Accessibility is a topic of growing relevance. Today, it is no longer a question that physical infrastructure as well as digital and web-based products must be equally accessible to all. This also refers to web maps, which might contribute significantly to support disabled people in living independently and self-determined. Unlike for websites, standards, guidelines or recommendations for designing accessible web maps can hardly be found. Since design patterns describe successful solutions, they might be useful means to support developers of accessible maps. This approach widely used in Software Engineering, was applied in the senTOUR project: Design patterns for accessible web maps are developed and, later on will be used to support the implementation of an accessible web map regarding recreational use in Gesäuse National Park. In this paper we present the approach of design patterns. Benefits and problems of the approach are discussed in the context of creating accessible web maps.


Macroprudential policy has largely been viewed and implemented as a form of banking regulation in recent practice. However, the externalities to be addressed by macroprudential policy stretch beyond the banking sector and also play a prominent role in the household and corporate sectors. Trying to address these externalities with banking regulation alone leads to various forms of leakage as they encourage lending to move to non-banking financial intermediaries and foreign banks – a problem that has affected the implementation of macroprudential policies. We discuss how a macroprudential policy framework could be extended beyond banking regulation in feasible and practical ways, for example by targeting policies on borrowers rather than lenders.


This chapter contains sections titled: WDM Couplers for PONs Optical Power Splitter Optical Cables for PONs Fiber Interconnections Summary Problems Further Reading
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The number of DNP group‐bearing lymphocytes in the regional lymph node, thoracic duct and peripheral blood was determined at various time intervals after painting normal guinea pigs with DNCB by the immunofluorescent method using anti‐DNP antibody. The incidence of such cells in the regional node was maximal at 12 hours whereas in the thoracic duct and peripheral blood the maximum incidence was found at 0.1–2 hours after painting. Unreacted DNCB was demonstrated in both the thoracic lymph duct and the blood at least for 12 or 24 hours respectively following exposure to DNCB. The authors therefore suggest that DNCB reacts directly in vivo with the lymphocyte cell membrane of guinea pig following epicutaneous application of the chemical.


Reduction of the 8MnIII,4MnIV complex [Mn12O12(O2CEt)16(H2O)3] with PPh4l in CH2Cl2 leads to isolation of (PPh4)[Mn12O12(O2CEt)16(H2O)4](3) whose crystal structure shows that the added electron is localized on a formerly MnIII ion to give a trapped-valence MnII,7MnIII,4MnIV situation; DC and AC magnetic susceptibility studies show that 3 has an S= 19/2 ground state and that it displays a superparamagnet-like non-zero, frequency-dependent, out-of-phase response in the AC susceptibility behaviour that is extremely unusual for a molecular species and unique for an ionic species.


This dissertation describes the implementation of a Wirele ssHART networks simulation module for the Network Simulator 3, aiming for the accep tance of both on the present context of networks research and industry. For validating t he module were imeplemented tests for attenuation, packet error rate, information tran sfer success rate and battery duration per station.


Abstract The study was conducted on a degraded Lake Długie in Olsztyn (surface area 26.8 ha, max depth 17.3 m) restored in 1987 - 2000 with the method of the artificial aeration with destratification. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the applied method on the exchange of nitrogen compounds between the bottom sediments and overlying water. The results revealed that the applied method caused a decrease of nitrogen release from the bottom sediments and influenced the content of this component in the sediments. The observed changes may have been the effect of the intensification of the coupled nitrification-denitrification processes occurring in the aquatic conditions modified by the restoration.


The main aim of the proposed paper is to search the information using brain waves instead of searching using the text query. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological checking strategy to record the electrical activity of the mind. EEG estimates voltage changes coming about because of ionic current inside the neurons of the mind. EEG alludes to the account of the mind's unconstrained electrical movement over a time frame, as recorded from different nodes put on the scalp. For training, When the user has read a question, the brain waves are recorded with the help of sensors like Neurosky device in the form of EEG signals values like Alpha, Beta, and Gamma and are stored in a dataset. The brainwaves of different persons are recorded for different questions and are stored. The features are reduced using PCA and the centroid of the values are calculated using the K-means clustering algorithm. For testing, when the user thinks about a question in the list, the brain waves are recorded and compared with the values available in the dataset. Using KNN Algorithm, the proposed system outputs the respective question which will be submitted to the search engine. K-Means clustering algorithm is used to calculate the cluster centroid. Once the centroid is calculated for each question, we plot each centroid in a 2-D plane. For a random question from the pool of existing questions, we use the KNN algorithm to find the nearest match. When the match is found, the question corresponding to it is submitted to the search engine.


The purpose of the report is to describe the current state of the U.S. railroad industry and some of the regional methodologies that could be used to analyze it. Because the multiregional input-output technique permits an interindustry and interregional study of the railroad industry, this methodology was described in the greatest detail.


Although the aeromagnetic anomaly of the Tulargen mafic-ultramafic complex is not obvious,but the ground magnetic suvey obtained strong anomaly that more than 4000nT.through the upward continuation on several levels,the anomalys showed that how the magmatic rock extending down in the ground.From the drilling-hole sections,the anomalys showed that it should be caused by the minal rock.It reveals that the ground magnetic method is in the importance of prospecting for this kind of Cu-Ni deposit.


Accessing data services through digital cellular networks is becoming something common. Such networks are based on wireless technologies, which were ignored when the classic communication protocols were designed. As many authors have noted, the TCP transport protocol shows an ineecient behavior when running over wireless links. Several solutions have been proposed to correct this problem. We propose a simple solution based on the indirect model of communication and the substitution of TCP. Several experiments have been realized, using a network simulator (ns: UCB/LBNL Network Simulator). The results of these experiments let us conclude that the use of indirect connections using an speciic transport protocol instead of TCP over the wireless part of the connection increases the performance of communications. Preface This paper is a summary of the nal year projecttLluch Lafuente, 1999] realized by the author as an essential part of the study in Computer Science at the University of the Basque Country. The project is closely related with research done by Jos Miguel Alonso, which was the director of the project, and Jos Mara Rivanedeyra, both members of the Department of Computer Architecture and Technology of the University of the Basque Country. Some of the results of the project have been used by Jos Mara Rivanedeyra for his dissertation Rivanedeyra, 2000]. Note that due to improvements realized after the project's end, the experimental results may diier from the original documentation.


Abstract Potential mechanisms for the lack of Fe(II) accumulation in Mn(IV)‐con‐taining anaerobic sediments were investigated. The addition of Mn(IV) to sediments in which Fe(III) reduction was the terminal electron‐accepting process removed all the pore‐water Fe(II), completely inhibited net Fe(III) reduction, and stimulated Mn(IV) reduction. In a solution buffered at pH 7, Mn(IV) oxidized Fe(II) to amorphic Fe(III) oxide. Mn(IV) naturally present in oxic freshwater sediments also rapidly oxidized Fe(II). A pure culture of a dissimilatory FE(III)‐ and Mn(FV)‐reducing organism isolated from the sediments reduced Fe(III) to Fe(II) in the presence of Mn(IV) when ferrozine was present to trap Fe(II) before Mn(IV) oxidized it. Depth profiles of dissolved iron and manganese reported in previous studies suggest that Fe(II) diffusing up from the zone of Fe(III) reduction is consumed within the Mn(IV)‐reducing zone. These results demonstrate that preferential reduction of Mn(IV) by Fe(III)‐reducing bacteria canno...


Abstract Objective: To compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism among women taking combined oral contraceptives before and after the October 1995 pill scare. Design: Analysis of General Practice Research Database. Setting: United Kingdom, January 1993 to December 1998. Subjects: Women aged 15–49 taking combined oral contraceptives. Main outcome measures: Incidence of venous thromboembolism. Results: Use of so called "third generation" combined oral contraceptives fell from 53% during January 1993 to October 1995 to 14% during November 1995 to December 1998. There was no significant change in the incidence of venous thromboembolism between the two periods after age was adjusted for (incidence ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.39). Conclusions: The findings are not compatible with the assertion that third generation oral contraceptives are associated with a twofold increase in risk of venous thromboembolism compared with older progestogens.


Antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its derivatives was reviewed in this paper and the influencing factors of antimicrobial activity and antibacterial mechanism were described. Then the research progress of application of chitosan and its derivatives to food, medicine and fabrics were summarized.


The problems associated with the reduction of dimensions of electronic devices, especially MOSFET field effect transistors, have led to find solutions for the adverse phenomena that manifest when the channel is reduced to these dimensions. One of them is to use graphene, the first two-dimensional material, as a channel, instead of silicon, mainly due to its electrical characteristics, such as its high mobility compared to that of silicon, and physical characteristics in general, since they reduce the negative effects and allow manufacturing devices faster. The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature regarding modeling, simulation, and the steps for the fabrication of a graphene channel field effect transistor in its different stages, starting with the modeling and design of the transistor.


The aim of this paper is to study the presence of the Seven Sages in the Deipnosophistae, specifically in the passages where Athenaeus mentions some of these characters who were renowned for their wisdom in Greek tradition. We examine the
context and the intention underlying the appearance of these men in the banquet reported by the Athenaeus; we also look at the relationships established among them in the conversation of their scholars; and, finally, we discuss whether this author mentions the legend by depicting them as a defined group.

Keywords: Athenaeus; Seven Wise Men; symposium; quotation.


