In fruit cultivation, not only the cultivar grafted on rootstocks affects the growth and development, but also the cultivars affect the rootstock on which they are grafted. Today, pear growing is carried out with nursery plants that are reproduced by grafting on rootstocks with different growth characteristics. The selection of rootstocks that will constitute the root system of plants is as important as the selection of cultivars. This study was carried out to determine the effect of some pear clone rootstocks and cultivars on the morphological characteristics of pear nursery plant during 2018 and 2019 years. In this study, 'Deveci', 'Williams', 'Santa Maria' and 'Abate Fetel' pear cultivars were grafted with splice grafting method on Fox9, Fox11, OHxF87 and OHxF333pear clone rootstocks. Rootstock diameter (mm), graft point diameter (mm), lateral branch number (pieces), internode number (pieces), the distance between internodes (cm), leaf width and length (cm), leaf number (pieces plant-1), mean and total leaf area (cm2) were examined. In the study, rootstocks and cultivars had an influence on all examined parameters at different levels. The highest graft point diameter was in Fox9 in terms of rootstock means and was in 'Deveci' in terms of cultivar means. In the study, the highest lateral branch number and leaf number were determined in the 'Deveci' cultivar grafted on Fox9. The highest mean leaf area was determined in 'Santa Maria' and the highest total leaf area per plant was determined in 'Deveci'. The number of internodes in the plant was higher in Fox9 rootstock than the other rootstocks. Fox9 rootstock had a lower distance between internodes than the other rootstocks. 'Santa Maria' had a higher distance between internodes than the other cultivars. As a result of the present study, we can say that the 'Deveci' cultivar grafted on the Fox9 rootstock has better values than the other cultivar/rootstock combinations.


INTRODUCTION The design of a parallel transmission system for high field MRI always requires the best compromise between excitation homogeneity, B1 mapping time and hardware cost, which are proportional to the number of transmitting channels. More channels provide higher homogeneity and lower local SAR, since the total radiofrequency power can be optimally spread in the sample [1]. High-order circularly polarized modes and Butler matrix have been proposed [2] as a solution to reduce the number of channels. Nevertheless, this approach does not take into account the B1 distribution inside the sample and cannot be easily implemented for a z-segmented phased array coil [3]. The singular value decomposition (SVD) offers a channel reduction concept that transcends these limitations. It is coil topology-independent. The B1 maps generated by the transmit elements inside a typical sample are used to produce as many orthogonal modes as transmit elements. These modes are intrinsically ordered by SVD from the most to the least efficient. Therefore, the low-singular-value modes can be rejected with only little loss in parallel-transmit performance. Each mode, driven by one channel, corresponds to a linear combination of all the transmit elements. The complex weighting factors are given by SVD. A z-segmented transceiver coil for human head at 7 T is considered. It consists of 2x8 stripline–like transmit elements. The loss in flip angle (FA) shimming performance will be quantified by using only the first 8 modes instead of 16 independent channels. Finally, a hardware solution to construct 8 SVD modes is presented.


Polyethylenimine (PEI) vectors are widely used in gene delivery because of their high transfection efficiency owing to a unique proton sponge effect. An increase in molecular weight increases transfection efficiency, but simultaneously results in increased toxicity. Therefore, the design and synthesis of new degradable gene delivery carriers having high transfection efficiencies and reduced cytotoxicity are necessary.


This study presents a simple technique for the approximation of retardation, thickness and mass of birefringent particles with a retardation from 8 to 231 nm retardation. Tuning of the imaging system (standard light microscope equipped with a left and a right circular polarizer) to match grey values of polymer retarder films of known retardation with rendered grey values allows for a robust calibration and accurate approximation of retardation. In addition, a technique for accurate particle segmentation using a Canny–Deriche algorithm was used to minimize the bias on mass estimated from different thresholding techniques. The technique was tested using microscopic calcitic plates called coccoliths produced by the marine algal group coccolithophores, and the results compare well with published coccolith mass estimates obtained from volumetric analysis.


Objective: To observe the effectiveness of Somatostatin(Octreotide Acetate Injection)and Ulinastatin in curing acute pancreatitis of elderly. Methods: Over the observation of 54 cases of acute pancreatitis of elderly from January 2003 to 2009, Group A of 26 cases had undergone the traditional method while group B had undergone the method of Somatostatin and Ulinastatin in addition to the traditional method. The two group was closely monitored. Results: In comparison with Group B, Group A had a significant difference in effectiveness and average days over hospitalization. Conclusion: The growth of Somatostatin and Ulinastatin have a significant effect in curing acute pancreatitis of elderly (P0.05), as it retards the secretion of pancreatin and resist the activation of pancreatin, thus speeding up the recovery process.


Concerns about climate change, environmental impacts and resources needed for transportation infrastructure, require new and different approaches to planning, designing, and operating transportation solutions on a global scale. College campuses are prime locations to focus on various methods of sustainable transportation, specifically walking and bicycling and the related infrastructures needed for these systems. The necessary infrastructures for these modes of transportation are different than the conventional road system utilized by automobiles. As a result, cities, planners, campuses, and the individuals who will be traveling must understand why changes to transportation infrastructures are important. This may require a mindset change before it becomes incorporated in their everyday lives. Universities can play a large role in this by offering increased infrastructure for bicycling. This paper examines the travel behaviors of students that live on campus at Kansas State University Campus in Manhattan and examines their bicycle ownership and usage habits, through the use of a survey. The survey results suggest that the Jardine Apartments is the area most used for bicycle travel. The survey provides the most perceived prevalent impediments to cycling more often as well as the top elements the University could utilize to promote cycling. This report conducted three binomial logistic regression models to predict bicycle ownership and usage. It was found that being male, residing in the Jardine Apartments, and having a high bicycle comfort level are all important factors.


The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research is therefore aimed at using experimental design to derive a model for the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa. In effect, 32 factorial design with mixed factors was used to design the data layout with country as the random factor and status of COVID-19 patient as the fixed factor. Under country, Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana were randomly selected as the three levels from the seventeen West African countries while under status of COVID-19 patient, recovery, death and active cases were the three fixed levels used. The data for the study were collected based on the monthly recorded number of the various COVID-19 cases (i.e. recovery cases, death cases and active cases out of the total confirmed cases) for the period from February to September, 2020. The data were retrieved from the reports on COVID-19 given by the respective country's health authorities and published on their various websites. In effect, a mixed effect model was derived through formulation processes for the prediction of the various COVID-19 cases across West Africa. Also, different residual analyses were conducted for the model adequacy checking and it proved that the model was adequate in the estimation of the various COVID-19 cases in the West African Sub-region. This therefore makes it the first time experimental design and analysis has successfully been used for a study of this nature on the spread of COVID-19 in West Africa.


A floating dry dock is an advanced structure that can provide a solution for dry dock space shortages. The critical point in floating dock operation is compensating the deflection caused by a heavy payload by adjusting the water level in the ballast system. An appropriate ballasting plan warrants safe and precise construction on a floating dock. Particularly, in the case of a 2D floating dock, ballasting plan evaluation is crucial due to complex deformation modes. In this paper, we developed a method to calculate the optimal ballasting plan for accurate and precise construction on a 2D floating dock. The finite element method was used for considering the flexibility of the floating dock as well as the construction blocks. Through a gradient-based optimization algorithm, the optimal ballasting plan for the given load condition was calculated in semi-real time (5 min). The present method was successfully used for the actual construction of an offshore structure on the 2D floating dock.


Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of an antiphase boundary in the half-metallic Co2Fe(Al,Si) full Heusler alloy. By employing the density functional theory calculations, we show that this defect leads to reversal of the sign of the spin-polarization in the vicinity of the defect. In addition, we show that this defect reduces the strength of the exchange interactions, without changing the ferromagnetic ordering across the boundary. Atomistic spin calculations predict that this effect reduces the width of the magnetic domain wall compared to that in the bulk.


The rapid spreading of Internet technology have a great effect on the enterprises and the organizations, but they can't adapt internet-based environment for the information technology
structure. To compensate the problems of existing systems and provide the user comfortability, the number of enterprises and the organizations which establish the web-based systems are increasing at the moment. By using this web- based system, they are able to free from the network structure, supply the real-time information, lower the cost of installation due to the decreased computing cost,
and produce or manage the contents easily without special knowledge. In this paper, we suggest the web-based system development methodology for user oriented web applications. In contrast that the existing system development methodologies which
used data relation oriented navigation, our system development methodology suggest on effective analysis method for the user requirements and mapping method which connects requirements and
navigation.


Using several network link in Internet access can insure the network connection with reliability and duration. This paper uses two policies of traffic load-balancing based multi-link to analyze the theory and mechanism of them, and compare the strongpoint and weakpoint with the experimentation result in practice.


