Dengue is a disease caused by the dengue virus, which is a classification of the Flavivirus group. The Aedes mosquito group transmits this virus. Dengue infection can provide a diverse clinical spectrum. This is a type of qualitative research with a case study approach. The case was conducted at the K.R.M.T. Wongsonegoro Regional Hospital, Semarang. Retrieval of data used primary data and secondary data. Case management was done following the Standard Operating Procedures set by the hospital. Data analysis was conducted by comparing cases with review literature sourced from articles or other scientific sources. The case study results pointed out that a girl was brought by her parents to the emergency room at R.S.D. K.R.M.T. Wongsonegoro on April 18, 2022, at 13.30 WIB as a referral patient from the Public Health Center with complaints of seizures and shortness of breath. The child's condition was monitored by experiencing changes on the eleventh day in the PICU Room.


OBJECTIVE To establish the method for determination of 10α-methoxy-6-methylergoline-8β-methanol(MDL,a main metabolite of Nicergoline) in human plasma by HPLC.METHODS Chromatographic column was based on Luna C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,10 μm).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: 0.01 mol·L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate(15:85,pH3.5)with a flow rate of l.0 ml·min-1.The column temperature was 30℃.The detecting wavelength was 225 nm.RESULT The linear range was 5.0-80.0 ng·ml-1(r=0.9997,n=7).The average method recovery were 93.85%,94.83% and 89.84 %.The intra-day RSD were 4.93%,8.23% and 10.63%(n=5),and the inter-day RSD were 6.17%,6.13% and 8.41%(n=5).CONCLUSION The method was sensitive,simple,and reliable,and suitable for determination of nicergoline and other correlated dose forms of nicergoline on clinical study.


THE ROLE of adenosine in the CNS has, as yet, not been elucidated. However, a variety of electrophysiological and neurochemical data implicate adenosine in a neuromodulatory or neurotransmitter role. Adenosine has reversible depressant effects on the spontaneous or evoked firing of central neurons (PHILLIS ef ul., 1974, 1975; PHILLIS & KOSTOPOULOS, 1975; PHILLIS & EDSTROM, 1976; KURODA & KORAYASHI, 1975; OKADA & KURODA, 1975). Electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex in situ (SULAKHE& PHILLIS, 1975) or ofisolated brain tissue in oitro (PULL & MCILWAIN, 1972a,b; SUN et a/., 1976; NEWMAN & MCILWAIN, 1977) leads to an enhanced release of adenosine as does chemical depolarization of brain tissue (SHIMIZU et al., 1970; SCHULTZ & DALY, 1973; HUANG & DALY, 1974b). Adenosine causes an enhanced accumulation of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in brain tissue (cf., DALY, 1977; SKOLNICK & DALY, 1977a), a property shared with neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. In addition, adenosine potentiates the accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited by norepinephrine and histamine in brain slice preparations. Both the a-adrenergiccomponent of norepinephrine-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP and the HI-component of the histamine response in brain slice preparations appear to be virtually dependent on adenosine (SATTIN et a/., 1975; SCHWABE & DALY, 1977; DALY et al., in press). I n toto, the results suggest that purinergic nerves may exist in the CNS (cf., BURNSTOCK, 1976)and that adenosine may serve not only as an inhibitory neuromodulator but may, in addition, have a permissive role in regulating inhibitory responses to biogenic amines. Further approaches to the role of adenosine both in intact brain and in isolated preparations are clearly needed. Adenosine antagonists such as theophylline and 2'-deoxyadenosine have been developed (SATTIN & RALL, 1970; SHIMIZU et al., 1975; MAH & DALY, 1976; SHIMIZU & YANANURA, 1977). Adenosine deaminase has been used to reduce adenosine levels in v i m (HUANG et a!., 1973; NEWMAN & MCILWAIN, 1977; SCHMIDT et al., 1977; PREMONT et al., 1977). Release of endogenous adenosine can be elicited or enhanced by elcctrical stimulation (SUN et al., 1976; NEWMAN & MCILWAIN, 1977), chemical depolarization (SCHULTZ & DALY, 1973), glutamate (NEWMAN & MCILWAIN, 1977), removal of extracellular calcium with EGTA (U. Schwabe, Y. Ohga & J. W. Daly, unpublished data), and in the presence of inhibitors of adenosine-uptake systems (HUANG & DALY, 1974a).


This article updates and revises Lady Bird Deeds: A Primer for the Texas Practitioner, Est. Plan. Develop. Tex. Prof. (January 2011).Many people think that the "Lady Bird" deed became known as such because President Johnson once used this type of deed to transfer property to his wife, "Lady Bird" Johnson. In reality, the first Lady Bird deed was drafted by Florida attorney Jerome Ira Solkoff around 1982, nearly ten years after the death of President Johnson. In his elder law book and lecture materials, Solkoff used a fictitious cast of characters with the names Linton, Lady Bird, Lucie, and Lynda in examples explaining the usefulness of this new type of deed, and the names became associated with the deed. Jerome's son, Scott Solkoff, jokes that the Lady Bird deed "could easily have become known as the 'Genghis Khan deed.'"Lady Bird deeds, more formally known as enhanced life estate deeds, allow the grantor to transfer property to beneficiaries while retaining a life estate in the property coupled with the power to sell, convey, or mortgage the property without the beneficiaries' consent. This article aims to educate estate planning professionals on the basics of Lady Bird deeds in Texas by discussing the different reasons one would want to use a Lady Bird deed (with emphasis on the use in the Medicaid context) and the alternatives to doing so. In addition, this article addresses some of the uncertainty surrounding, and concerns involved with, using Lady Bird deeds as part of an estate plan.


pected of terrorism can be whisked around the world on a jet in the blink of an eye. In another vein, Castronovo wonders if any of the mob disguised as American Indians who threw the tea shipment into Boston Harbor had "any thought . . . that colonists were playing Indian in more ways than one [i.e., the colonized East Indians who harvested the tea as well as Native Americans]" (107); "India as well as other conflicted zones within the imperium served as revolutionary relays, linking Americans to histories of worldwide struggle" (94). While I agree with Castronovo that new possibilities can be revealed through carrying the colonists' sense of imperial membership out to their extremes, such speculations need to be balanced with evidence. The radical rhetoric of Thomas Paine does not and cannot speak for American colonists in the main, despite his wild popularity. Colonistscumcitizens resumed the pleasures of the market— consumption, localism, and, in fact, tea drinking—as quickly as possible after the war. None took up the cause of Indian laborers, and very few, as many historians have noted, troubled themselves much about the fate of those other victims of imperial oppression: the enslaved. As a reader, I had a strong reaction to each of these books, as I have shared above, albeit for different reasons. But I must hasten to add that both books have done a service to the field of early North American studies in pushing our understandings of rumor, rhetoric, and, yes, propagandistic communications forward. This fascinating field, once opened, should continue to yield new insights and prompt new methods of analysis. We owe a debt to each of these authors for his work in this area.


Pointing out that language policy negotiations in classroom discourse are an understudied kind of "language-related episode", and proposing that Tim Ingold's notion of "meshwork" dissolves a boundary that typically encloses their analysis, this paper examines how a rich and indicative example of student group interaction on a British university campus in China becomes interwoven with multiple threads, including: different languages, Korean pop dance moves, coffee from the campus Starbucks, and the teacher's repeated attempts at English-Medium Instruction policy enforcement. Our example was discovered in corpus recordings of group activities during classes in English for Academic Purposes, then transcribed for embodied activity (primarily speech and gesture) and further explored in relation to the multiple threads which visibly and audibly became involved. Analysis of the episode shows how students' relational-languaging behaviours must negotiate, respond, and adapt to the policy enforcement, illustrating some of the tensions immanent to the transnational higher education experience.


Introduction Type 2 diabetes affects 3±6% of the adult populations in most countries and its prevalence increases with age up to 25±30% [1]. In addition, another 10±15% of adults have impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes usually coexists with a cluster of other major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Diabetes doubles the risk of CVD events and mortality [2], also in hypertensive patients who already have a high risk due to their high blood pressure [3]. Since many hypertensive patients have diabetes, this combination will account for a large proportion of the premature CVD morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients.


Kinetic characteristics of thermal energy storage (TES) using tetrabutylammonium acrylate (TBAAc) hydrate were experimentally evaluated for practical use as PCMs. Mechanical agitation or ultrasonic vibration was added to detach the hydrate adhesion on the heat exchanger, which could be a thermal resistance. The effect of the external forces also was evaluated by changing their rotation rate and frequency. When the agitation rate was 600 rpm, the system achieved TES density of 140 MJ/m3 in 2.9 hours. This value is comparable to the ideal performance of ice TES when its solid phase fraction is 45%. UA/V (U: thermal transfer coefficient, A: surface area of the heat exchange coil, V: volume of the TES medium) is known as an index of the ease of heat transfer in a heat exchanger. UA/V obtained in this study was comparable to that of other common heat exchangers, which means the equivalent performance would be available by setting the similar UA/V. In this study, we succeeded in obtaining practical data for heat storage by TBAAc hydrate. The data obtained in this study will be a great help for the practical application of hydrate heat storage in the future.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the U.S. food safety system and programs, and draw policy implications for Korea which now faces serious criticism from consumers. Following principles are important for the U.S. food safety system: 1) safe and wholesome food may be marketed; (2) regulatory decision-making in food safety be science-based; (3) the government`s enforcement responsibility; and, (5) the regulatory process be transparent and accessible to the public. The lessons we learn from the U.S. food safety system are: 1) strict management of import inspection system; 2) enforcement of preventive measures; 3) efficient management of food safety administration; and, 4) increasing responsibility of food manufacturer and distributors. In addition, enforcement of current food safety programs including, country of origin, HACCP, tracebility, etc be equally important for the effective implementation of food safety programs.


