The indiscriminate use of fertilizers has resulted in nutrient enrichment giving rise toeutrophic conditions in many freshwater bodies in Sri Lanka. Few studies have investigatedeffects of field levels of nitrate and phosphate on commercial freshwater species. The presentstudy therefore attempted to assess the individual and synergistic effects of nitrate andphosphate on post larvae of the Giant fresh Water Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, whichare released in large quantities into reservoir systems of the dry zone of Sri Lanka. The post larvae were collected from a culture facility in Pambala, Chilaw, and wereacclimatized. After the measurement of the initial body lengths the larvae were introducedinto 500 ml glass beakers (n=10 per beaker) containing five field based concentrations ofeither nitrate (0.01 – 100 mg l-1) or phosphate (0.001 – 10 mg l-1). Controls and treatmentswere maintained in triplicate. Synergistic effects were also tested for 0.1 mg l-1 of phosphatewith three concentrations of nitrate (0.1, 1, 10 mg l-1). Survival, growth and the feedingbehaviour of the post larvae were monitored as end points of the empirical acute toxicity (96hr) trials. Results revealed that both nitrate and phosphate enhances mortality levels in prawnlarvae when acting alone at concentrations of 0.01 mg l-1and above for nitrate and 0.001mgl-1and above for phosphate. For instance, mortality in controls was 13.3 %, and for the twonutrients at the lowest test levels i.e. 0.01 mg l-1 of nitrate and 0.001 mg l-1 of phosphate, were23% and 20%, respectively. The synergistic effects with both nitrate and phosphate werelower than the additive effects of each, at all tested levels, but were greater than the recordedindividual effects. The synergistic mortality with 10 mg l-1 of nitrate and 0.1 mg l-1 ofphosphate was greater than mortality induced by each nutrient acting alone. In contrast tomortality, effects on growth were not apparent with either nitrate or phosphate acting alonenor synergistically, while the phosphate alone and both nutrients acting synergistically,appeared to cause reduced feeding. These findings highlight the need for investigating effectsof nutrient enrichment, and specifically their synergistic effects, on commercially exploitedspecies in order to predict levels of sustainability of the inland fishery resources of Sri Lanka.


Ecologic situation in Komi Republic is heterogenous. Examination covered 207 children aged 6 months to 16 years, having allergic diseases, in Ukhta, Komi Republic. Findings are correlations between allergy symptoms, severity and increased xenobiotics load.


Models for voluntary provision of public goods predict free riding is rational unless the model includes a motive for the act of giving referred to as a "warm glow" in the literature. The source for this warm glow is likely to include the gratitude of the recipient. The experimental setting employed here controls for positive or negative reciprocity from the recipient of a gift to isolate the individual satisfaction from the act of giving as the remaining motivation for giving. The experimental treatment is whether the recipient is informed that his/her payoff includes a "gift" from another participant (donor or giver). The central finding is that donations increase when the donor/giver knows that the recipient knows that a gift has been provided. Key Words:


An analytic method of optimally arranging observations for control networks is proposed in this paper. The objective function considers cost minimization and utilizes the requirements of the compos...


Trade facilitation refers to the reduction of compliant transaction costs in commercial activities through streamlining administrative procedures, improving administrative efficiency, and optimizing the specific provisions of relevant laws and regulations under the leadership of government administrative departments, thereby promoting the convenient circulation of goods and services. In the process of development of the Hunan Pilot Free Trade Zone, we should take the construction of the rule of law as the foundation and actively promote the extension of trade facilitation to a higher level through institutional innovation.


About 10 years ago Rachmiel Levine, myself, and a number of colleagues began to direct our attention to the structure of the cell as a possible site of insulin action as opposed to a direct action upon one of the specific intracellular enzymes of intermediary metabolism.' In a surprisingly short period of time this approach to the mechanism of action of insulin achieved general interest. It is with considerable chagrin, however, that we must now view in retrospect earlier neglected statements of remarkable clarity that indicated the probability of facilitation of entry of sugar as the primary action of insulin?. a Such statements of Hober in 1914; of Lundsgaard in 1939: and of others passed with as little influence on the work of contemporary investigators as they did upon the continued investigations of their proponents. This was an era of all-consuming interest in the ever-developing field of enzymology. The search for the site of action of insulin paralleled the development of ideas of enzyme pathways. Each point of coduence of the flow of intermediary steps from protein, carbohydrate, and fat has briefly but temporarily occupied interest as a proposed point of insulin action. In 1946 Soskin and Levine presented a critical review of this area of work4 and gave expression to a growing general conviction that insulin must act a t some very early enzymatic step. To designate the action of insulin, they described the hormone as promoting the entry of glucose into metabolism. The initial phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase as the site of insulin action not only stood out as the most logical conclusion of all the past work, but also represented the last point of retreat through the enzyme schemes. When the subsequent demonstration of an action of insulin on hexokinase suffered the same fate of inacceptability on general testing, logical points of insulin-enzyme interaction were now exhausted, a t least for the moment. A step ahead of intermediary metabolism was demanded, and this lay in the enveloping package for the enzymes of intermediary metabolism: namely, the limiting surface of the cell. We revived interest in the speculation of the relationship of cellular entry of sugar to the action of insulin by a new and independent demonstration. In essence, we were able to dissociate cellular entry of a glucoselike sugar from subsequent enzymatic or metabolic alterations of that sugar.s We have reported experiments with the eviscerated-nephrectomized dog and rat in which insulin effected the area of distribution of glucose congeners.6* In this preparation, deprived of its abdominal viscera and kidneys, the remaining tissues comprise about 90 per cent of the body weight. Response to the presence or absence of insulin is retained with respect to glucose metabolism, but the capacity to metabolize a variety of other sugars is markedly altered. For many carbohydrate substances, the enzymes capable of chemical manipulation of these materials, being located exclusively in the abdominal viscera, are now absent. Such metabolically inert sugars, when introduced intravenously in the eviscerated-nephrectomized preparation, are distributed in what-


Through the circuit models of bandpass fillter,the main factors of affecting the resonant power are presented: unloaded quality factor Q u,relative bandwidth,main coupling coefficient and cross-coupling.For the effect of relative bandwith and main coupling coefficient,a reasonable explanation with the theory of group delay is given.For the effect of cross-coupling coefficient to some resonators in cascaded-triplet(CT) and cascaded-quadruplet(CQ) sections,a qualitative analysis by phase method is given.Finally,a TM mode ceramic dielectric resonator filters with CT sections is made,the experiment result agrees very well with the circuit simulation one.


With the increase of the complexity of the network, the role of the network management becomes more and more important. In order to fulfill network management more effectively, this paper investigates the application of distributed object computing technology in the network management, and presents a vista of the future trend in management technology.


The influence of laminar-turbulent transition on a propeller blade's performance has been investigated in this study, both numerically and experimentally. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed using the TAU code developed by the German Aerospace Center, as well as an existing propeller lifting-line code. The laminar-turbulent transition is simulated using the ?-Re?t correlation based transition model, which is compared to the results of the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation turbulence model. To validate the CFD data, experiments are performed in the Open Jet Facility of Delft University of Technology, where the laminar-turbulent transition is measured using an infrared camera. The results show that at high advance ratios, the difference between the CFD simulations using the laminar-turbulent transition model and the one-equation turbulence model is large. This can be explained due to the trailing edge separation which is present in the case where laminar-turbulent transition is modeled. At lower advance ratios, the difference between the two CFD models becomes smaller. This is due to the fact that a larger portion of the flow over the blade becomes turbulent. Comparing the CFD results to the experimental results it can be seen that the location of transition predicted by the CFD simulations shows some agreement with the experimental results.


This paper evaluates the stability properties of optimal monetary policy rules when professionals under adaptive learning have asymmetric preferences. The asymmetric preferences require volatility estimates in real time. An expectations‐based rule can stabilize the economy, while a fundamentals‐based rule leads to instability.


The classical theory of recessive oncogenesis predicted a mutational mechanism for the inactivation of tumor suppressor (TS) genes. This prediction has been amply confirmed, but an alternative, nonmutational, pathway for loss of TS gene activity has also come into focus. For some TS genes, this epigenetic pathway is more frequent than the mutational one. The best-studied DNA modification that correlates with epigenetic gene silencing is methylation of cytosine residues in CpG sequences, and CpG methylation has recently been linked to an even more general mechanism of epigenetic silencing, histone deacetylation. From a combination of descriptive studies and manipulative experiments, some hints of mechanisms for epigenetic silencing of TS genes in cancer cells are beginning to emerge. Here, I discuss several well-documented examples of epigenetic gene silencing in human cancers. I then consider potential mechanisms for de novo methylation of TS genes in cancer. These include spreading of DNA methylation from repetitive sequences into promoterassociated CpG islands secondary to loss of transcriptional activator proteins, gain of methylation secondary to hyperexpression of transcriptional repressors, primary hypermethylation due to hyperexpression of methyltransferases, and interallelic transfer of methylation via gene pairing. In some cancers, environmental pressures that select for a hypermethylating cellular phenotype may drive these processes. DNA methylation and heritable gene silencing Epigenetic gene silencing refers to nonmutational gene inactivation that can be faithfully propagated from precursor cells to clones of daughter cells. The addition of methyl groups to cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides in DNA is a biochemical modification that meets this requirement. A very striking example of the potential for CpG methylation to be heritable is provided by epimutations in plants. Genes carrying epimutations cause morphological phenotypes to be transmitted from generation to generation, not based on any alteration in the


We have realized a novel method to create entanglement between two photons with a very high difference in their OAM quantum number and momentum respectively. Furthermore we have explored hybrid entanglement of photons in the OAM and polarization degree of freedom.


