NCEP reanalysis datasets are used to analyze planetary wave activity in the Northern Hemisphere that occurs during the stratospheric abnormal processes and associated characteristics of weather variations over China based on selected strong and weak polar vortices according to the Northern Hemispheric annular mode(NAM) index.The analysis reveals that a downward wave coupling event occurs prior to the strong polar vortex events.During this period,the planetary wavenumberl is reflected to the troposphere,the polar wave guide weakens,and the low-latitude wave guide strengthens.Meanwhile,the E-P flux vector in the middle-high latitudes spreads from the stratosphere to the troposphere.Following the strong polar vortex events,the polar wave guide strengthens,and the low-latitude wave guide weakens to some extent.The upward wave coupling event that occurs prior to the weak polar vortex events strengthens the polar wave guide.Following the events,the planetary wave-1 and the polar wave guide both weaken,and in accordance,the weather of China changes dramatically.Prior to the stratospheric vortex intensification events,temperatures in most parts of China are cooler than normal.The southern region of China is wetter,whereas northwestern Xinjiang and western Yunnan Province are drier.Following the events,the East Asian winter monsoon becomes stronger,and the cold air spills southward.The precipitable water vapor in southern China decreases and the northwestern region of Xinjiang remains dry,whereas most parts of Yunnan become wetter.In contrast,prior to the stratospheric vortex weakening events,the East Asian winter monsoon is significantly strengthened,the temperature of China is colder than normal,and precipitable water vapor clearly decreases.Following these events,temperatures in China increase sharply,and precipitation in central and eastern China and in northwestern Xinjiang increases significantly.


Partial Shading has a disproportional impact on power production of photovoltaic systems. A microinverter system architecture with a 72- cell Sanyo module is presented as baseline system for comparison. Results are presented on worst case shading scenarios for a micro inverter system. This work presents a two stage system architecture which is robust to module level partial shading. The first stage of this system architecture couples a DC- DC converter for each PV solar cell, allowing for maximum power point tracking at the cell level. The second stage utilized a cascaded multilevel inverter topology for DC-AC power conversion. A local H-bridge couples with each converter stage, allowing for bus voltage management and DC-AC power conversion to utility grid. The two stage system design effectively minimizes power lost due to partial shading. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate and verify system design performance. Under a worst case cell shading scenario, the proposed system allows for a 1.2% decrease in PV power. Comparisons between the micro- inverter baseline and our proposed system design is presented. These results demonstrate a 31.1% increase in power production using the proposed topology.


In recent studies (1–3) we found that significant heart disease developed in a representative series of patients whose hearts had been irradiated incidental to fractionated x-ray therapy for various intrathoracic malignant tumors. Lesions of pericardium or myocardium or both were seen five to thirty-six months after all or most of the heart was irradiated, usually to doses of at least 4,000 rads. The severity of the cardiac damage was generally proportional to the dose. These data suggest that radiation-induced heart disease may be a more frequent and important complication than is generally recognized. The concept that the heart is a highly radioresistant organ should be challenged, and its responsiveness to irradiation should be reevaluated in terms of modern radiotherapy technics and equipment. Much important data can be obtained from animal experiments, but previous reports have usually supported the notion that the normal heart can tolerate very high doses of irradiation. For instance, Leach and Sugi...


The connecting bolt is widely adopted joint method in turbine engine structure design, and some important bolts are of decisive influence on the reliability of the turbine engine. Stress relaxation caused by creep is a major failure mode for turbine engine rotor bolts. The preload, temperature and vibration in the practical environment are most critical factors affecting creep behavior. The objectives of this paper include stimulating the early creep defect of bolted joint structure and improving the reliability of bolted joint by retightening after early creep stage. The creep curve can be obtained by the high temperature creep test of engine rotor with actual working conditions, and the burn-in time before the bolted joint reached the steady stage can also be obtained. Under the initial preload, the axial forces of the rotor connection structure are collected in real-time by self-designed test device. The degradation mechanism of bolt's preload under the initial preload and the high temperatures is studied. Reliability enhancement testing is performed to stimulate the defect of bolt assembly to accelerate the early stage of creep process so that the bolted joint structure can rapidly reach the steady stage of creep behavior before it come into service. The retightening operation is applied to the initial preload at the turning time from the rapid stage to the steady stage. According to the retightening operation mechanism and the stress relaxation model, the reliability of the bolt is evaluated and the reliable lifetime of bolted joint could be predicted quantitatively.


The investigation is aimed to know the relationship between chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and the abundance of Oily sardine (Sardinella lemuru), in Bali Strait. A time series of monthly mean chl-a data derived from Ocean Color Thermal Scanner (OCTS) sensor and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of View Sensor (SeaWiFS) during 1997-1999 are used in this study.
Monthly Sardinella lemuru catch during 1997-1999 are obtained from fish landing data. The abundance of Sardinella lemuru is determined from acoustic data conducted in Bali Strait in
September 1998 and May 1999. The result shows that the fluctuation of chlorophyll-a concentration in Bali Strait is influenced by monsoon and global climate change phenomena such as Dipole Mode (DM) event. During southeast Monsoon the upwelling process occurred around Bali Strait, so that the chl-a concentration is increased and during DM event occurred positive anomaly of chl-a concentration. The catch of Sardinella lemuru in Bali Strait is fluctuated during 1997-1999. The correlation between chl-a concentration and lemuru catch is positive and significant with certain time lag. Key words: Chlorophyll-a, Sardinella lemuru, Bali Strait, Satellite imagery


The demand for high data rate reliable communications poses great challenges to the next generation wireless systems in highly dynamic mobile environments. In this paper, we investigate the joint maximum-likelihood (ML) channel estimation and signal detection problem for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) wireless systems with general modulation constellations and propose an efficient sequential decoder for finding the exact joint ML solution. Unlike other known methods, the new decoder can even efficiently find the joint ML solution under high spectral efficiency non-constant- modulus modulation constellations. In particular, the new algorithm does not need such preprocessing steps as Cholesky or QR decomposition in the traditional sphere decoders for joint ML channel estimation and data detection. The elimination of such preprocessing not only reduces the number of floating point computations, but also will potentially lead to smaller size and power consumption in VLSI implementations while providing better numerical stability.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This paper presents an algorithm that computes Taylor series expansions of order k=2, 3, 4 of the policy function of non-linear rational expectations models. Approximations of order 2 k ≥ may be markedly more accurate than linear approximations (k=1) if the variability of the exogenous shocks is high and/or the model exhibits strong curvature. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The Sand Funnel is a new engineering technique for separating sand from sediment beraing flow. The clear water flow field and the muddy water flow field in the funnel chamber are analyzed in this paper, and the difference of them shows that the flow field characteristics in the Sand Funnel are beneficial to sediment sinking and transporting. It is typical three dimensional flow in the funnel chamber. The Sand Funnel has been widely used in practice, and prototype observation indicates that its average flushing discharge is 3% of inlet canal discharge, and the sand disposal rate is 100% for the sand that the grain diameter is over 0 5mm, and it is over 90% for the sand that the grain diameter is less 0 5mm. The Sand Funnel is an up to date desalting technique.


The capabilities of the diel vertically migrating flagellate Heterosigma carterae Hulburt for assimilating ammonium and nitrate into cell‐N in light and in darkness were studied using cells of different N‐status. Ammonium utilization in darkness, except by N‐replete cells, attained>50% of use in the light. However, the capacity to use nitrate was poor in darkness, and less than 20% of nitrate‐N that was taken up in darkness was then actually incorporated into cell‐N. The ability to assimilate N in darkness improved as N‐status (N:C) declined, concurrent with an increasing content of water‐soluble carbohydrate. This carbohydrate was used to support dark N‐assimilation. Cells held in darkness for over a day and that had halted nitrate‐uptake were still capable of taking up ammonium. Furthermore, the act of taking up ammonium appeared to make available a source of C to support nitrate uptake that was previously unavailable. The implications of these results for the ecophysiology of this organism and for the construction of mathematical models of algal growth are considered.


Task-based principles apply in high school English teaching,to optimize the teaching process and deepen the knowledge of language into the text and so has an important role.In this paper,the task of teaching high school English in cooperation to ex-plore the use of model for Analysis,sets out the kinds of teaching through the use of a good model to optimize the teaching process and methods to enhance students' awareness of language learning experience,improve their comprehensive ability to use language.Cooperate with the mandate to explore better learning to play the main role in enhancing the effectiveness of teaching and targeted.


One of many protein–protein interactions modulated upon DNA damage is that of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein, replication protein A (RPA), with the p53 tumor suppressor. Here we report the crystal structure of RPA residues 1–120 (RPA70N) bound to the N-terminal transactivation domain of p53 (residues 37–57; p53N) and, by using NMR spectroscopy, characterize two mechanisms by which the RPA/p53 interaction can be modulated. RPA70N forms an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold, similar to that previously observed for the ssDNA-binding domains of RPA. In contrast, the N-terminal p53 transactivation domain is largely disordered in solution, but residues 37–57 fold into two amphipathic helices, H1 and H2, upon binding with RPA70N. The H2 helix of p53 structurally mimics the binding of ssDNA to the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold. NMR experiments confirmed that both ssDNA and an acidic peptide mimicking a phosphorylated form of RPA32N can independently compete the acidic p53N out of the binding site. Taken together, our data suggest a mechanism for DNA damage signaling that can explain a threshold response to DNA damage.


The problems of language volume, business metalanguage conceptual volume forming, organization of it's objects (like concepts, logical-philosophical categories, propositions), the analysis of which is made by means of logical and synergetic approach are covered in this article.


