Treatments were applied to 8 tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied dilute to runoff using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering from 2.7 to 4.2 gal spray/tree or 262 to 407 gal/acre, depending upon foliage present and weather conditions. Trees were 25 yr-old, 10 ft high, spaced 15 by 30 ft, and on the EMU rootstock. The EXP-60145A treatments were all tested in a seasonal program with sprays applied at pink, 4 May, petal fall, 22 May, and in cover sparys on 7 Jun, 22 Jun, 7 Jul, 24 Jul, 8 Aug, and 24 Aug. DB-8518829 was applied 4 May, 22 Jun, and 8 Aug, while Imidan was applied at 24.0 oz/100 gal on 22 May and 7 Jun, and 16.0 oz/100 gal on 7 Jul, 24 Jul, and 24 Aug. Danitol was applied 4 May, 22 May, 7 Jul, and 8 Aug, with Guthion applied in the remaining cover sprays. Orthene was applied 4 May and 8 Jun with Guthion applied in the remaining sprays. Additional treatments included; Morestan applied 4 May along with Guthion and followed by Guthion in all succeeding sprays; Andalin 2.1 L applied at the 4 and 8 oz/100 gal rates on 22 Jun with Guthion in all other sprays starting at 22 May; Andalin 1 L at 8 oz on 22 Jun followed by Andalin 2 L 8 oz/100 gal on 24 Jul, with Guthion in other cover sprays; and Safer Insecticidal Concentrate plus Sunspray oil 6 E + applied 22 May, 8 Jun, and 7 Jul. Applications over the entire block primarily for disease control included: Agway Spray oil 6 E 1 gal/100 plus Supracide 2 E 1 qt/100 gal plus Difolatan 80 S 5 lb/100 gal, 11 Apr; Rubigan 1 EC 3.0 oz/acre plus Dithane M45 80 W 1.5 lb/acre, 4 May and 14 May; Rubigan 1 EC 9 oz/acre plus Dithane M45 80 W 6 lb/acre, 24 May and 1 Jun; Nova 60 W 2 oz/acre; 8 Jun; Polyram 80 DF 4 lb/acre, 23 Jun; Manzate 200 80 DF 4 lb/acre; 15 Jul; and Benlate 50 W 6 oz/acre plus Captan 50 W 6 lb/acre, 17 Aug. Naphthaleneacetic acid (Klingtite formulation) was applied in thinning sprays on 25 May using from 42 to 96 ml/100 gal, depending upon the cultivar and apparent fruit set. European apple sawfly and plum curculio were evaluated prior to "Jun drop" by examining all of the fruits in 50 fruiting clusters on one Greening' tree/plot on 5 Jun. Apple aphid and/or spirea aphids were evaluated by examining 25 terminals for the presence of live aphid colonies on one 'McIntosh' tree/plot on 2 Jun and 10 Jun. Rosy apple aphids were evaluated in a similar manner on 2 Jun using 'Cortland' as the cultivar. Spotted tentiform leafminer was evaluated 19 Jun by counting the number of mines on 25 'McIntosh' leaves/plot. White apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs on 25 'Empire' leaves/plot on 14 Jun. Insect damage to the fruit was assessed at harvest by examining 100 fruits/cultivar/plot from 'Jersey Mac', 4 Aug; 'McIntosh', 18 Sep; and 'Golden Delicious', 26 Sep. 'Golden Delicious' fruit finish was evaluated using a russet rating from 1 (best finish) to 3 (worst finish). Temperatures were generally cooler than normal due to the continually overcast conditions found during much of the summer. An extended bloom period resulted in greater than normal insect pressure especially from European apple sawfly and plum curculio. Rainfall was above normal during May, Jun and Aug.


Aco sy im se es im A ca ha po ar de K ar m ha si co th sy se ch [2 pr fa re of m dy ca pu fo im sy su bstract — omponents a ystem (AIS) mmune syst election and ssay thoroug Based on t mplemented As a smart v apable of det ave the abi


First we introduce,briefly,the origin,classification and fundamentals of spectra]methods,and we give the basic idea of spectral and pseudo-spectral methods.Then,we introduce discrete Fourier collocation.Last,a class of solutions of 2D Navier-Stokes equtations is presented by introduced the stream functionψ,and we use discrete Fourier collocation to approximate the solutions.


This study enhances the growing research field of Cultural Finance by analyzing the relationship between cultural value types – in particular Autonomy and Embeddedness – and the corporate debt choice of either bank or bond financing. We derive our hypotheses from a slight modification and re-interpretation of the Chemmanur and Fulghieri (1994) approach of "relationship lending". Referring to the importance of specific human capital investments and individuals' future orientation, we show that firms in Autonomy cultures tend toward bank finance, whereas firms in Embeddedness cultures show a preference for financing by issuing bonds. In a cross-country analysis with 71 countries, we find empirical evidence for our established hypotheses.


This report explores a scenario in which burial containers fail and fissile material is transported through the tuff by water to some location, away from the burial site, where an over-moderated critical mass gradually accumulates. Because of the low solubilities of plutonium and uranium, and the low ground water velocities, the analysis shows that such a scenario with {sup 239}Pu is probably impossible because the time required to accumulate a critical mass is large compared with the half-life of the {sup 239}Pu. In the case of {sup 235}U, the analysis indicates that the accumulation rates are so low that relatively small fission power levels would consume the {sup 235}U as fast as it accumulates, and that the thermal conductivity of the tuff is large enough to prevent a significant increase in temperature. Thus, the conditions for the removal of water by boiling and the associated autocatalytic increase in reactivity are not met in the case of {sup 235}U. An explosive release of energy does not appear to be possible. A simple water voiding model, which allows water removal at about the fastest possible rate, was used to explore a scenario in which the fuel accumulation rate was arbitrarily increased enough to cause water boiling and the associated dryout of the tuff. Calculations for this case indicate that disruption of the tuff, leading to a neutronic shutdown, would probably occur before an explosive energy release could be generated. Additional scenarios, which should be investigated in future work are identified.


Abstract We estimated exclusion and survival rates of fathead minnow Pimephales promelas exposed to four configurations of a high-velocity inclined profile-bar screen. These screens are functionally different from conventional positive-barrier designs because fish behavior and swimming ability are not design considerations. We tested screens inclined at 45° or 60° that had 1.0-mm or 0.5-mm slot widths and used 5–45-mm total length fathead minnow released high or low in the water column. The exclusion rate for 45.0-mm and 22.5-mm fathead minnow was 100%. Survival of 45.0-mm fish was 88%; latent mortalities were attributable to nonscreen causes. Survival of 22.5-mm fish was 100%. Exclusion rates for high- and low-release 12.5-mm fathead minnow were nearly 100%. Survival rates for high-release 12.5-mm fathead minnow were 62– 86% and were similar to or higher than those for low-release fish (15–71%). Exclusion rates of 7.5-mm and 5.0-mm fathead minnow in tests with the 0.5-mm screen were 88–95% regardless of ...


This paper analyzes a DFIG (doubly fed induction generator) WT (wind turbine) fault current after a symmetrical network voltage dip. The goal is to identify the factors determining how fast the first zero crossings of the fault current occur. This is an important subject because the fundamental property of the CB (circuit breaker) is that it breaks the current when the current is very near zero. The study was conducted using a hardware-in-the-loop test environment constructed using two real time simulators (dSPACE and RTDS) and a commercial protection relay. It is found that the reactive current injection during a voltage dip demanded by the grid codes enhances the operation of the WT protection because the zero crossings of the currents through CB are attained earlier. In addition, the size of the crowbar resistance has a significant influence on the zero crossings.


Aiming at the hidden dangers on the currently applied GFX-3 system of auto-passing the phase division it is neccessary to design a new better system.Based on the GFX-3 system,two redundant modules are added to increase accuracy locating accuracy and reliability of the system and they are GPS positioning module and time monitoring module.Programing by using the visual software VB6.0 to create HCI.Through HCI,the status information of locomotive running and passing the phase division would be sent to driver in real time more directly.Therefore driver may operate the locomotive more effectively.


rent acute and chronic pancreatitis led by David C. Whitcomb, MD, PhD, from the University of Pittsburgh. The NAPS2 meeting included an analysis of recruitment benchmarks and ascertainment challenges, safety monitoring and interim results. The study was felt to be on target to reach recruitment goals of 1,000 subjects plus controls by the completion of the study. Initial analysis of the data promises a number of major fi ndings that will help defi ne susceptibility and progression of chronic pancreatitis as well as factors that determine disease severity and quality of life. It was also stressed that these accomplishments required a large number of patients outside of a multicenter setting. The second investigators meeting was for PANDA, a molecular diagnosis study targeting malignant pancreatic cysts using EUS and led by Asif Khalid, MD, from the University of Pittsburgh. The study is in the initial stages but recruitment is running ahead of schedule at several major centers. Both of these studies served as an example to the Pancreasfest participants of successful models of multi-center studies. The fourth program was the Second Pancreas ThoughtLeaders Conference . The participants included the principal pancreas experts from major universities and clinical programs from across the United States, selected young investigators and members of the GI and Pancreatic Cancer SPORES. The session began with presentations from academic centers on the current problems faced while conducting clinical and translational investigations. The primary issues are cost of recruitment, including administrative overhead fees, time and expense in meeting institutional review board requirements, The city of Pittsburgh was the center of the pancreas world in July 2005 as national leaders from the United States gathered for 5 major programs collectively called Pancreasfest 2005 . The theme of Pancreasfest was 'Enhancing multicenter clinical studies in pancreatic diseases'. Pancreasfest 2005 began with a continuing medical education (CME) program sponsored by the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh. The CME program focused on acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in diagnosing pancreatic diseases with sessions on Detection and Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis , Patients at Risk of Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatic Diseases and EUS . The CME program also included a general session featuring clinical Highlights from DDW . The pancreas sessions were moderated by Adam Slivka, MD, PhD and Kevin McGrath, MD. Nationally known speakers included John Baillie, MD, David C. Whitcomb, MD, PhD, Peter Banks, MD, Peter Cotton, MD, James DiSario, MD, Randall Brand, MD, Michelle Anderson, MD, Nuzhat Ahmad, MD, Julia LeBlanc, MD, Asif Khalid, MD and Steve Edmundowicz, MD. The program was attended by over 150 individuals and the reviews were almost universally 'outstanding'. To set the tone for the remainder of the meeting and to demonstrate study strength and opportunities gained by pooling resources, two investigator meetings were held related to major, ongoing multicenter pancreatic studies. The North American Pancreatitis Study 2 (NAPS2) is a 5-year, 20-center molecular epidemiology study of recurPublished online: December 16, 2005