In this research we utilize three polymers, including collagen, di block PEG-PLGA copolymer and triblock PEG-PLGA-PEG copolymer for biomimetic hydroxy apatite (HAp) preparation. Average crystallite sizes of precipitated HAp from polymer solutions were estimated from XRD patterns to be ca. 23 nm for those in collagen-HAp hybrids and 30 nm for those without polymer addition. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the organic macromolecules induced HAp with regular plate-like shape and nano-sized structure. Thermogra vimetric analyses showed 2-3 wt% polymer content in the hybrids. Solid state NMR revealed polymer inco poration in HAp crystal. The hybrids containing these biodegradable polymers can be processed to va rious morphologies for tissue engineering applications. Introduction Biomimetic syntheses of organic-inorganic hybrid draw a lot of res earch interests. Among those novel attempts, self-assembly of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in calcium and phos phate-containing solutions gains a lot of attention because organic-inorganic HAp hybrids (org-HAp) ca n be tailor-made. These hybrids are categorized as biomimetic HAp or bio-inspired HAp, since preparation methods are adopted from natural development of mammalian bones and teeth. Organic te mplates, ranging from macromolecules of various shapes, linear, branched or dendrite[1-3], to sim ple molecules like citric acid [4], affect precipitation of HAp crystals. In previous reports, HAp crystals with a c-axis-preferred orientation were obtained using collagen and chondroitin sulfate fibrils [5]. These macromolecular fibrils provide their axial space for nucleation of HAp when local c lcium and phosphate ion concentrations exceed solubility products of HAp. It may be noted that H Ap has been used as gene delivery vehicle [6]. Positively charged Ca 2+ sited on HAp surface was proposed as binding sites of phosphate linkages on DNA chains. However, other than electrostatic inte raction, research on how the van der Waal (VDW) interaction affects HAp precipitation is still in its infancy. But some literature, focused on surface energy, have coined ways to explore thi s VDW interaction [7]. The aim of this study is to investigate org-HAp formation in the presence of collagen or biodegrabale PEG-PLGA-PEG copolymer, that is a non-ionic, hydrophilic PEG-hydrophobic P LGA alternating triblock polyester, and to discuss the mechanism of org-HAp formation ba sed on structural analyses of org-HAp. Experimental Key Engineering Materials Online: 2003-12-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 254-256, pp 473-476 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.254-256.473 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:47:15) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Preparation of polymers. The three polymers used in the present study were PEG-PLGA, PEG-PLGA-PEG and collagen. The synthesis of PEG-PLGA-PEG copoly mer (molecular weight=3.9KDa) was described elsewhere [8]. In brief, a ring opening polymerization of glycolide (GA) and lactide (LA) by monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, fo llowed by a coupling reaction, was used to produce a tribolck poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(DL-lactic a id-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol). Feeding molar ratio of LA/GA was 78/ 22. Reagents used in this study were reagent grade and were used without further purification. Colla gen was extracted from porcine skin. Preparation of Hap. Ca(NO3)2 4H2O, (NH4)2HPO4 and polymers were dissolved separately in acetic acid, and then mixed in a 500mL flask resulting a solution of Ca/P molar ratio 1.67, that corresponds to the ratio of stoichiometric HAp. 10% NH 4OH was added slowly through a peristaltic pump, until pH 7.5 was reached and steady. The solutions were kept still at 37 C for 48 h. The precipitates were centrifuged at 5000 rpm, washed with distilled water and then freeze dried. The resultant powders containing different polymers were abbrevatied as col-HAp, di-HAp and tri-HAp. HAp with no polymer addition was also precipitated for comparision. Thermogravime try (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive x-rays spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and magic angle spinning solid state NMR (MAS S -NMR) were used for structural analyses of these powders. Results and Discussion Thermal stability of precipated HAp powders.TGA analyses showed 2-3% weight loss difference between org-HAp and HAp. Weight loss of the org-HAp from 150 C to 800C was 6-7%, that can be mainly attributed to thermal decomposition of the polymer, while less than 4% ocurred for HAp. It should be noted that reasonable weight loss can occur even when pure HAp is heated above 600 C. The results evidence the incorporation of biopoymers into the HAp powders, w hich is more noticeable for triblock PEG-PLGA-PEG polymer than for the other two polymers. FE-SEM morphology of precipated HAp powders. Fig. 1 presents the FE-SEM micrographs of the powders. The micrographs of org-HAp display nano-grains in a dense and r gular form. However, in the absence of polymer, irregular HAp nano-crystals, with surface feature of whiskers and irregular thin plates with average radius less than 100nm, were obtained. Col-HAp has extended thin sheets. Morphology of di-HAp resembles short sticks also less than 100nm. Tri-H Ap has extended sheets while is composed of short sticks. Ca/P ratio measured by EDX equipe d along with SEM showed Ca/P ratios to be around 1.67 for all powders. 474 Bioceramics 16


The solar energy is the most abundant form of energy available in the universe and therefore it is most alternative energy source as compared to the other conventional energy sources. Now a day due to increase in requirement of energy and rising cost of fossil type fuels (i.e., gas or oil) solar energy is considered a most attractive source foam of renewable energy that can be used for heat generation that is heating purpose at both homes and industry. Solar heat exchanger is mainly used for heating air and water or used for trapping energy from solar radiation. The solar heat exchanger is designed to meet the requirement of energy demands as per the requirement. The size of the heat exchanger depends on availability of solar radiation, heat transfer rate, temperature requirement according to used, geographical condition and arrangement of different solar system. In order to design the solar heat exchanger it is important to know different parameters on which the performance of solar heat exchanger depends. Many of the researcher used nano fluids and also work on the creation of turbulence inside the heat exchanger to increase the performance of heat exchanger. Therefore here in this paper it reviews the different types of solar heat exchanger used, different methods used to increase the performance of solar heat exchanger. The also reviewed the process parameters on which the performance of heat exchanger depends. Keywordsheat transfer, solar heat exchanger, Nano fluid, solar energy, flow behaviour


Reticuloendothelial system-blockade induced by collodial carbon in rabbits produced only a single modification of the plasma kinetics of daunorubicin-DNA complex, consisting in a significant prolongation of the distribution phase of the vector (DNA). No changes in distribution and metabolism of the cytostatic drug (DNR) were observed. Thus, a lysosomotropic mechanism does not play a major role in the disposition of DNA-complexed DNR.


The studies in GIS environment have been conducted on the example of Lori region. The investigations are based on the spatial changes of irrigation zones and agro-climatic conditions of Armenia.
During the research, irrigation water and crop water demand has been estimated in the following climate change conditions: T +2° C and 0.9 P (T - estimated air temperature, P - atmosphertic precipitations). In case of 5 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 95 % atmospheric precipitations the water intake from water source has been changed. Maximum water requirement for vegetable and cereal crops, as well as for perennial plantations per irrigation zones has been forecasted.


We have studied the deoP2 promoter in Escherichia coli to define features important for its interaction with the CytR repressor. As is characteristic for CytR‐regulated promoters, deoP2 encodes tandem binding sites for the activating complex cAMP‐CRP. One of these sites, CRP‐1, overlaps the ‐ 35 region, and is sufficient for activation; the second site, CRP‐2, centred around‐93, is indispensable for repression. Here we demonstrate, by means of in vivo titration, that CytR interaction with deoP2 depends not only on CRP‐2, but also on CRP‐1 and the length and possibly the sequence separating these two sites. Also, point mutations in either CRP site reduce or abolish CytR titration; however, no co‐operativity is observed in the interaction of CytR with the two CRP binding sites. Furthermore, the reduction in CytR titration parallels the reduction in binding of cAMP‐CRP to the mutated CRP sites in vitro. These observations are not easily explained by current models for the action of prokaryotic repressors; instead we favour a model in which the interaction of CytR with deoP2 depends on the presence of tandem DNA‐bound cAMP–CRP complexes.


This study examines the occurrence of gender stereotyped beliefs and behaviors in young children and methods of intervening against gender stereotypes. Current literature on gender stereotype interventions is reviewed and evaluated. A new model of intervention, based on a coloring book made up of gender counterstereotypic images, is proposed. Implications and limitations are discussed.


We report a deep learning method to predict high-resolution stress fields from material microstructures, using a novel class of progressive attention-based transformer diffusion models. We train the model with a small dataset of pairs of input microstructures and resulting atomic-level Von Mises stress fields obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and show excellent capacity to accurately predict results. We conduct a series of computational experiments to explore generalizability of the model and show that while the model was trained on a small dataset that featured samples of multiple cracks, the model can accurately predict distinct fracture scenarios such as single cracks, or crack-like defects with very different shapes. A comparison with MD simulations provides excellent comparison to the ground truth results in all cases. The results indicate that exciting opportunities that lie ahead in using progressive transformer diffusion models in the physical sciences, to produce high-fidelity and high-resolution field images. Graphical abstract


The shape of the futures term structure is essential to commodity hedgers and spec-ulators as futures prices serve as a forecast of future spot prices. Commodity markets quotes futures prices on a selection of maturities and delivery periods. In this note, we investigate a Bayesian technique known as Kriging to build a term structure of futures prices by embedding trends and seasonalities and by taking into account bid-ask spreads of market quotations on different delivery periods.


Agricultural land conversion must be controlled. The way to do this is by making spatial plans that accommodate the sustainability of agricultural lands to support national food security. The spatial plan must be supported by regulations both at the national and regional levels as a policy that is more operational to prevent or control conversion of agricultural land. The control strategy is through regulations that can suppress and control the rate of land use change and stakeholder views on the existence of policy regulations and legal instruments (laws and regulations), economic instruments (incentives, disincentives, compensation) and zoning (restrictions on the conversion of agricultural land functions). Each regency must determine the area of sustainable food-producing agricultural land, namely agricultural land that is protected and developed to produce staple food. Operational activities to prevent or control the conversion of agricultural land are carried out based on sustainable food agriculture land planning which includes: (1) Sustainable food agriculture areas, (2) Sustainable food agricultural land, and (3) Sustainable food agriculture land reserves.