Display and interaction real-estate is fundamentally limited by the size of the screen in traditional display devices. Projection-based interfaces allow interaction with appropriated, everyday, passive surfaces. Instead of restricting interaction to a single rectangle, projection-based augmented reality makes interaction ubiquitous, taking the computer out of the box. Extending interaction to almost any surface enables new possibilities in a host of new domains, including entertainment, consumer electronics, advertising, medicine and many more. Overlaying virtual elements onto complex physical surfaces under real-world conditions, presents a variety of challenges, many which are open research problems. A wealth of previous work has focused on projection onto constrained surfaces like planes, parabolic curves, etc. In this research, we explore projection onto arbitrarily complex physical surfaces. We describe a complete, practical approach embodied in a projector-camera system. Our system is constructed of low-cost, commodity hardware and demonstrates some of the exciting applications of Spatial Augmented Reality. We present a novel initial homography estimation for interactive projector-camera calibration. We introduce a unique hybrid projector pattern codification technique for improved correspondences. Finally, we present interactive surface particles, which are a surface independent content representation that enables reusable interaction with complex physical surfaces. This thesis outlines the fundamental preliminaries of projector-camera systems, the current state of the art, along with our design decisions, implementation details and results. Covered topics include camera calibration, structured light 3D scanning and surface augmentation. This work demonstrates the technical and practical feasibility of appropriating complex surfaces as information displays; hopefully encouraging a future where a display device is no longer a discrete entity, but where our environment is our display and interface.


Enterprise agility, generally defined as the ability of an enterprise to detect and respond to changes timely and effectively, is a core imperative for effective change management and optimal performance in contemporary enterprises. It can improve operational efficiency, and enhance competitive ability. At the same time, it is elusive, challenging, and difficult to achieve. A data centric approach can support change management process by providing an avenue to capture, store, and manage information, activities, and knowledge relating to changes. In addition, it can provide an avenue for re-using previous (successful) change management strategies to adapt to similar changes in the future. In this paper, we examine change management concepts and requirements, integrate them into a conceptual data model. To demonstrate utility of this data model, we apply it to real world industry case study. Results show that this approach can be useful to enterprise change management by providing information and intelligence to support change management decisions.


Bioenergies are considered sustainable alternatives to fossil energy sources in the European Union (EU) renewable energy targets for 2030. However, their performances in terms of greenhouse gases (GHG) savings may be affected by indirect emissions related to the required land-use-change (LUC) that should be taken into account when modelling their sustainability. The European Renewable Energy Directive (RED) introduced a number of GHG emission criteria, in comparison with fossil fuels, that bioenergy deriving from agricultural biomasses must comply with. The Emilia-Romagna region (North-Eastern Italy), the second largest Italian biogas producer, has recently issued its Regional Energy Plan (REP), which set an ambitious increase of about 40% of the current installed electric power from biogas up to 2030. The aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of Emilia-Romagna REP accounting for the required indirect land-use-change (ILUC), due to the bioenergy crop expansion, potentially needed to reach the targets. Based on regional data available on biogas production, the amount of land used for maize silage to be destined to biogas production (as a model agricultural feedstock) has been calculated for the actual state-of-the art and towards 2030 scenarios provided by the REP. Starting from average GHG emissions associated with biogas production from 100% maize silage of 35 gCO2 eq/MJ, a further contribution of 8–18.5 gCO2 eq/MJ due to LUC has been found. Our findings indicate that it is difficult to assess the global GHG savings from the bioenergy targets fixed by regional energy plans when LUC effects are considered. Careful analysis is necessary in each case to avoid creating negative impacts.


In this paper we consider a robust control design of a car with 4-wheeled steering (4WS) system using a Minimax optimization method. It is assumed that cornering powers of the front and rear wheels are modeled as parameters with bounded uncertainty due to the change in tire characteristics and that the steering angle of front wheel is operated by a driver. Based on the feedback signal from a yaw angle velocity, we develop a method of minimizing the H2 norm of a transfer function from the steering angle of the front wheel to the slip angle maximized by the uncertain parameters. The result of several simulation studies shows the robustness of the proposed 4WS system to change in driving conditions.


Microseismic events that are detected at the surface are often very weak, with moment magnitudes as low
as -2. Such weak events present a difficult analysis problem to ensure that they are 'real' events that originate from microseismic activity near the reservoir zone. There are many sources of noise that can give the appearance of genuine microseismic events, including reflected noise from the frac operation, reflected noise from vehicles, and spatially isolated but persistent noise that causes interference patterns that may be erroneously interpreted as evidence of geologic anomalies. Signal-to-noise enhancement methods can help to discriminate between valid events and noise propagating near the surface. Reflected noise from surface sources may have a similar apparent velocity and depth as valid events but can be recognized by its pulsating nature. Source mechanisms provide information about the fractures, but also give us a tool to help determine whether weak events are real or the result of noise sources. We present a classification scheme that incorporates these methods and observations.


Densities of Chironomidae, principally Chironomus decorus Johannsen larvae, declined markedly in detritus habitats of the urban Coyote Creek drainage of the Los Angeles basin, with the establishment of Tilapia mossambica (Peters) and T. hornorum Trewazas fish populations. However, density changes in another group of non-annoying midges, Cricotopus and Tanypus species, were not pronounced over the 9-yr period of this study. The effective foraging on Chironomidae in certain substrates by very dense populations of the species of Tilapia influences the phenotypic characteristics of such substrates to produce chironomids. Typically the insect-produced fish biomass in autumn can exceed 4 × 105 kg over a distance of 18 km of paved river channel, a phenomenon apparently dependent indirectly on the availability of warm water effluent from a power generating plant. With the Tilapia species now ranging in the neritic zone along the southwestern California coast, their contribution to predatory marine fish biomass may be significant.


PurposeDigital technologies create myriad innovation opportunities and have inspired the establishment of many new start-ups in recent years. Despite the growing knowledge on digital entrepreneurship, few studies explore how start-ups exploit these opportunities to achieve entrepreneurial success. The purpose of this paper is to explore start-ups' capabilities for successful delivery of digital artefacts in a cloud computing infrastructure.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data were collected during a qualitative case study of an established start-up in the Chinese market by interviewing 41 interviewees. Informed by the notion of dynamic capabilities and using the Gioia methodology, the case firm's life cycle was analysed in detail.FindingsThe study identifies start-ups' ordinary and dynamic capabilities for successful development and delivery of digital services. The findings provide insights into a portfolio of start-ups' capabilities, namely adaptation, networking, reengineering and refinement.Originality/valueThe study suggests that start-ups' capabilities and underlying entrepreneurial actions determine the degree to which adoption of digital technologies create and transfer value to customers. The study offers specific insights into how start-ups successfully develop and deliver digital artefacts in a cloud infrastructure based on entrepreneurs' prior expertise, vision and accumulated experience.


In response to the potential for illness and injury in group care for children and a growing need for national guidance on health and safety aspects of child care, the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) developed national health and safety guidelines for child-care programs. This collaborative effort culminated in the publication, Caring for Our Children—National Health and Safety Performance Standards: Guidelines for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs.1
 The APHA/AAP guidelines address the following technical content areas:
 • environmental quality;
 • prevention and control of infectious diseases;
 • injury prevention and control;
 • general health;
 • nutrition;
 • prevention and management of child abuse;
 • staff health;
 • children with special needs;
 • health concerns related to social environment and child development;
 • health and safety organization and administration.
 While all of these content areas are important in terms of health and safety, some tend to receive more attention. Certain standards in each of the featured content areas are highlighted on the basis of the perceived significance to care givers and health professionals; the reflection of new knowledge and state of the art; possible controversy; on considerations for implementation.
 HEALTH CONCERNS RELATED TO SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
 This technical area describes the standards on social environment and child development in the service of promoting physical and mental health. One of the most substantial achievements was to describe the qualifications, numbers, and availability of adults caring for young children in out-of-home settings.1 The National Research Council in its report, Who Cares for America's Children?


To investigate the plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in comparison with conventional daunorubicin, 14 patients aged 28 to 60 years with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia were treated for 1 day with DaunoXome (50 mg/m2) and for 2 days with daunorubicin (50 mg/m2) with concomitant Ara-C (7 days, 200 mg/m2, continuous IV). Eleven of the 14 patients entered complete remission; 9 are still alive. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained by blood sampling at appropriate intervals on days 1 to 4. Daunorubicin and daunorubicinol concentrations in plasma and in peripheral leukemic blast cells were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Following liposomal daunorubicin administration, the peak values and plasma area under the curve (AUC) were more than 100 times higher than after administration of conventional daunorubicin (AUC, 176 vs. 0.98 μmol/L × hour), but the intracellular AUCs were comparable (759 vs. 715 μmol/L × hour). Intracellular concentrations after DaunoXome peaked later and half as high as after daunorubicin. After DaunoXome versus daunorubicin, plasma clearance was 0.001 versus 0.4 μmol/h, respectively. The volume of distribution was 5.5 L for DaunoXome, versus 3640 L for daunorubicin, indicating low tissue affinity for the liposomal formulation. The authors conclude that liposomal daunorubicin, DaunoXome, yields 2-log higher plasma concentrations but similar intracellular concentrations of daunorubicin and its metabolite daunorubicinol than does free daunorubicin.


Based on an anlysis of the uncertainty of arrival time of the train,the paper studies the adjustment of train sorting scheme for the purpose of enhancing the robustness of the stage plan.The pattern of train arrival in the marshalling station and its influence on the stage plan show that it is both necessary and feasible to improve the robustness of the stage plan through adjusting the sorting scheme.In this paper,the concept of robustness adjustment of the sorting scheme is introduced before two methods each based on stochastic simulation and empirical formula are presented for its assessment.Finally an algorithm for the robustness adjustment of the sorting scheme is given.


This answer we shall give the Reader in the same Language and Words, in which the Author of it desired, it might be inserted in this Tract, viz.