During the last decade the physical model approach has been leading to a systematic, selfconsistent, mechanistic understanding of the demineralization kinetics of dental enamel reactions in acidic media.1"2 In recent apatite dissolution studies it has aided greatly in defining the exact roles of solution fluoride and strontium and in elucidating the fluoride-strontium-phosphate synergism in retarding acid demineralization.3-5 The proposed model for the tooth-plaquesaliva system is intended to correlate, within the physicochemical framework, the various kinetic factors of the tooth, plaque, and saliva evidenced to be directly or indirectly related to dental caries. In the light of appropriate experimental designs, investigations based on such models often may provide quantitative interrelationships that would not be possible intuitively; this has already been demonstrated in a preliminary study.6


In this paper we describe a new method for solving the Planted Motif Problem that has applications in computational biology. A number of algorithms to solve this problem have been proposed in the past. The largest problem reported solved in the literature is (21, 8). Using the new method we have solved much larger problems, up to a size of (48, 12). The new method is also much faster, and we compare its performance with the best performances reported in the literature.


The complementary direct trade relations between Chinese and U.S.is very close.U.S.financial crisis led to a decline in income levels,depreciation of the dollar and the price level fluctuations within the United States easily through direct trade spillover impact on the formation of China's trade status.As the results,through the income effect,the spillover of the crisis to China's trade status is weak.But through the price effect,it is significant,and specially impacts China's export trade.The impact intensity,duration and decay methods for the response of China's export trade to the U.S.price level,have undergone significant changes.


DEMOCRACY AND INCLUSION: A CRITICAL PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE DISCOURSE OF DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION by Rosemary Rotuno-Johnson Differentiated instruction is a popular instructional framework that seemingly promotes the successful inclusion of students identified with Specific Learning Disabilities into the general education classroom. This dissertation provides a philosophical foundation for inclusion based upon the philosophy of Dewey, particularly his notion of associated living. Next, using critical pragmatic methodology, the discourse of differentiated instruction is deconstructed to reveal the underlying beliefs about knowledge acquisition, equitable educational opportunity, and the educational and social value of community. Finally, suggestions are offered for a reconstructed discourse of differentiated instruction that more explicitly addresses educational inequities, the importance of culturally relevant pedagogy, and active community building in classrooms. These three elements are required for a conception of inclusion based upon Dewey's notion of associated living. DEMOCRACY AND INCLUSION: A CRITICAL PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE DISCOURSE OF DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION


Paternoster reviews the history of execution in the US, the laws concerning capital punishment, and the arguments for and against the death penalty. He shows that the cost of executing a prisoner may actually be higher than jailing him for life, and that capital punishment as a deterrant is ineffective. Life imprisonment, he argues, without the possibility of parole and with mandatory restitution to the victim's family is a more effective policy than the death penalty. This sentence punishes the criminal, protects the public, save the taxpayer money and may ease the financial suffering of the victim's survivors. More importantly, such a policy would ensure that the goverment does not execute innocent people.


The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of strategy, mathematics anxiety and their interaction on mathematical creativity of school students. A total of 111 class IX students participated in the study. Out of which, 59 were taught with the strategy for fostering mathematical creativity developed during the study, and 52 were considered for the control group and continued with the routine mathematics classroom activities. The strategy for fostering mathematical creativity was found to be effective for developing mathematical creativity. However, mathematics anxiety was a crucial factor, as strategy for fostering mathematical creativity was found to be better suited to students with low mathematics anxiety than students with high mathematics anxiety when groups were matched with respect to pre-mathematical creativity. The study calls for the need to provide increased opportunities for students to increase competency in mathematical creativity.


A new species, Macrobiotus marlenae n. sp., is described from Cyprus. The new species is similar to Macrobiotus persimilis BINDA & PILATO, 1972, M. patagonicus MAUCCI, 1988 and M. polonicus PILATO et al., 2003 but it differs from them mainly by: shorter placoids, lower number of processes on the circumference of the egg and the processes are larger and have undulations under the terminal disc. The new species differs from others also by some morphometric characters of the adults and eggs. Besides M. marlenae n. sp., four other species are reported from Cyprus: Echiniscus testudo (DOYÉRE, 1840), Macrobiotus cf. richtersi MURRAY, 1911, Milnesium tardigradum (DOYÉRE, 1840) and Ramazzottius cf. oberhaeuseri (DOYÉRE, 1840). All are new to Cyprus. A key to identification of the species of the hufelandi group that have a 'smooth' egg surface between processes is also given.


Points of peculiarity in Superfluous Words lie in that it is a new state of Qu Qiu-bai,s soul and the peak of his thought,it is different from most other martyrs' last words written before their deaths either with mixed heart felt wishes or in a depressed keynote,it differs from ordinary revolutionary documents characteristic of subletting and negation,it is also a piece of unique,well-read and ideal-state prose works in the history of contemporary Chinese prose.


A detailed study of 44 accessions representing 38 taxa (76% of the diversity known at present) of pygmy sundews (Drosera sect. Bryastrum) reveals the first naphthoquinone patterns in this lineage, in which previous studies have not yielded reliable evidence for naphthoquinones. While most samples do not display detectable amounts of naphthoquinones as previously reported for the group, ramentaceone is detected in three mutually related taxa, and both ramentaceone and its regio-isomer plumbagin is present in all accessions investigated of D. pulchella.


The stress-strain behavior of a variety of duplex ceramics was measured with the aid of strain gauges attached to the tensile surface of beams in four-point flexure. The duplex materials consisted of a matrix of alumina and, alternatively, of yttria-tetragonal-zirconia composites without (2Y-TZP) and with alumina (3Y-TZP20A). Up to 20 vol% pressure zones of different sizes containing unstabilized zirconia were dispersed within the matrices. Different types of stress-strain behavior were distinguished. The results were compared with microcrack and shear band observations of indented and R-curve specimens.


Objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods : This was an observational study conducted between March 2019 and February 2020 on patients older than 18 years who had symptoms associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia after 48 hours from admission to ICU. All patients were subjected to lung ultrasound examination by an intensive care physician who was not involved in the management of the patients. The final ICU diagnosis was the gold standard and was compared to the lung ultrasound diagnosis. Results: Among 108 patients included in this study 37 of them were confirmed to have pneumonia by the ICU team. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia in the intensive care unit were 94.87 %, 98.55 %, 97.37 %, 97.14 %, and 97.22%. Conclusion : lung ultrasound can be used with high accuracy in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.


In this paper we investigate the simultaneous processing of the emitter junction and the emitter surface passivation by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) from a doped spin-on glass (SOG). Test structures and solar cells of different emitter profiles and surface concentrations were made by diluting two different doped spin-on glass liquids with methanol. By this procedure, oxide thickness and doping can be controled. RTA was performed in an argon atmosphere in the temperature range of 850 OC - 1000 OC for 5 - 60 sec. The results show that emitter surface doping concentration between 1 *loi9 cm" and 3*10" cm-3 and junction depth from 0.1 pm could be obtained. Sheet resistances lower than 150 WO could be easily reached. External quantum efficiency measurements from solar cells, made from CZ and FZ p-type silicon wafers, demonstrate the passivation effect of the remaining SOGfilm. The highest efficiency obtained with this ohmic back contacted cells, which had an oxide thickness of about 70nm, are 12.8%.


In receiver, the output of demodulator is generally ¿soft-bit¿ signal in serial form. While the channel decoder implemented by analog circuits requires parallel decoder implemented by analog circuits requires parallel computation. To decrease the complexity and power consumption of analog decoder, the paper employs 0.6 ¿m CMOS technology to design a two-level pipeline input interface circuit including two important functions: serial-to-parallel conversion and probability splitting. The interface circuit consists of four parts: sampling and holding cell, switch cell, voltage-to-current conversion cell, and probability splitting cell, which make the analog decoder avoid using ADC circuit. Simulation results show that the input interface circuit works well and reduces the chip area and power dissipation compared with that fabricated by traditional method. The maximum speed of the circuit is up to 50 MHz, and the total power consumption is 304.8 ¿W. The interface circuit can be used in implementing the analog decoders for Turbo code and LDPC code.


The paper discusses the ruin probability of discrete risk mode and works out the expressing pattern easier for calculating ruin probability with the claim amount distribution function known.


Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Introduction Pretest 1. Understanding Different Brains 2. The Brain's Key Operating Systems 3. The Argumentative Learner: Oppositional Defiant Disorder 4. The Resigned Learner: Learned Helplessness 5. The Out-of-Control Learner: Conduct Disorder 6. The Demotivated Learner: Stress Disorders 7. The Troubled Learner: Depression 8. The Isolated Learner: Pervasive Developmental Disorders 9. The Challenged Learner: Learning Delayed 10. The Confused Learner: Dyscalculia 11. The Unsound Learner: Central Auditory Processing Disorder 12. The Impulsive Learner: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 13. The Frustrated Learner: Dyslexia Posttest References Index


Twenty seven healthy goats were randomly divided into the following three groups,CdCl2and[(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O]were selected as the source of cadmium and molybdenum.Treatments consisted of control group(no additional Mo and Cd),experimentalⅡandⅢ groups were adminstered 15 mg Mo·kg-1·BW and 45 mg Mo·kg-1·BW with 1mg Cd·kg-1·BW each day.The experimental period was 50 days,liver samples were collected at 0,25,and 50 dwith three goats to observe the effect of metabolism of free radicals mitochondria and Cyt-c mRNA expression in liver.Compared with control group,T-AOC and SOD were significantly decreased(P0.05)in experimental groups,MDA,NO and NOS and mRNA expression of Cyt-c were significantly increased(P0.05).With the increasing experimental day,liver mitochondria T-AOC and SOD were significantly decreased(P0.05),and MDA,NO and NOS and mRNA expression of Cyt-c had a increasing tendency in experiment groups.The result indicated that molybdenum could disturbed metabolism of free radicals in mitochondria of liver and ultimately damnified mitochondria under the cadmium stress,it also induced increased the expression of apoptosis-related gene Cyt-c,the relationship between molybdenum and cadmium showed synergistic effects.


To date, research on organic farming and certification has focused on the production and trade possibilities of the industry. Farmers" opinions are underrepresented and this study endeavours to capture their opinions. In this study, the economic problem is to investigate the low participation of farmers in certified organic farming, highlight the economic benefits which are normally not clearly defined, as well as study the often complicated and frustrating certification process. The main objective is to investigate the determinants, which affect the smallholder farmer"s participation, and to analyse farmers" perceptions of certified organic farming in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The specific focus was on the participation of smallholder farmers in certified organic farming. The dependent variable was participation as measured by a farmer"s decision to either certify their farm or not. The independent variables included factors that make up farmer and farm characteristics, certification and market related characteristics. The study used a standard questionnaire to obtain information from farmers. The research methodology, analysis and the presentation of the study was quantitative. The study used descriptive statistics (percentages, means, standard deviations, Chi-squares and significance intervals) to evaluate the significance of the variables. These were analysed and described quantitatively by making use of EVIEWS and IBM AMOS software. In estimating the influential factors, a probit model was adopted, and in analysing farmer perception, structural equation modelling was used. © University of Pretoria v Descriptive statistics indicated that among farmers interviewed, the majority (61%) were female farmers and 39 per cent were male farmers. Among the female respondents, 46% participated in certified organic farming and 15 per cent of female farmers were not certified organic farmers. From the male group, 29 per cent were certified organic farmers and 7% were not. In determining factors influencing farmer participation, three of the variables were positively associated with the probability of participating in certified organic farming, these being: the age of the farmer, membership to a farmer organisation and market premium prices for certified commodities. The other five significant factors were negatively associated with the probability of participating in certified organic production. These factors were: the gender of the farmer, the farmers" income, farming experience, information access and certification costs. All these factors tended to decrease the likelihood of participating. With the exception of the farmers" income and farming experience, all the significant variables had the expected signs. Farmers" perceptions of certified organic farming were analysed and the results showed that a high percentage of farmers had a positive view of certified organic farming. In other words, the perceived benefits of certified organic farming meet farmers" expectations. The perceived premium price of certified organic products is the most important factor affecting farmer perception. This is not unusual because South Africa"s organic production is mainly focused on exportation and targets high value markets. As hypothesized, the costs associated with the certification process, that is: inspection costs (-0.578) and annual certification costs (-0.719), negatively affect farmer perception. In conclusion, a combination of factors influence a farmer"s decision as to whether or not to participate in certified organic farming. One cannot rely only on specific factors to determine farmers" participation in certified organic farming. Farmer perception of certified organic farming is also an important aspect. The more farmers positively perceive the farming enterprise, the higher the rate of participation will be. The same applies to the perceived costs, which have a negative impact on participation. The study finally recommends that government complete and put into practice the South African organic regulations, which may motivate farmers to get involved in certified organic farming and encourage local capacity building in certified organic farming. However, in the meantime, government should place an © University of Pretoria vi emphasis on self-regulation within farmer groups and cooperatives for organic production, and set up a regulator to monitor the current activities. This would enhance interest from potential farmers, and strengthen consumer confidence. The study further recommends that information on organic farming should be improved by encouraging more research in this area, which will enable farmers, consumers and regulators to access data on socio-economic, production and trade in the industry. Government should support or create a partnership between farmers and processors to establish cost effective processing of organic products and to increase the availability of processed products for market. Government should assist non-certified smallholder organic farmers to become certified, potentially resulting in a price premium for their products and enhancing export capabilities. © University of Pretoria vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................................................... I DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................................................................ II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. III ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................................... IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... VII LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... X LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ XI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Defining organic farming in detail ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Who says it is organic? Where does organic farming come from? Development of organic farming as a farming system ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Extent of certified organic production in developing countries .............................................................. 5 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND JUSTIFICATION ............................................................................. 7 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................ 8 1.4 HYPOTHESES ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 ANALYTICAL METHODS ................................................................................................................ 10 1.6 STUDY AREA ..................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6.1 Overview of the Limpopo Province ..................................................................................................... 10 1.7 DATA AND THE SURVEY ................................................................................................................ 11 1.7.1 Population ............................................................................................................................................. 11 1.7.2 Sample size ........................................................................................................................................... 11 1.7.3 Sampling technique .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.7.4 Data collection ...................................................................................................................................... 12 1.7.5 Survey Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................... 13 1.7.6 Data Variables Collected ...................................................................................................................... 13 1.8 DATA ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 14 1.9 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS .......................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES ON SMALLHOLDER ORGANIC FARMING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ..................................................................................................... 16 2.


Abstract : From his seated position behind the M-2 heavy machine gun in his vehicle's turret, TSgt Ray Decker could see everything. His lofted perch offered him vistas of the sharp profile of distant mountains to the north, a meandering river flowing from northeast to southwest, an unimpeded view of the horizon and the jagged rocky outcrops which flanked the dusty trail. Riding above his four teammates, TSgt Decker, a special operations weatherman, was in the ideal position to conduct environmental reconnaissance, exactly his purpose on this combat patrol. Moving out from his firebase in the Uruzgan Province on that day in August 2008, Ray could not have imagined the impact of his collection. Introduction Since 9/11, environmental reconnaissance (ER) has become special operations weather's (SOWT) leading role. SOWT personnel conducting ER were among the first U.S. military into Afghanistan in October 2001. Since that time, SOWT personnel have operated in every corner of the country, in both non-permissive and politically sensitive areas. The data they collect, whether near-target, in advance of assaulting forces or on a routine patrol, have proven pivotal in securing mission success. Today, time and effort placed on the ER mission far exceed that which is spent on the more traditional weather functions, such as forecasting and mission briefings. ER training consumes the lion's share of time during the SOWT predeployment and certification training phase, a phase that lasts over six months of the 10th Combat Weather Squadron's (CWS) 15-month Phased Operational, Refit/Retool and Training cycle.


Thank you for reading prelude to mathematics. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this prelude to mathematics, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. prelude to mathematics is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the prelude to mathematics is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The key exchange protocol of Diffie and Hellman, which can be defined for any group, has the special feature of using only exponentiations. In particular, it can also be instantiated in Kummer varieties, which are not groups, and in the post-quantum isogeny-based setting with the supersingular isogeny DH scheme of De Feo, Jao and Plût (SIDH). In this article, we propose a new simple oblivious transfer (OT) protocol, based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, that only uses exponentiations; we also revisit the older Wu-Zhang-Wang scheme. Both protocols can be directly instantiated on fast Kummer varieties; more importantly, they can also be transposed in the post-quantum SIDH setting. The semantic security of our proposals relies on the hardness of non-standard versions of the (supersingular) Diffie-Hellman problem, that are investigated within this article. To the best of our knowledge, these protocols are the simplest secure discrete-log based OT schemes using only exponentiations, and the first isogeny-based OT schemes.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
ABC-training is a new intervention to encourage health behavior change that targets the automatic activation of adaptive beliefs (i.e. automatic inferences). The aim of this proof-of-principle study was to test the effectiveness of web-based ABC-training to change outcome expectancies of alcohol drinking in a sample of hazardous drinkers.

DESIGN
One exploratory and one confirmatory experiment with two between-subject conditions (online ABC- and control-training) and assessments at baseline and 1 week later (after three sessions of training).

SETTING
Participants recruited on Prolific Academic completed the web-based study.

PARTICIPANTS
Adults with self-reported hazardous alcohol drinking (Experiment 1: 193 adults, United Kingdom, age mean = 46.7 years; Experiment 2: 282 adults, different nationalities, age mean = 38.3 years).

INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR
ABC-training involved completing an online task that required choosing personally relevant alternative behaviors to drinking alcohol in personally relevant antecedent contexts to attain personally important outcomes. Comparator was control-training, in which participants selected both the alternative behaviors and alcohol drinking an equal number of times. Training was completed at baseline, after 3 days and after 1 week.

