INTRODUCTION
Physical disability presents unique challenges to the individual, family and community. One of these challenges is returning the individual to work. The current study looks at individuals with a mild-to-moderate physical disability 6 months post-discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and their employment status and perceived barriers to returning to work.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prospective study of consecutive Singaporean patients, aged 21 to 65 years, discharged from the acute inpatient Rehabilitation Medicine Service at Changi General Hospital with a mild-to-moderate physical disability, as determined by discharge Modified Barthel Index score, and their employment status 6 months after discharge.

RESULTS
There were 68 patients who met the study criteria; of these, 31 (45.6%) were successfully employed by 6 months post-discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0004) between the 2 groups based on gender, with more males likely not to return to work as compared to their female counterparts.

CONCLUSION
In this small prospective study, males were more likely not to return to work than females. Those of slightly younger age with more advanced education were more likely to return to work and fear of worsening of physical disability was the most common reason cited for not returning to work after a mild-to-moderate physical disability.


Brenneman et al (2017) examined the relationship between scores on several measures of central auditory processing (CAPD) and tests of language and cognitive abilities. An investigation of these relationships can potentially provide important information that would clarify what these tests measure. The authors conclude that ''the majority of variance in these CAPD measures was not accounted for by these particular measures of language and cognition.'' They base this conclusion on observed correlations between languageand cognitive test performance that they state do not account for z80% of the variance in CAPD tests. But what are we to conclude about this z80%? The implication is that CAPD tests measure a trait that is relatively independent of what is measured by standard tests of language and cognition. There are at least two problems with this conclusion. First of all, the claim that language and cognitive tests do not account for z80% of CAPD test variance is misleading. For example, Brenneman et al (2017) report a correlation between the dichotic digits (DD) with left ear testing andWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) full-scale IQ of 0.450 (their Table 3). Squaring this value gives an r value of 0.2025, so in this sense, IQ only accounts for z20% of the variance in this test. However, as noted by Ozer (1985) the correlation coefficient rather than r is appropriate for measurement of the common variability shared by two tests. Trait models suggest that some latent variable underlies the shared variability of scores on both tests. Estimating common variability is a different problem than predicting one test score from another (Beatty, 2002). Another issue concerns how one interprets this unexplained variability in CAPD test performance. This could be due to any one or all of several factors. One factor is random ''noise'' that is not consistent between test occasions and could be estimated by considering testretest correlations. Musiek et al (1991) state that the test-retest reliability of the DD test was 0.77, based on results from four adults (8 ears) with brain lesions. Although such an estimate is highly unreliable given the small sample size and involves a different population of individuals, this estimate can serve to illustrate the role of test reliability. By this estimate, the reported correlation of left ear DD scores with WISC IQ (0.45) represents a substantial proportion of the consistent variability in DD scores across two separate test administrations. Thus, IQ may account for a large portion of left ear DD test scores when considering reliable variability. Although estimates of test-retest reliability from theMusiek et al (1991) study are tenuous, Brenneman et al (2017) did not include this important information in their study. The unexplained variance in left ear DD test scores might also be due to factors that are not modality specific. For example, Lawfield et al (2011) found that the correlation between scores on a DD reproduction task correlated with an analogous visual dichoptic digits task (r 5 0.67). Although these results were from a slightly different test and a different population, they suggest that a sizable portion of DD test score variability may not measure a modality-specific trait. Although the WISC may be viewed as a ''gold standard,'' it may be incomplete and not sample the entire breadth of cognitive abilities (Flanagan et al, 2000, p. 23). A more accurate way to assess nonauditory factors is to compare tests in two ormoremodalities (Cacace andMcFarland, 2005). The issue that Brenneman et al (2017) seem to be addressing is whether CAPD tests provide incremental validity beyond that provided by language and cognitive tests such as the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) and WISC. Incremental validity refers to the extent to which a test predicts some criterion over and above alternative tests (Sechrest, 1963). This cannot be established simply by documenting a null effect (i.e., documenting unexplained variance). Rather, incremental validity is established by simultaneously measuring the tests and criterion of interest and modeling the results with statistical techniques such as multiple regression. A problem with this approach in the present case is that Brenneman et al (2017) have not articulated the sort of outcome variables they seek to predict. Studies such as that of Brenneman et al (2017) are important for identifyingwhat is and is not assessed by tests of CAPD. However, such investigations would be improved by inclusion of more complete information such as test-retest correlations, multimodal testing, and relevant outcome variables. Otherwise the nature of unexplained variance remains a mystery.


Weather, notably rain, has a negative impact on radio wave propagation between terrestrial and earthspace links at frequencies above 10 GHz. Therefore raininduced attenuation is a significant propagation impact that must be considered when designing satellite communication systems. Analysis of rain attenuation for earth-space links in three locations in Cameroon at V, Ku and Ka bands is investigated using four rain attenuation models: The ITU-R P.618 model, Svjatogor model, GarciaLopez model and Bryant model at 42.5° elevation angles. The major goal is to figure out which rain attenuation prediction models are best for satellite communication in this area. Five years (2013–2017) daily rainfall data obtained from the Tropical Rain Measuring MissionPrecipitation Radar (TRMM-PR) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's Core Observatory were used for this study. The results showed that the ITUR P.618, Garcia-Lopez, and Svjatogor models performed best in this region. Attenuation ranged from 15 dB to 16 at 42.5° elevation angle for time exceedance of 0.01% at Kuband in all the study locations. For the Ka-band, attenuation varied between 32 dB and 38 dB. Signal availability at Ku-band is possible based on predicted rain attenuation values for 0.01 %-time exceedance. At Ka and V-band, the predicted rain attenuation values for 0.01%- time exceedance have shown that availability of signal is impossible, which infers losses of the signal during such rainfall events across the selected locations in Cameroon


The curves of bending stress-deflection about common and modified glass fiber reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement(GRMC) were determined though rapid carbonation method.Carbonation product components was analyzed by XRD,microstructure characteristics and corrosion of glass fiber were observed by SEM.The results indicate that hydration product 5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O(5·1·8) of common GRMC is carbonated to Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·2MgCO3·6H2O(1·1·2·6) and Mg(OH)2 carbonated to MgCO3 after 28 d rapid carbonation.Partially leaching and draining of MgCl2 lead to more holes in matrix,looseness of structure that cause initial cracking strength decrease,limited deflection increase,and deformation easily of common GRMC.Hydration product 5·1·8 and its microstructure characteristics of modified GRMC remain stable within rapid carbonation.Modified GRMC reveals better carbonation resistance,initial deflection and limited deflection reduce little,initial cracking strength increase and cracking difficult.Moreover,carbonation do not lead to corrosion of glass fiber,fiber with cement matrix bond well,with dense structure.


To investigate whether the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) in twin pregnancies are applicable to Japanese women.


In the spirit of Bose–Einstein condensation, we present a detailed account of the statistical description of the condensation phenomena for a Fermi–Dirac gas following the works of Born and Kothari. For bosons, while the condensed phase below a certain critical temperature, permits macroscopic occupation at the lowest energy single particle state, for fermions, due to Pauli exclusion principle, the condensed phase occurs only in the form of a single occupancy dense modes at the highest energy state. In spite of these rudimentary differences, our recent findings [Ghosh and Ray, 2017] identify the foregoing phenomenon as condensation-like coherence among fermions in an analogous way to Bose–Einstein condensate which is collectively described by a coherent matter wave. To reach the above conclusion, we employ the close relationship between the statistical methods of bosonic and fermionic fields pioneered by Cahill and Glauber. In addition to our previous results, we described in this mini-review that the highest momentum (energy) for individual fermions, prerequisite for the condensation process, can be specified in terms of the natural length and energy scales of the problem. The existence of such condensed phases, which are of obvious significance in the context of elementary particles, have also been scrutinized.


The invention discloses a preparation method of sodium methylparaben. The preparation method of sodium methylparaben comprises the following steps: firstly, adding methyl p-hydroxybenzoate into a reaction vessel, then slowly dropwise adding sodium hydroxide the amount of which is 1.05 times that of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate into the reaction vessel, and reacting for 1 hour at room temperature; and secondly, after reaction is finished, standing for crystallizing, centrifugally filtering, and carrying out vacuum drying, thus obtaining the sodium methylparaben finished product. The preparation method of sodium methylparaben has the advantages that a production process is simple and easy, raw materials are easily available, production cost is reduced, no 'waste water, waste gas or industrial residue' is produced, and environmental protection is realized.


The impact of tourism on local economies has long been a concern of individual communities and of governmental agencies interested in promoting this source of local income. The magnitudes are often large and, with fluctuations, continue to increase. The development of recreational opportunities and tourist facilities is often viewed as a means of redressing disparities in regional incomes and employment, and as a major factor in national balance of payments. Indeed, some nations seem to practice a new mercantile policy of maximizing receipts from foreign tourists and minimizing the expenditures of its own nationals abroad (Barucci, 1976).