The Elementary Pragmatic Model Creativity Technique, a.k.a EPMcreate, is a method for creative requirements discovery. It includes 16 steps corresponding to all the combinations of two stakeholders' viewpoints. The feasibility and effectiveness of the 16-step process have been confirmed by a number of experiments. The need to reduce the number of steps was observed in the very first experiments run in 2003. To address that problem a four-step creativity technique, POEPMcreate (Power-Only EPMcreate), was defined and tested. This paper describes an experiment comparing two four-step techniques, POEPMcreate and a new technique, ROSEPMcreate (Redundant, Odd Step EPMcreate), resembling traditional requirements elicitation with brainstorming. The results, even if preliminary, seem to indicate that an analyst's work experience and native language influence the number and innovativeness of requirements he or she generates. The paper also offers Kano categories as a way to evaluate the innovativeness of generated requirements.


This report is about how to manufactu re digital maps using MAPGIS.We choose some variables temperature,accumulated temperature,precipitation,and evaporation in recent 40a in Xinjiang area.Digital climatic maps can be created with geographical information thro ugh calculating,analyzing these data,and the applications of MAPGIS.T hese products can also adapt other geographical information systems and other applicatio n systems .


Abstract The
$\Omega $
 numbers—the halting probabilities of universal prefix-free machines—are known to be exactly the Martin-Löf random left-c.e. reals. We show that one cannot uniformly produce, from a Martin-Löf random left-c.e. real
$\alpha $
 , a universal prefix-free machine U whose halting probability is
$\alpha $
 . We also answer a question of Barmpalias and Lewis-Pye by showing that given a left-c.e. real
$\alpha $
 , one cannot uniformly produce a left-c.e. real
$\beta $
 such that
$\alpha - \beta $
 is neither left-c.e. nor right-c.e.


Preferential cross-coupling of differently N-substituted amides of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acids 1 and 2 catalyzed by Cu(OH)Cl•TMEDA was observed. The reaction mechanism was investigated using mass spectrometry tools. It was shown that the complexation properties of the N-substituent significantly influence the properties of the corresponding copper complexes of the deprotonated compounds ([(1-H)Cu(TMEDA)]+ and [(2-H)Cu(TMEDA)]+). Analysis of the fragmentation patterns of the copper complexes revealed that while the former is prone to the one electron oxidation of (1-H)ˉ, the latter has a larger binding energy between (2-H)ˉ and copper(II). Interplay between the abundance of the copper complexes and their reactivities explains the preferential cross-coupling. The results are further supported by exploratory density functional theory calculations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The adhesion of cells to and migration on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are fundamental processes important in physiological and pathological mechanisms as well as tissue engineering design. Although preadipocyte (PA)-to-adipocyte differentiation (i.e., adipogenesis) has been well investigated, knowledge of PA adherence and migration dynamics remains obscure. This study investigates whether enhanced rat PA adhesion can be obtained on surfaces coated with the purified ECM proteins fibronectin, laminin (LN), collagen I, or collagen IV using a sedimentation adhesion assay at various incubation times (0.5-3 h). Moreover, the nature of the adhesion molecules is investigated using mAbs to specific integrin subunits. Finally, PA migration is quantitatively assessed using time-lapse digital microscopy. Results demonstrate that LN provides the optimum substrate for PA adherence. Moreover, mAb studies suggest the /spl alpha//sub 1//spl beta//sub 1/ integrin is involved in PA adherence to LN. PA migration kinetics on LN substrata are currently under investigation. We conclude that PA adherence to and migration on LN may serve as important processes for designing bioactive scaffolds in adipose tissue engineering.


Abstract : This project offers a model useful for estimating the social cost of U.S. Reserve Forces and National Guard employment alternatives in support of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). We consider two specific alternatives in this report: (1) the operational force (status quo) and (2) increasing Active Duty Force end strength and keeping Reserve Forces as a 'strategic' reserve. We assume both alternatives are equal in effectiveness. Each alternative provides certain benefits and costs to American society. We also accept a budgetary cost estimate of $533 billion from the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) Assistant Director for Budget Analysis. We then focus on the social costs of these alternatives. We conclude that the social cost of Alternative 1 exceeded Alternative 2 by nearly $50 billion from 2001 to 2006.


Abstract A common representation of manufacturing planning and control in CIM systems is in the form of a hierarchy of controllers. An important issue in terms of data management and communication in such systems is the quantity and quality of information exchanged between the controllers. Just as in an organizational hierarchy, the span of control of each decisionmaker or controller has considerable influence on the quantity and quality of information exchanged. In this study, we determine the optimal span of control based on quantitative factors that shape the multilevel coordination in the CIM hierarchy. The control scope in the study is limited to the bottom two levels of such a hierarchical chain of control, namely, the workstation controller and the automation module (or device controller). These two levels are responsible for executing the production plans and schedules developed in the upper levels of the CIM hierarchy. The ability of the workstation controller to maintain bidirectional communicat...


The challenge for organizations today is not only to invest and improve software and security services, but also about creating and increasing end-user security awareness. Given the magnitude of the impact of the problems that may arise, the security awareness of end users must be increased. The purpose of this study is to measure information security awareness and provide recommendations for organizations. Utilizing human resources information security awareness measurements using a model developed by Kruger and Kearney in 3 dimensions, namely knowledge, attitude and behavior. Information security awareness level is calculated based on the respondent's answer. The calculation is done using the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method. In this study, the MCDA model is used to measure the total value of alternatives based on certain criteria. The results of this study are to provide improvement suggestions to increase awareness of information security for end users.


Microencapsulated digestive enzymes were supplemented in various combinations and levels in diets for the shrimp Penaeus japonicus based cn digestive enzyme activities of live short-necked clam Venerupis philippinarum. The effects of these digestive enzyme additives on growth, feed efficiency, hepatopancreatic glycogen, and digestive enzyme activities were investigated. Dietary supplements of a-amylase at levels comparable to those of live short-necked clam enhanced the growth and reduced the glycogen storage. However, an a-amylase supplement, at a level three times that found in clam, in combination with bovine trypsin, equal in levels to short necked clam, enhanced the growth but also increased the hepatopancreatic glycogen, as did a diet supplemented with bovine trypsin alone. A diet supplemented with amylase at a level two times that of clam, enhanced the growth without increasing the hepatopancreatic glycogen. Bovine trypsin dietary supplements may have activated the endogenous protease zymogen(s) of the shrimp, resulting in increased growth and total protease activities.


The utility model relates to a high-efficiency multi-sieve-mesh type dust suppression and noise reduction wall for an open-air stocking yard. A semi-closed type dust suppression and noise reduction wall is constructed at the periphery of the stocking yard by adopting different sieve mesh type dust suppression and noise reduction plates, each dust suppression and noise reduction plate has a break angle, and the adaptation range of other angles is adjusted according to the maximum wind power in the locality. Meshes of each dust suppression and noise reduction plate are round or long and are arranged at different positions, wherein the diameter of each round mesh is 5mm, each long mesh is 8mm in length and 3mm in width, and the aperture ratio is generally 28-30 percent. The high-efficiency novel multi-sieve-mesh type dust suppression and noise reduction wall for the open-air stocking yard has the effects of high-efficiency dust suppression, noise reduction and the like.


Objective To compare difference of computed tomography angiography(CTA) and digital subtraction angiography(DSA), and explore the diagnostic value of 64-slice spiral CT coronary artery imaging technique for coronary heart disease. Methods Thirty-two patients with suspected or confirmed coronary heart disease underwent CTA and DSA examinations were collected, comparison and analysis of the coronary angiography results were carried out. Results A total of32 patients with all vascular segments(243), 138 lesions segments were detected by DSA and the number of negative results was 105, 129 lesions were detected by CTA, and the number of negative results was 114. The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate of the CTA on diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 91.3%, 97.1%, 97.7%, 89.5% and 93.8%, respectively. Fifty-nine coronary artery plaques were found in the CTA findings and 62 plaques were found in DSA examination, and there was no significant difference between the CTA and DSA. The vascular numbers with the degree of stenosis 50%, 50%-75%, 75% were 18 and 24, 35 and 32, 6 and 6 in CTA and DSA, respectively. Conclusion 64-slice spiral CT coronary artery imaging technology is a non-invasive method in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis and is accurate to evaluate the coronary artery stenosis.


In this paper we develop a framework to describe the individual choice of residential location using the microeconomics of discrete choices. The individual is seen as deciding frequency, duration, and location of a set of activities for each potential residential zone, knowing the distribution of goods and activities in space as well as transport costs and travel times. The conditional indirect utility function and its associated willingness to pay function for each zone are obtained, where the roles of accessibility, income, and neighborhood attributes emerge clearly. Zonal utility in discrete location choice models can be specified and interpreted using these functions.


This research develops a definition of brand fanaticism, and a valid brand fanaticism scale. Fanatical consumers may not represent the majority of consumers but have a disproportionate impact on the revenue and image of their focal brand. Five studies were conducted to validate the brand fanaticism scale with online survey data. Brand fanaticism captures self-brand connection, brand prominence, obsessive passion, and cognitive rigidity that loyal consumers experience with focal brands. Brand commitment, brand love are antecedents of brand fanaticism which in turn, predicts word-of-mouth, behavioural intention, and willingness to sacrifice. The results provide theoretical and empirical research contributions in marketing.


