Abstract We characterized the morphological variation and algal species associations of the filamentous green alga, Acrosiphonia arcta (distinguishing it from its closely related sister genus Spongomorpha), in two contrasting environments in Nova Scotia, Canada. The habitats differed in seawater salinity and temperature (and fluctuations thereof), substratum, vertical position on the shore, wave exposure, turbidity, and diversity of macroalgae and macrofauna. Acrosiphonia arcta thalli exhibited distinct morphologies in the different environments. Thalli from the open-ocean Whitehead site (Atlantic coast) exhibited the typical A. arcta morphology of profuse, short, curved branches and rhizoids binding the filaments together to form hemispherical to spherical tufts. Thalli from the sheltered Pomquet Harbour Estuary (Gulf of St. Lawrence coast) consisted of matted clumps with extensive rhizoidal growth at the base but little branching otherwise. Acrosiphonia arcta was primarily associated with thick leathery and crustose (coralline) algae at Whitehead. In the Pomquet Harbour Estuary, a less stable habitat than Whitehead, sheet and filamentous algae were in greater abundance with A. arcta than at Whitehead. Damaged apical cells from thalli of both Pomquet and Whitehead A. arcta were able to regenerate new filamentous tips or to give rise to rhizoids, phenomena not previously documented for Acrosiphonia in North America. Morphological variation of A. arcta in different habitats points to its ability to respond to and persist in a wide range of abiotic (and possibly biotic) conditions, and helps to explain its seasonal dominance on the east and west coasts of North America.


The federal government's most effective tool for reducing wealth inequality is the estate tax, but the tax is being phased out. The costs of this repeal are high for all families, rich and poor.


Cold-pressed sesame oil powder was prepared by spray drying in this study, soy protein isolate and β-cyclodextrin as a composite wall material, sucrose ester S-15 and monoglyceride as emulsifier, the orthogonal experiment is applied to study the embedding rate of cold-pressed sesame oil powder on the basis of single factor experiments. The effects of inlet temperatures, total solids content, the amount of emulsifi er and the ratio of wall material and core material are studied. The optimal conditions are as follows: inlet temperature of 175 ℃, total solids content of 19%, the amount of emulsifi er of 0.5%, the ratio of wall material and core material of 1.5:1. The embedding rate of cold-pressed sesame oil powder can be up to 72.14% under these conditions.


The synthesis of the planar chiral (R)-[eta5-(1-diphenylphosphino-2-tert-butylsulfenyl)cyclopentadienyl](eta4-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene) cobalt and its high efficiency as P,S-bidentate ligand in Pd-catalyzed allylic substitutions is described.


while we get on with 'something practical'! However, there are signs of resistance to this, and of an awareness that some form of doctrinal development is urgently necessary for evangelical Anglican theology. Kirk, for example, maintains that 112 alongside our acceptance of the full authority of the Bible we also need a thoroughgoing and constant enquiry into the relationship between man's personal and social environment and his interpretation of the biblical text. I am increasingly convinced that the full authority of Scripture over the lives of Christian people can be effective only as and when we find a Evangelicals and Anglican Liberal Theology fresh approach to its interpretation which will provide an alternative both to orthodox critical scholarship and to the traditional evangelical 'confessional' hermeneutic.9 Both Gladwin and Kirk have drawn attention to the problem of relating the present state of society to the Bible and to traditional ways of stating evangelical doctrines. They represent a movement within evangelicalism which finds that the inherited historical framework of Anglican confessionalism does not speak with relevance to today's world. If evangelical Anglicans, as individuals or as churches, find that contemporary doctrinal expression takes a form which makes it appear irrelevant, what options are open? There would appear to be four, with considerable overlap between them. First, in seeking for spiritual reality and existential relevance, some will express their faith in some form of world-denying theology with strong emphasis on worship and individual and group experience. The local church is restructured in its life-style, but there is little emphasis on organized evangelism or involvement in society. Secondly, there can be a reaffirmation of confessionalism, with a strong emphasis on the historical origins of the Anglican Reformed tradition (e.g. the Thirty-nine Articles). At its best, this method has the strength of historical continuity and a real concern for the importance of doctrine and the spiritual state of the contemporary Church of England. 11 Alternatively, the result can be theological ghettoism with a strong sense of evangelicalism being an ecclesiola in ecclesia. This can develop into a negativism in doctrine and ecclesiastical tradition which becomes unrelated to the spreading of the gospel. Thirdly, the Christian faith can be seen as being propped up by the life of the local church rather than by a carefully thought-out individual belief. Preaching becomes a comforting operation rather than a challenge to commitment. Fourthly, there can be a total neglect of older forms of doctrinal expression, which are regarded as the outmoded and outworn remnants of a discredited view of the Christian faith. The contemporary expression of the faith is seen as essentially discontinuous with the past. The immediate needs of the world dictate the life of the Christian in both its individual and corporate expressions. The eucharist is conceived as a central expression of celebration at the centre of the life of the community. It can symbolize politicized hopes and liberation from bondage to temporal social oppression. Revelation is conceived as discerning God's hand in the contemporary world in the light of the Christ-event. These four models overlap to a considerable extent in any one church, but usually one will predominate. However, they are united by a common factor; the failure to see the necessity for contemporary biblical doctrine of the type that is at present being urged by writers such as Kirk and Gladwin. The fourth model shows the dangers of


An opto-electronic technique for high-resolution wave-front phase imaging is presented and demonstrated experimentally. The technique is analogous to the conventional Zernike phase- contrast approach, but uses modern spatial light modulator technology to increase robustness and improve performance. Because they provide direct measurements of wave-front phase (rather than wave-front slope measurements, as in Shack- Hartmann sensors), robust phase-contrast sensors have potential applications in high-speed, high-resolution adaptive optic systems. Advantages of the opto-electronic approach over alternative advanced phase-contrast techniques (such as a related phase-contrast sensor which uses a liquid-crystal light valve exhibiting a Kerr-type optical response to perform Fourier filtering) are discussed. The SLM used for the experimental results is a 128 X 128-element pixilated phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator from Boulder Nonlinear Systems, Inc.


Platnick, N. I. (Department of Entomology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024) 1979. Philosophy and the transformation of cladistics. Syst. Zool. 28:537-546.-Although Hennig presented cladistic methods by referring to a model of the evolutionary process, neither the value nor the success of the methods is limited by the value or success of that evolutionary model. Dichotomous cladograms can be preferred simply on the basis of their maximal information content, without reference to speciation mechanisms. Because only the interrelationships of diagnosable taxa (those with unique sets of apomorphic characters) can be investigated, questions about whether speciation can occur without branching, or whether species become extinct at branching points, are irrelevant to cladistic practice. The distinction between plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states depends not on the reconstruction of actual evolutionary history, but on the discrimination of more general from less general characters; groups based on plesiomorphy are defined by the absence of characters and are therefore artificial. Hence cladistic methods are not the methods of phylogenetics per se, but the methods of natural classification in general; phylogenetic conclusions are an extrapolation from hypotheses about natural order. [Cladistics; phylogenetics; characters; natural classification.] At least two students of current systematic theory have suggested that there has been in recent years a transformation within phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. David Hull, in a paper delivered at the 1977 Toronto meeting of the Society of Systematic Zoology (Hull, 1979), distinguished between early views of cladistics as a means of reconstructing evolutionary history and later, more general views of cladistics as a means of discerning natural order in any system that involves some sort of descent with modification. A somewhat different division within the ranks of cladists was subsequently postulated by George Simpson (1978a) in a review of the recent NATO symposium on vertebrate evolution. Simpson distinguished between what he called canonical and non-canonical versions of cladistics on the basis of whether their proponents do or do not regard cladograms as being equivalent to phylogenetic trees. The first question that comes to mind, of course, is a historical one: has such a transformation actually occurred? In this regard, it's interesting that even though Hull and Simpson distinguished their respective groups of cladists at least partly on different grounds (or characters), both classifications do cluster many of the same workers together. On the basis of this congruence, the two groups of cladists might be regarded as natural ones, and hence as real reflections of history. At any rate, the possible extent of the differences between classical and modern cladistics is highlighted in another statement made by Simpson in his recently published autobiography (1978b: 271): The main principles of the Hennigian system are: first, that the basic process of organic evolution (phylogeny) is the splitting (dichotomy) of an ancestral species into two descendant species; second, that each dichotomy should be taken as marking the origin of two new units (taxa) of classification; and third, that the hierarchic level of such units (whether species, genera, families, etc.) should be determined by the geological time when the dichotomy occurred, the earlier the time, the higher the level. Having thus discovered what the main principles of the Hennigian system are, Simpson goes on, of course, to demolish them: I will just say that the first principle, as given above, an apparent statement of fact, is not true and that the second and third principles, statements of opinion, are inane.


