy to overcome the COVID–19 problem though quite cumbersome does have numerous opportunities to involve a hybrid strategy. While fighting to flatten the curve and converge towards better control to protect health workers and doctors, pre-post care management, endeavoring alternate drug composition trials, developing protocols and quarantine must be simultaneously supported by innovations. For example drug delivery systems may be deployed. Nanoparticles of metals like silver used in antibacterial and anti-viral applications may be coated to hospital equipments to withstand washing life. Designs of special masks and nanomaterials may be improved. A comprehensive approach is presented in this paper. A drug delivery system (DDS) using multiwalled carbon nanotube tagged with COVID–19 immunoglobulin and lipase/trypsin/protease like enzyme is suggested here.


2. A claim form will be sent directly once an address has been provided. This must be fully completed by you, the medical certificate must be completed by your doctor and the fully completed form should then be returned to your branch Secretary to be counter-signed before being sent back to O'Driscoll O'Neil (please note, if any of the questions on the claim form are left unanswered O'Driscoll O'Neil will be unable to process your claim)


Abstract The pretransional behaviour of the electronic spin relaxation of a deuterated nitroxide probe dissolved in the C.B.O.O.A. is analysed in terms of fluctuations of the order parameter. The critical increase of the spin relaxation near the nematic-isotropic transition and near the nematic-smectic a transition is observed.


The Neoarchean greenstone is the main ore source bed of the gold deposits in Tongshi area.The orebodies hosted in the impure dolomite and limestone layers in Cambrian.The emplacement of ore-forming intrusions was controlled by regional faults ,and the orebodies were controlled by the structures of contact zones,detachment fault zone and unconformity surfaces.Magmatic activities provided the heat and power for the activation,migration,enrichment of Au.In the area,the faults and detachment structure and unconformity surfaces related to the Tngshi intrusive complex are often the spots favorable for ore-forming.The new breakthrough can be reached with the further study.


A new technology is presented that enables liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to have temperature-independent characteristics. This work shows how severely the color image quality of LCDs is affected by the ambient temperature change in addition to showing how the ambient temperature considerably affects the motion image quality of overdriven LCDs. Transmittance-voltage curve-shifting technology is proposed to compensate for the color change owing to temperature change. This new technology reduces a half-maximum luminance error from 24% to 6% over the temperature range from 0°C to 50°C. The linear overdrive (OD) technology over the wide temperature is presented to overcome the temperature-dependent characteristics of LCDs. With this technique, the distribution of the OD error is reduced by 65%. The color and motion image quality of LCDs can be kept the same with these techniques, regardless of temperature.


In the present English teaching and English learning, computer-assisted language learning mode has become a way to comply with the requirements of the information age learning. All kinds of teaching software and learning system, through the use of advanced technology, will vocabulary learning content and a lot of pictures, text, audio and video data. Students in learning vocabulary, text, sound, like, you can choose according to their own specific situation learning content and way, such not only can stimulate learners' interest, improve the efficiency and quality of vocabulary learning, also can cultivate learners' autonomous learning ability. The brief introduction of corpus Corpus is a language according to certain principles, applying the method of random sampling, collecting naturally occurring language in a row. It uses text or discourse to build a large electronic text library with quite big capacity. From its essence, corpus is actually random sampling on the use of the natural language, and a certain size of language sample represents the general application of language in one study. On the other hand, corpus linguistics, based on the corpus, objectively describes English, and the research of which is the application of language called performance, rather than language skills (competence). Therefore, "corpus linguistics" is not a new subject, but a new study method, with real language data as the research object, analyzing a large number of language facts from the macroscopic Angle, and finding the rule of language in it. It adopts probability method in the analysis of languages, with actual use of language phenomenon the emergence of probability based on an analysis of the various aspects of the language. As the language materials in the corpus are the practical application of language in reality, therefore, the research results of corpus linguistics has the reliability and authenticity. The development of corpus linguistics has roughly experienced three stages: the first stage, from the early 18th century to the 1950s; the second stage, from the 1960 s to so 1980s; the third stage, from 1980s till now. The first stage belongs to the early development of corpus, and is the development period of all kinds of manual corpus before the appearance of computer corpus. Although the corpus collected by hand is very little, sample representativeness is not strong, and the corpus processing and analysis work is voluminous, early corpus still plays an important role in the following areas: the bible and literature research, dictionary compiling, dialect research, the study of language education. Because of the rapid development of computer technology, the second phase of construction of corpus has the main characteristics with the rise of electronic corpus. The capacity of corpus increases and the species grows in this phase. In the third stage, corpus has rapid development, the species increases greatly, which helps people research more deeply, and corpus is widely applied to various fields related to language.


This paper seeks to apply China's vision of a "common destiny" to an analysis of the relationship between China and ASEAN countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. It first discusses how the Sino-ASE...


The utility model relates to a universal rotating spraying head of a high-pressure high-temperature cleaning machine, comprising a spray gun connecting head and a spraying head body, water inlets are manufactured in the a spray gun connecting head, and a nozzle is manufactured in the spraying head body; the universal rotating nozzle of the high-pressure high-temperature cleaning machine is characterized in that: the nozzle of the spraying head body comprises an axial direct nozzle, a radial direct nozzle and an oblique nozzle between the axial direct nozzle and the radial direct nozzle, the praying head body is connected with a rotating rod, the spray gun connecting head is connected at one end of a rotating pad by a rotating screw sleeve, a swinging chamber is manufactured in the rotating pad, the other end of the rotating pad is connected with a rotation fixing cover, a connecting hole and a flaring are manufactured on the rotation fixing cover, a ball joint, a spherical surface inlet opening and an oblique tail part are manufactured in the rotating rod, the oblique tail part is extended in the swinging chamber, the ball joint is matched with the flaring, an elastomer is arranged at the oblique tail part and is contacted with the inner wall of the swinging chamber.


Exponential rise of Internet increases the risk of cyber attack related incidents which are generally caused by wide spread frequency of new malware generation. Different types of malware families have complex, dynamic behaviours and characteristics which can cause a novel and targeted attack in a cyber-system. Existence of large volume of malware types with frequent new additions hinders cyber resilience effort. To address the gap, we propose a new ontology driven framework that captures recent malware behaviours. According to code structure malware can be divided into three categories: basic, polymorphic and metamorphic. Packing or code obfuscation is also a technique adopted by the malware developers to make the code unreadable and avoid detection. Given that ontology techniques are useful to express the domain knowledge meaningfully, this paper aims to develop an ontology for dynamic analysis of malware behaviour and to capture metamorphic and polymorphic malware behaviour. This will be helpful to understand malicious behaviour exhibited by new generation malware samples and changes in their code structure. The proposed framework includes 14 malware families with their sub-families and 3 types of malware code-structure with their individuals. With a focus on malware behaviour the proposed ontology depicts the relations among malware families and malware code-structures with their respective behaviour.


Background: Central and Peripheral giant cell granulomas of jaws are uncommon, benign, reactive disorders that are characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear cells within a stroma. The origin of the multinucleated giant cells is controversial; probably originating from fusion of histiocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Objective: To assess the expression of CD34 and CD68 in central and peripheral giant cell granulomas to understand the origin of these multinucleated giant cells. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases of Central and Peripheral giant cell granulomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for CD34 and CD68 proteins expression. Results: Immunopositivity for CD34 was seen only in cytoplasm of endothelial cells of blood vessels; whereas, consistent cytoplasmic immunopositivity for CD68 was seen in few stromal cells. Statistical significance was seen in mean number of multinucleated giant cells, mean number of nuclei in multinucleated giant cells, CD68 expression and ratio of macrophages to multinucleated giant cells among two lesions. Conclusion: Although the central giant cell granulomas share some clinical and histopathological similarities with peripheral giant cell granulomas, differences in mean number of nuclei in multinucleated giant cells and CD68 immunoreactivity may underlie the distinct clinical behavior.


The \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} -slice algebra is introduced as a generalization of path algebra in higher dimensional representation theory. In this paper, we give a classification of \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} -slice algebras via their \begin{document}$ (n+1) $\end{document} -preprojective algebras and the trivial extensions of their quadratic duals. One can always relate tame \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} -slice algebras to the McKay quiver of a finite subgroup of \begin{document}$ \mathrm{GL}(n+1, \mathbb C) $\end{document} . In the case of \begin{document}$ n = 2 $\end{document} , we describe the relations for the \begin{document}$ 2 $\end{document} -slice algebras related to the McKay quiver of finite Abelian subgroups of \begin{document}$ \mathrm{SL}(3, \mathbb C) $\end{document} and of the finite subgroups obtained from embedding \begin{document}$ \mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb C) $\end{document} into \begin{document}$ \mathrm{SL}(3,\mathbb C) $\end{document} .