Abstract The social rental sector has become a major segment of the housing market in the Netherlands (forming 44 per cent of the stock in 1988). Until recently, its management by non‐profit housing associations and municipalities posed no major problems: the stock was relatively new, the general housing shortage was severe, and middle‐income groups accounted for a substantial share of the tenants of social rental housing. This situation has changed; especially the older multi‐family housing in the cities has slipped into a lower position in the urban housing hierarchy, and lower‐income households predominate in this type of housing. At the same time, part of the older stock is in need of renovation. This article reports on interviews with managers of non‐profit housing associations about their strategies to keep the housing in good shape and to find tenants. It also reports on interviews with tenants in newly renovated housing complexes.


ABSTRACT The sum of wheat flour and corn starch was replaced by 10, 20, or 30% whole amaranth flour in both conventional (C) and reduced fat (RF) pound cakes, and the effects on physical and sensory properties of the cakes were investigated. RF presented 33% fat reduction. The increasing amaranth levels darkened crust and crumb of cakes, which decreased color acceptability. Fresh amaranth-containing cakes had similar texture characteristics to the controls, evaluated both instrumentally and sensorially. Sensory evaluation revealed that replacement by 30% amaranth flour decreased C cakes overall acceptability scores, due to its lower specific volume and darker color. Amaranth flour levels had no significant effect on overall acceptability of RF cakes. Hence, the sum of wheat flour and corn starch could be successfully replaced by up to 20% amaranth flour in C and up to 30% in RF pound cakes without negatively affecting sensory quality in fresh cakes. Moisture losses for all the cakes were similar, ≈1% per ...


The effect of applied pressure on the magnetic properties of the Prussian blue analogue K0.4Fe4[Cr(CN)6]2.8 ·16H2O (1) has been analyzed by dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. Under ambient conditions, 1 orders ferromagnetically at a critical temperature (TC) of 18.5 K. Under application of pressure in the 0-1200 MPa range, the magnetization of the material decreases and its critical temperature shifts to lower temperatures, reaching TC ) 7.5 K at 1200 MPa. Pressure-dependent Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements show that this striking behavior is due to the isomerization of some Cr-CtN-Fe linkages to the Cr-NtC-Fe form. As a result, the ligand field around the iron(II) centers increases, and the diamagnetic low-spin state is populated. As the number of diamagnetic centers in the cubic lattice increases, the net magnetization and critical temperature of the material decrease considerably. The phenomenon is reversible: releasing the pressure restores the magnetic properties of the original material. However, we have found that under more severe pressure conditions, a metastable sample containing 22% Cr-NtC-Fe linkages can be obtained. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism of this metastable sample confirm the linkage isomerization


The building design for the Frei Pacífico Public School responds to urgent needs from the district of Itapuã, municipality of Viamão, for a new school. Approved by the community ́s Participatory Budget, the process of the new school design was based on sustainability principles. The design strategies incorporates several "more sustainable" technologies and seeks minimizing environmental impact materials, in harmony with the environmentally preserved area nearby, and promoting the valuation of the cultural local values which re-engages the community with its traditions and conveys the importance of natural environmental preservation. The project was developed to fulfill the needs of the school community in a more sustainable way. The design faced the challenge of putting together environmental technology, social participation and socio-cultural values with a lower budget compared to the conventional public schools of the city. This was possible using local "soft" techniques and materials of low environmental impact and encouraging the participation of the local community in the construction. The insertion of "more sustainable" principles was contemplated in the phases of design and construction. Recomendations for its future use were included for subsequent operation of the school.


Forecasting the disease outbreaks could be useful for decision-making of public health resources. Social media provides a low-cost alternative source for public health surveillance. In this research we use Twitter data as a demonstration to detect influenza outbreak. We use distance-based outliers method to transform the noisy Twitter data into regions and then use regions to do region-based hypothesis testing for rapid outbreak detection. Majority voting has been used for decision making in committees. Our simulations show a good accuracy and robustness.


Photoalcoholysis of 1,1-dimethylsilacyclopent -2-ene (9) at 214 nm in methanol, 2,2,2-trifluoesthanol, and tert-butyl alcohol affords alkoxy(3-butenyl)dimethylsilanes 11 and 3-alkoxy-1,1-dimethylsilacyclopentanes 12. Also fromed are alkoxy(cyclopropylmethyl)silanes 13 from apparent 1,3-C migration. In pure, delurated alcohols (CH 3 OD and CF 3 CD 2 OD) adducts 11 and 12 become trans deuterated, whereas in dilute solutions of methanol-O-d in pentane, scrambling of deuterium between the trans and cis C-2 positions of 12 is observed without corresponding loss of stereospecificity for formationh of silyl ether 11


In recent years, the modernization process of cities has been accelerated, and the scale of basement construction has been continuously expanded. The groundwater table in the southern soft soil areas is usually high, and the water pressure carried by the basement floor is often large, thus the accidents of leakage from the floor and exterior walls occur from time to time, which seriously affects the safety and use function of the basement. In this paper, based on a basement project in a soft soil area, a method of using drainage for anti-seepage treatment is proposed. By placing large diameter sand-free concrete relief wells at appropriate spacing in the basement, the seepage water in the basement is channeled into the relief wells through sand-free concrete to play the role of decompression and anti-seepage. The practice results show that the drainage system can effectively solve the leakage problem of basement floor with low cost.


Summary In this article we provide guidelines on statistical design and analysis of data for all kinds of honey bee research. Guidelines and selection of different methods presented are, at least partly, based on experience. This article can be used: to identify the most suitable analysis for the type of data collected; to optimise one's experimental design based on the experimental factors to be investigated, samples to be analysed, and the type of data produced; to determine how, where, and when to sample bees from colonies; or just to inspire. Also included are guidelines on presentation and reporting of data, as well as where to find help and which types of software could be useful.


This paper was published as Marketing Sport and Physical Activity: A Twenty-First Century Priority / Fu, Frank and Robertson, Robert (Eds.), pp. 1-13. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sports Marketing. Hong Kong Baptist University, October 2006.


In this work the kinetics of volume changes of fluid spaces associated with infusion of Ringer`s solution are analyzed using the body fluid space model. During infusion of Ringer`s solution, the human body is assumed to be characterized by the fluid space model into which fluid is fed and from which fluid is left. Various infusion types were tested to accommodate different medical situations. Volunteers were given Ringer`s solution and the changes in blood hemoglobin were detected. From the comparison with experimental data, the single- and two-fluid space models were found to represent adequately the kinetics of human volume expansion during infusion of Ringer`s solution.


This paper examines the factors that threaten the future of the Russian Federation (RF). The observations are based on a study that focused on eight republics: Mordova, Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkortostan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Buryatia, and Altay Republic. These republics were selected for their geographic and economic significance to the RF. Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, and Mari El are located on important supply routes, such as the Volga River and the trans-Siberian railroad. Some of these republics are relatively wealthy, with natural resources such as oil (e.g., Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), and all eight republics play significant roles in the military-industrial complex. The importance of these republics to the RF contrasts to the relative insignificance of the independence-minded Northern Caucasus area. The author chose not to examine the Northern Caucasus region (except Kabardino-Balkaria) because these republics may have only a minor impact on the rest of the RF if they secede. Their impact would be minimized because they lie on the frontiers of the RF. Many Russians believe that {open_quotes}it might be best to let such a troublesome area secede.{close_quotes}


Image authentication is a process of verify the originality of an image by detecting malicious manipulations. It is important in content delivery via entrusted intermediaries, such as peer-to-peer file sharing. Many differently encoded versions of the original image might exist. We propose an approach using distributed source coding using mean projection and LDPC encoding method for the image authentication problem. The key idea is to provide mean projection and LDPC encoded quantized image projection as authentication data. This version can be correctly decoded with the help of an authentic image as side information. Distributed source coding provides the desired robustness against legitimate variations while detecting illegitimate modification. The decoder incorporating mean projection and LDPC algorithms can authenticate images which have undergone contrast, brightness, and affine warping adjustments.


Improvement in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important therapy goal in the treatment of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We investigated the 12‐month course of HRQOL in patients with JIA after the start of therapy with etanercept and identified its determining factors.


Recently, as the use of social network services (SNS) increases in daily modern life, the amount of SNS data generated has become very large. In addition, increasing efforts are being directed to extracting various pieces of information by collecting, processing and analyzing large amounts of SNS data. While various pieces of information can be extracted from SNS data through big data processing, this is a highly resource-intensive task. Therefore, in order to obtain information from SNS data, a lot of time and material resources are required. In this paper, we propose a data filtering algorithm that filters out garbage data that has no meaning as data among SNS data. The proposed algorithm improves the filtering accuracy by recursive learning based on the initial learning data. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a filtering effect of over 70% on the experimental keywords.


We present a differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DIFSAR) technique for generating displacement maps and deformation time-series by exploiting data acquired by the ERS and ENVISAT/ASAR systems. The proposed solution is focused on investigating large scale displacements with a relatively low spatial resolution (of about 100 /spl times/ 100 m). Since the two radar sensors operate at different carrier radar frequencies, the easy computation of cross-platform interferograms is prevented, thus leading to independent subsets of interferograms. An easy and efficient way to combine ERS/ERS and ENVISAT/ENVISAT multilook interferograms is represented by the application of the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) strategy. This solution guarantees the continuity in the monitoring of the Earth's surface by benefiting of the present and future availability of ASAR data, preserving the archived ERS data. The presented results, obtained on a descending ERS and ENVISAT SAR data set, spanning the time interval from 1992 until October 2003, are relevant to the Napoli Bay area (Italy) and clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed extension of the SBAS technique.