This study was designed to compare the Biological effects of the cereals and legumes Proteins on albino rats. Fifty weaning albino rats weighing in both sexes were divided into 5 groups and fed corn crude protein diet, wheat crude protein diet, soybean protein diet, yeast diet and 30% sugar-casein diet for the control group. The protein contains same levels with isocaloric values each diet. After 12 weeks the rats were sacrificed for chemical analysis and the results are as follow ; 1. The highest food consumption was found in the groups of yeast and soybean, and the lowest was found in the groups of wheat diet and corn diet. 2. The groups of yeast & soybean protein showed the highest body weight increase, while the groups of wheat diet and corn diet showed the lowest. 3. Highly significant difference was found between the standard group and the groups of corn protein and soybean protein in Food Efficiency Ratio. (F. E. R.) (p


A power divider (PD)/ power combiner (PC) with high quality factor and enhanced output ports isolation using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed. An SIW cavity is designed to provide a high quality factor filtering response and an SMD resistor is attached between two output ports to realize the high isolation. The value of the applied resistor is calculated by using the even and odd mode analysis. The measured results obtained from testable model are in good agreement with the simulated results. These results show that the return loss is 23 dB, the minimum insertion loss is 4.55 dB including intrinsic 3 dB insertion loss of PD, and the isolation between output ports is 20 dB, which shows that the proposed design could be an important component in microwave circuits.


In the P2P network, chord search algorithm is a research hotspot. For the classical Chord algorithm, researchers have from their point of view is improved, the formation of a variety of improved chord algorithms, such as MR-chord algorithm, nrto- chord algorithm, polycyclic- chord algorithm. In this paper, the improved Chord algorithm summary of research from the point of view, expecting making clear the improved-direction of Chord algorithm.


Actinomycosis has been rarely reported in patients with HIV/AIDS in contrast to other opportunistic and common pathogens. We report a case of esophageal ulcer disease, secondary to actinomycosis occurring in a patient with recurrent odynophagia. The diagnosis was made histologically only after repeated upper endoscopy with biopsies. ImagesFigure 1


We describe an improvement of Itoh and Tsujii's algorithm for inversion over Galois fields GF((2/sup n/)/sup m/). In particular, raising an element to the 2/sup ln/ power, l an integer, in polynomial basis representation can be done with a binary, fixed matrix. Finally, we show that the inversion complexity is essentially given by the number of multiplications.


Abstract Two distinct patterns of response of blood pressure to achievement of dry weight (no clinical evidence of edema and optimal body sodium content and volume of water), antihypertensive drugs and bilateral nephrectomy were documented in 40 unselected patients with end-stage renal disease. Group 1, 35 of 40 patients, was characterized by an excellent response of blood pressure to dry weight and the ability to remain normotensive without antihypertensive drugs as long as dry weight was maintained. Group 2, five of 40 patients, had persistent hypertension in spite of dry weight, a poor response to antihypertensive drugs and a prompt reduction of blood pressure after bilateral nephrectomy. A further important difference between these two groups was seen in the serum renin values obtained at the initiation of therapy. In Group 1 values ranged from 0 to 1.02 Goldblatt units × 10–4 per milliliter of serum (mean, 0.31) whereas those in Group 2 ranged from 1.88 to 4.60 (mean of 3.37 units). Serum renin level...


The objective of this research was to test the effectiveness of hypnosis as a natural treatment for migraine and aura. The assumption that hypnosis is primarily psychological in nature whereas migraine and aura are psycho-neurological phenomena, determined the
adoption of a psycho-neurological model for this research.


Abstract We establish several new metrical results on the distribution properties of the sequence ({xn})n≥1, where {·} denotes the fractional part. Many of them are presented in a more general framework, in which the sequence of functions (x ↦ xn)n≥1 is replaced by a sequence (fn)n≥1, under some growth and regularity conditions on the functions fn.


Equivalence checking is one of the most scalable and useful verification techniques in industry. NULL Convention Logic (NCL) circuits utilize dual-rail signals (i.e., two wires to represent one bit of DATA), where the wires are inverses of each other during a DATA wavefront. In this paper, a technique that exploits this invariant at NCL register boundaries is proposed to improve the efficiency of equivalence verification of NCL circuits.


This chapter contains sections titled: Generic Term: Specs Kinds of Specs American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Common Law: Torts Employees Your P.E. License Dealing with Customers Negotiating Customer's Duties to You References


We report a novel image coder which is a hybrid of fractal coding and vector quantisation. The approach to image compression is to form an approximate image by one method and clear up errors by another. In this realisation, image blocks are approximated by polynomial functions, and the residual image blocks are coded by vector quantisation into a codebook which is small enough to transmit with an image. The method is evaluated on a number of parameters, and the results are found to be intermediate between fractal and JPEG coding in their rate/distortion performance. Possible further improvements are indicated.


In hydraulic engineering, as a low head hydraulic structure, sluice plays an important role in regulating water resources, agricultural irrigation, safe flood control, industrial production and so on. Due to the limitation of geological conditions, many sluice gates are built on soft soil foundation, which usually can not meet the requirements of foundation bearing capacity in the structural design code. In practical engineering, pile groups are usually designed under the sluice bottom plate to make the pile foundation and foundation jointly bear the upper load. In this paper, taking the actual project of sluice as an example, based on the ANSYS finite element simulation technology, considering the dynamic interaction of water body structure foundation and the nonlinear problem of pile-soil contact, the finite element simulation model is established and analyzed. The dynamic coupling system of structure and water body is established. The natural vibration characteristics of the overall structure are analyzed. And the numerical analysis results are compared with the analysis results of measured data. The calculation results of the finite element model established according to FSI theory are more consistent with the modal identification results of CEEMDAN-SVD. The calculation accuracy and modal identification are better. They confirm each other and can more accurately reflect the working characteristics of the sluice structure. In the working state, the modal identification method can accurately extract the modal characteristic peak of sluice structure, and can be better applied in the dynamic characteristic analysis of sluice structure.


This study implemented the technique of colonization in artificial substrates during a period of seven months (November 2004 through May 2005). In the sector of greater urbanization of the wetland, the most representative group of microalgae were the euglenophytas and cyanophytas, with abundance an average of 20300 of indv/cm 2 . In the areas with lower anthropic intervention the diatoms were predominant, with an abundance average of 1774 ind/cm 2 . The heterogenity in the system is considerably high due to the trophic conditions and physical factors that affect the system. The results showed space-time differences in terms of composition and abundance. The contribution and succession of the groups of microalgae during the stages of colonization were considerably different for each one of the stations. The diversity, composition and abundance of periphytic microalgae indicates the eutrophication process the wetland is currently going through, as well as the state of its waters that are slightly polluted in some areas and highly polluted in other areas.


Background/Aims: A previous study showed that dietary intervention with Artemisia and green tea extracts, i.e., SD1003F, relieved Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis in a mouse model. We continue the research through the current randomized double-blind clinical trial to evaluat...


Video compression techniques exploit the statistical redundancy present in video signals to efficiently reduce the amount of information sent to the decoder. We contribute with a kernel-based analysis of the residual error blocks. In particular, we borrow dimension reduction techniques from machine learning, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and nonlinear Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), to assess the spatial structure of block residuals. Interestingly, a nonlinear structure is observed that correlates to the rate-distortion costs of the blocks. Simulations by using a test set of videos with cropped Ultra High Definition (UHD) resolution show interesting results.


A method has been established to accurately calculate cold-test data for helical slow-wave structures using the three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic computer code MAFIA [Kory, 1996]. Compared with the experiment data, absolute average differences across the bandwidth of 0.2% and 3.4 Ohms for the dispersion and impedance, respectively. The computer code MAFIA is also used in this analysis to determine the effect on dispersion and on-axis interaction impedance of the wedge support rod geometry parameter variation.


We explore a dynamical mechanism to realize the emergence of a global $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ symmetry and its spontaneous breaking at an intermediate scale for an axion solution to the strong CP problem. Such a dynamics is provided by a new supersymmetric QCD near the middle of conformal window that couples to fields spontaneously breaking the $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ symmetry. A large anomalous dimension of the $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ breaking fields leads to the suppression of explicit $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$-violating higher dimensional operators. The $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ breaking vacuum is generated at a scale hierarchically smaller than the Planck scale by a non-perturbative effect. The $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ breaking drives the conformal breaking, and all the new quarks become massive. The axion potential is generated by the ordinary color $SU(3)_C$ effect as the $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ symmetry is only anomalous under the $SU(3)_C$. The saxion direction is stabilized by supersymmetry breaking and cosmologically harmless.


This cross-sectional study evaluates the stipulations of coverage under commercial, health insurance exchange, Veterans Affairs, Medicare, Medicaid, or other insurance for canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin.


In this article, we propose a new method for automatically updating a Wi-Fi indoor positioning model on a cloud server by employing uploaded sensor data obtained from the smartphone sensors of a specific user who spends a lot of time in a given environment (e.g., a worker in the environment). In this work, we attempt to track the user with pedestrian dead reckoning techniques, and at the same time we obtain Wi-Fi scan data from a mobile device possessed by the user. With the scan data and the estimated coordinates uploaded to a cloud server, we can automatically create a pair consisting of a scan and its corresponding indoor coordinates during the user's daily life and update an indoor positioning model on the server by using the information. With this approach, we try to cope with the instability of Wi-Fi-based positioning methods caused by changing environmental dynamics, that is, layout changes and moving or removal of Wi-Fi access points. Therefore, ordinary users (e.g., customers) who do not have rich sensors can benefit from the continually updating positioning model.