This paper presents a rapid strength developing, full-depth patching system that utilizes type III portland cement concrete and calcium chloride as an accelerator. Compressive strengths of 3,000 psi were achieved in approximately 4 hours. The temperature of the concrete at the time of placement was 90 deg F, +/- 5 deg F. Procedures used to achieve these temperatures are also described. Moisture barrier and insulation boards were used to enhance rapid strength development. An explanation of the kinetics of calcium chloride accelerated concrete hydration is provided. Various methods of reestablishing load transfer and cost comparisons between them are discussed.


The Granitztal tunnel chain, located after the Koralm Tunnel in a southward direction and adjoining the new IC station in the Lavanttal, essentially consists of the Deutsch Grutschen and Langer Berg Tunnels, which are being excavated cyclically, and the Granitztal gallery in cut‐and‐cover. The article offers a general overview of the project, described the geological and geotechnical conditions and compares the experience gained in the current early construction phase with the underlying conditions for design and tendering.


In a digital camera apparatus, drive mode of CCD is set to AF mode in AF controlling operation (at step S4), and is set to a capture mode in a shooting operation (at step S12). AFE for processing an image signal output from CCD is held in a halt state during a rapid sweeping period, in which unnecessary charge that is not used as pixel information is discharged (at steps S5, S9, S13, S17), whereby power consumed by AFE in a shooting mode is reduced.


We introduce a notion of ultrametric automata and Turing machines using p-adic numbers to describe random branching of the process of computation. These automata have properties similar to the properties of probabilistic automata but complexity of probabilistic automata and complexity of ultrametric automata can differ very much.


Background / Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. The prevalence might even be higher in low-income countries. As a result, type 1 and type 2 DM and their complications are imposing a high burden on patients (e.g. hospitalization, disability and death). In Ethiopia, there are limited studies focusing on the complications of type 1 and type 2 DM. Thus, we assessed the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 DM complications and associated factors in selected hospitals in western Ethiopia.


Objective:Study of gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer syndromes distribution was made to determine the main TCM syndrome types.Methods:The domestic public reports of gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer syndrome differentiation of TCM in nearly 30 years were analyzed,in order to summarize and analyze the syndrome type of traditional Chinese medicine constitution ratio.Results:Common syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine about gastric cancer are deficiency of the spleen and stomach type,stasis toxin resistance type,liver stomach disharmony,Qi and blood deficiency type,phlegm coagulation type,stomach yin deficiency type,Common syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine about advanced gastric cancer are deficiency of the spleen and stomach type,stasis toxin resistance type,Qi and blood deficiency type,liver stomach disharmony,stomach yin deficiency type,Deficiency of the spleen and stomach is the most basic pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.Conclusion:The statistical results of TCM syndrome type of gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer have important guiding significance on the establishment of the clinical syndrome differentiation standard.


Among the numerous potential uses of carbon nanotubes (CNT), its utilization to fortify polymers was given careful consideration. This reason can be because of the remarkable firmness, magnificent quality, and the low thickness of CNT. This has given various chances to the innovation of new material frameworks for applications requiring high quality and high modulus. Exact control over preparing factors, including safeguarding flawless CNT structure, uniform scattering of CNT inside the polymer grid, compelling filler– lattice interfacial communications, and arrangement/introduction of polymer chains/CNT, add to the composite strands' unrivalled properties. Consequently, manufacture techniques assume an imperative part in deciding the composite filaments' microstructure and extreme mechanical conduct. The present best in the class of polymer/CNT elite composite filaments, particularly concerning processing– structure– execution, were looked into in this commitment. Future requirements for material by configuration approaches for handling these nano-composite frameworks were likewise examined. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-18-1933 Corresponding Author: Elias Randjbaran, Aerospace Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) Level 7, Tower Block, Faculty of Engineering 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Thirteen rotational transitions of the doubly deuterated isotopic species of water, D2 16O, have been recorded in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave region. The Lamb-dip technique has been used to resolve the hyperfine structure due to deuterium quadrupole coupling, due to spin–rotation as well as dipolar spin–spin interactions, thus enabling the determination of the corresponding hyperfine parameters to a good accuracy. The experimental investigation has been assisted by high-level quantum-chemical calculations of the hyperfine parameters.


Abstract: In order to investigate the characteristic of Summer Monsoon in the Southern of Vietnam (SM) during Tropical Cyclone (TC) activity in the Vietnam's East Sea (VES), we use the ERA Interim reanalysis data to determine the characteristic of SM intensity in two areas at three levels (1000mb, 850mb and 700mb). The first area (0 - 100N; 105 - 1100E) is used to examine the change of wind from Australian High and the second area (5 - 150N; 90 - 1050E)isused to analyze the change of wind from Mascarene High. These variations are investigated towards two characteristics: (1) Anomaly of wind compared with mean value and (2) Appearance frequency of wind in each value range. The results show that SM intensity during TC activity in the VES is less dependent on the time of year. SMI is stronger from 30% up to 85% of the mean values. In addition, during TC activity in the VES, frequency of SMI gets the maximum value in the range of VTB - 1,5VTB or 1,5VTB - 2VTB with the total of frequency from 55% to 75%.
Keywords: Characteristic of Summer Monsoon; Tropical Cyclone activity in the Vietnam's East Sea.
 References:
[1] Nguyễn Viết Lanh (2007), Nghien cứu ảnh hưởng của gio mua A-Uc đến thời tiết, khi hậu Việt Nam, Bao cao tổng kết đề tai nghien cứu khoa học cấp Bộ.[2] Trần Đinh Linh, Le Minh Đức, Nguyễn Thị Thanh Tâm, Đỗ Thị Tuyết Mai (2016), Đặc điểm cac trung tâm khi ap va trường hoan lưu thời kỳ mua he trong cac pha ENSO, Kỷ yếu hội thảo khoa học Semregg lần thứ 3, p55-62.[3] Jianhua Ju, Julia Slingo (1995), The Asian summer monsoon and ENSO, Royal Meteorologycal Society, Volume 121, Issue 525, p1133-1168.[4] Xuezhen Zhang, Maowei Wu, Yang Liu, Zhixin Hao, Jingyun Zheng (2018), The relationship between the East Asian Summer Monsoon anf El-Nino – Southern Oscillation revealed by reconstructions and a control simulation for millenium, Quaternary International (online publish).[5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618218307432?via%3Dihub[6] I Hilmi, N S Ningsih, I Sofian, A M Rizal (2018), The study of MJO impact on wave hight and wind speed in Indosian Seas, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 162 (2018) 01/2004.


A new signal demodulation system for CDMA receivers is proposed. This system has an effective function of canceling the interference noise components in the received symbol frames. For a target symbol frame to be detected, the differential frames are produced, each of which is made by subtracting one of the neighboring symbol frames from the target frame. The interference noise being left in some of the differential frames is much less than that in the target frame. By demodulating only such noise cancelled differential frames that have been estimated with effective analyzing sequences, the information conveyed on the target frame with a heavy interference can be detected. The simulation indicates powerful canceling performance for all the possible interference disturbance is achieved.


Over the last 40 years, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have experienced a level of reform and expansion in education that is historically unique, moving from low participation in schooling to nearly universal access to primary school across the continent at a breathtaking pace. Published in late 2018, the World Bank's new book on schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa, Facing Forward: Schooling for Learning in Africa offers an encyclopedic, if sometimes uneven opportunity, to take stock of this progress and the challenges that continue to limit equitable learning for all through primary and lower secondary education in Africa. The central message of Facing Forward is that Sub-Saharan African education systems are poised to better use themounting evidence about "what works" to improve (and equalize) learning outcomes for all children and youth. To do so, governments are advised to consider adopting and implementing 28 policy reforms in six areas (dependent on context); all aimed at the realization of fundamental improvements at the school/classroom level. Throughout the report, the tag line—from "science to service delivery" is repeated frequently, bringing the volume into alignment with other recent World Bank reports and policies on education (World Bank 2011, 2018). Beneath the tag line, readers will find interesting efforts to use comparative analysis to make differentiated policy prescriptions and a fair number of heterodox reflections about previous World Bank policy prescriptions. This makes the volume interesting reading not only for African policy makers but also for students of comparative education and for those who follow the Bank's changing approach to education. The report does a huge service to the field by documenting and juxtaposing a wealth of evidence from Bank-sponsored sources of new data on African education (such as the evidence generated from the Bank's Service Delivery Indicator (SDI) program, Bank sponsored household surveys, pubic


The Carrier–Pearson equation with boundary conditions u(−1) =u(1) = 0 is studied from a rigorous point of view. Known solutions obtained from the method of matched asymptotics are shown to approximate true solutions within an exponentially small error estimate. The so‐called spurious solutions turn out to be approximations of true solutions, when the locations of their "spikes" are properly assigned. An estimate is also given for the maximum number of spikes that these solutions can have.