Abstract The mechanism of the reactions of diphenyl N-bromosulfilimine (I) with such nucleophiles as sulfides, phosphines and tertiary amines was investigated. In the presence of water, (I) reacts with sulfides or phosphines to afford the corresponding sulfoxides or the phosphine oxides in moderate yields; however, the reaction with tertiary amine gave only the N-t-aminosulfilimine derivative. The effect of ring size in the reaction with cyclic sulfides suggests that the reaction proceeds via initial bromine transfer from the nitrogen atom to the sulfur atom of the cyclic sulfides followed by SN2 type substitution of bromide on the sulfur atom of the cyclic sulfide with the sulfilimino group. The phosphine oxide obtained in the reaction of (I) with optically active methyl n-propyl phenyl phosphine was racemized but retained a small portion of the optical activity. In the case of tertiary amines, even 1,4-diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane (DABCO), in which the back side of the nitrogen atom is blocked, reacted s...


Abstract Essential oils hydrodistilled from the leaves and stems of the Zanthoxylum leprieurii, Z. macrophylla and Z. rubescens were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). Fifteen to twenty-eight compounds were identified representing 99.9–78.7% of the oil compositions. The chemical profile of the leaf and stem oils of Z. rubescens were dominated by sesquiterpenoid compounds (E)-nerolidol (44.4–70.2%, respectively) and β-caryophyllene (22.1%). Monoterpenoid was the major class of compounds found in the leaf oil of Z. macrophylla with linalool accounting for 80.5% of the oil composition, while linalool (28.9%), (E)-nerolidol (12.4%), β-bisabolene (10.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.6%) were the major compounds identified in the stem oil. Zanthoxylum leprieurii leaf oil had limonene (94.9%) as the main constituent The stem oil of Z. leprieurii was dominated by sesquiterpenoids with (E)-neroidol (23.0%), humuenol (17.5%) and elemol (5.7%) as major constituents.


Voltage Doubler (VD) rectifiers are known to be most effective in the design of radiofrequency energy harvesting circuits (known as rectenna for Rectifying Antenna). The performance comparisons in most of the previous work have been evaluated concerning single-wave or double-wave bridge rectifiers. However, there are several topologies of VD; this paper then proposes to compare the performance of two types of VD: the Latour VD (LVD) and the Schenkel VD (SVD). Both prototypes are designed with Schottky HSMS 2850 diode, and performances in terms of DC output voltage, conversion efficiency, and matching loss are evaluated. For operating frequencies between 0 and 3.5 GHz, it appears that the performance in terms of DC output voltage and conversion efficiency is almost similar. However, for matching losses, gaps of up to $60\ \mu W/\Omega$ are observed between the two types of VD. This difference can be significant if we consider the level of power consumed in most rectennas applications. The LVD is the topology that shows the least matching loss for input power between −20 dBm and 20 dBm.


Analysis of elements in wines by Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS) may help protect prestigious wineries from counterfeit wines and permit source confirmation for government certification. Thirty‐three elements were determined in 17 white and 10 red wines from 13 Okanagan Valley (B.C, Canada) wineries. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) shows that red wines are similar to red wines and white wines similar to white wines. Apparently processing (contact between must and skins during fermentation) affects Li, Zn, Mo, Mg, Ba, Ca and P. However, wines from grapes from the same vineyard tend to be most similar, regardless of the vintage, grape variety or winery that processed the grapes. This implies that wine element 'fingerprints' are relict soil signatures that survive metabolic and winery processing. Elements in wines behave according to geochemical water solubility principals indicating that soil Eh, pH and complexion agents affect element uptake. There is no clear relationship between vintage year or grape variety and wine element composition. However, discriminant analysis indicates that combinations of elements (˜6) from several geochemical groups can accurately classify the wines according to vineyard. Twenty‐five elements (Cu, Ni, Ca, Fe, B, Mg, As, Sb, Mn, Sn, P, Al, Zn, U, Sr, Cr, S, Co, Ba, La, Mo, Ti, Pb, Ce and V), determined with high precision by ICP‐MS, correlate strongly with vineyard of origin. The limited number of wines available for study requires that conclusions be confirmed with future testing.


Pulldown is an easy and widely used protein-protein interaction assay. However, it has limitations in studying protein complexes that do not assemble effectively in vitro. Such complexes may require co-translational assembly and the presence of molecular chaperones; either they form stable oligomers which cannot dissociate and re-associate in vitro or are unstable without a binding partner. To overcome these problems, it is possible to use a method based on the bacterial co-expression of differentially tagged proteins using a set of compatible vectors followed by the conventional pulldown techniques. The workflow is more time-efficient compared to traditional pulldown because it lacks the time-consuming steps of separate purification of interacting proteins and their following incubation. Another advantage is a higher reproducibility due to a significantly smaller number of steps and a shorter period of time in which proteins that exist within the in vitro environment are exposed to proteolysis and oxidation. The method was successfully applied for studying a number of protein-protein interactions when other in vitro techniques were found to be unsuitable. The method can be used for batch testing protein-protein interactions. Representative results are shown for studies of interactions between BTB domain and intrinsically disordered proteins, and of heterodimers of zinc-finger-associated domains.


Areal rainfall is an important basis of flood forecasting and flood prevention. Areal rainfall calculated by the method of element areas divided by the shed line,correlation analysis and isohyetal method impacting on hydrology simulation is compared for the small basin of Xijiang. A conclusion is drawn: (1) the number of precipitation station without data and its position seriously impact on value of areal rainfall; (2)the method of interrelationship is applicable when the number of precipitation station without data is great and its form a bigger area; (3)precitation stations without date are within the area of stations with data. All three methods are applicable.


Open Society Institute-Baltimore was created as a field office for the Open Society Foundations to test approaches for solving some of the most difficult challenges faced by cities and communities around the country. In keeping with that mission, we offer the OSI-Baltimore Briefs . The initiatives and projects they describe occurred in Baltimore with multiple partners and stakeholders from both the city and state, but the ideas, insights, and information they contain are useful to people and places across the nation. Our hope is that these examples may be replicated or adapted so that others may benefit from what we have learned about the process, challenges, and successes of addressing some widely shared issues.


Ocean energy is one of the largest renewable resources available on the planet. The term ocean energy includes the surface and subsurface motion of the waves, named wave energy. Spain has a long coast and good wave energy resources that can significantly contribute to the Spanish renewable energy mix. This work presents a description of wave energy and wave energy conversion principles, the state of the art of wave energy in Spain, including ongoing research activities and pilot projects, and lessons learned from other European countries several years ahead from Spain regarding wave energy development. The latter is described by including financial incentives and administrative procedures recommendations that can contribute to boost the sector in a country with both an emerging interest and good wave energy potential.


The invention provides a method for preparing a health wine containing longan, clausena lansium, aloe, sapota and/or pawpaw. The method comprises the following steps of: adding yeast with flocculation optimization characteristics and a fermentation aid into the longan juice for fermentation; and then adding clausena lansium, aloe, sapota and/or pawpaw juice to obtain the health wine.


Little is known about Noma or Cancrum Oris Disease. This entity affects to children with chronic malnutrition, poor oral hygiene, poor environmental sanitati...


1 Introduction.- Part I: Basic Solutions.- 2 Function Spaces and the First Renormalized Functional.- 3 The Simplest Heteroclinics.- 4 Heteroclinics in x1 and x2.- 5 More Basic Solutions.- Part II: Shadowing Results.- 6 The Simplest Cases.- 7 The Proof of Theorem 6.8.- 8 k-Transition Solutions for k > 2.- 9 Monotone 2-Transition Solutions.- 10 Monotone Multitransition Solutions.- 11 A Mixed Case.- Part III: Solutions of (PDE) Defined on R^2 x T^{n-2}.- 12 A Class of Strictly 1-Monotone Infinite Transition Solutions of (PDE).- 13 Solutions of (PDE) with Two Transitions in x1 and Heteroclinic Behavior in x2


A mathematical framework is provided for a substructuring‐based domain decomposition (DD) approach for nonlocal problems that features interactions between points separated by a finite distance. Here, by substructuring it is meant that a traditional geometric configuration for local partial differential equation (PDE) problems is used in which a computational domain is subdivided into non‐overlapping subdomains. In the nonlocal setting, this approach is substructuring‐based in the sense that those subdomains interact with neighboring domains over interface regions having finite volume, in contrast to the local PDE setting in which interfaces are lower dimensional manifolds separating abutting subdomains. Key results include the equivalence between the global, single‐domain nonlocal problem and its multi‐domain reformulation, both at the continuous and discrete levels. These results provide the rigorous foundation necessary for the development of efficient solution strategies for nonlocal DD methods.


Abstract : This paper argues for the development of a horse-mounted capability within US Special Operations Forces to support the conduct of counter insurgency operations. Horse-mounted troops are an asset that cannot be ignored given the likelihood that the US will be involved in assisting friendly governments combating insurgencies to some degree into the next century. Horse-mounted troops provide the capabilities of: Mobility; Surprise; Security; Intimidation. Several recent historical examples of the effective use of horse-mounted troops in a counter insurgency role are presented and discussed. The operational concept calls for 'Horse Qualified' teams within the special forces structure capable of providing advice and assistance to host government forces. The horses utilized would be locally obtained in the area involved. Other than for training and proficiency maintenance, no horse-mounted establishment in CONUS is envisioned.