Herbaceous layers in second-growth forests are shaped by past land use. Disturbances such as agriculture may impact populations of mycoheterotrophs, non-photosynthetic mycorrhizal plants that obtain carbon from fungal networks, by altering mycorrhizal communities or removing trees they derive carbon from. I tested the hypotheses that two mycoheterotrophic forest herbs increase in abundance during succession and become most common in older forests as plant communities reassemble through time. Distributions of Hypopitys monotropa and Monotropa uniflora, were sampled in Athens County, Ohio, USA. I surveyed populations in a 40-site post-agricultural forest chronosequence with five upland and five valley sites in each of four age classes: 40-60, 61-80, 81-100, and >130 years since canopy closure. Aspect and elevation were measured to assess environmental influence. Both H. monotropa and M. uniflora were most common in older stands with EM tree-rich canopy composition and West or South-facing aspects, indicating influence of historical, biotic, and edaphic factors. Hypopitys was exclusive to forests > 80 years old, while M. uniflora was present in younger stands. Abundance of both species was also significantly predicted by Fagaceae basal area. Because EM trees were also most abundant in South-and West-facing uplands, environmental influence appears to be mediated through canopy composition.


We report a selective acetylation of compounds 2 in 1-, 4- or 1,4-position. The treatment of 2 with acetic anhydride gave the compounds 3 and with acetyl chloride the compounds 4. The 1-acetyl derivatives were obtained starting from 5 via the oxime derivatives 6, 7 and 8. Tests on phytoiatric antimycotic activity and on reactivation of phosphylated acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase were performed.


This paper aims for providing solution to design and execute the system for saving energy of street lights and controlling the collisions occurring on roads. Currently we have a manual system where the street lights will be switched ON in the evening before the sunsets and they are switched OFF in the next day morning after there is sufficient light outside and currently there is no such system in India that helps in monitoring or detecting collisions occurred on roads. This we can implement by sensing a vehicle using an Ultrasonic sensor/IR sensor and using some heat & sound sensors for sensing the collision if it occurs. On sensing the movement of a vehicle, the sensor transmits the data to the Raspberry Pi, which will switch ON the next three consecutive street lights in order to give the driver a visible track to drive in dark. Similarly, the Light gets switched OFF according to a timer that gets triggered as soon as the vehicle or an obstacle goes away from the sensor


In the present study, thermal decomposition kinetics of chitosan was investigated by a thermal analyzer. Firstly, the experiments were performed at three different heating rates from 30 ° C to 800°C under inert atmosphere. The results showed that heating rates significantly affected the maximum peak temperatures but it did not affect the conversion. When the heating rates increased, the maximum peak temperatures shifted towards the higher temperature region. In the second part, TG kinetic data was used to calculate the activation energies based on Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Starink and Tang kinetic models. All models used provided accurate fits of experimental data and yielded acceptable errors. The values of the average activation energy for FWO, KAS, Starink and Tang models were determined to be 148.5, 146.4, 148.3 and 146.7 kJ/mol, respectively.


Integration of computers in teaching-learning has been a positive development in the field of education. However, there is a dire need of knowing the use of computers in teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to study the attitude of pre-service teachers related to the use of computers in instructional practices of Mathematics. The current study aims to explore the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards the use of computer in teaching Mathematics. A quantitative approach was used within it descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The sample of present the study consists of (n=111) pre-service teachers of teacher training colleges. The reliability of the study was found as Cronbach α=.778. The results revealed that the pre-service teachers have an encouraging attitude towards the usage of computer in Mathematics. Overall, attitudes of pre-service teachers were supporting the idea of technological integration in Mathematic.


Objective: Assessment and identification of some factors affecting the outcome of treatment of children withPectus carinatum by orthotic bracing (Non - Invasive Intervention).Subjectives: 86 children with Pectus carinatum end of treatment and re-examination at the RehabilitationDepartment of Viet Nam National Children's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2017.Methods: The intervention study no control group.Result: 100% of children improved on deformity. The Haller Index increased from 1.81 before interventionto 2.23 after 36 months of intervention (p <0.001). Some factors related to progression: The Haller Index beforetreatment (B = 0.383, p <0.001). Time of day Wearing the brace (B = 0.017; p <0.001).


The related species of the family Poaceae (Triticeae) are the source of unprecedented new genes that allow the extension of genetic variation of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. These species have similar homoeologous chromosomes and rDNA sequences very similar to T. aestivum L. [1-3]. This allows the introgression of alien genes and their incorporation into the genomes A, B and D of wheat, where they can function permanently in the wheat genetic systems. Many of them have already been transferred to the varieties of T. aestivum L. [4]. The experimental material consisted of 28 lines of winter wheat obtained using the interspecific and intergeneric hybridization of T. aestivum L. with alien species T. durum Desf., T. timopheevii Zhuk., Lolium perenne L. and Aegilops speltoides Taush. Among them, 15 lines were developed from the cross-combination with tetraploid species (AABB) T. durum Desf., 4 lines from the combination with other tetraploid species of different genome composition (AAGG) T. timopheevii Zhuk., 4 lines from cross with L. perenne L. and 5 lines were the double hybrids (three-generic) derived with two related species, T. durum Desf. (AABB) and Ae. speltoides Taush (BB). The anther culture method was used for obtaining DH lines from these interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. In in vitro culture 124 green plants were regenerated. The method of cluster analysis grouped hybrids in terms of comprehensive general similarity of the studied traits. 1. Frederiksen et al. (1992) Hereditas 116, 15-19. 2. Sasanuma et al. (2008) Euphytica 127, 81-93. 3. Zhang et al. (2008) Plant Biol 10, 635-642. 4. Pilch et al. (2011) Biuletyn IHAR, 262: 3-24.


Semiconductor nanostructures (NSs) are usually synthesized at short source-substrate distances where the substrate temperature is high using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Herein, we report for the first time the growth of -Ga2O3 NSs at low substrate temperature ~260 °C in a CVD system when gallium (III) oxide powder was reduced to Ga vapor at 1000 °C under hydrogen atmosphere. The polycrystalline nature of the Ga2O3 NSs was confirmed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) analysis. Appearance of additional diffraction planes, increasing X-ray diffraction signal strength and shift of 2θ to smaller angles was observed with increasing hydrogen supply in the reactor. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealed different morphologies with increasing amount of Ga2O3 on the substrate. Elemental analysis by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed increasing Ga atoms, and Ga/O atomic ratio with increase in hydrogen gas flow rate. Optical reflectance measurements by UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometer revealed optical bandgaps ranging from 4.94 to 4.82 eV, attributed to increasing film compactness, Ga/O and oxygen vacancies on the prepared films.


Abstract The vegetation and soils of North Island, in the north-east group of muttonbird islands in Foveaux Strait, are described. The flora consists of 10 ferns, 6 monocotyledons, 35 dicotyledons, and 8 adventives (59 species). The main community types are coastal ledge and rock communities, cliff communities of herbaceous plants, coastal shrubland of Hebe elliptica, Olearia angustifolia, and Senecio reinoldii encircling the island and giving way to Myrsine chaihamica low forest on the plateau and with Myrsine australis low forest in the centre of the island. Scattered over the island are patches of Muehlenbeckia australis and Histiopteris incisa The island is capped with a loess deposit some metres deep which appears to have been largely derived from Foveaux Strait during episodes of low sea level during the Pleistocene. The soils contain many seal gastroliths and have also been strongly influenced by the large colonies of petrels. Chemical analysis of one soil profile under Myrsine australis low forest...


A brief description on the speakers' presentations and the participants' comments on the occasion of the Australian Disaster Conference is presented, along with a sketch of the position of Australian emergency management. The response of 700 delegates, presentation from 150 speakers and a very good feedback, resulted in the success of the conference.


'Zu Bang Moon', a book of cooking, was written in Korean in the 17th century by Mr. Hwa. Various cooking methods of traditional foods were described in this book. The kinds of cookingfoods were Wine 28, Guksu (noodle) 3, Side dish 23, Seasoning 10, and Dessert 10. The materials used in the cooking foods were cereals, vegetables, fishes, meats, etc. 9 kind of Seasonings used in cooking foods such as salt, and herbs such as black pepper. The cooking methods were different and complicated. The way of heating were also different such as to stew, to boil, to steam, to pan-boil, to frying, etc. Utensils and table wares used for processing and cooking were poor and specific. The measuring units were not accurate and unscientific. Many of special words and expressions which are not used today in cooking and processing were, reviewed.


We present preliminary data from high-cadence 15-GHz VLBA images of OJ 287 from 1995 to 2015. The ridgelines suggest that the jet is rotating, perhaps with a period of ∼30 years. The EVPA of the core rotated by 240◦ in 2001–2002 and decreased slowly after that. The inner jet apparently moved to a new direction after the rotation, as shown by the emergence of a new component at a new PA at 43 GHz, in 2004. This was presaged by a strong rise in the flux density of the core, and then its sudden fall as the new component was identified. The equivalent sequence of events took place about 5 years later at 15 GHz, but in addition the core EVPA had a step in 2006 and moved to be aligned with the new 43-GHz component. The 15-GHz core became optically thin in 2006, but the angular resolution was insufficient to separate the new component from the core until 2010.


It discussed that many indexes of PET chip such as melting point, viscosity, and gelatin particle etc affected the fiber quality and spinnability of FDY.


In the background of "2011 Plan",the problems about transformation of university science and technology have become more prominent. Researches at home and abroad have been carried out on the elements,characters,and mode of the transformation. Many achievements have been obtained. This paper puts forward some new ideas about the transformation of university science and technology,and hopes to make some contribution to the transformation work.