The research on oil-gas leak from the central drain pipe of floating-roof tank is of great significance for the timely formulation of reasonable emergency measures and the prevention of major accidents. A method for judging the leak of the central drain pipe was introduced. The influence of different leak locations on the alarm time after the leak of central drain pipe was analyzed through the numerical simulation. The simulation showed that the maximum difference between alarm times of the three leak locations was 1 308 s, which meant that the leak location had a greater impact on the alarm time. The feasibility of laser detection of oil-gas leak in central drain pipe was verified by using CH4 with a concentration of 10% instead of the oil-gas. The results show that the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology can be used to detect the oil-gas concentration in the leak alarm system of central drain pipe, which provides a certain reference meaning for the design of the leak alarm system of central drain pipe of floating-roof tank.


In this work, we consider the stabilized numerical solutions of optimal control problems of convection diffusion equation of this type of equations have been commonly studied in the literature. We use finite element method (FEM). Because of the viscosity term in the problem, the FEM solution blows up if Reynold number is large. In this case, the solution is unstabilized so that a stabilization technique is needed. As for stabilization technique, we apply both variational multiscale (VMS) and grad-div stabilization technique. The variational multiscale method is reviewed as a framework for developing computational methods for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow. Some of the most used numerical stabilization techniques for flow problems are streamline upwind Galerkin (SUPG) and pressure stabilization methods, large eddy simulation (LES) methods, and VMS methods. First of all, we obtain the optimality system. We then use FEM to obtain the discrete system. We obtain the theoretical stability results. We use the package freefem ++ to get the numerical results. We compare the stabilized solutions.


Atmospheric regions below a refractive boundary are hidden in limb observations. Refraction thus creates a gray continuum in the planet's transmission spectrum, which can hide spectral features associated with sources of atmospheric opacity. We combine refractive theory with recent analytical advances describing the effects of surfaces and clouds on transmission spectra, to express the location of this boundary in atmospheric opacity space, for both atomic and molecular extinction, as well as collision-induced absorption. This allows one to quickly estimate how refraction affects spectral features in well-mixed atmospheres. We show that differences in the geometry of limb observations between solar system planets and exoplanets lead to different locations of this boundary, and that more than four extra scale heights of atmosphere are hidden in exoplanet transits compared to solar system observations of cold gas giants. We explore how the location of this refractive boundary in exoplanet transits changes in a well-mixed isothermal atmosphere with its temperature and composition, the spectral type of the planet's host star, and the size of the planet. We demonstrate that five extra scale heights of atmosphere are hidden in a terrestrial planet with a CO2 atmosphere compared to a helium atmosphere, resulting in a flatter spectrum than from its smaller scale height alone. We provide results for a few exoplanets, notably those in the TRAPPIST-1 system, to help the scientific community estimate the impact of refraction on the size of spectral features without radiative transfer calculations, and thus help refine planned James Web Space Telescope observations.


This research examines several aspects of allometry in the postcranial skeleton of two South American tamarins Saguinus oedipus oedipus and Saguinus fuscicollis illigeri. The statistical method used for analyzing these groups is reduced major axis regression. Bivariate plots are used to qualitatively evaluate group differences, particularly in regard to differing ' ' locomotor behavior. The allometric variation in the postcrania of these two species is described. Finally, allometric comparisons between these groups are made. Heterochronic terminology is used to describe the allometric patterning. The most important result of this study is that geometric similarity was determined to exist between the groups. The comparisons support the contention that Saguinus oedipus oedipus is, in allometric terms, a geometrically "overgrown" Saguinus fuscicollis illigeri. Analysis of the bivariate plots reveal that significant differences in slope values between the species examined may be related to the documented anatomical locomotor variability exhibited by S.o.oedipus and S.f.illigeri.


An efficient photo-induced transition-metal-free direct hydrogen evolution and annulation of 2,3-diphenyl-4H-chromen-4-ones in EtOH–H2O (19 : 1, v/v) at room temperature was described. The reported methodology provided a quick and easy access to the synthesis of dibenzo[a,c]xanthen derivatives, which eliminates the use of any catalysts, oxidants and additives.


The article deals with the tendencies and problems of social partnership development in Russian cities. The main mechanisms of social partnership are analysed. The dynamics of different forms of social partnership is considered.


A crop variety trial typically yields a large number of data. A datamodel is needed to describe the structure of these data and to explain the meaning of the data. Without using an explicit datamodel it is impossible to interpret the data correctly. In addition, a datamodel offers the opportunity for discussion about the experimental methods and goals. A datamodel is described in terms of a formal language. This paper describes two alternative languages and their mutual relation, SFD and EXPRESS. We compare these languages and show that SFD can indeed be translated to EXPRESS descriptions. In addition we describe the construction of new, application specific layers on top of the standard data model language. Such a new layer consists of carefully chosen data model templates . By using data model templates the freedom of the datamodel designer is kept, yet data exchange and interpretation can be further supported.


BACKGROUND
Evidence on follow-up duration for patients with sporadic pheochromocytomas is absent and current guidelines of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and Endocrine Surgeons (AACE/AAES) and Endocrine Society (ES) are ambiguous about the appropriate duration of follow-up. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the recurrence rate of sporadic pheochromocytomas after curative adrenalectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed. A study was eligible if it included a clear report on the number of sporadic patients, recurrence rate and follow-up duration. Studies with an inclusion period before 1990, <2 years of follow-up, <10 patients and unclear data on sporadic nature of pheochromocytomas were excluded. A meta-analysis on recurrence was performed provided that the heterogeneity was low (I2 < 25%) or intermediate (I2 26-75%). Hozo's method was used to calculate weighted mean follow-up duration and weighted time to recurrence with combined standard deviations.

RESULTS
A total of 13 studies, including 430 patients, was included in the synthesis. The meta-analysis results describe a pooled recurrence rate after curative surgery of 3% (95%CI 2-6%, I2 = 0%) with a weighted mean time to recurrence of 49.4 months (SD = 30.7) and a weighted mean follow-up period of 77.3 months (SD = 32.2).

CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis shows a very low recurrence rate of 3%. Prospective studies, including economical and health effects of limited follow-up strategies for patients with truly sporadic pheochromocytomas should be considered.


Nowadays,university students have become a new unnegletable group in the tourist market as their cous- umption brought about new tourism growth.The study investigates the relationship between service quality,customer satisfaction and customer psychological empowerment.The 232 questionnaires were gathered from three universities in Guangzhou.The results show that customer psychological empowerment has three components,which are consumption competence,consumption self-determination and effect.Furthermore,customer psychological empowerment has direct or indirect impact on service quality and customer satisfaction.


Causality is a central concept in a wide range of research areas, yet there is still no universally agreed axiomatisation of causality. We view causality both as an extension of probability theory and as a study of \textit{what happens when one intervenes on a system}, and argue in favour of taking Kolmogorov's measure-theoretic axiomatisation of probability as the starting point towards an axiomatisation of causality. To that end, we propose the notion of a \textit{causal space}, consisting of a probability space along with a collection of transition probability kernels, called \textit{causal kernels}, that encode the causal information of the space. Our proposed framework is not only rigorously grounded in measure theory, but it also sheds light on long-standing limitations of existing frameworks including, for example, cycles, latent variables and stochastic processes.


Over the last 40–50 years companion animal vaccines have helped substantially to reduce the incidence of potentially fatal infectious diseases of dogs and cats (Appel 1999). Before the introduction of routine vaccination in the early 1960s, canine distemper was regularly encountered by
veterinarians. Nowadays, it is extremely unusual to see a case in most developed, temperate countries. Similarly, when canine parvoviral enteritis first appeared in the late 1970s it caused severe disease and death in both puppies and adult dogs (Pollock and Carmichael 1979). Nowadays,
parvoviral enteritis is seen much less frequently, and then almost invariably in young dogs that have been incompletely vaccinated. Infectious canine hepatitis and feline panleucopenia—two more diseases against which we routinely vaccinate—have also become very uncommon in many parts of
the world. In large part, vaccination should be given the credit for reducing the incidence of these life-threatening companion animal diseases.

Why then, in recent years, have our companion animal vaccination protocols come in for so much scrutiny? Why have some leading veterinary associations and hospitals around the world decided to advocate and practice less frequent revaccination of adult dogs and cats (against some diseases) than some vaccine manufacturers still recommend? The answer to this question comes in two main parts, the first concerning the safety of companion animal vaccines and the second the duration of immunity induced by modern companion animal vaccines. In this article, I shall aim to review arguments for and against regular, frequent revaccination of adult dogs and cats. At the end of the article, I shall offer some recommendations.


The possibility of creation of new film-forming materials with improved non-optical properties (such as adhesion to a substrate, mechanical stress, hardness, etc.) is considered.


Collecting ASP(active server pages) resources is the basis of accessing control of applications based on ASP.A fine-grained resource collecting algorithm is proposed that can extract information of the HTML tags,script slots and component resources by anal-yzing ASP pages.Implementation of the algorithm is tested and the result is analyzed.This algorithm supports fine-grained accessing control of resources based on ASP pages and performs high precision and recall.


