A novel theory is presented for the ground-state equilibrium properties and phase behavior of hydrogen-bonded crystals in which quantum-mechanical tunneling is important. The approach is based on a variational correlated wave function and simultaneously treats short- and long-range proton correlations in addition to the quantum tunneling aspect. Application to an exactly solvable quantum spin model along with general statistic. ~l mechanical considerations suggest the theory is quantitatively reliable for many three-dimensional crystals of interest. Model calculations reveal a diverse set of possible phase behaviors as a function of applied pressure. The theory should be useful for predicting and interpreting a range of phenomena induced by high pressure (e.g., orderdisorder phase transitions, dielectric properties, hydrogen-bond symmetrization) for experimentally interesting systems such as the KDP-like (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) ferroelectrics and ice polymorphs.


Three-dimensional integrated circuits rely on optimized interconnect structures for blocks which are spread among one or multiple dies. We demonstrate how 2D and 3D block alignment can be efficiently utilized for structural planning of different interconnects. To realize this, we extend the corner block list and provide effective techniques for 3D layout generation, i.e., block placement and alignment. Our techniques are made available in an open-source, simulated-annealing-based tool. Besides block alignment, it accounts for key objectives in 3D design like fast thermal management and fixed-outline floorplanning. Experimental results on GSRC and IBM-HB+ circuits demonstrate the capabilities of our tool for both planning 3D-IC interconnects by block alignment and for 3D floorplanning in general.


The main aim of this work was to study the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of potato tubers (Spunta variety), to help in designing and developing of specific machine and their operations. The length, width and thickness of potato tubers values ranged from 60.03 to 89.93, 44.67 to 60.02 and 37.69 to 44.64 mm, respectively for all treatments under study. The geometric mean diameter and arithmetic mean diameter of the potato tubers ranged from 46.41 to 61.97 and 47.96 to 64.86 mm, respectively. The potato tuber mass was 63.72, 119.51 and 152.07 g for small, medium and large of potato tuber size, respectively. The potato tuber volume was 53.54, 112.96 and 135.12 cm 3 for small, medium and large of potato tuber size, respectively. The true density of the potato tuber ranged from 1190 to 1125


Water banking is a proven water management strategy that facilitates the voluntary temporary reallocation of water from willing sellers to willing buyers. In exchange for compensation, farmers (sellers) may choose to allow their irrigation water to be reallocated to cities, towns, industries, and tourist hotels (buyers) that are in need. We have studied the application of water banking concepts to the water management of the island of Cyprus. The Republic of Cyprus is currently facing significant water scarcity problems. Water banking is a new idea in the area. We propose that an emergency drought water bank encourages farmers to become part of the solution to the water problems on the island. The Cypriot government is currently turning to desalination of seawater to meet its water supply needs. This process offers a reliable but very expensive source of water. The water from the most recent desalination contract will cost the government more than CYE 61 million in total over the next ten years, assuming that the price of oil does not rise. In order to minimize the cost of water resources development, we propose forward-thinking policies such as water banking to reduce the need for additional desalination plants. This thesis details the goals, structure, and operational strategy for a water bank in Cyprus. We recommend that the Government seriously consider the immediate application of water banking. A small-scale pilot project in a single irrigation district would allow the concept to be validated in the field. Water banking holds great promise as a means of helping to provide Cyprus with the water it needs for continued growth and prosperity. Thesis Advisor: Prof. Andrea Rinaldo Title: Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering


E-field sensing with a thermally poled fiber in a Sagnac interferometer is presented. Contactless detection is achieved for fields > 0:23MV=m at 50Hz and higher sensitivity is obtained at higher ...


With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanostructured biocatalysts that take the advantage of nanomaterials in terms of both functional and structural availability have offered new opportunities for improving biological functions of enzymes and expanding applications in areas such as biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and industrial biocatalysis. Recently, we reported a method of preparing protein–inorganic hybrid nanostructures with flower-like shapes, which have shown much greater activities than free enzymes and most of the reported immobilized enzymes. To bring this appealing catalyst into practical use, however, an effective accommodation of these high-performance enzyme catalysts is required. One way is to weakly attach these enzyme nanoflowers to porous materials by physical adsorption. Recently, Krieg et al. reported the fabrication of a supramolecular membrane by noncovalent modification of a commercial membrane, which suggests the possibility of fabricating functional filtration membranes by a simple post-modification procedure, thus enabling many new and interesting applications. It thus came to our mind to fabricate a membrane incorporating enzyme nanoflowers for the rapid detection of hazardous compounds through visualization of the catalyzed product. Owing to their high toxicity even at a low concentration, phenols are listed as major toxic pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency of the USA and other countries. Sensitive detection of phenolic compounds has been well established using instrumental analysis such as liquid chromatography. However, these methods usually require sophisticated instrumentation and a multistep procedure, making them less convenient for rapid and on-site detection. The present study started by the fabrication of an enzyme nanoflower incorporated into a membrane. As shown in Figure 1, a suspension of laccase–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, which have a high activity (ca. 200% that of free laccase) for phenol oxidization, as we observed previously, was injected into a commercial disposable syringe filter equipped with a cellulose acetate membrane (pore size 0.2 mm). This procedure thus deposited enzyme nanoflowers with an average size of 4 mm onto the membrane. Then the aqueous sample containing phenol was mixed with an aqueous solution of 4-aminoantipyrine and was passed through the membrane with incorporated laccase nanoflowers, causing oxidative coupling of phenol with 4-aminoantipyrine to form an antipyrine dye that has an absorption maximum at 495 nm. This procedure allowed rapid analysis by a UV/ Vis spectrophotometer or by the naked eye. Finally, pure water was injected into the filter to remove unreacted reagents and the reaction products, followed by drying the membrane in air for the next use. For the preparation of laccase–copper phosphate nanoflowers, typically, 0.8 mm aqueous CuSO4 was added to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1 mgmL 1 laccase at pH 7.4 and 25 8C. After three days, the precipitate of laccase nanoflowers appeared with porous, flower-like structures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the nanoflowers are presented in Figure 2a,b, from which the average diameter of the laccase nanoflowers was determined [a] L. Zhu, L. Gong, Y. Zhang, R. Wang, Prof. J. Ge, Prof. Z. Liu Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 (China) E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com [b] Prof. R. N. Zare Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA) E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com [] These authors contributed equally to this work. Figure 1. Fabrication, use, washing, and reuse of the membrane with incorporated laccase nanoflowers. Phenol and ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted phenols carrying carboxy, halogen, methoxy, or sulfonic acid groups react with 4-aminoantipyrine to form colored compounds, which can then be readily detected.


A new digital watermark algorithm based on the correlative detection in spatial domain is proposed in this paper.On the basis of establishing the communication model of digital image watermark,the original watermark image is scrambled to improve the anti-jamming capability of the watermark,and then embed the spread-spectrum-modulated watermark into the corresponding spatial domain of the digital image.The detection is realized by computing the correlation between different images and the original spread-spectrum codes.Experimental results indicate that the algorithm has the features of watermark imperceptibility,blind detection in extracting,and is still robust to the attacks of brightness,contrast conversion and noise.


Urbanization is a continuous and dynamic process which has a direct impact on ecosystems and their services provided to human society. Restriction of green areas greatly accentuates urban ecological risks, having an immediate negative impact on their viability and sustainability, on life quality and population health. Increasing population density in urban areas leads to an increasing need for space. Parallel to the tentacular development of urban agglomerations, structure, architecture and design have changed, at the expense of green spaces. The development of urban areas in several European Countries (e.g., Romania, Portugal, Sweden, amid substantial demographic growth, it was made at the expense of green areas. Historical milestones of urban and peri-urban development are also key milestones in green space strategies, both in terms of development and conversion into different land-uses. This article investigates the evolution of green infrastructure in three distinct countries in Europe. In western Romania (Timisoara urban area and its neighboring peri-urban zones) we investigate the strong correlation with the evolution of urban development and the strategies developed for improving the life quality. In central Portugal, we analyze the dynamics of green infrastructures in a peri-urban catchment close to Coimbra city Centre, driven by long term urbanization. In Sweden (Malmö city), we study the history of blue-green infrastructures such as sustainable urban drainage over the past two decades and application of this in the physical planning. We will emphasize the main key milestones in green space strategies, similitudes and differences between three urban areas located in three different bio-geographical areas.


Dispersion of a population of Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) was studied by analysis of the distribution of captures in live traps and recovery of faecal pellets in open milk cartons. Captures of both males and females were clumped and during the period immediately preceding the breeding season, males and females were segregated.


The Role of Activity-Based Costing in UK Universities The purpose of the research described in this thesis was to develop the concept of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in the UK university context. The research methodology included sending a postal survey to 100 UK university institutions, augmenting this with a set of semi-structured interviews, as well as a statistical analysis of published data on university library operations. The overall conclusion of this research was that ABC can be of value in a university, but that currently there is a failure to: employ established ABC practice, relate the ABC design to the purposes intended, identify costs related to customer-type (rather than product), and consider behavioural issues, in particular where authority has been devolved. The key elements of the contribution to the knowledge and practice of ABC, in the UK university context, are the identification of The set of contextual factors that affect an ABC implementation, The purposes appropriate for this context, and The relevance of ABC to these purposes, and the conclusion that: Different purposes require different ABC systems, and in particular the choice of drivers for the costing of academic units is not appropriate for product design and cost management. ABC analysis is justifiable even where expenditures are partly determined by factors other than the demands represented by activity/driver volumes. Opportunity costing can be used consistently with the ABC ethos for university premises, academic staff and support services. ABC requires adaptation in the light of anticipated consequences and behavioural effects, particularly to ensure goal congruence in the product/ service decisions made within semiautonomous academic schools. The emphasis/ use of ABC is likely to shift in line with the anticipated reduced role of direct academic labour and premises.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a biphasic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an initial phase predominated by Th2 cytokines which switches into a second and more chronic Th1 dominated eczematous phase. Two different, the high affinity receptor for IgE (FceRI) bearing dendritic cell subtypes have been identified in the skin of AD patients: FceRI h i g h Langerhans cells (LC) and FcerI h i g h inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDEC). These two dendritic cell subtypes are supposed to contribute distinctly to the biphasic nature and the outcome of T-cell responses in AD. In the light of recent developments a picture emerges that different IgE-receptor bearing DC subtypes in the blood and the skin of AD patients play a pivotal role in the complex pathophysiological network of AD.