Using combined laser scattering-viscometer-GPC determined the Mark-Houwink equation parameters of the Butadiene-Styrene diblock copolymer and the styrene-butadiene-styrene tri-block copolymer.The Mark-Houwink Constant of diblock butadiene-styrene copolymer(k=0.01673,α=0.743) is different from that of the triblock copolymer(K=0.03912,α=0.690) with same composition.The result revealed that random coil of diblock S-B tends to be more extended than tri-block S-B-S in THF solvent.Intrinsic viscosity,mean square radius and hydrodynamic radius were analyzed,and the result indicated that with butadiene component increasing,the molecular coil in the good solvent becomes more extended.


A 57 year old Japanese male was incidentally found to have a 7.5 cm diameter hepatic haemangioma. Eleven years later he was operated on because the haemangioma had grown into a 17 cm mass causing upper abdominal fullness. Volumetry on computerized tomograms disclosed that the haemangioma had grown from 123 cm3 to 1343 cm3 in volume. Quantitative documentation on growing hepatic haemangioma has been rare.


The acceptance sampling plan (ASP) is one of the key statistics resources in the industrial sector. It entails the decision-making process for accepting or rejecting the products. The investigated quality parameter is the test unit's mean lifespan. This study develops a new ASP for Zeghdοudi distribution (ZD) when the lifetime is shortened to a specific degree. The optimal plan parameters are accomplished by obtaining the minimum sample size mandatory to ensure the identified mean lifetime for fixing the consumer's risk. Besides, the characteristic operating function (OCF) values for the ASP are displayed, and the producer's risk is determined. Several helpful tables are developed for the suggested ASP based on the ZD for suitable employment. An actual data set is fitted to the Zeghdoudi model and other models to examine the applicability of the suggested ASP in the production sector.


Lakes in Minnesota face a number of large-scale ecological stressors that threaten critical aquatic habitat and fish populations. We developed a fish habitat conservation framework to guide protection and restoration efforts for lakes of the state. Surrogate measures of habitat quality were used to assess fish habitat conditions in more than 1,800 Minnesota lakes. Two fundamental fish habitat types in lakes were described (physical and water quality) and geographic information system-based surrogate measures of habitat condition (shoreline and watershed disturbance) were quantified for each habitat type. Simultaneous consideration of the two habitat types were used to develop a bivariate classification of habitat condition. Habitat condition classifications were identified using data from previous studies to categorize lakes into protection and restoration classes. Appropriate protection and restoration actions was then tailored for each classification of habitat condition. The conservation framework is a...


Though the grey relational analysis method has strong practicability and high reliability for equipment fault diagnosis,it is limited in applying.If the D-S evidence theory combination rules is combined with the grey relational analysis method,it can availably deal with the complicated and uncertainly relation between fault symptom and fault category,and the diagnosis result has high reliability.It is validated that the provided method is simple,practical and diagnosed exactly,by means of the calculation on the fault of the refrigeration system in ship.


In this note, by means of a kernel function induced by a continuous function
 f on the unit circle, we show that corresponding integral operator on Banach
 space AP is bounded or compact precisely when f belongs to the big Zygmund
 class ?* or the little Zygmund class ?*, where AP consists of all holomorphic
 functions ? on ?C\S1 with the finite corresponding norm. This generalizes the
 result in Hu, Song, Wei and Shen (2013) [5] and meanwhile may be considered
 as the infinitesimal version of main result obtained in Tang and Wu (2019)
 [8].


A 36-year-old Japanese female had a 10-day history of a painful red nodule on the left index finger (Fig. 1). Histologically, there were intraepidermal blisters containing degenerated keratinocytes and multinucleated giant cells (Fig. 2A) and a focal infiltrate of lymphocytes with degenerated peripheral nerves in the dermis. Eosinophilic nuclear inclusion bodies, Cowdry A and full type, were found in the epidermal cells and fibroblasts. The epidermal cells were positively stained with antivaricella zoster virus monoclonal antibody


In this thesis, we have designed the indirect adaptive controller using Dynamic Neural Units(DNU) for unknown nonlinear systems. Proposed indirect adaptive controller using Dynamic Neural Unit based upon the topology of a reverberating circuit in a neuronal pool of the central nervous system. In this thesis, we present a genetic DNU-control scheme for unknown nonlinear systems. Our method is different from those using supervised learning algorithms, such as the backpropagation (BP) algorithm, that needs training information in each step. The contributions of this thesis are the new approach to constructing neural network architecture and its training.


This paper proposes an architecture of a home automation system using a home network control protocol (HNCP). The proposed architecture allows users to control and monitor networked home appliances using HNCP. HNCP bundle on the Open Services Gateway Initiative's (OSGi) framework is implemented and tested in a prototype of the home automation system


using cDNA from THP-1 isolated RNA and the forward primer 5'-atggagcgtccgcaacccgac-3' and reverse primer 5'-tcacatggcataaagccctac-3' and inserted into pCAGGS such that it is expressed with an N-terminal HA tag. Bat-Keap1 and bat-Kelch were amplified from Myotis velifer incautus cell mRNA. For full length Keap1, forward primer 5'-atgcagccggaacccgggcc-3' and for the Kelch domain forward primer 5'-caggtgatgccctgccgg-3' were used. Each construct was amplified by using the same reverse primer 5'-tcaacaggtacagttctgctgg-3'. These amplicons were cloned into pCAGGS vector such that they produced a protein with an N-terminal Flag tag. MARV L was synthesized and cloned into pCAGGS such that it expressed with an N-terminal Flag tag. Flag-VP35 and Flag-NP have been previously described (Ramanan et al., 2012a). paraformaldehyde and permeabilized using 0.1% Triton X-100. Cells were stained using the primary antibodies to Flag M2 (dilution 1:400) and HA (dilution 1:400) and secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 555 or Alexa Fluor 633 (Life Technologies) (dilution 1:2000). Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan 2IE fluorescence microscope. The percent of cells containing nuclear Nrf2 localization was determined by counting cells in four individual fields of view. minigenome plasmid Renilla luciferase) (200ng), firefly luciferase the control of the T7 promoter a transfection control (10ng), and plasmids MARV L (500ng), MARV VP35 (125 ng) MARV NP (500 ng). HA-HO-1 or GFP Forty-eight post-transfection a Dual luciferase assay (Promega) Renilla luciferase values Error mean and SEM of triplicate one-way ANOVA comparing indicated using Tukey's test.


The purpose of the research study was to establish the relationship between overweight and obesity with chronic illnesses and absenteeism of workers operating in La Oroya Metallurgical Complex. The design was a quantitative, descriptive - correlational and cross-sectional. The sample was constituted by 306 workers operating a data collection sheet was used to collect information CITT occupational and medical records of the selected workers. The variables considered were overweight, obesity, chronic illness and absenteeism for medical leaves. It was established to be significant relationship between overweight and obesity with the presence of chronic diseases whereas they exist relationship between overweight and obesity with medical absenteeism breaks in operations workers.


Wesley Mission is marking two significant anniversaries this week. Two hundred years of Methodism in Australia and the 20th anniversary of a suicide prevention program.


[1] A key advantage of using data assimilation is the propagation of information from data-rich regions to data-poor regions, which is particularly relevant to the use of solar occultation data such as from the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment (ATMOS). For the first time, an in-depth uncertainty analysis is included in a photochemical model-data intercomparison including observation, representativeness, and theoretical uncertainty. Chemical data assimilation of solar occultation measurements can be used to reconstruct full diurnal cycles and to evaluate their chemical self-consistency. This paper considers as an example the measurements made by the ATMOS instrument ATLAS 1 during March 1992 for a vertical profile in flow-tracking coordinates at an equivalent potential vorticity (PV) latitude of 38°S. ATMOS was chosen because it simultaneously observes several species. This equivalent PV latitude was chosen as it was where ATMOS observed the atmosphere's composition over the largest range of altitudes. A single vertical profile was used so that the detailed diurnal information that the assimilation utilizes could be highlighted. There is generally good self-consistency between the ATMOS ATLAS 1 observations of O3, NO, NO2, N2O5, HNO3, HO2NO2, HCN, ClONO2, HCl, H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, and N2O and between the observations and photochemical theory.


The in vitro reproductive fitness on carrot discs and the in vivo pathogenicity on selected FHIA (Fundación Hondureña de Investigaciónes Agrícola) banana hybrids of a population of Radopholus similis isolated from banana in Davao, Philippines, were investigated at the Bureau of Plant Industry, Davao City, Philippines. It was shown that on carrot discs following inoculation with 25 females, the Davao population had the highest population density and multiplication rate compared with two other R. similis populations from the Philippines (Los Baños and Quezon) and two exotic populations of R. similis (from Uganda and Indonesia). According to the Gompertz model, the Davao population also had a short lag phase and a high maximum specific growth. Following inoculation with one single female, the Davao population also had the highest multiplication rate and the highest proportion of juveniles and females compared with the other four populations included in the experiments. Nine weeks after inoculation with 1000 vermiforms, the R. similis population from Davao had reduced the plant height of the FHIA hybrids included in the experiment (FHIA-3, FHIA-4, FHIA-5, FHIA-18 and FHIA-23) on average by 37%, plant girth by 5.3–40.9%, shoot weight by 20.1–65.8% and root weight by 31.7–69.7%, indicating the high pathogenicity of this population on banana. FHIA-4 was tolerant to R. similis infection.


The paper aims at analysing, from a multidisciplinary perspective, the most frequent strategies and patterns of naming public and private kindergartens, primary and secondary schools which function as sociocultural markers in multiethnic communities. The synchronic socio-onomastic approach of a corpus consisting of 400 official names allowed us to identify in Romanian postcommunist society (1) a local, traditional type of multiculturalism promoting cultural diversity in school naming, and (2) a globalized, modern type of multiculturalism reflecting cultural homogenization as a result of the growing Anglophilia in naming kindergartens.