This chapter outlines the centrality of housing as a home for human dignity and wellbeing, using a social justice, human rights and psychological approach to housing. It details the impact of homelessness and housing insecurity on child and family wellbeing. It explains how and why housing is a human right in international law, including the UN definition of adequate housing, and the right to housing in European law and European countries. It details the new housing movement, The Shift and housing strategies based on human rights, key principles of a human rights-based housing strategy. It then outlines the status of right to housing in Ireland, its absence in law, and recent debates around its inclusion in the Constitution. It details the case for why the Right to Housing should be included in Irish law and the Constitution.


Salient features of the free vibration of simply supported, inclined parabolic cables are examined, and simple approximate expressions are presented with the aid of which the complete spectrum of natural frequencies can be determined readily. In addition, closed‐form expressions for several infinite series involving integrals of the natural modes of the cable are given which are of value in analyses of dynamic response.


The number of Total Hip Arthroplasties (THAs) in England is increasing. Careful analysis of THA radiographs, by both orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists, is key to ascertaining both the short and the long-term survival and function of the implants in question. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a systematic approach to assessing post-operative THA radiographs, with sufficient knowledge to critique the procedure and assess for complications. An outline of the prostheses, role of cement, positioning, and complications is presented. The authors also recommend a format for presenting these radiographs in a clear and structured manner.


While exposure to microbial antigens in peripheral sites causes expansion of antigen-specific T cells, a role for antigen-specific expansion had not been identified during T cell development in the thymus. We recently found that intestinal colonization induced intestinal dendritic cells migration to the thymus, driving thymic expansion of microbiota-specific T cells early in life. In contrast, colonization in adulthood leads to expansion of peripheral but not thymic microbiota-specific T cells. Thymic microbiota-specific T cells developed early in life were undifferentiated and caused intestinal inflammation in immunocompromised hosts upon antigen reencounter. We sought to understand regulation of this developmental window and define if thymic expansion of microbiota-specific T cells could be restarted in adult mice. We found that microbiota manipulation reestablished expansion of microbiota-specific T cells in the thymus of adult mice. We are in the process of characterizing these T cells in adulthood to assess their impact on intestinal inflammation. Our data suggests that intestinal colonization controls the generation of thymic microbiota-specific T cells which has the potential to modulate inflammatory processes.


is disclosed a solar cell (200). The solar cell (200) has a front face (202) facing the sun during normal operating conditions, as well as a back side facing away from the sun (204). The solar cell includes a silicon substrate (210), a first polysilicon layer having a region (227) doped Polysilikons on the backside of the substrate (210). The solar cell also includes a second polysilicon layer with a second region (229) doped Polysilikons on the back of the silicon substrate (210). The second polysilicon layer covering at least partially the area of the doped Polysilikons. The solar cell (200) also includes a resistive region (224) disposed in the first polysilicon layer. The resistive region (224) extends from an edge of the second region (229) doped Polysilikons. The resistive region (224) may be formed by ion implantation of oxygen into the first polysilicon layer.


Corporate e-learning is becoming general, the use of electronic learning systems is constantly expanding. Corporate training is characterized by the availability of a corporate knowledge base, which is constantly expanding. In order to achieve stable development of company, transparency and access to knowledge and information is necessary. This ensures a thorough understanding of the executed work by all employees of the company. Therefore, a key objective in this context is a generalization, accumulation and transmission of corporate knowledge to any employee of the company under the corporate training. In addition, it is crucial to find the suitable content in the learning process in order to save time and quickly get involved in the workflow. Thus, new systems are needed that can effectively recommend the necessary educational material for users on the basis of their preferences.


Abstract: A new test system has been developed that uses a vector network analyzer (VNA) to make RF and microwave S-Parameter, power accuracy, power linearity, harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion, phase noise, and frequency accuracy measurements. The test system, which includes fixturing to allow connecting various devices under test (DUTs), has been deployed in a manufacturing test environment. Measurement uncertainties take into account the expected temperature range of the manufacturing environment, the impact of the fixturing, and the expected uncertainties from the measuring equipment. The environmental and fixturing characterizations were determined by repeatedly calibrating the vector network analyzer under various environmental conditions, and then analyzing the variability of the measured values when correcting for multiple calibrations. This paper discusses the test system design, the characterization of the fixturing, the effects of temperature, and the validation of the calibration process. The paper also provides a detailed discussion of power accuracy measurements.


The Florida‐07 peanut contains more oleic acid vs. standard peanut strains. Consumption of oleic acid, a major constituent of olive oil, may favorably influence blood lipid levels. To determine if consumption of high‐oleic peanuts improved lipid metabolism standard rodent diets were modified to provide either high‐oleic acid utilizing the F‐07 peanut or the AP‐3 peanut containing lower levels of oleic acid. Two peanut‐free, high‐ and low‐oleic control diets were prepared using non‐peanut products (olive and corn oil). Male Golden Syrian Hamsters (n=8/group) were provided free access to diets for 33.5 days and diets were removed 36 h prior to termination of the study. ANOVA indicated a significant reduction in LDL‐cholesterol levels in hamsters consuming peanuts (1.34±0.38 vs. 1.68±0.26 mmol/L; P<0.05); further, hamsters consuming high levels of oleic acid from peanuts had lower LDL‐cholesterol compared to hamsters consuming the same level of oleic acid in a non‐peanut diet (1.26±0.39 vs. 1.72±0.13 mmol/L; P<0.05). Our data indicate beneficial effects of consumption of oleic acid and the possibility that a non‐oleic acid component of peanut may help reduce LDL levels.


Hermetic semiconductor SMDs (surface-mount devices) can now be successfully and economically integrated in most system designs because of the:-Availability of low temperature coefficient of expansion (TCE) board materials-Advances in materials-Innovative SMD carrier designs Maturity of power module technology Prior to these advancements, popularity of hermetic SMD semiconductors was hindered by the TCE incompatibility between the package and board materials and significantly wider operating temperature demands. The soldered interface of the assembly could crack when subjected to temperature extremes, i.e., after a soldering operation or after temperature cycling screens. Fig-ure1 shows the packages that will be covered, the ceramic leadless chip carrier (CLCC), the SMD and the leaded TO-25X. Generally, SMDs offer smaller size, lighter weight, and excellent thermal performance. In particular, they are widely used in high frequency applications because of their inherently low inductance and resistance. Even before the availability of low TCE board materials for hermetic SMDs, successful assembly integration of plastic SMDs was well established. This was possible because the plastic package.s TCE was comparable to the industry's standard board materials , and the operating environments for most plastic SMDs was usually benign. Package Construction The SMD package (Figure 1) differs considerably from its predecessor , the CLCC (ceramic leadless chip carrier) surface-mount package. One major difference is in the package base design. Whereas the CLCC uses tungsten feedthroughs, the SMD uses a thin piece of copper-tungsten (CuW) to minimize package thermal resistance. The SMD is typically a three-terminal device. While CLCC packages offer up to 40 terminals in larger sizes, they are smaller and generally used in lower-current and lower-power applications. In contrast, SMD packages are larger and can accommodate larger die sizes. Combining this with their excellent thermal performance , SMDs find most of their use in higher-power applications. A hermetic SMD semiconductor package consists of three terminal pads, ceramic housing, seal ring, and lid brazed together to form a hermetic, semiconductor die carrier. This SMD package is used in military and space applications, in which product reliability is imperative. As illustrated in Figure 2, a semiconductor die is soldered to a large terminal pad. This is typically a drain terminal for a MOSFET or a cathode terminal for a rectifier. It also serves as a thermal path to an external heat sink. The other two, smaller pads are gate and source terminals for a MOSFET or anode terminal(s) for a rectifier. To optimize the …


The concept of the Boyer-Hardy source-force, or Kanzaki force, for a static screw dislocation is extended to describe a moving dislocation — in a simple cubic, nearest neighbour, harmonic lattice (snapping-bond model) — and together with the phonon Green's function is used to derive expressions for the atomic displacements and time-averaged energy disspation, viz. the rate of energy transfer from the moving dislocation to the lattice vibrations. For the case in which the dislocation oscillates harmonically in time, an expression for the energy dissipation is derived which, for megahertz frequencies and lower, is then reduced to a finite sum and finite integration, and is evaluated to lowest (zeroth) order in the frequency. The way in which the method may be extended to describe a lattice containing a low concentration c of point defects in a random array is then outlined, and it is shown how the change in energy dissipation, to lowest order, is proportional to c. The method developed here is such that it can, in principle, be further generalized in a completely unambiguous fashion, to allow for a non-linear or anharmonic atomic force-law in the dynamic source-force of the dislocation as well as a temperature dependent phonon damping in the Green's function.


The summer of 2020 brought wildfire to Portland, Ore., as it did to so many other cities across the world. All outdoor activity in my neighborhood ceased for weeks, yet staying indoors didn't guarantee relief. The worst days left me woozy as my lone air purifier, whirring like a jet engine, failed to keep up.


The general problem of carbon monoxid asphyxia is reviewed. The serious neurological complications are enumerated. Special attention is given to the reports of aphasic disturbances. The fact that the damage to the nervous system can be widespread, and not simply confined to the globus pallidus, is pointed out. A case is reported, where the patient was revived after a suicidal attempt. He showed loss of the ability to perform certain skilled acts. Agraphia was present. A convulsive disorder has more recently supervened. Due to severe visuo-motor incoordination, he was unable to learn through concrete example, and a carefully planned retraining program, in which all instructions were completely verbalized, was the means by which the function of written speech was returned to the patient.


