In the year of 2012 the Nobel physics prize was awarded to three physicists, S. Perlmutter, B. P. chmidt and A. G. Riess, for their contribution to the discovery of accerlerating expansion of universe. This indicates the existence of dark energy which was attributed to the cosmological constant in the general relativity originated from vacuum energy. The dark energy amounts to 73% of the total energy in the universe and has the characteristic of repulsion force. In addition, cosmologists have already discovered the dark matter since 1970's by measuring the rotation speed of the arms of the distant spiral galaxies. The dark matter amounts to 23% of the total energy of the universe. The normal material world only amounts to 4% of the total energy of the universe. This indicates that we are far from the understanding of the large scale real universe. In the nano-scale quantum world the quantum entanglement phenomenon has already been discovered. Two entangled quanta are in a superposition state, no matter how far they are separated, as long as one quantum is measured by an instrument, the entire system collapses to a definite state. The information communication speed between two quanta exceeds the speed of light which violates the special relativity that tight speed is the upper limit of all velocity. Since 1990 we have repeated the research results of Mainland China done from 1979 on the training of children to develop finger reading and psychokinesis capability^(2-6). After repeated test of tens of youngsters aged from 9 to 17 years old, it was proved that by just touching a piece of folded paper with fingers, they could "see" the color and shape of the characters and figures drawn on the paper. The emerging sequence of the characters and figures in their brain appears to be parts by parts or as a whole on a screen emerging in their brain (the third eye). After mastering the finger reading skill part of the children can be trained to develop psychokinesis, they can bend the iron wire by mind. I believe the emergence of finger reading and psychokinesis ability is a macroscopic mind-matter unification phenomenon^(7). Surprisingly, when certain special keywords related to Buddhism, Taoism Confucianism and Christianity such as 「佛」(Buddha), 「菩薩」(Bodhisattva),「唵嘛呢叭咪吽」(Xon Ma Ni Bei May Hon: six word mantra)「耶穌」(Jesus)「孔子」「老子」or symbols as 「卍」, Taichi picture, were tested then these youngsters saw the bright light, bright and smiling human image, temple, monk, bright cross gate, shadow of human or hear the sound of laughing, unknown Tibetan and Hebrew terminology related to sacred persons, etc. These responses are completely different from what we have observed previously in over 1000 tests. According to the experience of those people possessing extraordinary human ability who received information from their inner screen in the brain (the third eye), it is believed that in addition to our four dimensional space-time material world and the known four fundamental force fields there exists an extra space-time "information field" which contains high level consciousness without material body and information websites These discoveries have been confirmed by Yunnan University. These medium sized paranormal human abilities are bewildering. In order to explain these large, medium and nano-scale bewildering phenomena, I propose in this paper that the real universe consists of an 8 dimensional (8D) space-time as shown in Fig. 1, in addition to our well known 4D real space-time (陽Yang), there exists another 4D imaginary space-time (information field or 陰Yin) full of consciousness and information websites. Although the relationship between the real and imaginary space-time is intimate, all belong to the real and imaginary parts of the same complex space-time. However, there exist barriers between the real and imaginary space-time that cannot be overcome at will. They can exchange energy only through enormous special connection points which are the vortex like space-time structure with different size. It is believed that theses vortex structures look like the fish eye structure of 3D Taichi picture as shown in Fig. 2. The white and black halves represent the real and imaginary space-time, respectively. They are connected by enormous fish eye tunnels. The tunnels have vortex structure. Unless the size of the material is much smaller than the aperture size of the vortex tunnels or the material enters into a quantum state, the barrier between the real and imaginary space-time cannot be penetrated. The ordinary materials exist in the real space-time, their position and equation of motion are characterized by 4 coordinates (x,y,z,t). When the material such as fundamental particles, photons and objects enter into microscopic or macroscopic quantum stats which are described by complex quantum field or material wave, then the material wave or quantum field is able to leak through the vortex tunnel and enter into the imaginary space-time. The material wave propagates with a wave velocity U. The product of U and real space-time group velocity υ satisfies Uυ = C2, where C is the light velocity, when the real space-time velocity of the material υ << C, the imaginary space-time velocity of the material wave U >> C. This leads to a quick spread of the material wave or quantum field to a vast space-time and reaching to the past and future. This is the basic physical mechanism responsible for paranormal phenomena. The most important event that happens when the material enters into imaginary space-time is the arousal of the consciousness of the materiaI. Everything has a soul. The imaginary i of complex wavefunction or quantum field brings consciousness into the physical law.When two t strongly correlated quanta are created and fly apart with low group velocity, the complex nature of the system enables them to enter into the imaginary space-time with faster than light speed, once one of the quanta is measured by an instrument in real space, the whole quantum state is collapsed and leak back through the vortex channel to real space-time and showing the quantum entanglement.I propose that the imaginary pan of a material entering into the complex quantum state, pure consciousness and the information websites belongs to dark matter, resulting in concave space-time structure possessing the characteristic of attracting force. The dark energy is believed to originate from vacuum energy described as the cosmological constant in general relativity. I propose that the convex spiral space-time structure (vortex) may possess repulsive force characteristic and is a candidate for dark energy. The real and imaginary space-time are schematically described by the Yin –Yang (陰陽) of the 3D Taichi picture as shown in Fig. 2. They exchange energy through their fish eyes (vortex space-time structure as schematically shown in Fig. 3). There are enormous amount of vortex tunnels in the complex space-time, the energy they possess belong to the dark energy. The nano-sized vortex space-time structure is proposed to be the elementary particle spin, they have only two states: spin-up and spin-down. One spirals from Yang to Yin and the other spirals from Yin to Yang. This explains why any quantum state can only allow two electrons with opposite spin, because this forms a stable 3D Taichi space-time structure. This also explains the physical mechanism of Pauli exclusion principle that two electrons with same spins cannot occupy the same spatial orbitals because it creates an unstable space-time structure. In conclusion, the real universe consists of 8D complex space-time, the existence of 4D imaginary space-time provide an unified platform to explain the nano-scale quantum entanglement, large-scale dark matter, dark energy, and medium-scale paranormal phenomena. The most important consequence is that the imaginary brings the consciousness into the physical law and illustrate the true nature of the mind and consciousness.