A method for obtaining the profile-form which has the given surface pressure distribution is stated. The method is based on a theorem about the velocity along a profile and enables us to obtain separately the thickness distribution as well as the mean camber line of the required profile by simple calculations. Therefore, we can easily understand the relation between the pressure distribution and the profile form. Calculation has been made for a Joukowski profile which has the thickness of 11 percent and the camber of 2.5 percent of chord and Munk 6 profile. It showed that the deviation of the calculated form from the exact one was very small, which proves that the present method is very satisfactory for practical use in respect to the facility of calculation and to the accuracy of result.


Circuit carrier arrangement comprising a carrier element (1) and a on the supporting element (1) for conditioning can be brought circuit carrier (3), the circuit carrier (3) comprising at least one with the circuit substrate (3) extension (4) connected and at least one on the circuit carrier extension (4) arranged electronic component (5), the connection between the circuit substrate (3) and appendage (4) comprising a flexible connecting portion (6), wherein the circuit carrier projection (4) on a positioning surface (7) of the supporting element (1) to be brought into abutment, and wherein the flexible connecting portion (6) between the circuit carrier (3) and the circuit carrier extension (4) at the support element (1) for conditioning gebrachtem circuit carrier (3) a supply sheet (6), characterized in that the supporting element (1) an adjusting element (2) is fastened by its mounting on the supporting element (1) which on the circuit carrier extension (4) arranged electronic component (5) is alignable Wherein the adjusting element (2) an adjustment projection (10) is arranged, provided for a circuit carrier in the extension (4) adjusting recess (11) form-locking and play-free fit is forming engageable or wherein ...


In the framework of future surveillance systems, ADS-B devices are assuming a primary role. They are expected to be widely implemented on-board of vehicles, so the possibility of using ADS-B data to support the safety of the flight is worth to be investigated. This paper describes the real time validation of an ADS-B based application for conflict detection algorithms in order to support future self-separation as well as collision avoidance systems. In particular, the paper first presents an overview of the proposed system architecture including a brief description of the software modules and, then, provides a description of the hardware-in-the-loop architecture that has been used for the validation of the system. Finally, in the paper the results of some real-time simulation tests are described and discussed. The results reported in the paper emphasize that the proposed conflict detection system, based on the use of ADS-B data, is suitable for real-time implementation and, therefore, can be considered for the implementation on-board vehicles for on-line application during the flight.


The present invention relates to a remote position detecting apparatus, and more particularly, to a remote position detecting apparatus for a multi-turn actuator that is capable of detecting an opening/closing position of the multi-turn actuator opening/closing a remotely located valve. According to the present invention, the remote position detecting apparatus includes: a multi-turn actuator generating a rotary force by operating oil supplied from a hydraulic pump to open and close a valve; a first hydraulic breaker disposed on a first hydraulic line connected to the multi-turn actuator so as to block the supply of the operating oil to the multi-turn actuator when the valve is fully moved to the open state; a second hydraulic breaker disposed on a second hydraulic line connected to the multi-turn actuator so as to block the supply of the operating oil to the multi-turn actuator when the valve is fully moved to the closed state; a solenoid valve connected to the other end of the first hydraulic line and the other end of the second hydraulic line and stopping the supply and collection of the operating oil if the first hydraulic breaker or the second hydraulic breaker is blocked; a first pressure gage disposed between the first hydraulic breaker and the solenoid valve and detecting the complete open state of the valve if a first hydraulic value generated from the first hydraulic line is over a predetermined pressure threshold value; and a second pressure gage disposed between the second hydraulic breaker and the solenoid valve and detecting the complete closed state of the valve if a second hydraulic value generated from the second hydraulic line is over the predetermined pressure threshold value. [Reference numerals] (110) Multi-turn actuator


Bacillus sp. associated with an entomopathogenic nematode is shown to produce diketopiperazine (DKP) that showed stronger antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 8 μg mL− 1] than commercial fungicide oligochitosan (MIC: 125 μg mL− 1). DKP identified as cyclo(d-Tyr-l-Leu) was isolated for the first time from a natural source with a d-tyrosine residue. This report also demonstrates for the first time an antifungal property exploration of cyclo(Tyr-Leu) class of dipeptides. The structural elucidation was carried out using 1D, 2D NMR methods and HPLC.


A graph G is a combined k‐fault‐tolerant Hamiltonian graph (also called a combined k‐Hamiltonian graph) if G − F is Hamiltonian for every subset F ⊂ (V(G) ∪ E(G)) with |F| = k. A combined k‐Hamiltonian graph G with |V(G)| = n is optimal if it has the minimum number of edges among all n‐node k‐Hamiltonian graphs. Using the concept of node expansion, we present a powerful construction scheme to construct a larger combined k‐Hamiltonian graph from a given smaller graph. Many previous graphs can be constructed by the concept of node expansion. We also show that our construction maintains the optimality property in most cases. The classes of optimal combined k‐Hamiltonian graphs that we constructed are shown to have a very good diameter. In particular, those optimal combined 1‐Hamiltonian graphs that we constructed have a much smaller diameter than that of those constructed previously by Mukhopadhyaya and Sinha, Harary and Hayes, and Wang et al. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


images. (Ackerman 2002) Fewer links. Vertical page layout. Abstract images. Pictures of students & people. (Callahan 2005) Simple with clear metaphors. Restricted amounts of data (Marcus and Gould 2000) Formal organization charts, rules, regulations, extensive legalese. (Rajkumar 2003 in Callahan 2005) References to daily life. (Ackerman 2002) Horizontal page layout. More pictures of buildings. (Callahan 2005) 6.3.5 Long Term Orientation Long Term orientation is the least studied of the Hofstede dimensions and it was also the dimensions where we found most contradictions with previous work. Indeed there were no good matches between the identified design features in the Wollotuka project and the expectations of cultures with a low score on this dimension. It is suggested that websites for low scoring cultures will focus on fast efficient task execution. However, our web site promotes a slower explorative navigation by way of the interactive media. Contrary to other findings there was also a strong preference in our design to focus and highlight traditional practices that focus on Aboriginal knowledge practices. Likewise, love/devotion, social coherence and support through community, along with a more personal style of communication were all aspects of the design that were identified as important for inclusion in the Wollotuka website. These types of features have been associated with high rather than low measures on the long-term orientation dimension. Capturing Cultural Requirements in the Design of a Website for an Aboriginal Community Reece George 155 Table 6.7: Key Design Features Expected for Low and High Values in Hofstede's Long Term Orientation Dimension. Score on Hofstede's Dimensions Low High Long Term Orientation Green text indicates a correlation with the design requirements for the Wollotuka project, red text indicates results were contrary to the design requirements of the Wollotuka project. Emphasis on allowing the user to accomplish tasks quickly. (Marcus and Gould 2000) Few references to tradition. Emphasis on current events. Present clear strategic plans. (Rajkumar 2003 in Callahan 2005) Anonymous messages tolerated. (Ackerman 2002) Emphasis on tradition and history. Provide archives of early photos & images of founders. Make frequent references to the distant future. (Rajkumar 2003 in Callahan 2005) Love/devotion; social coherence, responsibility, support, preference for face-to-face communication, flags, pictures of groups inviting participation. (Ackerman 2002)


The power production of wind turbines can be increased by the use of winglets without increasing the swept area. This makes them suitable for sites with restrictions in rotor diameter and in wind farms. The present project aims at understanding how winglets influences the flow and the aerodynamic forces on wind turbine blades. A free wake vortex lattice code and a fast design algorithm for a horizontal axis wind turbine under steady conditions has been developed. 2 winglet designs are threated in detail.


The pressure wave propagation method, usually used to study electrical behavior of dielectric materials, is applied here to nondestructive detection and quantification of adhesion defects in a bilayer structure. This method relies on a very simple idea: as an electric field is created in a bilayer dielectric sample placed between short-circuited electrodes, the propagation of a pressure pulse induces an electric signal. If the field distribution is known, the signal leads to the pressure profile all along its propagation through the sample and therefore gives information on the interface. First, we extend the signal expression already established for a monolayer structure to a multilayer structure and consider particularly bilayer structures. After explaining the signal analysis in perfectly bonded and totally disbonded structures, a model is proposed to describe and analyze the signal in a partially disbonded structure and relate it to the percentage of totally disbonded area in the zone being tested by ...


Composite component manufacturers are often faced with having to quote and produce products "Built-to-Print". Often, polymer composite component blueprints/drawings/CAD files are designed under insufficient paradigms and mirror features common in metal components. Composites, which are composed of a plastic resin matrix and reinforcing fiber architecture, are not homogeneous materials like metals and are very susceptible to design features and processing technology variations. Composites are often analyzed as materials that provide enhanced strength to weight ratios, ignoring the impact of processing on performance. The focus of our research work in intelligent decision support tools for composites focuses on the conceptual design stages. There are a number of computing tools for analyzing composite structures based on finite element or finite difference methods and others that determine ply draping and lay-up. There are few tools which assist the design engineer at the conceptual phase where many of the critical affordability drivers are established. Our work has focused on the redesign of existing metal assemblies using composites because this activity is more knowledge rich than starting a design from scratch. The replacement of metal assemblies is also the dominant application area for composites and thus is highly leveraged for decision support assistance.