The Multiscale Mutual Model Entropy algorithm is presented to quantify the coupling degree between two EEG time series collected at the same time on different scales. We extracted the characteristics of EEG signals from the healthy and epileptics based on the algorithm. The results show that the entropy value of healthy people is higher than that of epileptics. And with the increase of scale, the difference in entropy value between them is more obvious. It indicates that Multiscale Mutual Entropy can distinguish the coupling difference between normal samples and case samples, which is significant for the clinical pathological assessment and brain disease diagnosis.


The paper describes a Java based system for allocating simulation trials to a set of P parallel processors for carrying out a simulation study involving direct-search optimization or response surface methodology. Unlike distributed simulation, where a simulation model is decomposed and its parts run in a parallel environment, the parallel replications approach allows a simulation model to run to completion with a unique set of input conditions. Since a simulation study typically involves executing R replications of the model at each of S sets of input conditions, the server's task in managing a parallel replications approach is to allocate the RS x simulation trials to P client processors in a manner that balances the workload on those processors. The objective is to complete the simulation study in a time interval approaching 1/P of that which would be required of a single processor operating in a purely sequential mode. Results are reported for several Silk based simulation models run in a Visual Cafe environment for Java.


PE Is universally defined as hypertension and significant proteinuria developed at or after 20 weeks of pregnancy in an otherwise normotensive woman . PE having an increased risk for thrombosis. A prospective case control study was conducted in Bahri and Omdurman Maternity Hospital-Khartoum state; in a period of June to Nov 2017. Pregnant women's who admitted into the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology or attended at antenatal care unit, were enrolled in the study. A total of 100 pregnant women's; among them 50 patients with either mild or sever PE and 50 normal pregnancies as controls. Citrated venous blood samples were collected from each subject; platelet poor plasma was separated for measurement of prothombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) level using semi-automated analyzer also d dimer using ichrome .In the present study the mean of APTT and d dimer were found to be (42.23 ±6.47, 34.01 ± 4.80), (1751.69 ±1978.63, 294.12 ±101.49) of PE to normal pregnant respectively and (P; 0.00). While mean of PT, TT were found to be (15.20 ±2.2, 14.43 ± 1.60),(17.06 ±1.29,16.54 ±1.13) (P;0.54 ; 0.36 ) of PE to normal pregnant respectively. The APTT and d dimer increase in PE compared with normal pregnant, while there were no difference in PT and TT among two group in spite of it is prolonged level within majority of PE.


In this paper, we study biometrics and healthcare system using electromyogram (EMG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Most people use smart devices for convenient life and they should be authenticated to access their devices. In this course, people should give their bio-signals to the devices inevitably. Here we use EMG signal for biometrics and ECG signal for heart disease detection. The EMG and ECG signals are a bio-signal that measures the potential difference generated by muscles and heart through the skin of the body surface, respectively. Using the EMG signal for biometrics improves the security of visual exposure. However, the EMG signals show various shapes by muscular strength and which muscles are used. For designing robust biometrics using EMG signal, a set of useful features is extracted and the features enter long short-term memory for training the network. For heart disease detection using ECG signals the signals are transformed into an image and the image is used to train a convolutional neural network. Publicly opened datasets of EMG and ECG signals are used for the experiment and the performance is compared by some parameter changes.


The arsenic drinking water standard has been an issue for over fifty years and a hot debate topic since 1977. The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 require the Environmental Protection Agency to promulgate a proposed regulation by January 1, 2000, and a final National Primary Drinking Water Regulation by January 1, 2001. This comment examines the health benefit and cost issues for various Maximum Contaminant Levels of arsenic exposure and some of the social and environmental consequences of setting the standard too low. The author proposes three alternatives for the proposed rule and concludes that the present standard of 50 lgl should not be lowered.


Scaling behaviour of an order parameter and its fluctuations is numerically investigated at the onset of macroscopic mutual entrainment in a population of interacting self-oscillators. In particular, evidence is presented for the power law divergence of the fluctuations with exponents near 1/8. Finite-size scaling forms are also proposed and verified.


The single-gimbal control moment gyros (SGCMGs) steering law has been a standing topic in the field of spacecraft attitude control for several decades. A practical steering law should meet the following requirements simultaneously: powerful singularity avoidance ability, high precision torque output ability and fast singularity escape ability. Moreover, the angular velocity commands generated by the steering law should not jitter sharply. In this paper, a vector control-based singularity avoidance and escape steering law for SGCMGs is proposed to satisfy these goals. In addition, a system angular momentum state evaluation function for command torque is defined for the first time, which can be used to effectively evaluate the remaining angular momentum resources for the command torque. We demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed steering law with detailed comparisons to existing efforts.


Novelty detection system is used to extract documents with new or novel information from list of documents. Without looking for lot of redundant information, we can get useful information in a limited time. Cosine similarity and Language modeling are the two emerging techniques of information retrieval in today's scenario. The current study performs the analysis and comparison between these two models. Keywords Cosine similarity, Information retrieval, Language modeling, Novelty detection, Smoothing


This paper describes the establishment,field observations,data processing in office,and the adjusted calculation and precision analysis of the Yangzhou E-class GPS plane control network.


Optical and nonlinear optical properties of LiB3O5 single crystals grown from a molten solution were investigated. Experiments yielded the directions along which phase-matched generation of the second and third harmonics of garnet laser radiation was possible. The parameters of generation of the second harmonic of YAG laser radiation were determined at room temperature and at a temperature of noncritical phase matching. The experimental results were used to determine the mutual orientation of crystallographic and crystallophysical coordinate systems.


Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a type of disorder could have serious effects on the mother, the baby, and other family members, given the contradictory results of the previous studies about the effect of education programs, aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of educational programs on postpartum depression in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: English electronic information databases such as Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched until February 2018. In addition, Iran doc, Barakatskns, Magiran, Medlib, SID, and google scholar were searched using equivalent keywords in Persian until February 2018. Cochrane Q test (p Results: The finding of the Meta –analysis indicate that education interventions was found to be more effective and could significantly improve postpartum depression (Standard Mean division (SMD) =1.44; P<0.001; Confidence Interval [CI] =0.595 to 2.40; Heterogeneity p<0.001; I2=87%). The funnel plot appears asymmetric with an outlier study.  However, this finding was not confirmed by Egger's test that was nonsignificant (p=0.262), and show no asymmetry. The level of depression was lower in women receiving problem-solving skills in compared to who received no  intervention (SMD =1.83; P<0.001);  the level of depression  showed a significant boredeline decline in women receiving Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy compared to those who did not receive intervention (SMD =1.20; P=0.089). Conclusion: Based on the finding of the current meta-analysis, it can be said that educational programs that teaches Mindfulness-based cognitive and problem-solving skills can improve of postpartum depression.


The ornithischia and its sister group, the Saurischia, comprise the Dinosauria. Ornithischians (Weishampel, 2004) are a diverse group of primarily quadrupedal herbivores that include such familiar dinosaurs as the armored stegosaurs and ankylosaurs (Thyreophora), as well as the duckbilled hadrosaurs, pachycephalosaurs, and ceratopsians (Cerapoda). the Ceratopsia (You and Dodson, 2004) includes a number of relatively small basal forms such as psittacosaurs and Neoceratopsia, which comprises protoceratopsids and the larger, more derived horned Ceratopsidae.


Graphene has attracted intensive interests from broad areas of chemistry, physics, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's thermoelectric (TE) applications has engendered a larg...


The reliable characterization of planetary atmospheres with transmission spectroscopy requires realistic modeling of stellar magnetic features, since features that are attributable to an exoplanet atmosphere could instead stem from the host star's magnetic activity. Current retrieval algorithms for analyzing transmission spectra rely on intensity contrasts of magnetic features from 1D radiative–convective models. However, magnetic features, especially faculae, are not fully captured by such simplified models. Here we investigate how well such 1D models can reproduce 3D facular contrasts, taking a G2V star as an example. We employ the well-established radiative magnetohydrodynamic code MURaM to obtain three-dimensional simulations of the magnetoconvection and photosphere harboring a local small-scale dynamo. Simulations without additional vertical magnetic fields are taken to describe the quiet solar regions, while simulations with initially 100 G, 200 G, and 300 G vertical magnetic fields are used to represent facular regions of different magnetic flux density. Subsequently, the spectra emergent from the MURaM cubes are calculated with the MPS-ATLAS radiative transfer code. We find that the wavelength dependence of facular contrast from 1D radiative–convective models cannot reproduce facular contrasts obtained from 3D modeling. This has far-reaching consequences for exoplanet characterization using transmission spectroscopy, where accurate knowledge of the host star is essential for unbiased inferences of the planetary atmospheric properties.


1 Saveetha Dental College, Chennai -77 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Reader, Department of orthodontics, Saveetha dental college, Chennai -77 ABSTRACT AIM: The aim of study is to determine the level of awareness to orthodontic treatment among female population. OBJECTIVES: A cross sectional questionnaire study was conducted to determine the awareness towards orthodontic treatment among female patients reporting to dental clinic . MATERIALS AND METHOD: 60 female patients reporting to the dental clinic were requested to complete the questions based on which the status of awareness of orthodontic treatment was evaluated. A structured questionnaire comprising of multiple choice questions, was self-administered to assess their knowledge and attitude towards orthodontic treatment. The responses received through these questionnaires were tabulated and the data obtained were analyzed by using statistical data. RESULT: This study will be helpful in creating awareness about orthodontic treatment among female patients in the population.