The article presents the main development stages of the machine translation and the principles of neurolinguistics that can be used for translating tools. Some assumptions about whether neural networks are capable of performing simulation are provided. It is considered how the GLOM theory can change the field of machine translation in future. The purpose is to explore neural networks in the field of machine translation, consider the prospect of their further development and derive principles that will allow neural networks to simulate neurolinguistic processes.This purpose is going to be achieved through the following actions: the analysis of various approaches to machine translation along withneurolinguistics processes in the human brain. Based on the data collected, principles of neural network design are determined. The authors make assumptions about the development of neural networks based on the GLOM.


As a new kind of tool, wavelet plays a more and more important role in all kinds of fields; time series analysis is the basis of prediction, in which a lot of current methods are still used in many ways. Wavelet is combined with time series analysis on the basis of Takens theory in order to realize nonlinear prediction of time series. Firstly, we have made long term nonlinear prediction of a chaos attractor and short term nonlinear prediction for economic time series; Furthermore, we have suggested that we could make the error small enough to be omitted if we use sufficient wavelet basis functions φ mn to approximate to original time series.


The difference in sugarcane evapotranspiration (ET), sugarcane yield, and soil moisture content between drip irrigation and subirrigation, are compared using four lysimeters, each 5.5‐m diameter by 1.2‐m deep. Plant cane with two ratoons are grown. The results show that the soil moisture content in the profile with the subirrigation system is much greater than with the drip irrigation system. Before canopy closure of the plant cane, ET from drip irrigation is significantly lower than from subirrigation; whereas, after canopy closure for the two ratoons, the ET from drip irrigation is significantly higher than from subirrigation. Cane yield from drip irrigation is significantly higher than from subirrigation. About 95 kg and 109 kg of water are required to produce 1 kg of cane yield for drip irrigation and subirrigation, respectively.