A perfect partition of an n× n square is a collection of squares with integer side lengths that can be arranged in such a way that they fill the square and leave no space unoccupied. We ask how many perfect partitions exist for a given number n, i.e., we are only interested if for a given n-tuple (pn, . . . , p1), representing a set of p1 1× 1 squares, p2 2× 2 squares, and so on, fulfilling ∑n k=1 pkk 2, there exists a placement in such a way that no two squares overlap and the large square is filled completely, not counting multiple arrangements for the same partition. These partition numbers make up the sequence A034295 in OEIS [7], and were known up to n = 16, namely, 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 31, 57, 148, 312, 754, 1559, 3844, 7893, 17766, 37935, 83667. Figure 1 shows all possible valid partitions for n = 4. This can easily be verified by hand. While we can easily enumerate all partitions of n2 into squares, the main problem lies in determining whether a valid placement of those squares can be found. This problem is known to be NP-complete, and has been studied for quite a while, see, e.g., [5, 6, 4, 1, 2]. A good algorithm to generate such a placement, if one exists, is the one given by Hougardy [5], which works also for rectangles and non-perfect packings. Here, we provide a new algorithm, that, in most of the cases, works a lot faster than the one given by Hougardy,


Objective To investigate the effects on the apoptosis and the expressions of some apoptosis-related proteins of human neuroblastomas cells with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor TAE684.Methods Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect different concentration of TAE684 (1,5,25,125,625 nmol/L) treated SK-N-BE (2) cells to analyze the appropriated concentration.The expressions of ALK protein,as well as B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2),B cell lymphoma/leukemia2 associated X protein (bax),and cleaved Caspase-3 protein were detected by Western blotting,meanwhile,the apoptosis of human neuroblastomas (NB) cells were detected using flow cytometry.Results In vitro,the 50% inhibitory dose (IC50) value of TAE684 treated SK-N-BE (2) cells was 115nmol/L.The expressions of ALK and bcl-2 protein were down-regulated (0.036 ±0.003 and 0.190 ±0.015).The expressions of bax and Cleaved Caspase-3 protein were up-regulated (0.161 ± 0.003 and 0.949 ± 0.003).The flow cytometry showed that the cellular apoptosis levels were 22.593 ± 0.075.The differences among TAE684,the normal control group and DMSO group were significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion ALK inhibitor TAE684 could induce the apoptosis of SK-N-BE (2) cells by regulating the apoptotic molecules.

Key words:
Neuroblastomas;  Anaplastic lymphoma kinase;  Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor ;  Apoptosis


Author Summary: The increasing population on planet Earth has many impacts—one is a strong influence on the amount of mercury released to the environment. The worst influence stems from the rapidly increasing number of small-scale gold miners in Asia, Africa, Central and South America, who presently provide food on the table for tens of millions of households. Small-scale gold miners use vast amounts of mercury to capture the gold, and much of this mercury is released directly to the environment. A large part evaporates to the atmosphere and the rest is transported downstream in rivers ending up in the oceans. The amount of mercury released is phenomenal: an estimated 3000 tons of mercury is released annually by small-scale gold miners alone. A vast proportion enters the food chain in fish and sea mammals, as well as in rice polluted by spillage waters which enters irrigation pathways. Human consumption of polluted fish and/or rice already today has a crippling impact on human health in some countries, and this will have even more severe consequences if the current situation is not changed radically and rapidly. It is of particular concern if mercury-intoxicated women become pregnant, because the foetus extracts mercury from the mother. The human foetus is much more sensitive to mercury intoxication and thus has a high risk of being born with brain damage as well as physical disabilities. Over just one generation this will cause reduced intelligence for exposed children. Through such organisations as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the World community has become acutely aware of the rapidly increasing global mercury pollution. The treaty designed to protect human health and nature, the "Minamata Convention" has today been signed by the majority of world countries. Signatory countries are hereby obliged to start initiatives to reduce and even stop mercury use. This grim outlook has prompted a group of international concerned researchers and small-scale gold miners from Philippines to start teaching small-scale gold miners to work without the use of mercury and simultaneously to find ways to clean mercury-polluted gold mining tailings, which are one of the main polluting agents. This latter will have an immediate positive economic effect for the communities involved, which should be a significant motivation to change to non-mercury recovery processes. We here describe the specific technological drive to be able to go mercury free.


in music performance and composition. He is currently Head User Interface Research at AliaslWavefront, Inc. of Toronto, and Chief Engineer at Silicon Graphics, Inc., Mountain View. He is also a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Toronto, where he directs the Input Research Group. His other main preoccupation is human-horse interaction. Buxton can be contacted at buxtan@aw. sgi. c0m or htl~)://www.dgp.taranta.edu/people/ Bill Buxton/billbuxtan. htrnl.


Recent research suggests that well-designed employee health management programs (EHMPs) can enhance employee health as well as a number of important organizational outcomes. The purpose of this article is to further our understanding of EHMPs and their effects on organizations. To do so the authors define EHMPs and discuss their history, examine motivations for organizations establishing EHMPs, review EHMP outcome research, discuss linkages between EHMP and the human resource management (HRM) function, analyze the mechanisms by which EHMPs influence important HRM outcomes, and address EHMP implementation challenges. Recommendations for future research are presented.


In this note, we present a natural proof of a recent and surprising result of Gregory Berkolaiko (arXiv 1110.5373) interpreting the "Courant nodal defect" of a Schrodinger operator on a finite graph as a Morse index associated to the deformations of the operator by switching on a magnetic field. This proof is inspired by a nice paper of Miroslav Fiedler published in 1975.


The article deals with the family institute as the leading child rearing environment. From this perspective identifies the main types of families and defined social and pedagogical tendencies, which cause difficulties in the formation of humane parent-child relationship. Special attention is devoted to the analysis determined social factors that cause conflicts and difficulties in family relations between the parents and children, namely: an increase in the number of nuclear families, divorces growth, labor migration and others.


The purpose of this work is to present a numerical method for solving a problem of dynamic structures. For that, we use the Newmark algorithm and the finite element method for time and space discretisations, respectively. We prove the efficiency of the Newmark scheme in which the sum of elastic and kinetic energies is conserved. We conduct also numerical computations aiming to determine the influence of numerical parameters in terms of time step and mesh size on energy conservation.


The coherent WDM-PON based on optical heterodyne detection is an attractive way to realize a truly advanced access network. We propose and demonstrate a simple ONU structure; it uses a directly modulated local laser and digital signal processing to reduce heterodyne ONU cost.


The Relationship between Concentration, Profitability, and Wages in Turkey's Manufacturing Industries: Reconsidered The effects of market structure on the wages and profits have been one of the hot topics in the economics field drawing considerable interest of both economists and regulatory authorities since 1950s. There is a vast-both theoretical and applied-literature suggesting that high concentration levels are positively related with wages and profits. Aksoy (1983) examined concentration-wages and concentration-profitability relationships for Turkey and showed that both wages and profits are higher in high-concentration industries than that of low-concentration industries. Using advanced panel-data methods and Turkey's manufacturing industry sub-sector data, this study reinvestigates these relationships studied by Aksoy (1983). Our findings suggest that concentration ratio have positive effects on both wages and profits in Turkey's manufacturing sector


This briefing note focuses on the legal and non-legal avenues by which transparency and participation have been ensured in EU law and practice. Transparency and participation have produced the main recent changes in the way the EU administration relates to its citizens. We provide an overview of the current law and practice and their strengths and weaknesses post-Lisbon. In addition, reference is made to the European Ombudsman and the right to petition the European Parliament.


Summary Nematode levels were assessed for woodchips taken from sirex-infested trees in South Australia during July 1988. These trees were sampled to determine the percentage of sirex infected with nematodes that emerged during January to April 1989. A logistic equation was fitted to the data from 20 trees to quantify the relationship between the nematode level for woodchips and the percentage of sirex infected with nematodes. Knowledge of this relationship will allow an assessment of the nematode level in a plantation immediately before the inoculation period. Managers can prescribe nematode inoculations based on these results. An operational procedure for woodchip sampling is suggested. However, further testing is needed to verify the relationship in other regions and to determine a reliable period for sampling.


Objective:To investigate the value of cerebral blood flow imaging of single photon emission comˉputed tomography(SPECT)in localization diagnosis of intractable epilepsy.Methods:EEG,MRI and SPECT cerebral blood flow imaging were carried in88patients with medically intractable epilepsy,among them42patients underwent either open skull operation orγknife surgical therapy according to the results of examinaˉtion.Results:The highest positive rate(90.9%)was found in SPECT.The positive rates of EEG and MRI were76.1%and40.9%.In patients treated by surgery,the localization of epileptic focus by SPECT was in complete or relative concordance with EEG in83.3%patients,with MRI in81.3%patients,with both of them in75.0%patients.Conclusion:The SPECT cerebral blood flow imaging is a sensitive and effective method in detecting and localizing epileptic fici and is useful in rightly choosing surgical scheme to obtain good curative effect.