When it appeared in 1991, Paul Lauter's Canons and Contexts was not a breakthrough book. It could, of course, be read as a companion to Lauter's recently published Heath Anthology of American Literature (1990), a breakthrough text by any measure, but on its own, it was not an introduction to the next big thing. At the time, the most exciting events in academic publishing were happening in a wholly new section of the bookstore, where the buzz was all about Diana Fuss's Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature, and Difference (1989), Judith Butler's Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990), Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's Epistemology of the Closet (1990), and the late Thomas Yingling's Hart Crane and the Homosexual Text: New Thresholds, New Anatomies (1990). In 1991–92, I was a young assistant professor at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign; Paris is Burning (1991) had finally arrived at our one "art" theater, our campus was hosting the second annual graduate student conference on lesbian, bisexual, and gay studies ("Making It Perfectly Queer," with Butler as the keynote speaker), and Lisa Duggan was the visiting postdoc of Illinois's Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory. Suddenly, the world seemed a much more gay and lively place than it had even a few short years earlier; bliss was it in that queer theory dawn to be alive, but to be a young assistant professor in the humanities was very heaven. Canons and Contexts, by contrast, was something of an exercise in consolidation: bringing together 14 of Lauter's essays written over the course of two decades, it appeared in the midst of queer theory's anni mirabiles as a document of earlier disciplinary struggles, providing a record of the first fledgling attempts on the part of scholars in American studies to diversify the literary canon


In this paper, we present a free-space setup for the high- and low-temperature dielectric characterization of materials from 8.0 to 110 GHz along with the measured results. Using an HP 8510 XF single-connection, single-sweep network analyzer along with three pairs of spot-focused horn lens antennas, it is possible to perform broadband in-situ and real-time dielectric characterization of materials. Presently, all other methods have the disadvantages of either being narrowband or single-frequency measurement, and the difficulties associated with accurate sample preparation for different frequency bands. This method, based on a microwave beam focused to a measurement plane, is noncontact, so it can be adapted easily for measurements in high-temperature and hostile environments. The frequency dependence of the complex dielectric properties of a number of common samples is measured as a function of temperature and frequency, and is compared with existing data. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 100–105, 2000.


Forty years ago, the Club of Rome published a groundbreaking report, The Limits to Growth (Meadows et al. 1972). The report presented possible future scenarios about human consumption of resources ...


Rolling bearing fault diagnosis is an important task in mechanical engineering. Existing methods have several limitations, such as requiring domain knowledge and a large number of training samples. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a new diagnosis approach, i.e., multiview feature construction based on genetic programming with the idea of ensemble learning (MFCGPE), to automatically construct high-level features from multiple views and build an effective ensemble for identifying different fault types using a small number of training samples. The MFCGPE approach uses a new program structure to automatically construct a flexible number of features from every single view. A new fitness function based on accuracy and distance is developed in MFCGPE to improve the discriminability of the constructed features. To further improve the generalization performance, an ensemble of classifiers based on k-nearest neighbor is created by using the constructed features from every single view. Three bearing datasets and 19 competitive methods are used to validate the effectiveness of the new approach. The results show that MFCGPE achieves higher diagnostic accuracy than all the compared methods on the three datasets with a small number of training samples.


We report that nanoparticles (NPs) produced from porous silicon carbide (SiC) can be used as both fluorescent probes and sonosensitizers for biomedical applications. SiC-based NPs can be efficiently activated by therapeutic ultrasound irradiation, which results in complete destruction of cells in vitro .


Unbalance of the neutral point voltage at DC- side and the dead- time effect of three- level SVG based on the NPC inverter topology was discussed. And a control strategy based on trigger pulse adjustment to balance the neutral point voltage and compensate the dead- time effect was proposed,to simultaneously achieve neutral point voltage balancing and dead- time effect compensation using one single algorithm. The current space vector in the two- phase static coordinate system was applied to judge the directions of the three- phase output current of the SVG with which to implement neutral point voltage balancing and dead- time effect compensation. At last,an 1140 V 100k W SVG prototype was developed with DSP TMS320F28335. The validity of the proposed control strategy was verified in experiment.


Quality human resources are the most important and most important thing needed by a country for its economic development, especially the younger generation. Human resource development can be done through educational facilities. One of the education needed by the younger generation is entrepreneurship education. Through entrepreneurship education, students will be able to recognize and understand not only the value and knowledge of entrepreneurship, but also the characteristics of entrepreneurship. Which, the characteristics of entrepreneurship are not something that can be owned by every individual in general. But only individuals who have my entrepreneurial thoughts and behavior have them. So it can be interpreted that the characteristics of entrepreneurship are still not widely known by the younger generation. So the government is trying to commit to introducing the characteristics of entrepreneurship through educational facilities. The sooner the younger generation recognizes and even has entrepreneurial characteristics, the better the quality of Indonesian human resources. know themselves and others through brain color measurement. Which through this test students can know and understand themselves, even others more deeply. This brain color measurement is used to measure the entrepreneurial characteristics of students.


The rapid development of fourth party logistics brings the integration advantages of logistics business to customer.However,it also makes the customer facing the risk of delivery time uncertainty and delay.In order to promote the development of fourth party logistics and reduce lead-time risk loss,it is necessnary to manage delivery lead-time risk of outsourcing logisitcs efficiently.Considering the two different lead-time demand of customer,i.e.,emergency delivery and delay penalty,this paper studies lead-time contract design for fourth party logistics based on principal-agent theory and contract design knowledge.It establishes a mathematical model and solves for the optimal contract parameters of fourth party logistics and optimal effort level of third party logistics.The designed contract can induce the third party logistics to exert optimal effort level in fourth party logistics interest,reducing the lead-time penalty that the fourth party logistics should bear.The fourth party logistics can extract all channel profit and the third party logistics only can get his reservation profit.Numerical experiments is conducted to investigate the impact of third party logistics' s output coefficient on optimal decision.


Mid‐crustal Archean pelitic granulites in the Vredefort Dome experienced a static, low‐P granulite facies overprint associated with the formation of the dome by meteorite impact at 2.02 Ga. Heating and exhumation were virtually instantaneous, with the main source of heat being provided by energy released from nonadiabatic decay of the impact shock wave. Maximum temperatures within a radius of a few kilometres of the centre of the structure exceeded 900 °C and locally even exceeded 1350 °C. This led to comprehensive melting of the precursor Archean granulite assemblages (Grt + Bt + Qtz + Pl + Ksp ± Crd ± Opx ± Sil) followed by peritectic crystallization of aluminous alkali feldspar+Crd + Spl ± Crn ± Sil parageneses and the segregation of small, evolved, biotite leucogranite bodies. However, at a distance of c. 6 km from the centre pre‐impact rock features are largely preserved, although partial replacement of garnet by symplectitic coronas of Crd + Opx ± Spl ± Pl and biotite by orthopyroxene indicate that peak temperatures approached 775 ± 50 °C. Thin interstitial moats of K‐feldspar are closely associated with the orthopyroxene coronas; they are interpreted as the remnants of low‐proportion partial melts generated by biotite breakdown. Both the textures and mineral compositional data support reduced equilibration volumes in these rocks, which reflect rapid isobaric cooling following shock heating and exhumation. The high temperatures and strong lateral thermal gradient are consistent with the modelled impact‐induced isotherm pattern for a 200–300 km diameter impact crater.


The growing issues on the quality of audit and accounting conservatisms have long been regarded and seemed as a hot debated since both could impact on the capital market efficiency. This study aims to verify on accounting conservatism in the financial statements of Malaysian listed companies and investigate the impact of the audit quality which is characterized by the amount of audit and non-audit fees paid to the incumbent auditor, auditor tenure and audit firm size on accounting conservatisms in the financial reports of 208 listed Government-Linked Companies (GLCs) and non-GLCs across four years of period from 2006 to 2009. The study found that there is no acceptable level on improving of accounting conservatism in financial statement issued by Malaysian listed companies. However, we found that the company's dependence on debt have significant impact on the improving level of accounting conservatism. The result also reveals several auditing quality attributes are good.


A miraculous and unique personage in the history of modern Chinese literature,Zhang Ailing has produced all over her life two novels,over 30 novellas and short stories,100-odd prose as well as numerous translations and works of literary criticism,etc.—a clear indication that she is a prolific writer. Zhang's name is often associated with "peculiarity" ,for she is distinguished by her celebrated life,outstanding talent,apathy as well as pride and aloofness. By reading her brilliant and marvelous works,we can keenly sense the unique charm of her writing.


Background:  Implantation failure is the most important cause of recurrent in vitro fertilisation (IVF)/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failure. It has been reported that endometrial injury using a biopsy catheter resulted in a higher pregnancy rate in following cycle of treatment. The local endometrial trauma increases the implantation rate through the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and growth factor.


One of the opportunities to finance succesful projects represents the european funds that Romania can access through the Operational Programmes implemented for 2007 2013 period. After more then three years the absortion level of these funds remains very low and the projects aproved to be financed face many difficulties during the implementation process. In this paper we try to indentify the state of the financing process for the most accessed operational programme – human resources development.


Objective To study the effects of the traffic pollution on blood pressure of traffic policemen in a certain city.Methods The pollution status induced by the traffic in some selected traffic pathways were monitored.281 male traffic policemen in a certain city were investigated by answering the questionnaire,and their pressure were examined.Results The rate of abnormal blood pressure and the level of systolic pressure 、diastolic pressure of policemen who work outside were higher than those of policemen who work in the office,and the differences were significant(P0.05).But results of stratified analysis showed that the differences in younger-age group and shorter work_years group were not significant(P0.05),and the differences were strongly significant(P0.05) in elder-age group(≥45years old) and longer_work_years group(≥20years).Conclusion Changes of the level of blood pressure of traffic policemen were mainly induced by long exposure to the traffic pollution.