This study was experiment on the safety of rat(Sprague-Dawley) exposed to natural herb oil(BM-solution). BM-solution was administered by inhalation to rats with the dose level of low(30 mg/8 min), middle(30 mg/4 min) and high(50 mg/4 min) in an airtight room for 4 weeks, respectively. Each groups, consisting of 5 rats, was examined for body weight changes, hematological analysis, serum biochemical analysis, organ weight, and histopathological findings, respectively. There were, dose-dependently, no changes of body weight and organ weights, no hematological anomalousness, and no other serum biochemical abnormality from the experiments. In addition, BM-solution was shown to have no specific toxicity by gross and histopathological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that BM-solution had no side effects on rats for 4 weeks.


The acetate salt form of megestrol, a synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring female sex hormone progesterone with potential anti-estrogenic and antineoplastic activity. Mimicking the action of progesterone, megestrol acetate binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors in the reproductive system, and causes the ligand-receptor complex to be translocated to the nucleus where it binds to and promotes expression of target genes. This leads to an alteration in protein synthesis, which modulates cell growth of reproductive tissues. Due to the negative feedback mechanism seen with progesterone, megestrol also blocks luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the pituitary gland, thereby leading to an inhibition of ovulation and an alteration in the cervical mucus and endometrium. Furthermore, without stimulation of LH, estrogen release from the ovaries is stopped, hence impedes the growth of estrogen-sensitive tumor cells.


During the past few years a variety of applications have been found for the hot-cathode grid-controlled rectifier. In the present paper a general review is made of those industrial applications which are known to be economically possible. In order that the paper may be kept to a reasonable length and of general interest, a detailed account of the problems arising and results achieved with each application has not been attempted.A brief description of this rectifier (or thyratron) is given, together with some elementary principles which must be observed when designing circuits suitable for use with it. The grid circuit, especially, gives rise to problems and operating features probably not met with hitherto in industrial control apparatus.Though originally developed as a sensitive relay, the thyratron has now reached such a stage that it is able directly to control power of some magnitude, and thus has uses other than relaying.A Table is given showing the four main groups into which applications may be classified. Examples in each of these groups are dealt with briefly.The paper concludes with the disadvantages of thyratron control, and objections which have been raised to it. An answer can be found for most of the objections raised.


It is chancy business for a lawyer who has lost a case to offer scholarly commentary on that case. The line between criticism and whining may be thin. Yet that lawyer also has the advantage of having spent much time investigating and thinking about the issues. I can at least record in the published scholarly record that "Boerne" is pronounced "Bernie." I confidently expected to win the Flores case. Marci Hamilton and others who doubted the validity of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act(1) plainly had a much better sense than I of the Court's political mood. The city's brief contained twenty-nine citations to dissenting opinions, most of them for key points.(2) I naively thought that this revealed the weakness of the city's arguments. But Professor Hamilton's judgment was exactly right; the former dissenters now had the votes to change the law. Moreover, something about the facts or politics of RFRA provoked at least the acquiescence of Justices who I suspect would not have joined the earlier dissents on which she relied. The City of Boerne did not get all nine votes, but the most striking fact about the case is that Archbishop Flores did not get a dissent on the central issue in the case.(3) My view of the matter was not entirely the self-delusion of an advocate: six appellate courts considered the constitutionality of RFRA prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Flores, and all six upheld the Act.(4) Five of these decisions upheld RFRA as applied to state or local law.(5) Four of these decisions came from federal courts of appeals, and each was written by a well-respected, conservative judge appointed by Ronald Reagan--James Buckley, Patrick Higginbotham, John Noonan, and Richard Posner.(6) I think that Flores dramatically changed the law, but if it did not, then I am not the only one who was confused. Flores was unusual for the number and magnitude of fundamental disagreements between the two sides. Litigation over disputed questions of law works best when background principles are reasonably established and each side can build its argument from a starting premise that the Court is not likely to question. In Flores, the parties disputed everything at the most fundamental level. There were more basic points in dispute than the Court could focus on, and more than either side could adequately brief. Some of these conflicting assumptions were about the enforcement power, some were about RFRA itself, and some were about religious liberty. The Court's starting assumptions turned out to be much closer to those of RFRA's opponents, so probably RFRA was doomed from the beginning. If the assumptions about RFRA and religious liberty dominated the decision, then Flores may be a special ticket, good for this day and this train only. It announced an elastic standard that might stretch to uphold anything Congress wants to enact except RFRA. The opinion depended heavily on the Court's assessment of the facts, and in future cases, the Court might find the facts required to uphold any statute that is not RFRA. If the assumptions about the enforcement power were sufficient to drive the case without assistance from the assumptions about RFRA and religious liberty, then Flores may mean what it says, and the Court may find facts in the future exactly as it found them in Flores. In that event, Flores is by far the most important of the recent round of federalism decisions. Several statutes that were previously uncontroversial are now subject to serious constitutional attack; Congress's power to protect liberty in the states appears to have shrunk dramatically. As in Employment Division v. Smith,(7) nothing is overruled, but everything is changed. I. WHAT THE COURT SAID Flores held that RFRA is unconstitutional as applied to state and local governments.(8) The decision does not affect RFRA's application to federal law, which is based on Congress's Article I powers and in no way depends on the Fourteenth Amendment. …


This paper summarized the development,component,characteristic and applicable scope of anode cementation materials,which were used for cathodic protection in reinforced concrete.Based on the existing problems by applications,the aspects to be improved were indicated.It can provide references and directions for studying new fine performance anode cementation materials.


Expanding the spectral absorption breadth and efficiently harvesting excitons are crucial towards creating highly efficient polymer solar cells. Here we describe a strategy to realize broad-band light harvesting in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based solar cells. We introduce the use of squaraine dye molecules that play a dual role towards improving P3HT-based solar cells. The first benefit is an increase in the spectral absorption in the near infrared region. The second advantage is the collection of excitons close to the interfacial heterojunctions via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Unlike traditional multi-blend systems, where each donor works independently in separate spectral responses, FRET-based systems enable the effective use of multiple donors with significant improvements in light absorption and conversion. Ultrafast transient absorption experiments show that the excitation energy from P3HT can be transferred rapidly (within a few picoseconds) and efficiently (up to 96%) to the squaraine via FRET. As a result, the overall power conversion efficiency is improved. This architecture opens up a new paradigm towards transformative improvements of polymer solar cells.


1Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, D.E.I., Dayalbagh, Agra, U. P., INDIA 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, G. L. A. University, Mathura, U. P., INDIA 3Emeritus Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, AB, Canada ---------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract-Three phase induction motors (TPIMs) are the most commonly used motors for rotating mechanical loads in the industrial environment. TPIM behavior is totally dependent on its parameters. The TPIM parameter information tells about the health of the induction motor and is also necessary for precise control of its behavior.


Monocytes and macrophages (Mo/Mφ) play critical roles in all phases of normal skin wound healing. However, persistent accumulation of pro-inflammatory Mo/Mφ contributes to impaired healing in diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether proliferation contributes to Mo/Mφ accumulation in skin wounds. First, proliferating Mo/Mφ (F4/80+Ki67+) were observed in wound cryosections from non-diabetic mice. Next, cell cycle analysis indicated skin wounding increased the number and percentage of Ly6C+F4/80lo/-Mo/Mφ in the S/G2/M phases peaking on day 6 post-wounding with significantly more proliferating cells in wounds from diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic mice. Moreover, unbiased scRNAseq analysis revealed that a cluster dominantly composed of wound Mo/Mφ from diabetic mice exhibited upregulation of genes associated with progression and regulation of cell cycle. Finally, a screen of potential regulators of wound Mo/Mφ proliferation showed increased wound CCL2 levels in diabetic versus non-diabetic mice and that local treatment with CCL2 protein increased proliferation of wound Ly6C+F4/80lo/-Mo/Mφ in non-diabetic mice. Importantly, adoptive transfer of mixtures of CCR2−/− and CCR2+/+ Ly6Chi Mo suggested a critical role for CCL2/CCR2 signaling in promoting Mo/Mφ proliferation in the wound environment. Together, these data demonstrate 1) Ly6C+/F4/80lo/-Mo/Mφ proliferate during skin wound healing with higher rates in wounds from diabetic mice than non-diabetic mice and, 2) a novel role for the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway in promoting skin Mo/Mφ proliferation, contributing to persistent accumulation of Mo/Mφ and impaired healing in diabetic mice.


Circulation. 2019;140:e152–e153. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.039939 e152 Jianbing Zhu, MD Xiaoping Peng, MD Zeqi Zheng, MD To the Editor: We congratulate Fuernau et al1 for their excellent study recently published in Circulation. The authors performed a randomized trial to investigate the hemodynamic effects of mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients who have cardiogenic shock with acute myocardial infarction. The findings of this randomized trial indicate that mild therapeutic hypothermia showed no beneficial effect in patients with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction on cardiac power index at 24 hours. Preclinical study suggests that the benefit of intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia is superior to postresuscitation cooling in a murine cardiac arrest model.2 Therefore, when moving from very early therapeutic hypothermia in the preclinical study to several hours of delay in the clinical setting, we may miss the time window for the improved patient outcome of therapeutic hypothermia. Moreover, patients in the present study underwent randomization after percutaneous coronary intervention and transportation to the intensive care unit and had a further 8 hours to achieve the target temperature of 33°C. A briefer time to the target temperature after cardiac arrest or in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction may be essential to modify reperfusion injury. We speculate that this time window might be crucial for the greatest benefit of therapeutic hypothermia. To avoid shivering in the mild therapeutic hypothermia group, the patients received deep sedation and optional muscle relaxation in the current study. Although detailed information of sedation was not provided, it is plausible that sedation with propofol may weaken the beneficial effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the reduction of reperfusion injury.3,4 Therefore, the delay in achieving the target temperature of 33°C and the lack of detailed information about sedative treatment make it confusing to understand whether the negative outcomes are attributable to the ineffectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia or the disturbance from confounding factors.