This study aims to describe the implementation of character education fond of reading through the school literacy program for students at SDIT Muhammadiyah Al Kautsar, Kartasura. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were the grade II teacher, the Library Division, and the Vice Principal for Student Affairs. This research instrument used Human Instrument, where this qualitative research determined the focus of research, selected information as data sources, conducts data collection, assessed qualitative data, analyzes data, interpreted data, and made conclusion based on its findings. In qualitative research, besides acting as the main instrument, researchers also used data collection techniques, including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study showed that the application of the character of fond of reading in the School Literacy Movement program was carried out every day during school hours by reading books for 10-15 minutes of reading, then making a core of the task read after that telling or presenting it back. To support school literacy activities, facilities, and infrastructure in the form of reading corners located in classrooms, as well as literacy cards to record the results of students' independent reading, were provided. Meanwhile, students' reading interest at SDIT Muhammadiyah Al Kautsar Kartasura was known through the Literacy Card for student visits to the library. The implementation of literacy classes was related to increasing students' interest in reading because students can take the time to read a little to fulfill literacy cards. If the application of this love of reading can run well and regularly, the student's interest in reading will also increase.


The present invention is intended to be a living body movements and fine irregularities are adaptable, and provides a polymer film excellent in adhesion to a living tissue. The present invention includes a block copolymer having a branched polyalkylene glycol and polyhydroxyalkanoate are bonded structure, the film thickness provides a polymer film is in the range of 10 to 1000 nm. Branched polyalkylene glycol having three or more terminal hydroxyl groups per molecule. Weight ratio of the branched polyalkylene glycol to the total weight of the block copolymer is 1 to 30% the branched polyalkylene glycol average molecular weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate is per molecule contained in the block copolymer divided by the number X of terminal hydroxyl groups in the is 10,000 to 30,000.


Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of perinatal hypoxia in ICP. Methods:Twenty-nine newborns of pregnant women with ICP and twenty-nine newborns of health pregnant women were as (ICP)and controls. The levels of cholyglycine (CG), the activities of ATPase of erythrocyte membrane, the intracellular concentration of ions in umbilical blood were determined by radioimmunossay, biochemical and atomic absorption spectrometry respectively. Results: The level of CG in ICP group was higher significantly than in the controls (P0.01). The activities of ATPase of erythrocyte were significantly lower in ICP group. There was a negative correlation between ATPase activities and CG levels (P0.05). Na~+ and Ca~(2+) concentrations in erythrocyte were significantly higher in ICP group (P0.01). The incidence of Perinatal hypoxia was higher in ICP(P0.05). Conclusion: The high concentrations of bile acids in fetus could change the structure and function of their erythrocytes. It may be one of the mechanisms of perinatal hypoxia in ICP.


ABSTRACT Since the occupation of East Jerusalem and the West Bank by Israel in 1967 radical Judaism has developed into a major force, with a considerable influence on the attitudes and votes of many Israelis. The new messianic fervour centres on the building of the Temple on the site of the Muslim shrines in Jerusalem. This article explores the rise of a variety of Jewish fundamentalism in Israel and its implications for community, nationalist and interfaith relations in the Holy Land. It examines, in particular, the social and political conditions under which these fundamentalist attitudes have evolved. It explores evolving attitudes towards the 'sacred geography' of Jerusalem and rights of occupancy, within the wider context of multifaith relations and comparative (Jewish, Muslim and Christian) perspectives.


Undoped, Sn‐doped, and Mg‐doped In2O3 layers were grown on rhombohedral r‐plane sapphire (α‐Al2O3 (10.2)) by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. X‐ray diffraction and Raman scattering experiments demonstrated the formation of phase‐pure, cubic (110)‐oriented In2O3 for Sn‐ and Mg‐concentrations up to 2 × 1020 and 6×1020cm−3 , respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images showed facetted domains without any surface‐parallel (110) facets. High Mg‐ or Sn‐doping influenced surface morphology and the facet formation. X‐ray diffraction Φ‐scans indicated the formation of two rotational domains separated by an angle Ф = 86.6° due to the substrate mirror‐symmetry around the in‐plane‐projected Al2O3 c‐axis. The in‐plane epitaxial relationships to the substrate were determined for both domains. For the first domain it is Al2O3[01.0] ∥ In2O3[33¯ 4¯] . For the second domain the inplane epitaxial relation is Al2O3[01.0] ∥ In2O3[33¯4] . A low‐mismatch coincidence lattice of indium atoms from the film and oxygen atoms from the substrate rationalizes this epitaxial relation by domain‐matched epitaxy. Cross‐sectional transmission‐electron microsopy showed a columnar domain‐structure, indicating the vertical growth of the rotational domains after their nucleation.


Richard Rose, Senior Lecturer at University College, Northampton, and Will Fletcher and Gaynor Goodwin, Watling View School, St Albans, argue that although many schools have attempted to enable pupils with special educational needs to play an active part in their own planning procedures and assessment, few have identified and analysed the skills required by both pupils and teachers. Theydescribe a one-year small-scale action-research project, in a school for children with severe learning difficulties, which resulted in the development of procedures for the assessment of 'pupil readiness' for full involvement in the target-setting process.


PLZT electrooptic ceramics were fabricated by a unique atmosphere sintering technique. The ceramics produced were significantly more transparent than those obtained by ordinary O2 sintering methods; in fact, they were comparable in transparency to those obtained by hot-pressing. To achieve good transparency, the powder must be batched with excess PbO, which at the sintering temperature is present as a liquid phase at the grain boundaries. Sintering was conducted at 1200°C for 60 h in an atmosphere containing O2 and a relatively high partial pressure of lead oxide.


A dynamic estimation model of origin-destination (O-D) flows from link traffic counts is proposed. The proposed model considers time information contained in the time sequence of link traffic counts in order to formulate dynamic relationships. These dynamic relationships can describe the interrelations between the time-varying O-D flows and observed link volumes at each time interval and include the flow conservation on each link which exists on the route connecting a specific O-D pair under the dynamic process. To treat O-D flows as dynamic process, the model allows for the time variation of the travel time from origin to destination, which is assumed to be dependent on the traffic volume of each link throughout the entire route. Time delay between the time passing the observation point and the departure time at origin is also represented in the model. Recently, vehicle sensors and vehicle detectors that can measure traffic volumes and travel speeds on links are located widely, and the link traffic counts in time series that are used by the proposed model are easily available. Therefore, the proposed model is particularly useful for providing traffic information that is indispensable for traffic guidance and traffic control by tracking time-varying O-D flows, the dynamic relationships between O-D flows and link traffic volumes, and time-varying travel times from origin to destination with such link traffic counts.


We present a critique of a paper written by two economists, Quamrul Ashraf and Oded Galor, which is forthcoming in the American Economic Review and which was uncritically highlighted in Science magazine. Their paper claims there is a causal effect of genetic diversity on economic success, positing that too much or too little genetic diversity constrains development. In particular, they argue that "the high degree of diversity among African populations and the low degree of diversity among Native American populations have been a detrimental force in the development of these regions." We demonstrate that their argument is seriously flawed on both factual and methodological grounds. As economists and other social scientists begin exploring newly available genetic data, it is crucial to remember that nonexperts broadcasting bold claims on the basis of weak data and methods can have profoundly detrimental social and political effects.


Near-field communication (NFC) is a new wireless technology that could unite various standards and proprietary technologies found in the millions of standalone contactless cards. Contactless technology lets users pay for transactions by simply holding cards close to, rather than swiping them through, a reader. NFC is a short-range wireless technology that lets devices communicate when in close proximity. The technology allows for the development of devices, including mobile phones, that can be used like contactless cards. A shorter transmission range and slower data rates distinguish NFC from other short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and Wi-Fi. NFC could be used in many ways, including merchandise and service payments, event ticketing, and facility- and computer-access control. The technology could even enter information from a buyer's NFC phone to a suitably equipped PC for e-commerce transactions.


In summarising the latest guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism in hospital patients, Hill and Treasure do not say that oestrogen containing contraceptives should be stopped four weeks before elective surgery.1 Even in the full guidance some aspects of contraception are discussed almost …


It is customary to apply the term "ideology" to political statements and statements about politics believed to be saturated with irrational elements. Since more often than not it is applied to the political science and policies of parties of the extreme, one may suspect that this usage is itself colored by political interests. However, "ideology" can be redefined at the level of a meta‐science that reduces, though it cannot altogether eliminate, the partisan function of language about politics. Ideological thinking can then be shown to involve a logical error that is the counterpart of the genetic fallacy. Surprisingly, in this usage liberal political science, or that with liberal preconceptions, is a more frequent offender against the logic of science than a science of politics with illiberal preconceptions.


The existing pedestrian detection methods are still challenging under abrupt illumination, different human shape, and cluttered backgrounds. In this contribution, we suggest a novel method to handle the above detection failures. On account of the fact that the potential of features are different and a single feature cannot extract the comprehensive information and human appearance can be better acquired by combinations of efficacious features, we combine HOG, LBP, and Haar-like features. Thus, the proposed method contains the edge, texture information, and local shape information. It should be mentioned that there has not been a method based on combination of these three features yet. After feature combination, linear SVM classifier is used to detect pedestrian images from nonpedestrian. In experiments, INRIA dataset, Daimler dataset, and ETH dataset are adopted as the training and testing sets. Each dataset was recorded in various environments, resolution, and background occlusion. As a result, employing three various datasets can help not only further enrich our data but also scrutinize the robustness and precision of the proposed method in more depth. The substantial experimental result indicated that the proposed scheme outperformed the state of the art methods in terms of the accuracy with comparable computational time.