The agriculture of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as well as of the Soviet Union was an often studied area in the 1970´s and 1980´s among agricultural economists. After the system collapse, the transition of the agricultural sectors of these regions has gained importance. However, around the millennium, this topic was less studied. This paper aims at analysing the agricultural performance of CEE and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries between 1997 and 2016 and identifying whether the system change and transition have brought changes and convergence in agricultural productivity to EU-15 levels. In doing so, the paper uses convergence theory and associated methods (Kernel density and Markov transition probability) to underpin its arguments. Results suggest that CEE and CIS countries have experienced a limited convergence to Western-European standards. However, there still exists a significant performance gap between the two regions with CEE countries standing closer to EU-15 averages. Reasons behind diverging performances are numerous as discussed at the end of the paper.


1. Riemann's explicit formula 2. Analytic continuation and functional equation of ζ(s) 3. Appendix: Perron identity [Riemann 1859] exhibited a precise relationship between primes and zeros of ζ(s). A similar idea applies to any zeta or L-function with analytic continuation, functional equation, and Euler product. It took more than 40 years for [Hadamard 1893], [vonMangoldt 1895], and others to complete Riemann's sketch of the Explicit Formula relating primes to zeros of the Euler-Riemann zeta function. The idea is that equating the Euler product and Riemann-Hadamard product for zeta allows extraction of an exact formula for a weighted counting of primes in terms of a sum over zeros of zeta. [1] An essential supporting point is meromorphic continuation of ζ(s) via integral representation(s) of ζ(s) in terms of theta function(s). [2] Further, these integral representations give vertical growth estimates, allowing invocation of Hadamard's theorem on product expansions of entire functions. A key in analytic continuation and functional equation of ζ(s) is the functional equation of theta series, from the Poisson summation formula, from the representability of smooth functions by their Fourier series. Asymptotics of Γ(s) and the functional equation of ζ(s) bound the vertical growth of ζ(s), allowing application of the Hadamard product result. The dramatic [Riemann 1859] on the relation between primes and zeros of the zeta function anticipated many ideas undeveloped in Riemann's time. Thus, the following sketch, very roughly following Riemann, is not a proof, but exhibits what is needed to produce a proof. Riemann knew from Euler that ζ(s) has an Euler product expansion ζ(s) = n≥1 1 n s = p prime 1 1 − 1 p s As below, [Riemann 1859] proved that ζ(s) has a meromorphic continuation so that (s − 1)ζ(s) is entire, with 0 = ζ(0) = ζ(−2) = ζ(−4) =. . .. [3] The negative even integer are the trivial zeros of ζ(s). Riemann observed that such classical formulas are equalities of values of a natural distribution, in the sense of generalized functions. [2] Theta functions are examples of automorphic forms. For practical purposes, modular form and automorphic form are synonyms, despite some sources' attempts to insist upon delicately precise meanings. [3] The vanishing at negative even integers is not clear at all, but will follow from the functional equation. Even so, Euler had already done computations with divergent series that could be interpreted as suggesting this!


In the renewable energy system, aiming at the instability and strong randomness of wind and solar energy output power, a compound control method based on the energy storage ratio and the power smoothing parameters is proposed. The method can control the fluctuation amplitude within the set value by charging, discharging or running off the system. By simulating the two configurations of single and double energy storage, the compound control algorithm is used to carry out the simulation experiment, and the power smoothing effect, economic benefit and other comprehensive indexes are compared. The simulation results show that the system has better running effect under single energy storage.