MEASUREMENTS
Primary outcome was change in automatic and self-reported (negative/positive) outcome expectancies of alcohol drinking from baseline to after 1 week. Secondary outcomes were change in weekly alcohol consumption, self-efficacy, craving and motivation (and approach-alcohol associations in Experiment 1). Moderators were baseline outcome scores, motivation, age and alcohol dependency.

FINDINGS
Findings of this study are as follows: stronger increase in negative outcome expectancies after ABC- than control-training (Experiment 1: self-report, 95% confidence interval of difference scores (CIdiff ) = [0.04, Inf]; automatic, CIdiff  = [0.01, Inf]; Experiment 2: self-report, CIdiff  = [0.16, Inf]; automatic, CIdiff  = [0.002, Inf]). Stronger reduction in self-reported positive outcome expectancies after ABC- than control-training (Experiment 1: CIdiff  = [-Inf, -0.01]; Experiment 2: CIdiff  = [-Inf, -0.21]) but mixed findings on automatic positive outcome expectancies (Experiment 1: CIdiff  = [-Inf, 0.02]; Experiment 2: CIdiff  = [-Inf, -0.001]).

CONCLUSIONS
ABC-training may change outcome expectancies of alcohol consumption, but testing of clinically relevant effects in other samples is warranted.


In this article, the subject of inheritance law, which is one of the basic sciences of Islamic law, is covered by Qur'anic verses and hadiths. In the article, Niso, Anful, verses related to the inheritance of the Ahzab Sura, Sunani Termiziy and a number of hadiths come from Sahihi Bukhari. 2 decrees on the issue of the community and the situation related to it are also stated.


This paper reports on the fabrication method of an angular accelerometer with integrated liquid spiral channels and laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensing element. The proposed fabrication process forms the LIG sensing element and the spiral grooves via a CO2 laser and a UV laser, respectively, on a polyimide (PI) film. The liquid-sealed spiral channels are fabricated by filling the grooves with silicone oil and applying parylene deposition. Thus, the fabrication process is quite simple. The prototype sensor was validated for its response to angular acceleration.


A strain of Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas was isolated from greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum in Beijing in 1986. In the laboratory studies conducted in Beijing, mycelium growth and sporulation of the fungus occurred at temperatures between 7-32℃, and ceased when temperature was above 34℃. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth and sporulation were 15-30℃ and 20-28℃, while the optimal temperature were 23-28℃ and 23-25℃, respectively. Sporulation yields averaged 6.32- 6,94×109 per petri dish at 23-25℃. Conidia germinated at 4-35℃ with 15-32℃ as the optimal temperature, at which the germination rate within 24 hours was 81.36-96.6%. Trials of culturing the fungus on six mycological media showed that malt extract agar was the most suitable for the growth and multiplication of the fungus.


I first became involved with Diffusion as an undergraduate member of the Editorial Team (2008-9) and a contributor to the second issue in Volume 1 (December 2008); so now, whilst studying for an MA by research in English Literature, I feel very honoured to be Diffusion's first Student Editor. However, doing the job well is not to be taken lightly. My role is not only to bring a student perspective to co-editing the journal; I am also involved in marketing and publicity activities on campus, I liaise with the undergraduate community, trying to increase student participation, and I act as a general go-between for enquiries which are mostly student-related. The aim overall is to achieve a greater sense of Diffusion being run by students as well as staff. This has also been achieved by additional student numbers on the Editorial Team, some undergraduate and some postgraduate, each representing their respective subjects and all interested and excited by what the journal is trying to achieve: to establish Diffusion as the standard bearer of student excellence at UCLan and to provide outstanding examples for other students to emulate.


A new transformation of a subclass of LR(k) grammars into equivalent LL(k) grammars is studied. The subclass of LR(k) grammars is called extended k-transformable. The transformed LL(k) grammars left-to-right cover the original LR(k) grammars. Previous transformations transform k-transformable and PLR(k) subclasses of LR(k) into LL(k). The new transformation is more powerful in that it handles the extended k-transformable subclass of LR(k), which strictly includes k-transformable and PLR(k) classes.


Global emissions of a key contributor to the depletion of stratospheric ozone fell suddenly from 2018 to 2019, largely driven by reductions from within China, according to new analyses ( Nature 202...


It provides a very useful in a portable radio telephone (200) of the adapter new and improved antenna coupler (100). In a first embodiment, the plurality of curved bands of metal (204a-204c) positioned on the ground plane (102). A plurality of curved bands of metal (204a-204c) is electrically insulated from the at least one ground plane (102), so that the RF signal is coupled to the antenna for portable telephone (200) (204), or coupled from the antenna (204) RF signal. Also at least one ground pin (206a, 206b, 206c) mounted on a ground plane (102). When the portable radio telephone (200) coupled to the antenna (100) interface, the at least one ground pin (206a, 206b, 206c) with the component coil (202a, 202b), or in a portable radio telephone battery on the (200) a charging port an external ground pad (208) in electrical contact. In the second embodiment, the coupling pin (404) of the portable radio telephone (200) is in direct contact element RF chain. In a third embodiment, a helical coupler (504) surrounding the portable wireless telephone (200) an antenna (204).


In 19i 3 Singer (17) called attention to ulcero-papillomatous lesions in the forestomach of rats due, he felt, to infection by Sph'optera because of Fibiger's (7) similar observations made at the same time but regarded by the latter as carcinomas resulting from infection by thcse parasites. Later Pappenheimer and Larimore (13) observed the lesions in rats fed a rickets-producing diet, and held that they werc the result of some dietary deficiency, but not Vitamin A. They felt that some mechanical traumatic factor might contribute to the development of these lesions since wood shavings and hair were often found in the affected stomachs. Hoelzel and Da Costa (io) produced the lesions in both the forestomach and glandular portion by partial starvation and by feeding a diet low in protein. These authors do not appear to have differentiated the ulcero-papillomatous lesions from acute or more chronic fiat erosions or ulcerations of the mucosa with little or no marginal proliferation. Sharpless (I6) likewise observed ulccro-papillomas in the rumen in rats fed a diet containing only 4 per cent casein, and reported their absence with a diet containing 25 per cent casein or 4 per cent casein to which cysteine and methionine were added. One group of investigators attributed the lesions to vitamin deficiency. According to Fujimaki et al. (9), Santi (I5), Bisceglie ( i ) , Fredericia (8), and Cramer (4) it is a question of lack of Vitamin A, although Wolbach and Howe (18) did not observe them in their experiments on Vitamin A deficiency. Dalldorf and Kellogg (5) observed shallow mucosal erosions and apparently ulcero-papillomas in both portions of the stomach in rats fed Vitamin B 1 deficient diets. Howes and Vivier (1I), who have published an excellent review and discussion of the whole subject, confirmed the observations of Pappenheimer and Larimore and further noted that whole yeast afforded relative protection. They made the important observation that the lesions were more easily developed in young than in adult rats. Roffo (14) in a great number of experiments observed ulceropapillomas in the stomachs of rats fed heated animal fats in addition to the stock laboratory diet of milk, bread, and greens. He attributed the proliferative lesions to carcinogenic potencies of the heated fats. Domagk (6) reported the development of an "adenocarcinoma" in the stomach of one mouse and papillomas in others, fed rice and olive oil for weekly periods


In this paper, a speaker identification experiment is conducted where four male speakers are recorded in their normal pitch, uttering Cardinal Vowels 1 and 5, /i/ and /ɑ/ respectively. Out of these four speakers, one speaker is recorded in high pitch. The listeners are asked to identify the same speakers from lists of contrastive pairs of speakers in normal pitch in one set and normal and high pitch in another. This was done in order to study the effect of changing pitch on the listeners' ability to identify same speakers accurately. We also change the vowels in certain tests to examine whether the change in vowels affects the efficiency of speaker identification more or change in pitch. The results indicate that it is indeed more difficult to identify speakers when they change their voice from normal pitch to high pitch. Change in vowel also shows drop in correct answers, but not as much as change in pitch does.


We report a unified set of emulsion polymerization processes for the synthesis of a series of spherical and nonspherical magnetite−polystyrene (Fe3O4−PS) composite colloids with the superparamagnetic cores concentrically or eccentrically positioned inside polystyrene shells. The interfacial tension between the inorganic core and monomer-swollen polymer shell and the effect of swelling and phase separation have been employed to tune the morphology and structure of the composite colloids. The uniform size, anisotropic structure/shape, and the additional magnetic control make these colloidal particles ideal building blocks for the fabrication of novel functional devices and materials.


Large single crystals of La-doped CaFe2As2 were successfully synthesized by the FeAs self-flux method. The X-ray diffraction patterns suggest high crystalline quality and c-axis orientation. By substitution of trivalent La3+ ions for divalent Ca2+, the resistivity anomaly in the parent compound CaFe2As2 is completely suppressed and the superconducting transition temperature reaches the value of 42.7 K, which is higher than that of about 30 K reported in Saha S. R. et al., arXiv:1105.4798v1. The upper critical field has been determined with the magnetic field along the ab-plane and c-axis, yielding an anisotropy of about 3.3.