Mitsubishi Electric has implemented the AutomationML interface within iQ Works, the integrated software suite for programming Mitsubishi Electric automation products. AutomationML represents an important step-change in the way complex equipment is designed, installed and maintained. Designers, integrators and end users will all benefit from a streamlined approach to system implementation that will drive down costs and shorten time to market. The ability to ensure a seamless flow of information between different systems is also a key driver in the digital transformation of manufacturing on the journey to Industry 4.0.


Feeding the turkeys feed enriched with herbal extract flour from amaranth dose of 1, 2, and 4 % by weight of the feed, had a positive impact on their growth rate. The increase in live weight of animals of 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups was respectively 5.9; 12,5 and 8.6 % compared with their peers in the control group. 1 kg increase in live weight turkeys control, 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups spent respectively 2,80; 2,64; 2,49 and 2,58 kg of feed. The growth rate of turkeys receiving the drug «Extrafit» dose of 4 %, was lower compared to individuals of other experimental groups fed Supplement dose of 1 and 2 % by weight of the feed.


Warehousing is one of the most important activities in the supply chain, enabling competitive advantage. Effective management of warehousing processes is, therefore, crucial for achieving minimal costs, maximum efficiency, and overall customer satisfaction. Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) are the first steps towards organizing these processes; however, due to the human factor involved, information on products, vehicles and workers may be missing, corrupt, or misleading. In this paper, a cost-effective Indoor Positioning System (IPS) based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology is presented for use in Intralogistics that works automatically, and therefore minimizes the possibility of acquiring incorrect data. The proposed IPS solution is intended to be used for supervising order-picker movements, movement of packages between workstations, and tracking other mobile devices in a manually operated warehouse. Only data that are accurate, reliable and represent the actual state of the system, are useful for detailed material flow analysis and optimization in Intralogistics. Using the developed solution, IPS technology is leveraged to enhance the manually operated warehouse operational efficiency in Intralogistics. Due to the hardware independence, the developed software solution can be used with virtually any BLE supported beacons and receivers. The results of IPS testing in laboratory/office settings show that up to 98% of passings are detected successfully with time delays between approach and detection of less than 0.5 s.


The quality of Thai-style fried rice crackers depends on the efficiency of the production process, including molding, drying, moisture retention, type of frying oil, frying temperature and frying time. Multiple molds were studied and it was found that thickness of the mold affected the product quality and the time involved in molding. Using a 2.5 cm diameter mold gave the best result at 0.5 cm thickness, while a 4.0 cm diameter mold provided the best result at 0.8 cm thickness. Drying at 65°C with moisture content at 10% gave the best result for crispiness, oil uptake and the least chemical change in the frying oil. Frying temperatures and frying times showed that frying rice crackers with palm olein oil at temperature 210°C for 30 seconds gave the most brightness, the least oil uptake of the product and the least chemical change of frying oil. TBHQ (tert-Butyl Hydroquinone), BHA (Butylated Hydroxyanisole) with BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) and Pandan leaves were used as antioxidants to decrease deterioration of the product and frying oil. It was found that TBHQ provided the least product oxidation during storage of 60 days as well as the least frying oil oxidation.


Background: Hepatotoxicity is an important safety issue in long-term methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Guidelines, including the widely used American College of Rheumatology guidelines, therefore recommend testing of liver enzymes at intervals of 8–12 weeks in all MTX-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), making this one of the most frequent screening tests in rheumatology care. Although a number of potential risk factors for liver toxicity have been identified, individual risk stratification is still not part of guidelines. Besides, it is unclear what proportion of all monitoring tests that captures liver enzyme elevations and what happens after an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in clinical practice. Objectives: To assess predictors of ALT elevation in an unselected population of MTX- treated RA patients, describe monitoring of liver enzymes in clinical practice, including the handling and outcome of elevated ALT levels. Methods: All RA patients starting MTX treatment January, 2005-April, 2013 at a rheumatology clinic, (Uppsala university hospital, Sweden) were identified. Clinical and laboratory data from onset of RA until MTX treatment stopped or the end of the study period September, 2013, were obtained from medical records and supplemented by a telephone interview. Predictors for ALT>1.5 the upper limit of normal (ULN) were identified by multiple regression analysis. Results: The study comprised 213 RA patients starting MTX therapy. During a mean follow-up (MTX-treatment period) of 4.3 years, 6288 ALT tests were performed. ALT >ULN was observed in 84 (39%) of the patients and 7% of all tests. The strongest predictor for ALT >1.5 x ULN was a pre-treatment ALT elevation (mean observation period 1.5 years before MTX start) (adjusted OR=6.8, 95% CI 2.2–20.5). In the patients with pre-treatment ALT elevation, the mean time to first ALT elevation was shorter than in those without pre-treatment elevation (p<0.001), and all had recurrent elevations during MTX treatment. In all patients with ALT >ULN, re-elevations occurred in 70%, with similar proportions in those without active interventions and in those where e.g. MTX dose reduction was performed (73% vs. 67%, p=0.43). In patients who permanently stopped MTX due to ALT elevation (n=7), ALT >ULN recurred in 5 (71%) after stopping MTX. Two patients were eventually diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. No patient developed signs of hepatic failure. Conclusions: Pre-treatment ALT elevation is a strong predictor for early and recurrent ALT elevations during therapy. Overall, re-elevations are common, but only a minority of performed ALT tests captures elevations. More individualized or alternative means to follow these patients could be considered to more effectively identify those with MTX-related liver toxicity, and those who despite recurrent ALT elevations could continue MTX treatment without risk for deleterious liver damage. Disclosure of Interest: None declared


Asia except that grain crops are notably absent, however, tubers are an abundant caloric source though poor in protein. In the highland interiors, dense populations, compact villages and the cultural importance of pigs characterize sweet potato cultivators such as the Chimbu and Enga. Population densities in the highlands may be as high as 400 persons per square mile. With increasing Western contact, cash crops have influenced all three ecological zones as well as the insular areas of New Guinea. Copra, cacao, coffee and tea are all income producing sources. Cash crops have not only altered the subsistence base, but have expanded needs to include copra driers, cacao fermentaries and coffee processers. Furthermore, with an increase in cash cropping, local labor shortages may become seasonally acute. The shifts of male populations between villages and regions have partially disrupted village social organization. The author's description of Tolai cash-croppers and their problems is excellent.


This paper will present the results from our first winter season (2013-14) of data collection using a global crowd-sourced approach to collect travel behavior data for people moving in avalanche terrain. To date, most studies of the human dimensions of decision making in avalanche terrain has fo- cused on two areas - post-accident analysis using accident reports/interviews and, the development of tools as decision forcing aids. We present an alternate method for understanding decision-making in ava- lanche terrain. Our project combines real-time GPS tracking via a smartphone application, with internet based surveys of backcountry skiers as a method to describe and quantify travel practices in concert with group decision-making dynamics, and demographic data of participants during daily excursions into win- ter backcountry. Preliminary data analysis shows that individual experience levels and regional avalanche danger ratings all influence the ways in which people travel in avalanche terrain. Our results will provide the first analysis of coupled real-time GPS tracking of people moving in avalanche terrain combined with psychographic and demographic correlates. This research will lead to an improved understanding of real- time decision making in avalanche terrain.


Background: Nurses currently contributing more than half of the manpower in the health sector and play a significant role in it, that is why the health sector is largely dependent on them but still they are largely invisible among people and their capabilities are limited in the field of their work that under-represents them. It has also been observed that many people have positive perception towards image of nursing profession which has become widely evident during COVID-19. The study aimed to determine the college students' perception towards the contemporary image of the nursing profession.
Methods: A quantitative research approach and descriptive cross-sectional research design were used. By adopting the purposive sampling technique, 420 college students were selected from the colleges and universities of Bihar. Data collected via online Based-Google form and analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Out of 420 student participants, 97.4% have positive perception and 2.6% students have negative perception towards contemporary image of nursing profession. Most of the responses were in positive feedback such as, nurses are hardworking, knowledgeable, they are vital to health care delivery system whereas few were in contrary. There was a statistically significant association found between socio-demographic variables and perceived image of nursing profession as depicted in domiciliary (p= 0.010) and educational status of father (p= 0.058), at the p-value <0.05 (typically ≤0.05).
Conclusions: The study concluded that there is a positive perception among college students towards contemporary image of nursing profession.


A housing (250), comprising the following features: a rail (240) for receiving at least one removably matable attachment, wherein a portion (410, 420, 430, 510, 520, 530, 610, 620) except for an outer peripheral surface of the housing (250) relative to adjacent portions (101, 110) of the outer peripheral surface, and wherein the recessed portion (410, 420, 430, 510, 520, 530, 610, 620) and a non-recessed portion of the outer peripheral surface of the rail (240) define for interfacing with the removably matable attachment.