Patients with COVID-19 not only experience suffering from physiological symptoms but also psychological dimensions such as fear. Fear is part of life and the threat of self-existence will increase the fear level. Increased levels of fear will influence the process of healing by disturbing the immunity function. This case series reports the results of Su Jok therapy using the twist and seed method of therapy in reducing the level of fear of patients with COVID-19. Twenty cases of respondents with the average level of fear toward COVID-19 of ≥4 were included in this case reports. Fear level was measured by using the fear scale measurement (FSM). Su Jok therapy was conducted by twisting (120 times) and putting fenugreek seed on the joint of the patients' index finger in Triorigin fixed joint correspondent of fear. Posttest of fear scale was measured after intervention in the intervals 5, 10 and 15 minutes. In all three interval measurements, there were significant improvements in the fear scale before and after Su Jok therapy (p=0.0001, p<0.05).


An image forming system includes a first supplying unit, a second supplying unit, an image forming unit, a stacking unit, first and second binding units, an obtaining unit, and a controller. The first supplying unit supplies recording materials in a first orientation, and the second supplying unit supplies recording materials in a second orientation. The image forming unit forms images on the recording materials. The stacking unit is used to stack, as a bundle, the recording materials having the images formed thereon, the bundle having the recording materials placed upon each other with first edge portions and second edge portions of the respective recording materials being aligned with each other. The first binding unit binds, by a first binding operation, the first edge portions of the bundle of the stacked recording materials. The second binding unit binds, by a second binding operation, the second edge portions of the bundle of the stacked recording materials. The obtaining unit obtains an instruction regarding binding positions of the first binding operation and the second binding operation. The controller performs control to supply the recording materials from either one of the first supplying unit and the second supplying unit, on the basis of the binding positions of the first and second binding operations.


Multiple intra oral bony tori and exostosis have often been reported in the literature to occur in the mandible. In the maxillary arch the tori has been reported to occur usually in the midline and has been termed as torus palatinus. The present case is novel as it reports a case of multiple exostoses on the lateral aspects of the slopes of the palate in the region of maxillary tuberosity where it rarely reported. A single bony extension also existed beneath the overlying palatine rugae. Multiple minute ulcerations were also observed distant to the site of bony exostosis.


The rare earth metals Eu and Yb and the alkaline earth Sr have been intercalated in the groups IV and VI dichalcogenides with layer type structures. The intercalations were carried out at low temperatures in liquid ammonia solutions and were shown to be free of the ferromagnetic impurities Eu(NH2)2 and Eu(NH3)6. Lattice parameter increases in the c direction of the hexagonal cell, independent of the concentration of the intercalated species, from 18.39 A for pure 3R MoS2 to 27.84 for the Eu intercalated material were measured. We find the intercalated species to go between every layer and ammonia is intercalated along with the metals. The composition of MoS2 fully intercalated with Eu is MoS2(Eu).9−1.0(NH3)1−1.5. MoS2 orders ferromagnetically at 4–5°K when intercalated with Eu in concentrations greater than MoS2(Eu).5−.6. The ferromagnetic composition have paramagnetic Curie temperatures of 8–9°k and Curie constants consistent with the europium being all divalent, i.e., CM = 7.9. When Yb and Sr are interc...


The purpose of the article is to study the problems associated with the formation and rational use of local budgets agricultural territories. In particular, local administrative bodies of self-government are not able to independently form their own full-volume budgets. They are filled, as a rule, due to financial sources not controlled by the administrations of rural settlements. This has a number of negative consequences: it does not contribute to the activation and rationalization in the actions of administrative bodies of local self-government to replenish the tax potential of the territory; reduces the responsibility of the administration for the execution of budgets and the fulfillment of obligations to the population; gives rise to problems of dependency of local rural administrations in the formation of the revenue side of the budget; not conducive to the development of economic initiative.