High-density, small spot size, and high power consumption have imposed both a technical and an economic challenge on optoelectronic (OE) packaging. Device non-uniformity and dynamic operating environments cause device performance variations, especially in applications where large OE arrays are employed. We describe our work to explore the opportunities in transceiver circuit design to relax optical alignment requirements, provide efficient thermal management, and allow dynamic variation within the optical system. Our approach focuses on a built-in power negotiation algorithm, which is developed to dynamically optimize the power consumption of optical links based on the bit error rate (BER) of each optical link. This algorithm can be executed as the system is powered up or during normal system operation if the link is idle or a change has been made. It converges to an optimal setting for each vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) that has the minimum power consumption for a given target BER. The intelligence of the dynamic power optimization provides the system with the capability of compensating for the potential variations in the system and therefore, relaxing the packaging requirements. We implement this algorithm in a 0.5μm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chipset and develop parallel optical transceivers based on VCSELs and photodetectors to demonstrate the benefit of our approach. We build a field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) based test bed where both fiber optic and free-space optical interconnects are used for communications between two chips. Test results show that the algorithm is able to find the optimum power setting for all VCSELs despite varied light attenuation in optical path.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


mental management. Since sustainable development rests not only on environmental management, but also on establishing alternative patterns of socioeconomic and political organization, it is becoming an increasingly significant facet of socioeconomic development and resource management throughout the continent. Furthermore, an examination of the various roles of international organizations, states and other actors in facilitating institution building within this framework would have given this book the important theoretical foundation that it lacks. Although the book is organized in a somewhat haphazard fashion in which topics of environmental degradation, management and geography/demography are interdispersed, it remains a useful contribution to the topic of the environment and development. It provides a good overview of Africa's environmental dilemma. As such, it serves not only as an important text for undergraduate and graduate students, but also as a basic guide for social scientists who will increasingly need to understand and integrate ecological principles into their research.


Our understanding of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) disorders, a group of clonal haematological malignancies characterized by excessive accumulation of one or more myeloid cell lineages, has grown considerably over the past four decades. Even more importantly is the speed at which many of these findings were translated to accord survival benefits to our patients with MPN, in particular chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). This text offers a detailed evidence-based guide to MPN in an easily accessible format, structure to facilitate learning specialist information presenting core information in 'bite size' chunks. Each chapter summarizes the state-of-the art preclinical and clinical knowledge, and its impact on the clinical management of patients with MPN.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fabricated by adopting plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with a planar microwave plasma source. Plasma is produced by a slot antenna at 2.45-GHz microwave injection in CH4/H2 mixture. In this study, it is shown that avoiding the exposure of the substrate to the plasma drastically improves the CNT growth. Furthermore, it is found that the CNT quality can be controlled with the optimization of one of the steps in the catalyst treatment, such as the preheating procedure; the treated catalyst is considered to be unaffected by the heating in the high-density microwave plasma treatment during the CNT growth.


A high performance embedded DRAM cell has been developed in 90nm tcchnology using a pass transistor with standard 2.2nm gate oxide and trench capacitor. This device offers 25% on-current improvement with 1.5V wordline boosted voltage, and reduces the cell size by 10%. Measured data retention of >200p is ideal for 200+MHz random access cycle embedded DRAM macro with a concurrent refresh mode. The scalability of the cell to 0.1 lpm' in 65nm node is also demonstrated.


Background and Purpose: Natural resource systems that are commercially exploitable, such as forests, are valued by using many different factors. Policy makers and other decision makers must choose between scenarios in which there can be clear market values with easy to document influences on economy or scenarios in which the value is placed on difficult to document factors, such as the importance of natural systems, forest services without market values, and the benefits to human wellbeing. Several methods are described in this paper for documenting the non-market values that forest goods and services provide. We discuss different methods and assessment tools that provide different types of information, quantitative and qualitative, with respective strengths and weaknesses from varied scientific and decision-support perspective. In an attempt to provide scientists with different views and ideas, as well as planners and managers with a general appreciation of methods and their application, we have included selected examples that influence policy and/or management practices. MaterialandMethods: Most of the material has been developed based on a number of basic text books describing evaluation methods from the perspective of development and grounded in economical theory with a wide range of application. The second part has been developed from a list of references dealing with application in European countries and enriched with details and examples from documents based on seventeen country reports. The structure of those country reports was predefined, discussed, harmonized and completed by a group of scientists and professionals involved in COST action E-33, »Forest for recreation and tourism.« Evaluation methods related to forest goods and services were described from theoretical and practical viewpoints with emphasis on their applicability to a specific type of research.


Many studies have confirmed that customers differ in their value to a firm. Within the financial services industry, the benefits of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and more specifically the economic value of maintaining the current customer base have been demonstrated. Moreover, general agreement exists that identifying churn-prone customers plays a pivotal role for companies. However, within the current customer attention 'hype', one tends to overlook the salespersons' influence and the nature of different financial products when investigating customer retention. In this research, we study the defection of the savings and investment (SI) customer. We use survival analysis and binary classification models to gain insight into the longitudinal chum behavior and its antecedents of a large European financial service provider. We created different SI chum behavior categories by introducing two dimensions: (i) duration of the products (fixed term versus infinity) and (ii) capital/revenue risks involved. Secondly, we have tested for the impact of some typical salesperson influencers (e.g. selling tendency with respect to specific product categories). The results of our study indicate that customer retention cannot be understood by solely relying on customer characteristics. In sum, it is true that "not all customers are created equal", but neither are all products nor all intermediaries.


The proliferation of mutual fund strategies is a longstanding puzzle in the asset management literature. To gain new insight into this topic, we introduce a method for categorizing funds based on the strategy descriptions in their prospectuses. The resulting Strategy Peer Groups (SPGs), constructed using unsupervised machine learning, capture novel information about the funds and are more detailed than existing style categories. Where the prior literature finds that more unique funds experience greater flows, we find instead that investors prefer funds whose portfolio weights and characteristics are closer to the SPG averages. Investors also favor funds with high SPG-adjusted returns, while different investor clienteles—represented by retail, institutional, and retirement share classes—differ in their allocations across peer groups. Our results are consistent with a mutual fund industry that caters to distinct investor clienteles with heterogeneous marginal rates of substitution, rather than investors with a general preference for variety.


To handle them holistically, this paper begins by proposing an online RC damper in parallel using the passive filter capacitor. Active damping and harmonic compensation is a couple of common challenges faced by LCL-filtered current source converters. The virtual damper is positively placed by feeding back the passive capacitor current via a high-pass filter, which not directly, furnishes two superior features. This will attract with high-performance applications, but has presently not been achieved by existing schemes. Performance from the suggested plan continues to be tested within the laboratory with results acquired for demonstrating stability and harmonic compensation. Those are the minimization of phase lag felt by a standard damper and also the avoidance of instability brought on by the negative resistance placed unintentionally. Furthermore, using the virtual RC damper, the regularity region, within that the harmonic compensation works well, could be extended past the gain crossover frequency.


The tourist web is not only a platform for e-commerce, but also the best medium for disseminating tourist culture. Theme words of tourism places' image is a good form to express tourist culture by the internet. Nowadays, the use of theme words of tourist places' image displays three main characters and there are both highlights and shortcomings in its form and content. In order to write well theme words of tourism places' image, three aspects should be carefully considered: doing the theme-analyzing well; analyzing the theme concept and understanding the principle of choosing accurately and comprehensively.


Through the adjustment and control of the process operation and technology conditions to sintering,leaching and hydrolysis in the process of the industrial beryllium oxide production,output qualified industrial beryllium oxide,and get the purpose enhanceing the quality of beryllium oxide and the rate of recovery.


Historically, people of African descent have increased instances of early onset kidney disease which can be correlated with genetic variants at the Apolipoprotein L‐1 (APOL1) gene locus. APOL1 is a component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) that serves as a serum trypanolytic factor to protect against T. brucei, which causes African sleeping sickness. Genetic variants in APOL1 elicit some resistance to T. brucei, and have been linked to increased risk of early‐onset end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). A translational animal model is key to understanding the pathogenesis of APOL1‐mediated ESRD. The African Green Monkey (AGM) develops spontaneous hypertension with renal glomerular pathologies. AGMs exhibit a genetic insert at the APOL1 locus homologous to that in the human genome that is associated with HTN in homozygous AGMs. APOL1‐mediated ESRD typically develops in response to a second hit stressor such as HTN. We hypothesized that hypertensive (HT) AGMs with at least one copy of the APOL1‐like insertion (I) will have altered kidney function compared to HT AGMs without the insertion (NI). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and heart rates were measured with forearm plethysmography. AGMs with SBP ≤ 120 were normotensive (NT) and SBP ≥ 140 were HT. Daily urine output and water intake was collected from single‐housed AGMs for three consecutive days. During urine collections, all animals were fed a standard, nonhuman primate chow with ad libitum water. Urinary protein and plasma creatinine were measured using standard colorimetric techniques. SBP was not different between HT NI AGMs (163 ± 3.8 mm Hg, n = 12) and HT I AGMs (158 ± 7.3mm Hg, n = 7, p > 0.05) nor was SBP different between NT NI AGMs (94.3 ± 4.0 mm Hg, n = 17) and NT I AGMs (103 ± 6.3 mm Hg, n = 6, p > 0.05). Body weight was used to approximate age and was not different between NI and I AGMs (p > 0.05). Protein excretion was higher for HT NI AGMs (416.3 ± 44.8 mg/day, n = 10) than for HT I AGMS (289.2 ± 33.0 mg/day, n = 6, p < 0.05) and higher for NT NI AGMs (450.7 ± 43.3 mg/day, n = 15) than for NT I AGMs (227.0 ± 83.6 mg/day, n = 4, p < 0.05). Plasma creatinine concentration was not different between NT NI and NT I AGMs (p > 0.05) as well as HT NI and HT I AGMs (p > 0.05). Plasma creatinine concentration and protein excretion rates were not different between HT and NT NI AGMs (p > 0.05) nor were they different between HT and NT I AGMs (p > 0.05). Thus, at this age, differences in plasma creatinine concentration and protein excretion were likely due to insertion status and not BP phenotype. These results indicate that in the AGM a single copy of the APOL1‐like insertion may not be sufficient to cause progression to ESRD. In humans, the high‐risk genotypes for APOL1‐mediated ESRD have two copies of the variant, therefore future studies should aim to assess more homozygous animals. The AGM as a model organism will allow investigation of links between HTN and APOL1‐like genetic variants that could result in novel treatments and targets for patients with APOL1‐mediated renal dysfunction.