We analyze by field theoretical methods the large scale behavior of a stack of tethered or polymerized membranes. We show that, in the decoupled phase where there is no resistance to the shear between successive membranes, anharmonic terms dictated by rotational symmetry in the bulk have to be taken into account. They renormalize the elastic coefficients and lead to a large distance anomalous elasticity, as in the case of a single tethered membrane Nous analysons par des techniques de theorie des champs le comportement a grande echelle d'un empilement de membranes reticulees ou polymerisees. Nous montrons que, dans la phase decouplee ou il n'y a pas de resistance au cisaillement entre membranes successives, la symetrie de rotation dans l'espace ambiant oblige a tenir compte de certains termes anharmoniques. Ces termes additionnels renormalisent les coefficients elastiques et conduisent a une elasticite anormale a grandes distances, de la meme maniere que pour une membrane reticulee isolee


English language proficiency is one of the most pressing issues, particularly in the field of education. Speaking and writing are two of the most important macroskills to master, especially in today's increasingly connected world.  The current study seeks to ascertain students' comprehension and mastery of English grammar and explores whether grammar explains the students' proficiency in speaking and writing in Grade 10 Junior High School. The respondents were chosen for the study using a simple random sampling design. Additionally, the researcher's questionnaire, with three qualified validators tested for validity and a pilot tested for reliability, produced a satisfactory Cronbach's alpha result and served as the basis for gathering the study's data. Findings show that students' competence in English grammar, writing, and speaking is satisfactory. The outcome demonstrates that mastery of English grammar accounts for developing an acceptable level of speaking and writing abilities. The study concluded that students' command of English grammar explains their writing and speaking abilities.


: The environmental indicators and the classification of beach waste are essential tools to diagnose the current situation and to indicate ways to improve the quality of this environment. The purpose of this paper was to perform a quali-quantitative analysis of the beach waste on the Curva da Jurema Beach (Espírito Santo - Brazil). Three transects were used with equidistant positioning over the total length of the beach for the solid waste collection. Solid wastes were later classified according to their use and primary raw material from the low and high summer season. During the low season, average values of 7.10 items.m-1, 18.22 g.m-1 and 0.91 g.m-2 were found for the whole beach, and transect 3 contributed the most waste, with the total sum of items equal to 999 (49%), a total mass of 5.62 kg and a total volume of 21.31 L. During the high summer season, average values of 8.22 items.m-1, 54.40 g.m-1 and 2.72 g.m-2 were found, with transect 2 contributing the most to the total sum with 1,212 items (53%), a total mass of 10.76 kg and a total volume of 51.99 L. Of the total collected, plastic materials represented 51.4% of the total number of items, 35.9% of the total mass and 68% of the total volume. The implementation of reactive and proactive measures is necessary so that the management of the solid wastes on Curva da Jurema Beach is in accordance with principles of sustainability.


This paper investigates the problem of propagation of planar and non-planar weak shock waves in a non-ideal medium. The mathematical formulation developed in this work leads to a closed system of coupled transport equations which efficiently describes the strength of a shock wave and the first order discontinuities induced behind it. The influence of the parameter of non-idealness and the non planar configuration of the wavefront on the nonlinear distortion, attenuation and shock formation of pulses, are discussed in detail. An analytical expression for the shock formation distance is obtained and a direct comparison between the ideal versus the non ideal gas flow is established. Also, the usual asymptotic decay laws for weak shock are recovered.


In this paper we present a new tool to improve analog circuits test. This tool is based on measuring not only frequency or voltage, but also the transferred charge during a period while the circuit under test is configured as an oscillator. To prove the technique, fault diagnosis and parameter prediction have been tried. Simulations have been performed on an opamp considering process variations in both fault-free and defective circuits. These simulations show that both fault coverage and yield of the test process obtained using frequency or voltage amplitude can be greatly improved by adding charge as a test observable. Moreover, parameter prediction is also improved


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of orally administered probiotics in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

STUDY DESIGN
Arandomized double blind controlled trial.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
The Paediatrics Department of Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet Bangladesh, from July 2012 to June 2015.

METHODOLOGY
Preterm (28 - 33 weeks gestation) VLBW (birth weight 1000 - 1499 g) neonates were enrolled. The study group was fed with probiotics once daily with breast milk from first feeding, and the control group with only breast milk without the addition of probiotics. Both the groups received other standard care. The primary outcome was the development of NEC (stage II and III), categorized by modified Bell's classification.

RESULTS
In 108 neonates, development of NEC was significantly lower in the study group than that of control group [1 (1.9%) vs. 6 (11.5%); p=0.044]. Age of achievement of full oral feeding was significantly earlier in the study group than that in the control group (14.88 ±3.15 and 18.80 ±4.32 days; p < 0.001). Duration of hospital stay was significantly short in the study group compared to the control group (15.82 ±2.94 days vs. 19.57 ±4.26 days; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Probiotic supplementation reduces the frequency of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates with very low birth weight. It is also associated with faster achievement of full oral feeding and short duration of hospital stay.


This article investigates the influence of progress certainty and discrete progress markers (DPMs) on performance and preferences. The authors suggest that the effects of DPMs depend on whether progress certainty is high or low. When the distance to the goal is uncertain, DPMs can help reduce uncertainty and thus improve performance and increase preference. However, when the distance to the goal is certain, DPMs may generate complacency, sway motivation away from the end goal, and decrease performance in the task, as well as its appeal. Therefore, the addition of more information, feedback, or progress indicators may not always improve task performance and preference for the task. The authors validate these claims in 4 experiments. Much of human activity aims to achieve ends or goals (e.g., climbing mountains, saving money, solving math problems, running a marathon). Although the path to such achievement is not always rewarding in and of itself, people often embark on those paths because they lead to the reward of goal attainment. For example, in mountain climbing, many mountaineers report that the daily experience is miserable but that reaching the peak provides meaning and satisfaction (see Loewenstein, 1999). Because reaching such goals may be difficult, people often adopt subgoals that break the overall task into smaller, more manageable parts (Newell & Simon, 1972). For example, when trying to solve a mechanics problem in physics, a student may first search and summarize the forces acting on the system (Catrambone, 1998). In this article, we investigate the effect of a special type of subgoal on overall performance in a task. In particular, we examine the effect of subgoals that are meant to signify progress toward an end. In general, any task can be characterized by the amount of progress information it embodies, defined here as external feedback about the distance to an end— or the degree of progress toward completion. The actual amount of progress information in a task lies on the continuum between complete progress uncertainty and complete progress certainty. Examples of tasks with high progress certainty include traveling with a global positioning system or paying a mortgage; in these cases, the person knows the exact distance from the goal. Examples of tasks with low progress certainty include courting a potential romantic partner or working on a research paper; in these cases, the person can sense progress, but the distance to the goal may be unclear. In this work, …


This paper is concerned with optimal time for enter or exit of a financial position such as sell or buying a specified stock. Throughout the current paper, it is assumed that the mean function of return process of asset (say stock) price is time varying. Indeed, first, considering the step function of Yao (1984), optimal trading strategies problem are studied using optimal stopping technique and dynamic programming solutions are proposed. Optimal stopping rules are presented and they are applied to two real data sets. Then, alternative ways for formulation of time varying mean functions are studied throughout the simulated examples. Finally, concluding remarks are proposed.


Ptychography is a coherent diffraction imaging technique that avoids the limitations introduced by conventional lens-based microscopy. Hence, it has been widely used in many applications in the last decade and is becoming the standard method for sub-20nm x-ray imaging. In ptychography, the object is scanned to collect a series of diffraction patterns from partially overlapping regions. Although, the method has been popularized for 2D imaging, the extension of ptychography into 3D imaging has received a great deal of interest in recent years. The conventional way to recover the refractive properties of the 3D object is to solve the ptychography problem first for each view of the object which is then followed by a 3D tomographic reconstruction. The drawback of this sequential approach is that current ptychographic phase retrieval algorithms require 70% or more overlap between illuminations. In [Gürsoy, 2017], it has been shown that these constraints can be relaxed by using the intrinsic coupling of information among projections and solving the ptycho-tomography problem jointly. Later in [Aslan, 2019], the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used as a generic reconstruction framework to efficiently solve the joint ptycho-tomography problem. ADMM allows to split the problem into parts where each subproblem can be solved with an optimizer. Due to its modular structure, a priori knowledge of the image can also be plugged into the framework where the problem can be split into three parts: ptychography, tomography problem and the regularizer. In [Nikitin, 2019], we used a sparse prior defined in terms of the total variation (TV).


Content creators are looking forward to spreading their offer of services, by repurposing their original content, usually first dedicated to broadcast, to other distribution channels. But multiplying the distribution channels does not and cannot mean multiplying the production cost: one really wants to "produce once, and repurpose many". Moreover, "the faster the content production the better the workflow" remains a key aspect even for new distribution channels. To answer this need while taking into account the above constraints, innovative repurposing solutions are introduced from the initial stages of the broadcast production workflow. These solutions enable to speed up the process of high quality content creation, while generating new revenue. Simultaneous production of content for the Internet, mobile and IPTV is then achieved through a suite of automated tools, grouped together in a single workflow.