The paper discusses the application of the insulation resistance and polarization index and the high direct voltage ramp tests to the assessment of the integrity of insulation of hydrogenerator stator bars and coils. In the paper, examples of continuously recorded insulation resistance and current measured during the high direct voltage ramp tests are presented for epoxy-mica insulated stator bars of hydrogenerators. The paper defines also new parameters for the interpretation and comparison of various test data obtained from the insulation resistance and the high direct voltage ramp tests


In deterministic deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), nodes are carefully placed at desired locations, with careful planning for separation distances, heights, and node orientations. This deployment strategy ensures good radio communication and sensing coverage. However, deterministic deployments are impractical for harsh large tree vegetation environments that span hundreds of kilometers. In these cases, stochastic deployments may enable effective deployment strategies. When relying on stochastic deployments, nodes are likely to be positioned at un-desired locations with unknown node orientations, which can lead to suboptimal radio connectivity and network performance. This paper examines the effects of factors affecting path loss under conditions resembling stochastic aerial deployments of WSN. Unlike previous work in the existing literature, this paper takes into account important deployment factors that affect network performance, such as node orientation and positioning, energy-to-bit-rate ratio, packet loss rate, and the composition of environment. Based on experimentation, a set of path loss models are proposed to model radio signal propagation in jungle-like environments under side-effects encountered in aerial deployments. The proposed models are compared with theoretical models and with other proposed models in the literature. Results show a significant difference with improved network performance that exhibits enhanced energy-to-bit-rate ratio, reduced packet loss rate, and increased node lifetime.


Cobalt has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of certain anemias.1In combination with iron, it is of value in the treatment of anemia of prematurity and infancy.2Cobalt and iron have been found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of most pregnancy anemias.3In this article, it was stated that no toxic manifestations from cobalt therapy had been observed in pregnant women or their offspring. Because of current interest in cobalt toxicity, specifically, the possibility of cobalt inducing thyroid hyperplasia and hypothyroidism4complete investigations in animals and pregnant women are to be reported. METHOD Observations on 78 pregnant women have been completed; 58 received cobalt and iron, and 20 received cobalt alone. The iron and cobalt preparation given to the first group provided 60 to 90 mg. of cobaltous chloride with iron per day. The second group received 75 to 100 mg.


Three patients with alcoholism and severe hyponatremia are described. Permanent neurological damage occurred in each case with cerebral, cerebellar or pontine damage from infarction or haemorrhage following correction of the biochemical disturbance. No patient developed Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM), the condition usually associated with profound hyponatremia and its correction.


We used molecular data to compare Molgula echinosiphonica Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877 from Roscoff, France and Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock, 1848 from the eastern coast of the United States and northern French Atlantic coast in order to confirm that these described molgulids are two populations of the same species, Molgula citrina. First, we compared sequences of two nuclear genes, 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA, from these species and found that they were 100% identical, indicating a single species. Then we reviewed the available literature describing their differences and compared them to our recent observations and suggest that the described differences may be due to developmental plasticity in the species. Molgula citrina (1848) has precedence over M echinosiphonica (1877), so we retained M citrina for this species. We encourage professional taxonomists to consider collaborations using molecular markers to solve cases of synonymy in the literature caused by phenotypic plasticity and/or doubtful morphological descriptions.


Exxon slot melt blowing dies consist of dual, rectangular, converging jets and are used in the industrial melt blowing process to attenuate molten polymer fibers. The air flow creates a drag force that accelerates the polymer and rapidly reduces the fiber diameter. For previous experimental and computational fluid dynamics studies, the effect of the fiber on the air was assumed to be negligible. By including the fiber as a boundary in the computational domain, this assumption was tested. A modified version of the Reynolds stress model was used to simulate the turbulent air flow field. It was determined that the centerline air velocity (located halfway between the fibers) has an increased maximum due to the presence of the fiber. In addition, the turbulence in the flow field is dampened by the presence of the fiber. The jet spreading rate is higher halfway between the fibers than at the center of the domain, where the fiber is located. The air flow around the fiber is nonuniform, leading to varied shear st...


Biometrics is mainly used for human identification by using different physical traits. The traits that can be used as biometrics are face, palm print, voice, signature, gait etc. But use of these traits in biometrics is not perfectly reliable or secure. So, inorder to overcome the security issue, a non-forgeable pattern has to be used. The finger-vein is a promising biometric pattern for personal identification in terms of its security and convenience. The fingerprints are also unique like finger-vein pattern. So it can be used along with finger-vein as biometric trait. In this paper, the images are enhanced by incorporating the concept of local histogram equalization, which improves the local contrast of an image.


Results of research of a condition of clay soil on materials of geological researches are given, change of average humidity of soil is determined by approbation depth under natural conditions, the coefficient of a variation of humidity by results of experimental data is specified, settlement humidity and mechanical characteristics of soil is defined. The subject of research is actual as settlement humidity of soil at design and calculation of a design of road clothes for standard sources decides on the help of the coefficient of the variation equal 0,1 average across the Russian Federation. Determination of the actual value of coefficient of a variation in the Maritureksky region of RME on materials of pilot studies differs from the standard. It in final value changes mechanical characteristics of soil that has impact on thickness of constructive layers of road clothes.


Since the fruit of the Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser and Pickergil (chiltepín pepper) has a low germination rate, we sought to determine whether using an aqueous biochar extract could improve this. Germination tests were performed out in Petri dishes, using wild chiltepín pepper seeds collected in Sonora, México, which were exposed for 24 h to aqueous extracts of coconut shell biochar (CSBA) at different doses (0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00%, w/v) and a control comprising deionized water. In addition to quantifying the germination rate, we determined the physical quality, viability, imbibition, electrical conductivity, seed pH, and capsaicin content. The fast green test showed an ideal physical quality (p = 0.5475), an imbibition rate > 65% (p > 0.05), and high viability 98.4% (p > 0.05). The wild chiltepín pepper seeds exposed to the CSBA0.05 and CSBA0.25 treatments increased the percentage germination rate (p < 0.001) to 80.9% and 71.7%, respectively. A higher percentage of normal seedlings resulted from CSBA0.05, CSBA0.10 and CSBA1.00 (p < 0.01), and a greater shoot length was obtained with CSBA0.05 (p < 0.01). The exposure of wild chiltepín seeds to aqueous CSBA for 24 h at low doses (CSBA0.05 and CSBA0.25) increase the germination rate, while CSBA0.05 could enhance early seedling growth.


and the relative venous intracranial fraction (VIF) was obtained to correct for head size and amount of brain atrophy. The size of individual veins was measured in mm and 4 groups were created according to their diameter (D): ( 0.9 mm). Voxel brain average distance-from-vein maps were also calculated with higher distance indicating lower vein density (Fig. 1-b). Results: A significantly lower absolute venous volume was detected in MS patients compared to HC, both in pre-contrast (67.5 vs. 82.7ml, -18.4%, p<0.001) and post-contrast (70.4 vs. 87.1ml, -19.3%, p<0.011) images. The VIF was significantly lower in MS patients (p<0.001). The highest Dbased difference was found for the smallest veins (<0.3 mm), both on pre- (p<0.001) and post-contrast (p<0.018) images. The distance-from-veins was also significantly higher in MS patients (p<0.001) in pre-contrast scans (Tab. 1). Discussion and Conclusions: We developed and validated a quantitative vein segmentation method that showed altered visibility of venous vasculature on SWI pre- and post-contrast images in MS patients. These findings demonstrate that venous drainage of brain parenchyma is severely compromised in MS patients.


AN INQUIRER might well be perplexed at the legend that a prosperous country named Lyonnesse had been overwhelmed by the sea off the coast of Cornwall. Not only would he find it difficult to ascertain whether such a belief had any historical basis; it would be far from easy to discover how belief in the supposed currency of the tale had originated. Nonetheless, the legend attained a wide diffusion in English literature between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries. Unfortunately, the writers concerned with it handicap inquiry by their carelessness in the quoting of references; and to my knowledge the question has never been subjected to the scrutiny of serious criticism. The purpose of this article is to show how the tradition arose: how quite insignificant Cornish beliefs in minor losses of land were expanded and exaggerated by "learned" additions from similar stories independently current in Normandy and Brittany, and how to the product the name of "Lyonnesse" was attached, probably by the Cornish antiquary, Richard Carew, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.