System for tracking an instrument is disposed along the length of the instrument, including two or more sensors 22 that are spaced from those adjacent. Interpretation module 45, in accordance with the position of the two or more sensors, and a 3-dimensional image volume so as to select and update the image slices. 3-dimensional image volume, including the position of the two or more sensors to a target within the volume. The image processing module 48 is configured to generate an overlay 80 illustrating the reference position within the image slice. Reference position comprises two or more offsets relative to the image slice position and in the display of the sensor, provide feedback for positioning and orientation of the instrument.


Arkansas' production of steam energy from municipal solid waste is discussed. The Arkansas program emphasizes relatively small modular combustion systems (50 to 100 tons per day) and assists medium- and small-sized cities (7,000 to 60,000 population). In this way, a solid waste/energy system can be tailored to a specific community. The Arkansas Department of Energy's solid waste program consists of: (1) a preliminary resource and market assessment; (2) a feasibility study; and (3) a public authority. Four plants either underway or completed are expected to generate about 720 billion Btu's of energy annually. (MJF)


Provided are: a metal material for electronic components, which has low occurrence of whiskers, low adhesive wear properties and high durability; a connector terminal which uses the metal material for electronic components; a connector; and an electronic component. This metal material for electronic components is provided with: a base; a lower layer that is formed on the base and configured from one or more constituent elements selected from the constituent element A group consisting of Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Cu; an intermediate layer that is formed on the lower layer and configured from one or more constituent elements selected from the constituent element A group and one or two constituent elements selected from the constituent element B group consisting of Sn and In; and an upper layer that is formed on the intermediate layer and configured from an alloy of one or two constituent elements selected from the constituent element B group and one or more constituent elements selected from the constituent element C group consisting of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os and Ir. The lower layer has a thickness of 0.05 μm or more but less than 5.00 μm; the intermediate layer has a thickness of 0.01 μm or more but less than 0.40 μm; and the upper layer has a thickness of 0.02 μm or more but less than 1.00 μm.


Located at the mouth of the Gironde estuary (southwestern Atlantic coast of France), the Amelie beach was strongly eroded during the recent stormy events, especially in the winter of 2013-2014. The escarpment at the dune front and the truncation of the beach uncovered a set of estuarine and aeolian sediment deposits containing numerous archaeological remains. A campaign of topographic surveys was undertaken with DGPS and TLS materials during the springs of 2014 and 2015 along the 2 km length of the Amelie beach in order to reconstruct the elevation and stratigraphy of these deposits. Sedimentological analyses (grain size, micro-faunal) were performed to better constrain the depositional environment. Archaeological remains and several radiocarbon dates obtained from sediment samples collected in the field were used to propose a consistent chronological framework for this sedimentary sequence. Ten main lithofacies were distinguished from the lower part of the beach to the top of the dune. The base of the sedimentary sequence is composed to of Pleistocene deposits dating from MIS9 (unit 1a) to MIS2 (Unit 1b) (Bosq et al., this issue). The Holocene sedimentary infilling began around 5000 BC with an accumulation of marine coarse sands, which suggests the presence of a tidal inlet. On both sides of this tidal channel, archaeological remains dating from the early Neolithic period up to the Bronze Age testify to a human occupation of the coastal area. From ca. 5000 to ca. 3500 cal. BP, a characteristic deposit of intertidal mudflats indicates the transformation of the tidal inlet into estuarine marshes protected by a coastal dune barrier. Between ca. 3500 and ca. 3000 cal. BP, the dune barrier records a phase of erosion which results in the exposure of the marsh to stronger hydrodynamic conditions. From ca. 2800 to 1650, a second phase of estuarine sedimentation is recognized. This period is characterized by significant human occupation as indicated by the presence of numerous archaeological remains of the Iron Age and Gallo-roman periods, associated with the exploitation of a saltwater-to-brackish environment. From 1650 to 1250 cal. BP, the estuarine saltmarsh is gradually overrun by northward migrating coastal-dune fields. After 1250 cal. BP, the marsh is completely covered by the aeolian sands. These results are consistent with previously published data and allow to locally details the sequence of paleogeographic changes of the north-Medoc peninsula. Using the "sea-level index points" method (Hijma et al., 2015), the analysis of radiocarbon dated levels also provides new relative sea-level records for this part of the French Atlantic coast. Finally, the phases of coastal dune activity/stability recognized along the Amelie beach are synchronous with those in the wider Aquitaine coastal region, suggesting a regional driving factor. We propose that the shared sedimentary dynamics are the consequence of the onshore migration of intertidal and subtidal sand banks distributed at the mouth of the Gironde.


The article is devoted to the analysis of certain provisions of a new version of the Law of Ukraine «On Social Services» embracing the procedure for delivery of social services through social orders in the context of building a social state in Ukraine.
A state with a developed civil society, a high level of social protection for citizens and, in particular, support for vulnerable categories of its population and individuals finding themselves in difficult life circumstances when fighting against the global pandemic of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 and military actions, as well as appropriate provision of social services (including through social orders) in accordance with international quality standards, may be considered as a social state.
Ukraine encounters many problems when building a social, lawful and democratic European-style state. The main problem is the world economic crisis that has not bypassed Ukraine and has been going on for a long time. Moreover, Ukraine had to face and fight another «global emergency» – the worldwide pandemic of the acute respiratory disease COVID-19. In addition, a destructive war is still raging on in Ukraine with martial law being imposed within its territory. All these factors have a negative impact on development of the Ukrainian economy and result in decreasing business activity, growth of prices, decreasing wages and number of employees, etc. leading to deterioration in the quality of life of Ukrainians. As a result, we can observe an increasing number of vulnerable categories of the Ukrainian population who find themselves in difficult life circumstances and need social protection, in particular, provision of social services through social orders.
The Law of Ukraine «On Social Services» No. 2671-VIII dated January 17, 2019 is the main legislative act dealing with provision of social services through social orders. It does not establish a detailed procedure for providing social services through social orders, however, among others, it contains a separate article 26 covering the main aspects of the procedure for providing social services through social orders (which was absent in a previous version of the said Law), in particular, with respect to financing, deadlines of competitions related to delivery of social services, etc.


The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C‐reactive protein (ASDAS‐CRP) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) are commonly used instruments for measuring disease activity. However, few studies have assessed their psychometric properties in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of ASDAS‐CRP and BASDAI in patients with axSpA in Singapore.


Earlier research has mostly focused on the impacts of stocking density on fish growth, yield, and survival rate; however, knowledge of the effects of stocking larger-sized fish, particularly Nile Tilapia, is lacking. This type of research is critically important for increasing food security, achieving sustainable goals, and facing the challenges of climate change in the near future. Therefore, we investigated the effects of initial stocking body sizes of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on water quality, growth performance, and economic yield in tropical riverine cages for 120 days in two culture cycles. Nile Tilapia of three different body sizes (34.06 ± 0.22 g, 10.98 ± 0.09 g, and 5.47 ± 0.04 for the first cycle and 33.85 ± 0.01 g, 11.07 ± 0.05 g, and 5.38 ± 0.06 g for the second cycle, indicated as T1, T2, and T3) were stocked in the culture treatments where unique stocking density and feed rations were maintained. The results revealed that water quality parameters did not differ significantly (p > 0.5) and were within a suitable range for Nile Tilapia culture. Treatments with larger-sized fish demonstrated a higher growth performance. The stocking fish size of 34.14–34.71 g was found to be the best among the three treatments regarding growth performance and economic return. As a result, except for T1 and T2 at a rural site and T1 at a semi-urban site, all of the treatments had negative allometry (b < 3.0), indicating that larger-sized fish and the rural site of the river are more suitable for cage culture. The rural site was found to be more suitable, possibly due to less variation of water parameters, more natural foods, and less pollution. The cages with larger-sized fish stocked had a higher net present value (NPV); internal rate of return (IRR); benefit–cost ratio (BCR); and rate on return (ROI), indicating that cage culture with larger-sized fish stocked is economically viable in the riverine system. Therefore, stocking the larger-sized fish (T1) and rural site are more suitable for cage culture.


Introduction: The aim of this study is to throw light on the possible protective effect of pomegranate juice (GJ) (Punica granatum L) after experimental oral administration of fungicide Thiophanate Methyl (TM) and its effects on sperm quality, of male healthy Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods:  Fifteen healthy adult male Wistar rats were divided into 03 groups. Group 1: control, Group 2: treated with Thiophanate Methyl (TM) (150 mg / kg) and Group 3: Treated with Thiophanate Methyl + pomegranate juice (GJ) (150 mg/kg + 1.5 ml). The method used for the treatment is oral gavage daily, for 60 days.
The reproductive organs that were collected were weighed, and the epididymis and testis were used for further evaluations (count, viability, motility of spermatozoa), we also conducted histological tests for testis and epididymis.
Results: The results showed that the treatment with Thiophante Methyl induced a decrease in concentration, motility, and viability of spermatozoa while the treatment of rats with fungicide associated with the grenade juice restored the concentration and the mobility of spermatozoa.
Conclusion: Thiophanate Methyl (TM) caused structural changes in the epididymis and testes inducing a decrease in sperm quality, which would interfere with its function and contribute to infertility. On the other hand, GJ can prevent these changes by increasing the number of caudal sperm; thus, it could have an effect in improving male fertility.