February and increased their crowing at a similar rate during both years. The highest intensity of crowing occurred on April 5 in 1958 and on April 17 in 1959. Daily crowing intensity was highest from 45 to 15 minutes before sunrise, and it declined progressively during two subsequent '/2-hr periods. Variation in frequency of crowing among individual cocks was highly significant; one bird crowed 44 times, another crowed 494 times during the same observavation period. REFERENCES CITED FEDERER, W. T. 1955. Experimental design. The Macmillan Co., New York. 544pp. KIMBALL, J. W. 1949. The crowing count pheasant census. J. Wildl. Mgmt., 31(1): 101-120. KLONGLAN, E. D. AND E. L. KOZIcKY. 1953. Variations in two spring indices of male pheasant populations. Story County, Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 60:660-664. MCCLURE, H. E. 1944. Censusing pheasants by detonations. J. Wildl. Mgmt., 8(1):61-65. NOMSEN, R. C. 1953. Crowing cock count. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 60:700-706. Received for publication January 23, 1962.


Abstract : The US Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command (USASMDC/ARSTRAT) proposes to expand the integration, operation, and testing of LEMV hybrid airships at JB MDL. The LEMV requires a hangar of adequate size and height to house the inflated hybrid airship, plus office and shop space for engineers, testers, maintenance and assembly crews, and equipment/tool storage areas. The LEMV will also require airfields and airspace for test and training flights. Up to 3 LEMVs would be integrated and tested annually. The Proposed Action for the EA is to provide facilities and airfields for the LEMV integration and testing.


Gurtin variational principles lead the mixed initial boumdary value problem of dynamics to a cquivalent boundary value one.Based on the Gurtin variational principle ,a mixed spline finite element method for initial value problems of a plate is presented by applying the spline finite element method to space domain .Higher accuracy can be obtained by using the method than the existing methods for dynamic responses.


In practice of civil procedure,It is common phenomenon for judges and litigants to ignore the importance of cause of action.By studying a civil dispute,It is indicated that the determination of the Cause of Action is play an great role in civil trial practice.


Plantago is a cosmopolitan genus. In Brazil occur about 16 species for this genus. A survey of the species was conducted based on the literature, field collections and the review of regional herbaria. For the Southern Brazil, the occurrence of 12 species was confirmed: Plantago australis Lam., P. brasiliensis Sims, P. catharinea Decne., P. coronopus L., P. commersoniana Decne. ex Barneoud, P. guilleminiana Decne., P. lanceolata L., P. myosuros Lam., P. major L., P. penantha Griseb., P. tomentosa Lam., P. turficola Rahn in three subgenus and five sections. The synonymy of P. australis subsp. angustifolia (Pilg.) Rahn in P. australis is proposed. This work presents key for identification, descriptions, illustrations, and data on habitat, phenological and geographical distribution of the confirmed species.


Abstract The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of 28Cr-4Mo and 28Cr-4Mo-2Ni alloys with low carbon and nitrogen levels was investigated. Sigma and chi phases form in these alloys in the range 1300 to 1700 F (704 to 927 C). The rate of formation is slow. Heating 1 hour at 1500 F (816 C) results in only a small amount of sigma phase at grain boundaries. This does not impair corrosion resistance. Annealing at 2000 F (1093 C) readily dissolves this sigma phase, and also much larger amounts of sigma and chi phases formed after heating 100 hours at 1500 F. These alloys are subject to embrittlement by hydrogen. It was shown that embrittlement produced in cold worked material by brief cathodic charging in 10% H2SO4 containing a sulfide can be eliminated by exposure to boiling water or aging at room temperature. Both compositions showed excellent resistance to crevice corrosion in a 9 month test in the ocean at the New Jersey shore. Resistance to caustic cracking was demonstrated by a t...


Abstract. We present a new method for converting circularly polarized light into radially or azimuthally polarized light by using an achromatic meniscus axicon and two additional halfwave retarders. The rotationally symmetric meniscus axicon, consisting of a pair of convex and concave conical surfaces with the same apex angle, exploits the double total internal reflections when light passes through it to produce π/2 phase retardation with an azimuth-variant polarization orientation. The properties of highly achromatic retardation, which provide excellent stability of retardation against temperature variation for the meniscus axicon, is numerically demonstrated.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and the possible mechanism thereof.Methods:The collected clinical data of 1 040 patients with T2DM were retrospectively reviewed.According to SUA levels,1 040 patients of T2DM were divided into hyperuricemia (HUA) group (n=117) and normal uric acid (NUA) group (n=923).The differences in clinical indicators and the incidence of vascular complications were compared between patients of two groups.Results:(1) The incidence rates of diabetic nephropathy (DN),hypertension and cerebrovascular complications were significantly higher in patients of HUA group than those of NUA group (P 0.01).(2) There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) between HUA group and NUA group (P 0.01).(3)The multivariable non-conditional logistic analysis showed that the values of BMI,TG,HDL-C and HbA1c were influencing factors of SUA.Conclusion:The incidence rate of vascular complications was higher in T2DM patients with hyperuricemia.Therefore,much attention should be paid to the risk factors for SUA.


Tumor progression is coincident with mechanochemical changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that tumor stroma stiffening, alongside a shift in the ECM composition from a basement membrane-like microenvironment toward a dense network of collagen-rich fibers during tumorigenesis, confers resistance to otherwise powerful chemotherapeutics. We created a high-throughput drug screening platform based on our poly(ethylene glycol)-phosphorylcholine (PEG-PC) hydrogel system, and customized it to capture the stiffness and integrin-binding profile of in vivo tumors. We report that the efficacy of a Raf kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, is reduced on stiff, collagen-rich microenvironments, independent of ROCK activity. Instead, sustained activation of JNK mediated this resistance, and combining a JNK inhibitor with sorafenib eliminated stiffness-mediated resistance in triple negative breast cancer cells. Overall, we discovered that β1 integrin and its downstream effector JNK mediate sorafenib resistance during tumor stiffening. These results also highlight the need for more advanced cell culture platforms, such as our high-throughput PEG-PC system, with which to screen chemotherapeutics.


We thank Geluk and Zijlstra for their kind words as well as their considerations and proposals. The latter hits right into the heart of the issue: should one stick to the 'anatomic' paradigm urging us to detect and treat coronary stenoses and calcifications rather than follow the 'physiological' approach to examine for and potentially treat the hypoperfusion, often but not always, caused by stenoses?

Following the first paradigm, a sensitivity of 81% for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and may be even one of 95% for three-vessel disease should be considered suboptimal in what …


Absolute configuration of optically active 7,12-bis(dicyanomethylene)-7,12-dihydrobenz[a]anthracene (1) with interconvertible planar chirality was determined by a comparison of experimental and theoretical circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Upon standing at ambient temperatures, 1 was found to spontaneously racemize, the rates of which were assessed through the separation profiles of chiral HPLC at 5-20 degrees C and also from the CD spectral decay profiles at the same temperatures. Mechanism of the racemization was discussed.


In this paper, the performance of spectrum adaptation in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with elastic traffic is analytically evaluated. Contrary to most of the previously published related works on spectrum adaptation in CRNs, in this paper both call buffering and unencumbered service time with non-exponential probability distribution are considered. To reduce the negative impact of the interruption of ongoing calls of secondary users (SUs) due to the arrival of primary users (PUs) on the quality of service and to exploit the delay tolerance of elastic traffic, call buffering is employed. Although in cognitive radio networks with elastic traffic and spectrum adaptation there is a tradeoff among blocking/interruption probability and transmission delay, transmission delay has been not previously evaluated as performance metric in these systems. The developed mathematical model additionally considers both impatient time and non-homogeneous bandwidth requirement (i.e., different number of channels utilized) for PUs and SUs. System performance is evaluated in terms of new call and forced call termination probabilities, throughput, and transmission delay. Different probability distributions of the unencumbered service time are considered.


AbstractOne of the most successful demonstrations of an integrated approach to observe Earth from multiple perspectives is the A-Train satellite constellation. The science enabled by this constellation flourished with the introduction of the two active sensors carried by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) CloudSat and the NASA–Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellites that were launched together on 28 April 2006. These two missions have provided a 10-yr demonstration of coordinated formation flying that made it possible to develop integrated products and that offered new insights into key atmospheric processes. The progress achieved over this decade of observations, summarized in this paper, clearly demonstrate the fundamental importance of the vertical structure of clouds and aerosol for understanding the influences of the larger-scale atmospheric circulation on aerosol, the hydrological cycle, t...


Monofluoromethyl (CH2F) radical can be easily generated from a sulfoximine-based precursor (CH2F–S(=O)(=NTs)-Ph) by the action of visible-light metal-free photoredox catalysis with readily accessible 1,4-bis(diphenylamino)naphthalene. The catalyst design based on the high excitation energy (E0,0) and interchromophoric conjugation features a strong reducing power and a high quantum yield of emission of the photocatalyst. In addition, their photophysical properties are preserved in various polar solvents. The present system is amenable to oxy-monofluoromethylation of alkenes with high functional-group tolerance, i.e., single-step synthesis of γ-fluoroalcohol scaffolds from various alkenes. Applications to late-stage functionalization of potentially bioactive molecules are also shown.


In most schools today, educators place a tremendous emphasis on special education and properly serving students with special needs. Early processes such as the Response to Intervention model aid student learning and progress, but most of these programs focus on improving student reading and mathematics skills in the classroom (Venn,2014). The effects of different output methods of writing to assist students with learning disabilities in writing seem to be consistently overlooked. Because of this problem, I plan to compare different writing methods in hopes to contribute to the research exploring the impact of writing method on writing length and quality for students with learning disabilities.