Robust, accurate localization is crucial to many of the current challenges in robotics. In recent years, visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approaches have been studied intensively. The majority of approaches realize an excellent performance through precise visual odometry (VO) and loop closing based on a graph optimization technique. However, as the graph size increases, the computation time required for the graph optimization increases significantly. This makes it difficult to implement on mobile devices and causes a decrease in online performance. We propose a novel Bayesian graph update (BGU) to accelerate the loop closing of graph-based SLAM. The proposed method comprises sequentially updating the graph each time a new edge is obtained instead of optimizing the entire graph. Consequently, the update latency of one loop closing is reduced. The fundamental idea is to update whole edges on the graph using a Bayesian filtering method. We propose a fast algorithm based on a decoupled extended Kalman filter; its calculation time is proportionate to the number of edges at most. We confirm the speed and accuracies of our BGU using a simulated dataset. We also demonstrate that our BGU works well with actual visual SLAM methods by equipping it on ORB-SLAM2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Similarly, one imagines that all leaders are aware of SWOT analysis, but understandably there is felt to be a need in a workbook to begin in this way. From the section 'strategy and schools', the book gathers pace and offers leaders and managers a great deal to encourage their thinking in their own particular contexts. This is the great value of the book. Of course, it runs the risk of offering too little information on a large number of topics, but the reader is often encouraged to look elsewhere for more detail. Recognizing the constraints of the rational approach, the author provides regular caveats for the readers, reminding them of the risks of an over-simplistic approach and also that the context is constantly changing. Fidler describes his approach as that of offering school leaders and managers a 'route map' rather than a precise path and leaders in the early stages of their experience in schools will find this route map helpful. For well-established leaders, at what point does helpfulness become seductiveness? Whichever camp one belongs to, some of the activities offered by Fidler are excellent, and offer school leaders questions to be posed that can only be helpful and challenging. The critics of the rational/logical approach (such as Bell, 2002) believe of course that there should be questions asked to which there are no answers. Fullan (2001) is convinced that there is no answer 'out there'. But with an understandably felt need for school leaders to seek them out, this practical workbook will form a valuable resource.


Observations of relative sea‐level change and local deglaciation in western Scotland provide critical constraints for modelling glacio‐isostatic rebound in northern Britain over the last 18 000 years. The longest records come from Skye, Arisaig and Knapdale with a shorter, Holocene, record from Kintail. Biostratigraphic (diatom, pollen, dinoflagellate, foraminifera and thecamoebian), lithological and radiocarbon analyses provide age and elevation parameters for each sea‐level index point. All four sites reveal relative sea‐level change that is highly non‐monotonic in time as the local vertical component of glacio‐isostatic rebound and eustasy (or global meltwater influx) dominate at different periods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present research was done to determine the basic technology competency of Turkish teachers, their attitude towards computer-assisted education, and their technology operation level in Turkish lessons, and to designate the relationship between them. 85 Turkish teachers studying in public schools in Bartin participated in the research. The research was designed with relational screening model. The results obtained in the research are as follows: The information technology competency of Turkish teachers was determined as high-level in technologies usually used vocationally, and as mid-level in others The Turkish teachers had high-level of attitude towards computer-assisted teaching. However, they tended to use technology in their lessons at mid-level. The dependent variables did not indicate remarkable differences based on gender, teaching experience, and education level. Results showed that there was a high-level relationship between the attitude towards computer-assisted education and using information technology in Turkish lessons. Also, there existed a mid-level relationship between the basic technology competency and attitude towards computer-assisted education.


A one step functionalization of large surfaces and layers could be enabled by high power ultrashort pulsed lasers. Despite today's availability of high power ultrashort pulsed lasers (up to several hundred watts), it is still a challenge to structure large surface areas, which is required on embossing rollers, within an acceptable processing time for industrial roll-to-roll production. Furthermore, fluencies near the ablation threshold are necessary to provide the highest depth resolution with minor side effects. So, it is a challenge to convert the increasing high average laser power into a high processing speed by maintaining the well-known quality of ultrashort pulsed lasers constant. One approach is the combination of a high-speed application and several parallel ablating laser spots. In this contribution, a newly developed high compact picosecond laser with high pulse repetition rates and an average power of 500 W was distributed into 8 and 16 parallel beamlets by a diffractive optical element. The power was controlled by single acousto-optical modulators per beamlet. Different functional surface geometries have been realized on an embossing roller as a master, which is used for the replication of the structures in a roll-to-roll or a roll-to-plate process. Feature sizes from 2 μm to 10 μm in areas of 2 m2 could be processed. With this approach, functional structures such as reduction in friction, improved soft touch, or light guiding elements can be generated on large surfaces within short processing times.A one step functionalization of large surfaces and layers could be enabled by high power ultrashort pulsed lasers. Despite today's availability of high power ultrashort pulsed lasers (up to several hundred watts), it is still a challenge to structure large surface areas, which is required on embossing rollers, within an acceptable processing time for industrial roll-to-roll production. Furthermore, fluencies near the ablation threshold are necessary to provide the highest depth resolution with minor side effects. So, it is a challenge to convert the increasing high average laser power into a high processing speed by maintaining the well-known quality of ultrashort pulsed lasers constant. One approach is the combination of a high-speed application and several parallel ablating laser spots. In this contribution, a newly developed high compact picosecond laser with high pulse repetition rates and an average power of 500 W was distributed into 8 and 16 parallel beamlets by a diffractive optical element. The p...


The oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC (MYC) is deregulated, and often overexpressed, in more than 50% of cancers. MYC deregulation is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive disease, suggesting that the development of therapeutic inhibitors targeting MYC would dramatically impact patient care and outcome. MYC is a highly regulated transcription factor, with a protein and mRNA half-life of approximately 30 min. The most extensively studied pathway regulating MYC protein stability involves ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation mediated by the E3-ligase, SCFFBXW7. Here we provide evidence for a SCFFBXW7-independent regulatory mechanism centered on Lysine 52 (K52) within MYC Box I (MBI) of the MYC protein. This residue has been shown to be post-translationally modified by both ubiquitylation and SUMOylation, hinting at the interplay of post-translational modifications at this site, and the importance of this residue. We demonstrate that mutation of K52 to arginine (R) renders the MYC protein more labile. Mechanistically, we show that the degradation pathway regulated by K52 is independent of the Cullin-Ring-Ligase (CRL) family of E3-ligases, which includes not only the canonical SCFFBXW7, but also a number of other known MYC-targeting E3-ligases, such as SCFSKP2, SCFβTCRP, SCFFBXO28 and DCXTRUSS. To characterize this degradation pathway further we will utilize unbiased and targeted experiments to elucidate the proteins involved. Taken together, our data identifies a novel regulatory pathway centred on K52 that may be exploited for the development of anti-MYC therapeutics. Citation Format: Jason De Melo, Sam S. Kim, Corey Lourenco, Diana Resetca, Maria Sunnerhagen, Brian Raught, Linda Z. Penn. Lysine-52 stabilizes the MYC oncoprotein through a SCFFBXW7-independent mechanism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5423.


We model the infrared (IR) emission from the double-ring disk of HD 141569A, using a porous dust model that was previously shown to be successful in reproducing the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the disks around β Pictoris and HR 4796A. The dust consists of either unaltered or highly processed interstellar materials and vacuum with a volume fraction of ~90%. Together with a population of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, of which a large fraction are charged, the porous dust model made of coagulated but otherwise unaltered protostellar interstellar grains provides an excellent fit to the entire SED from the mid-IR to millimeter wavelengths, including the PAH mid-IR emission features. The nondetection of the 21 μm crystalline silicate feature predicted from the porous dust model composed of highly processed grains (mainly crystalline silicate dust) imposes an upper limit of ~10% on the mass fraction of crystalline silicates. Spectroscopic and broadband photometric predictions are made for SIRTF observations, which will provide further tests of the applicability of the porous dust model to circumstellar disks.


To promote bilingual teaching reform and explore a proper bilingual teaching mode in China,we studied the bilingual teaching of the course "Biochemistry on special subjects".The present paper mainly designs and discusses the object of the course,teaching materials,contents and methods as well as the building of feedback and evaluation system of the course.


Using the determination of sulfur ions in oilfield water by coulometric titration.In the pH = 5.0 HAc-NaAc buffer,iodine ions were oxidized on platinum work electrode,then divalent sulfur ions were quantitatively titrated by the iodine.The method was applicable to micro and constant anlysis.The relative standard deviation was 1.3%(n=10).Compared to the iodometric method,the method was simple and accurate for the determination of sulfur ions in oilfield water.


The purpose of this study is to analyze general characteristics of current trends of educational assistance and educational training policy of international societies in relation to North Korea, and find out how these characteristics give implications for the development of North Korean education. To develop North Korean education, South Korea should establish a policy of supporting North Korea via international organizations. The necessities are as follows. First, South Korea can improve the quality of assistance through understanding educational assistance policy of international organizations. Second, South Korea's assisting strategy of North Korea through multilateral supporting organization not only helps to increase South Korea's ODA/GNI but also allows South Korea to make close relationships with international organizations. Third, in accordance with United States' taking North Korea off the list of state sponsors of terrorism South Korean government should prepare international development organizations' advance into North Korea. In order to achieve these goals, this study analyzes history and current trends of educational development cooperation of international society, and support for North Korea by international societies since 1995. Also, this research investigates the policy of educational assistance and training, centering on international development organizations, especially UN, UNICEF, EC, and World Bank. Lastly, by examining implications for international development organizations to develop North Korean education, this study presented future tasks.


The type and etiology of stroke in young patients are known to differ from those in elderly patients, that influences the diagnosis and treatment. Dissection of cerebral arteries holds the top position in the structure of the causes of ischemic stroke in children and young people below 45 years. Currently no clear guideline on the proper treatment of this pathology exists. The article presents the case of acute ischemic stroke in a young patient (the stroke was caused by the occlusion due to dissection of the internal carotid artery) successfully treated with radiosurgical method - stenting of the cervical part of the artery with the transition to petrous segment of the left carotid artery using combined proximal and distal protection of cerebral vessels. The control of patient's state and results of angiography and ultrasound demonstrate the favourable immediate and medium-term prognosis for the patient.