Abstract Objective. To determine predictors associated with the permanent transition to nursing homes among home care recipients with dementia. Methods. Retrospective cohort study (01/2007-12/2012). Study participants (n=48,338) include older adults age 65+ with dementia who received home health services in NYS for at least 2 months prior to permanent transition to nursing homes. Permanent transition is defined as discharge from a home care agency to a nursing home where participants must reside for 3+ months continuously. Two data sets were used—the Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to quantify the association between predictors and permanent transition to nursing homes. Results: 29% of home care recipients with dementia made permanent transitions to nursing homes. The mean age was 83 years old ranging from 65-111. Among the permanent transition group, 47% were age 85+, 68% female, 75% white, 13% black, 9% Hispanic, 29% with both urinary & bowel incontinence, and 15% with depression. Risk factors associated with permanent transition included increasing age (OR=1.1; 95% CI 1.03-1.18); being white (OR =1.25; 95%CI 0.83-0.94) compared to black, urinary and bowel incontinence vs. continence (OR=1.46; 95% CI 1.37-1.56); depression vs. no depression (OR=1.2; 95% CI 1.11-1.25); hip fracture vs. no hip fracture (OR=2.63; 95% CI 2.27-3.05), and 3+ hospitalizations vs. no hospitalization (OR=3.02; 95% CI 2.77-3.29). Conclusion: Two potential modifiable risk factors related to permanent transition to nursing homes are depression and incontinence. Early diagnosis and treatment may delay or avert nursing home entry.


Bone plate is provided with a fixing hole to the bone plate through the bottom surface from the top surface, wherein the fixing hole is to extend through at least a portion of the thickness of the plate, and the first weakening of the bone plate combination of the first plate relief remote from the fixing hole defining a portion (the first plate relief, said are extending surrounds around the circumference section of the fixing hole), the therethrough Te is cut screw as fixedly receive so as to correspond to the threaded head of the bone anchoring element, the size adjustment is formed. .Field


ABSTRACT Culinology® is the blending of culinary arts and food technology (RCA, 2010). As of 2016, there are 16 RCA-approved Culinology® degree programs, but there has been no research conducted on the effectiveness of the Culinology® competencies in preparing graduates for employment in the food product development industry. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Culinology® core competencies prepared graduates for successful employment in the food industry. A sequential explanatory design was used for this research. In the first stage, a survey was used to measure the graduates' and employers' perceptions of the importance and frequency of use for each competency. In the second stage, interviews with selected graduates and employers were conducted to gain more insight on the results of the first stage. The results indicated that a gap existed between what the employers and graduates perceived as the most important competency, and graduates are not fully prepared for employment in the food product development industry.


In Swedish Church history the 17th and early 18th centuries are commonly referred to as the Lutheran orthodoxy. During this period rules for regimental services and prayers where prescribed in the military regulations. From 1611 to 1648 six prayer books for the Swedish army were published; three designed for common use in regimental prayers, and three for soldiers' personal reading. It is remarkable that no prayer books for the army were published from 1649 to 1721 – a period when Sweden was engaged in several wars. This, I mean, is primarily due to the emergence of prayers for army use in other sources, most important being the military articles of 1683 and the hymn book of 1695. Descriptions of regimental prayers and soldiers' reading are scarce in the historical sources. One officer briefly describes how regimental prayers were conducted on the eve of battle on two occasions. Another officer mentions how troopers read their own prayer books shortly after the battle of Poltava in 1709. The most interesting source is a detailed instruction from 1715 on how regimental prayers were to be conducted. This consisted primarily of the saying of several prayers, added only by singing of hymns and a concluding blessing. These findings underline the great importance of prayer during the Lutheran orthodoxy.


A formalism is developed for using geometric probability techniques to evaluate interaction energies arising from a general radial potential V(r12), where r12=|r2−r1|. The integrals that arise in calculating these energies can be separated into a radial piece that depends on r12 and a nonradial piece that describes the geometry of the system, including the density distribution. We show that all geometric information can be encoded into a "radial density function" G(r12;ρ1,ρ2), which depends on r12 and the densities ρ1 and ρ2 of two interacting regions. G(r12;ρ1,ρ2) is calculated explicitly for several geometries and is then used to evaluate interaction energies for several cases of interest. Our results find application in elementary particle, nuclear, and atomic physics.


The invention relates to a composite material comprising the successive layers of at least one layer (a) a polymer-based material (s), at least one layer (b) a polymer-based material ( s) highly crosslinked having a volume resistivity less than 30 ohm * cm, and at least one layer (c) made of metal.


Co–Ni alloy superlattices with a periodic composition modulation of Co were electrodeposited on a Cu plate using 0.3 and 0.35 MHz rectangular pulse currents. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the Co content in the Co-Ni atomic layers electrodeposited at 0.3 MHz was approximately two times higher than that at 0.35 MHz. The Co–Ni alloy superlattices were comprised of unit lattices with high and low Co content atomic layers. The X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the Co–Ni alloy superlattices had face-centered cubic crystal structures, and one Bragg diffraction peak from the Co–Ni alloy superlattice was observed in the small-angle X-ray scattering region. The lattice constants of the unit lattices were shown to be controlled by the number of Co–Ni atomic layers with either high or low Co contents.


In 1960 the development of resistance to chlorinated insecticides in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, required the evaluation of other insecticides with different modes of action. Although several workers, including Robinson and Arant (1931) and Searls (1928), have reared Diabrotica species for life-history studies, none of their methods is suitable for mass rearing. To provide insects for laboratory evaluation of newer insecticides, a method was developed in this laboratory in 1960 for mass rearing of the western spotted cucumber beetle, D. undecimpunctata undeimpuctata Mannerheim, which is closely related to the corn rootworm and is locally available. A continuous culture of this species has been maintained successfully since 1960. This report describes its life history, development, and mass-rearing method.


We report on the observation of two Feshbach resonances in collisions between ultracold $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms in their respective hyperfine ground states $\ensuremath{\mid}F,{m}_{F}⟩=\ensuremath{\mid}1∕2,1∕2⟩$ and \ensuremath{\mid}1,1⟩. The resonances show up as trap losses for the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ cloud induced by inelastic Li-Rb-Rb three-body collisions. The magnetic field values where they occur represent important benchmarks for an accurate determination of the interspecies interaction potentials. A broad Feshbach resonance located at $1066.92\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$ opens interesting prospects for the creation of ultracold heteronuclear molecules. We furthermore observe a strong enhancement of the narrow $p$-wave Feshbach resonance in collisions of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms at $158.55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$ in the presence of a dense $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ cloud. The effect of the $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ cloud is to introduce Li-Li-Rb three-body collisions occurring at a higher rate than Li-Li-Li collisions.


In this paper the interaction between several users with an energy provider is considered. The users are equipped with smart meters, and also smart meters are connected to the energy consumption controller unit. In this case a smart power infrastructure is formed that connects the users to the energy provider. This paper proposes a real time pricing algorithm based on income maximization for the future smart grid. As the main goal in demand response management (DRM) is to solve the energy provider's benefit function optimization problem in a way that the satisfaction of consumers can also be achieved, in our proposed algorithm it is assumed that in the first step users optimize their consumption level by solving their welfare optimization problem and then based on the aggregation of users' optimum demand the energy provider offers the new prices by solving its Income Based Objective function(IBO). Also by solving the IBO the optimum required capacity between two time slots is evaluated. Moreover, the effect of changing the number of users on the average load as well as the generating capacity has also been investigated over comparison with previously proposed Utility Based Objective function (UBO) algorithm.


A strategically located seaport contributes immensely to the overall economic development of the region. This paper studies the Indian Sub-Continent container sea borne trade and attempts to find the factors contributing to the growth and development of container hub seaports in the region. The ports of Colombo, Vallarpadam, Vizhinjam and Enayam are compared in terms of potentiality, implication and benefits. Transshipment port identification, development and selection involves a huge variety of decisions based on complex information, cognitive and social constraints. These decisions impact the economy of the nation and the regions involved. The factors that influence these decisions and ultimately operational processes are an intriguing field of study and an attempt is made to discuss their influence in the development and growth of the four ports considered in this paper. The study is visualized to provide information to all stake holders involved in the port development decision making process and to highlight the overall impact to the sub – continent.


The purpose of this article is to develop and test an invariant of the basic model of the emotionally-valuable component (EVC) of the content of foreign-language education, allowing the implementation of this component at a primary stage in a secondary school (grades 2–4) * . The leading approach to the study is emotionally-valuable, the methods are systemic-structural, comparative, organizational-functional; designing, modelling; experimental teaching; mathematical statistics; tabular and graphical representation of information. The use of the presented complex of complementary methods allowed us to solve all the problems of the study, namely: to present the concept of a foreign-language text of emotionally-valuable content; to select a specific type of such texts for inclusion in the model of the EVC in the conditions of primary foreign-language education; to describe the techniques of working with texts of emotionallyvaluable contents at a primary stage in a secondary school and, finally, to design and test the model of the EVC, adapted to the conditions of teaching a foreign language in a primary school. The results of the study prove the expediency of including the EVC in the component structure of the content of foreign-language education and the construction of its models not only for a primary level, but, in in perspective, for all stages of school foreign-language education. The novelty of the work consists in the substantiation of the author's concept of the EVC as the basis for the introduction of the emotionally-valuable approach in the practice of school-foreign language education.


To investigate the role of metallic elements in motor neuron disease (MND), we used a photon‐excited, energy‐dispersive x‐ray analytical system to measure the metal content of muscle biopsies from 21 patients with MND and compared the results with those obtained from biopsies from neurologically diseased control patients matched for age, sex, and muscle biopsied.


Artificial gravity in spacecraft and orbital stations is considered as prophylactic method for preventing disorders under weightlessness conditions and for readaptation of astronauts to the gravity of earth. The creation of 0.28 to 0.31 g artificial gravity during weightlessness is adequate to orient the human body in space, to preserve movement coordination, as well as to maintain the necessary level of certain physiological indices. This range of artificial weightiness can be reached by various angular accelerations of the satellite rotation as a function of the radius or orientation.