14 ABSTRACT Conventional methods of determining and allocating of reactive power costs which are based on power factor do not provide an accurate method to consumers reactive power pricing. While support for ensuring proper and continuous reactive power is needed to generate sufficient incentives to generate reactive power. To motivate participates, it is needed to create an economic structure of reactive power. In this paper, a method for determining the cost of reactive power is presented considering direct and indirect costs in generating and transmission. The developed tracing method for allocating reactive power cost is introduced. Simulation results in the IEEE 30-bus test system are considered to test and validate the proposed method. The methodologies, results and discussion presented in this paper show that the presented method is practical and has reasonable speed for determination and allocating reactive power cost.


A differential model is presented to show the behavior of general hysteretic systems considering all relevant structural characteristics, including pinching, stiffness degradation, load deterioration, and sliding. This model is generated based on Mostaghel's model, which already includes all of these characteristics except sliding. Thus, an attempt is made to develop the model to also cover sliding. A single-degree-of-freedom system is used to develop the hysteretic model by writing a system of ordinary differential equations. The proposed model captures the key features of the hysteretic cycles of any structure using some measurable system parameters through tests. A few examples of bilinear systems excited by harmonic loads are provided to show that the descriptions of the force-displacement performance of general hysteretic systems are realistic.


We investigate a uniqueness problem of whether a nonnegative solution of the heat equation on a noncompact Riemannian manifold is uniquely determined by its initial data. A sufficient condition for the uniqueness (resp. nonuniqueness) is given in terms of nonintegrability (resp. integrability) at infinity of -1 times a negative function by which the Ricci (resp. sectional) curvature of the manifold is bounded from below (resp. above) at infinity. For a class of manifolds, these sufficient conditions yield a simple criterion for the uniqueness.


With 57 schools serving more than 14,000 students and plans to open dozens more, KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program) is the darling of the school reform world. Ten years ago, KIPP was a pair of high-performing schools in poor neighborhoods in Houston and the South Bronx. But KIPP founders Michael Feinberg and David Levin wanted more, and with the financial backing of Don and Doris Fisher (founders of the Gap), they began replicating their schools across the country. In this issue, we asked Julie Bennett, a business writer specializing in the study of franchises, to take a look at the rapid expansion of KIPP and other brand-name schools ("Brand-Name Charters," features, page 28). Thinking of schools as franchises will no doubt raise a few hackles. As Diane Ravitch has written, "Schools are not like businesses or hamburger franchises. They are vital parts of their communities." And compared with fast-food restaurants, the work done in schools requires a great deal more education, experience, skill, and smarts. But it's hard to object to the basic idea behind the expansion of KIPP: once you've figured out how to create a school that can dramatically change the life prospects of poor kids, what better than to build more of them? And there's some evidence that franchise-like connections between schools are beneficial in other countries. In Chile, where a market-based approach to education has been in place for decades (and nearly all students attend private or public schools funded by vouchers), schools that are part of a network (which can resemble a franchise) are more effective than stand-alone schools (see "Scaling Up in Chile," research, page 62). The authors suggest some reasons schools that are part of a network may outperform other schools: they can take advantage of economies of scale, and links between schools can facilitate the flow of information (to share best practices, for instance). In "Brand-Name Charters," Bennett contrasts two approaches to expanding the supply of effective schools (or hamburger joints or coffee shops). Most school management organizations in the United States (nonprofit and for-profit) embrace a corporate growth model, following the same detailed recipe again and again to develop additional sites. They identify what works and then assemble the components (for example, phonics-based reading, a content-rich curriculum, a longer school day) in highly recognizable schools with close ties to the central office. …


Spectral Correlation Density(SCD) analysis should simultaneously insure wide frequency analysis bandwidth and high frequency resolution at cyclic frequency domain and general frequency domain when dealing with amplitude modulation(AM) phenomena in rotating machinery.Huge computation of the method brings obstacles to high analysis precision.So,this paper introduces analytic principle into cyclostationary analysis to resolve the flaw of the method.Theoretical derivation shows that the analytic SCD of AM signal only includes low-frequency characters at cyclic frequency domain,so time decimation technique can minify frequency analysis bandwidth and reduce computation to great extent on the premise of high resolution at low frequency band.Based on AM signal analysis,a model of vibration signal from point defect in rolling element bearing is mainly talked about.The SCD characters of it are summarized and an effective arithmetic aiming to AM phenomena are presented.Simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis,and indicate that the analytic SCD is a robust method in AM character identification.


Abstract LetOdenote the ring of integers of a local field. In this note we prove an approximation theorem for the Riesz type kernels {γμ, λ, n}n = 1∞overO. The proof requires a sharp estimate of theDirichlet kernelDn(x) onP−1\O, which may also have independent interest. As a consequence we solve the local field analog of 1 concerning rates of convergence of theFejer sumon the Walsh system. Our approach has potential applications to other operators such as Cesaro means and Abel–Poisson means of "type I."


Background and importanceTocilizumab (TCZ) has been a key pillar in the management of pulmonary hyperinflammation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The incessant publication of new studies assessing its effectiveness and the ideal time of use means that in-hospital protocols are constantly being reviewed and updated.Aim and objectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with TCZ and their evolution, and to compare our results with those of the primary endpoint (28-day mortality) of the RECOVERY study.Material and methodsRetrospective observational study of patients administered TCZ between October 2020 and February 2021 in a tertiary hospital. Criteria for TCZ use were PAFI <300 and meeting two of the following three criteria: C-reactive protein (CRP) >150 mg/L, D-dimer >1500 ng/mL and ferritin >2000 ng/mL, and not having contraindications for its use.Each patient received a single dose of 400 mg if weight <75 kg and 600 mg if weight >75 kg.Demographic data, comorbidities and days from symptom onset to TCZ administration were collected. Follow-up of analytical data (CRP, D-dimer and ferritin pre- and post- (15 days) TCZ administration). Clinical evolution was evaluated by mortality rate at 28 days.Statistical analysis: Stata/MP v16.0. Student's t-test was used for comparison of quantitative variables.Results39 patients were included, 25 (64.1%) were male, median age 74 (IQR 61–80) years. 61.5% had hypertension, 33.3% obesity, 41% diabetes mellitus, 17.9% chronic kidney disease, 12.8% heart disease. The median time from symptom onset to TCZ administration was 10 (IQR 7–15) days.The medians prior to and at 15 days of TCZ administration were, respectively: 152.5 mg/L (IQR 89–220.8) and 1.7 mg/L (IQR 0.65–4.2) CRP (p<0.001);2300 ng/mL (IQR 11 959–4889) and 1124 ng/mL (IQR 567–1439) D-dimer (p=0.1726);1242 ng/mL (IQR 647–2705) and 851 ng/mL (IQR 268–1384) ferritin (p=0.1294). Mortality at 28 days was 64.1%.Conclusion and relevanceOur sample size is smaller than that of the RECOVERY study;however, the days of symptoms until TCZ administration (10 vs 9) and the median CRP prior to TCZ (143 vs 152.5 mg/L) in both studies are very similar. Our mortality is much higher (64.1% vs 29%). We found a statistically significant difference between our pre- and post-CRP data.With this result, the in-hospital protocol was modified and new criteria for TCZ administration in COVID patients became oxygen saturation <92% or PAFI >300 and CRP >75 mg/L, with no contraindications for use.In subsequent studies we will test whether this update helps to improve mortality outcomes.References and/or acknowledgementsConflict of interestNo conflict of interest


Generally Dengue is transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquito that was infected by dengue virus to humans in the form of the disease known as dengue fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), Semarang since 2009 DHF had happened endemic throughout territory. This study aimed to describe the stress level and analyzed the factors associated with dengue cases in the city of Semarang. This research is analytic survey with case-control study design. The research sample comprised 82 respondents (productive age, 15-59 years) taken by total population being inclusion and exclusion criteria are divided into 41 respondents and 41 respondents cases where control is taken control group based on criteria matched to the case group. Samples were taken using the criteria of inclusion and exclusion of patients who had met at the hospital for approval following the research. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and correlation analysis with chi-square test at the significant level of 5% (0.05). Results of the analysis showed no difference in the level of stress in the case and control groups. Results of the study showed no association of variables where breeding places (TPA grocery p = 0.627, not grocery p = 0.500, natural p = 0.305), the practice of 3M (p = 0.070) and the practice of taking out the trash (p = 0.635) with dengue cases.


Nonaxisymmetric error fields arising from departures of the coil systems from axisymmetry can pose serious problems for the tokamak divertor. The X points of the divertor are particularly sensitive to being shifted by n = 0 error fields; toroidal `bundle diverting` or bunching of heat flux coming from the core of the tokamak can produce hot spots on carefully designed divertor structures. Toroidal variation of the angle of incidence on the divertor by the n = 0 error field can also locally peak the heat flux. Multiple field line tracing of a typical diverted Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) configuration with nonconcentric poloidal field (PF) coils is used to predict that if the toroidal variation of the peak divertor heat flux is to be kept to within {+-}25%, the principal PF coils responsible for the diverting must be aligned to {+-}2 mm of concentricity with the toroidal field. 10 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.