Many important determinants of traffic fatalities have been identified using the widely popular fixed-effects (FE) estimator for panel data. However, the FE estimator precludes an analysis of time-invariant or rarely changing variables, thereby obscuring their relative impact on traffic fatalities. This study estimates the effect of time-invariant and rarely changing variables (climate, geography, laws, etc.) on the U.S. state traffic fatality rate using alternative econometric methods in addition to the FE estimator. We find that alcohol consumption, air temperature, and precipitation have the largest effect on traffic fatalities. Our findings suggest that policy makers and the insurance industry practitioners may want to re-evaluate the role of climate in road safety.


We present a method for tracking and identifying moving persons from video images taken by a fixed field-ofview camera. Specifically, we have developed a system to first track moving persons in a given scene and generate color-based models of those persons to accomplish identification. The tracking is non-invasive meaning that it does not require persons to wear any particular electronics or clothing to be able to track them. Tracking is accomplished using a position-based data association algorithm while the color modeling is accomplished using a mixture-ofGaussians statistical model. The expectation-maximization algorithm is used to generate the color models over a sequence of frames of data in order to make the entire process near-realtime. Once a color model is developed for a given person, that model will be placed in a database where it will be used for future identification. Any similar identification scheme can be used in place of color modeling for greater accuracy.


Multiwavelength polerimetric lidar is valuable for envriorment and vegetable remote sensing,surveying and mapping etc.The design of receivor is of important significance for workpiece ratio,cube reduction,and also could reduce weight and cost of the system.The optical receivor of multiwavelength polerimetric lidar is designed in both 1064nm and 532nm with ZEMAX.A best result is presented by analysing the spot diagram.The optical design could obtain optimal image,yet a good reference for realtic application.


This report discusses the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV), which is an Army-led, multi-service initiative to develop a family of light tactical vehicles as a successor to the High Mobility, Multi-Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWVs). It includes background information; a description of the JLTV program, program history, and program activities; information about the JLTV contract, Lockheed Martin's protest to the program, budgetary issues, and potential issues for Congress.


In present paper, we deal with the behavior of a solution beyond the occurrence of wave breaking for a modified periodic Coupled Camassa-Holm system. By introducing a new set of independent and dependent variables, which resolve all singularities due to possible wave breaking, this evolution system is rewritten as a closed semilinear system. The local existence of the semilinear system is obtained as fixed points of a contractive transformation. Moreover, this formulation allows us to continue the solution after wave breaking, and gives a global conservative solution where the energy is conserved for almost all times. Returning to the original variables. We finally obtain a semigroup of global conservative solutions, which depend continuously on the initial data. Additionally, our results repair some gaps in the pervious work.


When learners explain to themselves as they encounter new information, they recruit a suite of processes that influence subsequent learning. One documented consequence is that learners are more likely to discover exceptionless rules that underlie what they are trying to explain. Here we investigate what it is about exceptionless rules that satisfies the demands of explanation. Are exceptions unwelcome because they lower predictive accuracy, or because they challenge some other explanatory ideal, such as simplicity and breadth? To compare these alternatives, we introduce a causally rich property explanation task in which exceptions to a general rule are either arbitrary or predictable (i.e., exceptions share a common feature that supports a "rule plus exception" structure). If predictive accuracy is sufficient to satisfy the demands of explanation, the introduction of a rule plus exception that supports perfect prediction should block the discovery of a more subtle but exceptionless rule. Across two experiments, we find that effects of explanation go beyond attaining perfect prediction.


Songs were recorded from a local population of 13 male wrens at Wraysbury Lakes, Berkshire, U.K. during 1991. Sonagraphic analysis revealed that there were 15 distinct song types in the population, and that each male had between three and six song types in his repertoire. Song sharing between neighbouring males was particularly high. Six of the males in the population were on the east bank of the lake, separated from the other seven on the west bank by 200 metres of open water. Although three song types were distributed over the whole area, six were unique to the east bank and six to the west. Any male could be classified as an east or west bank male, by the possession of several distinct song types unique to each 'dialect' area. So far, clear examples of dialects have been largely restricted to species with only one or two song types in their repertoires. Song sharing and the development of local dialects in the wren are discussed in relation to current views on mechanisms of social learning in songbirds.


A fine mold comprises a regeneration target film forming a convex part of a formation surface, and a light shielding unit that is configured deeper than a bottom of the formation surface and that regenerates the regeneration target film. A manufacturing cost of a product having a three-dimensional structure can be reduced.


If a system is consisted of a large number of charged particles, any one of the system's particles would couple with its neighbors by dissimilar strengths. Therefore, the system's particles would produce dissimilar potentials, which satisfy the probability distribution. To make the potential induced by wave number k an exact differential, we introduced the function λ. In this way, we defined the potential function Φ and entropy function S of the system.


It cannot be the case that the U.S. Congress has unfettered authority to preempt state taxes pursuant to the U.S. Constitution's Commerce Clause because the federal Government and the state Governments are separate sovereigns under the Constitution and the power to tax is a fundamental aspect of Governmental sovereignty. Further, such unlimited authority is inconsistent with the purpose and meaning of the Commerce Clause, as it has been construed by the U.S. Supreme Court starting with its earliest cases, up through its more recent federalism cases. Yet, such preemptions have become more frequent in recent years and the volume of federal bills proposing such preemptions have recently multiplied, fostered by the fact that there are no established judicial limitations that apply to such preemptive actions. The U.S. Supreme Court has in recent years emphasized our nation's dual sovereignty structure and the Framers' intentions as embodied in the Constitution in crafting rules to protect the states from federal overreaching in various contexts under the Constitution, including with respect to the Commerce Clause. This paper evaluates Congress' ability to preempt state taxation by evaluating the Commerce Clause as it applies to such proposed preemptive acts, and suggests the limits that should apply thereto.


This chapter describes situation in the development of
unemployment protection and social assistance benefits in the
Czech Republic from 1990 to now. Chapter is a part of book
(Clasen and Clegg, eds.) focused on comparison of development
in financial support of unemployed and economically inactive
people in selected European countries from 1980s to now.


Three perfectly synchronized species of periodical cicadas have been coexisting in undisturbed forests of the eastern United States for hundreds of years. Each species has partitioned a part of the forest dominated by different tree species; hence they overlap very little in host usage. Magicicada septendecimn is an upland species, M. cassini is a floodplain species, and M. septendecula lives on the upland forest edge, especially in hickories (Dybas and Lloyd 1974). However, such host preferences are obscured in man-modified habitats such as roadsides, second-growth fields, and orchards. Probably because of the rapid growth of plants in cut-over habitats, all three species of periodical cicadas are attracted to them (Lloyd and White 1976a, 1976b). In such habitats the ecological isolation of cicada species breaks down, and they are thrown back into competition. One can easily find the three species ovipositing in the same scrubby vegetation at the same time. The present study was centered on such a situation, a roadside in east central Illinois in 1972. My purpose is to answer the following questions: (1) How much of each host was used by ovipositing cicadas? (2) How much overlap was there?, and (3) Is there any evidence that resources were in short supply? In the discussion, I raise a fourth question: (4) Assuming that host preferences are constants unaffected by the intensity of interspecies crowding, how can overlap measures be used to determine whether or not the competitive system is a stable one, i.e., whether we can expect one or two of the species to be locally eliminated in the future? Following MacArthur (1972), I use the measures of ecological overlap (a's) to set limits on the ratio of single-species carrying capacities (K's) that are compatible with a stable system. I then appeal to existing census data for singlespecies populations of M. septendecim and M. cassini elsewhere in Illinois as crude estimates of carrying capacities. Combining these, I , xamine the question of whether M. septendecim and M. cassini are, in fact, K-incompatible in a twospecies system. I discuss the pitfalls of using "upstate K's and downstate a's" (to borrow an expression from an anonymous reviewer), and other assumptions that are implicit in this approach.


Ferrule (10) comprising a first closure member (12) and a second closure member (14), BOTH OF METAL ELASTICO, and a clamping member (16) HOLDING THE MEMBERS OF FIRST CLOSURE AND SECOND IN overlying relationship. THE FIRST MEMBER OF CLOSURE (12) has a arm (12A) projecting from the clamping member (16), the arm portion elastically BE ADAPTED TO A CLOSE O BOARD WITH A FIRST BODY. CLOSING THE SECOND MEMBER (14) has an arm portion projecting from the clamping member (16), ARM PART ADAPTED FOR FORMING A CLOSURE elastically a second body. It IS PROVIDED A TOPE (16E) LIMITING THE COMPRESSION.