For demonstration of animal experiments of medical and paramedical faculties, a large number of animals are sacrificed every year. Such demonstrations can be humanely presented using computer simulations rather than experimental animals. For example, software 'X-cology: An Interactive CD-ROM for Pharmacology Undergraduates' was developed. It has become increasingly difficult to perform animal experiments, because of issues related to the procurement of animals, and strict regulations and ethical issues related to their use. A number of computer simulation models (CSMs) are available. Interactive demonstrations were conducted to encourage the departmental faculty to use CSMs. CSMs can be used repeatedly and independently by students, and this avoids unnecessary experimentation and also causing pain and trauma to animals. Recently a hybrid model based on the finite element method and on a compartmental biophysical representation of peripheral nerve fibers and intraneural electrodes was developed. Animal experiments were performed using the same stimulation protocol as in the computer simulations in order to rigorously validate the model predictions and understand its limitations. This software displays complete video demonstrations of different procedures like isolation and mounting of animal tissues followed by on screen interactive interface to study the effects of various drugs on the isolated tissues. It simulates / demonstrates experiments causing undue pain to animals. The presentation is made user friendly and self explanatory.


full series of preclinical studies. The GI, renal, hepatic and general tolerability was excellent. In clinical phase II and phase III studies in patients with osteoarthritis the efficacy/tolerability profile was studied in comparison with placebo and active treatment. Methods: In an endoscopic study, 121 subjects with normal gastric and duodenal mucosa were treated for 4 weeks with licofelone 200 mg bid or 400 mg bid, placebo or naproxen 500 mg bid. The mucosa was evaluated with modified Lanza scores. Ulcers (3 mm or more in diameter) were assessed. In another study, 148 patients with OA were treated for 12 weeks with licofelone 200 mg bid or naproxen 500 mg bid. Efficacy was evaluated using the WOMAC index. Responders were defined to show a 30% improvement versus baseline. Results: In the endoscopic study, the gastric mucosa was completely normal after 4 weeks in 93% (200 mg bid), 89% (400 mg bid), 90% (placebo) and 37% (naproxen) of subjects. No ulcers were present in either licofelone group or the placebo group. In the naproxen group 6 ulcers (20%) were observed (5 GU, 1 DU). In the 12-week study the efficacy of licofelone 200 mg bid was comparable or slightly better than in the naproxen group. With licofelone, the mean WOMAC index was improved by 23.3 mm (VAS) and with naproxen there was an improvement by 21.5 mm. For the WOMAC index, 69.4% of licofelone-treated patients were reponders (68.4% with naproxen). GI adverse events were reported by 13.9% (licofelone) and by 26.3% (naproxen) of patients. Conclusion: Treatment of OA patients with Licofelone was shown to have a comparable efficacy as conventional NSAIDs but to have an excellent GI and general tolerability. The combined inhibition of both COX-isoenzymes and of 5-LOX avoids the obvious disadvantages of selective COX-2 inhibitiors (e.g. thromboembolic risk) but spares also the GI mucosa. Phase III clinical studies are already completed. The innovative mechanism of action may offer a new alternative for the treatment of OA with an optimal benefit/ risk ratio. Osteoarthritis Clinical aspects and treatment 2


Location-aware networks will introduce innovative services and applications for modern convenience, applied ocean sciences, and public safety. In this paper, we establish a hybrid method for model-based and data-driven inference. We consider a cooperative localization (CL) scenario where the mobile agents in a wireless network aim to localize themselves by performing pairwise observations with other agents and by exchanging location information. A traditional method for distributed CL in large agent networks is belief propagation (BP) which is completely model-based and is known to suffer from providing inconsistent (overconfident) estimates. The proposed approach addresses these limitations by complementing BP with learned information provided by a graph neural network (GNN). We demonstrate numerically that our method can improve estimation accuracy and avoid overconfident beliefs, while its computational complexity remains comparable to BP. Notably, more consistent beliefs are obtained by not explicitly addressing overconfidence in the loss function used for training of the GNN.


ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper on energy economics and the macroeconomic implications of increased petroleum price trends in Colombia from 1973-1982 - examines the impact of higher oil prices on the balance of trade, balance of payments, economic growth, the labour market, inflation and income distribution; analyzes power consumption in major industrial sectors, the energy price index and energy policy options. Bibliography, statistical tables.


Aim: To characterize a group of pediatric patients diagnosed with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) at a university hospital in Bogotá. Methods: A total of 2,635 PIBO-compatible clinical histories were reviewed. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 19 cases were retrieved and used to develop an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study. Results: The mean age for developing acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) was 18 months. The average hospitalization was 14.5 days, 21.5% of patients required attention at a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and mechanical ventilation was applied for 10% of these cases. A total of Olga Patricia Panqueva Centenaro Pediatric Pulmonologist. Professor of the School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia Diana Carolina Estrada Cano Pediatric Physician. Master of Science in Bioethics. Professor of the School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia a a Correspondence: email@example.com Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. How to cite: Gómez Viracachá IM, Pedraza Galvis MP, Panqueva Centenaro OP, Estrada Cano DC, Soler Ramírez ÁM, Echeverry Argüello DC, Fuquen Sánchez OC. Characterization of pediatric patients diagnosed with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans 2600 meters above sea level. Univ. Med. 2020;61(1). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed 61-1.nmar Ingrid Mayerly Gómez Viracacha, Margarita del Pilar Pedraza Galvis, Olga Patricia Panqueva Centenaro, et al. | Universitas Medica | V. 61 | No. 1 | Enero-Marzo | 2020 | 2 30% of the patients had microbiological isolation, 10.5% corresponded to a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and 5% corresponded to a mixed isolation (adenovirus and RSV). All patients had chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans, which revealed a mosaic pattern of attenuation in 89.4% of all cases. Conclusions: The sample showed clinical and radiological characteristics similar to those described in other case series worldwide.


THE following case is described to alert those caring for infants to the possibility that repeated intramuscular injections into the thighs of infants may cause clinically serious contractures of t...


Work and employment often change, and this leads to transformations in the structure of organizations. To meet the demand for flexibility, efficiency, and competitiveness, new ways of organizing have resulted in new frameworks and structures for jobs in the field of human resources. These newly presented ways of organizing have led to shifting roles and distribution of responsibility.The purpose of this study is to create a wide understanding of how the organization of HR affects the work of managers. The study examines the experiences of managers with HR-support in relation to the current work situation within an organization where HR-support is based on a service center, a center of expertise, and HR business partners. Ten qualitative interviews with HR employees and managers at the governmental organization Trafikverket form the base of this study.The results show that HR-support, given by the center of expertise and business partners, is satisfying for managers. However, issues of coordination within HR affect both managers as well as HR employees within the organization. A shifting role of the manager, which includes general knowledge of operations, questions of personnel, and administration in combination with being a leader, are illustrated in the study.


Based on suitable left-truncated or censored data, two flexible classes of M-estimations of Weibull tail coefficient are proposed with two additional parameters bounding the impact of extreme contamination. Asymptotic normality with n -rate of convergence is obtained. Its robustness is discussed via its asymptotic relative efficiency and influence function. It is further demonstrated by a small scale of simulations and an empirical study on CRIX.


To study system, people often classify system in different angle, many scholars have made a few research in this aspect. This paper first narrates the system classification in early literature, then, introduces the system taxonomy of Qian Xuesen, who is a famous scientist in China. In this paper, we discuss the new taxonomy of systems: the 2 D taxonomy, it is suggested by Shenhar and Bonen. Then, the three dimensional structure of systems development is proposed. In the end, the applications of 2 D taxonomy are conducted.


The S-Box is a major step of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). In the current AES, the step uses a table lookup based on the Galois Field GF(2) to map the plaintext to the ciphertext with confusion. This paper proposes an AES SBox implementation that is based on modified lookup table. The proposed platform for implementing the S-Box builds upon the hypothesis that the set of residues of any prime number forms a mathematical field. Two sparse lookup tables with irregularly distributed entries are used to add more confusion to the process. The inverse of any entry in either of the tables is stored on one of them. The goal of this paper is therefore twofold: the first is to find an alternative to the Galois Field implementation and the second is to add more confusion to the S-Box implementation.


This article focuses on the Cuban education system, which is well known for its focus on inclusion and equality of opportunity, but also for its focus on political and ideological conformity. The economic crisis in Cuba has led to an educational crisis as well, both in terms of teacher shortages and a decrease in quality and in political/ideological commitment. In 2001 a comprehensive transformation of the education system in Cuba was introduced. This transformation followed in the wake of 'the battle of ideas', a campaign introduced to mobilize the youth for the defence of the revolution. The article critically examines the ideas and ideology behind the transformation policy and discusses the problem of ideological exclusion, despite the inclusiveness of the system (free education). Education in Cuba has not received a cent from the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund since the revolution, but is still reputed to have one of the best school systems (if not the best) in the developing world. The article discusses this claim (what is meant by best?) and examines the lessons to be learnt from the Cuban educational experience. Its uniqueness in a global perspective—what the author defines as cultural capital more or less universally distributed—represents an alternative educational route that ought to be studied carefully by other countries in both the south and north.


Significance Changes in gene expression circuits over evolutionary time are a major contributor to the emergence of new phenotypes. Here, we investigate a case where, in the past, two highly conserved transcriptional regulators formed a cooperative interaction such that both proteins are required to bind to DNA and regulate a set of genes. Using deep mutational scanning, we documented many alternative "paths not taken" that give rise to a functional cooperative interaction between these two ancient proteins. We found that functional interactions take a variety of forms and appear to arise with ease. The sheer abundance of alternative solutions to cooperative binding suggests that cooperativity among transcriptional regulators arises frequently over evolutionary time.


Automatic target detection, acquisition, andtracking via hierarchical pattern recognitionThomas W. JewittMagnavox/General Atronics Corporation1200 East Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19118ABSTRACTA hierarchical data structure is presented to organize the various types ofinformational entities available from infrared (IR) sensor data. This provides a


The herbicide molinate has been detected with high frequency in the main river during the growing season in Korea. To elucidate the exposure of molinate in agricultural environment, the persistence and the degradation characteristics of molinate were investigated in paddy ecosystems. The half-lives of molinate were 4.1 days with soil aquatic system, and 4.2 days in only aquatic system. Initial dissipation rate of molinate in water was greater with soil aquatic system than that of only aquatic system. Photolysis of molinate was occurred about 31.0% of molinate treated in pure water, when irradiated at 5,530 by the xenon lamp, but its hydrolysis was stable. For the accelerated photolysis of molinate in aqueous solution, several photosensitizers were screened, showing that the hydroperoxide() and acetone were prominent among the chemical tested. When hydroperoxide and zinkoxide(ZnO) were used as photosensitizer, their photolysis were accelerated greater than 98% and 58% in aqueous solution, respectively. Elution rate of molinate as granular formulations in aqueous system was more than 90% in 30 hour at . Molinate concentration pattern in paddy water was rapidly decrease from treatment till 7 days in paddy rice field and its half-lives were 3.7 days((r=-0.9402)).