All chemical subtractions [1, 2, 7] isolatcd front wool keratin by techniques in which only limited hydrolysis can occur have been shown to contain the same Nterminat aminoacids as found in whole wool, altliough thcy are present in increased amounts. y-IB:eratose, the, acid-sotubte fraction obtained from uxiclizec~. wool, has been shown to consist of many subtractions 13 each of which gives the ~ante :~'-tertninal aminoacids. This remarkable trttifclrntityrises the question as to wrhether these acids are present as teriiiiiial groups or whether they arise from aminoacids or :,rttstll peptides' ccmtl>lexecl to larger 1>rrlyltetatirle chain.;, particutarty as it has been reported' that cysteic acid is present in y-keratose as the ammonium salt [4J. The. work reported here was carried out to determine the validity of this suggestion. The elution pattern of ~~-keratusc from columns of Sephadex (t-25 was analyzed by the ninhydrin procedure °


Background and aims: The incidence of CMPA in infancy seems to be approximately 3%. In Italy diagnosis of CMPA is often over estimated. The double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge(DBPCFC) is widely considered as the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of food allergy. Methods: 14 patients, (12 months-12 yrs) previously diagnosed as having CMPA, underwent our diagnostic algorithm in order to confirm or to exclude diagnosis. Diagnostic algorithm includes: total blood cell count, serum IgE assay, RAST, betalactotest, Prick by prick with fresh milk, chemical examination and eosinophilic cell count of the stools. DBPCFC was performed with extensively hydrolyzed formula (as placebo) VS a lactose-free, cow milk derived formula. At discharge a post challenge form was given to parents to record delayed symptoms that might occur at home. Results: 12 out of 14 patients had positive results for skin prick test (prick by prick) and four out of them also presented specific IgE against CMPs. 13 patients showed tolerance to CMP during and after DBPCFC and had no symptoms also in the next 72h. Only one patient, aged 30 months, had to keep CMP avoidance. Conclusion: In our survey DBPCFC demonstrated tolerance to CMP for all but one patients. DBPCFC is effective also to disconfirm diagnosis of CMPA. Skin prick tests and serological specific IgE do not always correlate with oral tolerance test. Subjects with positive skin prick test and high serological specific IgE against CMP but tolerant at DBPCFC may reintroduce cow milk proteins in to their dietary meals.


In areas with steep slope zones in deep water and rugged seafloor, even using long acquisition cable, the reflected point out of the cable length, because of the variable direction of propagation of diffracted multiples. It makes diffracted multiple prediction without sufficient near offset or negative offset information, so that we cannot predict and suppress diffracted multiples exactly. This has been a big problem for us in suppression of diffracted multiples from steep slope zones in deep water. This paper presents a new method based on the feedback iteration model, introduces the adjacent shot record into the feedback iteration model, to supplement the near offset and negative offset data information. Tests on the Sigsbee2b model and real data show that this method can suppress well the diffracted multiples associated with the free surface of steep slopes in deep water.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method for obtaining the file block reference count, an ordinary client side and a management client side. By means of the method, the ordinary client side and the management client side, the reference count of one file block can be modified through a large number of users. The method includes the steps that the ordinary client side issues a file block access request to a cloud storage system; the ordinary client side confirms the type of a reference count object of the file block, wherein the reference count object is used for representing the reference count of the file block, the type of the reference count object includes the value obtained after the reference count is increased by one or decreased by one, and the reference count object includes unique identification information of the file block; the ordinary client side sends the corresponding reference count object to the cloud storage system according to the type of the reference count object, wherein the reference count object is stored in a memorizer of the cloud storage system. The method is suitable for the technical field of storage.


Here we present a Bayesian method of including discrete measurements of dispersion measure due to the interstellar medium in the direction of a pulsar as prior information in the analysis of that pulsar. We use a simple simulation to show the efficacy of this method, where the inclusion of the additional measurements results in both a significant increase in the precision with which the timing model parameters can be obtained, and an improved upper limit on the amplitude of any red noise in the dataset. We show that this method can be applied where no multi-frequency data exists across much of the dataset, and where there is no simultaneous multi-frequency data for any given observing epoch. Including such information in the analysis of upcoming International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) and European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) data releases could therefore prove invaluable in obtaining the most constraining limits on gravitational wave signals within those datasets.


Considering the coal mass deformation and the change of permeability and porosity in the production process of gas drainage,this paper has established the gas-solid coupling dynamic mathematical model of gas drainage,which is based on the synchronous migration theory of coal bed gas seepage diffusion.Taking a mine in Jincheng for example,combined with the characteristics of coal seam occurrence in the mine,and with the aid of Comsol multiphysics software,this paper has carried out numerical simulation.The simulation results show that the effective radius and drainage time of gas extraction accord with the power function relationship;with the increase of embedding depth of coal seam and overburden stress,the permeability and porosity of coalbed decrease,which raises the difficulty of gas drainage.So,to improve the coal seam permeability and porosity is more important compared with to increase gas extraction rate;Suction pressure of the drainage system has little effect on gas extraction.


In approaching the design of an electrorheology-based, semi-active suspension, the electrorheological component (ER damper) can be built as either a flow-mode, shear-mode, or mixed-mode type of damper. The source of damping force in the flow-mode is exclusiuely from flow-inducedpressure drop across a value, while that in the shear-mode is purely from the shear stress on a sliding surface. The dynamics of the fluid flow are included in the derivation of the zero-field damping forces. The control effectiveness is found to be strongly related to the dynamic constant (which is proportional to the square root of the vibration frequency) and, for shearandflow-mode dampers, the ratio of the piston area to the cross-section of the ER control gap


Automated tools for semiconductor wafer defect analysis are becoming more necessary as device densities and wafer sizes continue to increase. Trends towards larger wafer formats and smaller critical dimensions have caused an exponential increase in the volume of defect data which must be analyzed and stored. To accommodate these changing factors, automatic analysis tools are required that can efficiently and robustly process the increasing amounts of data, and thus quickly characterize manufacturing processes and accelerate yield learning. During the first year of this cooperative research projected between SEMATECH and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a robust methodology for segmenting signature events prior to feature analysis and classification was developed. Based on the results of this segmentation procedure, a feature measurement strategy has been designed based on interviews with process engineers coupled with the analysis of approximately 1500 electronic wafermap files. In this paper, the authors represent an automated procedure to rank and select relevant features for use with a fuzzy pair-wise classifier and give examples of the efficacy of the approach taken. Results of the feature selection process are given for two uniquely different types of class data to demonstrate a general improvement in classifier performance.


The engineering project management is elaborated from manpower, cost, resources and other aspects. Practical management and control measures are proposed based upon introduction of progress management and construction quality control in order to realize coordinate development of management and control.


There is a continuous documented trend of low enrolments of children in the Early Childhood Education Centers in Kenya and these low enrolments continue to increase with the years. This study establishes the reasons for the low enrolments based on parental views and opinions. To document this, data is collected from 390 parents with children enrolled in pre-schools and parents with children not enrolled in pre-schools. A questionnaire with open-ended questions for parents is used. Data derived from the questionnaire is analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study recommends that the government of Kenya needs to subsidize the Early Childhood Education costs so that more children can enroll in these centers.


The comparision was made on the denitrogenation effect of domestic sewage between the aerobic membrane bioreactor and the intermittent membrane bioreactor.Results showed that when great changes of the nitrogen load and COD/TN of influent occured,the intermittent membrane bioreactor can be flexible to change operating conditions to reach the better denitrification effect,which demonstrates a good capacity of resistance to impact load.The intermittent membrane bioreactor is obviously superior to the aerobic membrane bioreactor in the removal effect of TN,and the average removal rates are 63.9% and 15.34% respectively.In terms of removal of NH3-N,the average removal rate of intermittent membrane bioreactor is 87.4%,however,for the aerobic membrane bioreactor alkali should be added to get higher removal rate and the average is 78.7%.


Tooth surface contact deformation is part of the main causes for gear system vibration. The safety region of the single-stage spur system vibration is established based on the tooth surface contact deformation. Safe basin and its erosion are calculated numerically according to the safety region as the system control parameters are varied. The basin of attraction in the safe basin is computed by combining the simple cell-to-cell method. Vibration safety and global dynamics of the gear system are investigated. Some bifurcations and mechanisms of the erosion of safe basin are studied by using phase portraits, Poincaré maps, bifurcation diagrams under multi-initial values and top Lyapunov exponents (TLE). The sensitivity of system behavior and bifurcation to initial values are discussed as well. Hidden bifurcating points and attractors are revealed. To get a better understanding of the sensitivity of the system behavior to initial values, a bifurcation dendrogram under multi-initial values is designed. It is found that there is the erosion of safe basin existing in the examining area. Both vibration amplitude changing of coexisting attractors and appearing or disappearing of coexisting attractors are the main causes for the erosion of the safe basin. Bifurcation of the system behavior is selective to initial values. With varying frequency, backlash and comprehensive transmission error, the period-1 response gradually bifurcates under multi-initial conditions and evolves into other new periodic responses that coexist with the period-1 response. The new coexisting response has a key effect on the erosion of the safe basin. The study is helpful to the optimization design of the gear system and the control of the system behavior.