The present invention is corn syrup and / or to a method of manufacturing a concrete admixture for using a liquid sugar, and more particularly, to a raw material preparation step of preparing a corn syrup, liquid sugar, or a mixture thereof; Mixture prepared by mixing poly-carboxylate, and sodium glutamate in a prepared corn syrup, liquid sugar, or a mixture thereof in the raw material preparation step; And the additive comprises a mixing step of mixing an additive with the mixture prepared in the preparation step the mixture. Concrete admixture for being prepared by the above process is, and the production costs low because it was prepared by mixing corn syrup and liquid sugar, poly-carboxylate-based admixture concrete showing the compressive strength and freeze-thaw property equivalent to the manufacture of concrete using It provides.


This research aimed to analyze the change in chemical composition of the betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) strands after alkali immersion treatment under various immersion times. The bamboo culms were converted into strands with the target length, width, and thickness of 70, 25, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Strands were alkali immersion-treated with 1% NaOH solution for 1, 2, and 3 h. Preparation of powder for chemical component analysis refers to the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standard T 264 cm-07 regarding the preparation of wood test samples for chemical analysis. Structural and non-structural bamboo strand chemical components such as holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, klason lignin, and extractives were analyzed. The results showed that alkali immersion treatment decreased the hemicellulose content from 21.55% before treatment to 20.30% after 3 h immersion. Thus, it changed the holocellulose and alpha-cellulose composition. Alkali immersion treatment also changed the extractive substances dissolved in cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH, and ethanol-benzene solution. The decrease in hemicellulose, molecular weight lignin, and extractive substances would be beneficial for bamboo-oriented strand board manufacture to improve strand adhesion, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and durability against biological agents attack.
Keywords: alkali immersion times, alkali immersion treatment, bamboo, chemical components, pre-treatment


The concept of a traveling-wave photodector based on the integration of semiconductor substrate with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) slabs is proposed for the first time. The photoconductivity effect in semiconducting substrate and the kinetic inductive photoresponse in HTS slabs has been used to obtain a sensitive and broadband optical detection with a large responsivity over a very wide range of electrical frequency spectrum. The analysis of optical wave propagation down the photodetector waveguide is presented in detail by introducing a transcendental equation for optical propagation constant. The photomixing technique is used to excite the photodetector waveguide and the output photo-induced electrical signal is analyzed by means of transmission line theory in frequency domain. The presented analytical and numerical studies of such a photodetector waveguide reveals many interesting device characteristics including high responsivity for high beat electrical frequencies and the possibility of high-power mm-wave signal generation in such a structure.


The video moment retrieval task aims to fetch a target moment in an untrimmed video, which best matches the semantics of a sentence query. Existing methods mainly focus on utilizing two separate modules: one learns intra-modal relations to understand video and query contents, and the other explores inter-modal interactions to build a semantic bridge between video and language. However, intra-modal relations information can be easily overlooked when capturing inter-modal interactions. In fact, intra-modal relations and inter-modal interactions can be learned simultaneously within a unified module to make video and sentence guide each other. Towards this end, we propose a Cross-Modal Interaction Network (CMIN) for video moment retrieval by jointly exploring the intra-modal relations and inter-modal interactions between video frames and query words. In CMIN, a query-guided channel attention module is designed to suppress query-irrelevant visual features and enhance crucial contents; then a cross-attention module simultaneously considers intra-modal relations within each modality and fine-grained inter-modal interactions between frames and words, to enhance the semantic relevance between video and sentence query. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the experiments on two public datasets (Charades-STA and TACoS) demonstrate the superiority of our method.


Sheet user sensing system has a plurality of variable resistive force sensor 20 located between the bottom of the seat support member 16 and the rigidity of the vehicle. Power delivered to the vehicle floor from the seat support members of the rigid passes through the variable resistor force sensor, a variable resistor force sensor generates a display signal of the transmission to sense the magnitude of the transmission power strength, resistance force sensor is interposed between the support weight of the seat pan member from the at least one variable via a resistance force sensor sheet support member rigid seat support member and the seat pan member 18, the rigidity of the to be delivered to that by a seat pan member, the at least one variable resistor force sensor detects the amount of weight delivered. Device such as a microprocessor to process a signal from a variable resistor force sensor, and determines the weight of a seat pan having a rigid member. The signal processing device may control the activation and operation of the safety device, such as a as a function of the presence and weight of the seat user, the air bag or seat belt pulling means.


a Anti-perovskite solid electrolyte films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition, and their room-temperature ionic conductivity can be improved by more than an order of magnitude in comparison with its bulk counterpart. The cyclability of Li 3 OCl films in contact with lithium was evaluated using a Li/Li 3 OCl/Li symmetric cell, showing self-stabilization during cycling test. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have found wide applications in technologically important areas because of their high energy density, power capacity, charge–discharge rate, and long cycling lifetime. 1–5 However, the liquid electrolytes currently used in LIBs are composed of lithium salts dissolved in solvents and they are often toxic, corrosive, and flammable. These safety issues have to be considered in practical applications. 6,7 Replacing liquid electro-lytes with solid electrolytes can avoid those shortcomings and can be integrated with a metallic lithium anode, allowing all-solid-state LIBs with potentially high energy and power densities. Nevertheless , solid electrolytes have not been extensively used in lithium batteries because their ionic conductivities are still too low to meet the requirements for efficient electric-energy storage. 8–10 In addition, high interfacial resistance between the solid electrolyte and electrode is yet another challenge for solid-state LIBs. Different lithium-ion-conducting materials such as Li 3 PS 4 and Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 have been explored as solid electrolytes, 11–13 but their ionic conductivities are still a few orders of magnitude lower than those of the liquid electrolytes. Achieving a high ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes is a formidable task in the development of solid-state LIBs. Recently, lithium-rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP), Li 3 OX (X = Cl, Br, etc.), has been reported as 3D-conducting solid Li-ion electrolytes potentially for high performance solid batteries. 14 This class of materials can accommodate a large number of mobile Li ions in the crystal lattice and has a low energy barrier for ionic transport. By cation or anion doping, LiRAP can reach an ionic conductivity of 10 À3 S cm À1 at room temperature and even higher values at elevated temperatures. For example, the ionic conductivity of Li 3 OCl has been measured to be 0.85 Â 10 À3 S cm À1 at room temperature and 4.82 Â 10 À3 S cm À1 at 250 1C. 14 Besides high ionic conductivity and low activation energy for Li transport, LiRAP has some other advantages including (1) low electronic conductivity with minimum self-discharge for long shelf life …


ABSTRACT Latin America is part of any description of the "Third World" and active in the Group of 77 that represents developing countries at the United Nations, but no Latin America country was present at the Bandung meeting that started it all 60 years ago. The author analyses why the incipient Afro-Asian bloc did not feel identified with Latin America then and how the region gradually transformed the formal independence proclaimed two centuries ago into really independent politics and an aspiration to economic self-determination over the last two decades. Further convergence with Asia and Africa would help consolidate current progressive trends.


To develop practical flowering-acceleration techniques for summer-to-autumn flowering small-flowered spray type chrysanthemums harvested in August, the effects of gibberellic acid (GA) application after the flower budding stage on the flowering and cut flower quality were investigated. In experiment 1, GA application (50 or 100 ppm, 2 or 3 times) for 'Sansui' was started at the terminal flower budding stage. In almost all GA applications, flowering of the second lateral flower accelerated, and the flower cluster and pedicel lengths increased. In experiment 2, GA application (100 or 200 ppm) for 'Sansui' and 'Kurenai' was started at the flower budding, 10 days after budding, and bud break stages. Flowering accelerated in almost all GA applications. Flower cluster and pedicel lengths increased with GA application at the flower budding and 10 days after budding stages but were not affected at the bud break stage. In experiment 3, GA application (100 or 200 ppm) was started when the terminal flower bud diameter was 3.5 (flower budding), 6, and 8.5 (bud break) mm, respectively. Flowering accelerated in all GA applications. Flower cluster and pedicel lengths increased in GA application at 3.5 and 6 mm diameters, but were not affected at 8.5 mm. Therefore, GA application (100–200 ppm, twice) after the bud break stage accelerates flowering without reducing the cut flower quality.


Background : When exposed to fermentable carbohydrates over time, the balance of activity and composition of the biofilm bacteria shifts, resulting in dental caries. The goal of this study was to see how pit and fissure sealant and flowable composite compared. Materials and Procedures : A total of 100 individuals between the ages of 18 and 24 were involved in the study. The teeth were split into two groups, each with 50 teeth. Teeth were repaired using pit and fissure sealant in group I (50), and flowable resin composite in group II (50). There were three levels of retention: completely retained (FR), partially lost (PL), and entirely lost (TL). There was no sign of materials on the surface. The Simonsen criteria were used to assess caries lesions. At baseline and at 6,12 months, each restoration was assessed separately for retention and the occurrence of caries. Results: At six month, totally restored were 50 in group I, partially lost were 0, total lost was 0. In group II, totally restored was 50, partially restored was 0, and total lost was 0.and total lost were 0 in group II. In group I at 12 months. Fully restored were 30, partially lost were 15 and total lost was 5., while group II had a score of 0 in partial and total lost and all completely retained The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion : In terms of retention and caries development, flowable composites outperformed pit and


There are no primes $p$ with $5<p<10^{9}$ for which $2!, 3!, \ldots, (p-1)!$ are all distinct modulo $p$; it is conjectured that there are no such primes.