Aims: To assess the quality of analgesia, level of comfort of patients and surgeons and incidence
of complications after topical anaesthesia with supplemental intracameral lignocaine as compared to
peribulbar block in patients undergoing phacoemulsification.
Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study done in 66 patients having
uncomplicated senile cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation of
both eyes. One eye of each patient was operated under peribulbar blockand the other eye under topical
anaesthesia with supplemental intracameral lignocaine after 2 weeks. In Group T, topical anaesthesia was
achieved by instilling proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and preservative free 1% lignocaine was used for
intracameral analgesia. Peribulbar block was administered with 5-7 ml of 2% lignocaine with 1:10000
adrenaline. Patient comfort, feeling of pressure during block, quality of analgesia intraop and 4 hours
postop, and surgeon's comfort were documented.
Results: Group P patients had significantly higher pain score, discomfort and pressure on eye during
administration of block compared to Group T. Both groups had comparable pain scores and patient's
discomfort. Pressure on eye intraop and postop and intraoperative positive pressure were also similar in
both groups. Group P had significantly higher incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage (80% vs 10%) and
chemosis of conjunctiva. (80% vs 0%).
Conclusion: Topical anaesthesia with supplemental intracameral lignocaine can be considered as a superior
anaesthetic technique for phacoemulsification than peribulbar block as it is associated with significantly
higher patient comfort and lower complications with comparable surgeon's comfort.

Keywords: Topical anaesthesia, Intracameral, Peribulbar anaesthesia, Phacoemulsification.


Abstract : A Marine company has just arrived at its rally point. As they discuss the plan of attack, a sergeant notices that the plants around him are changing colors. He immediately yells "gas, gas, gas" and the Marines quickly put on gas masks and protective suits. Plants changing colors to warn a company that toxins are present? It cannot be true, but it is true, and this is one of the many capabilities that "deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) computing" can provide the Department of Defense (DoD). Technological superiority must continue to be a characteristic of the U.S. military and one of the foundations of our national military strategy. DoD should develop DNA computing technology for the services because it protects classified information, enhances medical functions, and provides battlefield advantages.


Transparent conducting ZnO films were deposited to apply DSSC Substrate on glass substrates at 500?C by ionbeam-assisted deposition. Crystallinity, microstructure, surface roughness, chemical composition, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated as a function of deposition parameters such as ion energy, and substrate temperature. The microstructure of the polycrystalline ZnO films on the glass substrate were closely related to the oxygen ion energy, arrival ratio of oxygen to Zinc Ion bombarded on the growing surface. The main effect of energetic ion bombardment on the growing surface of the film may be divided into two categories; 1) the enhancement of adatom mobility at low energetic ion bombardment and 2) the surface damage by radiation damage at high energetic ion bombardment. The domain structure was obtained in the films deposited at 300 eV. With increasing the ion energy to 600 eV, the domain structure was changed into the grain structure. In case of the low energy ion bombardment of 300 eV, the microstructure of the film was changed from the grain structure to the domain structure with increasing arrival ratio. At the high energy ion bombardment of 600 eV, however, the only grain structure was observed. The electrical properties of the deposited films were significantly related to the change of microstructure. The films with the domain structure had larger carrier concentration and mobility than those with the grain structure, because the grain boundary scattering was reduced in the large size domains compared with the small size grains. The optical transmittance of ZnO films was dependent on a surface roughness. The ZnO films with small surface roughness, represented high transmittance in the visible range because of a decreased light surface scattering. By varying the ion energy and arrival ratio, the resistivity and optical transmittance of the films were varied from 1.1{times}10^{-4} to 2.3{times}10^{-2}{Omega}cm and from 80 to 87%, respectively. The ZnO film deposited at 300 eV, and substrate temperature of 500?C had the resistivity of 1.1{times}10^{-4}{Omega}cm and optical transmittance of 85% in visible range. As a result of experiments, we provides a suggestition that ZnO thin Films can be effectively used as the DSSC substrate Materials.


An affectively driven music generation system is described and evaluated. The system is developed for the intended eventual use in human-computer interaction systems such as brain-computer music interfaces. It is evaluated for its ability to induce changes in a listeners affective state. The affectively-driven algorithmic composition system was used to generate a stimulus set covering 9 discrete sectors of a 2-dimensional affective space by means of a 16 channel feedforward artificial neural network. This system was used to generate 90 short pieces of music with specific affective intentions, 10 stimuli for each of the 9 sectors in the affective space. These pieces were played to 20 healthy participants, and it was observed that the music generation system induced the intended affective states in the participants. This is further verified by inspecting the galvanic skin response recorded from participants.


The influence of exercise on left ventricular diastolic filling was evaluated in 14 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 14 normal controls (NC) by dynamic exercise echocardiography. Using X‐Y digitizer and computer, normalized peak rate of change of the left ventricular dimension during systole (pVs) and the rapid filling phase (pVd) were determined from the left ventricular echocardiograms at rest and during exercise when heart rate reached 100 beats/min.


There is a current debate among researchers and clinicians in the field of muscle and CF around the question of an intrinsic skeletal muscle dysfunction in CF. This debate takes its origins about twenty years ago but has gained a renewed interest with the discovery few years ago of CFTR expression in the animals and humans skeletal muscles (e.g. Divangahi et al, Plos Genet 2009; Lamhonwah et al. Annals of neurology 2010). Expression of a deficient CFTR in the skeletal muscles of people with CF could lead to several negative scenario leading for instance to ionic homeostasis dysregulation, dysregulation of production/utilization of some metabolites (e.g. PCr), that may finally induce early/exaggerated muscle fatigability and exercise intolerance. In a clinical perspective, if such scenarios are true, it means that it will be harder to fully restore skeletal muscle function of these patients, even if correcting for the usual muscle atrophy observed in these patients.


During the past 60 years a number of atypical cases of Huntington's chorea have been described in which rigidity and akinesia were the dominating symptoms (1-4). These cases are seen predominantly in children and young adults, In a family with several typical cases of Huntington's chorea two brothers were found who had the rigid and akinetic type of the disease. Case 1.-This patient is a former bricklayer who at the age of 19 years first noticed clumsiness of finger movements and unsteady gait. During the following years he developed progressive mental deterioration, dysarthria and universal rigidity. During the initial phase of the disease there were choreiform movements of the fingers. When we examined him at the age of 31 years he exhibited universal akinesia, dysarthria, intellectual impairment and pronounced rigidity of the cogwheel type. There were slight athetotic movements of the fingers and a Parkinson-like posture and gait. Psychological testing revealed an IQ of 63. A pneumo-encephalogram showed atrophy of the cerebral cortex and dilatation of the ventricular system, especially of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles indicating that the caudate nuclei were decreased in size. The serum copper and the urinary copper excretion were normal. Case 2.--In early childhood this patient developed severe behavioural disturbances and gradually became intellectually impaired and dysarthric. When he was 15 years old, he was admitted to a mental hospital. He was then oligomimic and dysarthric. Severe universal rigidity and athetoid movements of the toes were seen, but no other involuntary movements were observed. A pneumo-encephalogram showed enlargement of the ventricular system, particularly of the lateral ventricles and a rather pronounced cortical atrophy. During the last few years of his life violent choreatic movements occurred. He died at the age of 23 years from bronchopneumonia.


Introduction: Epistaxis is one of the most common ENT emergencies. Causes of epistaxis can be idiopathic, local, or associated with systematic conditions. Anterior rhinoscopy gives a limited view of the nasal cavity. Difficulty in the localization of bleeding points on anterior rhinoscopy is commonly encountered. We often face difficulty in the localization of bleeding points, especially the hidden areas. Nasal endoscopy helps to identify the hidden bleeding points and specifically control the bleeding.
Objective: The main aim of our study was to visualize bleeding points and demonstrate the efficacy of nasal endoscopy in identifying the bleeding site and controlling epistaxis without nasal packing.
Methodology This is a cross-sectional study done on patients who presented to the ENT Outpatient Department with complaints of nasal bleeding. They were evaluated by rigid nasal endoscopy for localization of bleeding points as well as control of epistaxis.
Results: Highest number of cases were seen in the 26-35 years of age group. 69.7% (n=53) patients presented with anterior epistaxis and 28.9% (n=22) had posterior epistaxis. Most of the patients i.e.,57.9 %(n=44) had no obvious abnormality associated with epistaxis, followed by Deviated Nasal Septum with septal spur i.e.,34.2%(n=26). On localizing the bleeding points, 77.6% (n=59) of bleeding points were seen on the septum. 57.9% (n=44) of patients developed epistaxis on the right side. 58% (n=52) of patients were managed with endoscope-assisted chemical cauterization followed by endoscope-associated electro-cauterization using bipolar cautery.
Conclusion: Rigid nasal endoscopy not only helps in localizing bleeding points but also in managing the cases and is gradually replacing conventional techniques like anterior and posterior nasal packing.


The advantages of CPM applied in construction management are analyzed.by practical examples, the CPM and the Gantt chart are compared,this proves that there are still some shortcomings in them and how they would be made up with each other.This paper also points out what must be taken notice of when the CPM was drawn up in documents of tendering. As an advanced method, the CPM should be combined with the Gantt chart in construction management, and it can be especially well used in tendering.