The determination of the effective thermal properties of a material from thermocouple data has always been very labour intensive. Similarly determining the Arrhenius parameters for a decomposition model from thermo-gravimetric analysis is also very time-consuming. There is little formalisation of the procedures used to determine the material properties. Despite the fact that some effort has been devoted to this topic in the literature, it is not clear whether comparable effective material properties data would result if several groups used the same experimental data. The FGE Ablation code FABL has been written in an adjoint form and has successfully been used to efficiently determine the effective material properties from experimental data. The method provides a formalised procedure where the iterative aspect of this process has been automated. The adjoint form of FABL calculates the partial differential of a cost function to many input variables in one pass of the code. The Jacobian (a matrix of the gradients) can be compiled in one calculation for n input variables, instead of from n+1 calculations which would be needed if it was calculated numerically. The Jacobian can then be used to optimise the input parameters and minimise the cost function. The cost function used in FABL is simply the sum of the absolute relative difference between the measured and predicted results. This can be the difference in thermocouple and/or surface temperatures or the variation of density with time, depending on the case being run. A simple steepest descent optimiser is currently the preferred optimisation method. The structure and flow of information in FABL Adjoint is shown in Fig. 1. An Adjoint Method to Determine the Effective Material Properties of an Ablator


Th« Bi^awar rocks arotind Par sol area, covering nearly 260 sq. kmse have been mapped and studied with an emphasis on structure, petrology and sedimentation. The metasediments of the area are divided into two distinct formations, lower and upper. Lithologically the lower formation is characterised by phyllites, quartz mica schist, banded argillite intercalated with metasandstones and thick bedded sandstones. It is conformably overlain by the upper formation, ccraiposed of carbonate rocks, banded-haematitequartzite and brecciated quartzite. New names have been informally suggested for these two formations namely, 'Parsoi phyllite* and 'Tatapahar quartzite', for the lower and upper formations respectively replacing the term "Parsoi Group" applied earlier by S.M.Mathur for the entire succession. The code recommended by the American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature (1961) has been used as a basis fdr lithostratigraphic classification of rocks. Litholo gically the 'Tatapahar quartzite* is similar to the Bijawar Series of the type area. Age determinations by Crawford(1969), suggest that there was simultaneous effusive volcanic activity in both these-areas. Thus, the two areas could have been parts of the same geosyncline. This may justify their correlation, albeit with reservation. ).' . The detailed structural analysis indicates a complex tectonic history. To work out the structure, minor secondary structuresbedding (Si), axial plane cleavage (S2), Slip cleavage ( S 3 ) , lineations produced by the intersection of bedding and cleavages, mineral lineation, and minor fold axes—were made use of. '^Si. tt S2, ft Si and B-diagrams have been prepared by dividing the entic e area into eight sub-areas. An attempt has been made to determine the movements that gave rise to the observed geometry of the folds. It is apparent from this study that the area seems to have undergone two or possibly three phases of deformation. It is probable that the ma;3or folds with their co-axial minor folds, trending in an eastwest direction, are the earliest folds (B̂ )̂. These folds are tightly appressed, soi^etimes overturned towards the north, and are thought to be produced by subhorizontal compressive stress in a north-south direction. Westerly plunging folds (83) have been produced by a second compressive stress with a direction oblique to the N-S compressive stress. Daring the late stage of deformation these earlier folds were deformed by slip cleavage which forms axial plane for the cross folds trending N-S to NW-SE direction. The movements which were responsible for the present structural configuration appear to indicate different phases of a single orogenic movement which, probably, is the Satpura Orogeny (956+40 m.y.). Petrographlc studies have been made for all the rock types, Qtiartz wacke sandstones are poorly sorted, fine-grained and Is composed of quartz, feldspars, quartzltlc and phyllltlc rock fragments embedded In a micaceous matrix. The heavy mineral suite Is rich In tonrmaline and zircon. Matrix, volumetrically, range upto 40^. Considering the light mineral composition and textural characters, the quartz-wacke sandstones appear to be Immature. Bat high content of resistant heavy Minerals like tourmaline and zircon and fresh feldspars reflect high maturity. This constrastlng feature is referred to as 'Inverted maturity' (Stanley, 1966). It is suggested that the high amount of tourmaline and zircon in quart-wacke sandstones is probably due to lack of diversity of heavy minerals in source rocks themselves. Light and heavy mineral compositions in quartz wacke sandstones reveal that they were probably derived from granite, pegmatite and metamorphic rocks of sedimentary parentage. Metamorphosed quarta wacke sandstones are classified into phyllltlc and schistose quartz wacke^ depending upon tlie degrees of metamorphic recrystallizatlon and metamorphic structures. Phylllte, argllllte and qtiartz-mica schist have undergone low-grade metamorphism under the conditions of muscovite-chlorite subfacies of the greenschlst fades. Petrographically carbonate rocks are represented by recystallised and partly recrystallised limeSstones and dolomites, tremolite marble and calcitic marble. The limestones and dolomites have been c^verted into marble where they are In immediate contact with the lava flows. The micritic character of calcite in partly recrystallised limestones and dolomites suggest chemical origin. P^jrther, there was no evidence of detrital origin either far calcite orf'or ̂dolomi-te mineral/ The banded-haematlte-quartzite Is composed of alternating bands of haematite and cherty quartz and is considered to be chemically precipitated sediment, under marine enyironments. The metasediments of the 'Parsoi phylllte* exhibit several varieties of sedimentary structures such as ripple-drift crosslaminations, graded bedding, laminations, convolute laminations, ripple marks, flute casts and load casts etc. These sedimentary structures are characteristic of turbidity current origin. The turbldites are Interbedded with pelagic shales (now phyllltes). Distal turbldite environments (Walker. 1967), suggested by the dominance of turbldite structures typical of the lower flow regime as also by their pelltic nature have been Interpreted for the metasediments of the northern part of the area. Proximal turbldite environments are on the okiier hand. Indicated by the thick-bedded sandstones, relatively coarse-grained texture, poor sorting and sharp contacts between sandstones and phyllltes for the metasediments occurring in the southern part of the area. Paleocurrent studies Indicate westerly source of sediment transport. Basic igneous activity of post-Bljawar age in the area is manifested as lava flows, sills, and dykes. The Intrusives came


1993. Corticosterone increases FGF-2 @FGF) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of the rat. NeuroReport 4: 783-786. 47. BARBANY, G. & H. PERSSON. 1992. Regulation of neurotrophin mRNA expression in the rat brain by glucocorticoids. Eur. J. Neurosci. 4: 396-403. 48. BARBANY, G. & H. PERSSON. 1993. Adrenalectomy attenuates kainic acid-elicited increases of messenger RNAs for neurotrophins and their receptors in the rat brain. Neuroscience 54: 909-922. 49. ARvlDssoN, J. & K JOHANSSON. 1988. Changes in the central projection pattern of vibrissae innervating primary sensory neurons after nerve injury in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 84: 12CL124. 50. JOHNSON, L., L. WESTRUM, . HENRY & R. CANFIELD. 1987. Transganglionic degeneration following dental lesions. In Effects of Injury on Trigeminal and Spinal Somatosensory Systems. L. Pubols & B. Sessle, Eds. 151-158. Alan R. Liss. New York. 51. GOBEL, S. 1988. An electron microscopic analysis of the transsynaptic effects of peripheral nerve injury subsequent to tooth pulp extirpations on neurons on laminae I and I1 of the medullary dorsal horn. J. Neurosci. 4 2281-2290. 52. GOBEL, S. & J. BINCK. 1977. Degenerative changes in primary trigeminal axons and in neurons in nucleus caudalis following tooth pulp extirpations in the cat. Brain Res. 132: 347-354.


This paper proposes a broad concept of institutions and examines some theoretically relevant aspects of this and alternative concepts. The proposed concept is broad in two aspects: it includes a mental dimension not reduced to expectations, allowing institutional patterns of thought to include models of varying degrees of generality and precision; and it includes institutions that are norms of some kind as well as others that are not. Institutions may be social norms (legal or informal; moral or epistemic), decision- theoretic norms (a concept introduced to designate patterns that an individual should follow out of self-interest), or conventions without norm status. The proposed concept is able to underlie a theory that emphasizes the possibility of creative, unconventional behavior without implying that such behavior is irrational or necessarily subject to social sanctions. This is different from several concepts of institutions in institutional economics and in sociology.


The writer compared the old system of school year with the new classification one, pointed out that the reform education system effected the course of solfeggio and ear training, and explained the scientific quality of the classification system to solfeggio and ear training, furthermore stressed on the necessary and important of reform and development from both theoretical side to practice one.


The division of resources between a group of people may cause con- flicts: Individuals with varying roles and responsibilities will claim different shares of the surplus to be divided. In this dissertation, we analyze how the decision to form a group will influence the bargaining behaviour of the members of that group. People will act collectively as certain tasks may require the participation of a specific number of individuals before it can be completed. We examine whether certain mechanisms can efficiently promote group formation for the sake of surplus production, and then, what will be the effect of these mechanisms on the behaviour of the group members. For these reasons, we constructed a novel surplus production and distribution interaction which we call the Anticipation Game (AG). The AG can be played between only two players (pairwise interaction) or among more then two players (group interaction). In our study we will analyze both the pairwise AG and the group version of AG, first by obtaining our own empirical data and then by performing a stochastic evolutionary analysis. We aim to provide answers on: i) how will a reputation based partner approval mechanism influence the surplus distribution in both the pairwise and the group AG, ii) will then limitations in obtaining the reputation of a potential partner alter the results of the pairwise AG?, iii) will we notice any effect on the behaviour of players when they can repeatedly cooperate with the same partners in group interactions, iv) how natural selection may have shaped the behaviour of players in group formation interactions (both pairwise and group AG evolutionary analysis).