In this paper, the effect of beach nourishment on wave overtopping in shallow foreshores is investigated with the nonhydrostatic wave-flow model SWASH. Firstly, the applicability of SWASH to model wave overtopping is tested by comparing results with a physical model setup with different storm wall heights on top of an impermeable sea dike. The numerical results show good agreement with the physical model. After validation, sensitivity analysis of the effect of beach nourishment on wave overtopping is conducted by changing bottom configurations with the SWASH model. From the sensitivity analysis, it becomes clear that wave overtopping discharge in shallow foreshores is characterized by the bores generated in surf zone due to wave breaking. To reduce wave overtopping discharge in shallow foreshore, it is important to reduce the horizontal momentum of the bores.


This paper offers a historical overview of the evolution of laws, policies and instruments for the legal protection of bibliographic heritage in Brazil from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. The literature review of cultural heritage and current legislation reveal that the notion of bibliographic heritage is associated with the practice of legal deposit of current books and control of circulation of rare and antique books. The research presents the key instruments of Brazilian cultural laws, analyzing how these could be used to protect bibliographical heritage.


This paper presents a compensation and calibration technique for lumped-element Lange hybrid couplers. The target of the compensation is the reduction of the quadrature error introduced by lossy reactive components. An approximated, but reasonably accurate, analysis links the finite quality factor of the passive components to the quadrature error. A simple compensation technique, that corrects for the quadrature error, is proposed along with a calibration procedure. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a lumped-element Lange hybrid coupler working at an intermediate frequency of 3GHz is embedded in a fully integrated image-reject up/down-converter implemented in a 28nm bulk CMOS technology. Measurements show that the proposed technique yields an increase of the image rejection ratio from 24dB to 45dB for an up converted signal at 28GHz.


consisting of transition matrix F, reaction matrix G, innovation matrix H as well as covariance matrix Q for ηt and variance σ is known. However in the empirical analysis of time-varying structural parameters, the hyper-structure is not known and has to be determined from the available data. Such a situation is defined as the identification of a parameter process. It can be formally divided into three stages: first the type of parameter process has to be defined – whether it is stationary or non-stationary. Then the structure of the parameter process has to be determined. Initially we do not know, for example, what order of auto-regression fits in with the particular components of the parameters vector, which means that both the dimension and structure of transition matrix F are not known. And finally the unknown parameters of matrixes F, G, H and Q as well as variance σ have to be estimated. Significant is the fact that, in the identification of a parameter process, the order of the particular steps or stages is unimportant. We assume that to determine the type and structure of a parameter process, alternative models of parameters have to be estimated, which makes the empirical analysis very impor-


This paper is an attempt to the symplectization of smooth unusual, but standard imbedded subspaces of R n like a n-simplex, for the purpose of modelling Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems thereon. We show that these subspaces are obtained by the process of smoothly gluing portions of R n , all considered as Frölicher spaces. On working with some of them, we characterize smooth vector fields that have a flow. Then, we show that both the modern and classical mechanical systems can be written in a more larger category than that of Frölicher spaces, which is the category of differential spaces.


It is ironic that in Ancient Greece phlegm was regarded by Hippocrates as one of the four humours fundamental to disease, yet sputum analysis is generally neglected in modern asthma clinical practice and research, in this issue of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Popov et al. use the established method of sputum dispersion with dithiothreitol to free contained cells from surrounding mucoproteins, and they then proceed to quantitate the total cell content by automated met,hods, and perform cell differential analysis by conventional staining and high power light microscopy of cytospins [1]. Comparison with conventional sputum cell smear methods demonstrates that the method of dithiothreitol dispersion followed by cytospin analysis enables faster and more reproducible differentials to be performed.


The practice-integrated study of 30 suburban runaways and 30 nonrunaways explored the extent to whcih particular stressful events and inadequate coping skills precipitate runaway episodes. The findings showed that certain types of stressful events combined with inadequate coping patterns led many youths to run away. Conversely, most nonrunaway youths were living in less conflict-ridden homes. Although the level of stress was lower for the comparison group, when stressful events did occur the nonrunaways reacted by exhibiting positive coping mechanisms.


In a short time touchscreens has become one of the most used methods for input to smartphones and other machines such as cash registers, card terminals and ATMs. While the technology change was qui ...


This study aims to describe the basic concepts of community-based education management both theoretically and practically and explain how community-based management is implemented in the management of early childhood education institutions. This study uses a type of library research (library research). The results of the study show that there are at least eight types of community that play a role in community-based management in PAUD management, including individuals (religious leaders), families, Education Implementation Support Agencies (BP3) or school committees, professional organizations (GOPTKI, IGTKI, IGPAUD), entrepreneurs, community organizations, quality control of educational services, non-governmental organizations (NGOs).


Abstract Data are presented on dielectric properties of Rb2CoCl4 crystals. A wide tail of enhanced permittivity extends into the ferroelctric phase. It shows a relaxation in the MHz region with a wide distribution of relaxation times. On lowering temperature, the decrease in permittivity is accompanied by dielectric softening as revealed by decreasing mean relaxation frequency.


With the help of numerical experiments results of application of waves with circular polarization in solution of inverse problems of magnetotelluric sounding are considered.


The diagnosis of uterine and/or tubal pathology as causes of female infertility represents a fundamental step in the evaluation of the infertile couple. Apart from the invasive diagnostic procedures, several others diagnostic techniques useful to the clinical evaluation of the uterine cavity and tubal anatomy are: transvaginal sonography (TVS), hysterosalpingography (HSG), hysteroscopy and hydrosonography (HDS) and laparoscopy.


Objectives: To assess the psychological adjustment of middle school students and to identify the relationship between differences in demographic characteristics and psychological adjustment . Methodology: A descriptive correlation design was used. The study utilized a simple random sample to select (381) students using self-report to select students who will be recruited into the study for the period from November 26 th , 2021 to April 1 st , 2022. A scale approved in the study consisting of 40 items was chosen. It measures four trends which are personal, social, familial, and emotional adjustment. The data were analyzed by applying the descriptive statistical data analysis method and inferential statistical data analysis. Results: More than half of the participants (52%) had a moderate psychological adjustment, 44% had a good psychological adjustment, and 4% had a poor psychological adjustment. The sociodemographic characteristics (age, parental education level, socioeconomic status) effect on psychological adjustment. Conclusions: The secondary and preparatory school student have a moderate psychological adjustment in general. Most students suffer from emotional maladjustment and found an effect of the demographic characteristics (age, parental education level, social and economic status) on the psychological adjustment of secondary and preparatory school students. Recommendations: The current study recommended focusing on activating the role of family counseling to raise public awareness about psychological adjustment and activate the role of psychotherapists in schools.


The Zhuxi ultra-large type copper-tungsten deposit in the Northeast Jiangxi province located in Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt which belongs to Jiangnan ancient island-arc,the discovery of the deposit has verified Southern Tungsten North Expansion perspective and challenge the viewpoint that Tungsten located in the south but the copper located in the north of Jiangxi provience,but the previous lack of accurate chronology study related to Zhuxi copper-tungsten mineralization of granite not enough, resulting in the geodynamic background of understanding. In this study,on the basis of detailed field investigation,core logging and petrology studies on the granodioritic porphyries which had intruded into the Middle Proterozoic Shuangqiaoshan group and with copper mineralization alteration,using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating,we obtained the granodioritic porphyries zircon206 Pb /238 U weighted mean age of 847. 2 ± 9. 4 Ma( MSWD = 0. 111),which can represent the granodiorite porphyry magma emplacement and crystallization age,belonging to the neoproterozoic. The results reveal that the granodioritic porphyries of Zhuxi copper-tungsten mine is a product of the early Neoproterozoic Southern China ancient oceanic crust subduction and Yangtze and Cathaysian continental blocks collisional magmatism,the magmatic activity provides the basis for the metallogenic QinzhouHangzhou metallogenic belt,and the magma event is close related to the Taqian-Fuchun ore belt mineralization,it also provides new evidence for the study of Zhuxi ultra-large type copper-tungsten deposit.


Rearrangement of Vinyl-Cyclopropane-Carbaminals

Both (c-2, t-3-diphenyl-r-1-cyclopropyl)methylene-dipyrrolidine (4) and its (t-2, t-3)-isomer 10 underwent a thermal rearrangement to (E)-N-2-benzylidene-1-indanyl-pyrrolidine (5). Under the conditions of the rearrangement, 5 was partially converted into 2-benzyl-1-indanone (6) in a base catalysed reaction. The structures of 5 and 6 were derived from spectroscopic data and from degradation reactions.- N,N′-(t-2-Vinyl-r-1-cyclopropyl)methylene-dipyrrolidine (11) rearranged thermally to N-(2-methylidene-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)pyrrolidine (12), the structure of which was established from spectroscopic evidence and from a hydrogenation to N-(2-methylcyclopentyl)pyrrolidine (13, cis/trans mixture 3:2).

The aminal 4 was reduced with formic acid to give N-(c-2, t-3-diphenyl-r-1-cyclopropyl)methyl-pyrrolidine (14). If perdeuterio formic acid was used, the mixture product 14-d/14-d2 was obtained which contained exactly one deuterium atom in its methylene group and about half a deuterium atom on C(1). This labeling pattern is mechanistically explained with the existence of a fast equilibrium between the iminium ion 19 and the enamine 18, so that 18 and 19 are considered to be plausible reactive intermediates in the above mentioned thermal rearrangement. - Based on this, several mechanisms for the rearrangements 4 5, 10 5 and 11 12 were considered: A Pictet-Spengler- or Mannich-type reaction, which starts from the iminium ion 23 and is followed by a cyclopropylmethyl-homoallylic rearrangement and by deprotonation (path a, Scheme 5), was judged to be improbable because the postulated intermediates could lead more easily to other stable products than the observed ones. If the reaction is formulated as a [3,3]-sigmatropic shift occurring on exclusively the (E)-isomer 5 suggests a concerted process whose steric course is predominantly controlled by strain factors. Alternatively, the reaction could be formulated via a dipolar (27) or a diradical (26) species derived from the enamine 22 (paths c and d, Scheme 5); attempts to trap such species by a number of agents were unsuccessful. - The previously unknown aminals 10 and 11 were synthesized by standard methods.