Esau, Katherine. 193. Plant anatomy. John Wiley & Sons, Tuec., N-C\ew Nork. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. 8th Eld. Americani Book Company, New York. Gleason, H. A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated dora of northeastern United States and a(ljacent Caniada. Lancaster Press, Lancaster, Pa. Harrington, H. D. 1954. Mlantual of plants of Colorado. Sage Boolok, 1 )e'nver. Hayward, H. E. 1948 The structure of economic l)lants. NMacl\fillani Co., New York. Jones, G. N. 1950. Flora of Illinois. Am. Midland Naturalist, Moiograph #5, U. of Notre Dame Press. Kearney, T. H., and R. H. Peebles. 1942. Flowering plants and ferns of Arizona. U. S. (Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Kelting, R. W. 1954. Effects of moderate grazing on the composition and plant production of a native tall-grass prairie in central Oklahoma. Ecology 35: 200-206(. Knobel, E. D., and 0. H. Brensing. 1942. Soil survey of Tulsa County, Supt. of Documents, Washington, 1). C. Little, V. A. 1957. General and applied entomology. Harper & Bros., New York. MacMillan, C. 1892. Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley. Geol. and Natural History Survey, Minneapolis. Oakes, M. C. 1952. Geologic map of Tulsa County, Oklahoma. Ross, H. H. 1956. A textbook of entomology. John \Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Rydberg, P. A. 1922. Flora of Rocky Mountains and adjacent l)lains. Published by author, New York. . 1932. Flora of the prairies and l)lains of central North America. New York Bot. Garden. Scott, F. M., and H. M. Sharsmith. 1930. Transition region in seedling of Ricinlnts coninzonis, a physiological interpretation. Am. J. of Botany, 20: 176-187. Small, J. K. 1933. Manual of the southern flora. Science Press Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa. Tidestrom and Kittell. 1941. Flora of Arizona and New Mexico. Catholic Univ. Press, Washington, D. C. Turner, B. L. 1950. Texas species of Dcsiuzanthus (Leguminosae). Field and Laboratory 18: 54-65. 1950. Vegetative key to Texas Desian thus (Leguminosae) and similar genera. Field and Laboratory 18: 51-54. Waterfall, U. T. 1957. Keys to the flora of Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.


This paper deals with adaptive array beamforming in the presence of the pointing error. A modified algorithm with robust capabilities for the eigenspace based adaptive beamforming is presented. By utilizing the signal-plus-interference subspace obtained with the eigenstructure of the correlation matrix, we calibrate the presumed steering vector in the ESB algorithm. The calibrated steering vector is then used for the ESB adaptive beamforming. Several computer simulation examples are presented that demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over the conventional ESB algorithm.


Background: Hyperspectral technology has made it possible to perform completely non-invasive investigations on pigment analysis, in particular, on pigment identification. The most commonly used method of pigment identification is to compare the spectral similarity between ones of unknown target and ones in spectral library, which requires a comprehensive and complete spectral library and is based on overall shape of the spectrum. To a certain extent, it may ignore some of the key absorption characteristics of the spectrum. Methods: A novel spectral matching method was proposed based on the spectrum divided into subsections for identification according to the main ion absorption characteristics. Main works: (1) establishing a spectral library suitable for typical pigment identification of painting; (2) discussing the main components, as well as the absorption positions of the ions and functional groups contained in pigments frequently used by artists; (3) presenting a novel spectral matching algorithm carried on spectral subsections for pigment identification; (4) verifying the feasibility and applicability of proposed method by a Chinese painting and a fresco. Conclusions: The proposed method can correctly identify the main pigments or components contained in the mixed area, which is better than the traditional method and more convenient than the unmixing method, except for some limitations in detecting white and black pigments.


Gauge fields, both Abelian and non-Abelian type, play an important role in modern physics. It prompts extensive studies of exotic physics on a variety of platforms. In this work, we present building blocks, consist of capacitors and inductors, for implementing non-Abelian gauge fields in circuit system. Based on these building blocks, we experimentally synthesize the Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction. Using operational amplifier, to break the time reversal symmetry, we further provide a scheme for designing the topological Chern circuit system. By measuring the chiral edge state of the Chern circuit, we experimentally confirm its topological nature. Our scheme offers a new route to study physics related to non-Abelian gauge field using circuit systems.


Plant growth promoting ability of Bacillus megaterium (TRS-4), isolated from rhizosphere of tea bushes, was tested on 5 varieties of tea- TV-18, TV-23, TV-25, TV-26 and T-17/1/154 in the experimental field and in potted condition. An increase in height, emergence of new leaves, branches and increase in leaf numbers as well as increase in leaf dry mass was observed following application of the bacterium. The experimental field was designed in randomized block design where three replicate plots with 10 plants /treatment for each variety was taken. In the field, the experimental plot of Tea Estate was arranged into 2-replicated randomized block design, with each treatment of variety T-17/1/154 having 100 bushes. Increase in number of leaves and number of branches were significant after 12 months of application in field but in potted plants, significant increase were obtained even after 2 months of application. Significant increase in accumulation of phenolics was also observed in tea plants. B. megaterium solubilized phosphate in vitro and in vivo. Following application of the bacterium, soil P content decreased, root and leaf phosphate increased and soil phosphatase activities were enhanced. Chlorophyll contents of leaves were enhanced by the application of B. megaterium. Bioformulations of the bacterium in saw dust, rice husk and tea waste were found to survive for more than 9 months in vitro with populations in the range of 1×10 c.f.u/ml. The bioformulations were as effective as aqueous suspensions in 6-7 plant growth promotion. There was no significant difference among the aqueous suspension or different bioformulations in increase in height and number of leaves after 2 months of application, indicating that the application of bioformulations could also effectively promote tea plant growth.


Forecasting of changes in the physical properties of steels under irradiation is usually achieved through a detailed knowledge of the source in terms of atomic displacements. This source is extende...


Empirical prediction methods for reservoir water temperature are usually used in environmental evaluation of hydropower projects.The recommended prediction methods based on experience for reservoir water temperature according to Chinese hydroelectric specifications,the Dongkanyuan method,Zhu Bo-fang method,and statistical method,were compared,and the errors of their calculation results were analyzed based on monitoring data from several reservoirs.The conclusions can provide a reference for relevant departments.


Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the parents' satisfaction with the experience of receiving the diagnosis of Down's syndrome (DS) for their child. Materials and Methods: Children studying in special schools in the city with DS were identified and a retrospective study of their parents' experience on receiving their child's diagnosis was done using a semi-structured, questionnaire, developed, and validated by us. Results: Forty-two parents participated. In 7 (16.6%), diagnosis was made in the neonatal period, in 15 (35.7%) between 1 month and 1 year, and in 20 (47.6%) after the 1st year of life. Forty (95.2%) had been given printed information, 32 (76.2%) were provided with contacts numbers of resource centers. Thirty-eight (90.5%) were referred to support groups. Only 9 (21.4%) were provided a timetable of care. Twenty (47.6%) felt that all the positive aspects had been clarified, 15 (35%) felt that all the negative aspects were completely explained, and 29 (69%) felt that the doctor had shown compassion. Overall satisfaction 9.5% were very satisfied with the experience, 45.2% were quite satisfied,11.9% were neutral, 19.1% were quite dissatisfied, and 14.3% were very dissatisfied. The factors significantly associated with satisfaction included having a time table of care, having both positive and negative aspects completely explained and the health-care professional showing compassion at the time of breaking the diagnosis. Conclusion: Only 54.8% of parents of children with DS were satisfied with the way the diagnosis of their child's condition was broken to them. Efforts to include the factors associated with satisfaction and avoidance of factors causing dissatisfaction will help improve the experience of these parents.


The Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety is a transnational governance approach towards implementing factory safety standards in the Bangladeshi garment sector. Some commentators argue that the Accord is a 'game changer' in times of corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially because it includes transnational buying companies in a legally binding contract with union federations. This article takes the Accord as an interesting case for how labour networks become part of a transnational governance arrangement. Taking a cultural political economy perspective, the author assumes that the Accord marks a practice of implementing ethical demands under conditions of supply chain capitalism and argues that calling the Accord a paradigm shift would be overly optimistic: while labour networks were able to use a crisis in the regime of CSR policies, they could not challenge the managerial culture of translating political demands according to the conventions of supply chain management. These conventions separate the sources of profit from the political claim for decent labour standards. In a transnational governance initiative, labour networks rely on such management conventions, since they are constitutive of the production network. From this perspective the Accord is an impressive reaction to the Rana Plaza disaster, but not a game changer.


Objective We reported two cases of invasive fungi infection with tuberculosis history treated with itraconazole injections.The experience of anti-fungi treatment in the patients with tuberculosis was discussed.Methods The first case,a 49-year-old man with bronchi-lung cysts and old lung tuberculosis,was definitely diagnosed as invasive aspergillus infection of lung.The second case was a 51-year-old man with right spontaneous pneumothorax,chronic obstructive lung disease and old pulmonary tuberculosis.He was suspiciously diagnosed as invasive pulmonary monilia infection.Both patients were treated with injections of itraconazole for two weeks combined with antibiotics.We made the surveillance of clinical and mycologic effects.Results Both patients improved in clinical manifestations and symptoms after two weeks' therapy.Mycology results showed negative under microscope but still positive in culture.Conclusion The duration of anti-fungi therapy for invasive fungi infection should be prolonged in patients with lung tuberculosis.Reasonable administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids,their indications,application time,dosage and duration are important factors for controlling fungi infection.