This thesis explores John Paul II's philosophical and theological anthropology and tests it against two important contemporary issues, social justice and the search for meaning. The tests for social justice are given by liberation theologian Juan Segundo, the phenomenon of homosexuality and women's liberation. The tests for the search for meaning are taken from values ascribed to the human body, sexuality and freedom. This exploration shows that while John Paul's anthropology is securely founded on the personal it is not individualistic but broadens out to encompass social issues and is capable of promoting social justice. At the same time this understanding of the human person reponds to contemporary questions about the meaning of the body and human relationships not from abstract principles and authority but from experience and revealing the path to human fulfilment. John Paul's anthropology is shown as a rich basis for contemporary evangelisation.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have attracted attention as the fourth generation mobile communication systems. In OFDM systems, the impact of a fading is identified by using the channel estimation (CE). However, a large number of pilot symbols is required to identify an accurate channel state information (CSI) in the conventional OFDM systems. To reduce this problem, a time frequency interferometry (TFI) for OFDM has been proposed. Under the fast fading environment, since the channel is rapidly changed, many errors are occurred. Therefore, we have proposed the fast fading compensation method by using the decision direct and linear prediction methods. However, this method has several problems. To overcome these problems, in this paper, we propose the nonlinear prediction method based on the weighted channel variance.


In this program for plaque control in the dental office, indexes are used to monitor the ability of patients to control the formation of plaque. The indexes are charted on graphs that already have predetermined goals indicated as a reference base. The graphs then serve as a long-term record to monitor the achievement of plaque control levels by patients.


134 Introduction 135 Experimental 136 Chemicals 136 Ionic liquids 137 Fungal strain 137 Toxicity tests 137 Membrane and cell wall integrity assays 138 Scanning electron microscopy 140 Biodegradability assessment 140 Results and discussion 141 Conclusions 150 Acknowlegdements 151 References 153 Chapter V Preliminary evaluation of the biological potential of diffusible fungal metabolites induced by an ionic liquid Abstract 16


Abstract : Surfaces of carbon dioxide sorbent granules were treated with various liquid preparations to diminish dusting tendency and to improve carbon dioxide capacity. Emphasis was placed on a screening program whereby granules of lithium hydroxide were impregnated with solutions of surfactants, organic polymers, and lithium halide salts. Relative effectiveness of treatment was evaluated using a carbon dioxide dynamic capacity test and a dust test. Studies show that latex emulsions significantly diminish dusting tendency of lithium hydroxide granules with only negligible loss in carbon dioxide sorption capacity. Lithium chloride-treated lithium hydroxide results in significantly improved carbon dioxide capacity at low humidity, but such treatment is generally less effective as a deduster than the latex preparation. Excess loadings of surfactants were required to diminish dusting to acceptable limits.


On of the main uses for ship simulators is in the field of port design, and an increasing number of simulators of varying degrees of fidelity are being used for this purpose. An essential feature of all such simulators is their visual scene, which must be of sufficient fidelity to convey the key visual cues adequately. This paper examines the ability of a number of experienced mariners to perceive speeds and distances correctly using Computer Generated Imagery visual scenes of different fidelity, compared with their performance at sea.


Physicochemical and Electrical Properties of LaLuO3OGe"100... Structures Submitted to Postdeposition Annealings C. Radtke,* C. Krug, G. V. Soares, I. J. R. Baumvol, J. M. J. Lopes, E. Durgun-Ozben,* A. Nichau, J. Schubert, and S. Mantl* Instituto de Quimica and Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91509-900, Brazil Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil Institute for Bioand Nanosystems, Research Center Juelich, Juelich Aachen Research Alliance-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Juelich D-52425, Germany


Polymer encapsulating method was adopted for the surface modification of organic pigment with the purposes of improving the lightfastness and weather fastness of the pigment,enhancing its compatibility with the substrate,and broadening the application field of the pigment.In this study,ultrafine C.I.Pigment Yellow 13 /poly-styrene-maleic acid(P.Y.13 /PSMA composite) dispersion was prepared by free-radical precipitation polymerization.The effects of PSMA structure on the property of the encapsulated pigment were investigated.Experimental results revealed that the weight ratio of feeding monomers to pigment(WC/P),the molar ratio of feeding maleic acid to styrene(Mm/s) and the weight ratio of feeding initiator to monomer(Wi/c) in aqueous medium had significant influences on particle size and contact angle of the P.Y.13 /PSMA composite dispersion.The optimal P.Y.13 /PSMA composite dispersion was achieved when using WC/P at 24%,Mm/s at 1.0 and Wi/c at 0.8%.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) demonstrated that P.Y.13 was successfully encapsulated with PSMA.


Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) carry a particularly poor prog- nosis, with median survival shorter than one year. Recent efforts aimed at traversing the blood-brain barrier have explored the capability of convec- tion-enhanced delivery (CED) as a possible alternative to systemic delivery. Accurate pharmacokinetic information (distribution and clearance) is problematic since most agents have no intrinsic imaging capacity. This information however is critical in designing optimal infusion parameters and monitoring response. The mainstay of current practice is to rely on imaging surrogates to estimate molecular kinetics. These imaging tracers, how- ever, have no homologous bioactive profile with the therapeutic molecule. Our objective of the current work was to perform direct labeling using a positron-emitting [ 18 F]F 2 B- moiety that could be imaged by PET/CT. In the initial phase of this project, we first coupled the kinase-inhibitor dasatinib, a therapeutic chosen for its ability to tolerate the alteration of its molecular-structure. In vitro cell viability assays were performed to confirm that our modifications did not affect drug bioactivity. Labelled therapeutics were then delivered via CED to the frontal lobe in mice. We observed that the clearance properties vary greatly depending on the functional group added to the dasatinib backbone, with both distribution and clearance following injection being group-specific. We subsequently repeated these modifications with panobinostat. We observed that panobinostat distributes very differ- ently from dasatinib, despite their similar molecular weight, both spatially (i.e. brain regions involved) and temporally (different clearance following infusion). This data suggests that surrogate tracers may not adequately estimate pharmacokinetics of locally delivered therapeutic compounds. If chemically possible, PET-imaging affords a more representative assessment of drug kinetics which would be more beneficial in defining dosing and scheduling. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of designing theranostic compounds that are suitable for accurate pharmacokinetic monitoring with CED. DIPG-21. , BACKGROUND: Genomic analyses of DIPG have been so far mostly per- formed on autopsy samples or in retrospective studies. In the frame of the BIOMEDE randomized trial of three targeted therapies (erlotinib, everoli- mus, dasatinib) based on three biomarkers (EGFR, PTEN and PDGFRA respectively), a systematic whole exome and RNA sequencing of stereotactic biopsies was performed at diagnosis. These analyses were implemented to inform the results of the trial and define additional targets that could be used to guide therapies at relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The results of the first 100 patients from France, Denmark and Belgium are presented. Seventy-five percent of the samples could be profiled for DNA &/or RNA, no frozen material was available for 6% of the tumors and only one sample was not contributive. RESULTS: Tumor samples from all but one patients included in the study on the basis of histology showed a loss of H3-K27 trimethylation. With respect to histone H3-K27M mutation, 75% of the samples were mutated in the H3F3A gene, 17% in the HIST1H3B gene and 8% were wild-type for all histone H3 genes. TP53 or PPM1D mutations were identified in 75% of H3F3A-K27M DIPG while never found in HIST1H3B-K27M tumours. ACVR1 mutations were almost exclusively found in HIST1H3B-K27M mutated samples, except for two histone H3 wild-type and one H3F3A-K27M mutated samples. Receptor Tyrosine-Kinases mutations or amplifications were restricted to H3F3A-K27M DIPG. Most tumors showed copy number variations. But gains of chromosome 1q and whole chromosome 2 were more frequent in the HIST1H3B-K27M mutated samples. On the opposite, chromothripsis-like structural copy number aberrations mostly affected TP53 or PPM1D mutated samples. Translo- cations were only rarely identified and none was recurrent. CONCLUSION: This study refines the description of the differences in the subtypes of DIPG and may support specific treatment adaptations with respect to potential biomarkers. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are highly aggressive pediat- ric brain tumors that are characterized by a recurrent mutation (K27M) within the histone H3 encoding genes H3F3A or BACKGROUND: Diffuse midline gliomas are uniquely characterized by missense mutations in Histone H3 isoforms H3.3 and H3.1, associated with distinct gene, protein and methylation profiles and poorer clinical out- comes. As a result, mutant H3 protein is of great interest as a potential driver of pediatric gliomagenesis. Importantly, mutant tumors harbor dis- tinct patterns of post-translational modification (PTM) at key regulatory H3 amino acid residues affecting chromatin structure and function, and control of gene transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a powerful tool to evaluate genomic effects of histone PTMs. However, ChIP-Seq of diffuse midline glioma is limited due to the scarcity of fresh tumor tissue available for analysis, while primary tumor cell lines may not accurately reflect the tumor epigenome. METHODS: Our group recently developed a protocol that overcomes heavy DNA crosslinking and fragmentation characteristic of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue to achieve successful chromatin extraction and sequencing. Using this approach, we performed the first successful extraction of chromatins from FFPE pediatric brain tumor tissue, observing genomic enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac via ChIP-Seq in a Juvenille Pilocytic Astrocytoma (JPA). We then applied this novel approach to rare diffuse midline glioma specimens. RESULTS: We applied our novel ChIP-Seq protocol to FFPE cell pellets from pediatric brainstem glioma (H3K27M) and supratentorial GBM (H3K27 wild-type) primary cell lines. Genomic enrichment of H3, H3K27ac and H3K27me3 is compared to corresponding fresh cells, FFPE mouse xen- ograft and subcutaneous tumor tissue derived from the same primary cell lines. ChIP-Seq of rare FFPE brainstem glioma specimens is now underway. CONCLUSIONS: Consistency of ChIP-Seq results from fresh and archival samples demonstrates the technical feasibility and biological relevance of FFPE tissue ChIP-Seq analysis. Our results suggest FFPE ChIP-Seq may serve as an alternative to fresh tumor analysis for elucidating genomic H3 deposi- tion and tumor-specific patterns of H3 PTMs. mutation. investigated the pattern and effect of TNC expres- using pediatric glioma primary cell lines. METHODS: To determine the molecular effects of altered TNC expression in DIPG in vitro, we evaluated endogenous TNC expression in DIPG cell lines (n=3) and compared to TNC suppression and over-expression via vector-mediated shRNA knockdown and cDNA amplification, respectively. Effects of genetic manipulations were confirmed by western blot and qPCR. Cell proliferation, migration and adhesion were compared, as well as patterns of gene expression (RNA-Seq) across cell lines. Luciferase-expressing DIPG cells modified with TNC shRNA were used to create mouse intracranial xenografts. Animal survival and tumor growth was compared between groups, and TNC expression con- firmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: shRNA knockdown achieved up to 80% reduction in TNC expression, inhibiting cell proliferation and migration on functional analysis compared to control DIPG lines. Distinct pathways of gene expression favoring dedifferentiation and stem-like state correlated with higher TNC expression. Anaylsis cDNA and in vivo studies is currently underway. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report the pattern and effect of modulated TNC expression in pediatric brainstem glioma (DIPG). Our findings suggest TNC may play a role in cell proliferation, migration, and maintaining stem-ness, possibly contributing to brainstem gliomagen-esis. Further in vitro and in vivo studies exploring the mechanism of over- expression and effects of targeting TNC expression in DIPG are planned.