The characters of the apical system of a series of Holectypus hemisphæricus from the same horizon at two localities in Dorsetshire are analysed and described. It is found that the average relations of the plates of the system are different at the two localities, although certain numbers of identical forms occur at both. Out of 189 specimens (from both localities), 40 show serious departures from the normal type. These abnormalities are of three classes. One, the most prevalent, consists in the presence of madreporic pores on genital 3, in addition to the normal perforation of genital 2. This is regarded as a "progressive variant" in the direction of Discoides. The second, occurring in three specimens, consists in the interpolation of a supernumerary plate within the system. It is suggested that this may be either a "regressive variant" towards Acrosalenia, or a "progressive variant" towards Nucleolites (as illustrated by N.orlicularis). In neither case would this variation coincide with actual phyletic sequence, so that it is styled "parallel variation". The third type of variant, seen in one specimen only, combines both the first and second types, and in addition shows an absence of genital 5 and a corresponding increase in the size of the posterior oculars, which meet round the back of the system. The variation in this specimen is interpreted as being "progressive" towards Discoides, "parallel progressive" or "regressive" towards Nucleolites or Acrosalenia respectively, and "progressive" towards Conulus. There are indications of a different series of variants in the Holectypus depressus from the Cornbrash. The high percentage of variation in the composition of the apical system of Holectypus is regarded as an indication of the evolutional activity of the genus, and of its near approximation in time and phylogeny to the common origin of many of the groups of Irregular Echinoids.


With the global rollout of fifth-generation communication networks, the development on sixth-generation (6G) communication network has begun. The 6G technology is an emerging technology that will meet the ever-increasing demands of evolving industrial services and applications. This technology consists of varied number of heterogeneous resources and communication protocols to guarantee the seamless access to the services. Because of its heterogeneous nature and authorization delegation, security is a major concern in 6G communication environment. The emerging blockchain technology can able to solve the aforementioned privacy and security challenges. The blockchain technique also offers enhanced services like openness, decentralization, immutability, trust free, and so on. Motivated by the aforementioned facts, this article proposes a novel idea of integration of privacy preserving blockchain framework with 6G communication network. We also propose an integrated system for blockchain radio access network as a reliable and stable model for 6G networking based on blockchain technology with improved efficiency and protection. Furthermore, the critical components of blockchain such as smart contract, consensus protocol, mathematical model, secure data sharing, and auditing are clearly defined and experimental results are analyzed.


The article, based on archival materials, examines the origin and development of school education in Tyumen. The procedure for opening the first educational institution, the Tyumen Small Public School, is being restored; content of the educational process; household description of the school premises. Sources of financing are studied and the main items of expenditure are identified. The focus is on the staffing issue. The author comes to the conclusion that there were few prerequisites for the rapid spread of school education in Tyumen, so the process went extremely slowly, acquiring a mobilization character. The driving force in the implementation of the school project of Catherine II was the local administration, which considered the appearance of a public school in the city, first of all, as the need to fulfill the will of the monarch. The correlation of local authorities, society, and schools was mixed. Among the population of the city as a consumer of knowledge, the reform received support from clerical and retired employees. The Tyumen school played a crucial role in the dissemination of mass literacy.


This article discusses about how to implement local wisdom  in English language teaching.  One of the burning issues in global science and education which have been begun since five years ago is about local wisdom.  This issue is predicted to be the wise way to overcome some problems in human life such as economics, education, politics and social life for the future especially in 5.0 society era.  The scientific rason for using local wisdom is all people have their own way and belief to manage their life based on their culture.  It can create their own identity and personality.  In language teaching for example, the practitioners have ignored the use of local wisdom.  Teachers just teach all about the target language without considering the local culture and local wisdom.  For the society of 5.0. it is suggested to use the local wisdom in language teaching in order to preserve our culture and to create our national identity and character.