Coupled cluster theory provides hierarchical many-particle models and is presently considered as the ultimate benchmark in quantum chemistry. Despite is practical significance, a rigorous mathematical analysis of its properties is still in its infancy. The present work focuses on nonlinear models within the random phase approximation (RPA). Solutions of these models are commonly represented by series of a particular class of Goldstone diagrams so-called RPA diagrams. We present a detailed asymptotic analysis of these RPA diagrams using techniques from singular analysis and discuss their computational complexity within adaptive approximation schemes. In particular, we provide a connection between RPA diagrams and classical pseudo-differential operators which enables an efficient treatment of the linear and nonlinear interactions in these models. Finally, we discuss a best $N$-term approximation scheme for RPA-diagrams and provide the corresponding convergence rates.


This paper is concerned with a kind of discrete-time stochastic systems with Markov jump parameters taking values in a Borel measurable set. First, both strong exponential stability and exponential stability in the mean square sense are introduced for the considered systems. Based on generalized Lyapunov equation and inequality, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the strong exponential stability. By use of the given stability criteria, it is shown that strong exponential stability can lead to exponential stability and further to stochastic stability. Moreover, strong exponential stability can guarantee the so-called <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> input-state stability, which characterizes the asymptotic behavior of system state influenced by exogenous disturbance with finite energy. Second, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance is analyzed for the perturbed dynamic models over finite and infinite horizons, respectively. For a prescribed disturbance attenuation level, stochastic bound real lemmas are presented in terms of Riccati equations or linear matrix inequalities. As a direct application, the infinite-horizon <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> control problem is settled and the state-feedback controller is constructed. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the validity of the proposed results.


This paper simply introduced the constitutes of the retracted mandrel system and the working process of the pierce mill in the tube production , detailedly retelled the system constitutes and the working principles of the e lectric control in the retracted mandrel system.


The Corner Brook–Glover Island region records the development of the internal domain of the Humber Zone and its relationship to the adjoining external domain and Dunnage Zone. The region preserves both the Laurentian margin basement–cover contact and the siliciclastic–carbonate transition within the cover sequence. Precambrian Grenville basement of the Corner Brook Lake Complex is the oldest lithostratigraphic unit and yielded a U/Pb zircon age of 1510 ± 6 Ma. Three main lithostratigraphic assemblages overlie basement: silicic and mafic igneous rocks of the Lady Slipper Pluton which yielded a U/Pb zircon age of  Ma; siliciclastic lithologies which include the South Brook and Summerside formations; and carbonate-dominated sequences with clastic incursions which include the Port au Port, St. George, and Table Head groups, and the Breeches Pond, Irishtown, and Pinchgut formations. Dunnage Zone units include plutonic ultramafic to mafic rocks of the Grand Lake Complex, dated by U/Pb zircon from trondhjemite a...


: This study is basically conducted to recognize the primary peritonitis in immunocompromised patients, for the purpose all patients admitted to the (ICU) intensive care unit of the Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 July 2017 with a diagnosis of primary peritonitis were retrospectively included. The medical record of the patients was gathered from the data recordings of the Department of Critical Care and Emergency and the Departments of Surgery. APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) was the main source in the calculation for every patient at the time of admission. Antimicrobial treatment management before and after the diagnosis of peritonitis was studied. According to the above-mentioned details of methods, 120 were included and the results concerning mortality, etiology of peritonitis and microbiological data were in accordance with previous studies. According to the APACHE II score (P = 0.005), age (P = 0.002), the existence of enterococcus in the peri-operative samples (which is defined P = 0.02) and the period between diagnosis and surgery (P = 0.04) were prognostic about the death within thirty days after peritonitis diagnosis. There was no prominent difference was shown in the mortality rate in patients whose post-operative antibiotic treatment was changed following results of intra-operative peritoneal cultures versus patients having inappropriate treatment (P = 0.96). The same observations were noted for anti-enterococcal treatment. This study concentrates


Chloride- transporting proteins ClC- 2 plays a fundamental role in many tissues in the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular membranes. It is involved in several human genetic diseases.According to the progress in chloride channel, ClC- 2 is introduced in this paper from several aspects such as molecular structure,regulatory mechanism and correlated disease.


Most studies on private capital inflows and economic growth are cross-country and give more weight to foreign direct investment than the other components of private capital inflows. Moreover, these studies have not included remittances as an explanatory variable in their estimation procedures. In addition, the question as to whether it is private capital inflows that promote economic growth or it is economic growth that attracts private capital inflows has not been investigated in Kenya. This study investigated the causality between foreign direct investment, portfolio investment and cross-border interbank borrowing and economic growth; analyzed the effect of foreign direct investment, portfolio investment and crossborder interbank borrowing on economic growth; and examined the effect of remittances on economic growth in Kenya. The data used was sourced from World Bank"s African Development Indicators and various Economic Surveys and Statistical Abstracts for the period 1970 to 2010. The study used Granger Causality to investigate the causality between foreign direct investment, portfolio investment and cross-border interbank borrowing and economic growth. The ordinary least squares estimation was used to determine the effect of foreign direct investment, portfolio investment and cross-border interbank borrowing; and remittances on economic growth. The study found that there was a unidirectional causality from foreign direct investment to economic growth and from economic growth to cross-border interbank borrowing. Regression results showed that the coefficient of foreign direct investment as a ratio of gross domestic product was positive and statistically significant, and the coefficients of portfolio investment as a ratio of gross domestic product and cross-border interbank borrowing as a ratio of domestic product were positive and statistically insignificant. Similarly, the coefficient of remittances as a ratio of gross domestic product was positive and significant. Following these results, the Government of Kenya should work towards an environment that attracts foreign direct investment, pursue a high and sustainable economic growth rate so as to attract cross-border interbank borrowing and put in place policies that encourage remittances.


In the paper we consider the linear underdetermined system of a special type. Systems of this type appear in non-homogeneous network flow programming problems in the form of systems of constraints and can be characterized as systems with a large sparse submatrix representing the embedded network structure. We develop a direct method for finding solutions of the system. The algorithm is based on the theoretic-graph specificities for the structure of the support and properties of the basis of a solution space of a homogeneous system. One of the key steps is decomposition of the system. A simple example is regarded at the end of the paper.


TO THE EDITOR Hair loss or hair color change in patients taking valproate has been repeatedly reported. However, drug-induced hair texture changes have been reported rarely. Curly hair is a very rare side effect of valproate. Valproate is recommended for the acute treatment of mania and maintenance of bipolar disorder as a mood stabilizer. Valproate can be used also in the treatment of epilepsy. In a study of 250 patients, Jeavons et al. noticed five (2%) patients developed curliness of the hair due to valproate. Wilting et al. described a 47-year-old white female patient experiencing curling of the hair during treatment with valproic acid. There is no bipolar disorder patient whose hair curling with valproate, in the literature. I have noticed valproate induced curly hair in a patient with bipolar disorder. This is the only reported bipolar disorder case of a patient experiencing hair curling as a result of taking valproate. Written informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient. The patient is 47 years old and has had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder for three years. She has experienced two manic episodes. She has been treated with valproate 1,000 mg/day for three years. At the sixth month of valproate usage, she noticed that her hair was getting curly. Her hair has remained curly. She has never had any perming of the hair performed. She doesn't describe any other hair-texture change. She prefers curly hair and doesn't want to change to another mood stabilizer. There isn't any other side effect of valproate in this patient. The patient reports that her treatment with valproate has gone well; however, she discontinued valproate in 2014 for a period of five months, resulting in a second manic episode. Her manic episode was managed by starting valproate again. Her hair remained curly whilst she refrained from taking valproate. The mechanism of valproate induced effects on hair is unclear; however, it may be related to the effects of chelating of metals (copper, zinc, and magnesium) as well as inhibition of metallic enzymes. Curling of the hair is an unusual side effect of valproate in bipolar disorder, so psychiatrists must inform patients about this side effect too.


A woman will experience anxiety in facing labor, especially in the first pregnancy. This study aims to determine the factors that cause anxiety in pregnant women in facing labor. This type of research method with a cross-sectional study. The sample in this study were all pregnant women who made a pregnancy check-up visit to the Independent Midwife Practice (PMB) in the Banjarmasin City Region, totaling 80 people. Sampling technique with Accidental Sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire consisting of the age of the pregnant woman, the number of children born, the gestational age and the husband's role. Data analysis using a computer program. The results showed that pregnant women experienced more anxiety (66.3%), compared to pregnant women who did not experience anxiety (33, 8%). There is a relationship between the age of pregnant women with a p-value of 0.033 (<0.05), the number of children with a p-value of 0.039 (<0.05), the gestational age of the p-value of 0.020 (<0.05) and the role of the husband p-value 0.039 (<0.05) with anxiety of pregnant women in facing labor. Pregnant women experience anxiety in facing childbirth and need a husband as a companion. Midwives need to educate husbands so that they always accompany their wives in the process of pregnancy and delivery.