We construct a formal gradient flow structure for phase-field evolution coupled to mechanics in Lagrangian coordinates, present common ways to couple the evolution and provide an incremental minimization strategy. While the usual presentation of continuum mechanics is intentionally very brief, the focus of this paper is on an extensible functional analytical framework and a discretization approach that preserves an appropriate variational structure as much as possible. As examples, we first present phase separation and swelling of gels and then the approach of stationary states of multiphase systems with surface tension and show the robustness of the general approach.


In recent years, as the usage of internet increases, new type of attacks on network information is also increasing continuously. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is an important component that provides security to the network information by identifying various kinds of attacks occurring in the networks. Currently, there are many researches who are working in this area and they focus on developing effective IDS using machine learning techniques. However, there is a need for better systems with improved detection accuracy and reduced false alarm rate. In this paper, we propose an Intelligent IDS using fuzzy rough set based C4.5 classification algorithm to improve the detection accuracy. This system has been compared with Support Vector Machines for illustrating the improvement with respect to the detection accuracy. The inputs to these classifiers were preprocessed using a fuzzy rough set based outlier detection algorithm. In this work, we used the KDD'99 Cup dataset for carrying out the simulation of the experiments. The experimental results obtained in this work show that the proposed model reduces the false alarm rate and improves overall detection accuracy.


This paper intends to probe into the translation strategies of the Chinese rhetoric "feibai", which frequents Journey to the West. A comparative study of some typical examples in this bilingual work ascertains the author that W. J. F. Jenner has done a brilliant job in enabling non-speakers of Chinese to understand what the examples convey; meanwhile, it also points out a few translation flaws since "feibai" is a "hard nut to crack" and the author as a reader may understand differently.


Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation technique has potential output in the 5G systems.The choice of FBMC over Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is attributed to lower Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR) and reduced Bit Error Rate(BER). FBMC benefits due to its structural simplicity achieved in FIR filter realization. The PolyPhase Networking(PPN) filter banks are used in the implementation of FIR filters in FBMC. This in turn decomposes the wideband signals into a narrowband signal, resulting in lower PAPR of the whole system. Parameters like Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR),BER,PAPR are used as performance metrics to analyze OFDM, SC-FDMA and FBMC. Performance Metrics are compared across various channels like Rayleigh, Rician and Double Selective and their influence on the modulation techniques is discussed.


This paper raises some critical issues in TB Management in India. It is hoped that the policy makers programme planners professional researchers and administrators would attempt to answer these questions for effective results. India contributes 1/3 of the global burden of TB Diseases (globally six million). About 22 lakh new cases every year. 1.2 million TB cases are detected every year. TB kills more people in India than HIV STD Malaria Leprosy and other tropical diseases. What is the political commitment and related infrastructure resource support to reduce the disease burden? TB is said to be a disease caused by poverty crowded living conditions and absence of native resistance. What are the behavioural factors leading to low resistance? (excerpt)


The utility model relates to a heat pump type air conditioner defroster. A compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, a decompressor and an outdoor heat exchanger are connected through a pipeline to form a heating circuit, in which a first bypass circuit and a second bypass circuit are arranged as well; a first electromagnetic valve is arranged between the decompressor and the outdoor heat exchanger, and is connected in parallel with the first bypass circuit, on which a heater is arranged; and a decompressing capillary and a second electromagnetic valve are arranged in the second bypass circuit, one end of which is connected between the exhaust outlet of the compressor and the indoor heat exchanger and the other end of which is connected between the first electromagnetic valve and the outdoor heat exchanger. The utility model has the advantages that: (1) during defrosting, the indoor unit still operates to heat, so that the indoor temperature is not notably fluctuated, and thereby a user can feel more comfortable; (2), during defrosting, two routes of high-temperature refrigerant converges and then enters the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit to thaw frost, the flow velocity and flow rate of the refrigerant are increased, and the defrosting time is shortened.


The anaesthesia machine has most often been involved in equipment-related morbidity,[1] and this has led to the extensive use of preoperative checklists. Technical problems with the anaesthesia workstation are often reported.[2] The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has developed pre-anaesthesia checkout guidelines and these are widely accepted to be important components of safe anaesthesia practice. Incorporation of safety features in anaesthesia machines and ensuring a proper check-up of the machine is done before its use on a patient.[3]


services to their customers. This includes not being tied to proprietary equipment, and more importantly, being able to lower CapEx and OpEx, improve time-to-market and deliver leading-edge performance. Voicing these desires, thirteen of the world's largest service providers wrote a joint white paper encouraging the development of interoperable solutions based on industry-standard servers. They proposed an approach called network functions virtualization (NFV), which is applicable to any data plane packet processing and control plane function in fixed and mobile network infrastructures.


Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the significance of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and all that it purported to stand for has been largely cast aside. Other than as a cautionary tale, the GDR has been widely seen as offering little to contemporary political discourse. By contrast, in recent years, its experience, especially in its early formative period, has attracted a lot of attention from historians. In part this burst of activity can be attributed to the opening of closed archives in eastern Europe, but it is also related to the desire to understand better how a flawed system could maintain such seeming stability for so long, and then, how all that could collapse so suddenly and ignobly in 1989. Was its demise inevitable, rooted, as it were, in the DNA of the system, or were there alternative paths that could have been taken? Much of the recent research is founded on the premise that insights and answers to such questions can be uncovered by going back to the origins of the system. This article is written in the same vein. Its aim is to shed light on how aspects of the East German workplace evolved in the period between the beginnings of Soviet occupation and the establishment of a Soviet-style planned economy by 1949–50.


In this paper, we introduce fully discrete mixed discontinuous Galerkin approximations for parabolic problems. And we analyze the error estimates in norm for the primary variable and the error estimates in the energy norm for the primary variable and the flux variable.


(57) Abstract: a resistor (12) capacitors (13) and the Schottky diode (11) and ESD protection devices (101), semiconductor devices formed them all on a single semiconductor body (100). Resistance (12) capacitors (13) are connected in series. Schottky diodes and ESD protection devices, resistors (12) are connected in parallel with the series connection of the capacitor (13).


Previous researches assumed that the more nets being routed over the cells, the greater the reduction in channel density. In fact, only the routing of critical nets will contribute to the reduction of channel density. The authors propose a heuristic method to find critical nets and use free terminals to further reduce the channel density. Experimental results show that their approach reduces more channel density than previous researches and can speed up the process of over-the-cell routing.<<ETX>>


HE FORMATION and stability of binary Zn, Cd and Ce complexes with 1,4-bis(2`-carboxyphenylazomethine)phenylene (BCPAP) were studied by potentiometric pH-titrations in 50% (v/v) 1,4 dioxane-water medium [I=0.1M KNO3], 25°C. Under uniform conditions the dissociation constants of the ligand BCPAP have also been examined. The potentiometric data showed that the metal contents in all complexes are consistent with 1:1 metal: ligand stoichiometry. From the formation curves the stepwise stability constants of binary chelates were determined and the optimal pH conditions for preparing the solid complexes were specified. The synthesized complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, infrared and electronic spectra. The reaction of the bis–bidentate ligand (1,4-bis (2`-carboxyphenylazomethine)phenylene) BCPAP with each of Zn, Cd and Ce gives coordination polymers. Thermal stabilities of the various coordination polymers were studied. The isolated coordination polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg). The obtained Tg and DSC data, showed the formation of one kind of coordination polymers (homo-coordination polymers). The conductivity of the polychelates were measured both from the solution and electrode side. The surfaces of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).


This study investigated the application of genetic algorithms for solving a fuzzy optimization problem that arises in business and economics. In this problem, a fuzzy price is determined using a linear or a quadratic fuzzy demand function as well as a linear cost function. The objective is to find the optimal fuzzy profit, which is derived from the fuzzy price and the fuzzy cost. The traditional methods for solving this problem are (1) using the extension principle, and (2) using the interval arithmetic and α-cuts. However, we argue that the traditional methods for solving this problem are too restrictive to produce an optimal solution, and that an alternative approach is possibly needed. We use genetic algorithms to obtain an approximate solution for this fuzzy optimal profit problem without using the membership functions. We not only give empirical examples to show the effectiveness of this approach, but also give theoretical proofs to validate the correctness of the algorithm. We conclude that genetic algorithms can produce good approximate solutions when applied to solve fuzzy optimization problems.


Every student of calculus learns that one typically solves a differential equation by integrating it. However, as Euler showed in his 1758 paper (E236), Exposition de quelques paradoxes dans le calcul intégral (Explanation of certain paradoxes in integral calculus) [1], there are differential equations that can be solved by actually differentiating them again. This initially seems paradoxical or, as Euler describes it in the introduction of his paper: Here I intend to explain a paradox in integral calculus that will seem rather strange: this is that we sometimes encounter differential equations in which it would seem very difficult to find the integrals by the rules of integral calculus yet are still easily found. not by the method of integration. but rather in differentiating the proposed equation again; so in these cases, a repeated differentiation leads us to the sought integral.


Extinguishment of a burning solid propellant is difficult, however, dynamic extinction can be induced by fast depressurization in combustion chamber. This paper describes experimental results for the characteristics of extinguishment for composite solid propellants by rapid depressurization. For various composition of solid propellants, depressurization ratio which can induce extinguishment of combustion was obtained using experimental apparatus with rupture disk. Experimental results showed that particle size of oxidizer, mixing ratio of oxidizers with different particle size and contents of metal fuel can affect on the characteristics extinguishement for solid propellant.