In this article, a folded monopole antenna loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) is proposed for tri‐band applications. The two bands of the antenna are generated by the folding of the monopole (first band is caused due to fundamental mode and another due to higher order mode) and CSRRs have been responsible for the third band. By using four such antennas in form of an array, the gain and bandwidth have been improved. The prototype of the antenna array is developed on FR4 substrate and simulated results are experimentally validated. A simplified equivalent circuit model of the antenna has been developed and analyzed to quantify the power loss due to input impedance mismatch at each resonance frequency. By using the EM model of the proposed antenna in the Keysight ADS verification test bench its suitability to operate in the system environment has been confirmed.


Han Yu and Liu Zong-yuan were the advocates for ancient literature movement of Mid-Tang dynasty.They argued for the past ways of composition popular in Qin and Han dynasties,but went against the "Pian" writing style emphasizing structure and neglecting content in order to guard against Confucianism.Han promoted that writing should be practical and sincere.Liu held that writing should be filled with high spirits,and an author's virtues should be ranked the same status as his works.Comparing with Han,Liu had a broader and richer writing style,and valued more the reality problems of Dao.And he more emphasized the union of article form and content,the unification of moral behavior and article quality.Han and Liu constructed comparatively complete ancient literature theory system of Tang dynasty and established a solid theory basis for the victory of the literature reform movement in North-Song dynasty.


Dutch uses a variety of strategies to dislocate (or seemingly dislocate) elements from the main proposition. Next to potentially sentence-internal dislocations such as appositions and parentheses, the following types of peripheral dislocation exist: contrastive left-dislocation (CLD), hanging topic left-dislocation (HTLD), backgrounding right-dislocation (BRD), and afterthoughts (AFT); these are illustrated in (1):


Quebec is a Province of Canada, and it is the largest by extension and the second most populous area of the Confederation of Canada after Ontario. The provincial capital is the city of Quebec while the most populous city is Montreal. Because of its language (the official language is French, rectius Canadian French), its culture and its institutions, it is considered as a nation within Canada. Quebec is part of the region known as French Canada, predominantly Francophone. Quebec is the only Canadian province where English is not the official language and one of the two in which French is the official language (the other is the New Brunswick, or Nouveau Brunswick). The English-speakers in Quebec are a minority recognized by law. Since 1960, there is an ongoing debate on the role of the French-speakers' world than the rest of Canada, predominantly Anglophones. The history of politics of Quebec has been characterized by many efforts to achieve the sovereignty of Quebec. To be more precise we have to say that during the time Quebec asked for different requests: from complete independence, to create a sort of association with the rest of Canada, or Quebec claimed for the autonomy  of the Province.


considering the nonlinear delay difference equation xn xn+ 1=α + xn-k, n = 0,1,2, … where,x-k,… ,x0, α∈(0,+ ∞ )and k ∈{1,2, …},we obtain the global attractivity, the boundedness character and the periodic nature of the difference equation, in addition to, we show that the global asymptotic stable of the difference equation under specied conditions.


Transportation concurrency is a fairly simple concept; local governments are required to provide transportation infrastructure concurrent with the impact of development. In Florida, the implementation of transportation concurrency has remained controversial since the requirement was first passed in 1986; the legislation has been amended four times to address concerns that have been raised in its implementation. This paper explores the implementation of concurrency in Florida through an evaluation of the use of Transportation Concurrency Exception Areas (TCEAs) throughout the state. TCEAs were incorporated into Florida's Growth Management Act in 1993 to address the concern that local governments could not implement a concurrency management system in already developed areas because these areas did not have adequate roadway capacity. In 2005, in the Growth Management Reform Act (GMRA), the requirements for TCEAs were enhanced to require local governments to adopt strategies within their comprehensive plan that support and fund mobility, and address urban design, appropriate land use mixes and network connectivity needed to promote urban infill, redevelopment and downtown revitalization. In this research the 28 existing TCEAs are evaluated using the new requirements to understand how TCEAs have been used in Florida. The results show that a majority of local governments have adopted policies consistent with the new requirements. These results suggest that the TCEAs have offered local governments a planning tool to address the needs for multimodal planning and community design in already urbanized areas.


1530 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 43, NUMBER 12 The 1996 AMS-MAA-SIAM Frank and Brennie Morgan Prize for Outstanding Research in Mathematics by an Undergraduate Student was presented to Manjul Bhargava. The prize was presented during the Seattle Mathfest in August. Lenhard L. Ng was named Honorable Mention. Both Bhargava and Ng were undergraduates at Harvard and finished their degrees there this year.


Objective:Controlled and open study was used to investigate the short-term clinical effect of Gankang granules(GKG) on chronic viral hepatitis B.Methods: In this study,68 patients were allocaed to GKG and Xianggujun Duotang Tablet(XGJDT)groups to observe ALT,AST,viral marker changes and changes of clinical symptoms.Results:At the end of three monthes treatment,the scores of primary symptoms and subsequence symptoms in both groups were lower after treatment than those before treatment respectively,but the two groups after treatment were different.GKG group was better than that of XGJDT group.After treatment the HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA were much better decreased of GKG group than that of XGJDT group.After three month treatment,the effective rate of GKG group and XGJDT group is 61.8% 35.3% respectively.Adverse events didn't taken place in this trials.Conclusion:GKG is effective to treat chronic hepatitis B with a good short-term clinic efficacy.


The impact of sectoral location on the gender earnings gap is important in the context of Vietnam's transition into a market-oriented economy. More and more women are seeking employment in the private sector either in response to retrenchment in the public sector or in response to increasing economic opportunities in the private sector. We apply the Appleton et al. (1999) decomposition technique to the Vietnam Living Standards Survey data collected in 199293 and 1997-98, to decompose the gender earnings gap into within sector and between-sector differences. It has found that sectoral location has become more important in 1997-98 and that the changes have had an adverse impact on the gender gap. To further examine the results, conventional decomposition methods are used on different sectors. Three main conclusions are drawn. First, the absolute gender earnings gap has risen over time in the private sector. Second, discrimination has increasingly accounted for more of the gender earnings differences in the private sector over time. Third, discrimination accounts for more of the gap in the private sector than in SOEs in 1997-98 than in 1992-93. Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY http://apseg.anu.edu.au International and Development Economics Working Paper 01-3 20/02/02 Gender wage gap in transition in Vietnam 1 Gender wage gap in transition in Vietnam Amy Y.C. Liu Economics of Development National Centre for Development Studies Crawford Building Australian National University Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia Email: email@example.com Phone: (61) 02 6249 3198/6249 0177 Fax: (61) 02 6249 5570


The beauty of National Chemistry Week (NCW) is that it provides an easy way to surround students with chemistry that is related to familiar, everyday items and ideas. The theme for October 17–23, 2004 is "Health and Wellness." Several articles in this issue link chemistry to items from the natural world.


Objective To investigate the risk factors,clinical features,treatment and prognosis in adult patients with refractory status epilepticus(RSE).Methods A total of 54 cases of status epilepticus(SE)with 58 onsets hospitalized during October,1996 and June,2006 in the Department of Neurology of Nanfang Hospital were divided into RSE group and non-refractory status epilepticus (NRSE)group.A retrospective study was made on these patients to analyze the causes of the disease, inducements,clinical symptoms,assistant examinations and prognoses ere comparatively.Results All the 58 episodes fulfilled the criteria of SE put forward by SE workgroup of the Epilepsy Foundation of America in 1993.Of all the onsets of SE,43.1% were RSE,viral encephalitis more often the primary cause ofRSE(P=0.001);on the contrary,NRSE was more often occurred to patients with history of epilepsy(P=0.000)and in SE induced by the change in medication(P=0.003);GCS score and prognosis in RSE group were significantly poor(P=0.000,respectively).Conclusion SE is frequently refractory to first- and second- line antiepileptic drugs.Viral encephalitis is a predictor of great importance for RSE, with markedly poor outcome.Up until now,we still cannot give a reasonable prescription for the treatment of RSE.


Fluorescent conjugated polymer, poly(3-aminobenzoic acid), as a new class of fluorescence sensor for detection of trace amounts of water in organic solvents was developed. This sensor exhibits extraordinarily high sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 0.008 wt% for water in DMF.


Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation have been widely studied and the difference between them will throw light on both developmental and educational practices. In this paper, we revisit the classic definitions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation remains an important construction, reflecting the natural human tendency to learn and assimilate. However, extrinsic motivation is argued to vary considerably in its relative independence and thus can either reflect external control or true self regulation. Both these motivations are related to basic human needs for independence, proficiency and relatedness, and these we discuss in our paper after having experimented in the class room through some activities.


The paper studies the structural and semantic features of the system of social metaphors representing the source domain "human body", which are observed in the modern German language. This group of conceptual metaphors, describing the social reality of Germany, is based both on traditional and on occasional images.


The rapid development of the times has positive and negative impacts on life. Moral and spiritual degradation is one of the negative impacts that emerge like humans living without a clear purpose. Resulting in high crime both drug abuse, juvenile delinquency and so on. These problems make humans a cause as well as those responsible for solving them. Meanwhile conceptually the problem is closely related to personality problems or in Islam is called morals. The purpose of this study is to describe and review the concepts of Sufism and its relevance in everyday life. This research is a  Library Research Because of that the data source is in the form of library materials such as books, journals and scientific articles. In accordance with the type, the data collection in this study uses library research methods which are analyzed using the method of description and data analysis . The h acyl of pe nelitian this is maqamat and ahwal shown are by Abu Nasr al-Sarraj, the author of  Al-Luma ': Reference Complete Science of Sufism ,  which maqamat that there are seven, namely: repentance,  wara,  ascetic, fakir, patient, trust, and pleasure. The ahwal are  muraqabah  ,  mahabbah, khauf, raja', syauq,' uns, tuma'ninah, musyahadah  , and sure. The relevance of the concepts of Sufism to present life is that these concepts will become a guideline for achieving a true approach to God.