In this study,the N fertilizer-saving potential of different maize hybrids grown in Beijing-tianjin-tangshan area was estimated in the soil of long-term fertilization.The result indicated that in comparison with the check hybrid JY7,JD28 got much higher yield at both low and high N supplies.The potential for saving N fertilizer in JD28 was 33.7%,which meant huge amount of N fertilizer could be saved by using this hybrid,and should be helpful in determine the optimum N fertilizer input to realize efficient N utilization and higher yield simultaneously.


. 2014 Alpha particles with energies greater than those so far reported to occur in nature have been observed in minerals by emulsion and counting techniques.


The work is devoted to solving the scientific and technical problem of ensuring the tribotechnical properties of car parts through the use of wearresistant coatings. The synthesis of the main types of wear of car parts and ways to improve their tribotechnical properties was carried out, which allowed to substantiate the feasibility of using wear-resistant coatings to restore and strengthen them.An urgent problem is the reasonable search and development of highly efficient, easy-to-use technologies for the restoration of parts to improve the performance of cars. Solving this problem requires the introduction into practice of strengthening and restoring car parts wear-resistant coatings. Summarizing the results of research on the main types of wear of car parts allowed us to conclude that they work in conditions where operating loads (pressure, temperature, environmental action, etc.) perceive mainly their surface layers, and therefore it is enough to restore not all parts but only worn surfaces by applying wear-resistant coatings.It has been proven that to improve the performance of car parts, it is important to choose the right simple and affordable ways to apply coatings that will increase their service life. It is substantiated that among the methods of applying wear-resistant coatings are the most common, cheapest and simplest methods of gas-thermal spraying, namely gas-flame spraying and electric arc spraying. Restoration and strengthening of car parts by applying wear-resistant coatings has solved the problem of providing their resource, which is not inferior to the resource of new parts.


A 90/180 GHz multichannel radiometer is currently under development for NASA's 1985 Hurricane Mission onboard the Convair 990 research aircraft. The radiometer will be a fixed beam instrument with dual corrugated horns and a common lens antenna designed to operate simultaneously at 90 and 180 GHz. The all solid state front-end will contain three double side band data channels at 90 ± 3 GHz, 180 + 3 GHz, and 180 ± 7 GHz. These frequencies are chosen to coincide with those proposed for the Advanced Moisture Sounding Unit (AMSU) radiometer which is scheduled for future orbital deployment onboard a Tiros-N satellite. The airborne radiometer will mount in a window port on the CV-990 and will maintain a fixed beam view approximately 14 degrees off zenith. Primary scientific interests for this instrument are the gathering of atmospheric humidity data near the water vapor absorption line of 183.35 GHz and the collection of atmospheric precipitation signatures at 90 GHz. The radiometer design is a Dicke chopper arrangement selected to achieve maximum absolute temperature accuracy and minimum brightness temperature sensitivity. In addition, the instrument will be self-calibrating with built-in temperature controlled calibration loads. Analog outputs of the three data channels will be calibrated DC voltages representing the observed radiometric brightness temperatures over the selected integration time.


In contrast to the nuclear charge densities, which have been accurately measured with electron scattering, the knowledge of neutron densities still lack precision. Previous model-dependent hadron experiments suggest the difference between the neutron radius, Rn, of a heavy nucleus and the proton radius, Rp, to be in the order of several percent. To accurately obtain the difference, Rn-Rp, which is essentially a neutron skin, the Jefferson Lab Lead (208Pb) Radius Experiment (PREX) measured the parity-violating electroweak asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb at an energy of 1.06 GeV and a scattering angle of 5° . Since Z0 boson couples mainly to neutrons, this asymmetry provides a clean measurement of Rn with respect to Rp. PREX was conducted at the Jefferson lab experimental Hall A, from March to June 2010. The experiment collected a final data sample of 2x 107 helicity-window quadruplets. The measured parity-violating electroweak asymmetry APV = 0.656 ± 0.060 (stat) ± 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions, Rn-Rp = 0.33+0.16-0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin as expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus. The value of the neutron radiusmore » of 208Pb has important implications for models of nuclear structure and their application in atomic physics and astrophysics such as atomic parity non-conservation (PNC) and neutron stars.« less


The purpose of this study was to break down the MICE market based on their demographic characteristics and characteristics of people participated in MICE event. The data collected in this study come from customers who participated in the MICE event of Kangwon Land Hotel located in Jeongseon-Kun, Gangwon-Do province from 15 September 2013 to 25 October 2013. 912 questionnaires was collected among 950 questionnaires in total were analyzed in this study. And then it was analyzed using a SPSS WIN 18.0 software package through the analyses such as frequency analysis and descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, a one-way ANOVA, cross-analysis. This allows to examine the specific characteristics of each market segment of the hotels MICE participants. The results of this study showed that participatns can be subdivided into "a high satisfaction group for hotel convention services", a middle satisfaction group for hotel convention services" and a low satisfaction group for hotel convention services" with respect to hotel convention service satisfaction of the hotel MICE participants. The proven results derived in common from demographic characteristics, behavioral intentions of the MICE participants and characteristics of people participated in MICE event, gender was "male", the last graduated school was "bachelor degree", MICE participation type was "Convention", and participated purpose of MICE event was "in order to obtain educational information". However, Age, occupation, monthly income and the type of the preferred restaurant While the MICE events were held come from differences by each market segment, respectively.


Evaluation of some endophytes have been carried for their possible antimicrobial activity from various parts of medicinal plants belonging to Jalgaon Maharashtra (India).A total of seventy eight bacterial endophytes and one hundred fourty two fungal endophytes were isolated from the aerial and underground parts of selected medicinal plants .Fifteen positive endophytic bacterial isolates and fourteen positive endophytic fungal isolates possess antifungal and antibacterial activity respectively. Bacterial isolates KB4 from roots of roots of P.glabra, NB6 from stem of E.globulus and HB3 from rhizomes of C.longa have strong antifungal activity. Endophytic fungi AFR1, AFR4, AFR7 from roots of A.vera possess strong antibacterial activity against S. typhi in dual culture assay.


Demands for accountability in medicine are increasing. Accountability generally refers to the obligation of one party to provide a justification and to be held responsible for its actions by another interested party [1, 2]. Previously accountable to their patients and to their colleagues, physicians now face a new rendition of accountability. Citizens, politicians, insurance agencies, and employers are also demanding that their voices be heeded [3, 4]. Similarly, managed care, with its use of provider assessments, provider incentives, and marketing activities, requires clinicians to be accountable to diverse bodies, on diverse matters, and in diverse ways. In this new environment, physicians must develop a practical sense about what accountability is desirable and what is not; they must take the initiative in identifying norms that characterize the essence of health care and in delineating the procedures by which fulfillment of these norms will be assessed. To safeguard and foster their professionalism, physicians must substantively and promptly respond to these challenges. Our goal is to offer, by way of a test case, tangible recommendations for accountability. We focus on a domain that is often ignored in discussions of accountability, namely, the ethical dimensions of medical carepractices, such as informed consent, that are distinct from diagnostic and procedural skills. Of all the possible domains of accountability, we concentrate on ethics because it is among the most challenging to evaluate and because it is crucial if the medical profession is to maintain the trust of patients and the public [5, 6]. In the absence of a national body, the Working Group on Accountability convened to identify the norms of ethical medical practice and to delineate desirable methods of assessment. It is an ad hoc working group of clinician ethicists; most members and consultants are practicing clinicians, and each has a specialty focus in professional ethics, medical assessment, organization, or policy. We start by summarizing a guiding model of stratified accountability, which is described in the accompanying article [7], and we then develop the model in the specific domain of ethical practice. We conclude by suggesting specific initiatives with which to implement the recommendations. A Guiding Model of Accountability Accountability consists of three main parts: the loci or accountable parties, the domains or subject matter for which these parties are accountable, and the procedures by which these parties are assessed and held accountable. Modern medicine consists of many accountable parties, and each can hold the other accountable over many different domains; this leads to what might be called a complex reciprocating matrix of accountability. For example, physicians are accountable to patients, hospitals, employers, the government, and others, and in turn they can hold hospitals, insurers, the government, and others accountable. Models of accountability differ in the domains that are considered to be primary, the specific content areas within each domain that are to be assessed, and the procedures by which different parties will be held accountable. In the accompanying article [7], we argue that no single model of accountability is appropriate to the complexities of modern medicine. Instead, we endorse a stratified model of accountability. At the core is the traditional professional model, which applies to individual physicianpatient interactions and to some institutional matters. Surrounding this core are other institutional matters and interactions among health care institutions in which political and economic mechanisms of accountability, such as public forums to evaluate and approve policies and financial accountability, seem appropriate. In such a stratified model, physicians have primary responsibility for characterizing the content areas in which they will be held accountable, the mechanisms for assessment, and the processes for explanation and action. In this view, professional values remain central but are not sovereign; through the political and economic models of accountability, patients, employers, and others participate in approving and evaluating domains and mechanisms of accountability. By using medical values along with structures of continuously adjustable and testable fairness, the model can combat both public cynicism about medicine's self-interest and the profession's annoyance with ill-informed intrusive outsiders. Thus, in the next three sections, we begin the professionals' process of delineating the core content areas, the assessment procedures, and the mechanisms for response for medical ethics. We identify eight content areas for accountability in medical ethics; because this list is for accountability mechanisms, each area is subdivided into assessable items, numbered to match items in Table 1. Two principles inform this list. First, the content areas are culled from traditional codes [8], from recent statements by medical bodies [9, 10], and from consensus among the members of the Working Group on Accountability. Each area can be derived from fundamental ethical principles; references are provided. Our selection criteria, in keeping with the stratified model of accountability, were to cover professionally endorsed medical values for which patients and other parties may legitimately request accountability. Second, this list is necessary but may not be sufficient; it may be modified as the deliberative process of accountability evolves. We do not propose that professionals establish a rigid, unchanging list to which they hold themselves accountable or that nonprofessionals blindly accept and use such a list. Rather, we propose that professionals create a list that other groups can modify and that professionals and other groups hold themselves and one another to these deliberated standards. Table 1. Information for Use in Physician, Group, and Institutional Report Cards* Core Content Areas of Accountability in Medical Ethics Medical Decision Making Medical decision making is a pre-eminent area of desirable accountability in medical ethics. Patients have well-recognized rights to be informed of their health status and to share in decisions about their care [11-14]. For assessing physicians, we propose that medical decisions be considered in the following contexts of care: noninvasive tests or therapy decisions (item Ia, Table 1); invasive tests or intervention decisions (Ib); life-sustaining intervention decisions (Ic); decisions on participation in clinical research (Id); and decisions in any of the above categories for patients not competent to make their own decisions (Ie). The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has articulated counterpart standards for institutions [15]. Confidentiality Another well-recognized duty of the medical profession is to maintain patient confidentiality to the greatest possible degree, yielding only to the most pressing and direct interests of others, such as in cases of threats to life [8-10, 16]. Physicians should be accountable for their assessed knowledge of and adherence to standards of confidentiality (IIa). Institutional record-keeping practice is especially vulnerable in the current era of electronic records. Use of medical data for utilization review and patient targeting, such as screening-test eligibility, is widespread, and the sharing of information in integrated health networks may bring further possibilities for breaches of confidentiality [17]. Institutions should therefore be specifically accountable for the following: precautions taken to protect confidentiality (IIb); the policy for release of person-identified informationwhat, to whom, under what circumstances, and when it is legally required (IIc); the regulations for use of medical record data for research, both private and governmental (IId); and the type of information accessible to third-party payers (IIe). Fiduciary Obligations and Conflicts of Interest Physicians and institutions deal with many forces that may compromise the fundamental mission of patient care [18-28]. That physicians must act for the patient's good in preference to their own is widely accepted [29, 30]. For accountability, it is possible to focus on five types of approaches to limit the negative effect of conflicting interests. The following three approaches are for physicians and institutions: documented education of physicians and managers about conflicting interests (IIIa); required disclosure to the institution or patient and institutional review of specified types of conflicts by physicians and managers (IIIb); and physician or institutional disclosure with patient informed consent whenever appropriate (IIIc). Two further approaches apply to institutions: prohibition of physician conflicts that undermine the fiduciary relationship (IIId); and policy safeguards that limit conflicting incentives for institutions (IIIe). Responsibilities Arising from Patient Vulnerability Much of medical ethics rests on the injunction to avoid exploitation of patient vulnerability, but some matters deserve particular concern. Serious boundary violations, such as sexual relations with patients, risk egregious patient harm. Physicians should be clear about the basis for the profession's categorical ban on sexual relations with patients (IVa) [31, 32]. Awareness of sometimes less obvious violations, such as inappropriate touching, gift giving, and socializing, can be helpful toward this end. Because boundary violations are difficult to discuss, institutions should ensure that ethical standards on the matter are explicitly expressed during physician training and continuing education (IVb) [33]; they should also have a policy statement, which should be publicly available and readily accessible through patient representatives, ombudspersons, or other patient resources (IVc). Patient vulnerability can also be an is