Melatonin exhibits remarkable potential as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic agent. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin on sepsis-induced lung and liver injuries in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation to induce sepsis. Melatonin (30 mg/ kg) was administered intraperitoneally at 0, 3, 6 and 12 hours after CLP treatment. Melatonin significantly improved survival and ameliorated histopathological damage of lung and liver in the CLP-challenged rats. Melatonin retarded CLP-caused deleterious hemodynamic changes of the rats, including hypotension, tachycardia, and hyporeactivity to norepinephrine. Moreover, melatonin alleviated CLP-induced pulmonary and hepatic dysfunction. Melatonin reduced CLP-increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, high mobility group protein box 1, and nitric oxide (NO). The myeloperoxidase activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and NO level in the lung and liver of CLP-insulted rats were markedly suppressed by melatonin. Melatonin attenuated CLP-triggered oxidative stress, as shown by the reduction of malondialdehyde, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and elevation of glutathione content. In addition, melatonin inhibited CLP-induced pulmonary and hepatic cell apoptosis by reducing caspase-3 activity, downregulating the pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expression, and upregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and phosphorylated-Akt levels. Taken together, melatonin effectively attenuated CLP-induced septic lung and liver damages via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties and may be a novel agent in the therapy of sepsis-caused multiple organ failure.


In this essay I analyze first and foremost the Swedish organization "Svensk Israel-information" but also, secondary, the Swedish organization "Palestinagrupperna i Sverige". The theory I use is framing theory and especially Robert M. Entmans definition of framing from 1993. In this theory Entman introduce four questions which I use in the analysis: problem definition, underlying causes, moral judgement and suggestion of remedy. Methodologically the study is mainly a qualitative text analysis but also, secondary, a comparative study. The material consists of articles from – what concerns Svensk Israel-information – their web-based newsletter, and – what concerns Palestinagrupperna – their blog on internet. In the result I find out that Svensk Israel-information in main parts focus upon problem definition – the disproportionate criticism of Israel, and the underlying causes to this – lack of knowledge. The moral judgement (democracy, state governed by law) and suggestion of remedy (peace) present no surprises. Palestinagrupperna is also in main part parts focused upon problem definition – oppression of the Palestinians, and underlying causes – Israeli occupation.


Variable energy X-ray imaging technology is an important method to realize the internal information detection of large thickness ratio targets This method can use the gradually changing tube voltage to obtain the trans-illumination sub-graphs of different thickness regions in the workpiece and then the high dynamic range digital image which can completely represent the structural information of the workpiece is realized by fusion However due to the limited dynamic range of the display device the details in the fused high dynamic range X-ray image cannot be displayed effectively In view of the above problem we use the characteristic that one X-ray image mainly shows the information of a mutation structure and propose the algorithm based on nonlinear enhancement of image gradients This algorithm uses the gray-scale change information in the enhanced image to achieve image enhancement and meanwhile is combined with the multi-resolution characteristics of the image to realize the enhancement and fusion of gradient images with different resolution levels and thus the retention and enhancement of structural information with different degrees of change are realized Finally the experiment is designed to image a large thickness ratio target by variable energy X-ray and to enhance the fused high dynamic range image The results show that this method can be used to effectively enhance the structural information of a high dynamic range


Nowadays, the most commonly used configuration to supply high-speed trains is 2 × 25 kV power supply system. The location of ground faults in 2 × 25 kV power supply systems is a difficult task, since the use of distance protection relays to localize ground faults positions doesn't work properly as the relation between the distance and the impedance seen by the distance protection relays is not linear and therefore the location is not accurate enough. A new simple and economical method to identify the subsection between autotransformers (ATS) and the conductor (positive or negative) where the ground fault is happening, based on the comparison of the angle between the current and the voltage of the positive terminal in each autotransformer, was developed recently. Consequently, after the identification of the subsection and the conductor with the ground fault, only this subsection where the ground fault is present, will be quickly removed from service, with the minimum effect on rail traffic. The high-speed trains demand a power about 12–16 MW, hence a significant current flow through the conductors of the 2 × 25 kV power system. This paper presents a study about the influence of the current consumed by the high-speed trains on this novel ground fault identification method. The operation of the method is correct even with the high-speed train currents in the section with a ground fault. This fact has been validated through numerous computer simulations, obtaining excellent results. ABSTRACT Electrification systems applied to railway systems have high complexity to achieve the optimum in several terms. These terms could be separated in energy supply and budget costs, such as direct and indirect costs, all of them derived from the implantation of the electrification system along the railway line. Starting from the experience in several projects carried out in CITEF (Railway Research Center in Technical University of Madrid), a new research way has grown up. The main goal has been an expert system, which is able to improve substantially the design process of power supply systems in railways, such as in AC as DC. Bearing in mind the specific constraints in terms of budget and electric standards, the expert system is able to determine a set of possible design scenarios. Each of them has the number, type and location for the main elements (catenary, substation, autotransformer, etc.). In this article a step forward is presented. This new step would apply a better way to choose between elements, hence taking into account the relationship between lifecycle versus element cost or losses avoided in the infrastructure. This has been applied to the main elements like traction substations, autotransformers, catenary and impact on maintenance and environmental zones. This new concept for evaluation has been integrated in the objective functions. These functions are the managers for the guidance of the optimization method, in this case genetic algorithm AMGA-II, in order to achieve the final Pareto Front. This Pareto Front contains the several possibilities which the designers must evaluate to accomplish their goals to power supply system.


The invention aims to provide a paster for treating dental ulcer and a preparation method thereof. Aiming at the defects of the existing dental ulcer preparation, the oral paster containing L-glutamine and sodium azulenesulfonate has the advantages of simple preparation process, stable drug release, durable action to ulcer position and remarkable curative effect.


Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with ten homo- or bisexual female athletes, the aim of the study was to investigate how norms connected to gender and sexuality were produced and reprodu ...


Background: The elderly population is large in general and growing due to advancement of health care facilities. These people are faced with numerous physical, psychological and social role changes that challenge their sense of self and capacity to live happily. Many people experience depression in old age, either as a result of living alone or due to lack of close family ties and reduced connections with their culture of origin, which results in an inability to actively participate in the community activities. Aim: To find out prevalence of depression in older adults living in old age homes. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in two old age home in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. Eighty participants living at old age home in the age group of 60 to 85 years were included in this study. The elderly persons were contacted personally and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) questionnaire was administered in their local language. Results: The prevalence of depression in older adults living in old age home was 53.75%. An increase in depression cases was found as the age increases e.g. Young old (47.92%), Mid old (57.69%) and Old old (83.33%). Percentage of depression in females (58.82%) was more than men (44.83%). Percentage of depression according to marital status was found higher in widows/ widowers (67.57%) followed by divorcee/ separated (63.63%) than in people living with spouse (33.33%) and never married (40%). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was higher in elderly living in old age home. Percentage of depression in females was more than men and found to be increasing with increase in age.


The invention relates to optical equipment, in particular to visual performance optimization rehabilitation training equipment. The equipment comprises a support frame, a working frame, a special optometry disk, a view screen, a view screen guide rail, a sighting mark controller and a guide rail column; the support frame comprises a quadrate table surface, support legs are arranged under the table surface, an optometry disk guide column and a guide rail bracket are arranged on the table surface, and one edge, parallel to the table surface, of the optometry disk guide column is movably connected with the other edge; the working frame is arranged at a position, close to the optometry disk guide column, on the table surface; and the special optometry disk is connected under the edge, parallel to the table surface, of the optometry disk guide column and is close to the working frame. One end of the view screen guide rail is fixedly connected with the guide rail bracket, while the other end is fixedly connected with the top of the guide rail column. The guide rail column is supported on the table surface or the ground; the special optometry disk is characterized in that a disk-shaped sleeve lens is arranged in a universal optometry disk visual hole; the view screen is arranged under the view screen guide rail and can move along the view screen guide rail; and sighting marks are displayed on the view screen.


In the past decade, global competition are forcing firms to increase their level of outsourcing for raw or semi-finished products and building long term relationship with their supply chain partners. The objective is to present a wide-ranging decision making technique for ranking supplier alternatives in view of the effect of selected criteria. A proposed method is developed aiming the usage of Fuzzy-Rasch model applying five point Likert scale for criteria weight and Grey based COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS-G) method for evaluating and ranking the potential alternatives, as per criteria. The applicability of the induced methodology for supplier selection problem in all environments is shown through a case study in telecommunication sector. A sensitivity analysis is performed based on changing weight patterns of criteria to show the stability in ranking result of the proposed approach. Further, a comparative analysis between the ranking results of proposed method done with existing grey multi-attribute decision-making methods viz. VIKOR-G, ARAS-G and TOPSIS-G using spearman's correlation coefficient for checking the reliability of the ranking result.


In order to enliance the implantability of the esternallycoupled transcutaneous energy transmission system (ECTETS). efficiencies in various parts of the circuit system were improved to reduce heat dissipation. As a result. a DCto-DC energy transmission efficiency of 85% or more was obtained in an in vifro experiment conducted at a power output of 19W. In the in vivo measurement of this improved ECTETS with the internal coil and the rectifier circuit implanted under the slun of a living goad. a DC-to-DC energy transmission efficiency of 82% or more was obtained. Fluctuation of efficiency due to movement of the body was found to be less than 0.5%. When this improved ECTETS is used with the totally implantable electrohydraulic artificial lieart with an overflow mock circulatory system connected as a load. the pump output flow at a changing heart rate was found to be 4.4-7.0L/min (50-110bpm). For continuous operation at 70bpm. the DC-to-DC energy transmission efficiency was 81% or more, the pump output flow was 6.2L/min. and the temperature in the part of implantation was lower tlu 4I0C, a temperature that can hardly affect a living body.