The present manuscript describes new, simple, accur ate, and precise high performance thin layer chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in combined tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation of the drugs was performed on aluminium plates are coated with silica gel 60 F 254 as the stationary phase and the solvent system con sisted of Chloroform: Methanol: Acetonitrile : Glacial acetic acid (5:1:2.5:1.5 v/v). Densitometric evaluation o f the separated zones was performed at 292 nm. The two drugs were satisfactorily resolved with R f values 0.82 and 0.56 for Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydr ochloride respectively. The linear regression data for the calibration plots showed good relationship with r 2 = 0.993 from 500-1500 ng/spot for Sildenafil Citra te and r 2 = 0.995 from 1000-3000 ng/spot for Dapoxetine Hydrochloride. The methods were validated for precision, accuracy, and recovery. The percentage recovery for Slidenafil Citrate was found to be 100.02% - 100.0 8% and 99.95% - 99.99%.Dapoxetine Hydrochloride. The limits of detection and quantification were 143.3625 and 434.4318 ng/spot per spot for Sildenafil Citrat e and 315.4586 and 955.9351 ng/spot per spot Dapoxetine


In semiconductor manufacturing, accurate measurement of shapes and sizes of fabricated features is required. These measurements are carried out using critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM). Positions of edges are often unclear because of charging. Depending on the SEM setup and the pattern under measurement, the effect of charging varies. The influence of measurement conditions can be simulated and optimized. A Monte Carlo electron beam simulation tool was developed, which takes into account electron scattering and charging. CD-SEM imaging of silicon dioxide lines on silicon was studied. In the experiment, changes in the beam voltage were found to result in contrast tone reversal. The same effect was also found in simulations considering charging. The time dependence of contrast variation was studied. A good agreement between simulation and measurement was found. The simulation software proved reliable in predicting SEM images, which makes it an important instrument to optimize settings ...


Tightly-focused femtosecond laser pulse (<35fs, 800nm) irradiation up to sub-peta-W/cm2 at the focus onto thin water flow (10-15μm thick) in air results in plasma formation associated with dynamic and macroscopic laser ablation phenomena. Under such experimental conditions, hard X-ray, THz wave, and sound/ultrasound emission were measured with a Geiger counter, time-domain spectroscopy with a ZnTe(110) crystal (1mm-thick) based on electro-optical sampling method, and microphone/transducer, simultaneously. Under the single pulse irradiation, intensities of X-ray, THz wave, and sound show their maxima at the same position of the water flow along the laser irradiation axis (Z-axis), while the width of the intensity profile along the Z-axis is narrower at 44μm in X-ray than that of THz wave at 225μm and sound (10Hz-20kHz) at 400μm when the laser intensity is at 0.4mJ/pulse and focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror (f = 5cm). Under the double pulse irradiation conditions with the time delay between the main pulse (p-pol.) and the prepulse (s-pol.) up to 15ns, those emissions are enhanced, which can be ascribed to time-dependent various phenomena of laser ablation such as pre-plasma formation and transient surface modifications induced by the pre-pulse irradiation.


This brief presents an approximate transfer function model of two heterogeneous transmission lines connected in series. The proposed model is simple, intuitive, and can accurately describe the frequency response of various serially connected heterogeneous interconnects which satisfy a validity condition. The exact error of the proposed model is also provided. According to our analysis, the validity condition can be clearly interpreted by the propagation and the reflection waves. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparing the calculated transfer function of LC-dominant off-chip and RC-dominant on-chip examples against SPICE simulation results. In these verifications, the maximum errors between calculation and simulation are, respectively, 2.58% and 3.32% for off-chip and on-chip examples. The computation time is also reduced about 29.76 and 289.07 times compared with a single-channel model and the SPICE  ${w}$ -element model. With the proposed model, designers can easily understand the channel responses of diverse serially connected heterogeneous interconnects.


758 Ann Dermatol Received January 19, 2018, Revised June 4, 2018, Accepted for publication July 12, 2018 Corresponding author: Shin Taek Oh, Department of Dermatology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Korea. Tel: 82-42-220-9560, Fax: 82-42-253-5107, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-6446 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © The Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology Fig. 1. Multiple, variable sized, erythematous to skin colored nodules with black pigmented plaques and patches at the base of his scrotum and pubic area (A, B). https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2018.30.6.758


A generic model of the interaction between sexual and asexual morphs in an ecological context was developed from the lotka-Volterra model of the population dynamics of two competing species (Doncaster, Pound & Cox, 2000). This revealed the threshold difference between the resource niches of sexual and asexual populations that allows coexistence between the two morphs. Coexistence depended on the respective carrying capacities of the sexual and asexual competitors, which we showed to be contingent upon the intrinsic growth capacity of the sexual population. The analytical model was extended to study (a) competition between a sexual population and numerous asexual clones; (b) competition between two metapopulation. A special formulation of Slatkin's (1974) three-dimensional model of two competing metapopulations was developed with Lotka-Volterra dynamics, which yielded novel predictions for the behaviour of local and regional communities of species. Coexistence between sexual and asexual morphs maybe unsustainable due to the accumulation of clonal diversity over time, and indeed coexistence is rarely observed in nature. To study the dynamics of this accumulation, a stochastic model was developed for competition between asexual clones and a genetically diverse sexual population that exploits a range of resource niches. A model of the accumulation of deleterious mutations over time was incorporated into this framework. Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrated that a sexual population may, over time, exclude asexual clones whose fitness deteriorates due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations. These results suggest that whilst coexistence between sexual and asexual morphs is possible over ecological timescales the long-term outcome of an asexual invasion is determined by: 1) The relationship between genetic variation and niche breadth in the sexual population. 2) The rate as which the relative fitness of the asexual population declines with mutation accumulation. Reciprocal scenarios of the invasion of an asexual population by sexual mutants and sexual colonists are also considered.


Although a burgeoning literature exists examining the intersections of gender and race in adolescent research, little attention has been paid to Asian American or Pacific Island youth, and this is especially true for girls from these groups. This study surveys the issues confronting Samoan adolescents, with a particular emphasis on the problems facing girls. Utilizing focus group and interview data with Samoan community leaders, other key informants, parents, and adolescent girls (N = 42), this study highlights some of the ways Samoan girls negotiate a social terrain characterized by both racism and sexism. Participants discuss unfavorable biases in schools, unequal domestic gender roles, western legal confines, and a lack of positive role models as critical issues for Samoan girls in contemporary society.


This paper studies a model where the power to set policy (a choice of project) may be assigned to central or regional government via either a federal or unitary referendum. The benefit of central provision is an economy of scale, while the cost is political inefficiency. The relationship between federal and unitary referenda is characterized in the asymptotic case as the number of regions becomes large, under the assumption that the median project benefit in any region is a random draw from a fixed distribution, G. Under some symmetry assumptions, the relationship depends only on the shape of G, not on how willingness to pay is distributed within regions. The relationship to Cremer and Palfrey's "principle of aggregation" is established. Asymptotic results on the efficiency of the two referenda are also proved. Copyright 2004 Blackwell Publishing Inc..


Loadboard is an essential part of ATE(Automatic Test Equipment) of integrated circuit(IC) when testing or calibration. When testing speed being up to 200Mbps or rise time of test signal being below to 1ns, the performance of loadboard has a significant impact on signal integrity, In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of IC test, it is quite necessary to carry out calibration work of loadboard. This paper puts forward an automated calibration method of loadboard of integrated circuit ATE. This calibration method has a number of innovations, which can make sure the loadboard be quickly calibrated without a matching ATE, the calibration equipment of loadboard has advantages such as multipurpose integrating, high stability and strung expandability etc.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of compound anisodine injection for ischemic optic neu- ropathy.Methods We electronically searched www.chkd.cnki.net(1994.1~2005.3)and CBMdisk(1995.1~2004. 12).The quality of literature was reviewed,and data were extracted by two reviewers independently.Meta analysis was conducted used RevMan 4.2.5 software.Results Fourteen RCT involving 1010 patients were included,of the fourteen RCT,two were of high methodological quality according to Jadad scale(the Jadad score≥3).Meta analysis indicated that have high statistical significance was detected between compound anisodine injection and control drug on effectiveness with OR 7.35,95%CI 5.44 to9.93,P<0.00001 and OR4.09,95%CI 2.47 to 6.78,P<0.00001 at the end of treatment. Conclusion s Actual clinical evidence indicated that efficacy and safety of compound anisodine injection for ischemic op- tic neuropathy.More randomized controlled trial of high quality are needed for stronger evidence.


The high cost of laser energy is the crucial issue in any potential laser-processing application. It is expensive relative to other forms of energy and to most bulk chemicals. We show those factors that have previously frustrated attempts to find commercially viable laser-induced processes for the production of materials. Having identified the general criteria to be satisfied by an economically successful laser process and shown how these imply the laser-system requirements, we present a status report on the uranium laser isotope separation (LIS) program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).


The medium-level sulfur-treated (50% monolayer sulfur coverage) iron and cobalt catalysts were tested for FTS activity, with the clean fused iron catalyst tested as a comparative standard for the fixed-bed reactor operated at high pressure (2 MPA). Of the four improved catalysts chosen for evaluation at high pressure FTS synthesis, the medium-level sulfur-treated fused iron catalyst seems most promising, with a 50% reduction in methane yield, a narrower product distribution, and a threefold increase in olefin selectivity. The sulfur-treated catalyst exhibited behavior at 2 MPa similar to the 0.1 MPa synthesis run; however, the olefin selectivity decreased with increasing temperature or pressure. 5 figs., 2 tabs.