Dendrimer-like poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) were synthesized through a semicontinuous process based on the anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) of ethylene oxide (EO), followed by AROP of a mixture of glycidol (G) and propylene oxide (PO). Glycidol was used as branching agent generating two hydroxyl groups after ring-opening, whereas propylene oxide served to prevent the aggregation of the generated terminal alkoxides. A three-armed PEO star was first prepared through AROP of EO from 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane as trifunctional precursor using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. After completion of EO polymerization and without isolating the PEO star precursor, G and PO (molar ratio 1:3) were added in the same batch to be polymerized either sequentially or randomly. This led to a three-armed PEO star with an average number of terminal hydroxyls per arm which depended on the number of G units inserted at PEO chain ends, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Growth of the second and the third ge...


The effect of the start-up mode of the anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR) on the treatment of low-strength organic wastewater was studied.The results show that it takes 90 days to complete the start-up when the influent COD concentration is gradually increased,and the hydraulic retention time(HRT) is kept constant.The removal rate of COD is 80%,and the system operates stably,but the structure of the granular sludge is loose.On the other hand,when the COD concentration is kept constant and HRT is gradually reduced,it takes only 49 days to reach 80% COD removal,and the granulation degree of sludge is also higher.


De Rham Theory and Semialgebraic geometry Leonid Shartser Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 2011 This thesis consists of six chapters and deals with four topics related to De Rham Theory on semialgebraic sets. The first topic deals with L∞ cohomology on semialgebraic sets. We introduce smooth L∞ differential forms on a singular (semialgebraic) space X in R. Roughly speaking, a smooth L∞ differential form is a collection of smooth forms on disjoint smooth subsets (stratification) of X with matching tangential components on the adjacent strata and of bounded size (in the metric induced from R). We identify the singular homology of X as the homology of the chain complex generated by semialgebraic singular simplices, i.e. continuous semialgebraic maps from the standard simplex into X. Singular cohomology of X is defined as the homology of the Hom dual to the chain complex of the singular chains. Finally, we prove a De Rham type theorem establishing a natural isomorphism between the singular cohomology and the cohomology of smooth L∞ forms. The second topic is a construction of a Lipschitz deformation retraction on a neighborhood of a point in a semialgebraic set with estimates on its derivatives. Such a deformation retraction is the key to the results of the first and the third topics. The third topic is related to Poincaré inequality on a semialgebraic set. We study Poincaré type L inequality for differential forms on a compact semialgebraic subset of R for p >> 1. First we derive a local inequality by using a Lipschitz deformation retraction


Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of cervical cancer among women living in Calabar. Place and Duration of Study: Calabar cancer registry, May to June 2015. Methodology: Data of cervical cancer diagnosed between 1 of January 2004 and 31 December 2013 and stored in the Calabar cancer registry were accessed and fed into spss version 21 for analysis. Important data captured included the patients age, sex, place domiciled within last one year, whether rural or urban dwelling, date of incidence as well as topography and morphology of the cervical cancer. Other gynaecological cancers outside the cervix were excluded as well as all other cancers occurring in females outside cervical cancer. The data so captured was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and thirty (130) cases of cervical cancer were recorded during this period Mean (SD) age of female cases was 44.6 (10.2) years, ranging from 30 to 76 years. There appears Original Research Article Ebughe et al.; JCTI, 3(2): 1-13, 2016; Article no.JCTI.23512 2 to be a fairly steady decrease in the mean age at diagnosis, especially in the later years. The crude incidence, adjusted rate and age specific incidence were, 17 per `100,000, 15 per 100,000 and 20 per 100,000 respectively. Within the 5-year period from 2004 to 2008, there was an average annual decrease in incidence rate of 9.4% (95% CI: 3.8%-11.2%). However, within the 5-year period from 2009 to 2013, there was an average annual increase in incidence rate of 12.1%% (95%CI: 2.31% to 14.4%). Conclusion: Cervical cancer is common in Calabar effort must be redoubled towards public health measures that will bring about reduction in its incidence. This is because cervical cancer is the most easily preventable cancer.


We propose an approach for investigation of interaction of thin material films with quantum electrodynamic fields. Using main principles of quantum electrodynamics (locality, gauge invariance, renormalizability) we construct a single model for Casimir-like phenomena arising near the film boundary on distances much larger then Compton wavelength of the electron where fluctuations of Dirac fields are not essential. In this model the thin film is presented by a singular background field concentrated on a 2-dimensional surface. All properties of the film material are described by one dimensionless parameter. For two parallel plane films we calculate the photon propagator and the Casimir force, which appears to be dependent on film material and can be both attractive and repulsive. We consider also an interaction of plane film with point charge and straight line current. Here, besides usual results of classical electrodynamics the model predicts appearance of anomalous electric and magnetic fields.