Spirituality has become a significant aspect of organizational culture in today's business environment. The values of spirituality greatly enhance the sense of accomplishment in employees, which resultantly enhances the over all productivity and growth of organizations. For the purpose of study, the responses of 121 Branch managers , area managers and regional managers are recorded through an independent spirituality assessment scale (iSAS) developed by Rojas(2002).The results have shown a significant impact of spirituality on job satisfaction. The limitations and future guide lines for research is also provided.


Colleagues—Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been recognized as one of the most frequent viral opportunistic infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The classic presentation of VZV infection in patients with AIDS is a multidermatomal zoster with or without dissemination. Persistent VZV infections with atypical cutaneous lesions have been recognized with increased frequency [1, 2]. Here we describe the case of an AIDS patient who developed meningoradiculoneuritis while on oral acyclovir given prophylactically at 400 mg twice daily for 8 months after several episodes of multidermatomal zoster. The virus isolated from skin lesions before the start of acyclovir prophylaxis was fully sensitive to acyclovir (isolate 1).


Uses For Borage Oil Healthy Joint, Immune System And Skin Support: Studies have indicated that GLA promotes healthy prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) production, which helps support healthy joints, as well has healthy blood flow and vessel function. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial reported statistically significant support for joint health in subjects supplementing with GLA from borage seed oil. Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, reported that GLA helps support healthy cytokine activity, a mechanism that may be linked to both immune system support and joint health. PGE1 has also been associated with supporting and soothing the skin when used topically or taken orally.*


The author shows that a succession of N random optical layers, whose optical index can assume only two values, allows for a perfect transmission (resonances) at fixed frequency values. The resonant frequencies are computed analytically for a generic probability distribution of disorder and for an arbitrary incidence angle. The arguments can be extended to probability distributions with more than two values.


Dark brown leaf spot of cereal crops caused by the Bipolaris sorokiniana fungus causes significant crop losses worldwide. To create new resistant varieties, it is necessary to use sources with a high level of resistance. In the laboratory of physiology and biotechnology of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, the juvenile resistance of the breeding material of spring barley and spring soft wheat of competitive variety testing to dark brown spot was evaluated. The most toxigenic isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana were preliminarily selected for the production of inoculum, which was used to treat horizontally placed seedlings of the studied cereal samples in the 1-2 leaf phase. The development of the disease was assessed on a scale from 0 to 6. The sources of resistance included highly resistant samples, the damage of which did not exceed 2 points. These are samples of spring barley V19-6718, V21-6723, B25-6260, B33-6315, V33-6767, V34-6713, V40-6828, K-91-2, K104-1, S-106, K-134- 3 and spring soft wheat Altaiskaya 75, K-613-2, K-654-1, K-229-9, K-693-2, K-780-1, K-696-7, KSI-10, of interest for selection for fungal diseases.


Due to the nonlinear and time variant characteristics of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), its control is complicated. Thus, a suitable model is needed for PEMFC to gain higher performance stabilization and control. In this paper, the prediction of complicated behaviour of PEMFC is investigated using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The averaged cell voltage is regarded as the output; the current density and the cell temperature are considered as the inputs of neural networks. The experimental data are utilized for training and testing the networks. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) with one and two hidden layers and Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks are built, optimized, and tested in MATLAB environment. In order to study the efficiency of the neural network model, a comparison of the results is made through the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. It is shown that neural model has better and more accurate prediction results than the SVM model of fuel cell, especially in low current region of fuel cell operation. In addition, the performance prediction of PEM fuel cell neural models with noisy data is carried out in order to check the effect of noise on the optimal structure of networks as well as the robustness of neural models


Iowa City's first 1943 blackoutits third since the beginning of the. \var-dBrkened the communi ty las~ nignt from 10 o'clock to ']0:2:;. Observers believed the blackout to have .l)e'en lifirly successful iu spite of Silme . rpeaSUl'e of confusion causedby tl)e new air raid signals em~~oyed fo~ the first time here. Lack o'f !an'Ul1ru.ity with the new warning itystem r:aused prematu]'C' turMng on of lights when the second plue signal was given, heralding·the secOnd partial blackout and not,' as some believed, the all deal; Throughout the pel-iod of total blackout lights were few. Police offlcials pa£rolling the city in sctuad cars noticed scattered lights here and there, but they were turned out · soon, Emil Trott, CAP observerwho watched the blackout from a plane, reported, that this blackoUt· was not as ~ood as the previous' ones. At least 2 dozen lights, be stated, could be 'seen in eag( Morningside at Muscatine avenue and l\alston creek', dUring the early part at the· blackout. . , 172 SUI Enlisted Reserve Corps Members Ordered to 'Active Duty from May 8 to 13


【Objective】To investigate the main reasons for different calcium intake of adult with different age,gender,and areas in Changsha.【Method】A total of 405 participants more than 20 years old and living in different areas in Changsha were randomly chosen to answer the questionnaires.【Result】The ratio of people surveyed who occasionally,frequently,and never intake calcium consciously were 32%,25% and 43%,respectively,and women were found to be more concerned about calcium intake than men.The ratio of frequent calcium intake was found the highest in the officials and teachers,while the businessman were found to be the lowest ratio.The ratio of frequency calcium intake were not affected with the income level increasing,but were affected with the level of education.Calcium was mainly consumed through food in young adults group and through calcium supplement in the elderly group.【Conclusion】Most of residents began to intake calcium consciously.Officials and education level had influence on calcium intake,but the income and age had impact on the ways of calcium intake.


Salinity is a serious threat for global agriculture. Approximately 100 million hectares of the land worldwide have been adversely affected by salinity (Ghassemi et al., 1995). High exogenous salt concentrations cause an imbalance of the cellular ions resulting in ion toxicity, osmotic stress and production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (Cheeseman 1988; Srivastava et al., 2007; Mishra et al., 2008). ROS are highly reactive and in the absence of any protective mechanism, they can seriously disrupt normal metabolism through oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Salinity in soil poses stressed conditions for the growth of plants. Under natural conditions of growth and development, plants are inevitably exposed to different types of stresses that might cause increased production of Active Oxygen Species (Smirnoff 1993). Antioxidants are compounds that can delay or inhibit the oxidation of lipid or other molecules by inhibiting the initiation ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 2 (2014) pp. 359-367 http://www.ijcmas.com


This paper analyses the security dangers that the wireless sensor networks faces.According to the practical characteristics of the sensor networks,a "distributed cluster authentication defensive system" is designed.The system divides the networks into clusters and brings cluster-authentication-system into the normal sensor networks routing protocol so that when the routing protocol chooses data to transmit the next hop,it is necessary to use the head node of the cluster in advance to confirm the authenticity of the candidated node's cluster-subordinate-identification.The confirmative communication through cluster head node based on PKI 's distributed self-organized system to ensure the authenticity and reliability of cluster identification system.It takes the accustomed Sybil attack for example to introduce the design process of the security system.It gives general evaluation to the security of the system.


Navigational guidance in complex airspaceBarry SchiffTrans World AirlinesAircraft Owners and Pilots AssociationOn August 31, 1986, an Aeromexico DC-9 and a Piper Archer collided atapproximately 6,400 feet over Cerritos, California. Both aircraft wereoperating in the Los Angeles Terminal Control Area (TCA) ,


Regulatory compliance expertise isn't cheap. Bankers can't live without it, yet such a specialized field of knowledge commands a substantial salary. For that reason, five Colorado bankers are trying an expertise-sharing arrangement that may catch on elsewhere. Former banker Bonny Davis shuttles between community banks in north-central Colorado, serving as the banks' main source of compliance advice. Formerly with United Bank of Denver, Davis owns her own consulting firm in Fort Collins, Colo., which she opened after leaving Norwest Bank, Denver, which had acquired United. Davis was a senior auditor and also reviewed the bank's loan portfolio. "They call me the circuit rider," says Davis. Each bank has an officer responsible for compliance, but it's Davis who is expected to keep the banks up to speed on the latest regulatory developments and requirements. Prior to the current arrangement, Davis did part-time compliance work for James Heaberlin, president of Poudre Valley Bank, Fort Collins, which is one of the five banks in the arrangement. With $10 million in assets, Poudre Valley Bank is the smallest institution in the group. "Because of the excessive pressure of the regulators, we had to hire a compliance specialist from the outside," says Heaberlin. "With a staff of eight people, you just can't segregate duties to the extent you'd like to." At the same time, Heaberlin was beginning to meet with other community bankers to discuss ways of pooling resources in order to cut costs. Compliance was among the more complicated--and expensive--areas for the banks, so they agreed to hire an expert and share the expenses. Several candidates were interviewed, including Davis, who won the contract. The bankers drew up a job description and settled on how the salary cost would be divided. One half of Davis's salary is split evenly among the five participating banks. The banks contribute to the other half based on their asset size. The larger banks, therefore, which would require more hours on site, would pay a proportionately higher percentage than the smaller participants. The funds are collected upfront at the beginning of the contract year by Carey Salomonson, president of Berthoud National Bank ($36 million in assets), and are distributed monthly to Davis. If one of the banks requires more hours than are built into the arrangement, then Davis bills the bank separately for that time. "She has to be something of a disciplinarian," says Salomonson, "because the banks would want her to do more than her job description calls for." Although Berthoud National Bank is the only bank regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, Davis uses that agency's audit programs, or tailored versions of them, for all of the banks. "They are the most conservative and the most thorough," she says. What about exam conflicts? Banks that are to be examined automatically move to the top of Davis's priority list. But what happens when two of the five banks are to be examined at the same time? "That happened twice this summer," says Davis. "I just burn up the road between those banks," she explains. The farthest distance between any two banks is 40 minutes by car. "I show up when the examiners show up," says Davis, "get them coffee, a comfortable place to work, and my notebooks on the bank, and stick around long enough to answer their initial questions. Then I leave a number where I can be reached and run down the road to the other bank." Under normal circumstances, Davis stays at the bank throughout the exam to help the process run smoothly. …