In this paper we study Ricci solitons in Kenmotsu manifolds. We consider quasi conformal, conharmonic and projective curvature tensors in a Kenmotsu manifold admitting Ricci solitons and prove the conditions for the Ricci solitons to be shrinking, steady and expanding.


TARGET AUDIENCE: connectivity under anesthaesia and animal connectivity researchers PURPOSE: Studies of functional connectivity in humans and animals during anesthesia have shown the presence of modulated resting-state networks (RSNs)[1-3]. These studies have been performed with a range of anesthetics and all conclude the details of the anesthetic are important in obtaining results. There appears to be a trend towards using propofol as an anesthetic, and this may be due to the steadily increasing association of propofol as the general-purpose anesthetic of choice for uncomplicated subjects. Here we report on a rhesus macaque that was scanned once under propofol and once under ketamine. We found reasonable connectivity patterns visible under ketamine, but observed a complete lack of connectivity patterns (apart from noise) under propofol, even with scan time of an hour and low levels of propofol. This suggests it is inadvisable to design a study involving anesthesia around propofol.


AgBiS2 is a promising and environmentally friendly absorber material for use in hybrid solar cells (HSC). Here, we report a study on the evolution of interfacial phenomena observed during deposition of AgBiS2 onto mesoporous TiO2 by the two-stage successive ionic layer adsorption-reaction method. With this approach, inorganic–organic HSC were assembled using Co2+ doped P3HT as hole transport layer. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy and contact potential difference measurements corroborated a low density of trap states in the ternary chalcogenide and lack of majority carrier barriers, compared to the binary absorbers used as reference. The best HSC exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 2.87% under irradiation of 100 mW cm−2, which is attractive for an easily scalable, no capping, no passivating synthesis of AgBiS2.


This paper provides the proof that Enzymatic Numerical P Sytems with deterministic, but parallel, execution model are universal, even when the production functions used are polynomials of degree 1. This extends previous known results and provides the optimal case in terms of polynomial degree. Numerical P Systems (NP Systems) are a type of P systems [8], inspired by the cell structure, in which numerical variables evolve inside the compartments by means of programs; a program (or rule) is composed of a production function and a repartition protocol. The variables have a given initial value and the production function is a multivariate polynomial. The value of the production function for the current values of the variables is distributed among variables in certain compartments according to a repartition protocol. Formal definition of NPS can be found in [7] where the authors introduce this type of P systems with possible applications in economics. NP systems were designed both as deterministic and non-deterministic systems [7]. Non-deterministic NPS allow the existence of more rules per each membrane and the best rule is selected by an " oracle " , while the deterministic NPS can have only one or no rule per each membrane. NP Systems were used as a naturally parallel and distributed modeling tool for the design of robot controllers [1], [5], [6]. Designing robot controllers requires deterministic mechanisms. Therefore, an extension of NPS, Enzymatic Numerical P systems (EN P Systems), in which enzyme-like variables allow the existence of more than one program (rule) in each membrane, while keeping the deterministic nature of the system, were introduced in [3]. Due to their properties, EN P Systems represent a more powerful modeling tool for robot behaviors than classical N P Systems [5], [6].


The effects of leakage and blockage on the acoustic performance of particle filters have been examined by using one-dimensional acoustic analysis and experimental methods. First, the transfer matrix of a filter system connected to inlet and outlet pipes with conical sections is measured
 using a two-load method. Then, the transfer matrix of a particle filter only is extracted from the experiments by applying inverse matrices of the conical sections. In the analytical approaches, the one-dimensional acoustic model for the leakage between the filter and the housing is developed.
 The predicted transmission loss shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared to the baseline, the leakage between the filter and housing increases transmission loss at a certain frequency and its harmonics. In addition, the transmission loss for the system with a partially
 blocked filter is measured. The blockage of the filter also increases the transmission loss at higher frequencies. For the simplicity of experiments to identify the leakage and blockage, the reflection coefficients at the inlet of the filter system have been measured using two different downstream
 conditions: open pipe and highly absorptive terminations. The experiments show that with highly absorptive terminations, it is easier to see the difference between the baseline and the defects.


Using muffin-tin orbitals and the atomic-sphere approximation, we have studied the band structures of Chevrel-phase molybdenum chalcogenides, M/sub m/Mo/sub 6/X/sub 8-x/. Generally, these compounds exist for a broad variety of elements, M = Pb, Sn, Ag, Cu and X = S, Se, Te. m may be between 0 and 2, depending on the element M. We present level schemes, computed for a range of Mo and X potentials, for three Mo/sub 6/X/sub 14/ clusters appropriate for the crystal structures of Mo/sub 6/S/sub 8/, Mo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/, and PbMo/sub 6/S/sub 7.5/, respectively. Self-consistent Mo and X potentials have been estimated. The cluster levels give the positions of the Mo 4d-like bands, while the widths and dispersions are estimated analytically in the tight-binding approximation taking the covalent mixing with the X p states into account. The susceptibilities measured for SnMo/sub 5/S/sub 6/ and PbMo/sub 5/S/sub 6/ are in good agreement with our estimates, N(0) = 11 states/(spin Mo-atom Ry) and I/sup Stoner//sub Mo/ = 40 mRy, of the band density of states and the effective exchange-interaction parameter. From the measured electronic-specific-heat coefficients we deduce the value lambda = 2.5 for the electron-phonon enhancement. In accord with experimental phonon spectra we estimate frequenciesmore » of 10 and 15 meV for a rocking mode of Mo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ and Mo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ units, respectively. For the average electron-phonon matrix element in the Gaspari-Gyorffy and atomic-sphere approximations we find = 3 x 10/sup -3/ (Ry/bohr radius)/sup 2/. The magnitude and extreme sensitivity to local environment effects of the spin-orbit coupling in the E/sub g/ band offer an explanation for the high critical magnetic fields measured in the ternaries.« less


Story collected by Teresa Hackett, a student at Clochar na Trocaire, Nenagh school (Nenagh, Co. Tipperary) from informant Mr O' Leary.