Defect review inspection on a new generation semiconductor wafer needs higher resolving power without compromising throughput. According to the ITRS roadmap [1], non-destructive and production worthy wafer microscopy for critical dimension measurement for defect detection and analysis, is required. Difficulties of defect-detection challenge are increasing exponentially with shrinking design rules [2]. Optical methods and electron beams are conventionally used for semiconductor wafer inspection [3]. However, the inability of the Resolving Power Improvement for Optical Nano-Defect Measurement by using Sub-Pixel Sampling based on Structured Illumination Shift Method


Urban Indian women aged 35 and above are victim of health risks due to sedentary lifestyles, rich food and lack of exercise. Obesity is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. It is estimated that there are more than 300 million obese people worldwide. Automation has replaced most of the women's household works. According to All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, reveals that 50 per cent of women and 40 per cent of men aged 35 and above are overweight and it leads to chronic heart diseases, diabetes and high blood pressure. Overweight and obesity are the major cause for the ill-health of Muslim women. The aim and objectives are: to analyze the socio-economic and demographic background; to estimate the livelihood conditions and dietary habits and to discuss the health status and health problems. Kumbakonam was chosen as the study area to investigate the Muslim women health and livelihood conditions. There is an urgent need to impress upon the need for developing physical health among Muslim women. Considerably, the Muslim populations were living in Kumbakonam Town as well as surrounding regions. The data were collected from the 400 respondents by questionnaire survey and transformed into SPSS. As much as 55 Variables were drawn from the data structure possibly covering socio-economic, demographic, environmental, diet survey and anthropometric measurements (BMI and Waist to Hip Ratio) based on random sampling procedure. Factor analysis was employed and six most important dimensions are drawn to facilitate easy interpretation of variables. The present study, Socio-economic conditions, Physical inactivity, Dietary habits, Health risks, Physical constraints and mental stress are the major influencing dimensions of Muslim women health in Kumbakonam Town. According to BMI 19.5 per cent were overweight 26.0 per cent of them were under risk of obese conditions. Waist to Hip Ratio shows that and 98.8 per cent of them were at high risk. Eighty per cent of them were eating non-vegetarian food four times in a week. 84.7 per cent were having health problems and 81.5 per cent of women were started to tackle the health problems.


Post‐donation kidney function has not been well characterized in the Southeast Asian population. We studied a retrospective cohort of 174 living kidney donors at Singapore General Hospital between 1976 and 2012, evaluated patterns of change in kidney function using quantile regression analysis and investigated for predictors of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min per 1.73m2. Median follow‐up time (range) was 7.8 (0.1–33.8) years following donor nephrectomy.


If viable, DER justifies certain individual acts that–by definition–have two effects. Presumably, it would in some fashion (at the very least, redundantly) justify policies concerning the very same acts. By contrast, acts that sometimes have a good effect and sometimes have a bad effect do not have the requisite two effects such that DER can justify them immediately. Yet, a policy concerning numerous such acts would have the requisite good and bad effects. For while any one such act would lack the relevant two effects, a series of such acts and a policy governing such a series would have them. This paper addresses DER's justification of policies that apply to such acts. It shows that there are certain acts which DER mediately justifies by justifying policies (having the requisite two effects) concerning them. Thus, it recommends the larger topic of DER's bearing on policy.


We show a conformal spectral estimate for the Dirac operator on a non-conformally-flat Riemannian spin manifolds of dimension n ≥ 7. The estimate is a spinorial analogue to an estimate by Aubin which solved the Yamabe problem for the above manifolds. Using Hijazi's inequality our estimate implies Aubin's estimate. More exactly, let M be a compact manifold of dimension n ≥ 7 equipped with a Riemannian metric g and a spin structure σ. Assume that M is not conformally flat. Let λ + 1 (˜ g) be the smallest positive eigenvalue of the Dirac operator D on M with respect to a metric˜g conformal to g. We define λ + min (M, g, σ) := inf˜g∈[g] λ + 1 (˜ g)Vol(M, ˜ g) 1/n. In this article we show λ + min (M, g, σ) < λ + min (S n) = n 2 Vol(S n) 1 n. Applying this inequality to a conformally invariant functional containing the Dirac operator, one can rule out that a minimizing sequence concentrates somewhere. We obtain applications to conformal spectral theory and to a nonlinear partial differential equation with a critical nonlinearity.


In this study, the effects of various hosts on adults of Chrysomela populi L. and C.tremulae F. (Col.:Chrysomelidae), important poplar pests in Central Anatolia Region, were investigated. The studies were carried on four hosts ( Populus nigra L., P. x euramericana (Dode) Guiner, P. alba L. and Salix babylonica L.) at 24±1°C and 65±5 % R.H. and 18 h photoperiod. Average total number of eggs laid by each female was found to change between 32.90-989.18 in C.populi , and between 571.80-1320.10 in C.tremulae . The life longevity was found to change between average 45.00-54.18 and 2.67-106.70 days in the females, 48.30-71.70 and 91.96-123.68 days in the males in C.populi and C.tremulae , respectively. Fertility tables of females of the two species were made for different hosts, and biological parameters were determined. Studies showed that P. x euramericana was sensitive and P.alba was resistant for both species if only the poplar species were taken in hand.


Taking as a starting point the nowadays evident role of media in the process of forming public opinion, our article focuses on the function performed in it by the title pages of periodicals. The analysis of their iconic and textual message (based on the covers of French magazines concerning the so-called affaire DSK) allows to state that it mainly serves the purpose of building up emotions in the receiver, which eventually is meant to achieve a certain persuasive effect


We present a high performance and low power FIR filter design, which is based on computation sharing multiplier (CSHM). CSHM specifically targets computation re-use in vector-scalar products and is effectively used in our FIR filter design. Efficient circuit level techniques: a new carry select adder and conditional capture flip-flop (CCFF), are also used to further improve power and performance. The proposed FIR filter architecture was implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m technology. Experimental results on a 10 tap low pass CSHM FIR filter show speed and power improvement of 19% and 17%, respectively, with respect to an FIR filter based on the Wallace tree multiplier.


Abstract The absorption wavelengths of methoxy substituted 3,3-diarylnaphtho[2,1-b]pyrans in the open and closed forms were calculated and compared to observed values. The observed and calculated absorption wavelengths showed good correlation. The molecular geometries were minimized and electronic spectra were calculated using ZINDO methods.


the socialist construction of new rural areas is a great systematic project.This paper systematically expounds that in this great project,mianchi County Party Committee persists in making overall plans by taking all factors into consideration from the following five aspects--developing production, making a rich life, creating a civilized rural atmosphere, taking on a clean rural look, imlemeting democratic management so that Mianchi county has made great achievements in the new rural areas construction.


ABSTRACT Peptide signaling in plants is involved in regulating development,1,2 ensuring cross pollination through initiation of self-incompatibility4 and assisting with recognition of beneficial (nitrogen fixing bacteria5) or unfavorable organisms (pathogens6 or herbivores7). Peptides function to help plants to respond to a changing environment and improve their chances of survival. Constitutive expression of the gene encoding a novel cysteine rich peptide TAXIMIN1 (TAX1) resulted in fusion of lateral organs and in abnormal fruit morphology. TAX1 signaling functions independently from transcription factors known to play a role in this process such as LATERAL ORGAN FUSION1 (LOF1). Here, we report that the TAX1 promoter is not induced by the LOF1 transcription factor and that the TAX1 peptide neither interferes with transcriptional activation by LOF1.1 or transcriptional repression by LOF1.2. Furthermore, we found that TAX1 overexpressing lines were hypersensitive to continuous light, which may be reflected by a decreased accumulation of the UV-B protecting compound sinapoyl-malate. Finally, adding the antibiotic cefotaxime to the medium surprisingly countered the light hypersensitivity phenotype of TAX1 overexpressing seedlings.


1
H NMR linewidth and relaxation times, powder XRD, electrical conductivity and differential scanning calorimetry have been performed on (C
 n

H
 2n+1
)
 2
NH
 2
Br (n=2, 3 and 4). A new 'rotator' phase was revealed at 342481, 293538 and 254563 K, respectively, where rod-like cations perform uniaxial reorientation about the molecular long axis and, at the same time, translational self-diffusion at elevated temperatures. The highly disordered structure was also revealed by the transition entropies, the sum of which, at temperature above 130 K, approached the melting entropy, being as small as ca. 20 J K
 -1
 mol
 -1
. These properties of the rotator phase are quite analogous to those detected in monoalkylammonium chlorides whose rotator phase can be described as a 'low-dimensional plastic crystal'. The tetragonal crystal structure in the present rotator phase has space group I4/mmm close to the P4/nmm found for that of the monoalkylammonium salts.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: control method involves pressure control in inlet engine manifold as per the specified value. The above control involves slow control loop (36), quick control loop (38) and pressure limitation (40) at turbine inlet of supercharging turbine. Supercharging pressure limitation (40) is performed as soon as turbine inlet pressure exceeds the pre-determined threshold value. EFFECT: invention provides supercharging pressure control in transient mode, in steady-state mode and pressure limitation at turbine inlet. 15 cl, 5 dwg


According to vocational ability requirements of higher vocational students and present teaching disvatage,the reform of CAD/CAM training teaching method was researched.The six steps method for CAD/CAM Training Teaching has been proposed,which is emboding students to be practical subject with practical project to be carrier,Obvious results have been attained.