Abstract|MAKE A DIGITAL LOCK COMBINATION WITH SEVEN SEGMENT YUDHA DIRGANTARA Undergraduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: Locks, Combina- tion, Digital ABSTRACT : Manual key is the conventional safety devices commonly used on doors, cabinets and other equipment that require security. The key to utilizing con- ventional mechanical equipment in the form of keys to open and close. Seeing this the authors are interested in arrang- ing an electronic key device with a simple latch coil that uses a combination to open and close it. Digital combina- tion lock is an electronic device built by the input block is composed of astable multi vibrator circuit and clock gener- ator, decade counter and selector blocks and blocks of the controller. Switches and clock generator circuit generates the pulses that are one shoot the blocks to be used as in- put to the decade counter and the selector. The blocks consist of a series of decade counters and also received in- put selector switch is reset and there is a selector (in the form of jumper socket) as a determinant of a combination of numbers which will then be used as input to the con- troller block. Block Output consists of a controller (built by an AND gate) controls the ow are forwarded to the LED clock and latch. Grendel will open (LED lit) only if the input is a combination of numbers according to the se- lector (logic 1). With a digital combination lock users do not need to carry a key to open and close. So that con- ditions such as lost keys or making duplicate keys can be avoided. Penamaan File: 21104785


As water sources become more vulnerable to the effects of climate change such as drought and contamination, the diversification of water sources is important for securing water supply. This study examines the properties of five water sources for public supply, including river and river-bed water, dams, reservoirs, and groundwater, while ensuring that the quantities available from such sources are stable and the water itself is safe for use. This study also analyzes the power, chemical, repair and maintenance, and labor costs associated with each water source. The results demonstrate that groundwater has high potential as a water source because it is readily available (about 12.89 billion m 3 /yr), but only a small portion of it is currently used. Analyses indicated that groundwater is the most efficient source of water to meet water demand below 1,000,000 m 3 /yr, which covers 62.5% of water supply facilicities. With the implementation of groundwater dams, groundwater can become cost-efficient even for larger water demand. Additionally, the water source protection areas are the smallest for groundwater among the five water sources. In conclusion, the use of groundwater as an alternative water source is feasible becasue it is readily available, safe, cost-efficient, and requires the lowest amount of environmental regulations for the diversification of water supply sources.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel all-optical non-return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying (NRZ-DPSK) to return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying (RZ-DPSK) format conversion scheme. This scheme is based on the terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD). A 10 Gb/s converted RZ-DPSK signal is obtained with a wide duty cycle tuning range from 16% to 66%. For all converted RZ-DPSK signals, the receiver sensitivities at BER of 10−9 are 0.4 to 1.7 dB higher compared with the original NRZ-DPSK signal. The clear and open eye diagrams are presented to demonstrate the high quality format conversion performance. Moreover, the optical spectra show that this conversion is in a wavelength-preserving operation.


The Honourable Madame Justice McLachlin. in this transcript of her presentation of the Weir Memorial Lecture, discusses the fundamental change in the role of the Canadian courts brought about the adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and how they should go about discharging the new responsibilities which the Charter has placed upon them. Madame Justice McLachlin begins by considering the previously unlitigable range of social and moral questions which are now confronting the Canadian courts and the difficulties that this is causing in judicial decision-making due to the absence of precedent, the open-textured language of the Charter and the necessity of making value-based decisions. In addressing these problems, Madame Justice McLachlin suggests that first, the courts must strive for objectivity, ensuring that their decisions reflect the collective views of society, and second, that they exercise restraint, upholding the Constitution but not intruding upon the preserve of the legislature and executive branches of government. Madame Justice McLachlin then examines the issue of remedies under the Charter; focusing on how the courts should enforce the rights and freedoms which the Charter has guaranteed. The answer, she suggests, must be found in respect, tradition and constitutional convention focusing on political judicial cooperation.


The working principle and the specifications of plane brake allocation valves were introduced,the reasons for a lingering air were analyzed.The improving measure was presented and some useful conclusions were drawn.


The description of the female Euglossa nanomelanotricha Nemésio, 2009 is here presented. The specimen mentioned at the description was collected during a survey on cotton flowers, in the municipality of Remígio, state of Paraíba, Brazil. It closely resembles females of the Euglossa cordata Linnaeus, 1758 species group, but can be readily distinguished by overall blue coloration and details of morphology discussed herein.


Abstract The noted Episcopal theologian William Porcher DuBose was a seminarian when the American Civil War began. He was torn between continuing his studies for ordination and joining the Confederate Army. He felt duty bound to defend his homeland, and he served heroically, wounded in combat, and taken as a prisoner of war. Troubled by the senselessness and inhumanity of war, he was eventually ordained and served as a military chaplain. He devoted himself to faith and ministry when he realized his country and culture were lost. DuBose vividly presents his views on war and faith in his wartime correspondence with his fiancée and later wife Anne Barnwell Perroneau, and other writings. His experiences of loss and poverty were the basis for his theology of the cross and his understanding of the role of suffering in the Christian life, and he subsequently dedicated himself to faith, peace, and reconciliation.


Alistair Mutch argues that Sydney O. Nevile co-operated with social workers in Somers Town owing to his own position as the son of a member of the gentry. Whitbread's subsequent pub improvement programme, Mutch contends, reflected the firm's work in this London slum. This article challenges Mutch's thesis, and points to Nevile's social status as an outsider, who survived truly by his own wits, arduous effort, sense of social inferiority and as a result of sheer luck. Involvement with Somers Town pubs came late in Whitbread's pub improvements and had impact neither on the company nor on how Nevile subsequently approached reforming pubs.


In order to improve the mass transfer efficiency of CO2 absorption process,the influence of wettability of structured packing on detailed flow and mass transfer behavior is investigated.A gas-liquid contactor is designed to compare CO2 absorption performance on two types of plates with different contact angle.15 wt% MEA solution and gas mixture with the proportion of CO2 to air 1:3 are used in the absorption experiment.The experimental results show that the wettability of falling liquid film on inclined plate is of great importance in determining mass transfer efficiency.Better wettability will lead to higher mass transfer efficiency.To analyze the detailed flow and mass transfer behavior,three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) model based on Volume of Fluid(VOF) method is proposed and simulations corresponding to the experiments are conducted.Simulation result also reveals that different contact angle will lead to different wettability condition which leads to different velocity distribution and finally different CO2 absorption performance.From the detailed results obtained from simulation,the reasons why different contact angle will lead to different CO2 absorption performance are concluded.


During 2018-2019, a study was conducted to study the sucking pests and their natural enemies in mulberry at the Regional Sericulture Research Station, Central Silk Board, Jamuguri, Jorhat, Govt. Sericulture Farm, Titabar and Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. Five species of sucking pests were prevalent in various mulberry growing areas of the Jorhat district of Assam. Paracoccus marginatus was the most common of these; others include- Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Pseudodendothrips mori, P. marginatus, Aleurodicus dispersus, Clovia puncta. Three coccinellid predators Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella transversalis and Micraspis discolor, as well as one species of lepidopteran predator Spalgis epius were found to associated with P. marginatus. and of these S. epius was the most abundant.


KanthomoncLò campe,&t^Ã,ò pv. phaòzotÃ, IN COMMON BEAN SEEDS.I. DETECTION BY SEROLOGY Four extration techniques and two serology methods were compared for detecting Karvthomoncu> com putfÚ Á pv. phoÁ Z otl (Xcph) and strain ^uòcanò (Xcphf) in bean seeds (Phd&eotlU) vuZgoc/LCi)) . The extration techniques included ground or whole seeds, with or without superficial desinfestation, soaked in sterilized distilled water or liquid medium (3g yeast extract/ L) and incubation during 2 hours at room temperature (grinded seeds) or 18-24 hours at 5-10°C (whole seeds). Microprecipitinin dishes and ouchterlony double diffusion methods were compared for the pathogen identification. The best bacterium extration technique was the whole seed immersion in distilled and sterilized water for 18-24 hours at 5-10°C. Microprecipitin method presented hi gher sensibility but lower specificity than the double diffusion. The strain jjítòCCUló anti-serum reacted with both the homologous (Xcphf) and the heterologous (Xcph) antigens. Therefore, under, the praticai point of view, this anti-serum can be used for de tection of both causal agents of the bean bacterial blight. The sensibility of the double diffusion method was not enough for a reliable detection of small amount of the pathogen in bean seed samples.


This paper introduces the anti-vibration design,distance-regulation device design and the die design of foaming body in an omni-directional antenna pedestal.The antenna pedestal is characterized by its light weight,good anti-vibration performance and convenient regulation.Each index of the antenna pedestal satisfies the design requirement.


Pupae and pupal exuviae were collected by drift and hand netting from 27 sites on 10 streams in the Sierra Nevada
 mountains in 1986 and 1987. The sites represented an altitudinal range from 340 m to 2100 m. The pupal exuviae collections revealed a composite fauna of 143 species. Eukiefferiella (12 spp.) and Tvetenia (3 spp.) were dominant both taxonomically and numerically along most of the altitudinal profile, followed by Cricotopus (11 spp.), Orthocladius (9 spp.) and Diamesa (7 spp.). The altitudinal distribution of the 99 most common species is shown and compared with those obtained in other European
 streams or rivers, especially in the Pyrenees. The general pattern of altitudinal zonation shows an increase in species
 richness from the headwaters (< 2000 m : 58 spp.) toward the middle reaches (1000-1600 m : 121 spp.). The theoretically
 expected highest species richness in the foothill reaches (> 1000 m : 113 spp.) was not obtained. The periods of reduced or intermittent flow, the domestic organic inputs and the narrowness of the channels in the foothill reaches appear responsible for the decrease of the species richness of the chironomid communities.


ABSTRACT One of the most important thermochemical methods for heat and electricity generation is combustion process; however, it has become a serious problem for researchers in the field of green chemistry due to high emissions and pollutants. In this paper, a modeling study of crude oil combustion was carried out based on the rate of reactions and combustor characteristics. To evaluate the potential of crude oil for heat and power generation, the influence of residence time of droplets and system pressure on greenhouse gas emissions was studied. Results obtained from model were validated against the experimental data of crude oil combustion and found to be in a good agreement.


Efficient extraction of photons coming from solid-state spin systems is one of the main challenges when aiming to increase the size and complexity of quantum information protocols using these type of systems. An example of this is the read-out of photoluminescence from an NV centres in plain bulk diamond. Due to the refractive index contrast, only a fraction of the light coming from the defect can be collected. Several top-down fabrication strategies have been used in the past decade to fabricate structures such as lenses and cavities around NV centres in order to increase the extraction efficiency using bulk optics [1] . However to fully exploit the potential of color centres in diamond, integration with on-chip waveguides and cavities is necessary. Remarkable effort has been made to fabricate photonic structures on bulk diamond [2] yet the laborious diamond undercut methods and the reduced versatility of these top-down approaches limit the scope for scalability and integration.