Spontaneous, atraumatic rupture of the spleen is an uncommon but potentially fatal cause of acute abdominal pain. Splenic abscesses are equally rare and can be a risk factor for spontaneous splenic rupture. We present a 45-year-old man with no past medical or surgical history who presented with acute worsening of left upper abdominal pain that had been present for months, who was discovered to have a ruptured spleen. Splenic abscess was discovered intra-operatively and was thought to have developed after dental work. Recognizing presenting features of spontaneous splenic rupture and understanding its potential causes, such as splenic abscesses, may prevent delayed or missed diagnosis and guide treatment, which typically includes emergent splenectomy.


In this thesis we study the worst-case complexity ofconstraint satisfaction problems and some of its variants. We use methods from universal algebra: in particular, algebras of total functions and ...


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new design called a partial cloverleaf progressA (parclo progressA) which could be considered as a substitute for failing conventional parclo A interchanges. Over 200 VISSIM simulation tests were conducted to make a comparison between the new parclo progressA and the conventional parclo A in terms of traffic operation. Also, the same tests were conducted in the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model to evaluate the safety performance of the designs. According to the results, the parclo progressA performed better than the conventional parclo A in terms of both traffic operation and traffic safety. The mean travel time in the parclo progressA with 2-phase signlas was significantly lower than the parclo A, especially when there are high turning traffic demands. Regarding the safety performance, the parclo progressA had about 25% fewer simulated conflict interactions compared to the parclo A with dual left turn lanes from the off-ramps.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between public health nurse's decentralization, participation of decision-making and organizational commitment and to provide basic data for the improvement of public health nurse's organizational effectiveness. Data were collected from Aug. 1 to Aug. 30, 1998 (collection rate-96%) through questionnaires by 163 public health nurses working in Taejon and Chungnam. The instruments were used Van de Ven and Ferry's Job Authority scale, Hage and Aiken's Hierarchy of Authority scale. Participation of Decision-making scale. and Mowday's Organizational Commitment Questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS PC+. The results were as follows 1. There were significant differences of age(P


The flexible printed circuit (FPC) board with the characteristic of light and thin strengthened confronted the growing miniaturization requirements of the electronic product and the popularity of wearable devices. The reliability of circuit could be influenced by the hole quality of FPC, such as burrs, which is one of the major problem in FPC.,In this paper, micro-drill with a diameter of 0.1 mm was used to drill the double-sided flexible copper clad laminate. The thrust force, the burr and tool wear were investigated. The influencing factors of the height of the burrs were studied. The relationship between the thrust force and the height of the burrs was also explored. Finally, the formation mechanism of burrs was analyzed.,The entrance burrs were usually less than the exit burrs. The burr height increased with the feed per rotation. The height of the burr increased with the increase of the thrust force for the plastic deformation of the copper foil was dominant. The abrasion of the drill gave rise to increase the height of burr. In micro-hole drilling, the growth of burrs can be suppressed effectively by reducing the clearance between the FPC and the backup plate. The thrust force would be controlled in a certain range to reduce the burr with specific drilling parameters. There existed a certain relationship of Gaussian distribution between the height of the burrs and the thrust force of FPC.,The reliability of the integrated circuit was directly affected by the burrs of the FPC. This research on the formation mechanism of FPC burrs and forecast of burr height provided a firm foundation for further work in the area of improvement of the micro-hole quality.


Bone ultrasound measures (QUSs) can assess fracture risk in the elderly. We compared three QUSs and their association with nonvertebral fracture history in 7562 Swiss women 70–80 years of age. The association between nonvertebral fracture was higher for heel than phalangeal QUS.


SMART-RACE was performed after isolating the total RNA of Armillariella tabescens to amplify the full-length cDNA of arabinosidase (GenBank Accession No. AJ620046). Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze the code frame of arabinosidase, to predict its structure and function. Recombinant plasmid pPIC9-AF was constructed and then electroporated into methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris GS115. The secreted 6 × His fusion protein was purified to analyze its enzymology property. This arabinosidase had high activity at 30-35℃ under acid condition, and was stable within wide range of pH and temperature. It maintained about 80% activity at the range of pH4. 0-8.0 and 20-40℃,wider than many other cloned arabinosidase. So it was worthy to go step further to study this enzyme, and recombinant expression provided a chance of highly expressing arabinosidase.


The invention relates to an aerogel electrode material preparing method. The preparing method includes the following steps that 1, wood fibers, nano-crystalline cellulose crystals and a crosslinking auxiliary are dispersed in water to obtain suspension liquid, and the suspension liquid is poured into a container, frozen and freeze-dried to obtain wood fiber/nano-crystalline cellulose crystal aerogel; 2, the wood fiber/nano-crystalline cellulose crystal aerogel is subjected to a crosslinking reaction at the temperature of 150 DEG C-250 DEG C; 3, polyaniline dispersion liquid is added into the aerogel obtained in the step 2, vacuum suction filtering, washing and drying are carried out, carboxylic carbon nano tube and/or graphene oxide dispersion liquid is added into the aerogel, and vacuum suction filtering, washing and drying are carried out again, so that polyaniline with positive charges and carboxylic carbon nano tubes and/or graphene oxide with negative charges are alternately deposited on a wood fiber/nano-crystalline cellulose crystal aerogel skeleton to obtain an aerogel electrode material. The invention further relates to an electrode material prepared through the method.


It's important to study Su Manshu's "Unspeakable Agony", which has been regarded as the problem of blood inheritance in many schoolars ' eye. Based on Su Manshu ' s pitiable life experience and painful mind, as well as the works Postscript of the Tidal Sound, and ON Lonely Wild Goose, it's easy to find that the unspeakable agony refers to the contradiction between the belief in Buddhism and the secular life, especially the infinite pain caused by love affairs.


The presence of antithiamine factors in fish has been known since the early 1940's when it was noted that foxes fed raw carp developed polyneuritic symptoms or Chastek paralysis which was characteristic of thiamine deficiency (1). This condition could be pre vented by heating the fish or including ad ditional thiamine in the diet and was later shown to be caused by the presence of an enzyme "thiaminase" in the raw fish. Fish, both fresh water and salt water, have been assayed for this enzyme in many parts of the world and, in general, thiaminase appears to be more prevalent in fresh water than in salt water fish (2). This review concerns work in our laboratory on antithiamine and thiamine modifying factors in fish and meat products and also investigations on a reaction of hemin with thiamine. Our initial work on antithiamine factors involved two species of fish which are common ly eaten raw in Hawaii, the Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna. Since thiamine-destroying activity was found in both species, we analyzed approximately 30 additional species of fish found in Hawaiian waters (3). In this study we used the p-aminoacetophenone method for the analysis of thiamine. We found that a number of fish had antithiamine activity that was not destroyed by boiling the homogenate in addition to thermolabile (enzyme) activity. The highest enzymatic activity was in the Skip jack tuna liver. Goatfish had high thermo stable activity, while surgeonfish and marlin had little or no activity. Our interest has centered on the thermo stable activity. In another series of experi ments, we studied the effects of incubation temperature and pre-boiling of the Skipjack


The article analyzes the state of legislation and practice of disciplinary proceedings against private executors by the DisciplinaryCommission of Private Enforcement Agents on the basis of submissions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, entered as a result ofconsideration of appeals of debtors to appeal the procedural actions of private executors in the execution of their court decisions. Cont -rol and inspection of the activities of private performers may also be carried out by: courts, the Council of Private Performers of Ukraineand investigative bodies.But the simultaneous and consistent activity of such a number of persons authorized to inspect a private executor is impractical,as it disrupts the activities of a private executor.The debtor is most interested in taking appropriate actions with abuse of rights, who will use the availability of these methods to"protect" their own interests in order not to enforce or delay the execution of the decision.Therefore, we believe that the debtor should be given the right to appeal against the decisions, actions or omissions of the stateexecutor only in court. Such a provision of the law will eliminate the possibility for the debtor to abuse his rights, to use possible pressurefrom the Ministry of Justice on the private executor, which is intensified by the possibility of the latter to initiate disciplinary proceedingsagainst him.
Corruption risks when inspecting the activities of private performers may also occur when passing the qualifying examinationevery five years through automated anonymous testing. You can make tickets so that no one can answer them. Thus, private performerswill look for a way out of this situation – to find the "unofficial" cost of passing the exam and solve this issue with the least time andeffort.Therefore, without defining clear limits of disciplinary liability and appropriate measures that can be applied to private perfor -mers for certain illegal actions, control by all institutions will border on the corruption component.Therefore, the issues of checking the activities of private performers and monitoring their actions require broad and public discussion,setting clear limits of application and bodies that will exercise such control to prevent corruption, and bringing private performersto disciplinary responsibility have become objective.


This technique enables a reduction relates to an RF tag and comprising reader / writer functions of both the communication device, or an electronic apparatus in which the manufacturing cost of the installation of the communication device communication device, a communication method, an integrated circuit and electronic equipment. When the transmitting circuit according to a first mode of operation, since the RFID reader / writer acting, according to the transmission data by changing the load impedance of the antenna modulation unit, using the first carrier, the transmission data is transmitted to the communication antenna destination generation unit; when when the transmitting circuit according to a second mode of operation, the destination play the role of the RFID reader / writer communication, according to the transmission data by changing the load impedance of the antenna element of the modulation, is transmitted using the antenna unit receiving a second carrier, the transmission data is sent RFID reader / writer. For example, the present technology may be applied to contain an RF tag and reader / writer functions of both the communication device, wherein the electronic device is mounted, or the communication device.