Establishing WDM transport network suitable for IP is an affirmed result of global information implementation. In this paper, the reason of this trend was discussed in detail from the view of technology, and the probability and necessity of IP data stream transporting directly over WDM networking, as well as the status and the developing trend of the technology of IP over WDM were described. It was pointed out that the exact appllation of IP over WDM should be called as IP over WDM optical networking.


Abstract This study concerns the problem of investment choice for the realization of a helium extraction unit. Various possibilities must be taken into account: plant capacity, sitting, technology and partner choice. The definition and modelling of several scenarios represent a basis for supporting decision processes in light of choosing the better project, taking into consideration technical, economic and strategic aspects The problem is a multiple criteria decision analysis problem. The modeled scenarios are analyzed by using a multicriterion decision support module. The application of outranking approach PROMETHEE is illustrated. A further investigation of derived ranking has been obtained through sensitivity analysis.


As the climate change movement gathers momentum, there's a pressing need to assess suppliers based on their environmental performance along with other criteria for supplier selection. The objective of this paper is to propose a comprehensive approach for suppliers' selection, which cuts across a huge variety of supplier base, caters to almost all businesses, is environment-friendly and robust. The approach encourages suppliers to go green and cut down their carbon footprints in order to survive the competition.


Abstract : Palytoxin is an extremely toxic non-proteinaceous toxin first isolated from marine soft corals of the genus Palythoa. It is a membrane active agent whose mechanism of action is not fully understood. Palytoxin is also a novel type of tumor promoter. Until recently, there was no specific means of detecting and quantitating palytoxin and there was no known antidote. This project was undertaken in response to the U.S. Army's need for research quantities of palytoxin and the need for a rapid, simple, and specific means to identify and quantitate palytoxin. We are utilizing derivatives of polytoxin to produce immunogens which are being used to generate anti-palytoxin polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies are being incorporated into enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for palytoxin. Keywords: immunoassay.


Objective To review the experience in surgery for 508 patients with portal hypertension and to explore the selection of reasonable operation under different conditions.Methods The data of 508 patients with portal hypertension treated surgically from 1991 to 2002 in our centers was analyzed.Of the patients,256 were treated with portaazygous devascularization(PAD),167 with portasystemic shunt(PSS),62 with selective shunt(SS),11 with combining portasystemic shunt and portaazygous devascularization(PSS+PAD),9 with liver transplantation(LT),3 patients with union operation for hepatic carcinoma and portal hypertension(HCC+PH).Results In the 167 patients treated with PSS,free portal pressure(FPP) was significantly higher in the patients with an 8~12 mm diameter of the anastomotic stoma than in those with a diameter less before the operation(P0.01).After the operation,FPP in the former patients was markedly decreased compared with the latter ones(P0.01).The occurring rate of hemorrhage in patients treated with PAD,PSS,SS,PSS+PAD and HCC+PH were 21.09%(54/256)、13.77(23/167)、11.29(7/62)、36.36%(4/11) and 100%(3/3)respectively,the occurring rate of hepatic encephalopathy were 3.91%(10/256)、9.58%(16/167)、 4.84%(3/62)、9.09%(1/11) and 100%(3/3) while the operative mortality was 5.49%(15/256)、4.22%(7/167)、4.84%(3/62)、9.09%(1/11) and 66.67%(2/3) respectively.The operative mortality of liver transplantation was 22.22%(2/9).Conclusion Five kinds of the operations in surgical treatment of portal hypertension have their advantages and disadvantages.Therefore,the selection of operation should be based on the actual needs of the patients.PAD is a main way in surgical management of portal hypertension.When PSS needs to be conducted,the diameter of the anastomotic stoma should be 6~8 mm and the most usual operative approach is side-to-side PSS.SS is a good operation in treatment of portal hypertension but its technic is difficult.Although disconnection combined with PSS seems to be a better procedure of choice because it can lower the portal pressure and maintain the portal flow,it will give the patient a heary strike and should be cautiously adopted.Liver transplantation can get at the root as well as taking temporary solution,but it cannot be regarded as the first choice in China.The survival time can be prolonged and the postoperative complication reduced by prudent selecting methods of combined operation for patients suffering from concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and portal hypertension.The cirrhotic patients with ascites can be treated with PSS in a small diameter stoma(6~8 mm) anastomosis under the circumstances of liver function and general body condition acceptable.If acute continuous gastroesophageal vaciceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients cannot be controlled by a variety of modern conservative therapies including emergent endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy,emergent gastroesophageal devascularization(GED),or PSS when liver function and whole body conditions acceptable,should be adopted in order to avoid dying of intractable persistent variceal bleeding and deteriorating liver function in cirrhotic patients due to delayed treatment.


We have synthesized alkyne complexes of uranium and thorium. Because of the many similarities between uranium and thorium, some differences between analogous complexes can be attributed to the availability of f-electrons in uranium. New routes to actinide-alkyne complexes have been developed. For example, both thorium alkyne complexes and thoracyclopentadienes have been synthesized by the reaction of alkynes with bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)thorium(methy)hydride.


This study assessed economic efficiency of fish farming in Ondo State, Nigeria. The study used primary and secondary data to achieve the objective of the study. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire from 72 Fish farmers selected using the multistage sampling technique. The analytical technique involved budgeting technique, stochastic frontier production and cost function analysis. The study discovered from the gross margin and net-revenue analysis that fish production was profitable judging by the positive value and size of the gross margin (₦175.55 per kg) and net revenue (₦170.96 per kg). The result of the stochastic frontier production function analysis showed that all the regressors used in the analysis had positive coefficient, indicating that allthe inputs considered had direct relationship with farmers output. The result of the stochastic cost frontier function analysis showed that unit cost of labour, fingerlings, fertilizer and lime had positive regression coefficients, indicating that as these variables increase,the overall production cost of fish increases. The result also indicated that the presence of technical inefficiency had effects on fish production as depicted by the significant estimated gamma coefficient. The study recommends improvement in human capital development through education policy and training programme by extension education, opening of more market opportunities should be pursued and government should provide support to fish farmer's cooperative society by increasing their capital base.


Transportation has become a very attached part of human daily life as a means of mobility in activities. Each transportation user has their own goals in transportation, so the mode of transportation travel takes effect in making it easier for users to reach their goals. At Padjadjaran University, Campus Jatinangor, there are several alternative modes of transportation, namely Odong-Odong, Easy Bike, conventional motorcycle taxis, and online motorcycle taxis. Each alternative mode of transportation has varying characteristics and user needs, so it is necessary to make the right decision. This study uses the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method to determine priority criteria and alternative modes of transportation suitable for use on campus. The criteria used in this study include tariff, time, comfort, safety, and environmental responsibility. The results in this study obtained the order of priority criteria, is safety, comfort, time, tariff, and environmental responsibility. Moreover, the alternative priority orders are Odong-Odong, online motorcycle taxis, Easy Bike, and conventional motorcycle taxis. That can be interpreted as the safety criteria are the most considered, and Odong-Odong is the most appropriate alternative to be used at Padjadjaran University, Campus Jatinangor.


In our increasingly competitive world, today companies are implementing improvement strategies in every department and, in particular, in their manufacturing systems. This paper discusses the use of a global method based on a knowledge-based approach for the development of a software tool for modelling and analysis of production flows. This method is based on data processing and data mining techniques and will help the acquisition of the met aknowledge needed for the searching of correlations among different events in the production line. Different kind of techniques will be used: graphic representation of the production, identification of specific behaviour and research of correlations amo ng events on the production line. Most of these techniques are based on statistical and probabilist ic analyses. To carry on high level analyses, a stocha sti approach will be used to identify specific behaviou r with the aim of defining, for example, action plans .


THE reader must not expect to know where I live. At present, it is true, my abode may be a question of little or no import to anybody; but if I should carry my readers with me, as I hope to do, and there should spring up between them and me feelings of homely affection and regard attaching something of interest to matters ever so slightly connected with my fortunes or my speculations, even my place of residence might one day have a kind of charm for them. Bearing this possible contingency in mind, I wish them to understand, in the outset, that they must never expect to know it.


The risk factor in construction business is very high. Construction objects are unique and built mostly only once. Risk management is a concept which is used in all industries, from IT related business, automobile or pharmaceutical industry, to the construction sector. Each industry has developed their own risk management standards, but the general ideas of the concept usually remain the same regardless of the sector. Decisionmaking is very important in the management of projects, such as risk assessment results in huge and important projects, contractor and supplier selection, etc. Each project manager should have a basic knowledge about risks associated to a project and how to handle them. Risk management should be conducted on all projects. The degree, level of detail, sophistication of tools, and amount of time and resources applied to risk management should be in proportion to the characteristics of the project under management and the Abstract


Received: 25 July 2019 Accepted: 11 October 2019 The ink apparatus was considered as a dynamic system formed by a combination of rollers and cylinders. The transition characteristic of the ink apparatus was considered as a natural reaction of this model to various external influences. For research, a single-capacitance model of an ink apparatus is proposed. The flow of ink through a series of rollers and cylinders that form a baseline is considered. To determine the amount of ink, the power conditions of the ink machine are considered. Presumably, the power of the ink unit is pulsed. The amount of ink passing through each contact node in one printing cycle. A model of the distribution of ink layers in the ink apparatus of a sheet printing machine is built. A method for calculating the distribution of ink layers in the ink apparatus for letterpress and offset printing machines has been developed. The regularity of the distribution of ink across the maximum and minimum layers is established. Also determined the total amount of ink accumulated in the ink apparatus. For the unsteady mode, the change in the volume of ink in the stream was characterized by the equation of a single-capacitance model of the ink apparatus. The equation of non-stationary mode is obtained. The dynamic characteristic of a single-capacitance model made it possible to determine the unevenness of the ink layer on the form in the case of a pulsed power supply of the ink apparatus. The extension of the proposed methodology to ink apparatus with branched streams of ink makes it possible to use this method for the study of ink apparatus of different designs. Also, the presentation of an ink apparatus in the form of a single-capacitance object creates the prerequisites for a more accurate description of its properties in transition modes.