Objective To explore the effects of different anesthesia approaches on hemorheology in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) during cesarean section.Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with PIH were divided into epidural anesthesia (81 cases,control group) and combined spinal epidural anesthesia (84 cases,experiment group).The hemorheology and Apgar score were compared.Results The anesthesia and post-parturition,the levels of whole blood low shear viscosity,whole blood middle shear viscosity,whole blood high shear viscosity,erythrocyte aggregation index,plasma viscosity,fibrinogen were improved compared with those before anesthesia [experiment group:(6.3 ± 0.7 ),(6.6 ± 0.6)mPa·s vs.(8.1 ± 1.8) mPa·s,(3.8±0.6),(3.9±0.4) mPa·s vs.(5.2±0.9) mPa·s,(3.1 ±0.8),(3.2±0.7) mPa·s vs. (4.5 ± 1.2) mPa·s,3.0 ±0.4,3.1 ±0.7 vs.2.8 ±0.7,(1.2 ±0.2),(1.1 ±0.5) mPa·s vs.(1.8 ±0.6) mPa·s,(5.3 ± 0.8),(5.3 ±0.7) g/L vs.(4.7 ±0.8) g/L;control group:(7.9 ±0.8),(7.5 ±0.7)mPa·s vs.(8.2± 1.3) mPa·s,(4.5±0.4)、(4.5 ±0.4) mPa·s vs.(5.4±0.7) mPa·s,(3.7±0.8),(3.5±0.8 ) mPa· s vs. (4.6 ± 0.5 ) mPa· s,2.8 ± 0.6,2.9 ± 0.3 vs.2.7 ± 0.6,( 1.6 ± 0.4),( 1.7 ± 0.1 ) mPa· s vs.(1.9 ±0.8) mPa ·s,(5.0 ±0.9),(4.8 ±0.8) g/L vs. (4.7 ±0.5) g/L,P <0.05],and all the level of hemorheology in experiment group were improved compared with control group (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in 1,5 min Apgar scores between two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion The epidural anesthesia and combined spinal epidural anesthesia can improve hemorheology of patients with PIH during cesarean section,but the combined spinal epidural anesthesia is more effective and favorable for pregnancy outcome.

Key words:
Hypertension,pregnancy-induced;  Cesarean section;  Anesthesia, epidural; Hemorheology


Objective:To investigate effects of total polyphenols extracted from Toona sinensis Roem on acute inflammation in injury induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Method: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group,model group and total polyphenols extracted from T.sinensis groups in 3 doses.Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats was induced by legating the left coronary artery(LAD) 30 min followed by a 120 min reperfusion,while rats in sham group were sutured only.Ligature success was indicated by elevation of segment,yet reperfusion success was indicated through gradual resolution of T wave with ST segment,and appearance of infract Q wave.After reperfusion,blood from abdominal aorta was collected,and serum were prepared.Then content of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were detected.Finally,10 mg myocardium tissue was cut from left ventricle ischemic area,and expression level of NF-κB p65 mRNA was tested.The rest myocardium tissues were prepared for pathological sections.Then the morphological changes in left ventricle ischemic area was observed through optical Microscope.Result:Content of IL-6 and TNF-α in model group serum were(638.88±188.94),(216.23±58.67) ng·L-1 respectively.Compared with rats in model group,after administrated with polyphenols extracted from T.sinensis Roem,the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum was declined.NF-κB p65/β-actin in left ventricle ischemic area myocardium tissue of model group was 0.61±0.05,while myocardium tissue NF-κB p65/β-actin in total polyphenols extracted from T.sinensis groups were decreased significantly.Compared with model group,the morphological injury of cardiomyocytes in total polyphenols extracted from T.sinensis groups were alleviated significantly.Conclusion: Total polyphenols extracted from T.sinensis can play an intervention role on acute inflammation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.


The invention discloses a breeding data collection and transmission method, and the method comprises the steps: 1, a plurality of plants are provided, wherein each plant is associated with a first machine reading identification; 2, a server is provided with a collection module, the collection module comprises an extracting module, a gathering module and mobile terminals, each mobile terminal is associated with a second machine reading identification, and the server sends a collection instruction to the mobile terminals and the gathering module at certain time intervals through the extracting module; 3, the mobile terminals read the collection instruction, and the data collection of a first machine reading identification plant is carried out through employing the mobile terminals, a rotating mechanism and an imaging device; 4, data is analyzed through the mobile terminals, and results are associated with first machine reading identification information of the plants; 5, the mobile terminals transmit collection data and results to the server; 6, the server receives collection data through the gathering module, the server judges the collection instruction and the second machine reading identification, and the gathering module receives the collection data from the mobile terminal if the collection instruction and the second machine reading identification are consistent.


The article considers actual tendencies of development of modern professional education, defines the role of interactive methods of training as system element of this process. The reasons of the rare usage by professors of the interactive methods and forms of education are shown, the factors determining intensity of application of the interactive methods at the higher school are presented either as and reception of these methods by students. The article discovers the interactive methods of training, whose evaluation of intensity of application have the more grade of discordance between students and professors. The results of exploration of connection of intensity of application of the methods of training with age and the length of service of professor, with professional and scientific activity, with presence (absence) degree, and also with the profile of the higher school, in which the methods are realized. The article proposes the model of evaluation of intensity of application of the interactive methods of training by professors of universities of education.


The absorption and possible reaction paths during corrosion have been systematically identified at the molecular level by using density functional theory calculations. The results show that the co-adsorbed water molecule has a two-fold impact on the corrosive kinetics process. The one is the solvation effect, where water molecule affects the various reactions through ion dipole interaction, without bond fracture and formation. Another is the H-transfer mediator, where the bond of co-adsorbed water molecule breaks and regenerates in order to transfer hydrogen atoms.


The natural distributed character of software ecosystems calls for a shared conceptualization and language to describe their architecture and their evolution. In this regards, ontologies play a central role. In this paper: we argue in favor of such an approach by showing that there is succesful experience applying ontologies to the fields of software engineering and software architecture; show the issues arising in ecosystem evolution and the needs for higher levels of formalization of the description of such processes; finally, we present a roadmap to develop an ontology for this area.


Within a South African context, facilitating the increased participation of marginalized groups within society has become a cornerstone of social policy. In institutions of higher education, this has generally involved the targeting for support of individuals representing groups traditionally excluded on the grounds of socio-economic and disability status. The focus has tended to be more on physical access issues and some technical supports. For students with disabilities, assessment practices are fraught with additional limitations. One will say that access issues within higher education have been inadequately conceptualized and as a result failed to address fundamental issues around assessment for students with disabilities. Hence, this chapter explores diverse assessment practices that are used as a tool in responsive inclusive education settings particularly in institutions of higher learning. It comprises of a literature review focusing on the analysis of inclusive education and diverse assessments practices that can be used to respond to challenges of inclusive education.


Differential cross sections of the [($sup 16$O,$sup 15$N) (g.s.)] reaction on $sup 29$Si and $sup 30$Si were measured at E ($sup 16$O) =60 MeV at far forward angles. The strongly oscillatory $delta$L=1, (2) angular distributions for the 2s$sub 1$/$sub 2$ and 1d$sub 3$/$sub 2$ transitions to $sup 30$P and $sup 31$P were found to be out of phase. The pure $delta$L=1, 2s$sub 1$/ $sub 2$ transitions were fitted well by finite range distorted wave Born approximation calculations using the code LOLA. The phase of the structure of the 1d$sub 3$/$sub 2$ transfer angular distributions could not be fitted with the distorted wave Born approximation. Spectroscopic factors were in good agreement with ($sup 3$He,d) results for 2s$sub 1$/$sub 2$ and 1d$sub 5$/$sub 2$ transitions and a factor of 2 too large for 1d$sub 3$/$sub 2$ transfer. This factor of 2 for the 1d$sub 3$/$sub 2$ transitions is not understood. The mixed j transition to the 2$sup +$ state in $sup 30$P (1.454 MeV) was found to be consistent with almost exclusive j=3/2 transfer as predicted by shell model calculations. (AIP)


This paper reports on the Fe{sup 2 +}/Fe{sup 3 +} ratios of 47 simulated nuclear waste glass samples with ratios varying from 0.01 (oxidized) to 1.6 (reduced) determined by wet-chemical and Mossbauer spectral analyses. The wet-chemical method involved the spectrophotometric determination of Fe{sup 2 +} and total iron using remote spectroscopy with fiber optic chemical sensing. Interferences from other species present in these glasses were examined and alternative analytical techniques were investigated. Results of wet-chemical and Mossbauer spectral analysis were comparable; however, the wet-chemical method is probably preferable for the analysis of highly radioactive glasses until such glasses have been shown to have satisfactory Mossbauer spectra.


In order to widely reflect the society,Wu Jingzi created over two hundred characters in The Scholars,who,in accordance with the generally accepted ethical standards,could be divided into sixteen types,i.e.sage,person of virtue,elegant person,couple,pure person,knight,bookish person,artist,shed person,idiot,stingy person,lucky person,wicked,bandit,villain,capable and so on.However,three salters to whom the writer paid much attention were not included.The writer plainly described the salters as those who are stupid,mean,profit only.But these remarks were not the real description of the salters in Qing dynasty.It is necessary,from the comparison between historical materials and literature,to restore the image of the salters,especially the true contribution of the saters of Anhui in the early Qing dynasty and the social image of those good merchants.