The article elaborates the biography of a prominent Muslim scholar of the second half of the 18th century Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani. The scholar contributed greatly to the renaissance of traditions of Muslim education, especially to the teaching of the Arabic language in Volga region and Ural. Based on the written source "Petition of Naimanov quba", introduced by the authors into the scientific community for the first time, it became possible to clarify the information already available about this historical figure. Particularly, analysis of the said document allowed us to identify that the real name of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani was Kazakay-kadi, the son of Ali (Aliev), and the fact of him owning a son – Magomatjan (Muhammadjan), who also was both a teacher in madrasa and a qadi. The article provides an original version of the reasons for the distortion of the scholar's name. The scholar's belonging to the Karanogai quba (kin) Naiman, as well as previously unknown information about the return of his son to his father's homeland have been revealed. The biography of Kazakay-kadi Aliev is verified by the authors based on a critical comparison of the facts provided in the text, and on fragmentary information contained in the works of Shihab ad-Din Marjani, Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov and Nazir ad-Dorgeli, which allowed to specify the circumstances of his appearance in the Orenburg province and his subsequent relocation to the Kazakh steppe, as well as his role in Russian-Kazakh relations.The reconstruction of the biography of the scholar is supplemented by a list of his most outstanding students. The newly discovered source is of not only historical, but also linguistic interest as a written monument of the North Caucasian Turkic language. The content of the source text is analyzed based on the textological, paleographic and historical-comparative methods of analysis. The document under study contains extensive anthroponymic material that can significantly expand the previously accumulated fund of ancient Nogai proper names.


There are many reasons to review a collection: to evaluate its scholarly contribution, to assess its intellectual engagement, to take the measure of its political mien and, of course, to recommend it to others. Because I had doubts about all of these considerations, I only reluctantly accepted the invitation of Postcolonial Studies to review this book. Having written a great deal and, of course, very differently on the volume's theme, I took this charge on board to clarify what separates us*with respect to Gramsci and with regard to the postcolonial. My aim was to identify problems of method, attitude, and scholarly argument of a sort that has led to the low estimation, overall, of postcolonial studies. Divisions within the field are not widely known outside it, and younger students are increasingly brought into the fold without any idea about earlier scholarship, history, or value. Internally, however, the field's practitioners enforce a rather John Foster Dulles-like adherence to unquestioned maxims: you are either with us or against us. All of this is to say that it seems impossible for a critical review such as mine to stand on its own without being asked*as the journal has*that it be framed by other scholars' comments, or accompanied by a point-by-point refutation, as here, thereby blunting the force of its critique. Would that all of us who have published books had the luxury of such an explanatory 'time-out'! To be blunt, I do not believe The Postcolonial Gramsci merits a forum such as this. Since I am subject to space limitations, let me say that I find the editors' treatment of Gramsci in their purported clarification to be as uninformed or derivative as in the volume itself. Moreover, there is the same superciliousness and swagger, which is problematic, if by now familiar. Just very quickly: (1) their footnote defending Srivastava's piece occludes the fact that her essay says nothing about Gramsci's analysis of imperial cosmopolitanism in regard to African-American colonies in Africa. She now concedes this fact, and by doing so concedes my point. The rest is superfluous, again managing to confuse pan-Africanism with Liberian colonization schemes, and confusing W E B du Bois with Edward Wilmot Blyden; (2) the 'organic intellectual' in Gramsci is not (as they erroneously repeat) only subaltern representatives of national-popular culture but intellectuals who help organize, practically, the interests of a class. Time-motion studies experts in factories (hardly subaltern!) are one of Gramsci's principal examples; (3) their account of my argument about southern intellectuals in Wars of Position leaves out long passages that fundamentally change my meaning (see p 271 of that book). Postcolonial Studies, 2013, Vol. 16, No. 1, 87 89


The location of the mono-membrane and the bi-membrane vesicles of mouse sperm was identified using Con A in conjugation with the colloidal gold. The observation showed that both mono-membrane vesicfes and outer layer of the hi-membrane vesicles come from the outer acrosome membrane. The inner membrane layer of the bi-member vesicles and residual membrane distributed among the vesicles are really the ptasmatemma. It is suggested that the outer acrosome membrane did not fuse with the pfasmafemma during mouse sperm acrosome reaction and that both the mono-membrane and the bi-membrane vesicles of mouse sperm were formed due to winding of the outer acrosome membrane.


Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) form the major part of the skin flora of man and other mammals and were considered to be non-pathogenic in past. However infections with these have been reported since 1950 with increasing frequency. [1] International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 3(2016) pp. 114-120 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Background. The present of the national musical culture is characterized by a kind of synthesis between imitation of the original folk-instrumental traditions with the latest ideological models and performing means. The art of bandura players also occupies a proper place in the development of academic folk instruments of Ukraine. A prominent place in the diversity of ensemble groups of large forms is occupied by the bandura band "Sun" of Kharkiv I. P. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts, whose artistic director and conductor is a famous and talented bandura player, senior lecturer at the Department of Folk Instruments of Ukraine, Kharkiv National University of Arts Nadiya Melnik. The band has a unique performance portrait, relatively long creative path and its own genre and style specifics of development. Today the band is the only large educational bandura ensemble in Kharkiv, which presents the performing traditions of Sloboda Ukraine but, unfortunately, in the musicological discourse there are no studies on the creative activity of this artistic association, analysis of development specifics and its role in the development of bandura performance of Ukraine, which determines the relevance of the article. Many scholars such as: L. Yashchenko, V. Umanets, R. Kiyanovska, A.Ivanysh, T. Cherneta and others studied the development, the stages of formation and the specifics of activities of large bandura groups in Ukraine. The main attention of musicologists and bandura practitioners is devoted to the activities of powerful and leading large ensembles and bandura groups. Among them there are National Honored Bandura Band of Ukraine named after G. I. Mayboroda, bandura choir "Magician" of the Dnipro Academy of Music named after M. Glinka, bandura choir "Lyubava" of Poltava College of Arts named after M. V. Lysenko and others. However, the study of the creative activity of the bandura band "Sun" of Kharkiv I. P. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts under the direction of N. V. Melnyk, which today has a strong potential and vividly represents the bandura performance not only of Kharkiv, but of Ukraine as a whole remains unnoticed. The purpose and objectives of the article are to highlight the main stages of formation and specifics of the creative activity of the bandore band "Sun" as a bright representative of modern bandura performance in Kharkov. To achieve this goal, the following tasks must be completed: – to identify the main stages of development of the bandura band "Sun"; – to analyze the performance and repertoire of the bandura band "Sun"; – to determine the specifics of the development of creative activity of the bandura band "Sun". Methods. To achieve this goal and solve the main tasks of the article, the method of artistic and scientific research was used. Results. Basing on the method of art research, it was found that at the present stage the band is the only large group that represents the bandura performance not only of Kharkiv but also in the Sloboda region. Significant events in the artistic life of the participants are marked, which characterize the main milestones in the history of formation and development of the band: the period of the band, the first state recognition of bandura conductors as a professional artists, creation of a bandore band for the first time, winning the laureate title (I place at the all-Ukrainian competition which is called "Ring, bandura" (Dnepropetrovsk, 2004)). The synthesis of traditional performance forms with modern elements of music, combination of vocal and instrumental material and dramatization, melodic recitation, artistic experiments etc. is characteristic for the work of the artistic team. Conclusions. Summarizing all what is written above, we can say that the bandura band "Sun" is a powerful highly professional team with its own performance and drama approach, genre and style features and specific development features: combination of vocal-instrumental material and theatrical performance, melodic, etc. The high appreciation of the bandura players' creative activity by the leading musicologists of Ukraine and the popularity of the famous artistic group testifies to its recognition in the musicological circle and among the fans of bandura performance in Kharkiv and in Ukraine as a whole.


Data Compression is the science and art of representing information in a compact form. Compression is the process of coding that will effectively reduce the total number of bits needed to represent certain information.Data compression has been one of the critical enabling technologies for the ongoing digital multimedia revolution .data compression also called as source coding or bitrate reduction. There are different compression algorithms which are available in different formats. Data compressions are generally lossless and lossy data compression. In this paper, we study different methods of lossless data compression algorithms and calculating the entropy on English text files: Shanon-Fano coding, Huffman Encoding, RunLength Encoding (RLE), Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW).


Patients without nodal metastases now account for 50-60% of all potentially curable patients with breast cancer. This should be a source of satisfaction in view of the relatively good prognosis. The truth is that a substantial number of these patients will eventualy die of dissemination originating from metastases that were present but undetected at the time of initial treatment. For the last 15 years studies periodically have suggested that systemic adjuvant chemotherapy favorably influenced the course of patients without nodal metastases. Randomized trials of adjuvant therapy for selected cases in England, Scotland, Vienna, Milan, and the United States have demonstrated increased freedom from recurrence and in some instances improved survival [ 1-71. Treatment of node negative patients has not had official sanction, however, until recently when a "Clinical Alert" from the National Cancer Institute (May 16, 1988) identified them as appropriate candidates for systemic adjuvant therapy, stating that it could have a "meaningful impact" on the natural history of stage I cancers. The alert made reference to forthcoming papers on the subject that subsequently appeared in the February 23, 1989, issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. The publications concerned four large randomized trials conducted by prestigious cooperative groups. Two were conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), the first of which involved 2,644 women 70 years of age or less with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors who were randomized to receive tamoxifen or a placebo twice daily for 5 years in double-blind fashion (protocol B-14) [8]. At the end of 4 years a 6% improvement in survival free from disease was observed (83% vs. 77%), and this was shared by both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Tamoxifen more than trebled the risk of phlebitis, and one treated patient died of pulmonary embolism. The second NSABP study (protocol B-13) involved 679 women and the same patient selection except that tumors were ER negative [9]. l'hese patients received 1 year of cyclic sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil parenterally with leucovorin rescue. After 4 years a 9% improvement in disease-free survival was observed (80% vs. 71%), and the gain was significant in both preand postmenopausal patients. The third report, an intergroup study led by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, involved 406 women with ER-negative tumors of any size or ER-positive tumors 3 cm or greater in diameter [lo]. The treated patients received six 4 week cycles of combination chemotherapy with cytoxan, methotrexate, fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP). After a median of 3 years, a 15% improvement in disease-free survival was evident in favor of the group that received chemotherapy (69% vs. 84%). Although all age groups benefitted, the effect was greatest for premenopausal women. Severe drug related toxicity was sustained by 33% of treated patients and caused one death. Finally, the Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group, based in Switzerland, randomized 1,275 women 65 years of age or less to a single 2 week perioperative cycle of cytoxan, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) plus leucovorin or to no treatment and, after a mean follow-up of 4 years, found a 4% improvement in disease-free survival (77% vs. 73%) [ 1 I] . The difference was significant overall and for the subgroup of ER-negative patients. Unfortunately, three patients died from treatment. These reports raised the issue of whether systemic adjuvant therapy should now be standard for all node negative patients with breast cancer, whether this is cost effective, and whether the anticipated benefits justify the risks. Two editorials that accompanied the articles presented entirely different assessments [12,13]. Dr. Vincent DeVita considered the reductions in the risk of recurrence "impressive," remarked on the minimal toxicity of two of the chemotherapy programs, and concluded that "all women with newly diagnosed localized invasive breast cancer can and should be offered some form of systemic treatment." William McGuire, on the


Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of root of Aralia racemosa was evaluated by cup plate method against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli and Micrococcus luteus using ciprofloxacin100μg/well as standard drug. The ethanol extract of root of Aralia racemosa demonstrated a high degree of activity against all the tested bacterial strains except Acinetobacter and Micrococcus luteus; where as the aqueous extract of root showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli.


The hormonal form of vitamin D, 1α,25(OH) 2−Vitamin D3 [1,25(OH) 2D3], stimulates signal transduction pathways in intestinal cells. To gain insight into the relative importance of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the rapid hormone responses, the amounts and localization of the VDR were evaluated in young (3 months) and aged (24 months) rat intestinal cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot studies showed that VDR levels are diminished in aged enterocytes. Confocal microscopy assays revealed that the VDR and other immunoreactive proteins have mitochondrial, membrane, cytosolic and perinuclear localization. Western blot analysis using specific antibodies detected the 60 and 50 kDa bands expected for the VDR and low molecular weight inmunoreactive proteins in the cytosol and microsomes and, to a lesser extent, in the nucleus and mitochondria in young enterocytes. Since changes in hormone receptor levels appear to constitute a common manifestation of the ageing process, we also analyzed 1,25(OH) 2D3 binding properties and VDR levels in subcellular fractions from young and aged rats. In competition binding assays, employing [3H]‐1,25(OH) 2D3 and 1,25(OH) 2D3, we have detected specific binding in all subcellular fractions, with maximum binding in mitochondria and nucleus. VDR protein levels and 1,25(OH) 2D3 binding affinities were diminished with ageing. These results could be correlated with changes in non‐genomic biological responsiveness (MAPK activation) to 1,25(OH) 2D3 that we previously reported.


Abstract This article examines the merit of Sir Richard F. Burton's accomplishments during his controversial life as linguist and translator, explorer, and consular official as well as the validity of some accepted details. Mention is made of Burton's interest in activities which were unacceptable in Victorian Britain, and how his wife, Isabel, dealt with it. The value of Isabel's writing on local customs is considered. An attempt is made to analyse Isabel's actions in relation to Burton's way of thinking. This article has tried to illustrate the extent of the Burtons' understanding of other cultures in relation to the general outlook of the time. Discrepancies in published information are considered. Important UK depositories of source materials and also web sources are noted. English translation from Arabic appears in different forms in British, American, and other publications. For the purpose of this article the spelling is given as seen in the quoted text.


It is well known that, after recovery has occurred from the acute effects of a head injury, numerous vestiges of the injury often remain or develop in the form of subacute or chronic symptoms and signs. In an attempt to establish a basis for more accurate determination as to the prognosis of these later sequelae, we have investigated 255 cases, which have been followed from one to five years after accident. In this study we were primarily concerned with the relationship existing between the location of the fracture and the development and duration of both symptoms and neurologic signs, as well as with the significance of the primary period of unconsciousness. The series was subdivided into groups depending on the presence and location of fracture, the diagnosis of which was determined by roentgenography. Rupture of the ear membrane, with resulting hemorrhage, or a distended bluish membrane was considered diagnostic of


Palliative Medicine's evolving multidimensional nature and accent upon maximising comfort and quality of life that "requires changing one's conceptual model from disease and diagnosis to patient goals, prognosis and function" creates a unique challenge for medical educators and curriculum planners [1]. Mentoring has been proposed as a means of circumnavigating Palliative Medicine's educational hurdles [2-5]. Though theoretically viable, the employment of mentoring in Palliative Medicine has been hindered by the presence of a variety of descriptions of mentoring approaches and practices. The situation is compounded by an absence of a clear definition of mentoring and a lack of a clear understanding of mentoring approaches have slowed the development of effective mentoring programs [6-8].


Introduction: Despite substantial advances in the treatment of Hemophilia A with the use of concentrated factor VIII preparations during recent decades, bleeding episodes still occur from time to time. The development of inhibitors significantly reduces the efficacy of traditional replacement therapy, seriously increasing morbidity and mortality in these patients. Emicizumab (HEMLIBRA ®) is a chimeric bispecific humanized antibody that bridges activated FIX and FX and thus restores the function of missing activated FVIII. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the literature date of the effect of Emicizumab in the treatment of Hemophilia A. Results: Multicenter randomized studies called HAVEN have shown excellent results of this medication in the treatment of patients with Hemophilia A. FVIII inhibitors do not bind to or neutralize Emicizumab and therefore have no effect on the hemostatic activity of the drug. Emicizumab prophylaxis produced a significant reduction in treated bleedings of 79%, compared to with the group of patients on prophylaxis with bypassing agents, while the rate grew up to even 95% after longer observation. Other studies have also confirmed good treatment results and a favorable safety profile in both adults and children. In the cases of bleeding events or preparation for immediate surgical interventions, it is recommended to user FVII (NovoSeven) ® according to previous guidelines. Conclusion: The results of the prophylactic use of Emicizumabhave so far shown that it may be a revolutionary preparation that can significantly reduce bleeding episodes and improve the quality of life of patients with Hemophilia A. Nevertheless, further testing of this drug is required.


Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles that influence different physiological process. These rhythms are synchronized to environmental stimuli such as light-darkness and fasting-refeeding cycles. The timely food access regulates the metabolic rhythmicity through the communication among the brain and peripheral organs leading to food anticipatory behaviour to benefit from the nutrients and accomplish energetic homeostasis. However, it does not know whether time restricted feeding synchronizes metabolic rhythms only in the presence of a certain level of calorie restriction. In the present study, we analysed metabolism indicators in rats under time restricted feeding protocols, that involved fasting-refeeding cycles accompanied by different levels of calorie restriction according to the window of time of food access. Our results indicate that time restricted feeding resynchronizes metabolic rhythms independent of calorie intake level.


For the purpose of the improvement of isocitric acid fermentation by yeasts, an attempt was made to obtain some mutants having higher activities of aconitate hydratase. As a means of obtaining such mutants, fluoroacetate-tolerant mutants were induced from Candida lipolytica IFO 1209 and 1659. The fluoroacetate-tolerant mutants thus obtained were examined for their citrate and isocitrate productivities from n-paraffins. Contrary to the expectation, no significant difference was found in regard to the ratios of the amounts of isocitrate to those of citrate between the parent strain and the mutants. Some of the mutants, however, were found to produce an unknown hydroxy-acid, which markedly inhibited the activity of NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, in appreciable amounts from n-paraffins. The mutant strain, No. R-2, which was chosen as the most excellent producer of the unknown acid, was clearly insensitive to the inhibitory effect of fluoroacetate than the parent strain, whereas, in comparison with the parent strain, the mutant showed a delay in the beginning of the growth on the medium containing no fluoroacetate. (Received June 3, 1974) ** Present address: Chigasaki-Hokuryo High School


the therapeutic approach chosen shortly after the onset of the disease, which may not include Methotrexate Abstract Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that is characterised by inflammation of the synovial membrane and progressive destruction of articular cartilage and bone. Furthermore, RA is often associated with extra-articular manifestations. A multidisciplinary approach is required for patients with RA in the peri-operative period. This review discusses the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative management of patients with RA and attempts to provide plausible answers to challenging questions that arise often when patients with RA undergo surgery. The key issues a physician has to address include controlling disease activity, assisting the wound-healing process by eliminating any delaying factors related to RA and preventing post-operative complications that may occur. The peri-operative care of patients with RA must be (strictly) personalised, given that it has to take into account a wide set of factors such as the type of surgery and the anaesthesia needed, the disease activity, the current medication the patient receives and the risk factors of co-morbidity such as age, smoking and decreased cardiac, renal, pulmonary or peripheral vascular function.


A measuring method of surface mobility for an infinite plate subject to a uniform conphase velocity excitation is investigated. In the measurement, a finite plate is employed to simulate an infinite plate and a rigid cone is used to make a uniform conphase velocity excitation. A method to deduct the affect of additional mass is derived in the paper. The results of the measurement agree with that calculated theoretically.