Industry has experienced an important growth during last decades, improving life quality standards in general. However, such development has brought forth important challenges related to safety issues and environmental impact of the industrial activities. In this sense, industries have received pressure to apply strategies to reduce their environmental impact and produce in an environmentally friendly manner. However, waste generation cannot be completely avoided, and an apropriate managing of waste treatment is crucial in order to reduce the overall impact. Precisely, the industrial waste treatment management stands for an end-of-pipe problem involving effluents, which contain contaminants originated from industrial activities. Indeed, waste streams must meet discharge constraints imposed by environmental regulations before being disposed of in the environment. Thus, waste treatment plants comprise several technologies, and treatment allocation decisions are usually taken based on company-specific selection criteria. Therefore, there is a large amount of data and information to be collected and organized, and the choice of the adequate option for an entire manufacturing site with hundreds of continuously changing effluents becomes an overwhelming task. This work presents a decision support system based on ontological modelling for representing waste treatment plants and improving the assessment of the plant performance by using information quality. Thus, the proposed system provides the operational and logistic functions of the plant with accurate information for optimization based techniques, which may lead to better solutions.


Sensor systems are very important in all kinds of robotics. In this article we describe physical principles of typical sensors, which can be used for small mobile robot. These sensors are compass, accelerometer, ultrasonic distance sensor and odometry. Each of the sensors has its own communication protocol, so there was created electrical module, which transforms each sensor's communication to one type. USART and I2C bus are used for communication with master module. This module also allows making parallel measurements of the sensors, which allow shorter sampling period, than serial one. After the creation of this module, there were measured errors of each sensor and evaluated by STN EN 60 770 standard.


In the field of English teaching and learning, it is always advocated that monolingual teaching and learning mode be used in classroom. But in daily teaching practice, many college English teachers may apply more flexible bilingual teaching means. It is necessary for us to apply the positive transfer of Chinese to our college English teaching and learning, not only for our college English teaching content, but also for the particularity of our teaching purpose and teaching target.


This subject is presented on the basis of the following fundamental facts, which are assumed to be established and acceptable by those who have had the largest opportunities for studying tuberculous diseases in man, and who know the scope and limitations of surgery as a remedy for such diseases. PREMISES Tuberculous patients, particularly those with pulmonary tuberculosis, are always "substandard" surgical risks, and must always be so regarded when surgical measures are contemplated for their relief. The delicate "balance of power" 1 existing between the disease and the resistance is easily disturbed, and the scales may be turned unfavorably by surgical operations through exposure, shock, loss of blood, undue prolongation of an unwisely chosen anesthetic, inspiration or other forms of pneumonia following anesthetics; lowered resistance and diffusion to new and previously uninfected fields, postoperative mixed infection, injudicious use of so-called "drainage," lack of a proper appreciation of the paramount


Since the eruption of the global financial crisis in 2008, macroprudential regulation has become a mantra in the regulatory world. The soon-to-be-widespread adoption of macroprudential tools will inevitably affect the dynamics of the economy and consequently have a direct bearing on the conduct of monetary policy. This paper explores theoretically several issues surrounding the interplay between macroprudential regulation and monetary policy. Among the key issues examined are the economic stabilization role of rule-based macroprudential policy, the implications of a countercyclical capital requirement on the monetary transmission mechanism, and the optimal policy combination.


This paper presented an ant colony algorithm based on mutation index for the test-suite reduction.By using mutation index of genetic algorithm,this method based on the basic ant colony algorithm increased searching randomness,rapidness and global convergence.It also overcame the defects of precocity and stagnation.Experimental results demonstrated that this method can be effective in reducing the size of the test-suite and the cost of regression testing.


This paper attempts to improve the theoretical framework of Kress van Leeuwen's visual grammar by taking its relation with Systemic Functional Grammar into consideration.The study shows that visual grammar's disadvantages mainly lie in the following four aspects:1)there are overlaps among the three main processes in narrative representation;2)the structure of contact is the rigid imitation of "offering" and "demanding" in functional grammar,and inconsistent with the real situation;3)the design of modality is not systemic;4)the social property of an element in a picture is neglected during the process of judging its importance.Then this paper improves the above four aspects respectively based on Systemic Functional Grammar.


Mervyn King may well have written the most important book to come out of the financial crisis. … Agree or disagree, King's arguments deserve the attention of everyone from economics students to hea...


This paper examines the professional socialization of undergraduate sociology majors with a focus on research training. The first section of the paper argues that strong professional socialization requires a cumulative curriculum that provides students with a solid set of research skills designed to build the sociological imagination. Next, the paper presents data that explore the structuring of research training in the undergraduate major nationwide and the extent to which this training follows recommendations on study in-depth within our discipline. Finally, a case study is presented that illustrates how to integrate research training throughout a cumulative curriculum in undergraduate sociology.


Comparisons of integral helium production measurements with predictions based on ENDF/B Version IV cross sections have been made. It is concluded that an ENDF/B helium production cross section file should be established in order to ensure a complete and consistent cross section evaluation to meet accuracies required for LMFBR, CTR, and LWR applications. 1 figure, 1 table. (auth)


The massive sulphide ore from the Hongtoushan deposit are composed mainly of pyrite,pyrrhotite,chalcopyrite,sphalerite,quartz,hornblende and biotite.As starting material,the ore was dried and mounted in a tri -axial stress machine.The experiment started with stepwise raise of axial pressure,confining pressure and temperature,and stopped when these parameters reached 1276 MPa,414 MPa and 350°C,respectively.Then,the sample was cooled in air to room temperature.The run product was characterized by cataclasis of pyrite and quartz,and plastic deformation of pyrrhotite,chalcopyrite,sphalerite and mica.As veins and networks,remobilized chalcopyrite,pyrrhotite and minor sphalerite cut pyrite porphyroclasts.This experiment shows that fluids released by fluid inclusions in response to tectonic stress are sufficient to cause mobilization and remobilization of ore materials even though no external water is added.


The present invention provides a liquid discharge apparatus that can prevent an exhaust from an intake and exhaust section from reaching a movement section which moves the liquid discharge section. The liquid discharge apparatus includes a recording unit (53) that discharges an ink, an UV irradiation unit (54) that has an intake port (104), an exhaust port (105), an internal flow path which is communicated with the intake port (104) and the exhaust port (105), and a filter which catches the ink, and an X axis movement section (32) that supports the recording unit (53) and the UV irradiation unit (54), and moves the recording unit (53) and the UV irradiation unit (54) in an X axis direction, in which the UV irradiation unit (54) is supported by the X axis movement section (32) on a rear side, and the exhaust port (105) faces a front side.


Due to the complexity of modern power distribution network, a hybridization of heuristic method which is called as Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) is introduced to identify the open and closed switching operation plans for network reconfiguration. The objectives of this work are to reduce the power losses and improve the voltage profile in the overall system meanwhile minimizing the computational time. The proposed combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Evolutionary Programming (EP) is introduced to make it faster in order to find the optimal solution. The proposed method is applied and it impacts to the network reconfiguration for real power loss and voltage profiles is investigated respectively. The proposed method is tested on a IEEE 33-bus system and it is compared to the traditional PSO and EP method accordingly. The results of this study is hoped to help the power engineer to configure the smart and less lossed network in the future.


Industrial effluents contaminated with heavy metals contain various kinds of compounds that can be considered as "impurities" in the metal-removal process. These could be light metal ions, surfactants and chelating agents and that may significantly affect the performance of the biosorption process. In this study the effect of NaCl, as a model impurity, on the uptake of chromium(VI) and vanadium(V) was experimentally investigated and mathematically modeled. Increasing concentrations of NaCl suppressed the uptake of both metals. The extended Langmuir model was used to describe the experimental results. The impurities, Na and Cl in this study, were considered as a single "fictitious" component. The model was successfully used for prediction and simulation of biosorption isotherm under different conditions of biosorption.


Besides FFA, the deodorizer distillate also contains some valuable minor components. These include tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols, squalene, carotenoids etc. Depending on the refining conditions, tocopherol and phytosterol concentrations in the deodorizer distillate may vary between 2-20%. Tocopherols and phytosterols are known to have positive nutritional properties and are used today as active ingredients in many types of functional foods. Deodorizer distillates with a high concentration of these components (e.g. obtained from chemical refining) therefore have a significantly higher economical value.


We define 48 allozyme loci for a tropical pioneer tree species, Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol, which has high contents of secondary compounds. Our goals were to find the effects of extraction procedures on artifacts and variation in resolution of enzyme banding patterns; to explore the relationship among the variation of the loci sampled and the enzymes' molecular structure, metabolic function and substrate; to obtain estimates of the genetic variation in this species at Los Tuxtlas rain forest (México) and to explore the variation of allelic frequencies in six successive life‐history stages of the species.


The ground state (GS) properties of the ferrimagnetic quasi-one-dimensional $AB_{2}$ Hubbard model are calculated taking the effects of charge and spin quantum fluctuations on equal footing. Using a functional integral approach, combined with a perturbative expansion in the strong-coupling regime, we derive the Lagrangian density associated with the charge (Grassmann fields) and spin [$SU(2)$ gauge fields] degrees of freedom. In the strong-coupling regime ($U\gg t,$ where $U$ is Coulomb repulsion and $t$ is the first-neighbor hopping amplitude), we obtain a perturbative low-energy theory suitable to describe the ferrimagnetic phase at half filling and in the hole-doped regime. At half filling, by applying a perturbative expansion in powers of $1/S$ (spin-wave analysis), we find that the GS energy, sublattice magnetizations, and Lieb total spin per unit cell of the quantum Heisenberg model are in good agreement with previous results. In the challenging doped regime, we obtain the corresponding $t\textrm{-}J(=4t^{2}/U)$ Hamiltonian. Notably, our analytical results for the GS energy and total spin per unit cell as a function of hole doping away from half filling are in very good agreement with recent numerical estimates, particularly in the regime where the Nagaoka phenomenon is not manifested. In fact, in this regime, charge and spin quantum fluctuations are practically decoupled, as numerically indicated by the formation of charge-density waves in anti-phase with the modulation of the ferrimagnetic structure.


Abstract From the two-fluid plasma theory, we derived a kind of current in differentially moved plasma. The current is from the different viscosities between electrons and ions. The higher temperature and lighter mass of the electrons make the viscosity of electrons much stronger than ions. In this way, the electrons will have smaller velocity than ions in the differentially moved layer and contribute a net current in the plasma. The value of the current depends on the temperature and density of electrons in the plasma and the differential velocity ∇2v.


September 2019 • Volume 129 • Number 3 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org e69 DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002440 A 36-year-old man presented to our emergency department with gunshot wounds to the left upper extremity and left chest. His airway, neurologic status, and hemodynamics were normal. Chest radiography showed an intrathoracic bullet overlying the cardiac silhouette. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination revealed a pericardial effusion in the subcostal 4-chamber view. In such cases of penetrating thoracic trauma at our institution, we use transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) cautiously when the presence of esophageal injury is unknown. After median sternotomy and pericardial dissection along a palpable defect, no bullet was found in the pericardial cavity. A single injury to the left ventricular apex was appreciated consistent with both the left chest entrance wound and the bullet's trajectory. Because the location of the bullet and the extent of the injury were unclear, a TEE probe was inserted at this critical operative decision point. In the midesophageal (ME) 5-chamber view, a wellcircumscribed echogenic object was appreciated above the aortic valve measuring 7 × 7 mm with a hypoechoic core. A comet-tail reverberation artifact originated from it and extended into the far field of the image without obscuring evaluation of other vital structures (Figure 1A; (Supplemental Digital Content 1, Video 1, http://links. lww.com/AA/B981). With simultaneous orthogonal views of the aortic root, the bullet was localized within the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva where it appeared immobile and contained (Figure 1B). The aortic walls were examined in multiple views for evidence of discontinuity, abnormal thickening, and increased aortic tissue echogenicity from an intramural hematoma, and endothelial disruption consistent with dissection. The left and right main coronary arteries were identified in the ME AV short axis (SAX) view at the 1 and 6 o'clock positions without evidence of disruption, luminal narrowing, or flow acceleration by color flow Doppler that would have been consistent with coronary artery dissection. In the ME MV LAX view, an eccentric posteriorly directed mitral regurgitation jet of moderate severity from a perforation was seen. Vena contracta measured 0.35 cm (Figure 2; Supplemental Digital Content 1, Video 1, http:// links.lww.com/AA/B981). The patient was fully heparinized, centrally cannulated, and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. After aortotomy, the bullet was found in the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva within the aortic root and removed with no injury in the surrounding structures (Figure 3). The perforation of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was repaired primarily through the aortotomy with trace residual mitral regurgitation (Supplemental Digital Content 2, Video 2, http://links.lww.com/AA/B982), and the left ventricular injury was oversewn. The patient did not experience any esophageal symptoms and was discharged home on postoperative day 4.


In many countries world-wide, one of the main tools for improving the prospects for biodiversity conservation is the use of Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES)type incentives which reward private landowners and managers for actions which increase some metric of biodiversity on their land. This type of monetary incentive typifies many of the agri-environment schemes offered to farmers under Pillar 2 of the Common Agricultural Policy, and is intended to be the basis for UK agricultural support under the new Environmental Land Management initiative.


Abstract The feature film In Bruges is examined for themes of judgement and atonement and related to the current preoccupations of Generation X.


Paper presented at the 16th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Tempe, Arizona, USA, 30 October 2018 - 2 November 2018


for a bounded linear operator on a Banach space to be strongly compact. The condition requires from the operator that the origin must lie in the interior of its full spectrum and that there must be a total set of vectors at which the local spectral radius is strictly less than the distance from the origin to the boundary of its full spectrum. This condition is then applied to describe a large class of strongly compact, injective bilateral weighted shifts on Hilbert spaces, completing and extending earlier work of Fern andez-Valles


1. INTRODUCTION Is There Any Gender-Egalitarian Society on Earth? The Lahu People Fieldwork Sites Project Development and Methods The Structure of the Book Part I: MYTHOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY 2. "EVERYTHING COMES IN PAIRS": A DYADIC WORLDVIEW "Both One and Two": Pairs as Dyads Twin-Dyads in Origin Myths Blending Femininity and Masculinity in Gendered Ideals The Preeminence of Dyads Conclusion 3. HUSBAND-WIFE DYADS IN THE LIFE CYCLE Wedding as the Rite of Passage to Adulthood The Joint Journey of Married Couples in Life The Reunion of Accomplished Couples in Afterlife Marginalizing Lone Souls Conclusion Part II: Joint Gender Roles 4."HUSBAND AND WIFE DO IT TOGETHER": UNIFYING GENDER IN LABOR Procreation Ideologies Pregnancy and Childbirth Child Rearing "Work Hard to Eat" Conclusion 5. "MALE-FEMALE CO-HEADS": UNIFYING GENDER IN LEADERSHIP "Male-Female Masters of the Household" Dyadic Leadership in Village and Village Cluster Conclusion Part III: Structure and anti-Structure 6. UNIFYING GENDER IN KINSHIP AND INTERHOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION Dyadic Ego in Kinship Terminology Household Co-heads and Inter-household Interactions Conclusion 7. THE DISFUNCTION AND COLLAPSE OF GENDER DYADS: DIVORCE, ELOPEPMENT, AND LOVE-PACT SUICIDE Major Threats to Husband-Wife Dyads The Collapse of Marriages Conclusion 8. CONCLUSION: RETHINKING GENDER EQUALITY Gender Equality as Social Reality The Cultural Particularity of Gender Equality The Diversity of Gender Equality REFERENCES CITED


The invention concerns an electroplating plant comprising an electroplating container and a supply container between which the electrolyte circulates. In the supply container the metal content of the electrolyte is supplemented by a soluble anode which is associated with an auxiliary cathode located in an auxiliary catholyte which is separated from the electrolyte by a diaphragm which is impermeable to metallic ions. The insoluble anodes of the electroplating container are located in an auxiliary anolyte separated from the electrolyte by diaphragms which are impermeable to anions. The essential advantage of the invention is that insoluble anodes and necessary organic additives for the production of precision coatings, for example in the field of printed circuit boards, can also be used. According to a particularly advantageous development, the auxiliary catholyte and the auxiliary anolyte are guided in a common circuit such that opposed shifts in the pH value of the auxiliary catholyte and auxiliary anolyte are largely compensated as a result of their being continually mixed.


We report on measurements of transmission spectra of chosen materials (Hexogen, sugar, L-tartaric acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid) in the range 0.7-2.0 THz. The measurements were carried out by means of a setup, which bases on the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) combined with the hot electron bolometer (HEB). The setup consists of the commercially available tunable OPO working in the range 0.7-2.0 THz with repetition rate 53 Hz, duration of the impulse of about 20ns and energy 10nJ. The beam was detected by the fast and sensitive HEB. The spectra were compared to results obtained from a standard time domain spectroscopy (TDS) setup. Only small discrepancies between spectra measured by both methods are observed. For the range 0.7-2.0 THz typical features can be identified using both methods. Above 2 THz the TDS setup seems to have better performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity.


Aiming at settling the problems of fermentation, softening, rotten and short preservative period of Lingwu Changzao jujube cultivar, this paper is focused on the general storage engineering technology, including low temperature + MA +special preservative agent +physiological regulators. Two treatments were conducted: using 10%KDZ+100 μg·g-1 2,4- D, 10% KDZ+1% CaCl2, 10%KDZ+ 100 μg·g-1 GA3 and 24 h fumigation with 1 μL·L-1 1-MCP +10%KDZ and stored at 0 ℃ and the other treated with absolute KDZ under 0 ℃ as control. The results showed that: the better effects were observed in the treatments with KDZ+1-MCP and KDZ+CaCl2 during a storage period of 90 d. At the end of storage the fruit reducing sugar was 12.4%, Vitamin C content separately 2 409 mg·kg-1 and 2 539 mg·kg-1, fine fruit ratio 77.9% and 79.3%; In ad- dition, the fruit were fully plump, freshly colorful, and had delicious flavor, abundant juice of high quality.