Throughout human history, replicas of the real world have played an invaluable role in providing spatial information vital for the exploration and understanding of our environment. Starting with simple maps, recent technological advancements have culminated in sophisticated virtual models, e.g., Apple Maps, swissTLM3D from Swisstopo, etc. These reality capture solutions have great implications for the continuing challenges of 3D mapping and scene reconstruction, and allow for complex applications such as navigation, urban planning, and virtual reality, to name a few. Despite a high level of automation, the generation of such products still relies on human interaction, using great cost and effort. Contemporary technologies in photogrammetry, computer vision, and mapping typically employ image or range scan data, and recreate human habitats based on either recognizing geometry and shapes, or by semantic understanding, whereby objects are classified into semantically meaningful entities, differentiating between a house, tree, etc. However, the dynamic and complex nature of the real world often leads to mapping inaccuracies, even when well-established techniques are applied. For example, a computer can misinterpret a facade with many windows when they reflect objects such as cars or trees. In the geometric realm, occlusions such as a tree in front of a facade can lead to wrong or incomplete shapes. The clean-up of such artifacts is essential and embodies the demand for manual input. To overcome such problems, the work in this thesis creates synergy between the geometric reconstruction and semantic understanding approaches. Revisiting the above example, a correct classification of the building facade can be achieved through geometric awareness, i.e. if the computer understands that vertical and flat surfaces are buildings, rather than cars or trees. Alternatively, knowing the semantic context – a building would be situated behind a tree – allows for a superior geometric reconstruction with proper spatial distinction between the two objects. Addressing these two problems jointly leads to superior interpreted virtual 3D models, and, a reduction in the need for human assistance when annotating 3D reconstructions with semantic classes. As such, this combination is similar to a human operator who also holistically interprets images when extracting measurements from them. Exploiting semantics for 3D reconstruction and vice-versa can be achieved through so called class-specific regularization of the virtual model, which enables mutual influence between these modalities. This concept is explored in this thesis. Existing semantic 3D reconstruction methods have been limited to small scenes and low resolution so far, due to their large memory footprint. To push the boundaries of their application range, an adaptive volumetric multi-resolution formulation is proposed in §4, which scales to much larger regions. §5 combats the problem of retrieving fine details in semantic 3D models. Towards this end, the method alternates between updating shapes and classes of a semantic triangular mesh. Beyond reconstruction and visualization, virtual 3D models, with or without semantics, should support a wide variety of practical tasks. In this light, §6 investigates 3D representations from an application perspective by assessing their utility in performing specific reasoning tasks.


Abstract Objective: Examine trends in nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NPS), including motives, routes of administration, sources, cost, and risk factors. Participants: 1,253 college students. Methods: Data were collected annually during academic years 2004–2005 through 2008–2009. Generalized estimating equations analyses evaluated longitudinal trends. Logistic regression models evaluated stability of associations between risk factors and NPS over time. Results: Almost two-thirds (61.8%wt) were offered prescription stimulants for nonmedical use by Year 4, and 31.0%wt used. Studying was the predominant motive (73.8% to 91.5% annually), intranasal administration was modest (< 17% annually), and the most common source was a friend with a prescription (≥ 73.9% annually). Significant changes over time included decreasing curiosity motives, increasing overuse of one's own prescription, and increasing proportion paying $5+ per pill. Lower grade point average and alcohol/cannabis use disorders were consistently associated with NPS, holding constant other factors. Conclusions: Prevention opportunities exist for parents, physicians, and college administrators to reduce NPS.


With the widely global application of internet and information communication technology many countries havemade the e-government as an essential means to improve the capacity and the efficiency of government operation. Many devel-oped countries have made great progress in the use of e-government . So we should learn the their successful experience topromote the construction of e-government in our country .


The class II MHC protein HLA-DQ2 is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. CLIP (MHC class II-associated invariant chain peptide) occupies the peptide binding groove of all newly synthesized class II MHC proteins until HLA-DM replaces it with an antigen peptide. We have determined the atomic structure of HLA-DQ2-CLIP1 and HLA-DQ2-CLIP2 complex at 2.8 Ang and 2.2 Ang, respectively. Our crystal structure shows that MRMATPLLM of CLIP1 occupies the P1 to P9 pockets of HLA-DQ2. For CLIP2, PLLMQALPM occupies the P1 to P9 pockets of HLA-DQ2. We present our analysis of the MHC-peptide interaction in these two structures, and we highlight the structural similarities and differences compared to other class II MHC-CLIP complex structures reported to date.


The introduction of electric vehicles (EV) is considered by many as an effective solution to alleviate petroleum dependency; however, the number of EVs in the current market remains scarce despite of its potential benefits. Many studies have been conducted to identify and assess various factors that significantly affect EV ownership. In contrary, little has been done regarding the potential EV adoption for commercial fleets. This paper addresses this limitation by focusing on rental vehicles. It is found that rental cost, vehicle attributes (e.g. maximum range and recharging time), and attitudinal statements have significant effect on EV rental choice.


http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/05/12/0363546516645084 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0363546516645084 published online May 12, 2016 Am J Sports Med Christin Zwolski, Laura C. Schmitt, Staci Thomas, Timothy E. Hewett and Mark V. Paterno Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction The Utility of Limb Symmetry Indices in Return-to-Sport Assessment in Patients With Bilateral


Finite-amplitude bifurcation diagrams of axisymmetric liquid bridges anchored between two plane parallel electrodes subjected to a potential difference and in the presence of an axial gravity field are found by solving simultaneously the Laplace equation for the electric potential and the Young–Laplace equation for the interface by means of the Galerkin/finite element method. Results show the strong stabilizing effect of the electric field, which plays a role somewhat similar to the inverse of the slenderness. It is also shown that the electric field may determine whether the breaking of the liquid bridge leads to two equal or unequal drops. Finally, the sensitivity of liquid bridges to an axial gravity in the presence of the electric field is studied.


Abstract
In this study the intent is to integrate the two factors of gender dichotomy and women's positions in a large organization such as the United Nations (UN), and therefor analyze the difference of gender and the relation to women with the intake of feminist theories. The study will also consider why an international organization that advocates gender equality across the World - in different ways and on different levels - is shaped as it is today. The UN is a famous peacekeeping organization that has been active for several decades and consists of over 200 membered countries, but it is still a large organization that needs to be maintained. I will attempt to reveal the gender perspective within the organization and explaining its outlines with the help of feminist theories of stereotyping, organizational hierarchy, aspects of enforcing masculinity etc. In this effort I will foremost glance at the UN as a whole organization and thereafter at the gendered separation in its organs; divisions such as UN-Women, as it is a "women related" UN branch that explicitly deals with feminist questions such as women's rights, equality etc.


Abstract Four complexes having the formula [Zn(L)2] [L1 = (C18H20NS2–), N-(4-isopropyl-benzyl)-(benzyl)-dithiocarbamate], [L2 = (C10H12NS2–), N-(benzyl)-(ethyl)-dithiocarbamate], [L3 = (C19H22ONS2–), N-(4-isopropyl-benzyl)-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-dithiocarbamate], and [L4 = (C16H16NS2–), N-(benzyl)-(4-methyl-benzyl)-dithiocarbamate] have been contemplated, synthesized, and characterized by elemental analysis and IR, 1H, 13C NMR and UV–visible absorption spectra. All Zn(II) complexes have similar geometry and coordination number. Complex A2 (with ligand L2) crystallizes in triclinic system with space group P-1 having distorted square pyramidal geometry which was stabilized by weak C–H···π and C–H···S intramolecular interactions. The antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antitumor activities of the complexes have been screened and A2 and A3 showed their prominence. Interestingly, both A2 and A3 showed more killing potential against multi-drug resistant gram-positive isolates with MIC indices of 16 μg mL−1 and 16 μg mL−1, respectively, against both MRSA and MSSA, while the antitumor agent A3 showed its prominence with GI50 and LC50 41.15 and 133.73 µg mL−1, respectively. Graphical Abstract


University archives are the foundation of the memory of the university.The archival memory view provides a new perspective for the university archives management,which makes the archives can be collected in the anniversary of university and enables the archives to provide better service to the celebration activities of the university anniversary.


The Green River Bridge, I-26 near Asheville, North Carolina, was opened to traffic in 1969. In October 1992, during an inspection, two long transverse cracks were discovered in the bottom flange plate of a main girder; these cracks resulted in closure of the eastbound bridge. Numerous shorter cracks were observed at the web to flange plate connecting fillet welds throughout the girders. The Green River Bridge is a five-span, twin structure having a total length of 320 m (1,050 ft). Each bridge is a two-girder system, and ASTM A441 modified Corten B weathering steel was used to fabricate the bridge. The investigation into the cause of the cracking included metallographic and fractographic examination of core samples containing cracks, chemical composition and toughness testing of material, and instrumentation and field testing to determine live load stress levels. Test results of the flange plate material containing the large cracks showed it to have high carbon content, large grain structure, very low toughness, and high hardness. A field hardness survey was carried out on all bottom flange plates to determine locations of plates in the structure with similar properties. The fatigue and fracture assessment found that the cracks discovered in the Green River Bridge occurred at the time of fabrication. All cracks appeared to result from hydrogen-related cold cracking. Orientation of the large cracks was influenced by welding residual stresses that caused the crack tip to turn to a nearly horizontal orientation (parallel to the stress field). Because of this favorable crack tip orientation, the large cracks could tolerate dead and live load stresses and fatigue crack growth and brittle fracture were prevented. The main retrofit recommendation was to bolt cover plates on all bottom flange plates subjected to tensile stresses using high-strength bolts. This retrofit will provide internal redundancy in all spans and reduce live load stress range levels in the two-girder system by about 50%. Repairs were completed in October 1994.


The hitherto unknown larva of Rhyacophila ferox Graf, 2006, is described and discussed in the context of contemporary Rhyacophilidae keys. In addition, zoogeographical and ecological notes are included.


The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity and Islam. By David Goldenberg. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003. xv + 448 pp. $24.95 paper. Much ink has been spilled in the last few decades over claims and counterclaims associating the so-called "curse of Ham" with an ideology of racism. The ideology in question is based on what has come to be known as the "Hamitic Myth," according to which a rationalizing divine authority for the enslavement of black Africans may be found in racist interpretations of the biblical Curse of Canaan. The textual root of the discussion lies in the short but enigmatic narrative found in Genesis 9:18-27. Four issues stand out in the text: Ham's guilt for seeing his father's nakedness (though it is not clear exactly what "seeing nakedness" means); the repeated observation that Ham is the father of Canaan; the fact that Canaan rather than Ham is cursed, seemingly for the guilt of his father; and the statement, made three times in three verses, that Canaan will become a slave. A considerable amount of exegesis from ancient times to the present has been devoted to these issues, and particularly in the 1990s, both scholarly and popular articles of varying quality have been written with the goal of determining the possible impact of the biblical story on racism in medieval and modern times. In the 1990s the subject evolved into a public debate around early Jewish interpretations of the text. The claim was made that Jewish interpretations associated blackness or African physical features with slavery in order to legitimate the enslavement and oppression of people of African origin ("Ham/Canaan, Cursing of," in The Oxford Companion to the Hebrew Bible, 1993, [268]). Thus it was Jewish exegesis, according to the claim, that became the core ideology from which racist doctrines were constructed claiming divine authority for the enslavement of black Africans by white Europeans (Edith Sanders, "The Hamitic Hypothesis: Its Origins and Functions in Time Perspective," Journal of African History 10:4 [1969]: 521-32; J. R. Willis, "The Ideology of Enslavement in Islam," in Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa, ed. F. R. Willis [London: Frank Cass, 1985]; The Nation of Islam (no author), The Secret Relationship between Blacks and Jews [Boston, 1991]; Tony Martin, The Jewish Onslaught: Despatches from the Wellesley Battlefront [Dover, Mass.: Majority, 1993]; David Brion Davis, "The Slave Trade and the Jews," New York Review of Books 41:21 [1994]: 14-16). This book, divided into four sections and encompassing a total of fourteen chapters, sets out to put the presumed Jewish origin of the "Hamitic Myth" to rest. Goldenberg begins by examining the image of dark or black-skinned peoples in antiquity. One of Ham's sons is named Kush, which is often (but not always) associated in the Hebrew Bible with black people or Africans. Kush is also associated in the Bible with black skin color, and the permanent darkness of Kush is differentiated from temporary darkness acquired from the sun or from dirt. But according to Goldenberg, the biblical texts imply no value judgment about the nature of skin color (Exod. 12:1, for example, mentions that a wife of Moses was a "Kushite woman"). Sometimes, black


Introduction In cementless THA the incidence of intraoperative fracture has been reported to be as high 28% [1]. To mitigate these surgical complications, investigators have explored vibro-acoustic...


To the Editor:

The course of sarcoidosis is heterogeneous, and the assessment of pulmonary and extrathoracic organ involvement is important for clinical treatment decisions [1]. Whole-body imaging techniques have been evaluated to assess total disease activity [2, 3]. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) and 18FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) allow a complete picture of active intra- and extrapulmonary sites [4]. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is an established diagnostic tool for multifocal disorders such as multiple myeloma and metastatic diseases [5, 6]. The role of WB-MRI in the assessment of extrathoracic organ involvement in patients with sarcoidosis has not yet been studied.

We present an institutional review board-approved study including 24 patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis. Patients were recruited regardless of treatment, apparent extrapulmonary involvement and symptoms; written informed consent was obtained. To estimate extrapulmonary disease activity, the extrapulmonary physician organ severity tool (ePOST) was employed [7], scoring 17 organs (0: not affected; 6: very severely affected). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and serum levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were assessed. All subjects underwent WB-MRI on a clinical 1.5-T whole-body scanner with an 18-channel coil array system (Magnetom Avanto (Tim); Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). The acquisition consisted of the following pulse sequences: coronal and sagittal T1-weighted Turbo Spin Echo (T1w) (repetition time ( T R) 682 ms and echo time ( T E) 11 ms) and Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) ( T R 9630 ms, T E 87 ms and inversion time 180 ms) (slice thickness 5 mm, intersection gap 20% coronal and 10% sagittal, and field of view 50×50 cm), with composition of multiple image stacks to achieve coverage from head to pelvic floor for T1w and from head to feet …


The South China Sea is a strategic water area and is rich in natural resources. The South China Sea dispute is the hottest dispute in the 21st century, in which China and most ASEAN members are involved indirectly. China's unilateral claim of ownership of the South China Sea area using the nine dash line principle and maritime power has triggered a response from surrounding countries, including Indonesia. For Indonesia itself, its main concern in this conflict is to maintain the security of its country and protect the vulnerable island of Natuna. In this study, we will discuss the dynamics of the China Maritime Militia conflict in the South China Sea against the sovereignty of the Indonesian state and ASEAN countries. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach where the data sources used are journals, articles, books and other relevant sources. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the disputes that occurred in the South China Sea were disputes between countries, because the actors were not only claiming countries but also other countries with an interest in the region. Therefore, the strategy taken in efforts to resolve the China Maritime Militia dispute in the South China Sea is to strengthen the capacity of maritime security enforcement and command for various Indonesian maritime law enforcement agencies, and take a free and active approach that is manifested in support and participation in regional organizations such as ASEAN


Abstract

Author: Vlora Dibrani
Title: The transnational responsibility - A qualitative study about Kosovoalbanian migrants supply responsibilities of their family members in Kosovo
Supervisor: Anders P. Lundberg
Keywords: Family, Kosovo, migrants, remittances, transnational

The aim of this study was to investigate the expectations the Kosovoalbanian social system has on the migrants supply responsibilities against their family members in Kosovo, and how the Kosovoalbanian migrants in Sweden handle their responsibilities in the intersection between a Kosovoalbanian and a Swedish social system. To achieve my purpose, I conducted qualitative interviews with three kosovoalbanian migrants in Sweden, which still have some connection with relatives in Kosovo. I also interviewed three social workers in the social service in Kosovo. I used the theoretical concepts; transnationalism and migration. The results of the survey showed that migrants have a certain obligation to supply their family members who still lives in Kosovo. The main responsibility lies on the men who migrated and according to the social workers, the migrants have a supply obligation to support parents, but not an equal responsibility to supply their siblings or other relatives. The study also showed that the migrants in the investigation are involved in the transnational process by providing financial assistance to families in Kosovo, based on their circumstances and according to the needs that exist.


Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event in cancer progression and is closely linked to the breast epithelial cancer stem cell phenotype. Given the close interaction between the vascular endothelium and cancer cells, especially at the invasive front, we asked whether endothelial cells might play a role in EMT. Using a 3D culture model we demonstrate that endothelial cells are potent inducers of EMT in D492 an immortalized breast epithelial cell line with stem cell properties. Endothelial induced mesenchymal-like cells (D492M) derived from D492, show reduced expression of keratins, a switch from E-Cadherin (E-Cad) to N-Cadherin (N-Cad) and enhanced migration. Acquisition of cancer stem cell associated characteristics like increased CD44/CD24 ratio, resistance to apoptosis and anchorage independent growth was also seen in D492M cells. Endothelial induced EMT in D492 was partially blocked by inhibition of HGF signaling. Basallike breast cancer, a vascular rich cancer with stem cell properties and adverse prognosis has been linked with EMT. We immunostained several basal-like breast cancer samples for endothelial and EMT markers. Cancer cells close to the vascular rich areas show no or decreased expression of E-Cad and increased N-Cad expression suggesting EMT. Collectively, we have shown in a 3D culture model that endothelial cells are potent inducers of EMT in breast epithelial cells with stem cell properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate that basal-like breast cancer contains cells with an EMT phenotype, most prominently close to vascular rich areas of these tumors. We conclude that endothelial cells are potent inducers of EMT and may play a role in progression of basal-like breast cancer. Citation: Sigurdsson V, Hilmarsdottir B, Sigmundsdottir H, Fridriksdottir AJR, Ringnér M, et al. (2011) Endothelial Induced EMT in Breast Epithelial Cells with Stem Cell Properties. PLoS ONE 6(9): e23833. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023833 Editor: Alexander Swarbrick, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia Received March 27, 2011; Accepted July 25, 2011; Published September 6, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Sigurdsson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by grants from Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund, University of Iceland Research Fund (www.hi.is/ research_degrees), Science and Technology Policy Council-Thematic program in postgenomic biomedicine (www.rannis.is), Science and Technology Policy Council Research fund (TG, MKM), European Science Foundation (EuroCORES program, EuroSTELLS) (TG). ''Göngum saman'', a supporting group for breast cancer research in Iceland (www.gongumsaman.is) (VS). Nordforsk, the Nordic Research Board (www.nordforsk.org), Nordic Stem Cell Mobility Program (HS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: email@example.com


This special issue of Peabody Journal of Education brings together educational scholars across disciplines to examine two significant and related trends in urban school districts: efforts to scale-up high-quality teaching and learning districtwide and the role of external assistance providers in the process. The time is ripe for this issue. As many have noted, school district leaders across the country are launching prominent initiatives to strengthen teaching and learning. These efforts move beyond pilots that focus on pockets of students and aim to improve teaching and learning for all students often as part of ambitious educational equity and achievement agendas. These developments are fueled by a number of factors. Among them, persistently disappointing results with more limited, programmatic approaches to improvement not centrally focused on teaching and learning have prompted some district leaders to make districtwide teaching and learning improvement the core goal and main focus of their investments. No Child Left Behind and state and local accountability initiatives increase the urgency for districts to increase the scope and depth of their efforts at producing demonstrable gains in academic achievement for all students. Superintendents and other district central


The electrical current has been applied for fracture healing. Bared tip, one and half centimeter in length of a multistrand stainless-steel wire insulated with Teflon was inserted into the bone marrow as a cathode and the anode was fixed on the skin. The power pack with 9 volt battery modified to discharge a constant current of 10 microamperes inspite of variable resistence was connected in between both poles. All the patients were sustained either of the fracture of the femur or the tibia.Five patients with non-union, five with delayed union and four with fresh fracture were included in this series. Complete healing of fracture was obtained in thirteen out of fourteen cases. Electrical current thus applied might be said to enhance bone formation and is promising for the treatment of fractures, especially for non-union or delayed union.


The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway is important in mediating a wide range of biological activities, including embryological development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, scattering, motility, invasion and morphogenic differentiation. HGF and/or c-Met are expressed at abnormally high levels in a large variety of solid tumors. Various c-Met mutations have been described in many solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies. Therefore, inhibition of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway has great potential in molecular targeted cancer therapy. Many patent applications associated with inhibition of the HGF/c-Met axis have been published in the past few years. There are four small molecule c-Met inhibitors presently in clinical trials. This review focusses on recent patent applications for small molecule c-Met inhibitors and their potential applications in cancer therapy.


The group of 12 men gathering in the basement of the 1892 construction site didn't look like anything special. They just seemed like some hard-working types in rough suspendered pants and with a hat or cap on their heads. But they were special since some of them had been part of the team that had completed the world's first major commercially successful electric street railway system in Richmond, Virginia, four years earlier. Now part of the Sprague Electric Elevator Company, they were facing a new challenge in the brand new Postal Telegraph building rising in New York City at the intersection of Murray Street and Broadway. Their task was to install what would be, at that time, the most advanced bank of electric elevators in the world, two express and four locals rising 14 stories above the city.


Thus far, practicing physicians perform glaucoma screening based on Graefe's triad of symptoms. Considering the predicted increase in glaucoma incidence and the current trend in diagnosis verification at the time when patients already demonstrate significant changes in visual function, the issue on the need to revise these "markers" is raised. Summarizing the available modern diagnostic capabilities for glaucoma screening, it is fair to say that nowadays none of the diagnostic methods can "work alone". Only monitoring of glaucoma patients will help to determine accurately the presence or absence of glaucoma changes. Thus, the current standard for glaucoma detection includes several diagnostic methods. To receive reliable data on the disease prevalence, its diagnosis should be established in a timely manner. However, there are still difficulties faced in diagnosing glaucoma. This problem can be solved through the improvement of the available diagnostic tools and/or the introduction of novel methods of patient assessment. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, capable of learning and conducting in-depth analysis, has enabled the development of this approach. At the same time, the question of optimizing its application for practical medicine remains open. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, glaucoma screening, glaucoma diagnosing, neural networks. For citation: Movsisyan A.B., Kuroyedov A.V. Making a diagnosis of glaucoma at the present time. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):47–53 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-47-53.


27.05. - 16.06.201. - Projects: Micropaleontology, Actuopaleontology, and Environmental Baseline Study of the Holocene to latest Pleistocene in the northern and eastern Adriatic Sea basin


In this paper, the winding inductances of a linear ironless permanent-magnet synchronous actuator for high-precision applications is discussed. Different from rotary motors for conventional applications, high-order harmonics and the end effect due to discontinuous structure are considered. From such considerations, an improved Fourier series expansion is applied to the proposed distributed-parameter model of the linear winding. The calculated inductance matrix is of high accuracy, and presents a new non-uniform form. New features of the inductance matrix are analyzed, and the decoupling scheme is implemented via variable transformation and real-time updating inductances.


With the advent of wearable biometric technology like smart watches, "hacking" our bodies' functions and cycles has become a tool in the never-ending quest for better health. And sleep is no exception. For example, a staggering one-third of Americans don't get enough sleep, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).


After the defeat of China's First Domestic Revolutionary War, China's revolutionary movement fell into a low ebb, and the women's liberation movement also entered a low ebb. As one of the three major Soviet regions directly planned by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei cannot be ignored. In order to expand and stabilize the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei, the Soviets of the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei took a series of measures, which included the practical movement of women's liberation under the guidance of the Marxist concept of women. In order to gain the victory of the women's liberation movement in the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei, the government of the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei adopted three main forms: The first way is to cultivate a cer-tain number of women cadres to provide a showcase for women of the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei; the second way is to carry out educational work for women of the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei to improve their cultural level; and the third way is to use various forms of propaganda to advocate women of the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei to pursue their own rights and interests. The women's work in the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei was carried out in a specific social context with distinctive features and remarkable results at the same time. Reviewing and analyzing the practice of Marxist view of women in the western Soviet area of Hunan and Hubei can provide reference for the current women's liberation work and help guide the current women's liberation movement.


Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) was readily detected in different parts of Theobroma cacao using the ELISA technique. Different plant tissues contained varying amounts of CSSV; highest concentrations were found in leaf lamina. Methods to preserve the serological activity of CSSV were evaluated, and best results obtained with samples stored in a buffer or freeze-dried.


Background: Coughing is quite common after surgery. However, it is believed that codeine may reduce coughing, thus, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of codeine on coughing. Materials and methods: It was a double blind clinical trial performed on 150 subjects in the form of two groups. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia was similar in both groups. The case group had received 30mg of codeine phosphate one hour before the surgery, but the control group received placebo. Heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined 3 minutes following the intubations and 3 minutes after the extubation. Meanwhile, number of coughs was determined right after extubation, 3 and 10 minutes later. Results: Groups were similar according to the age. Of placebo group, 23 (30.7) and of the case group 19 (25.3) had experienced severe cough (NS). The mean number of cough in the case and placebo group was 9.05±8.65 and 5.65±4.56, respectively (NS). There was no significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured before intubation, 3 minutes after intubation and 3 minutes after extubation. Conclusion : Oral codeine failed to prevent coughing after cataract surgery. Thus, other techniques are strongly recommended


A plasmonic coupler, which consists of periodic metal gratings and a tapered waveguide, is integrated to a charge-sensitive infrared phototransistor (CSIP) for 45 µm wavelength radiation. The period and height of the gratings are about 42 µm and 4 µm, respectively. The gratings convert normally incident radiation into a surface wave, which is converged to the active region of the CSIP through the tapered waveguide. Both rise rate and signal amplitude become larger, due to the presence of the plasmonic coupler.


A gas well stable production proration unit is applicable for gas wells, and plays a role in stabilization of production proration. The utility model comprises a valve body, a valve cap, disconnecting valve needles and nozzles. The utility model is characterized in that an axial hole is arranged in the center of the valve body. Radial holes are distributed on exterior wall of the valve body. The number of the radial holes is more than or equals to two; the radial holes are communicated with the axial hole. Disconnecting valve seats are arranged in the radial holes; the disconnecting valve needles are fixed on the radial holes. Nozzle bores are arranged on an end face of the valve body opposite to the valve cap, and are communicated with the radial holes, respectively. The number of the nozzle bores is the same with the number of the radial holes. The nozzles are arranged in the nozzle bores. An axial hole is arranged in the center of the valve cap. A tapered hole is arranged on an end face of the valve cap opposite to the valve body; a wearproof cover is arranged on the inner wall of the tapered hole. The utility model has the advantages that a plurality of disconnecting valves are arranged on the valve body, and can be opened, respectively. Diameters of central holes of the nozzles are different from each other, which can be selected as required by the field. The utility model achieves stable production proration of a single well, and solves the problems of instable measurement of gas wells, instable pressure transported from exterior and instable gas quantity.


In this work, an electrochemical treatment in a batch cell with Ti/Pt anode was applied to degrade two
reactive dyes (Color Index Reactive Orange 4 and 13) in the presence of chloride ions, usually used as
dyeing electrolyte. For the two dyes, the kinetic of degradation was studied and also kinetic constants
were modelled. The influence of several factors such as pH, conductivity, dye concentration and reactive
group structure were evaluated. The adjustment of the established models was also studied.


N EXACT knowledge which a man may acquire during his lifetime dies with him. He can give some of this knowledge to his younger generation, but when knowledge is passed on by words from generation to generation, it becomes more and more vague, ultimately taking the form of myth. Culture is dependent upon man's ability to transfer his knowledge in an exact way from generation to generation, and only those peoples who have a system by which they can write down their knowledge will steadily advance in civilization. It is thus obvious that writing and books form one of the cornerstones of higher civilization. Only the peoples who had a system of writing and a system of numerals were able successfully to carry on their civilization. In medieval times, the European peoples had a system of writing and compiled their knowledge in books. The art of writing was the privilege of a limited group, such as the nobles and the clergy. The noblemen and the church supported scribes who wrote down the knowledge of their time in parchment books. The common man learned by word of mouth, and what he learned would die with him, except for certain parts of the religious ritual, the household medicine, and vague historical narrative, which was simple and clear and could easily be carried from generation to generation. If the limited class who mastered the art of writing in medieval times had been wiped out, then we today would have the ruins of great castles and splendid cathedrals and some beautiful illuminated folios. The descendants of the common man, represented by the farmer and merchant as well as the slave, would have retained a part of the religious ritual, and some vague history, but would not have been able to carry on and develop the civilization of his country. The invention of printing with movable type gave common man the key to his own civilization, and