Czech Sign Language and the Situation of the Deaf in the Czech Republic. On the occasion of the anniversary of Professor Alena Macurová this article wants to be more of an overview and honor to the person who had founded the Institute of Deaf Studies at the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University in 1998. The contribution summarizes the positive impact of the Institute and its activities on the Deaf community in the Czech Republic. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA /


Vessel traffic is one of the major sources of underwater anthropogenic noise. Dolphins can modify their vocal repertoire, especially whistles, in presence of vessels to facilitate their communication. Acoustic data were collected (sampling rate 96 kHz) in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico. Whistle rate and parameters of the coastal and oceanic ecotypes of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were measured in absence of vessels and in presence of moving small vessels (size 5–10 m). The peak noise difference was calculated between the two frequency bands dominated by the whistles (2000–20,000 Hz) and the small vessel (500–2000 Hz). In presence of vessels the oceanic ecotype decreased whistle frequencies while the coastal ecotype increased them. Both ecotypes raised whistle frequencies with the decreasing of the peak noise difference. The differences in habitat and group structure could have driven the two ecotypes to react in a different way to the vessel presence.


Abstract Students often find it challenging to learn about complex and abstract biological processes. Using the engineering design process, which involves designing, building, and testing prototypes, can help students visualize the processes and anchor ideas from lab activities. We describe an engineering-design-integrated biology unit designed for high school students in which they learn about the properties of slime molds, the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and the iterative nature of the engineering design process. Using the engineering design process, students were successful in quarantining the slime mold from the non-inoculated oats. A t-test revealed statistically significant differences in students' understanding of slime mold characteristics, the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and the engineering design process before and after the unit. Overall, students demonstrated sound understanding of the biology core ideas and engineering design skills inherent in this unit.


Taking the sewage treatment plant in the northeast area of Ningbo as the example,the paper according to the craft and the equipment features of the plant,explores the measures of energy-saving and the consumption reduction of the traditional sewage treatment plant from the production power consumption,the medicine consumption,and reclaimed water reuse with the premise of pursuing at the qualified exit water,so as to realize to reduce the treatment costs.


There are more than 15 million people over age 65 currently living in the Arab world, yet little attention has been paid to the cultural significance of growing old. The book recognizes the widespread silence by countering the critical corpus that reads the modern Arabic novel as a political discourse with an emphasis on youth achievement. By offering close readings of 16 fictional works from different parts of the Arab world such as novels by Alia Mamdouh, Sahar Khalifah, Iman Kachachi, Rashid al-Daif and Alaa al-Aswany, the study utilizes biological and cultural theories of ageing- particularly from the perspective of gender and feminism- that shed light on the representation of ageing in the Arabic novel. The study makes use of feminist theories of ageing and gerontology that focus on sexism and ageism, including works by Simone de Beauvoir and Margaret Marganroth Gullette to present aging as a relational formation between men and women, and their idiosyncratic experiences of the process of ageing, revealing that there is no prototype of oldness in the Arabic novel and that older men and women manifest a multiplicity of identities, concerns and experiences. The study challenges the ungendered image generally attributed to older persons and examines how they navigate old age and subvert it. As they grow older men and women manifest a multiplicity of identities, concerns, and experiences revealing that the ageing process is an ongoing inherently unstable project.


Objective: To investigate the technique of labelling 131I-Rituximab and establish an easy, fast and effective method for iodine-labelled antibodies. To detect the stability and immunoactivity of the labelled compound. To study the biological response of B-cell lymphoma cells to 131I-Rituximab. To observe the tissue distribution and the therapeutic effect of 131I-Rituximab in lymphoma tumor borne in nude mice, in order to offer the experimenta ecidence for the next radioimmunotherapy. Methods: Rituximab was labelled with 131I by means of Iodogen method. Detecting the labelling efficiency, radiochemical purity and immunoreactive fraction of 131I-Rituximab at different reaction time. Measuring the changes of radiochemical purity of 131I-Rituximab at different storage conditions(stores at 4°C). Study the biological character of Raji cells by measuring the cytoactivity by Type Blue, the expression of surface antigens by flow cytometry(FCM), The cells were randomized into four groups that were 131I-Rituximab group ARituximab alone A131I alone Ablank group, and its effects on apoptosis and cell cycles of Raji cells were determined by cytometry. Raji cell was inoculated subcutaneously in 35 nude mice. Observe the tissue distribution and the therapeutic effect of 131I-Rituximab in lymphoma tumor borne in nude mice. Nude mice were randomized into six groups while the tumor was 8 mm in diameter. The groups were: high,middle,low dose radioimmunotherapy groups,Rituximab alone,131I alone Ablank group. The size of the tumor was measured per three days and the mice were killed in four weeks after treatment. The tumors were resected and weighed. Results: 1.The labelling efficiency of 131I and Rituximab at 4 minutes reaction time was 90.0%, and the radiochemical purity was 99.4%, the immunoreacive fraction of 131I- Rituximab was 35.6%. The compound was satble,after 24h, the radiochemical purity was 91.0%. 2.The Raji cells had more than 90% of cytoactivity and 98.03% of surface expression of CD20. The apoptosis rate measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI was higher than that in other groups. Cell cycle alteration occurred in 131I-Rituximab group, and the majority of cells were arrested at G2 stage. 3.The tissue distribution indicate that 131I-Rituximab was mainly detected in the tumor. As compared to blank group, therapy groups' tumor growth was inhibited and the inhibition was does and time dependent. The pathological results show that the therapy is effective. Conclusion: The labelling method-Iodogen method proved to be effective as the labeling rate was high, the compound was stable, immunoreactive to Raji cells. According to our research, the optimal reaction time for labelling Rituximab with Na131I is 4 minutes. the labelling efficiency(90.0%), radiochemical purity(98.4%) and immunoactivity were all high very much, and can be obtained for intraurmor injection at animal tests. 131I-Rituximab can regulate the cycle of Raji cells and induce their apoptosis to inhibit their proliferation. The results indicate that the radioimmunological drug made from anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and 131I can specifically localise in tumor tissue and ensure radioimmunological targeting therapy, so it has underlying clinical value.


The radius and diameter are fundamental graph parameters, with several natural definitions for directed graphs. Each definition is well-motivated in a variety of applications. All versions of diameter and radius can be solved via solving all-pairs shortest paths (APSP), followed by a fast postprocessing step. However, solving APSP on n-node graphs requires Ω(n2) time even in sparse graphs. We study the question: when can diameter and radius in sparse graphs be solved in truly subquadratic time, and when is such an algorithm unlikely? Motivated by our conditional lower bounds on computing these measures exactly in truly subquadratic time, we search for approximation and fixed parameter subquadratic algorithms, and alternatively, for reasons why they do not exist. We find that: • Most versions of Diameter and Radius can be solved in truly subquadratic time with optimal approximation guarantees, under plausible assumptions. For example, there is a 2-approximation algorithm for directed Radius with one-way distances that runs in O(m[EQUATION]) time, while a (2 -- Δ)-approximation algorithm in O(n2--e) time is considered unlikely. • On graphs with treewidth k, we can solve all versions in 2O(k log k)n1+o(1) time. We show that these algorithms are near optimal since even a (3/2 -- Δ)-approximation algorithm that runs in time 2o(k)n2--e would refute plausible assumptions. Two conceptual contributions of this work that we hope will incite future work are: the introduction of a Fixed Parameter Tractability in P framework, and the statement of a differently-quantified variant of the Orthogonal Vectors Conjecture, which we call the Hitting Set Conjecture.


This article deals with the application of original and modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction scheme for fractionation of contaminant metallic elements (Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cu) in sediments, soils, and aerial gravitation dusts. Contamination level and extractability of contaminant element in our internal laboratory soil, sediment, and gravitation dust reference samples was studied by original BCR procedure proposed to certified reference material (CRM) 601 sediment reference material. A preliminary comparative study was performed to control the extraction ability of original and modified BCR procedure using CRM 601 and 701, respectively. It was established that original BCR scheme can be applied for different kinds of samples (sediment, soil, dust) when necessary sample amount is available; however, one has to calculate with analyte losses due to pH instability during the second and third leaching steps and readsorption may occur after third leaching step during the phase separation. This latter observation was verified by direct solid sample analysis of original samples and third-step solid residue.


When Siddalee Walker is interviewed about her hit play, her mother is described as a "tap dancing child abuser". Her mother disowns her, but the Ya-Yas - a circle of small-town Louisiana friends - send Siddalee the scrapbook of "Divine Secrets" to try and help her to understand.


: The most important factor limiting almond cultivation is the necessity of pollination and late frosts. Thus, 'Ferraduel' almond cultivar, which is one of the late-flowering cultivars, is preferred in almond cultivation in recent years. 'Ferranges' and 'Picantilli' cultivars are used as a pollinator. Moreover, the yield is low due to insufficient pollination. In this research, where controlled pollination and irrigation were carried out, the 'Picantilli' variety was used as pollinator for the 'Ferraduel' almond cultivar. Pollen viability rates were determined as 40.00% for 'Picantili' and 37.83% for 'Ferraduel'. According to the results of the study, fruit set rate was not found significant according to treatments (Mean: 91.20%) while the harvested fruit rates were obtained as the highest with 27.69% from controlled pollination + irrigation treatment. Fruit weight with fruit shell and fruit meat weight were determined as 5.33 g and 1.18 g in trees pollinated in the open field, 6.74 g and 1.54 g in trees treated with other treatments.


Abstract: The neoclassical macroeconomic dichotomy between real and nominal variables is shown to be generally false, even within the standard structure of the model. The model implicitly assumes that disbursements via interest payments on bonds somehow ensure that all profits are disbursed. But the two are generally different. Forcing them to match renders the model mathematically inconsistent. Alternately, distinguishing the two rectifies the inconsistency but destroys the dichotomy between real and nominal variables and dramatically alter the model's outcomes. One striking consequence is that a rise in the money supply can lead to a fall in prices.


Splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality when ruptured in pregnancy. However, there is no consensus on the optimal obstetric management of both ruptured and asymptomatic SAA. We aimed to evaluate risk factors, presentation, investigation, and management of SAA in pregnancy and puerperium.


Mobile entertainment portals are already appearing, but game designers lack tools for designing content and services. One approach is to use argumentation for hypothesizing the consequences of actions and interactions in a game world.


ABSTRACT This is probably the largest as well as the best of a series of books which in recent years have appeared on the adrenal steroids and disease. Certainly it is the most complete of these volumes which have been prepared for the use of the clinician. The author has covered almost every aspect of adrenal-steroid secretion and the effect of such secretion in either producing or affecting the course of disease in man. There are excellent sections on steroid chemistry, synthesis of the steroids, adrenal-function tests, Cushing's syndrome, virilizing syndromes, congenital-adrenal hyperplasia, primary aldosteronism, and others.The author, who has worked in this field for many years, has demonstrated his grasp of the development of our knowledge of the adrenal gland and, in putting together the volume, he has done a highly commendable job of covering the literature. Bibliographic references are numerous. Although many volumes which try to provide such


We report the synthesis and sol-gel polymerization of 4-nitro-N,N-bis[(3- triethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline 1. An efficient synthesis of the monomer was developed by the hydrosilylation of N, N-diallyl-4-nitroaniline. Optical quality thin films were synthesized by spin coating an n -butanol solution of 1 using formic acid as catalyst and source of water. We improved the temporal stability of the NLO signal from films prepared from 4-nitro-N,N-bis[(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline by increasing the intensity of the poling field and extending the heating period during the poling/curing stage. By Maker fringe analysis, a X (2) value of 9 × 10 −8 esu was measured for these polysilsesquioxanes. If one assumes that the major component of the NLO effect is along the z-axis, the X (2) value corresponds to a d 33 coefficient of 18.9 pm/V and a r 33 value of 4.7 pm/V.


Covering plants with plastic film has been common practice in vegetable growing for early and late markets. Temperature inside of the cover rises higher than 40°C in clear days if ventilating is neglected. Therefore injuries due to high temperature are frequently observed in vegetable crops under the plastic coverings.In this preliminary study on high temperature injury in fruit vegetables, young plants of tomato, cucumber and egg-plant were exposed to artificially controlled high temperatures and their subsequent behaviors were observed.High temperature about 50°C induced necrosis in leaves and stems of these fruit vegetables, especially in their young portions, in relatively short time.Plants exposed to 45°C for 3 hours each in successive five days showed no visible injury in their leaves and stems, and their growth was as well as that of the control plants, though their leaf color was slightly lighter than that of the control plants, and in egg-plant, development of purple pigment in flowers and leaves was depressed. Nevertheless, in tomato, percentage of fruit setting was significantly lowered, while hormone spray was effective to counteract this disorder. In cucumber, male flowers had not come to bloom since a few days after the end of the treatment.Germination tests of pollen on artificial media revealed that percentage of germinating pollen of these fruit vegetables was decidedly decreased by the treatment. This is assumed to be one of the causes of poor setting of fruits and deformed fruit-formation which are often found in the plants growing under plastic covers.


Equilibrium cross-sectional area is a crucial parameter in the assessment of the stability of tidal inlets; it has been related to tidal prism, through the empirical O'Brien method. Analyses presented here, based upon equations associated with equilibrium, show that other factors (i.e. not tidal prism alone) are also important: (1) flood and ebb tidal durations; (2) freshwater discharges; and (3) sediment transport through the entrance. Analytical approaches are suggested for evaluating tidal inlet equilibrium conditions. The method can be applied to analyse the equilibrium of individual inlets, reducing errors in the application of the O'Brien method. Equilibrium conditions for inlet systems at Langstone Harbour (southern England) and Yangpu Harbour (southern China) are compared, suggesting some deviation from the conclusion that maximum cross-sectional mean current speed for a stable inlet should be around 1·0 m s-1.


Abstract Background Multiple viruses cocirculate and contribute to the burden of respiratory disease. Virus-virus interactions can decrease susceptibility to infection and this interference can have an epidemiological impact. As humans are normally exposed to a community of cocirculating respiratory viruses, experimental coinfection studies are necessary to understand the disease mechanisms of multipathogen systems. We aimed to characterize interactions within the respiratory tract between severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 2 major respiratory viruses: influenza A virus (IAV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods We performed single infections and coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 combined with IAV or RSV in cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells. We combined microscopy with quantification of viral replication in the presence or absence of an innate immune inhibitor to determine changes in virus-induced pathology, virus spread, and virus replication. Results SARS-CoV-2 replication is inhibited by both IAV and RSV. This inhibition is dependent on a functional antiviral response and the level of inhibition is proportional to the timing of secondary viral infection. Conclusions Infections with other respiratory viruses might provide transient resistance to SARS-CoV-2. It would therefore be expected that the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may decrease during periods of high circulation of IAV and RSV.


This one-credit elective course for high school students is divided into two phases: Phase I, Elements of Music, and Phase II, Introduction to the Structure, Materials, and Literature of Music. The focal points of the course involve: (1) the study of theory through analysis of the earliest known musical works to those of the present; (2) the use of composition in developing insights in to great musical works; (3) the development of an awareness of music as an art in a historical context; (4) the development of aural-visual skills need in performance, analysis, and teaching; and (5) ample experience in conducting, orchestration, and arranging. A selective bibliography is provided. (DB) U S, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE


Suture materials are classified into two broad categories: resorbable and nonresorbable. Resorbable sutures lose their entire tensile strength within 2-3 months, while nonresorbable suture materials retain their strength longer than 2-3 months. Actually, the classical suture material used is a fell expensive. This paper present a procedure for produce a resorbable sutures are made from blend Agar-Agar and collagen (A-A/Col), using a roto spinning of the polymers solution. The applicability of new material is a good example of resorbable suture material to future surgery.


This paper is a continuation of the work on the new approach to the packing problems of randomly embedded granular material proposed by Goźdź and Pietrow. In previous paper a quantum mechanical approach (QMA) to packing was introduced and 2- and 3-dimensional packing experiments for circles (spheres) were generated on this basis. Packing fractions were calculated to test the ability to build 2- and 3-dimensional beds with correct properties. In this paper we continue testing the QMA model.


Screening test and weight-loss methods were adopted to study many volatile corrosion inhibitors(VCI) for selecting the best VCI.Some composite VCI were obtatined which had good protection effect for iron relics.The inhibition mechanism of composite VCI was studied by SEM and EDS.


Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was evaluated for sensory quality and carbohydrate composition at harvest and after storage at 0° or 10°C for 2 weeks. Total sugar (reducing sugar plus sucrose) declined more quickly during storage at 10° than at 0° in all cultivars, but the relative changes in sucrose and reducing sugars during storage were often complex. Hedonic (like/dislike) and sweetness scores awarded by taste panelists were significantly correlated with each other and with reducing sugar, sucrose, and total sugar concentrations only after storage. The highest correlations were between sucrose concentration and hedonic taste scores (r = 0.76, P < 0.01) and between sucrose concentration and sensory sweetness scores (r = 0.73, P < 0.01). Starch concentration varied with cultivar, but was not correlated with sensory quality. Water-soluble polysaccharide concentration varied with cultivar, storage time, and storage temperature, but did not correlate with sensory quality.


Pneumonia represents a severe health burden, being the 4th most common cause of death worldwide. When the causative microbe prevails, pneumonia can result in life threatening sepsis. Better understanding of the immune response during pneumonia and sepsis may provide insights that lead to new therapies. In this thesis we focused on the role of the intracellular signaling protein Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in host defense against bacterial pathogens. For this we made use of established mouse models for bacterial pneumonia and sepsis. We found that antibacterial defense in Btk deficient mice during pneumosepsis with K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae is not abrogated because of the lack of B cells and natural antibodies. Instead, Btk expression in myeloid cells, including macrophages and granulocytes, is essential for antibacterial defense against both pathogens. In addition to finding new therapies against sepsis, it is important to identify patient at risk so that preventive measures can be taken. Therefore in this thesis we also focused on patients with absent or diminished splenic function that are at risk for developing overwhelming post splenectomy sepsis. We performed a literature review to assess existing tests that measure splenic function and we conducted a study with volunteers that are healthy, asplenic or have sickle cell disease to compare these tests. Our results show that scintigraphy is the most accurate method to asses splenic function. Moreover, we found that analysis of particular erythrocytes and B lymphocytes in blood are a good first line screening methods before the more costly and time consuming scintigraphy is performed.


A procedure is described which combines an intracranial and facial approach to allow en-bloc excision of cancer arising in the ethmoid sinuses. A forehead flap is used to provide stable repair of the bony and dural defect in the roof of the orbit and cranial fossa.


During the 1990's, it is expected that VSAT networks will be frequently used to interconnect LANs. The appropriate network protocols and techniques for such interconnection do not necessarily parallel those in the terrestrial nctwork world. Spccifically, the limited bandwidth and star topology of VSAT networks suggest that "optimum" LANWAN strategies using VSATs are much different than their terrcstrial counterparts. Further, the internal protocols cmployed in a VSAT nctwork can significantly "make or brcak" the flexibility and performance of a LAN interconncction using VSATs. This paper examincs the performance issucs relatcd to LAN interconnection via VSAT nctworks, suggests tradcofrs among various interconnection strategics, including impact on VSAT nodc design.


Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) is used for the detection of minor effects of toxicants in biotic communities. Organisms survive in toxic environments only if they are tolerant to the chemicals present in their habitat. In the selection phase, toxicants hinder the success of sensitive individuals and species and replace them by more tolerant ones. The resulting increase in community tolerance is quantified in the detection phase by short-term toxicity tests. In this way PICT can establish causal linkages between contaminants and effects. An increase in community tolerance compared to the baseline tolerance at reference sites suggests that the community has been adversely affected by toxicants. PICT has been used in aquatic and terrestrial environments with communities of periphyton, phytoplankton, bacteria, nematodes and insects. A variety of methods have been used for quantification of community tolerance including photosynthesis, sulfolipid synthesis, respiration, thymidine and leucine incorporation, survival, and substrate utilisation patterns. PICT has been observed for copper, zinc, nickel, mercury, cadmium, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, diuron, tributyl tin, 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol, irgarol 1051, seanine 211, atrazine, and trinitrotoluene. It is necessary to validate PICT, at least by showing that it is related to the preexposure concentration of the toxicants and that it is coupled to a toxicant-induced succession (TIS) in the community. Care must also be taken to ascertain that PICT interpretation is not confounded by co-tolerance or bioavailability differences. Co-tolerance patterns, which are indicative of the specificity of PICT, have only been investigated for arsenate, diuron and a few metals. For the further improvement of PICT methodology special attention should be given to co-tolerance patterns and development of new integrating short-term tests for quantification of tolerance. It is also important to broaden the scope of organisms and toxicants used. Properly validated, PICT is a powerful tool for detection of community effects and its use in monitoring and site-specific risk assessment should be encouraged.


The two papers address questions related to the role and place of small, developing countries in the global trading system and in multilateral trade negotiations, reflecting the resurgence of interest in recent years in size-related constraints to development and to participation of small economies in international trade.


Nowadays, more and more modern heating systems are not installed in separated rooms, so the expectation of noise comfort has been increased for the last years. A noise and vibration optimization was made at an electric motors b‐sided endshield. Sometimes, the old endshield emitted airborne noise. This was caused by the structure‐borne noise of the bearings together with a mode of the endshield. A modal analysis was made to detect the disturbing mode. The amazing thing of this test was that the (0,1) mode frequency has a higher resonance frequency as the (1,1) mode. Normally the (1,1) mode frequency has a 1.594 higher frequency than the (0,1) mode resonance [N. H. Fletcher and T. D. Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments (1991), pp. 69–71]. The b‐sided bearings can make a mass coupling from the rotor to the endshield in radial direction, but not in this way in the axial direction. The (1,1) mode of the endshield had nearly the same structure‐borne amplitude as the (0,1) mode, but the (1,1) mode does not transmit airborne noise. This depends on the mechanical dimensions of the (1,1) mode, because this mode is working with its dimensions on an acoustical short circuit on air.


A close analysis of the Republic s diverse literary styles shows how the peculiarities of verbal texture in Platonic discourse can be explained by Plato s remolding of tropes and techniques from poetry and the Presocratics. This book argues that Plato smuggles poetic language into the Republic s prose in order to characterize the deceitful coloration and polymorphy that accompanies the world of Becoming as opposed to the Real. Plato s distinctive discourse thus can transmit, even to those figures focused on the visual within his Republic, the shiftiness of the base and the unjust.


The E2A gene encodes two E protein/class I basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, E12 and E47, that are essential for B lymphopoiesis. In addition to the DNA-binding and protein dimerization domain, the E proteins share two highly conserved transcription activation domains. In this study, we show that both activation domains are required for optimal E2A-dependent transcription. Surprisingly, however, neither activation domain is required for E2A to rescue B lymphopoiesis from E2A (cid:1) / hemopoietic progenitors, although the N terminus of E2A, which harbors some transcription capacity, is required. Therefore, the E protein activation domains function redundantly in promoting B cell development. In contrast, the N-terminal activation domain, AD1, is required for a newly described ability of E2A to suppress macrophage development in vitro. Our findings demonstrate distinct functionalities for the E protein activation domains in B lymphocytes and macrophages. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180: 1694–1703. from cells in the and (1). This developmental program is marked by the progressive loss of myeloid differentiation potential followed by activation of lym-phoid-associated genes and commitment to the B lymphocyte lineage (2). The mechanisms underlying the loss of myeloid potential and induction of the B cell gene program are not fully understood but appear to involve the activation of transcription regulatory proteins that promote or repress gene expression. Activation of the B cell gene program is dependent on numerous transcription factors including Bcl11a, E2A, early B cell factor (EBF1), 3 Pax5, Pu.1, and Sox4 (2–4). E2A, EBF1,


A 24 year female with clouding of cornea, coarse facies, gapping of teeth, large tongue, claw hand, hepatomegaly, umbilical hernia was diagnosed as a case of Hurler-Scheie Disease. An unusual feature was that the patient was having Dextrocardia, not reported yet as cardiac feature of Hurler-Scheie's Disease. An Ophthalmologist should examine not only eyes but also systematically to come to a final diagnosis in such rare disease with rare feature. 1 Hurler-Scheie's syndrome is an autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis which results in reduced activity of the enzyme a-L-iduronidase with subsequent accumulation in the tissues of heparan and dermatan sulphate. The syndrome represents a spectrum of disease, patients with the more severe, rapidly progressive disease being classified as Hurler's syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis I-H) and those less severely affected as Scheie's syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis I-S). 2


The long-term effects of Zn( Ⅱ) on the properties and pollutant removal efficiencies of aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors( SBR) were investigated systematically. The results show that Zn( Ⅱ) with a concentration less than or equal to 5 mg / L has a slight effect on the properties and pollutant removal efficiencies of aerobic granular sludge. When the concentration of Zn( Ⅱ) is greater than or equal to 10 mg / L,the pollutant removal efficiencies of the sludge are reduced,leading to variations of the mass concentration of mixed liquid suspended solids( MLSS) and the sedimentation rate,granular size,and structure of the sludge. Along with the long-term effects of Zn( Ⅱ),the average diameter of granules decreased,the sludge structure loosened,and the sedimentation ability deteriorated,which,finally,resulted in the decrease of the MLSS concentration. After 10 and15 mg / L Zn( Ⅱ) were separately dosed for 76 days,the removal rates decreased to 84. 3% and 75. 1%,respectively,for NH+4-N,and 90. 1% and 85. 7%,respectively,for COD; the MLSS concentration dropped to3 658 and 3 225 mg / L,respectively; the sludge volume index( SVI) increased to 94 and 99 m L / g,respectively;the average particle size decreased to 0. 58 and 0. 37 mm, respectively; and parts of the granular sludge disintegrated.


Turbochargers are widely used on commercial automotive vehicles, power generation and marine applications. A comprehensive model for a turbocharger would be an effective tool for fault detection. In this paper, research focus on mathematical modelling of turbochargers supported on floating ring bearings in rotordynamics. Nonlinear hydrodynamic forces are considered in order to describe the dynamic behaviour of the rotor system. Following model development, a numerical simulation is implemented. Vibration of turbocharger and floating ring under the influence of rotor imbalance are predicted. is much weaker. The simulation results show the existence of the phenomenon 'oil whirl' of


Preliminary note This progressive work-document should simplify reflection about teaching mathematics in a foreign language, especially in the schools' European departments. It aims at harmonizing practices concerning the recruitment of teachers, teaching and evaluating, in this particular field, according to the official instructions. It was written in collaboration with mathematics and language Inspectors, and approved by language and mathematics think tanks of the National Education's general inspection.


Introduction The development of an endothelial covering on artificial vascular prostheses has been considered as an important and attractive approach for rendering implantable products efficient and durable. Endothelial cells are critical for the modulation of vascular tone, and are the ideal biocompatible interface between blood and synthetic materials. Recently, tissue engineering methods, that make use of biodegradable structured scaffolds upon which cells can proliferate, replacing the scaffold with extra-cellular matrix as it degrades, have been proposed as viable alternatives to traditional vascular prostheses. The endothelium is a dynamic organ that responds to various physical (1-3) and humoral conditions, by producing several biologically active substances, both vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, which control these processes. In particular, nitric oxide (NO) which is continuously synthesized by the endothelium, has a wide range of biological properties that contribute to maintain vascular homeostasis. Release and effects of NO are counteracted by endogenous vasoconstrictor agents, and among them, the most predominant is endothelin-1, that promotes platelet aggregation and smooth muscle cell proliferation in opposition to NO. The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of physical and structural stimuli on the production of important indicators of endothelial function, namely endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO). We have used the bioreactor to study the response of endothelial cells at different levels of shear stress. As a baseline test, we measured the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) for various levels of shear stress. In parallel experiments, we analysed the effect of a structured synthetic scaffolds on ET-1 and NO production.


This paper presents a theoretical basis for implementing a music/dance-based reality orientation (RO) program. A scientific study that tests the efficacy of music/dance RO versus traditional RO is described. The results show a nonsignificant increase in orientation in those patients who received music/ dance-based RO therapy. Patients with severe Organic Brain Syndrome made fewer gains in reality orientation in both groups, but all members showed substantial social and emotional improvement. Practical considerations and techniques in facilitating music/dance RO groups are given. An attempt has been made to gear this information toward the nonmusician and nondancer.


Booksellers, despairing of getting the books they had ordered, gave up trying. He had acute storage problems' (12). Caton refused, except in extreme circumstances, to use the telephone, Nicholas Moore, Stevens and the Fortune Press 1 75.


One of the most important aspects of Value-Based Management is identification of the value factors that have the greatest impact on the value of the enterprise, and risk factors in order to monitor and to control them. In this article the system of value factors of the company is proposed. Also the process of building a predictive model of industrial enterprise on the basis of value factors, using qualitative simulation is considered.


The spatial distribution of precipitation is still largely represented by geostatistical methods of interpolation and in semiarid areas requires recurrent studies due to their temporal variability. So, the present research aimed to compare the performance of five interpolation methods: Inverse of Square Distance (ISD), Kriging with a spherical and an exponential semivariogram model, Natural neighbor and Spline regularized or also denominated of surface of minimum curvature. For that, were used data of annual average rainfall of a period of twenty years (1991 to 2010) of 252 rain gauges. As a form of evaluation and determination of the most appropriate method, the technique of cross-validation was chosen as the criterion of comparison, determining the root mean square error (RMSE), mean deviation (MBE) and coefficient of determination (r²) between the estimated data and the observed data. The results show that the interpolation by exponential Kriging method resulted in a smaller mean square error (164,09), showing that it is the interpolator of better spatial representation for the data set under study, however the method of interpolation by Spiline obtained the highest coefficient of determination (0,5112) which defines a better arrangement between the estimated values and the observed values.


Cape Town street scene showing one man with a bottle in his hand, who appears to be under the influence of alcohol, with two women, one of whom is smoking a pipe, watching the man, with a third woman asleep at the edge of the road beneath a wall on which appear various notices, one of which is about a meeting of the Temperance Society. Title taken from original painting.


Managerial myopia literature: learning theory, institutional investors' role, compensation structure and industry context. Investments and pay-outs preferences: presentation of the current trends. Long-term objectives and R&D valuation: does market myopia exist? The ITalian stock market case: is market myopia present in the Italian context?


Diabetes mellitus is a disease with numerous complications. Operative control of diabetes depends on individual-monitoring and essence-care activities such as blood glucose monitoring, suitable diet and nutrition, exercise regimen and medication administration strategies.


Underachievers' educational work has always been a key and difficult point in class management. The paper first defines the concept of underachievers, then investigates the root cause for underachievers' transformation work, analyzes the formation causes of underachievers from both internal and external aspects, and clarifies their six major psychological characteristics. Based on experience summarization, the eight suggestions for underachievers' education work are refined, with a view to providing useful ideas and references for the majority of class teachers to do a good job in educational transformation of underachievers.


Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response is impaired in patients with schizophrenia and in animals acutely treated with dopamine agonists and NMDA antagonists. In this study, we investigated the time course of PPI disruption induced by repeated amphetamine, quinpirole, phencyclidine (PCP), and dizocilpine (MK-801) treatment. We focused on how PPI disruption development was influenced by drug administration regimens, comparing a constant versus an es- calating dosing regimen. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were repeatedly treated with amphetamine (1.25–5.0 mg/kg, or con stant 5.0 mg/kg, sc), PCP (0.50–2.0 mg/kg, or constant 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, sc), quinpirole (0.03–0.12 mg/kg, or constant 0.12 mg/kg, sc), MK-801 (0.025–0.10 mg/kg, or constant 0.10 mg/kg, sc) or vehicle (saline) and tested for PPI once daily for 6 consecutive days. When amphetamine 5.0 mg/kg or quinpirole 0.12 mg/kg was administrated on a constant dos - ing schedule, both drugs disrupted PPI upon acute administration, but had no effect after repeated treatment and testing (days 2–5). However, when amphetamine 5.0 mg/kg or quinpirole 0.12 mg/kg was preceded by two lower doses in an esca - lating dosing regimen, both drugs still disrupted PPI on days 5 and 6 when the constant amphetamine and quinpirole had no effect. For PCP and MK-801, repeated treatment under both regimens produced a stable and persistent disruption of PPI. Startle magnitude increased progressively and dose-dependently under both regimens for all drugs except for quin -pirole, which caused a decrease. These results suggest that the drug dosing schedule, rather than the absolute amount of drug that an animal receives, has a greater impact on the development of PPI-disruptive effect of dopamine agonists than NMDA antagonists. Thus, in order to mimic the emerging process of PPI deficit with dopamine agonists, an escalating dosing regimen should be used.


The purpose of the article is to determine the location and direction of development of the automated systems of education at the present stage. When writing this article used analysis methods of modern education and generalization of the results. Predict the prospects of automated learning systems is difficult, because their development is influenced by many circumstances, many of which can not affect either the developers or potential users. Also, it is connected with the need to purchase expensive equipment. The development of distance learning also affects the overall economy.


Financial deficits are a common phenomenon in a nation's economic development under the circumstances of market economy. Financial deficits can play certain active role in special condition, however, if the national economy is always in the state of financial deficits or the size of deficits are too big, it will make a burden of the finance and cause the financial risk. Hence the government of every country attached great importance to the remedy of financial deficits.


The managers are the supervisors in the private enterprise,however,they are employed by the owners,and their wage is the value performance of the management work which belongs to the production work.Though the manager's wage is not decided singly by the management work,it also is influenced by many factors.Because each kind of management work contributes in the production differently,thus it has the great difference in attaining their rewards.


handbook of bereavement theory research and intervention is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the handbook of bereavement theory research and intervention is universally compatible with any devices to read.


We consider a setup in which Alice selects a pdf f from a set of prescribed pdfs P and sends a prefix-free codeword W to Bob in order to allow him to generate a single instance of the random variable X ~ f. We describe a universal coding scheme for this setup and establish an upper bound on the expected codeword length when the pdf f is bounded, orthogonally concave (which includes quasiconcave pdf), and has a finite first absolute moment. A dyadic decomposition scheme is used to express the pdf as a mixture of uniform pdfs over hypercubes. Alice randomly selects a hypercube according to its weight, encodes its position and size into W, and sends it to Bob who generates X uniformly over the hypercube. Compared to previous results on channel simulation, our coding scheme applies to any continuous distribution and does not require two-way communication or shared randomness. We apply our coding scheme to classical simulation of quantum entanglement and obtain a better bound on the average codeword length than previously known.


Greatly stimulated by the formation of Conrail, with consequent abandonment of mileage of the predecessor roads and the provision of some federal and state-local subsidy, a number of new railroads were formed to take over lines omitted from Conrail, lines abandoned by other railroads, and lines which major carriers wished to spin off. This article brings up to date the experience since 1984 up to January 1, 1993 both with the lines that had been formed prior to 1984 and those formed since.


In the promotional advertisement for this atlas is the following statement: "Atlas of Indian Nations is a comprehensive resource for those interested in Native American history and culture. Told th...


Co–Sm and Co–Pr films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurement were used to study the microstructure and magnetic property relationship. The nanostructure of the as-deposited Co 19 at. % Sm films consists of two phases: the amorphous phase and the crystallite phase. Upon annealing at 600 °C, the Co 5 Sm phase with the Cu 5 Ca structure, having grain size of about 20 nm, is obtained along with high coercivity (cid:126) 45 kOe (cid:33) . The as-deposited Co 22 at. % Sm films also have nanostructure similar to the Co 19 at. % films except the volume fraction of the crystallite is reduced. This is related to the concentration of Sm which promotes the formation of the amorphous phase. A new metastable phase Co 3 Sm is formed upon annealing of the Co 22 at. % Sm film at 500 °C. This phase has the DO 19 structure in which the Sm atoms take ordered positions of a triangular pattern in the close-packed planes. A relatively high coercivity value of 29 kOe was obtained from this phase. The as-deposited Co–Pr films show mainly an amorphous phase. Upon annealing at 500 °C for 20 min, Co 2 Pr with the Mg 2 Cu-type structure was identified in the Co 35 at. % Pr film. Two phases were identified in the Co 16 at. % Pr films. Coercivities up to 3.1 kOe were achieved in these films. © 1998 American Institute of Physics. (cid:64) S0021-8979 (cid:126) 98 (cid:33) 30611-8 (cid:35)


An element a in a ring R is called left morphic if there exists b ∈ R such that 1 R ( a ) = R b and 1 R ( b ) = R a . R is called left morphic if every element of R is left morphic. An element a
in a ring R is called left π -morphic (resp., left G -morphic) if there exists a
 positive integer n such that a n (resp., a n with a n ≠ 0 )
 is left morphic. R is called left π -morphic (resp., left G -morphic) if every element
of R is left π -morphic (resp., left G -morphic). In this paper, the G -morphic problem and π -morphic problem of group rings are studied.


This study investigates the opinions of faculty members on the subject of academic integrity at two state universities in the western United States. Results show strong similarities for both universities. Most faculty members are lenient to first offenders and would counsel students after plagiarism is discovered. However, as a group they do little to promote student awareness on what constitutes academic dishonesty. Further, although most faculty members are more stringent in their reactions to second time offenders, most admit there is no tracking of such activities in their departments or schools. The faculties believe that student academic integrity is a problem at both schools.


In 1963, Barany 1 presented an elegant theoretical discussion of aqueous humor dynamics. The possible modes of aqueous formation included a pump or secretion of aqueous into the eye and an ultrafiltration of aqueous from the intraocular capillaries to the lower-pressure eye cavity. Barany called the proposed pressure-dependent ultrafiltration "pseudofacility," since when trabecular outflow facility ("true facility") is measured by any procedure that elevates intraocular pressure (P i ) (perfusion of the aqueous space, tonography, perilimbal suction cup) the increased P i diminishes the pressure head between blood and eye cavity and decreases the rate of aqueous formation by ultrafiltration; the decreased aqueous inflow could easily be confused with the increased aqueous outflow also resulting from the imposed P i elevation, and hence would be a false facility or pseudofacility. Stimulated by Barany's theoretical discussion, Brubaker and Kupfer 2 and Bill and Barany 3 searched for evidence of the formation of


In order to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and promote fair distribution of oil resource income,the increase of oil resource tax becomes the key factor of the resource tax reform.The analysis shows that increasing oil resources tax under the certain condition will affect neither the oil price nor the optimum allocation of petroleum resources;even in the case that resource tax will generate marginal cut-offgrade results,it will also benefit to long-term optimum allocation of petroleum resources.From the perspective of reasonable distribution of resource revenue,the increase of petroleum resource tax and rational use of resource tax income,will not only increase management efficiency of petroleum enterprises,but also promote the fairness of income distribution,optimize tax structure,improve social economic efficiency and maintains economic sustainable development.


The post-buckling problem of a large deformed beam is analyzed using the canonical dual finite element method (CD-FEM). The feature of this method is to choose correctly the canonical dual stress so that the original non-convex potential energy functional is reformulated in a mixed complementary energy form with both displacement and stress fields, and a pure complementary energy is explicitly formulated in finite dimensional space. Based on the canonical duality theory and the associated triality theorem, a primal–dual algorithm is proposed, which can be used to find all possible solutions of this non-convex post-buckling problem. Numerical results show that the global maximum of the pure-complementary energy leads to a stable buckled configuration of the beam, while the local extrema of the pure-complementary energy present unstable deformation states. We discovered that the unstable buckled state is very sensitive to the number of total elements and the external loads. Theoretical results are verified through numerical examples and some interesting phenomena in post-bifurcation of this large deformed beam are observed.


Rapid advances in Internet and network technology affect dramatically on Congestion control methods. Congestion generally occurs when the router buffer cannot accommodate all arriving packets. This paper proposed an Adaptive Gentle Adaptive Random Early Detection (AGARED) method based on Adaptive Gentle Random Early Detection (AGRED) method and Adaptive Random Early Detection (ARED). AGARED tries to detect the congestion in early stage before the router buffer overflows. The proposed algorithm combine advantages of both AGRED and ARED, and enhance the parameter setting of average queue length (aql). AGARED is simulated using NS-2 by varying the variable of average queue length, minthreshold and maxthreshold to create different scenarios. The simulation results reveals that AGARED offers marginally better performance results than previous methods. Therefore, the results prove that AGARED is an effective method in controlling congestion router buffers of networks. Whereby, improve networks performance.


This paper,from seven aspects,discusses on the spirit quality of the innovation culture,the contemporary significance of the innovative culture,and advances three basic paths of transmitting and popularizing the innovation culture,thus reveals that only by better popularizing the innovation culture,the innovation vitality may be triggered more efficiently among the society,and then the public scientific spirit,innovation awareness and ability can be cultivated to promote the building process of the innovation-oriented country.


During the debugging process of the hydraulic powered support test platform,due to the limitation of the displacement sensor and the approach switch,manual operations would be required under the many conditions. According to the manual operations relied on the images from the camera, with the image digitalization and with the video identification and judgment program,the images from the camera could be analyzed and an intelligent judgment technology could be provided. After the application,the cost of the measuring and control system applied to the test platform could be reduced. Once the displacement sensor could be applied,the stability of the measuring and control system applied to the test platform could be improved.


Arguing that Reformed churches are faced with very characteristic challenges and opportunities in Africa today, the article illustrates this claim with a narrative rooted in recent South African experiences. It tells the story of the birth of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa in the struggle against apartheid in society and church and of some of the ways in which this story continued on African soil. It uses four strategic moments in this story, linked to the name of four places in Africa – Belhar, Braamfontein, Kitwe and Elmina – to reflect on four characteristics of Reformed ecclesiology that are again experienced as challenges and opportunities for Reformed churches in Africa, today. These moments deal respectively with the challenge to be a confessing church, to embody the confession, to face injustice and destruction, and to faithfully practise these convictions in the social form and everyday life of the church.


organization. The purpose of this paper is to present the fact of crisis management in the European Union. Furthermore, it indicates basic legal regulations, both the treaty and the secondary law. The security system of European communities, including statutes that establish the ability of crisis response, are based on the treaty and the secondary law.


Abstract I was enthralled by the energy at the stadium. I was captivated by the visual choreography and visceral energy of fans chanting, jumping and shouting together. For me, the anonymous individuals at the stadium were the spectacle. In graduate school, I learned systematic approaches to research, but the tools of analysis never interested me as much as the thing itself – the social life that occurs in and around a stadium. My goal was to get to the heart of football fandom in Rome, plain and simple. Ultimately, I tried to conceptualize the culture, and wrap my findings into an academic narrative that expresses how important fandom is to the people in the stands. Football fandom is about passion that transcends rationality, and makes life more meaningful for those who partake. The question of how to articulate that phenomenon is an open one. This essay grapples with that question.


Most topical preparations are meant to be applied to the skin and therefore basic knowledge of skin and its physiological function and biochemistry is very important for designing topical formulations. Sweat and fatty acids secreted from sebum influence the pH of the skin surface. It is advocated that the acidity of the skin helps in limiting or preventing the growth of pathogens and other organisms. One promising avenue is the use of herbal gels, which harness the power of natural compounds derived from plants to combat microbial infections. The aim of the study is to formulate and evaluate antibacterial gel containing Pongamia pinnata. Three formulations were developed by using suitable polymer(carbopol 934p). Developed formulations of herbal gel were evaluated for the physico-chemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, absorbance. This led to an outcome of the formulation of stable herbal gel possessing potent antibacterial activity.Three formulations were developed by using suitable polymer (carbopol 934p). Developed formulations of herbal gel were evaluated for the physico-chemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, absorbance.


Abstract In a time of advancing neoliberal educational practice globally (e.g. Roxborough, 1997, McCafferty, 2010), in the provision of public sector education as well as in assumptions regarding public educational purposes and curriculum development; this paper looks to a broader definition of education (e.g. Biesta, 2009). The authors argue that pedagogical proposal of the Community of Philosophical Inquiry as in the work of Matthew Lipman (e.g. 2002) and Ann Sharp, a model of educational praxis existent in over 60 countries world wide, can enable the advancement of a vision for deliberative democracy (Lipman, 1998) and social justice and contribute to educational theory and practice in ways which develop communicative rather than individualistic notions of autonomy (Code, 2006, p.170.). Philosophical inquiry, especially as discussed in this paper with adolescents, equips students with the tools to become more critical, to develop a more social and global awareness and consequently enable them to make more reflected moral judgments (Hannam & Echeverria, 2009, p.114). Drawing on practical examples from the direct experience of the authors in the UK and Mexico, as well as building on 40 years of research world wide, an argument is developed for embedding philosophical thinking into all educational environments as a means of forming transformative intellectuals (Giroux, 1988) and enabling a raising of awareness with regard to the consequences of the tacit acceptance of neoliberal educational policies. Furthermore, drawing on the writing of Hannah Arendt (1998) a view is advanced which suggests that deliberative and participatory democratic structures can be developed in our societies where the opportunity for careful thinking as well as conscious action taking can take place.


In an effort to assess the role of adaptive foraging behaviour to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity as a factor determining the success of the colony, we used single-colony individual-based spatial models for a visual foraging, the Great Blue Heron and a tactile foraging bird, the Wood Stork. The model followed simultaneously daily activities of individuals, their spatial movements, foraging efficiency, bioenergetics and growth of the nestlings during a nesting season. For each colony we used two scenarios; in the first, that depicted a normal nesting season, the extent and distribution of feeding sites led to successful reproduction for both species. In the second, we simulated increased precipitation regimes resulting in reversals in water depth (i.e. increases in depth during the dry season when water levels are normally falling). The results reveal that Wood Storks were significantly more adversely affected than Great Blue Herons by the prey dilution caused by the reversals in water depth. In the latter scenario where resources became scarce, resource predictability decreased. The foraging birds that foraged in groups exhibited low foraging success, resulting in poor reproductive performance. This result was more pronounced in the case of storks that foraged in groups than for herons foraging in groups. Concluding, increased variance in precipitation regimes is more likely to affect tactile rather than visual foraging bird species. Further, in harsh climatic conditions (increased precipitation and water level regimes) solitary foraging was more beneficial for wading birds than group foraging.


PART ONE: THE NATURE OF TASK GROUPS IN THE SOCIAL SERVICES The History of Task Groups in the Social Services The Variety of Task Groups Utilized PART TWO: THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTITIONER'S ROLE IN TASK GROUPS Planning, Composing and Recruiting a Task Group The Professional's Role on the Social Service Team The Practitioner's Responsibilities for the Functioning of Task Groups Handling Problematic Behaviors of the Task Group, Subgroups and Members PART THREE: PROBLEM-SOLVING TECHNIQUES The Problem-Solving Process Small Group Decision-Making Procedures Large Group Decision-Making Procedures Methods of Evaluating Composition, Process and Outcome in Task Groups


Cultural eutrophication is a global problem that often leads to hypoxic conditions in coastal systems. Although improving, our understanding of the impacts of hypoxia on trophic interactions in pelagic and benthopelagic food webs is limited. Toward this end, we evaluated diet composition of and mass-specific consumption by the Atlantic Bumper Chloroscombrus chrysurus, a numerically dominant planktivorous fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico, relative to dissolved oxygen concentration and fish size. Atlantic Bumper CPUE was similar in hypoxic and normoxic areas. Mean mass-specific consumption by small Atlantic Bumpers in hypoxic areas was greater than that of both small and large individuals in normoxic areas. The most commonly ingested prey type for both large and small Atlantic Bumpers was shrimp larvae. Large quantities of fish larvae were consumed by adult Atlantic Bumpers in hypoxic regions. These findings demonstrate that hypoxic conditions can alter feeding of dominant fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which may influence energy flow in the region. Hypoxia (dissolved oxygen [DO] ≤ 2 mg/L) is an environmental stressor that has grown in prominence in aquatic ecosystems worldwide (Rabalais et al. 2009). Hypoxia occurs naturally in many marine systems that are characterized by phenomena such as coastal upwelling, high productivity, and stratification (Rabalais et al. 2010). However, human activities, such as intensive agriculture practices and land use changes, have caused the magnitude and extent of hypoxia to increase (Turner et al. 2008; Bianchi et al. 2010). Within the United States, there are many systems that experience seasonal hypoxia, including Long Island Sound, Chesapeake Bay, and the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOMEX; Anderson and Taylor 2001; Rabalais et al. 2001; Hagy et al. 2004). The NGOMEX is the site of one of the world's largest human-caused coastal hypoxic zones, with an area exceeding 20,000 km in some years (Rabalais et al. 2001; Turner et al. 2008; Bianchi et al. 2010). It also supports profitable commercial and recreational fisheries for the Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus, King Mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla, Sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus, Dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus, and shrimp species, including white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus (NMFS 2016). The effects of hypoxia on these commercial and recreational fisheries are of particular interest given recent evidence for hypoxia-related declines in productivity for brown shrimp (O'Connor and Whitall 2007; Huang et al. 2010). Hypoxia holds great potential to alter food web interactions (Pihl et al. 1991; Diaz and Rosenberg 1995; O'Connor and Whitall 2007). Reduced oxygen levels, which typically form in the bottom layer of the water column (Diaz and Rosenberg 2008), have been shown to both increase (Pierson et al. 2009; Craig 2012; Roman et al. 2012) and decrease (Taylor and Rand 2003; Ludsin et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009) the spatial overlap between predators and prey. When prey habitat is compressed into the layer of water adjacent to the hypoxic zone, predators may be able to take advantage of dense prey resources, thus increasing trophic transfer (Prince and Goodyear 2006). However, several field studies have reported evidence that zooplankton use hypoxic bottom water as a refuge from predation (Vanderploeg et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009), which may interrupt trophic interactions. In addition, several studies have used information on species distribution shifts to measure the potential impact of hypoxia on fish growth (Costantini et al. 2008; Arend et al. 2011; Brandt et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2014). Although these studies have no doubt improved our ability to assess the potential impact of hypoxia on food webs, few studies in the NGOMEX have actually quantified the impact of hypoxia on diet composition, especially for pelagic species (Rabotyagov et al. 2014). We explored how hypoxia affects the diet of the Atlantic Bumper Chloroscombrus chrysurus, a numerically dominant pelagic species in the NGOMEX (S anchez-Ram ırez 2003; Lewis et al. 2007; Craig and Bosman 2013). The Atlantic Bumper is an important food source for a variety of commercially and recreationally important fishes (Shaw and Drullinger 1990; Leffler and Shaw 1992). Although the Atlantic Bumper is a common member of the NGOMEX pelagic community, little is known about its diet either in the presence or absence of hypoxia. Therefore, we also focused on quantifying differences in diet based on Atlantic Bumper size. We hypothesized that consumption by Atlantic Bumpers is lower in hypoxic areas than in normoxic areas because fish experience a spatial mismatch with prey such as zooplankton and pelagic larvae, which exhibit vertical migration to avoid predators (Hopkins 1982; Nielson and Perry 1990) and can use the hypoxic zone as a refuge from predation (Breitburg et al. 1999; Ludsin et al. 2009). In addition, we expected diet composition to vary (1) between hypoxic and normoxic areas due to speciesspecific differences in zooplankton responses to hypoxia (Kimmel et al. 2009; Elliott et al. 2012; C. N. Glaspie and colleagues, unpublished manuscript) and (2) between small and large Atlantic Bumpers due to ontogenetic shifts in 2 GLASPIE ET AL.


Two low-temperature and high-pressure eclogite zones,which are separated by the Tongbaishan high-grade complex,were recognized in the Tongbaishan area.The detailed petrological observation and P-T estimation on four eclogites and their retrograde equivalents indicate that the two zones were formed at different conditions,530~610℃ and 1.7~2.0GPa for the northern zone,and 470~520℃ and 1.3~1.7GPa for the southern zone.This suggests that the two zones do not belong to the same high-pressure slice, and correspond to the Huwan eclogite zone (Zone Ⅰ) and the Qijiaoshan eclogite zone (Zone Ⅴ) from western Dabieshan,respectively. Electron microprobe analyses reveal that all the garnets from eclogites show progressive chemical zoning.By contrast,the zonation of garnets from retrograde eclogites is more complicated.For a single garnet porphyroblast,an earlier prograssive recrystallization at increasing temperature is recorded in the core,a further replacement at lower temperature in the inner rim,and a later gowth at higher temperature in the outer rim.If so,a"hairpin-type"P-T path could be deduced from the Tongbaishan eclogites.Such a path implies that the eclogites were slowly uplifted at decreasing temperature from the deep levels,which is different from the fast exhumation model established for the most high- and ultrahigh-pressure rocks.The later retrograde metamorphism of eclogites occurs at higher geothermal gradient in the medium crust.


Objective: to assess health and functional capacity of older people with a functional dependence, for self care, as the elements to guide nursing care and family care at home. Methodology: transversal descriptive study in 40 people of 65 years of age and older with a functional dependence, looked after by relatives in Envigado Colombia; convenience sampling. Assessment of the functional capacity using the Katz index and Lawton and Brody's scale, adjusted as per the Neurosciences Group, University of Antioquia. Findings: population between 67 and 98 years old, average age 84,08; 82,5% women. Major organ systems most affected: cardiovascular, osteomuscular and neurological; between 47,5% and 27,5% of the older people had them compromised. Two different behaviors were identified: men and older people, with greater degrees of dependence for basic and instrumental activities; no statistical association was determined due to the small size of the sample. Basic activities were affected as follows: between 67,5% and 55% of the older people needed help; and instrumental activities were compromised: between 95% and 75% of the older people are totally dependent when executing them. Conclusions: Nursing should consider assessment of the functional capacity formulated to the health and integral situation of the older people, in order to guide their care and to support family caregivers. Besides, this will prevent unnecessary care dependences which would be against older people's aspirations as an autonomous and independent individual. It is job of the nursing professional to train family caregivers on assessment of the functional capacity.


The flame atomic absorption spectrometry was applied to determine copper,lead,cadmium,manganese,zinc and iron in traditional chinese herbs,to find out the metal elements content level in herbs before and after extraction.The result showed that the content of all the metal elements had reduced in very degrees after extraction.It is provides some reference basses of how to eliminate the Pb,Cu.


Abstract. Determinations of SO3 and Cl contents of igneous accessory apatite were carried out on Late Cenozoic intermediate to silicic intrusive and volcanic rocks in the Japanese island arcs of the western Pacific rim including the southwestern Kuril arc (eastern Hokkaido), Northeast Japan arc (southwestern Hokkaido through northeastern Honshu to central Honshu), Izu‐Bonin arc, Kyushu‐Palau ridge, Southwest Japan arc (northern Kyushu) and northern Ryukyu arc (southern Kyushu). These were compared to those from the Western Luzon arc, Philippines, to better understand the metallogenesis of porphyry Cu deposits in the western Pacific island arcs. In addition, SO3 and Cl contents of accessory apatite in the Cretaceous magnetite‐series granitic rocks in the Kitakami belt (northeastern Honshu) and the Miocene ilmenite‐series granitic rocks in the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan (southern Kyushu) were also examined.


A Spy in the House of Medicine tells everything you always wanted to know about medical care in this country but were afraid to ask. Dr George Silver's authoritative writing reflects his expertise as a family doctor, local health officer, professor of social medicine and public health, and Secretary of Health with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The book traces the historical development of American medicine and interestingly roots its current status in the past. It then pinpoints a wide variety of problems in medical care delivery in this country and, chapter by chapter, offers solutions or at least alternatives. Even the most partisan supporters of our controversial system will be convinced that improvement is not only advisable but inevitable. Access and availability of medical care and the selection and education of American physicians are widely discussed. Physicians are poorly distributed, not only geographically, but sociologically. The physician-patient


A conflict resolution maneuver consists of two phases: avoidance and recovery. The goal of the avoidance maneuver is to increase the miss distance until it meets the separation standard, while the recovery maneuver seeks to merge with the nominal trajectory that was interrupted by the avoidance maneuver. Determination of the recovery maneuver can be non-trivial if there is an arrival time constraint at a downstream waypoint, because the conflict avoidance maneuver generally introduces a time delay. An analytical treatment of the integrated conflict resolution (avoidance plus recovery) problem has been developed, building on a Geometric Optimization approach for solving the conflict avoidance problem. A family of solutions for conflict resolution with an arrival time constraint has been generated and presented. Of particular interest is a special conflict avoidance solution, called the Delay Compensated solution. This solution avoids the conflict by blending a heading change with a speed change in such a way that the delay introduced by the path stretching is exactly cancelled out by the increased speed; hence the corresponding recovery maneuver is executed at the nominal speed. Unlike the standard speed and heading change avoidance solutions, which are often limited by aircraft performance, the Delay Compensated solutions remain feasible even for very demanding constraints on arrival time.


Abstract The reactions of [1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium salts with nucleophiles were investigated. Theoretical investigation of reactivity descriptors and structural parameters of [1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium cation was carried out, and the reactivity centers of the model salts were located. An efficient general method for the synthesis of novel poly-functional derivatives of symmetric triazoles from [1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium halides was developed. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and single-crystal X-ray analysis.