The study was carried out to evaluate the acute toxicity of enrofloxacin-colistin combination via a single oral(p.o.)and intravenous(i.v.) administration in ICR mice. All procedures of the test were performed by the established regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4.14). The maximal dose of oral and intravenous routes was 5,000mg/kg and 90mg/kg, consisting with each 6 groups including control of male and female, respectively. As the results, 's of the combinations showed 3,075mg/kg (f)and 2,564mg/kg(m) after oral administrations, together with 48mg/kg(f) and 40mg/kg(m) after intravenous administration. These facts indicated that acute toxicitiy of enrofloxacin-colistin combination were different depending on the administration routes and sexes in ICR mice. In conclusion, the route of enrofloxacin-colistin combination must not choose as i.v. route administration in terms of acute toxicity based on .


There are two pervasive modes of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) that influence circulation and rainfall anomalies over South America. They appear as leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of 500‐hPa height or 200‐hPa streamfunction anomalies and are found from intraseasonal to decadal time scales. Both patterns exhibit wave 3 hemispheric patterns in mid to high latitudes, and a well‐defined wave train with large amplitude in the Pacific–South American (PSA) sector. Therefore, they are referred to as the PSA modes (PSA1 and PSA2).


Isotope exponent a ofYJ3a2Cu30 6' x has been analysed with oxygen content (x=O.4-I .O) by using exact expressions for isotope shift exponent for a electronic density of states (I.::DOS) in the Van I love singularity scenario (VI IS) The result reproduces the general experimental trend of a as a function of x. The theoretical value of a at optimum doping has been found lesser than that obtamed by other workers, though the experimental value is still smaller.


1 Abstract— In this paper, a fast encryption scheme based on chaotic maps is proposed. Firstly the dynamical 8×8 S-box is produced by using logistic map and 2D standard map. Secondly a sequence of pseudo-random bytes is generated by using 2D chaotic cat map to index the entries of the S-box. The output bytes from the S-box are XOR-ed with the plaintext to produce the ciphertext. The results of simulations show that this encryption scheme is secure and fast enough to be used in real-time image encryption applications.


For measurement evaluation, not only the type of antenna but also the position and the polarisation of the antenna in the antenna array are very important. In most simulations and measurements, the antennas are having all the same polarisation, hence resulting in a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern. In this paper, the radiation pattern of an antenna array will be included in the SAGE Algorithm. By applying then this algorithm on simulated or measured data, the time-domain values of the Direction of Arrival (DOA) parameters can be determined very accurately. In this paper, the extracted parameters are the time delay or the distance, the azimuth angle, the elevation angle and the complex amplitude or the power for every significant path. The simulations are based on a previously described antenna array with monopole antennas in different polarisations. The simulation results show the influence of the element pattern on the performance of the SAGE Algorithm.


With the increased adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and cyber and internet technologies, power systems are rapidly evolving into Cyber-Physical Power Systems (CPPS). CPPS are emerging technologies, with growing significant academic, industrial and societal impacts. Research into CPPS needs deep integration of smart electric power grid and new information systems, and consideration must be paid to the tight coupling between cyber, networking, communication and physical systems. To this end, the interdependency of the power system and its associated cyber properties should be investigated. Advanced intelligent technologies must be developed to deal with frontier challenges arising from multiple energy resources, multiple timescales, the presence of uncertainty, the existence of reliability concerns and the security issues related to modernised power systems. It is expected that these intelligent technologies can improve power system performance in terms of security, efficiency, reliability and, make a strong economic impact. Seven papers were accepted for this Special Issue and brief introductions of them are provided below. 'Developing correlation indices to identify coordinated cyberattacks on power grids', by Christian Moya and Jiankang Wang, studies coordinated cyber-attacks from the correlation indices on static control applications. The proposed indices improve attack identification, e.g., measurement attacks. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed method is deductive and able to detect sophisticated attacks without simulating a large number of attack events. A case study on the New England 39 bus system demonstrates the effectiveness of this method. 'Electromagnetic torque analysis-based method for performance evaluation and optimisation of closed-loop CPS regarding small signal stability', by Yibiao Sheng, Tao Lin, Rusi Chen, et al. presents a new method to explore the influence of wide-area damping control parameters and time delays for cyber-physical power system from a small signal stability viewpoint. An electromagnetic torque analysis (ETA) method is established to facilitate this stability study. The authors analyse the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method using a two-area fourmachine system. 'Market-based generator cost functions for power system test cases', by Venkat Durvasulu and Timothy M. Hansen proposes a novel method to design generator cost functions to emulate existing market costs for power system test cases. This paper classifies real market generator offers from an independent system operator organised electricity market into generator types. By using the new market-based generator cost functions, power system simulation studies will better represent actual economic impacts. 'Predictive control model to manage power flow on a hybrid wind-photovoltaic and diesel microgeneration power plant with additional storage capacity' by António José Arsénio dos Santos Costa, Duarte Valério and Paulo José da Costa Branco is aimed at using model predictive control (MPC) approach for management of the power flow in a hybrid microgeneration power plant with additional storage capacity. The objectives of MPC are to maximise the use of power from renewable resources and to maximise the duration of lithium ion batteries. MPC is proven to be a suitable strategy for management of power flow dispatch on hybrid power generation plants with renewable resources. 'Swarm-based automation of electrical power distribution and transmission system support', by Stefan Dähling, Sonja Kolen, and Antonello Monti presents SwarmGrid-X, an agent-based control concept that considers the structure, demands and capabilities of components in the distribution system and the power requirements of the transmission system at the point of common coupling. The cooperative nature of SwarmGrid-X transforms the distribution system into a Cyber-Physical Power System. This paper also explains how SwarmGrid-X enables cyber-physical interactions of components to automate electrical power distribution and support the transmission system. 'Game theory-based optimal deloading control of wind turbines under scalable structures of wind farm' by Jianliang Zhang, Yujun Li, Zhao Xu, et al. addresses the problem of how to harvest as much kinetic energy as possible during deloading control of variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) by distributedly adjusting rotor speeds under scalable wind farm topology. A game theorybased distributed control framework is investigated to enable the optimal rotor speed setting of VSWTs such that maximal kinetic energy can be stored in rotating masses of VSWTs for further system support, and meanwhile, the power dispatch objective for VSWTs can be fulfilled. Consequently, all of VSWTs within wind farm cooperatively achieve the objective of both system power balance and maximal kinetic energy harvesting. 'Forecasting of commodities prices using a multi-factor PDE model and Kalman Filtering', by Gerasimos Rigatos, Pierluigi Siano, Taniya Ghosh, et al. presents a method for forecasting commodities prices using Schwartz PDE and Kalman Filtering. The method is applicable to both the single-factor and the multifactor Schwartz PDE. By redesigning the Kalman Filter as a m-step ahead predictor it becomes possible to obtain accurate estimates of the future commodities' price. The proposed method can contribute to maximising profits in commodities trading, including also the trading of electric power.


Mastering the basics means you are able to play all chords, scales, arpeggios, triads, common chord progressions etc in all keys with ease. It also means being able to transpose any song to any other key instantly, on the spot. It means never being at a loss as to which scale to use over a chord or progression and where to play it. Very powerful stuff indeed. No more fumbling around to find the right chords or notes.


Based on introducing the Pearl river basin flood characteristic, the author analyzed the flood protection situation of the Pearl river basin. The 21st century's Pearl river flood protection system construction was planned on the flood protection standard, general layout of flood protection project and measures.


Background : Food snacks circulating in the community generally do not have guaranteed security and balanced nutritional content. So that the development of snacks is very important. One food product that is easily developed can be used as a snack or a daily snack that is a snack bar. The development of snack products in the form of snack bars can be made using local food ingredients. This snack bar formulation will then have a high enough fiber content so that it is expected to be an alternative snack food to reduce the incidence of Obesity. Objective : Knowing the effect of adding local food ingredients to the organoleptic properties and fiber content of snack bars as an alternative to high-fiber snacks. Method : This research is a literature study which summarizes some literature that is relevant to the research theme / topic. Literature is obtained through searches conducted on several internet pages. In this study, the type of data used is secondary data. The literature that was reviewed was first selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results : Of the 11 journals reviewed 2 of them stated there was an effect of adding local food to the organoleptic nature of snack bars. And of the 11 journals reviewed 4 of them had a snack bar formulation with a relatively high fiber content. So that the recommended snack bar formulation research Pratama (2019 )as an alternative to high-fiber healthy snacks. Conclusion : Of the 11 journals reviewed 2 of them stated there was an effect of adding local food to the organoleptic nature  and fiber content of snack bars.


Peng Li,1 Qiang Zhang,1 Xin He,1 Wencai Ren,2 Hui-Ming Cheng,2 and Xi-xiang Zhang1,* 1Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China (Received 16 January 2016; revised manuscript received 24 May 2016; published 5 July 2016)