A multizone furnace was evaluated for its potential utilization for process experimentation on board the Space Shuttle. A temperature gradient can be created through the use of a series of connected temperature zones and can be translated by the coordinated sequencing of zone temperatures. The Bridgman-Stockbarger thermal configuration for directional solidification was implemented so that neither the sample nor furnace was translated. The thermal behavior of the furnace was measured and characterized. Limitations due to both thermal and electronic (computer) factors are identified. The results indicate that the multizone design is limited to low temperature gradients because of the indirect furnace-to-sample thermal coupling needed to blend the discrete thermal zones. The multizone furnace design inherently consumes more power than a similar (two temperature) conventional Bridgman type directional solidification furnace because every zone must be capable of the high cooling rates needed to produce the maximum desired temperature drop. Typical achievable static temperature gradients for the furnace tested were between 6 and 75 C/in. The maximum gradient velocity was approximately 10 in./hr. Several aspects of the tested system could be improved, but the dependence of the multizone design on high heat loss will limit Space Shuttle applications in the form tested unless additional power is available. The multizone furnace offers great flexibility but requires a high level of operator understanding for full advantage to be obtained.


Extraction of phytoceuticals from medicinal plants need to be optimized to produce standardized, dose-dependent and reliable extracts to meet food or drug administration regulations for translation into approved nutraceutical or pharmaceutical products. Effect of selected limiting extraction variables on yield and antiradical activity of curcumin-rich extract from Curcuma longa rhizomes was investigated. Assay-guided response (free radical scavenging activity) was used to determine the optimized set of extraction parameters. Curcumin-rich extract was produced using solvent boiling process at 65 oC with absolute methanol of weight ratio 1:50 (w/v) within 1 h. Relative radical scavenging activity of the extract derived using the optimized set of parameters recorded an IC50 of 497 μg/ml and its total antiradical capacity determined within 6 h (76 - 85 % at a concentration of 400 – 600 μg/ml) was not significantly different from that of commercially available natural curcumin used as reference. Time-dependent kinetic analysis revealed an initial fast burst in rate of activity (2.27 – 7.77 min-1) followed by a slow reaction rate in a steady second phase (0.12 – 0.54 min-1). Conclusively, appreciable amount of curcumin-rich extract of enhanced antiradical activity was extracted from the rhizome of C. longa using assay-guided procedure.


In an effort to stop brumbies roaming on to the Bruce Highway and causing accidents, the wild animals may be declared a pest species under Townsville's animal management act.


Notwithstanding the objections raised against the insulation theory of the function of the myelin sheath, the strikirng analogy between the structure of a medullated nerve-fibre and that of a telegraph cable appeals to the imagination of the student. The present note offers evidence, which I believe is new, in favour of that theory. It is based upon the relative thicknesses of the axon and the entire nerve-fibre, and shows that if the myelin sheath has the same function as the covering in a submarine telegraph cable, then the ratio subsisting between the radius of the axon and that of the myelin coat (viz. 1: 1 6) is exactly that which one would theoretically expect, in order to allow an impulse to travel at the quickest possible speed. Thus in the case of a submarine telegraph cable, the speed of sig-


After the drum manufacturing method of a washing machine is by bending the two side ends of the metal plate providing the bending stage and, while make the bending stage rolling a metal sheet into a hollow cylinder, the engaging bending stage to the hollow cylinder curling / seaming so, the strength of the center drum It is improved, and the low cost advantage. Washing machine, the drum, the drum center, the front drum and back drum, curling, seaming


A $410 million rapid transit line will open in Chicago in 1993 connecting the Day Ryan transit line near the Chicago Loop and the Midway Airport. The innovative aspect of the project is its organization and management, and its completion both on budget and ahead of schedule. The city depended heavily on consultants to augment city staff to manage the project. The entire 9-mile project was designed and constructed as a single project rather than commissioning each station separately. While detailed design was done by individual engineering and architectural firms, all worked from the same directive drawings. Highlights of the project are briefly noted.


The conference that took place in Lyon on May 28th 2015 dealt with the future of competition law. Competition law appears framed by specific categories depending on clearly defined outlines and…


The authors survey the recent empirical literature using long-run restrictions to identify technology shocks and provide an illustrative walk-through of the long-run restricted vector autoregression (VAR) methodology in a bivariate framework. Additionally, they offer an alternative identification of technology shocks that can be imposed by restrictions on the long-run impulse responses to evaluate the robustness of the conclusions drawn by the structural VAR literature. Their results from this methodology compare favorably with the empirical literature that uses structural VARs to identify technology shocks.


With this new book Thomas N. Bisson is nothing if not ambitious. By his own account it is in part an answer to a point made over ten years ago by the late Timothy Reuter in a Past and Present debate on the so-called feudal revolution.(1) There, Reuter asked for a better chronology and geography of exploitative lordship and violence and Bisson's reply constitutes nothing less than a new grand narrative of power in Western Europe in the Central Middle Ages: in Bisson's words, 'how and why the experience of power became that of government in medieval Europe' (p. 17). The other historical giant conjured by the book's very title is, of course, Charles Homer Haskins, who, with his The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century, established the 12th century in the minds of anglophone scholars as a time of institutional and intellectual progression. Bisson's book self-consciously takes part in the same 'traditional institutional history', one of whose strengths was a familiarity with the 'generality' of medieval records rather than the narrower focus of 'new' historians of society and culture. Bisson's criticism of latter-day scholars as not being interested in power is somewhat unfair: whether it is the study of women or heretical peasants, an interest in power and its experience lies at the heart of modern approaches. But Bisson is right to say that this interest has not yet been systematically applied to the subject of traditional history: the dominance of aristocratic men over other men of whatever class.


Interannual variations of the winter mean temperature and the number of days of warm and cold extremes were investigated for the southeast United States to identify the relative influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Generalized extreme value theory was used to estimate the probability distribution function (PDF) of warm and cold extremes and their return values for different phases of ENSO and the AO. An analysis of the temperature observations for the past 58 years (1951–2008) reveals that both the winter mean temperature anomalies and the number of days of extreme cold are most closely linked to variations in the AO especially in the recent past (1981–2008). In contrast, the number of days of extreme warmth are linked to both ENSO and the AO.


With many countries showing a growing interest in offshore renewables, the development of floating support structures able to withstand extreme environmental loads is key to winning the race in offshore renewable energy deployment.
Numerical modelling of these structures allows relatively inexpensive testing and selection of suitable designs. The research presented here focuses on the numerical analysis of the behaviour of different floating structure designs and the associated mooring dynamics under various wave conditions. Simulations are performed with Proteus, a relatively new and open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software actively developed by the ERDC and HR Wallingford, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to model two phase flows.
In order to allow the simulation of moving bodies in Proteus, a mesh motion module has been developed. The mesh nodes in the fluid domain are moved using the equations of linear elastostatics while displacement of the nodes placed on the surface of the moving structure is imposed through boundary conditions (see Figure 1 for an illustrative example of the mesh motion for an oscillating floating body). The mesh motion is taken into account directly in the Navier-Stokes equation that are solved in the Eulerian frame.
Using input forces and moments from the CFD solver, floating body and mooring dynamics are solved using the open source C++ library Project Chrono. This library allows a fully coupled simulation of rigid and flexible bodies with cable dynamics using FEM, where collision detection of the cables with structures is enabled using node clouds for seabed and other obstacles.
Verification and validation of the coupled two-phase flow and body/moorings dynamics is conducted in this paper with the help of experimental data of floating bodies with varying constrains and degrees of freedom. Figure 2 shows results of one of the validation tests where the Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) was obtained with Proteus for the roll motion of a floating body under different wave loads and compared to experimental data [1] and to other numerical models [2].
Validating the model for these cases allows us to simulate with confidence more representational scenarios for offshore renewable energy devices using, for example, a selection of the following floating wind support structures: deep draught platforms (SPAR), tension-leg platforms (taut mooring), and semi-submersible (buoyancy stabilized).


REVIEW QUESTION / OBJECTIVE  There are two key objectives of this comprehensive systematic review. The first is to understand the experiences of Indigenous men utilizing primary health care services. The second is to assess the effectiveness of strategies implemented by primary health care services that seek to enhance or improve the utilization of primary health care services by Indigenous men, including the perceptions and experiences of Indigenous men in relation to these strategies. Due to similar health inequalities faced by Indigenous men in Australia and certain parts of the world, literature from New Zealand, Canada and America will also be assessed in this review. The key questions are: 1.What are the experiences of Indigenous men with primary health care services? 2. What is the effectiveness of strategies aimed to increase utilization by Indigenous men with primary health care services, including the perceptions and experiences of the Indigenous men in relation to these strategies? This review will synthesize both qualitative and quantitative findings in an attempt to develop recommendations useful for practice and policy related to primary health care. INCLUSION CRITERIA Question 1: What are the experiences of Indigenous men with primary health care services? Types of participants/population Papers will be included if the majority of the participants in the study are men (aged 18 years and older), who are Indigenous to Australia (Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander), New Zealand (Maori), Canada (First Nations) and America (native American). Phenomena of interest Studies that investigate the experience of clients with primary TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS