Periarthritis of shoulder joint / adhesive capsulitis also commonly known as Frozen shoulder, occurs due to adhesion at the glenohumeral joint 1. The term "Frozen Shoulder" was first described in 1934 by Codman.2 The incidence of periarthritis of shoulder joint is around 3-5% in the general population3. It is more common in females4 and develops between the ages of 40 to 70 years3. The main cause of painful restriction of movement in frozen shoulder is an inflammatory contracture of the joint capsule5. A meta-analysis showed that patients with diabetes were 5 times more likely than non-diabetics to have adhesive capsulitis. Also, the overall prevalence of adhesive capsulitis in diabetics was estimated at 13.4%6. According to a population-based followup study, patients with diabetes had an increased risk of developing adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint as compared to non-diabetics7. The increased incidence of adhesive capsulitis in diabetics might be due to the glycosylation of the collagen within the shoulder joint triggered by the presence of high blood sugar8.


From 1961 through 1987, 9, 247 patients underwent an intracardiac repair for valvular heart disease. Five hundred thirty patients had a procedure that included a tricuspid valve operation (6%), with tricuspid valve replacement performed in 175 patients (2%), of whom 154 had a bioprosthetic valve implanted (1.7%). These 154 patients with a bioprosthetic valve in the tricuspid position are the subject of this review. There were 27 males and 127 females. Ages ranged from 10 to 75 years. There was tricuspid valve insufficiency in 139 patients (90%), and stenosis plus insufficiency in 15 (10%). Carpentier‐Edwards prostheses were implanted in 83 (54%), lonescu‐Shiley in 55 (35%), Hancock in 12 (8%), and Mitroflow in 4 (3%). Concomitant procedures were performed in 146 patients (95%). At least one previous operation had been performed in 86 patients (56%). Preoperatively, 139 patients were in functional Class III or IV (90%). Hospital death occurred in 20 patients (13%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that incremental risk factors for hospital death included increasing peripheral edema preoperatively (p = 0.04), and use of a Hancock prosthesis in the tricuspid position (p = 0.03). All 134 hospital survivors were followed at a mean of 66.01 months, range 1 to 162 months. There were 70 late deaths (52%). Log‐rank test indicated that incremental risk factors for late death were: longer cross‐clamp time at repair (p = 0.0007); higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure preoperatively (p = 0.01); earlier date of surgery (p = 0.03); and larger tricuspid prosthesis size (p = 0.06). The incidence of valve‐related events for bioprostheses implanted in the tricuspid position was: paravalvular leak (0%), thrombosis (1%), and endocarditis (2%). Seventeen patients (12.7%) had structural failure of a bioprosthesis in the tricuspid position, with 15 having a reoperation performed at a mean of 74 months post repair. Fourteen of the patients undergoing reoperation required tricuspid valve re‐replacement, and one a tricuspid valve thrombectomy. Actuarial freedom from tricuspid valve re‐replacement was 70% at 10 years. Different bioprosthesis type was the sole incremental risk factor for the requirement for late tricuspid valve re‐replacement (p = 0.0001). We conclude that bioprostheses in the tricuspid position are at relatively low risk of valve‐related events. However, there is an important hazard for decreased overall survival in these patients. Risk factors for premature late death are related to earlier date of surgery, more complex repairs requiring prolonged aortic occlusion to accomplish, and signs of increasing right heart failure.


For transcending the shadow of death and casting off the loneliness of his childhood,Kawabata Yasunari accepted the worldview of Metempsychosis Concept from the Neosensualism period.This philosophy of the world has deeply influenced his writing style and captured the soul of the creation of his work.It also enabled him to possess the comprehensive emotion and poetic spirit which exceeded individual life and wentbeyond the temporal world of his youth time.


This paper provides a new model for assessing the performance of firms in their Knowledge Management (KM) endeavours. This research investigates and identifies the main determinants of successful KM processes. Firms have been accumulating and applying knowledge to create competitive advantages. The emphasis on knowledge management in contemporary firms is based on the notion that problems to the transfer and replication of knowledge bestow KM with strategic prominence. As a result, firms are at various stages of planning and implementing knowledge‐based strategies to improve their competitiveness in the marketplace. Moreover, there are human factors that facilitate or hinder the ability of firms and their staff to adopt and implement competitive, business technologies. Hence, the use of institutional theory to develop an integrative model in measuring the constructs of successful KM process capabilities is considered in this paper. The research model is tested with a survey study involving 682 firms in which data was collected over 6 months. The empirical results provided strong support for the model. In addition to its theoretical contributions, this study presents important practical suggestions through the identification of specific proficiencies leading to KM success.


Abstract Background and Aims Spectrum of acute severe respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ranges from mild to critical and probably mortality rate is largely underestimated. Complications may represent different manifestation of a profound endothelial dysfunction and injury. Biopsies reveal macro and microvascular thrombosis involving larger and smaller vessels. Different Authors described accumulation of inflammatory cells across vascular bed, viral inclusions and apoptotic bodies across vascular bed. Endotheliitis leads to loss of vessel integrity with bleedings and lumen restriction with tissue ischemia and necrosis. SARS-CoV-2 also can cause vasculitis and a systemic inflammatory vascular disease with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Several cases of vasculitis have been described during COVID-19 pandemy but in literature, to our knowledge, there are few cases of patients developing vasculitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Method A 59-year-old male patient in chronic haemodialysis with hypertension, chronic thrombocytopenia, uncertain history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and recent COVID-19 pneumonia (1 month before) was admitted to our E.R. with psycho-motor slowdown, dyspnoea, profound hypotension, diffuse and extensive purpura especially on extremities and nose with petechiae and ecchymoses, thrombocytopenia, widespread arthritis and myalgia and atrial fibrillation with high ventricular response. Laboratory tests revealed leucocytosis with elevation of inflammatory markers (GB 15.6 x 103/µL CRP 6.61 mg/dl, procalcitonin 2.64 ng/ml), thrombocytopenia (PLTs 55 x 103/µL), Hb 11.2 g/dl, increased amylase (444 UI/L) and lipase (608 UI/L), hyperkaliaemic metabolic acidosis, mild impaired blood clotting with normal fibrinogen and severe D-Dimer elevation (3453 mcg/ml), normal haptoglobin and bilirubin. SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test and three molecular swab tests (at admission and during recovery) were negative. Contrast-enhanced chest-abdomen CT did not demonstrate relevant findings. Results We suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, COVID-19 related vasculitis or an autoimmune disease reactivation after SARS-CoV-2 or other concurrent viral infections. A peripheral blood smear excluded presence of schistocytes, HBV, HCV, HIV, c-ANCA, p-ANCA, LAC anti-mitochondrial and ENA antibodies were negative, such as complement factor C4 (C3 at low limits). IgA immunoglobulins resulted increased (952 mg/dl). We administered intravenous (IV) hydration, analgesic therapy, broad spectrum antibiotics and Methylprednisolone 40 mg IV without benefit. Three days after clinical conditions were critical with further neurological deterioration and haemodynamic instability, consequently we started methylprednisolone 1 g/day IV for three days, followed by oral prednisone 25 mg/die with rapid improvement of clinical conditions and laboratory findings. A skin biopsy revealed a variable and discontinuous presence of C4d and IgM along capillary walls and traces of IgG, supporting the hypothesis of an immune-mediated vasculitic process. Patient was discharged in stable condition with Prednisone 25 mg/die per os. Later we learned that patient had been hospitalized again for severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia and septic shock with fatal outcome. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 clinical spectrum appears to be extremely varied; the direct cytolysis and the immune-mediated damage are among the most accredited hypotheses on disease physiopathology, but molecular mimicry mechanisms may also be involved. Vascular endothelium can be considered among the first targets. Vasculitis are frequently described in literature during COVID, this case, instead, is an anecdotal report of severe angiitis arising after swab negativization, underlying the possibility that hyperinflammation can either cause an autoimmune syndrome de novo or trigger a flare-up of a pre-existing condition.


In rare cases, malignant lymphoma may invade the aorta and mimic other aortic diseases; thus, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose from image examinations. In such patients, aortic disease may also be caused by degeneration of the aortic wall or necrosis due to chemotherapy. We present the case of a 78-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with an aneurysm or tumor adjacent to the aorta, in which open surgery was required for replacement of the abdominal main vessel. We discuss treatments for malignant lymphoma invading the aorta with reference to previous reports.


The article deals with the problem of coverage of the « Wisla » campaign on the pages of the « Lemkivshchyna » magazine. It was discovered that this topic was devoted to the largest number of diverse materials (scientific article, journalistic performances, belle-letters works). It has been investigated that the greatest publication was devoted to the commemoration of the 35th and 40th anniversary of the tragedy of the Ukrainians' Zakerzonia. It has been emphasized on the prominent role of the « Lemkivshchyna » editorial board in launching the academic discourse of the "Wisla" campaign. It was clarified that the « Lemkivshchyna » editorial board emphasized on the importance of collecting as much of the documents, evidences and facts about the events of 1947 as possible. For the purpose of this, the need to conduct interviews with the surviving witnesses on the destruction of Lemkivshchyna and store them in the form of video records for the archives of the Lemkivshchyna Research Foundation is vital. There was an appeal to collect the biggest amount of possible comparative photo material from the ancient (from before 1947) times and about the actual state of the same territories of Lemkivshchyna. There was discussion about the need to create scholarships for researchers who would like to work on the 1947th issue. At the same time, it was stressed on the necessity to publish all these works not only in Ukrainian, but also in world languages, mainly English. The idea was to find the historian of world glory who would write a monograph on these years in Lemkivshchyna. The « Lemkivshchyna » editors also appealed to Ukrainian patrons from the free world to raise funds for the funding of studies, research, scholarships and the publication of relevant materials on 1947, as well as to financially help those who want to return to their ancestral lands. There has been pointed out the importance of humanistic pathos devoted to the resettlement of materials. It was in the reasoned deconstruction of stereotypes imposed on Ukrainians regarding their history, culture and national character. The conclusions states that the publications of « Lemkivshchyna » worked out as a relay race, forcing fraternal peoples to come to a joint assessment of the tragedies of the past in order to prevent them from happening in the future.


Abstract: In recent years, fingerprint recognition has become more and more widely used in mobile phones. A fingerprint recognition device hidden under an opaque display panel designed based on a waveguide and frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) is proposed and demonstrated herein. In order to meet the demand for a high screen ratio for mobile phone displays, we use a symmetrical zoom-in and zoom-out coupler design. With this comprehensive coupler and waveguide design, not only can fingerprint recognition be achieved using an opaque display panel, but it also meets the appearance requirements for a mobile phone with a high screen ratio.


In this paper, we propose a variety of the time-domain shooing method for finding steady state responses of nonlinear circuits in order to implement it on SPICE-like simulators. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to the design of Class E amplifier. In the numerical examples, the proposed method is demonstrated using the latest version of Berkley SPICE. Steady state analysis of nonlinear circuits had been studied in the communities of microwave, circuits and systems, and communications. Recently, this study is again spotlighted due to increasing consumption rise of communication devices, computer, and electronics with wireless functions. Numerical methods for finding the steady state responses of nonlinear circuits are roughly categorized into the frequencydomain, the time domain shooting, and the mixed domain methods [1]. The frequency-domain method represents the steady state responses by Fourier series and then the circuit equation is solved at each frequency component. The timedomain shooting method is essentially a method for solving two point boundary value problem, because the solution is constrained so that the initial values of state variables are the same with the responses at the time equals to the period of a input [3]. The mixed domain method utilizes both advantages


Objective To investigate the methods of steroid supplement following adrenalectomy in the patients with Cushing syndrome.Methods The methods and outcome of steroid supplement following adrenalectomy in 75 cases of Cushing syndrome were retrospectively reviewed.Results Supraphysiological doses of glucocorticoid was given during the perioperative period,and the dosage was reduced gradually.Prednisone with a dosage of 5 to 7.5 mg was given once a day on discharge.In the patients with adrenocortical adenoma,4 to 15 month of steroid supplement was required.The patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy required lifelong steroid supplementation.Steroid withdrawal syndrome occurred during steroid tapering in 8 patients with adrenocortical adenoma,2 of them had normal plasma cortisol level.Conclusion In the patients with Cushing syndrome,even those with normal plasma cortisol level might have steroid withdrawal syndrome episodes during steroid tapering.


The effect of a mixture of ribonucleosides (adenosine + guanosine + uridin + cytidin) on the mortality of rats totally irradiated with a single 680 r unit dose was investigated. A statistically significant difference was observed between the survival curve of animals treated with the nucleoside mixture immediately after irradiation and the curve observed in the controls, In fact, the survival rate 14 days after irradiation was 40% in the treated group, whereas a 95% mortality rate was observed in the control group. The body weight also showed a different behavior in the two groups. After a rapid initial loss of weight, the initial values were not restored in the control group, whereas in the animals treated with the nucleoside mixture a gradual, marked increase in body weight was observed; in this group the weight was 35% greater at the end of the period of observation than initially. (auth)


Software systems deal with many concerns that are defined by the user or by the system requirements. These concerns are often implemented in multiple places throughout the source code, despite any decomposition technique that may be used. There are approaches and tools that try to separate concerns present in the system, usually using methods as the smallest unit of concern granularity. In this work we present an overview of such existing tools. Furthermore, we have conducted a case study to learn what level of granularity is considered useful for identifying concerns in the source code. The case study involved programmers identifying concerns within familiar codebases that covered multiple programming languages. The study shows the statement-level granularity is being generally used, while finer-grained concern resolution may not be of a great value.


A statistical theory for the X-ray diffuse scattering from disordered binary alloys is developed. It conveys the probability of finding ordered cells as a function of the distance from a given cell. These probabilities are related to the Warren short-range-order parameters. It is also shown that if part of the volume of the crystal is completely disordered, then its size can be calculated from the usual diffuse scattering measurements. Comparison with experiment shows clustering of ordered cells in disordered CuAu. For alloys which obey the Ornstein–Zernike pair correlation function just above Tc, such as β-brass, there is a clustering of ordered cells, but not an anti-phase domain structure.


ABSTRACT Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) can lead to complications that prolong hospital stays and result in patient discomfort as well as increased health care costs and mortality. At our academic medical center in New York City, in 2016-17, 21 of 87 CAUTI cases (24%) were in bedbound female patients in whom indwelling catheters were used for incontinence. Although condom catheters were available as an alternative to indwelling urinary catheters for male patients, there was a lack of effective products for female patients. Methods: A team of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) conducted a literature search, reviewed internal data on CAUTI rates and catheter use, and searched for available catheter alternatives that would meet the needs of bedbound female patients. The team identified two different external female urinary catheters and piloted both with a focus on efficacy as well as stakeholder satisfaction. Results: In 2019-20, external female catheters were used in 1,195 unique patients. Approximately 90% of external female catheter use was to avoid using an indwelling urinary catheter. With a cost avoidance of $13,786 per patient, $16,473,912 in costs to the organization were avoided. CAUTI rates in bedbound female patients decreased after implementation of the external female catheters. Conclusion: This initiative demonstrates that external female urinary catheters can be used at other hospitals to decrease indwelling urinary catheter use and CAUTI rates in bedbound female patients. After identifying catheter-associated urinary tract infections in bedbound female patients, a team of clinical nurse specialists initiated an intervention using external female catheters to achieve better outcomes, at a significantly lower cost.


TPL-2 kinase plays an important role in innate immunity, activating ERK1/2 MAPKs in myeloid cells following TLR stimulation. We investigated how TPL-2 controls transcription in TLR4-stimulated mouse macrophages. TPL-2 activation of ERK1/2 regulated expression of genes encoding transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and signaling regulators. Bioinformatics analysis of gene clusters most rapidly induced by TPL-2 suggested that their transcription was mediated by the ternary complex factor (TCF) and FOS transcription factor families. Consistently, TPL-2 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation of the ELK1 TCF and the expression of TCF target genes. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of TCF-deficient macrophages demonstrated that TCFs mediate approximately half of the transcriptional output of TPL-2 signaling, partially via induced expression of secondary transcription factors. TPL-2 signaling and TCFs were required for maximal TLR4-induced FOS expression. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome of TLR4-stimulated Fos 2 / 2 macrophages indicated that TPL-2 regulated a significant fraction of genes by controlling FOS expression levels. A key function of this ERK1/2-TCF-FOS pathway was to mediate TPL-2 suppression of type I IFN signaling, which is essential for host resistance against intracellular bacterial infection. The Journal of Immunology , 2022, 208: 941 (cid:1) 954.


The present study was conducted at Agricultural and Horticultural Research station, Kathalagere, Karnataka. The experiment consisted of sixty four rice genotypes that were evaluated to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for grain yield along with four yield-associated traits. The experiment was conducted using 8x8 simple lattice square design during the 2015 kharif main cropping season. The analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) indicating the existence of genetic variability among the sixty four genotypes for all the traits studied. Higher PCV and GCV values were exhibited by panicles per square meter which suggest the possibility of improving this trait through selection. The highest heritability was recorded for days to 50% flowering and plant height (cm) followed by yield kg/ha and panicles per meter square. High to medium heritability coupled with high GCV and high genetic advance as percentage of means were exhibited for plant height, panicles per square meter. High genetic advances as per cent of means were recorded by yield kg per hectare, panicles per square metre, Plant height (cm) and days to fifty per cent flowering. Original Research Article Manjunatha and Kumara; JEAI, 30(4): 1-4, 2019; Article no.JEAI.42305 2


"The Revolution in Novel Circles"advocated by LIANG Qichao incited the public attention to mass governance.The social changes,abolishment of imperial examination system and establishment of new schooling system changed the writing of novels and the readership in late Qing Dynasty.The rise of magazines of novels constituted the tangible conditions for the late-Qing novels to embody mass care.In addition,the mass media and the modern Chinese Movement,both focusing on mass governance,made the late-Qing novels take on an inclination to mass care.


The present invention relates to the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds, And a step of contacting with a catalyst containing a hydrogenation metal to hydrocarbon source containing aromatic compound of 10-80vol% in the presence of a gas containing a carrier, wherein the method is hydrogen. Silica and alumina, the alumina binder is present on a carrier-by the (ⅰ) the hydrogenation metals comprise a combination of platinum and palladium, and, (ⅱ) the support is silica dispersed in an alumina binder, alumina and alumina is present in the amount of 5-50wt% based on the total weight of the binder, the silica-alumina comprises 5-50wt%, based on the weight of the alumina-silica-alumina. Alumina-only baekgeumman, the hydrogenation metal by using a catalyst comprising platinum and palladium on a carrier containing alumina and alumina binder of 5-50wt% - silica containing alumina, 5-50wt%, based on the weight of silica catalyst, and the silica contained in the carrier containing a - compared to the alumina in more than 50wt% alumina and / or a catalyst containing an alumina binder, 50wt% or more and is characterized in that the hydrogenation of the aromatic compound increases.


Objective:To explore the effect and safety of combined treatment of Tongfu Jiechang Decoction to take orally and several traditional Chinese medicine to iron abdomen on mixed constipation(MC).Methods:61 MC patients were administrated with Tongfu Jiechang Decoction to take orally and several traditional Chinese medicine to iron abdomen,then the defecate interval time and defecate duration one time along with accompanied symptoms before and after treatment were compared.The complications were observed as well.Results:Before treatment,at the time of 1 month,2 months and 3 months after drug withdrawal,the average defecate interval time was 8.44±3.86 days,1.22±0.49 days,1.32±0.51 days,1.36±0.48 days and 1.38±0.49 days respectively,and the average defecate duration for one time was 31.72±15.86 min,8.49±4.15 min,8.44±4.08 min,8.34±3.85 min and 8.39±3.83 min respectively.The latter four results were all significantly different from the former one both for defecate interval time and defecate duration for one time(P0.01),but had no notable variance with each other(P0.05).Meanwhile,accompanied symptoms were relieved greatly,and there were no side effects appeared.Conclusion:The combined treatment of Tongfu Jiechang Decoction to take orally and abdominal ironing with traditional Chinese medicine is characterized with good effect,safety,convenience and low cost and easy to be accepted.As a consequence,it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.


The inhibition of cell proliferation and its mechanism were assessed through a cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot. The in vivo efficacy of escin in CRPC cells was assessed using a xenograft tumor model subcutaneously established in BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS The treatment with escin significantly reduced cell viability of CRPC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Escin induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, which was accompanied by increases in pro-apoptotic (BCL-2 associated X protein, cleaved-caspase3, and cleaved-poly [adenosine diphosphate-ribose] polymerase) proteins and decreases in antiapoptotic (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteine2B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2, and B-cell lymphoma-extra large) proteins. Escin induced G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest and thus led to a significant decrease in the expression of cyclinB1 and its activating partner cyclin-dependent kinase 1, with the concomitant induction of p21. In addition, escin significantly inhibited the growth of CRPC cells in xenograft models. CONCLUSION The results show that escin induced cytotoxic effects on CRPC cells through the induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, indicating it may be a novel therapeutic agent for CRPC. UROLOGY 84: 982.e1e982.e7, 2014. � 2014 Elsevier Inc.


Janny Leung is Professor, Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. She obtained an S.B. degree in Applied Mathematics from Radcliffe College, a B.A. in Mathematics from Oxford University and a Ph.D. in Operations Research from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Before returning to Hong Kong, she was a faculty member at Yale University and the University of Arizona. Her main research interests are combinatorial optimisation and logistics; she has investigated problems in public transit scheduling, supplier selection, material handling, routing and distribution planning, facility layout, production scheduling and baseball time-tabling. Her work has been published in Mathematical Programming, Management Science, Operations Research, IIE Transactions, Discrete Optimization, EJOR, Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, INFOR, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, OR Letters, Discrete Applied Mathematics and other journals. Her research has been supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council and the (US) National Science Foundation. Currently, she serves on the editorial boards of EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics (since 2011), Transportation Science (since 2009), IIE Transactions (since 2001), Computers & Operations Research (since 2005) and Naval Research Logistics (since 2001). She is an active member of INFORMS, having served as President of the Forum on Women in OR/MS (2002) and Chair of the Student Affairs Committee (2000-2004). She was the Scientific Programme Chair for the 19th Triennial Conference of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) held in Melbourne in 2011.


The Muskingum model is the most widely used method for flood routing in hydrologic engineering. However, the application of the model still suffers from a lack of an efficient method for parameter estimation. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to the parameter estimation for the nonlinear Muskingum model. PSO does not need any initial guess of each parameter and thus avoids the subjective estimation usually found in traditional estimation methods and reduces the likelihood of finding a local optimum of the parameter values. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme can improve the accuracy of the Muskingum model for flood routing. A case study is presented to demonstrate that the proposed scheme is an alternative way to estimate the parameters of the Muskingum model.


In this paper,the market situation,commercial trend and technological progress of unsaturated polyester resin and fiber glass reinforced plastics from 2005 to 2006 were reviewed with 24 references.The market situation included price of crude petroleum and its affecting on UPR;consumption of UPR and its composition in different forming method in Japan;UPR industry recombination and;import and output of UPR in 2005;UPR composite materials and its application and sale;the UPR formula for mobile composite material.The technological progress included monitor unit for curing degree of UPR;novel modifier for UPR,epoxy modified novolac;low profile additive for UPR;double initiated and accelerated UPR system.The development of biocomposite was also introduced mainly.


We present a face pose and structure estimation algorithm based on using a point distribution model (PDM) for 3D face features. The 3D PDM is constructed from a set of laser-scanned 3D head models. By using the PDM for the facial feature points, a novel algorithm was developed to recover the 3D face structure and pose from a single image. Once the 3D face structure was obtained, the facial feature points tracked from video are used to determine the temporal face poses. For the proposed face pose and structure estimation, the rotation matrix and translation vector represent the pose information and the coefficients for the PDM control the face structure through a linear combinational form. For a given rotation matrix, the PDM coefficients and the translation vector can be uniquely determined from the tracked feature points, therefore we search for the best combination of rotation angles in an outer loop of the optimization procedure. After the 3D face structure is computed, the 3D face pose tracking is accomplished through a dynamic pose estimation process. Experimental results of applying the proposed algorithms to both simulated and real data are shown to demonstrate its performance.


Wali is a word that refers to the person who spreads Islam in the land of Java around the 13th and 14th centuries. The number of wali in the land of Java is nine, so they are well-known as Wali Sanga or Wali Sembilan. The word wali is an abbreviation of Waliullah (the trusted one or the saint) chosen by God to spread Islam in Java, which Hinduism and Buddhism were the main religions at that time. The Wali Sanga introduced and spread Islam peacefully called "Penetration de Pasifique", which spread Islam calmly. Their spreading method was the syncretization and acculturation of culture. The preserved cultural heritages are tombs, literary arts, music art, and art performance. The tombs of the nine saints in East Java are located Gresik, Surabaya, Lamongan, and Tuban. People in East Java periodically visit the tombs for spiritual pilgrimage. This has both religious and social values, which grow the economy of society around the tombs and tour agents that provide transportation. Thus, the tomb is as a sign of social culture of traditional Islamic society in East Java. Another oral tradition is the literary art, such as tembang Macapat (Macapat songs) and a traditional rhythm that depicts the religious syiar, like Ilir-ilir which gives the lesson of Pillars of Islam and the virtue of time, Dhandhanggula, and Kidung Rumeksa Ing Wengi, which describe the efficacy of Ayat Kursy. The songs now undergo cultural transformation in various forms, thus, bringing significant socio-cultural impact. In the art of music, Javanese gamelan for Karawitan, such as Bonang (derived from Sunan Bonang) which initially as a means of da'wah process of Islam in Java becomes a part of the Javanese cultural identities and economic values. Architectural arts, especially mosques that combine traditional elements, transformation of Hindu influences, and the Middle East, make the mosque in Java Indonesia become characteristic of art in the field of architecture and modern design. Similarly, wayang (puppet) first is a means of propagation of Hindu syncretic method with modification of form, function, and meaning. Wayang now has become the cultural identity of Indonesia, and it is one of the World Heritages launched by UNESCO.


In this paper, we propose a new Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) Algorithm. Based on the Fuzzy control principle rather than on one\|step control law of GPC, we use the weighted control law obtained from setting a relation between the predictive precision of the model and the weighted coefficients of the control signals. The robustness and robustness of the algorithm to the unmodeled dynamic is demonstrated by simulation results.


In this work, copper (Cu) matrix composite reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) was fabricated by powder metallurgy (PM) method with the varying TiC content from 0% to 12% by weight in the step of 4%. The required weight percentage of powders was milled in an indigenously developed ball milling setup. Green compacts were made using a computer-controlled hydraulic press (400 kN) and sintered in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 950°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the distribution of TiC particles in Cu matrix in as-sintered conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis resulted in the existence of respective phases in the produced composites. The structural characteristics such as stress, strain, dislocation density, and grain size of the milled composites were evaluated. Cold upsetting was conducted for the sintered composites at room temperature to evaluate the axial (σz), hoop (σө), hydrostatic (σm), and effective (σeff) true stresses. These stresses were analyzed against true axial strain (εz). Results showed that the increase in the inclusion of weight percentage of TiC into the Cu matrix increases density, hardness, (σz), (σө), (σm), (σeff), and stress ratio parameters such as (σz/σeff), (σθ/σeff), (σm/σeff), and (σz/σθ) of the composites.


One of the gas-phased methods of the levitational gas condensation (LGC) process was developed to obtain nanopowders with high purity. The instrument designed by unique concept using magnetically levitated melted droplet of metal is easily operated to syn- thesize nanopowder with highly defected surface. The complex compounds are also easily prepared using micron powder feeding (MPF) system in the instrument. The metals, ceramics, and carbon-coated metal nanoparticles prepared using the LGC are introduced in this chapter. Various applications such as magnetic and catalytic properties are also introduced. Nanoparticles prepared using LGC showed significantly enhanced catalytic activities during chemical reaction due to the high level of defects on their surface struc- ture. The new heterogeneous catalysts of the solid nanoparticles were introduced in this chapter. been characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The size and shape of the nanopowders were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface effect influenced the magnetic behaviors of nanopowders. Bi metals were dispersed in Nafion. The Bi particles could be applied as sensor electrode instead of mercury-based elec -trolyte. The particle size of carbon-coated metal with diameters in the range of up to 10 m was smaller than those of metals without a carbon shell. The dispersion stability kinetics of carbon-coated nanopowders showed good dispersion. The best results were obtained when using carbon-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles as a catalyst, L-proline as a chiral modifier, and methanol as a solvent. The catalytic reaction of Ni@C showed enhanced stereoselectivity. Also, the simultaneous use of the heterogeneous catalyst and chiral modifier may lead to an increase in the selectivity of the Biginelli reaction. Nanoparticles prepared using LGC showed significantly enhanced catalytic activities during chemical reaction due to the high level of defects on their surface structure.


In the early 1890s Emma Calvé's emergence coincided with the ascent of Spanish dancing stars, Carmencita Dausset and Carolina "la Belle" Otero, on the international music-hall circuit. All three enjoyed careers and celebrity that took them from Paris across the English Channel and the Atlantic. Their influence can be seen in the two major adaptations that form the subject of Chapter 6. Famed in both London and New York, English dramatic actress Olga Nethersole starred in a lurid adaptation of the opera for the legitimate stage in the mid-1890s, while the young Spanish dancer Rosario Guerrero reinterpreted Carmen in mime and dance in a ballet version devised for London's Alhambra Theatre in 1903, the dramatic intensity of her performance inflected by newly emerging flamenco styles.


The production methods of butyl rubber are introduced.The production consumption state of butyl rubber and its market prospect at home and abroad are analysed.Suggestions for the development of butyl rubber in China are put forward.


The publication considers the implementation of accounting and financial mechanisms of innovative interaction of business entities for enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex in accordance with modern challenges. The main theoretical and methodological approaches to revealing the meaning of the concept of "accounting and financial mechanism" are considered. The theoretical aspects of the accounting and financial mechanism were studied; regulatory and legal support; the issue of innovative interaction of economic entities in the conditions of martial law; issues of innovative development in the global and national environment. At the same time, deepening the study of accounting and financial mechanisms, as well as the issue of their effective use in the implementation of innovative activities, is relevant. The main indicators for the analysis of the activity of a domestic enterprise in the metallurgical industry during the implementation of the accounting and financial mechanism are presented, taking into account the innovative interaction of business entities and production features. The factors affecting the enterprise's activity and its financial result in the conditions of martial law are analyzed. The prospect of developing such a concept of the accounting and financial mechanism of the enterprise, which will stimulate the formation of favorable conditions for ensuring all current needs for profit, requires further research. In particular, increasing the efficiency of business entities sets before them the task of forming and improving the financial support of the enterprise, the functioning of which would ensure the possibility of stable economic growth and development. In today's dynamic environment, complications of relations constantly appear in the accounting and financial mechanism, if its incentives and levers are not used correctly. The basis of the article was the changes taking place at the economic level of the state; challenges faced by domestic producers and the search for ways to support cross-border cooperation of enterprises under the conditions of using accounting and financial mechanisms of interaction of business entities.


Crushing represents the mechanism by which a group of skeletal muscles is caught by a high-energy traumatic agent over a wide area. The traumatic agent acts straight on the human body, causing serious injury, with potentially irreversible results. In the absence of a quick and correct treatment, these effects may lead to the death of the patient. In this article we discuss the importance of local and general clinical examination for assessing the patient who was a victim of trauma with a high energy traumatic agent or had a surgical approach that could had caused damage to surrounding muscle tissue. The types of muscle damage in crush syndrome consist in partial torn of muscle, stretches or even transects of the affected muscles. The screening of biochemical markers in crush syndrome and their monitoring in dynamics provide an overview of the overall prognosis.


As isotropic tomography has been shown to produce distorted images of anisotropic velocity fields (Pratt, McGaughey and Chapman 1993), so the assumption of isotropy in crosshole reflection imaging of anisotropic media will result in false images and destructive interference of the gathers.


The effective computer control of unmanned autonomous vehicles and robots is a task of rapidly growing importance in the present era of ubiquitous pervasive computing, IoT, and Industry 4.0. Paper discusses a nonlinear trajectory control method of a recently proposed spherical underwater surveillance robot (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle AUV) of 45 kg weight class with strongly underactuated control and highly nonlinear model of dynamics. Paper offers and simulates in Simulink/MATLAB environment a specially designed nonlinear controller that is capable to assure reliable movement of this AUV in two-dimensional space towards desired target as well motion at desired heading angle. The proposed controller is easy for engineering implementation. It is concluded that this type of surveillance robots may be used for monitoring of water areas of Smart City ports.


Several studies have shown that some countries are among the main users of structural, molecular and physiologic information of human, animal, plant, and microorganisms cells (genetic and biological reserves) against living of organisms, especially humans. This method used as a mechanism for removing their rivals and opponents to achieve their goals. This descriptive-analytical study was designed to define the concept of bioterrorism, passive defense, and genetic resources and its historical development process, with emphasis on efforts to control these types of threats over time. In the present review, a wide range of literature through the search on Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, extracted without regard to time constraints and focusing on the keywords listed above with three valid criteria and new sources of resources. The explanation of the material was based on the data obtained from the review of the sources and based on the inferences of the researchers from them. Given the importance of genetic information and the lack of clear prospective research in this area, the confidentiality of genetic data has been particularly respected among researchers. Eliminating data security can lead to unplanned advertising and costs. Therefore, the existence of laws and protective measures against coping with the misuse of enemies from genetic information is more than other country's prior demand. Keywords: bioterrorism, passive defense, genetic resource, threat.


The importance of coronary heart disease (CHD) to public health is due not only to the high prevalence of, and mortality due to, the disease, but also to the result of costly invasive treatments. The study evaluates and describes socioeconomic differences in the use of coronary procedures and the outcomes of CHD patients and elucidates the factors that have an effect on differences, such as the change in supply for invasive treatments of CHD, the duration of follow-up, co-morbidity, disease severity and regional variations in procedure rates. Administrative registers in Finland provide good opportunities for register-based health service research such as this. The increased supply of coronary procedures in the 1990s resulted in a more equitable distribution of operations; in general, older patients, women and those with low socioeconomic status benefited more than other groups. Nevertheless, patients with higher socioeconomic status underwent cardiac procedures related to need more often, and their mortality was lower than that of patients with lower socioeconomic status. The pattern was similar for all socioeconomic indicators used, and among all CHD patient groups.


Based on the field investigation of sampling plots and the multiple indexes actual measured,the examination of vegetation coverage,Pi,and distribution law perpendicular to the watercourse in Ulan Tug section were presented.The result indicated that,the vegetation coverage turns from rising to decline perpendicular to the watercourse in Ulan Tug section.Based on the coverage value,we can divide that the oasis area is in the range of 1 200 meters.The range of oasis-desert transitional zone is from 2 200 to 3 700 meters.And,out of 4 300 meters are desert region.The investigation revealed the Pi values are different from vascular plants.Populus euphratica Oliv.flourishes near the river in the oasis area,and herbaceous plant flourishes after a certain distance.In the oasis-desert transitional zone and desert zone,shrub flourishes.Meanwhile,the vegetation coverage and soil moisture are relevant with the date base and knowledge we required in these zones.Select soil moisture as the independent variable,and vegetation coverage as the dependent variable,then build the regression model using the SPSS.We can found the relationship appropriately reflected with functional equation.


Pneumococcus: A Paradigm for Genetic Success" MLST and pbp diversity 232 unique STs and 163 CCs were represented by isolates in this study. (Note that after repeated attempts using multiple primer sets, the ddl sequence for isolate SA82 (1989, CC124) could not be determined, presumably due to sequence divergence within the primer-binding region.) Among the 389 isolates selected for pbp sequencing plus the 16 genomes, 401, 389 and 404 pbp2x, pbp1a and pbp2b sequences, respectively, were obtained (a full complement of sequences could not be obtained for all isolates due to PCR and/or sequencing difficulties most likely also arising from sequence divergence in the primer binding regions). Among these sequences 141, 104 and 127 unique pbp2x, pbp1a and pbp2b alleles were identified, respectively, and of these 64 (45.4%), 33 (31.7%) and 59 (46.5%) were altered (i.e. >1% divergent from the penicillin-susceptible R6 reference strain dated 1964). There was no evidence of PNSP or altered pbps prior to 1967. 18/64 pbp2x, 5/33 pbp1a and 17/59 pbp2b altered alleles contained regions which spanned ≥1 active site coding region and were identical or highly similar (≤2 nucleotide substitutions) to those of the PMEN1 reference strain [see Additional file 1]. There were other regions of pbp sequence that were shared among different alleles, which was expected given the wellrecognised mosaic nature of pneumococcal pbps; however, we could find no example of pbp alleles (or parts of pbp alleles) that were more frequent than those of PMEN1, in fact, none were even close to being as frequent.


Air quality and anthropogenic air pollutants are usually investigated by passive biomonitoring which utilizes native species. Active biomonitoring, instead, refers to the use of transplants or bags in areas lacking native species. In Finland, the standardized moss bag technique SFS 5794 is commonly applied in active monitoring but there is still need for simpler and labor-saving sample material even on international scale. This article focuses on a preliminary comparison of the usability and collection efficiency of bags made of moss Sphagnum papillosum , lichen Hypogymnia physodes , and filter fabric (Filtrete™) in active biomonitoring of air pollutants around an industrial site in Harjavalta, SW Finland. The samples are analyzed with magnetic (i.e. magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization, hysteresis loop and hysteresis parameters) methods highly suitable as a first-step tool for pollution studies. The results show that the highest magnetic susceptibility of each sample material is measured close to the industrial site. Furthermore, moss bags accumulate more magnetic material than lichen bags which, on the contrary, perform better at further distances. Filter fabric bags are tested only at 1 km sites indicating a good accumulation capability near the source. Pseudo-single-domain (PSD) magnetite is identified as the main magnetic mineral in all sample materials and good correlations are found between different bag types. To conclude, all three materials effectively accumulate air pollutants and are suitable for air quality studies. The results of this article provide a base for later studies which are needed in order to fully determine a new, efficient, and easy sample material for active monitoring.


Objective Discussion the usefulness of Multi-Slice Computed Tomography Angiography(MSCTA) in diagnosing the causes of Spontanous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage(SSAH).Methods Selection 68 cases SSAH detected by using MSCTA from November 2000 to June 2004. Including operation therapy 45 cases , endovascular therapy 11 case and internal conservation therapy 12 cases.Results In these 68 cases , there were 25 cases accepted examination of MSCTA as well as digital subtracted angiography(DSA), in that, 20 cases were confirmed by MSCTA and 3 cases were negative after MSCTA and also were negative after re-examination ; 2 cases aneurysm were optimal in MSCTA but were negative in DSA.Conclusion MSCTA can replace DSA as the fist diagnosis method in diagnosing the causes of SSAH .And by using informations provided ,MSCTA has a great deal help in definition the therapeutic scheme quickly.


Product development is often conducted through a similar process each time. It contains everything from market analysis and need finding to concept development, production and product launch. Along ...


This paper presents a 0.46 mW and 2.4 GHz; All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) through an Injection-Locked Frequency Multiplier (ILFM) and Continuous Frequency Tracking Loop (CFTL) circuitry for low power Internet-of-Thing (IoT) applications. In the proposed ADPLL architecture to save power, the need for Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is eliminated through providing the CFTL circuitry. This feature makes the design compact, low power, and suitable for IoT applications. The proposed design is based on a synthesizable pulse injection and frequency-locked loop along with an ultra-low-power LC Digitally-Controlled Oscillator (LC-DCO). The presented CFTL circuit adjusts the frequency of the DCO continuously and prevents the frequency drift after the reference injection. Inside the designed LC-DCO core, the power consumption is minimized by optimizing the $\text{g}_{\mathrm {m}}~/\text{I}_{\mathrm {D}}$ and adjusting the power supply to 0.5 V. The proposed ILFM based ADPLL is fabricated in 55 nm CMOS technology and covers the operational frequency range of 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz with a reference frequency of 32 MHz. The measured phase noise performance of the ADPLL is −111.15 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz. It consumes only 0.46 mW power with an active area of 0.129 mm2.


Medical liability reforms have decreased dermatologists' malpractice premiums and boosted physician numbers in states where such measures have passed, sources say.


Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a serious global threat, largely due to anthropogenic activities, and cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic known heavy metals. This study aimed to assess cadmium levels in several agricultural soils in several Syrian regions. Soil samples were taken from six agricultural lands, prepared, and processed to determine the total content of cadmium using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the values of cadmium concentration ranged between 0.60 and 1.48 ppm in the studied soil samples, exceeding the permissible limit in some areas. Cadmium values were higher in farmland soils near industrial facilities than those far from them. This study indicates the spread of Cd contamination throughout the study area, significantly near the industrial activities; thus, it may impact local agricultural production safety and human health.


Hydrogenated crystalized TiO2−x with oxygen vacant (OV) doping has attracted considerable attraction, owing to its impressive photoactivity. However, amorphous TiO2, as a common allotrope of titania, is ignored as a hydrogenated templet. In this work, hydrogenated amorphous TiO2−x (HAm-TiO2−x) with engineered surface OV and high surface area (176.7 cm2 g−1) was first prepared using a unique liquid plasma hydrogenation strategy. In HAm-TiO2−x, we found that OV was energetically retained in the subsurface region; in particular, the subsurface OV-induced energy level preferred to remain under the conduction band (0.5 eV) to form a conduction band tail and deep trap states, resulting in a narrow bandgap (2.36 eV). With the benefits of abundant light absorption and efficient photocarrier transportation, HAm-TiO2−x coated glass has demonstrated superior visible-light-driven self-cleaning performances. To investigate its formaldehyde photodegradation under harsh indoor conditions, HAm-TiO2−x was used to decompose low-concentration formaldehyde (~0.6 ppm) with weak-visible light (λ = 600 nm, power density = 0.136 mW/cm2). Thus, HAm-TiO2−x achieved high quantum efficiency of 3 × 10−6 molecules/photon and photoactivity of 92.6%. The adsorption capabilities of O2 (−1.42 eV) and HCHO (−1.58 eV) in HAm-TiO2−x are both largely promoted in the presence of subsurface OV. The surface reaction pathway and formaldehyde decomposition mechanism over HAm-TiO2−x were finally clarified. This work opened a promising way to fabricate hydrogenated amorphous photocatalysts, which could contribute to visible-light-driven photocatalytic environmental applications.


Journal of Modern Science tom 3/38/2018 Abstract The article characterizes logical method of comparison as an object of scientific research i.e. definition of it has been given, the method's aims have been mentioned, classifications and types of comparison have been listed. An example of violation of the comparative method application in the Internet discussions devoted to fiction pieces analyses has been considered. The subject of the Internet discussion has been accusations of plagiarism and chauvinistic objections to the necessity of Russianspeaking literature translation into Ukrainian. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to characterize comparative method as an object for the research. Based on specific sample material to analyze facts of manipulation with information through the violation of comparative method application within the Internet discussion. Material and methods: Comparative method has been used in the article – two poems' texts (Samuil Marshak's poem "The Absentminded Fellow from Baseynaya Street" in Russian and Ivan Malkovych's poem "The Absentminded Fellow" in Ukrainian have been compared; the content of the Internet discussion comments has been compared as well. Content and formal features correspondence in terms of the "plagiarism", "free literary translation", "literary borrowing" concepts have been analyzed. Deductive method has been applied in the form of logical conclusion based on the integrity of the analyzed facts. Results: Comparison of poems according to formal scheme of poetic piece and their analyses allowed refuting of plagiarism accusations and prove relation of Ivan Malkovych's poem to the category of literary borrowings – in this very case – to free translation. The article is an example-attempt of scientific well-grounded refutation of information manipulations during Internet discussions, whose aim is to activate negative emotions of average uncritical philistine being unaware of literary work and history of literature. Violations of Comparative Method Application within Internet Discussions of Fiction SoFiia Sokolova


Pseudochromis nigrovittatus or Dottybacks are common inhabitants of coral reefs throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific. P. nigrovittatus inhabits equally frequently mixed communities of macroalgae and hard corals and sparse hard coral communities on rock platform, including those dominated by Acropora, Porites, Galaxea. P. nigrovittatus was recorded from a depth range of 4–20 m. Maximum length is 8 cm in Persian Gulf (Iran, Kish Island). All dottybacks are hermaphrodites. The sexes are separate. There is a possibility of sexual dimorphism in P. nigrovittatus, such that males are usually bigger than females. Color and caudal fin morphology differences have also been observed. Dottybacks lay a demersal spherical egg of approximately 2–2.5 cm (300–500 embryos) in diameter, which is guarded by the male on the substrate until hatching. Reproductive behavior has been observed in pairs; before spawning, the male accompanies the female to the nest site. The spawning event takes between one to three hours depending on the species. Then, parental care is exclusively performed by the male until hatching. If appropriate tank conditions are maintained, spawning occurs every six days. Embryo development for both species lasts 96 h at 27°C. Newly hatched larvae are large (3.6–3.8 cm) and they start feeding the morning after hatching.


Waste handling by semi-permanent storage is employed extensively through the industry at reactor and fuel processing sites. The costs are competitive with other methods of waste disposal and processing. The major design problem lies in formulating a facility with adequate flexibility to handle tae many configurations of packaged wastes and components. Over the period considered, from 4000 to 7000 packaged units of high-level liquid and solid wastes may ba stored. From 600 to 1000 packaged units of low-level wastes will be received at the facility each year. Compo nents from the various projects will add to these totals. The design and final proposal shall also be considered in relocating some existing or planned waste handling facilities at individual projects to the centralized facility. Transportation of wastes to the facility is another important consideration. One of the major objectives of the AEC waste disposal development program in the Division of Reactor Development is to develop better and cheaper ways for safely handling and disposing of all radioactive wastes from reactors, chemical processing plants, and other radiological operations. The construction of a raaioactive waste handling facility is basic to the Commissions waste disposal program and satisfies the requirements of affording adequate, safe,more » and economic handling of radioactive waste materials. The proposed facility is adequate and safe in that all waste materials are stored, thereby nullifying risks of environmental contamination and subsequent radiological hazards to surrounding populations. The proposed facility is economical since cost for waste storage is less than or competitive with other means of waste handling and disposal, and operational shutdowns of Commissionsponsored projects due to radioactive waste problems are minimized. (auth)« less


We present our results in terms of feasibility, safety and efficacy of flexible pneumocystoscopy during double J stenting in patients undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP). The patient is placed on the flank at a 45° angle. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty according to the Anderson–Hynes technique is carried out by transperitoneal access. After completing the running suture of the posterior wall of the uretero‐pyelic anastomosis, the double J stent is placed in a retrograde manner with a pneumocystoscopy using flexible cystoscope. Thirty‐six patients were prospectively evaluated; 28 of these were treated with standard LP and 8 with robot‐assisted LP. Mean operative time was 124 min, whereas double J stenting time was 4.2 min (2–6). We observed one case of cranial migration of the stent, forcing us to repeat the procedure, which was completed without complications. No ancillary procedures or X‐ray control were necessary. Retrograde double J stenting using flexible pneumocystoscopy during laparoscopic and robot assisted pyeloplasty is feasible, easy, safe and effective. The procedure can be completed without changing the patient's position and without the use of X‐ray.


For at least three decades, the issue of physical accessibility has been a focus of analysis amongst some spatial scientists, including geographers, urban planners and architects. Whilst such 'conventional' access studies have assumed an important role as policy evaluation/ critique, their theoretical significance has been extremely limited. The understanding of accessibility, and the highly contested set of policy fields that regulates this, would be deepened if a wider range of socio-political theory was used to examine these issues. This paper contributes to the social theorisation of access by critically exploring how the 'reflexive modernisation' thesis of Ulrich Beck might be applied to the geographical understanding of disablement. The paper demonstrates how Beck's theoretical framework can be used to enrich understanding of the genesis and mediation of inaccessibility.


Numerical methods have been developed in the past decades to study the flow field and pressure distribution around buildings. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique is one of the most efficient methods. The CFD technique includes a wide range of turbulence models suitable for predicting airflow and mean pressure coefficient values. These models include Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models (RANS), Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) models. In this paper, a cubic building shape, which include five square faces, was studied to evaluate and validate the numerical results of various CFD turbulence models with available experimental works. The contours of wind pressure coefficients and wind flow around the cube have been determined using these different turbulence models. The results have been compared with experimental and other theoretical results. Further, the values of mean pressure coefficient (Cp) on cubic faces are compared with those values in codes and standard. The results are summarized and discussed.


We study the 'classical' topology optimization problem, in which minimum compliance is sought, subject to linear constraints. Using a dual statement, we propose two separable and strictly convex subproblems for use in sequential approximate optimization (SAO) algorithms.


This paper presents the documentation of the application of a reflexive photography approach and aims to elaborate its evaluation process. Farmers in Central Switzerland were first asked to take photos, after which interviews and group discussions were conducted with the farmers to explore their landscape perception. The reflexive photography method was applied in two steps. First, as the basis for the in-depth interviews evaluated with qualitative content analysis according to Philip Mayring, and second as the basis for group discussions evaluated with the documentary method according to Ralf Bohnsack. The paper's goal is to provide deeper insight into the process of conducting a reflexive photography approach in rural studies.


In today's world of internet, with whole lot of e-documents such as html pages, digital libraries etc. Occupying considerable amount of cyber space, organizing these documents has become a practical need. Clustering is an important technique that organizes large number of objects into smaller coherent groups. This helps in efficient and effective use of these documents for information retrieval and other NLP tasks. Clustering algorithm requires a metric to quantify how similar or different two given documents are. This difference is often measured by some distance measures such as Euclidian distance, Cosine Similarity, Jaccard Co-efficient to name a few. These measures are called as Similarity Measures. Similarity measure plays an important role in text classification and clustering. In this work, I will use a similarity measure called as SMTP (Similarity Measure for Text Processing) for processing e-mail data using Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm.


Vitrification is well known as an effective means of preserving not only germ cells but also reproductive organs. Although various devices are used to vitrify mammalian embryos, it has been reported in other mammalian species that the Cryotop method develops vitrified-warmed embryos better than other devices. However, information about multiple rounds of vitrification (re-vitrification) of embryos is very limited even in mice. In this study, we examined the effect of repetitively vitrified mouse embryos (2-cell stage, 4-cell stage, morula and blastocyst) at the same stage on the embryos' developmental ability. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from the oviducts and fertilized with frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa. After in vitro fertilization, the embryos were cultured up to 120 h. Embryos at the 2-cell stage (24 h), 4-cell stage (47 h), morular stage (72 h), and blastocyst stage (96 h) were collected and vitrified by Cryotop. After warming, embryos were cultured for 2 h and then re-vitrified. Vitrification-warming was repeated up to three times. Our results showed that re-vitrification up to three times did not affect the developmental ability of embryos vitrified at 2-cell, 4-cell, morulare, or blastocysts. Taken together, the results show that re-vitrification of mouse embryos by Cryotop did not have a detrimental effect on embryonic development of the embryos.


The report summarizes the contributions and outcomes of a workshop on "Environmental and landscape aspects of short rotation forestry on agricultural land: A Nordic perspective", held in Uppsala in September 2007.


Organizations of all types want to have individuals utilize the Information Technology (IT) they purchase. For this reason, the identification of factors that cause individuals to use IT, factors t ...


The present amount of information becomes a problem faced by the young generation of today. Thus, having the ability to present intact and interesting information is a demand for people living in the era of digital technology. This study aims to find out infographic media design which enables to shape younger generation's critical thinking skills to cope with Social Conflict in the Age of Digital Technology. This study is designed with qualitative naturalistic method, with conjunctural approaches to examine complex and historically specific. The data were technically collected through interviews, observation, literature review and questionnaires. The data validity employed triangulation on both data and method. The data analysis process is carried out in three lines of activities carried out simultaneously, which is the data reduction, data presentation and conclusion / verification. The conclusions of the study show that the use of infographic media has proven to be able to shape the younger generation's critical thinking. Infographic design is arranged as a form of information or data visualization that integrate both text and images, making it more interesting, informative, and effective. Infographic media is quite strategic as a means of shaping the critical thinking skills of the younger generation in today's digital technology era, especially in participating in social conflicts resolution in society. Keywords : the age of digital technology; young generation; infographic media


This paper discusses about how to build up a mixed-effects model using cumulative logits when some factors are fixed and others are random. Location effects are considered as random effects by choosing them randomly from a population of locations. Estimation procedure for the unknown parameters in a suggested model is also discussed by an illustrated example.


Luo Zhou-zhong had a profound and positive exploration on the education of "warm-blooded character" moral man.His moral education thoughts and practice has great uniqueness,such as the educational objective of "Life of service",the education contents of "Integrity" and "Justice",the education principle of "educational love" and the education channel of " live together",which can be of great importance in moral education reformation today.


This study aims to analyze the relation of satisfaction with festivals and revisit of visitors or publicity through word-of-mouth, which affects market demand, concerning the Jeonju International Film Festival, as a local festival. Also, it is to activate local economy through successive operation of film festivals and development of tourist attractions by establishing management strategies to specialize satisfactory products. This study shows that satisfaction with the Film Festival is deeply related with visitors' revisit and word-of-mouth publicity. According to priority they affect film programs, publicity, kindness, operation, and food and the price of products in order. Accordingly, in order to expand and activate market demand it is necessary that products be specialized on the basis of coefficience.


This presentation was given by me at the Open Learning Conference, Nottingham University, 25th November, 2009. It details the development of the HumBox project up to that point in time.


Experimental and theoretical investigations of photonic crystal (PhC) structures in silicon nitride/silicon dioxide (Si3N4∕SiO2) vertical waveguiding geometry are reported. One-dimensional patterns, either periodic or with cavity layers, are carved onto the channel waveguides by using focused ion beam lithography. Broadband transmittance spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared frequency ranges is employed to show photonic band gap behavior up to the fourth order. For structures with a cavity layer, resonant peaks appear in transmittance spectra within the photonic gaps, in agreement with theory. The results show the interest of Si3N4∕SiO2-based PhC waveguides for photonics applications from the infrared up to the visible range.


At the wireless device The apparatus, methods, computer readable media and processors can intercept the content intended by the client application and / or to create and also spam that is operable to filter out unnecessary content - provide a cutoff engine can. Spam-engine block may comprise a configurable module having a spam filter, which content is to determine whether the unnecessary content. The content is based on the results received Filtering of content filters, spam-block engine is able to transmit the content at a scheduled client application and / or network destinations, and / or can be generated spam log. Spam-blocking module can also be operated to send spam log in to another device, such as a user manager device that is operable to analyze the logs and generate reports that operators can see it.


This book is concerned with the relatively new and growing phenomenon of female migration from village to city in Asia. It consists of a series of papers by various authors. The papers are grouped under four major headings: overview and theoretical perspectives; national perspectives on trends policies and programs with studies on India Pakistan Peninsular Malaysia Thailand the Philippines and the Republic of Korea; women migrants in cities with case studies on Peninsular Malaysia Bangkok Taipei and Tehran; and analytical models of economic activity and the adjustment of female migrants in Asia as a whole Honolulu the Philippines and New Zealand. In a concluding chapter some common themes are extracted from the preceding chapters and recommendations are offered for policy and research. These themes include the role of females in urban labor markets the effects of industrialization programs and education on female migration and the consequences of female migration for the women themselves their families and the rural areas of origin.


The reasoning on DNA as a biological sample of the particular status is based on the author's experience with DNA isolation, analysis and interpretation of genotyping results. The author discusses the nature of the information contained in DNA molecule, he specifies who uses this information and in what way the information is or should be used. The different standpoints concerning the ethical codex of patient's rights versus DNA handling are stressed.


A ceramic body comprising a wavelength converting material is disposed in the path of light emitted by the light emitting region of a semiconductor structure comprising a light emitting region disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. A layer of transparent material is also disposed in the path of light emitted by the light emitting region. The transparent material may connect the ceramic body to the semiconductor structure. Particles configured to scatter light emitted by the light emitting region are disposed in the layer of adhesive material. In some embodiments the particles are phosphor; in some embodiments the particles are not a wavelength-converting material.


Our recent construction arXiv:0903.3966 for the fuzzy 2-sphere in terms of bifundamentals, discovered in the context of the ABJM model, is shown to be explicitly equivalent to the usual (adjoint) fuzzy sphere construction. The matrices α that define it play the role of fuzzy Killing spinors on the 2-sphere, out of which all spherical harmonics are constructed. Starting from the quadratic fluctuation action around these solutions in the mass-deformed ABJM theory, we recover a supersymmetric D4-brane action wrapping a 2-sphere, including fermions. We obtain both the usual D4 action with an unusual x-dependence on the sphere, as well as a twisted version in terms of the usual x-dependence, and contrast our result with the Maldacena-Nunez case of a D5 wrapping an S2. The twisted and unwisted fields are related by the same matrix α.


Vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is a promising technology for storing energy in smart grid applications and the establishment of the battery systems are growing rapidly worldwide. Operational characteristics of VRB is affected by multi variables such as electrolyte temperature, flow rate, and charge/discharge current. Existing problems like premature voltage cut-off and high concentration overpotential are mainly caused by inappropriate settings of electrolyte flow rate, charge/discharge current and temperature, eventually reducing battery energy efficiency. Previous optimization strategies usually focus on single variable and few articles discussed about the coupled effects among multi variables. In this paper, an optimal strategy using particle swarm optimization method is proposed to improve the overall energy efficiency and available capacity. Based on an electrochemical model, the experiment is conducted with a 5kW/3kWh VRB in the lab of Wuhan University of Technology. The results show that the instantaneous energy efficiency reaches up to 93.65% as the SOCs increases whereas the applied current decreases. The optimal flow rate increases drastically with regard to the flow factor. Among three variables, instantaneous energy efficiency is much more sensitive to the applied current.


Romania is considered as having had two transition periods--a gradual transitional phase from 1990 to 1996 followed by shock therapy since 1997. The key to the transition from a planned economy to a market economy is the institutions that are established to enable the market to operate. While this is acknowledged, after ten years of transition in Romania what has not been fully addressed is the appropriateness of the forms of institutions that have been suggested for adoption and whether they constitute the right mix. Our contention is that both phases of the transition process have largely been guided by the prescriptions arising from a 'new' institutionalist perspective and that a more effective transition would have occurred if more attention had been paid to the evolutionary nature of the institutions established along the lines advocated by 'old' (American) institutionalists. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.


The authors were unaware of the paper by Lawson (1992a) and wish to acknowledge unequivocally his publication priority for applying the Berman–Turner likelihood approximation to the pseudolikelihood of a spatial point process. Baddeley & Turner (2000) may be characterized as a detailed development, implementation and extension of this idea. Both these papers owe their original inspiration to Dr Mark Berman. A valuable additional reference is Lawson (1992b) which investigates different weighting schemes for spatial quadrature. (signed) Adrian Baddeley and Rolf Turner


Abstract This paper collects data on the gonads, ease of fertilization in the laboratory, and breeding season of 32 species of Echinodermata in the Bergen area (western Norway). It also describes the yolk granules in small and large eggs, which are shown to differ in several respects. The small eggs, as a rule, have small yolk granules with a coarse, granular structure, while large eggs have larger yolk granules with a homogeneous, lipid-like appearance or are complex with homogeneous inclusions.


In this chapter I look at the question of design and ethics in a situation where design as a set of related economic practices has been re-positioned as a key identifier for a new kind of ideas-driven industry - the creative industries. Previously marginal to cultural policy in the form of applied arts, in the creative industries agenda design became a privileged meeting place, or indeed broker, for art and industry, economy and commerce. I explore the new kinds of ethical challenges this brings.


Peculiarity oriented mining (POM) is different from, and complementary to, existing approaches for discovering new, surprising and interesting patterns hidden in data. A main task of mining peculiarity rules is peculiarity identification. Previous methods for finding peculiar data are attribute-based approaches. This paper extends peculiarity oriented mining to relational peculiarity oriented mining (RPOM) in which peculiar data are identified on the record level. The experimental results in image sequences of tracking multiple walking people show that the proposed RPOM approach is effective.


AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionCase study: Mean-risk portfolio optimization of a municipal power utilityOptimization modelObjective and multi-period polyhedral acceptability functionalsSimulation resultsConclusions


Climate change is projected to increase the aridity of semi-arid ecosystems, including Mongolian grasslands (MG), which provide ecosystem services that support food supply and pastoralist lifestyle. Here, we conducted a grid-scale (0.5° × 0.5°) probabilistic risk assessment of MG under climate change for 40 years (1976–2015) based on probability theory. We evaluated changes of risk (impacts) and vulnerability of MG to drought between the recent two decades R20 = 1996–2015 and the previous two decades P20 = 1976–1995. The risk is quantified as the product of the probability of hazardous drought and ecosystem vulnerability. The probability of hazardous drought is defined from the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index. Vulnerability is defined as the expected differences of key ecosystem variables between years with and without hazardous conditions. The ecosystem variables are productivity (peak aboveground biomass, net primary productivity, and leaf area index) and root-zone plant-available soil moisture, simulated with a process-based vegetation model Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems-Grassland Management validated with field observations of biomass and soil moisture. Results reveal that MG experienced more frequent hazardous droughts with rapid warming and slight drying during R20 aggravated by ever-increasing grazing intensity (34% compared to P20), which resulted in a reduction in soil water availability and grassland productivity, particularly in northeastern areas (20%–65%). The risk of drought to productivity increased by 10% between P20 and R20 over extended areas, particularly in northcentral and northeast Mongolia. The increase in the risk to MG was mainly caused by climate change-induced increase in the probability of hazardous drought and, to a lesser extent, by the increasing vulnerability. Recent droughts modify the risk to grasslands, particularly in northcentral and northeast Mongolia, suggesting that these regions need strategic management for both adaptation and ecosystem conservation to cope with climate change impacts.


Foreign direct investment (FDI) into China contributed greatly to the current rapid economic development of China. Many efforts have been given to more thorough analysis of entry mode of FDI in China. Due to the lack of available relevant data, however, micro level analysis has rarely included firm level analysis or research, which includes variables such as detailed industrial sector especially in manufacturing sector, investment size, equity share, and regional distribution of FDI. In this respect, this paper focuses on analyzing both entry mode and cross country comparison of Korean and overseas ethnic Chinese firms' FDI into China. The cooperative analysis would provide a variety of information for further analysis of identifying success and failure factors. Two different kinds of data sources are used in this analysis: one is highly aggregated lump sum data, and the other is more detailed survey level data. This paper will also contrast differences in business behaviors of Korean firms and overseas ethnic Chinese firms investing in China.


Based on the anomaly distinguishing and efficacy evaluation of single underground fluid precursor, 38 kinds of underground fluid precursor data in Xinjiang were analyzed by synthetic anomaly index method. The result shows that the method is not only good at distinguishing and abstracting short-term and impending-earthquake precursor, but also can be used to judge grouped seismic events. It supplies a method for comprehensive underground fluid prediction and short-term, impending-earthquake anomaly tracing.


The main result of this paper is the resolvent similarity criterion which says that linear growth of the resolvent towards the spectrum is sufficient for a Hilbert space contraction with finite rank defect operators and spectrum not covering the unit disc to be similar to a normal operator. Similar results are proved for operators having a spectral set bounded by a Dini‐smooth Jordan curve; in particular, a dissipative operator with finite rank imaginary part is similar to a normal operator if and only if its resolvent grows linearly towards the spectrum. Relevant results on the insufficiency of linear resolvent growth not accompanied by smallness of defect operators are presented. Also it is proved that there is no restriction on the spectrum, other than finiteness, which together with linear resolvent growth implies similarity to a normal operator. The construction of corresponding examples depends on a characterization of well‐known Ahlfors curves as curves of linear length growth with respect to linear fractional transformations. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11D25, 11G05, 14G05.


This issue represents the third in the series Urban Studies Review . Our introduction will be (and should be) as brief as in the previous editions, since neither the purpose underlying the Review nor its basic structure has altered . For first-time users it may be appropriate to repeat the basic points made in our previous introduction, beginning with the rationale for the Review . As a field of academic endeavour, the most obvious truism concerning urban studies has been its growth within the last few decades. It is not hard to find the signs of such growth, though perhaps no better example can be found than in the proliferation of new academic journals devoted to particular sub-fields-planning and policy, economics, law, to indicate but a few . While reflecting the growth of urban studies scholarship per se, the trend reflects an underlying balkanisation of the territory of urban studies, reflecting not only disciplinary boundaries but also the diverse nature of problems posed by the urban condition . Paradoxically, as much as the field of urban studies has sub-divided into a diverse range of sub-fields, there is a growing awareness amongst scholars, and practitioners, of the `need to know' beyond their immediate field of interest . Perhaps this is no more evident than in urban policy, where (for example) the economic spills over to the social sphere, is frequently constrained and/or driven by political processes, and ignores historical precedent at its cost . Recent paradigms have emphasised the interconnectedness between the spheres constituting the urban, paralleling the recognition of interdependencies within the global economy . Urban Studies Review seeks to address the problems posed by the breadth and depth of


This introduction includes the time of issuing and implementing the new standard, the comparison of revised edition with GB/T,18374-2001,the replaced previous editions,the backing informations for this latest revision,the concept systems,the determination of subitems and the opinions and suggestions from related professionals.


Dear Editor, Thymic malignancy is associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs). Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common PNS, and some thymomatous patients develop MG (25–40%) or paraneoplastic myositis (0.5–9%), which usually coexists with MG.1,2 MG and myositis mostly occur simultaneously, or myositis develops later in myasthenic patients.3 Here we report an atypical case of thymoma-associated paraneoplastic myositis presenting with rapidly progressive distal muscle contracture without apparent clinical weakness or symptoms of MG. A 45-year-old female had developed painful swelling in her forearms without preceding trauma or infection 1 month previously. Two days later she could not extend the right third finger, followed by all fingers and both elbow joints after 1 week. She denied other symptoms such as myalgia or fever. At presentation her range of motion (ROM) was restricted in all metacarpophalangeal, both proximal interphalangeal, elbow, and knee joints, and had plantar flexed feet (Fig. 1A). A neurological examination revealed no remarkable weakness in unaffected muscles and even in affected muscles within acceptable ROM. There was also no evidence of atrophy or neuromyotonia. Serological results were normal except for mildly elevated muscle enzymes [creatinine kinase (CK) at 273 IU/L]. She was seropositive for anti-acethylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody (8.167 nmol/L) and titin (MG titin-30) antibody, but negative for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1 and anti-contactin-associated protein-2 antibodies.4 Line immunoassays for myositis-specific antibodies and myositis-associated antibodies only revealed positivity for anti-polymyositis scleroderma antigen (PM/Scl) 75. Needle electromyographic studies revealed myopathic changes in paraspinal, proximal, and distal limb muscles, although a repetitive nerve stimulation test did not reveal any response decrements. MRI of the forearm and lower extremities demonstrated inflammation and fibrosis in all compartment muscles, suggestive of noninfectious inflammatory myositis involving both arms and legs, but no abnormalities were observed in joint capsules or tendons. A muscle biopsy demonstrated primary myopathy, with findings that were similar to but not diagnostic of polymyositis (Fig. 1B). Chest CT revealed a mediastinal mass, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery revealed thymoma (WHO type B2). She received intravenous methylprednisolone (500 mg) for 5 days, and 3 months later her ROM had improved considerably and the CK level had normalized to 52 IU/L. She subsequently received intravenous immunoglobulin intermittently as maintenance therapy. This patient represents an atypical case of thymoma-associated paraneoplastic myositis with double seropositivity for anti-AChR and titin antibodies who presented with rapidly progressive distal muscle contracture without apparent clinical manifestations of myopathy or MG. The association of myositis with MG has been reported in patients with double seropositivity for anti-AChR and striational antibodies, and the presence of the striational antibodies may indicate concurrent MG and myositis.2,3 However, the pathogenetic role of these Jin Hee Kim Hyemin Jang Hee Jung Kwon Yeon-Lim Suh Ju-Hong Min


The vocational education and training (VET) system plays a major role in the education of young people in Germany. About half of all high school graduates start a training program in the dual system. However, for some domains training drop-out is a major concern. This is especially true for the hotel and catering industry – in 2015, 47% of prospective chefs terminated their training program prematurely. Empirical evidence on the reasons for training drop-out, especially for this industry, is still scarce. This paper aims to contribute to this research gap and to provide insights into the factors influencing training drop-out of prospective chefs. We are specifically interested in whether individual reasons and/or aspects of training quality are responsible for drop-out.

The study uses a longitudinal design with three measurement points to examine trainees during the first and second year of their apprenticeship program (N = 599; questionnaires and test instruments). Each measurement point covers (1) individual characteristics, (2) training characteristics, and (3) trainees' (tendency to) drop out. When it comes to individual characteristics, the instruments cover specific traits (e.g., motivation, self-regulation) as well as trainees' competence (e.g., prior knowledge in the field of cooking, mathematic skills, and reading skills). Concerning the training characteristics, the questionnaires comprise both trainees' overall satisfaction with the training program or the training organization and in the second and third measurement point detailed aspects of training quality (e.g., evaluation of school-based instruction, competencies of trainers, quality of working tasks). In the first measurement point, the trainees also state their tendency to drop out. In the second and third data collection, we gather data on actual drop-outs through the teachers at the vocational schools.

The analysis of the data is work in progress. Linear regression analysis based on data of the first measurement point show significant effects of both individual aspects (e.g. perceived fit) and trainees' satisfaction with the training program on their tendency to drop out. In line with expectations and previous findings, prospective chefs' satisfaction with the training program significantly lowers their drop-out tendency (β = -.248). Also, the higher a prospective chef's perceived fit to the training program (e.g., perception that the training program matches his or her interests, abilities, etc.) the lower the tendency to terminate the apprenticeship (β = -.520). However, the tendency to terminate the training is not affected by whether the profession one is trained in is the profession one desired to be trained in. Furthermore, prospective chefs' prior knowledge shows no significant effect on drop-out tendency. In further analysis, we will use data from measurement point 2 which offers more detailed information about the training quality and allows a deeper examination. The findings will be included in the final paper.

The findings can be used by both policy makers and different parties involved in the training program, for instance trainers in the company or teachers at vocational schools, to implement strategies or support systems to reduce the high number of training drop-outs in the hotel and catering industry.


We conduct a choice experiment to investigate whether U.S. gasoline consumers exhibit limited attention to the costs of searching for lower prices. When consumers search for prices as they drive, the search cost is a function of the amount of gasoline consumed while driving and the time spent searching for prices. We randomize the amount of information we provide the respondents to a survey about search costs in one of 3 ways: time, gasoline, or both. Results indicate that cognitive costs cause inattention to time costs. We also find that respondents overestimate the cost of the gasoline used while driving, thus forgoing consumer surplus. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.


The development of the youth movement in Russia should go by the way of its understanding as a way of display of the youth individuality. Thus it is perspective to use the virtual capital, which is significant for the youth. The virtual capital is the set of the creative relation to the world, ability to involving in a game field of a virtual reality, to displacement of accents from an original reality in virtual, to designing of interrelations in the original world on models virtual. Ignoring of the virtual reality, fastening to it of the status game (similar to a hobby) involves control loss over models of behavior of the modern generation.


The funding crunch in magnetic confinement fusion development has moved the editor of a largely technical publication to speak out on a policy issue. James A. Rome, who edits Stellarator News from the Fusion Energy Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, wrote an editorial that appeared on the front page of the May 1992 issue. It was titled {open_quotes}The US Stellarator Program: A Time for Renewal,{close_quotes} and while it focused chiefly on that subject (and lamented the lack of funding for the operation of the existing ATF stellarator at Oak Ridge), it also cited some of the problems inherent in the mainline MCF approach--the tokamak--and stated that if the money can be found for further tokamak design upgrades, it should also be found for stellarators. Rome wrote, {open_quotes}There is growing recognition in the US, and elsewhere, that the conventional tokamak does not extrapolate to a commercially competitive energy source except with very high field coils ( 1000 MWe).{close_quotes} He pointed up {open_quotes}the difficulty of simultaneously satisfying conflicting tokamak requirements for efficient current drive, high bootstrap-current fraction, complete avoidance of disruptions, adequate beta limits, and edge-plasma properties compatible with improved (H-mode) confinement and acceptable erosion of divertormore » plates.{close_quotes} He then called for support for the stellarator as {open_quotes}the only concept that has performance comparable to that achieved in tokamaks without the plasma-current-related limitations listed above.{close_quotes}« less


This article describes the basic principles of radar remote sensing for scientific purposes. In addition, it provides several examples of the radar remote sensing instrument. Scientific remote sensing radar includes synthetic aperture radar (SAR), radar altimeter, scatterometer, meteorological radars, and radar sounder. A radar transmits an electromagnetic signal and receives a reflected echo from illuminated objects. From the received signal, useful information on the illuminated objects can be extracted for various applications. Examples of geophysical quantities that remote sensing radars can measure are land topography, surface deformation, biomass, soil moisture, ocean surface topography, ocean vector winds, cloud, precipitation, and subsurface layers. A radar is capable of collecting remote sensing data under almost all weather conditions, day or night.


The aim of this research is to reveal how hidden curriculum of Anatolian Teacher Training High Schools (ATTHS) influenced these schools' curricular goals. The research was carried out as a qualitative case study with a sample of 11 ATTHS graduate, studying at 1st grade of Uludag University Education Faculty English Language Teaching or Special Education departments. For data collection a semi-structured interview form, developed by researchers, and for data analysis inductive content analysis were used. According to results, students prefer ATTHS to get qualified education or to deserve extra points at University Entrance Exam rather than to be a teacher. In ATTHS, there are messages related to teaching profession as pictures and writings on the walls of the building but not help students develop positive attitude toward teaching profession. Students think that in ATTHS Teacher Certificate Courses are not attached importance and instruction of these courses is not proper. Attitude and behavior of teachers and administrators do not include messages, improving and reinforcing students affective characteristics related to teaching. To sum up, hidden curriculum of ATTHS does not coincide with goals of these schools yet they even contradict. The aim of this research is to reveal how hidden curriculum of Anatolian Teacher Training High Schools (ATTHS) influenced these schools' curricular goals. The research was carried out as a qualitative case study with a sample of 11 ATTHS graduate, studying at 1st grade of Uludag University Education Faculty English Language Teaching or Special Education departments. For data collection a semi-structured interview form, developed by researchers, and for data analysis inductive content analysis were used. According to results, students prefer ATTHS to get qualified education or to deserve extra points at University Entrance Exam rather than to be a teacher. In ATTHS, there are messages related to teaching profession as pictures and writings on the walls of the building but not help students develop positive attitude toward teaching profession. Students think that in ATTHS Teacher Certificate Courses are not attached importance and instruction of these courses is not proper. Attitude and behavior of teachers and administrators do not include messages, improving and reinforcing students affective characteristics related to teaching. To sum up, hidden curriculum of ATTHS does not coincide with goals of these schools yet they even contradict. Keywords: Educational Sciences, Teacher Education, Hidden Curriculum, High School, Case Study