The different aspects that should be considered in making decisions on nighttime construction operations are identified and investigated in light of the current state of knowledge and practice. A state-of-the-art review was conducted of the current practices in nighttime operations by highway agencies, the main advantages and disadvantages, and the effect of nighttime shifts on factors such as traffic, construction, society, and the environment. Surveys were sent to state departments of transportation, Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) districts and IDOT contractors. The surveys involved questions about nighttime construction operations in practice and the factors affected by scheduling work during nighttime. An Excel software package that can be used by personnel to make an informed comparison between day shifts and night shifts was developed. This software is to complement other important information available to decision makers in making decisions on nighttime construction operations.


In this research, corner columns of low‐rise residential buildings, which might be unstable and vulnerable to seismic loadings during earthquake due to vertical and horizontal irregularities, are tested under different effects from bending moment and axial force. Here, biaxial loading is focused and developed, representing a rhombus path with 100% force in the main direction, versus 30% force in the perpendicular direction. Two of eight test specimens are subjected to axial compressive force at 30% of column capacity, while other specimens are at 10%. The eight test specimens were constructed with varying transverse reinforcement details, to control the column‐failure mechanism. The objective of this research was to investigate the seismic behavior of the corner columns of low‐rise buildings that used ordinary‐moment‐resisting‐frames (OMRF). The test results were discussed to interpret the effect of biaxial loading on the overall performance of the columns using comparison between global and local responses. It could be very helpful in deeply understanding the seismic behavior of structures which were designed in accordance with OMRF requirements. Furthermore, this information might affect decisions about using intermediate‐moment‐resisting frames or special‐moment‐resisting frames, where more demanding seismic requirements are applied.


Many stakeholders in the scholarly communication system have cause to seek broader access to information and are experimenting with more open, Internet-based alternatives to traditional publishing. Although the transition won't be easy or inexpensive, it is inevitable.


Digital forensics and cyber crime investigations are continually growing, rapidly changing fields requiring law enforcement agencies to meet very rigorous training requirements. New opportunities for committing criminal activity against persons, organization or property are presented every day with the proliferation of personal digital devices, computers, the internet, computer networks, and automated data systems. Whether the crime involves attacks against computer systems, electronic information, or more traditional crimes such as murder, money laundering or fraud, electronic evidence is becoming more prevalent. It is no surprise that law enforcement and criminal justice officials are being overwhelmed by the volume of investigations and prosecutions that involve electronic evidence. Fortunately, processes and procedures, as well as a variety of software and hardware tools have been developed to speed up and standardize the recovery of evidence from suspect media. Each of these tools provides specific capabilities within certain specialized areas. Training in the proper use of these tools is crucial for recovering forensically sound evidence in a manner which will withstand legal scrutiny. It is crucial for the success of future criminal investigations that the law enforcement community has access to timely, inexpensive, and readily available digital forensics and cyber crime investigations training material. This paper describes the development of a modular educational curriculum for training entry-level criminal investigators in the skills necessary to conduct a cyber crime scene investigation and evidentiary collection through the use of digital forensic tools. The curriculum incorporates multiple training methodologies, including instructor-led and multimedia based coursework. The curriculum's instructor-led portion uses a classroom style presentation that provides 8-hours of interactive coursework. The participants are engaged in the actual process of evidence collection and a limited presentation on the uses of the forensic tools that are available to them. Additionally, the coursework is scaled to the user's experience level, broken down to three levels: introductory, intermediate and advanced. The multimedia based coursework is designed to be scalable to a law enforcement agency's needs. The agency has the ability to select from a list of modular curriculum that targets specific needs of an investigator. In addition to the modular framework of the multimedia course, levels of experience are also incorporated. The multimedia coursework will allow the user to actually engage interactively with the materials, simulating a hands-on investigation. This curriculum offers multiple delivery options that law enforcement agencies can take advantage of, regardless of size or geographical disposition. The material in both the instructor-led and multimedia courses are updated to remain timely and keep the user's well versed in the latest use of tools and procedures, insuring the investigative and evidentiary process remain intact.


All organisations are adopting the project-based approach to carry out operational and business activities. There are many challenges of knowledge management during the project management life cycle because every project has unique characteristics with a changing workforce. Project management involves the leadership and critical decision making which requires the internal and external experts and knowledge. The study is conducted to find out how knowledge management affects leadership and critical decision making in the project management life cycle. The objective of the study is to explore the role of knowledge management in project management and to evaluate the problems of knowledge management in the project management life cycle. In the project management life cycle, much information is generated and experienced. Thus, the study finds out that if the knowledge is not accumulated and recorded correctly, it will be lost and cannot use in future projects. Leadership and critical decision making are affected by knowledge management. Thus, to ensure the best leadership and better decision making there must be proper knowledge management.


Several techniques have been used to repair lacerated canaliculi with varying success in achieving functional results. In this communique, we describe a new procedure using a modified Johnson silver wire lacrimal rod.


Introduction. There are many change happened bacause aging to the muskuloskleletal, some of them are limitedness movement, muscle stiffen and finally cause low back pain. One of the nurse intervention to reduce low back pain (LBP) is doing back exercise : Mc. Kenzie Extension Excise Method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mc. Kenzie Extension Exercise to elderly with the low back pain in Hisosu Binjai Resident Home. Method. The research design was quasi experiment with the pre –post test group approach. The sample of this study were recruited with consecutive sampling as much as 28 people. This study used The Pain Numerical Rating Scale to evaluate levels of pain intensity perceived by the patient. The data was analyzed by Paired sample t-test with significance α <0.05. Result. The study found that there was significant differences of the low back pain (p< 0.05).The results of this study will contribute to better management of this population. In addition, compare the other back exercise include William Flexion of elderly in Hisosu Binjai Resident Home is recommended.

Key words : back exercise, elderly, low back pain, mc. kenzie extension


The development on newer healthcare services for the elderly citizens has become an immediate necessity today. There have been distinctive health challenges focused in the society through technical innovations. Most of the elderly people today experiences loneliness and psychological depressions, either as a result of living alone/ abandonment or due to reduced connection with their children and relatives. To enhance the quality of services in the elderly healthcare system we have developed a ubiquitous intuitive IoT-based (Internet of Things) Help to You (H2U) healthcare system to integrate various technologies of wearable devices, biosensors and wireless sensor networks in order to provide an intensive service management platform. This method would support the real time activity and monitor the healthcare system for the elderly citizens. In this method the information collected by various wearable devices in real time are stored in the central database which thereby connects people, doctors, and practitioner at the time of an emergency for the right information. This way the system could increase accessibility, efficiency, and also lower the health expenses to improve the comfort and safety as well as management of daily routines of an elderly life.


Objective
To optimize the culture medium for scarless wound healing in outbred fetal Kunming (KM) mice, and to locate and preliminarily analyze the region with active cell proliferation.

Methods
After 6 pregnant mice were sacrificed at the gestational age of 15 days, a total of 180 skin grafts were obtained from the back of 60 fetal mice, and wounds on the skin grafts were made uniformly with minimally invasive sterile device. Then, these skin grafts with wounds were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups to be treated with high-glucose Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium (DMEM) , DMEM+ 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) , DMEM+ 10% FBS, low-glucose Eagle′s minimum essential medium (MEM) , MEM+ 5% FBS, and MEM+ 10% FBS for 3 days, respectively. Then, these skin grafts were embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound, and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to select the optimal culture condition for wound healing. Under the optimal culture condition, the region with active cell proliferation was located by labeling and tracking cutaneous stem cells with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) , and activator protein-1 (AP-1) expression was detected by immunofluorescent staining.

Results
After 3-day cultivation, wound healing rates significantly differed among the DMEM group, DMEM+ 5% FBS group, DMEM+ 10% FBS group, MEM group, MEM+ 5% FBS group and MEM+ 10% FBS group (0, 3.33%, 6.67%, 3.33%, 46.67% and 26.67%, respectively, χ2= 41.39, P < 0.05) . Additionally, the MEM+ 5% FBS group showed a significantly higher wound healing rate than the other groups except the MEM+ 10% FBS group (all P < 0.01) . Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of basal medium (MEM: OR= 11.717, 95% CI: 3.274-41.934, P < 0.001) and FBS concentrations (5% FBS: OR= 24.625, 95% CI: 3.027-200.299, P= 0.003; 10% FBS: OR= 13.449, 95% CI: 1.618-111.813, P= 0.016) were factors influencing fetal wound healing. Under the culture condition of 5% FBS+ MEM, the dermis and epidermis healed well without epidermal thickening. The cutaneous stem cell labeling technique showed that the papillary dermis and basal layer of the epidermis were the two major regions with active cell proliferation in the wound of fetal mouse skin. Moreover, AP-1 was expressed abundantly in these two regions as well.

Conclusions
The culture condition of 5% FBS+ MEM is considered to be optimal for in vitro wound healing in fetal mice. The papillary dermis and basal layer of the epidermis are two major regions with active cell proliferation during wound healing in fetal mouse skin, and play important roles in wound healing process.

Key words:
Wound healing; Cicatrix; Transcription factor AP-1; Scarless wound healing; Fetal mice


The Moon Mineralogy Mapper's (M3) is a high uniformity and high signal-to-noise ratio NASA imaging spectrometer that is a guest instrument on the Indian Chandrayaan-1 Mission to the Moon. The laboratory measured spectral, radiometric, spatial, and uniformity characteristics of the M3 instrument are given. The M3 imaging spectrometer takes advantage of a suite of critical enabling capabilities to achieve its measurement requirement with a mass of 8 kg, power usage of 15 W, and volume of 25X18X12 cm. The M3 detector and spectrometer are cooled by a multi-stage passive cooler. This paper presents early M3 performance assessment results.