The paper presents a scheme of a multichannel measuring device with two switches for temperature control on board of the spacecraft. This scheme is based on the multiplicative use of switches, which provides a much more measurements compared to analogues with two separate switches.


A Horizontal Trunk Engine built by London Marine Engineers, John Penn and Son in 1861 was recovered by the W.A. Maritime Museum in 1985 after 114 years in the wreck of the SS Xantho, Western Australia's first coastal steamer. The engine is remarkably well preserved despite its years in a very hostile marine environment and it has proved to be a significant piece of marine engineering. It is a relic of the Crimean War era, the first mass produced marine engine made, the first to which high pressure steam was applied at sea, and the first 'high' revolution engine applied to the marine-environment. Unchanged by human hand since it was lost in the wreck of the SS Xantho in 1872, the engine is a unique artefact and represents a rare opportunity to study a very significant piece of engineering history. As the propulsion unit from Western Australia's first 'coastal steamer, and a link to its owner Charles Edward Broadhurst a remarkable 19th Century entrepreneur, the engine is of considerable local significance and interest. This paper examines some of the relevant issues related to the engine and its recovery and is allied to that of Dr Ian MacLeod who is responsible for the conservation of the artefact. It is expected that the engine will be placed on display in the coming year.


When the demography of wild birds is analyzed, disease is an important but often overlooked factor. Although disease can be a primary factor of population regulation, its overall importance is probably more closely related to increasing the susceptibility of the host to other mortality factors (Kennedy 1975; van Riper, in prep.). It is therefore important that researchers be able to determine levels of parasites and diseases, if they are to draw meaningful conclusions concerning demographic parameters of a host population. Our purpose is to outline a procedure which would enable an ornithologist, who does not have sophisticated laboratory facilities, to examine birds correctly and to find answers concerning diseases present within an avian population.


Since the early 1990s, more than 80 million people in South Asia have become unemployed and as a consequence, millions of people have been reduced to absolute poverty due to crises of governance and agriculture. Today we are faced with the challenge of adapting our interaction with our environment to create a sustainable society. The people of the sub-continent believe that the best defense against destructive influences is to track both their activities and their effects on natural resources. But we the South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan) people have not learnt how to live without consuming the very resource base that sustains us and that will sustain future generations. It is an established fact that South Asia in general and Pakistan in particular remained a land divided between the hopes of the rich and the despair of the poor in which the richest one-fifth earned almost 40 percent of the region's income and the poorest one-fifth makes do with less than ten percent. Dealing with environmental and ecological threats, shortage and misuse of water and issues like poverty, corruption and governance, today begins the struggle of survival for 115 million poverty-ridden destitutes, and tomorrow threatens the future of 395 million illiterate adults with nuclear arms, climatic changes, land degradation, scarcity of water and mismanagement of natural resources. In the case of Pakistan, which has one of the lowest literacy rates and lowest indicators of gender development in the world, widespread poverty prevails because of most powerful feudal-industrial interests, absence of conceptual environmental knowledge, undemocratic governments and illiteracy. Internationally more emphasis and more concentration have been paid to sustainability, right to say, forest protection, ozone depletion, waste management, environmental justice and natural resource management recently but Pakistan lags behind the developed world and Fareast Asia in terms of environmental awareness, community rights, NRM and conservation of biodiversity. Large Dams & Irrigation Management in Indus Region Economic growth and progress towards poverty alleviation in the Indus Basin are now critically threatened by widespread loss of productive farmland due to mismanagement and degradation of water and soil resources. Due to mismanagement and water shortage at canal tail ends competition for water between different classes and clans have increased. This has led to catastrophic impacts on rural livelihood and entire rural communities are being forced to abandon their lands and to work as agricultural wage laborers or to migrate to overcrowded cities in search of employment. These effects have been observed during experiences with Community Based Organizations (CBOs) in Hyderabad, Thatta, Badin & Dadu district of Sindh Pakistan. These Peasant Organizations and Farmer Networks are supported by few NGOs, Political Parties and Government departments which are trying to strengthen their capacities to organize farmers and to take collective action for participatory irrigation management. There is a lack of integrated natural resources management programs, but the rural communities are striving to develop sustainable soil and water management systems to attain a sustainable livelihood.. Their main objective is to ensure a more efficient, equitable and transparent distribution of canal irrigation water by strengthening the involvement of the poorest farmers in irrigation management. Several farmers' organizations have been formed through the institutional and strategic support of existing CBOs in major distributaries having different ecological and management issues, thus ensuring the sustainability of newly formed Farmers Organizations (FOs). This is also an attempt to address the issue of participation of people in mega-projects like the World Bank National Drainage Program and Kalabagh Dam. The present-day Sindh province was the center of the ancient Indus Valley/Mohen-jo-daro Civilization (2300 BC-1750 BC). It was named after Indus, the great Trans-Himalayan river of South Asia and one of the world's longest rivers, with a length of 2,900 km. The Indus (also called Mehran and Sindhoo) rises in southwestern Tibet at an elevation of about 18,000 feet (5,500 m) and flows in a northwesterly direction along the slopes of the Himalayas. Recently the Government of Pakistan has announced its decision to construct the Kalabagh hydropower dam on Indus. According to the reports of international experts, World Commission on Dams (WCD) and International Rivers Network (IRN), over the past 50 years some 30 to 60 million people worldwide have been displaced by large dams and tens of millions more living downstream have been impoverished due to falling productivity of their farmland and fisheries after dam construction. Many dams, such as Sardar Sarova/Maheshwar Dam on the Narmada River in India, Aran in Nepal, Kaeng Sua Ten in Thailand, and Bakun in Malaysia, are being opposed by environmentalists. Pakistan is the signatory of the Declaration of Rio which states that "In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it." This paper will discuss the future role of political activists, CBOs and FOs in participatory irrigation management, their role in the rural development of the area and their role in policy advocacy for water sectors in the Indus basin. It will also discuss the proposed construction of Kalabagh Dam and institutional development strategies of FOs with a historical perspective. It will discuss the impacts of organizing farmers on the social context and relationship of the people and the lesson learnt for development practitioners.


Objective   It is not common that, after diversion of the faecal stream by a colostomy, the defunctioned colon develops colitis. The pathogenesis of this colitis is still unclear and it has been proposed that ischaemia may play a major role. Our aim is to look for signs of ischaemia in a group of patients developing colitis after diversion colostomy for various causes.


5‐HTT mediates antidepressant‐sensitive clearance of 5‐HT after its release into neural synapses. We found increased expression of 5‐HTT in RANKL‐induced osteoclast‐like cells. Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5‐HTT, reduced osteoclast differentiation but not activation. Reserpine, an inhibitor of 5‐HT intracellular transport, potentiated differentiation. These results indicate a role for 5‐HTT in osteoclast function and suggest that commonly used antidepressive agents may affect bone mass.


A design of non-uniform frequency time-modulated metasurface (NF-MTS) is proposed for false target jamming of linear frequency modulated (LFM) radar. The NF-MTS is composed by a number of independent elements, each of them temporally modulated by a different modulation frequency. This system allows realizing desired false targets in the range profile of the radar system. Thanks to the control of the modulation scheme in each element of the metasurface and the combined non-uniform frequency response of the overall surface, NFMTS has enhanced performance on control of false targets at different observation angles, having more flexible capacity of scattered field manipulation comparing to metasurface based false target jamming only through uniform frequency time modulation.


Professional cooperative economic organization about farmers is voluntarily organized by the farmers who are engaged in the production and operation of similar agricultural products. During the earlier stage, middle stage and later stage of agricultural production and operation, capital, technology, information, production, supply and services are supplied and cooperated by the economic organization. It is an effective form of organization of self- service, self-development and self-protection for farmers, under the conditions of the market economy. On the basis of special research of niushou agricultural production cooperative in Nanjing, it is drawn up from the practice analyzing of niushou agricultural production cooperative in Nanjing. Further developing Jiangning professional cooperative economic organization about farmers is presented.


The primal problem of multinomial likelihood maximization restricted to a convex closed subset of the probability simplex is studied. Contrary to widely held belief, a solution of this problem may assign a positive mass to an outcome with zero count. Related flaws in the simplified Lagrange and Fenchel dual problems, which arise because the recession directions are ignored, are identified and corrected.
A solution of the primal problem can be obtained by the PP (perturbed primal) algorithm, that is, as the limit of a sequence of solutions of perturbed primal problems. The PP algorithm may be implemented by the simplified Fenchel dual.
The results permit us to specify linear sets and data such that the empirical likelihood-maximizing distribution exists and is the same as the multinomial likelihood-maximizing distribution. The multinomial likelihood ratio reaches, in general, a different conclusion than the empirical likelihood ratio.
Implications for minimum discrimination information, compositional data analysis, Lindsay geometry, bootstrap with auxiliary information, and Lagrange multiplier tests are discussed.