The research results presented here show the dehydration effect of water baths and oil baths with a high content of non-ionogenic tenside. Baths of this composition lead to an increase in transepidermal water loss in the sense of slight barrier damage. With oil baths containing a small amount of the non-ionogenic tenside and with even more in spreading oil baths, an increase in the hydration of the stratum corneum and a decrease in transepidermal water loss in an occlusive effect can be proven by contrast. Practical significance of the results of these investigations is gained, especially for patients with atopic eczema. For these patients, the tenside content in a bath oil should be kept low or, better, spreading baths without tensides should be used.


Results are reported for an investigation into the characteristics of solar batteries on the basis of probability theory with the photocells treated as current generators; methods for reducing solar-battery circuit losses are considered.


In his excellent annotated bibliography of Christopher Marlowe studies from 2000 to 2009 that appeared in the first issue of this annual, Bruce E. Brandt was able to analyze trends in current Marlowe scholarship not only over the ten-year period that article surveyed, but also in the context of an earlier decade that he had previously considered, the 1980s.1 In my survey of the year's work in the field for 2012,1 have resisted the temptation to extrapolate patterns from the limited data on hand. In brief, questions of religious skepticism and racial identity continued to interest Marlovians (especially in the context of Doctor Faustas, The Jew of Malta, and Tamhurlaine the Great) but biographical studies were not prominent this year, and scholarship moved further away from queer readings of Edward II. Faustas and Tamhurlaine continue to dominate, though a few authors conducted multitext studies that included the poems and translations, and Marlowe's plays were typically read insularly or, predictably, alongside William Shakespeare's plays.It is worth noting that the publication in which this article appears, Marlowe Studies: An Annual-now in its third volumehas stimulated almost half the scholarly output in Marlowe studies. A case in point is Chloe Kathleen Preedy's essay on skepticism and false miracles, a relatively uncommon example of an article that examines multiple Marlowe texts.2 With attention to Lucan's First Book, 1 and 2 Famburlaine, The Jew of Malta, and Doctor Faustus, Preedy examines the concept of "false miracles" and feigned or fabricated heavenly signs in Marlowe's writing, arguing that "whereas past studies of Marlowe's skepticism have often focused on the influence of classical disbelief and Machiavelli's writings, Marlowe's literary representation of false miracles suggests that he owes an equal or greater debt to the denunciations voiced in contemporary interconfessional polemic."* 3 Despite occasional "subject" rather than "text"-based articles like Preedy's, though, The Massacre at Paris, Edward II, and Lucan's First Book were underrepresented last year, and very little was published on Hero and Leander. Catherine Belsey made passing references to Hero and Leander and to Marlowe's Dido, Queen of Carthage in the context of a broader argument about the refashioning of the myth of Venus, and Meghan Davis-Mercer contributed an essay on the poem to the second volume of Marlowe Studies.4 Davis-Mercer argues that "the misshapen quality of the poem is not accidental," but that "Marlowe expresses the paradox of scholarly abundance through both the radical accumulation and the burlesquing of specifically scholarly forms" and that Hero and Leander thus "functions as a calculated expression of the tension between copia, rhetorical plenty, and poverty, analogous to the lack of compensation and recognition that the poet feels is due him."5In addition to the present article, two annotated bibliographies of Marlowe's works were available in 2012. M. L. Stapleton provided a lengthy contribution to the subscriptionbased electronic resource Oxford Bibliographies Online: British and Irish Literature, covering areas such as biographical studies, editions of the complete works and of individual works, and critical studies (monographs, edited collections, and individual essays), most of which postdate 1980 (a separate section deals with earlier texts and studies from the twentieth century).6 Theater history, reception studies, textual studies, a section on "Journals, Concordances, Supplementary Resources," and of course bibliographies themselves are also covered by Stapleton's survey. In keeping with the aims of the Oxford Bibliographies project, Stapleton's work is selective rather than exhaustive and blends the bibliographical with the encyclopedic by including useful brief summaries to introduce each section. The second bibliographical resource is the open-access and ongoing Marlowe Bibliography Online (MBO) project, a joint initiative of the Marlowe Society of America and the University of Melbourne. …


Through detecting the large-span stone arch-bridge appearance,the paper explores its structural damage position and scope,analyzes bridge diseases causes,evaluates its technical status grade,and finally puts forward corresponding maintenance and reinforcement suggestions.


Bipartite graphs have been used to represent data relationships in many data-mining applications such as in E-commerce recommendation systems. Since learning in graph space is more complicated than in Euclidian space, recent studies have extensively utilized neural nets to effectively and efficiently embed a graph's nodes into a multidimensional space. However, this embeddingmethod has not yet been applied to large-scale bipartite graphs. Existing techniques either cannot be scaled to large-scale bipartite graphs that have limited labels or cannot exploit the unique structure of bipartite graphs, which have distinct node features in two domains. Thus, we propose Cascade Bipartite Graph Neural Networks, Cascade-BGNN, a novel node representation learning for bipartite graphs that is domain-consistent, self-supervised, and efficient. To efficiently aggregate information both across and within the two partitions of a bipartite graph, BGNN utilizes a customized Inter-domain Message Passing (IDMP) and Intra-domain Alignment (IDA), which is our adaptation of adversarial learning, for message aggregation across and within partitions, respectively. BGNN is trained in a selfsupervised manner. Moreover, we formulate a multi-layer BGNN in a cascaded training manner to enable multi-hop relationship modeling while improving training efficiency. Extensive experiments on several datasets of varying scales verify the effectiveness and efficiency of BGNN over baselines. Our design is further affirmed through theoretical analysis for domain alignment. The scalability of BGNN is additionally verified through its demonstrated rapid training speed and low memory cost over a large-scale real-world bipartite graph 1. ∗Both authors contributed equally to this research. 1Our code is open-sourced at https://github.com/chaoyanghe/bipartite-graph-learning Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from email@example.com. San Diego '2020, Aug 21–26, 2020, San Diego, CA © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-XXXX-X/18/06. . . $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/1122445.1122456


The invention relates to the technical field of electronic devices, in particular to an intelligent lock system, a vehicle and a vehicle leasing system. The intelligent lock system comprises a lock, a control device and a wireless communication device. The lock comprises a lock shell and an actuator, and the actuator, the control device and the wireless communication device are fixedly arranged in a lock cavity defined by the lock shell; the lock shell comprises a lock cover; the actuator is electrically connected with the control device; the control device is used for controlling a circuit of the actuator to be on or off so that the lock cover can be locked or unlocked through the actuator. The vehicle and the vehicle leasing system each comprise the intelligent lock system. As buckling of the lock cover of the lock is electronically controlled, the safety performance of the connecting mode of the lock shell is improved, and therefore the safety performance of the intelligent lock system is improved.


Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the "state of the art" thrombolytic agent for myocardial infarction, but recombinant staphylokinase (STAR) has attracted recent interest. Laboratory data suggest that STAR, a protein secreted by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus, is considerably more fibrin-specific and therefore less likely to cause hemorrhagic complications. This open trial …


This paper surveys the literature on the pricing of environmental externalities and discusses its application to proposed oil pipeline projects. There are different types of environmental externalities associated with oil pipelines: those innate to the construction and operation of the pipeline itself, and those arising from either upstream extraction or downstream refining of the crude oil. This survey highlights such differences and their efficiency implications. The presence of the externalities also gives rise to potentially severe holdup problems in the right-of-way bargaining process for a proposed pipeline project. This survey discusses the applicability of alternative mechanisms in the literature that may help ameliorate these holdup problems. *Department of Economics, University of Alberta. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. †The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author and do not represent those of the Van Horne Institute.


Experiments indicated the effective way for evaluating rice germplasm with durable resistance to rice blast includes: to collect rice materials which well grow in the disease- attacked areas, screen them in typical blast nurseries at different latitudes and detemine their major resistant factors and resistance spectrum. Those varieties (lines) passing this series of time - space tests will be evaluated as certificated rice materials with durable blast resistance. The results indicate spore layer grade index in seedling's lesions, spore amount, severity of leaf blast and neck blast in adult plants or seedlings are the four major indices for the durable blast resistance evaluation.


Frequency conversion technology has been more and more widely used in coal mine equipments due to its energy-saving effect and stable machinery conditioning.The paper concisely describes the development of frequency conversion technology and its application effect in fluid load and mechanical power load equipments.It also introduces the application status of frequency conversion technology in coal mine equipments in China and puts forward the application prospects of the technology in coal mines.


ABSTRACT Sensing the intention of a user's forthcoming action is a necessary function for systems that assist human physical activity. In this article, a strategy for recipe guidance systems that can predict the forthcoming intended subtask in a cooking task is investigated. The focus is on user accessing objects, that is, touching and releasing objects. Touching can indicate the start of the forthcoming subtask and releasing can indicate the end of the task. The main difficulty lies in the fact that humans may move objects because they are in the way and use cooking tools that are unanticipated by an assistive system. In such cases, the accessed object should not indicate the forthcoming subtask. A method is proposed to track the progress of a task based on the object access history. This enables to eliminate object accesses that are out of context. Simultaneously, the method predicts the forthcoming subtask based on a combination of progress and materials rather than tools and materials. Then, a guidance system that runs as a web service is developed. In experiments, real cooking activities navigated by this system are observed. The Wizard of OZ method is utilized to simulate a system that detects object accesses. The experimental results show that 73.6% accuracy is achieved in the selection of the displayed information. This result supports the use of "access to objects" realize effective intention-sensing systems.