Let $f = P[F]$ denote the Poisson integral of $F$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ with $F$ is an absolute continuous in the unit circle $\mathbb{T}$ and $\dot{F}\in L^p(\mathbb{T})$, where $\dot{F}(e^{it}) = \frac{d}{dt} F(e^{it})$ and $p \in [1,\infty]$. Recently, Chen et al. (J. Geom. Anal., 2021) extended Zhu's results (J. Geom. Anal., 2020) and proved that (i) if $f$ is a harmonic mapping and $1 \leq p<\infty$, then $f_z$ and $\overline{f_{\overline{z}}} \in B^p(\mathbb{D})$, the Bergman spaces of $\mathbb{D}$. Moreover, (ii) under additional conditions as $f$ being harmonic quasiregular mapping in \cite{Zhu} or $f$ being harmonic elliptic mapping in \cite{CPW}, they proved that $f_z$ and $\overline{f_{\overline{z}}}\in H^p(\mathbb{D})$, the Hardy space of $\mathbb{D}$, for $1 \leq p \leq \infty$. The aim of this paper is to extend these results by showing that (ii) holds for $p\in(1,\infty)$ without any extra conditions and for $p=1$ or $p=\infty$, $f_z$ and $\overline{f_{\bar{z}}}\in H^p(\mathbb{D})$ if and only if $H(\dot{F})\in L^p(\mathbb{T})$, the Hilbert transform of $\dot{F}$ and in that case, it yields $zf_z=P[\frac{\dot{F}+iH(\dot{F})}{2i}]$.


Advancing technology and higher availability of Virtual Reality (VR) devices sparked its application in various research fields. For instance, health-related research showed that simulated nature environments in VR could reduce arousal and increase valence levels. This study investigates how the amount of possible interactivity influences the presence in nature environments and consequences on arousal and valence. After inducing fear (high arousal and low valence) through a VR-horror game, it was tested how participants recovered if they played a VR-nature game with either no, limited, or extensive interaction. The horror game proved to be a valid stimulus for inducing high arousal and low valence with a successful manipulation check. Igroup presence questionnaire (IPQ) scores showed that more interaction with the virtual environment increases spatial presence. A beneficial effect of experiencing nature can also be concluded. Results from the Self-Assessment Manikin questionnaire (SAM) scores for valence indicate a significant increase in the conditions with extensive and limited interaction compared to the control group. The VR Nature experience did significantly decrease arousal and increase valence compared to the post-horror game ratings. The physiological responses support this finding. These results can increase the effectiveness of health-related VR-applications to elevate mood levels by either implementing plenty of interactions and consequently increasing spatial presence or doing the opposite and leaving out any interactions at all.


Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects and retention of the American Heart Association (AHA)"s basic cardiac life support (BLS) training on knowledge and skills of nursing college students. Method: The study was a one group pretest-posttest experimental design. The sample included 41 junior nursing students from D college who participated in an AHA BLS course for healthcare providers in K hospital from January 18 to June 7, 2010. The instruction was based on 'BLS knowledge and skills'. The data were analyzed with paired t-test using the SPSS/PC 12.0 win. Result: First, knowledge (t=-7.648, p=.000) and skills (t=-12.988, p=.000) were significantly increased immediately after BLS training. Second, knowledge (t=4.098, p=.000) and skills (t=50.350, p=.000) of BLS after 4 months was significantly decreased compared to right after BLS training. Conclusion: Knowledge and skills were decreased 4 months after BLS training. Therefore, retraining in BLS is required within 4 months. To maintain the knowledge and skills of BLS, appropriate renewal time and retraining programs are needed.


Arotinolol,a new beta-alpha adrenoceptor blocker, is effective in the treatment of essential hypertension. The antihypertensive effects and safety profiles of arotinolol (10-15mg) and atenolol(12.5-25mg) twice daily were compared in a randomized,double-blind parallel group clinical trial in 122 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After 4 weeks of therapy, arotinolol reduced mean sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 163.7 mmHg to 148.1 mmHg.Sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was reduced from 100.7 mmHg at baseline to 89.1 mmHg.Atenolol reduced mean SBP from 163.5 to 146.1 mmHg and mean DBP from 100.4 to 87.9 mmHg. There was not significant difference in the percentage of responders between arotinolol and atenolol group (76% vs 80% ) . There were 50% responders to the dosed 10 mg twice daily in arotinolol group,and 45% responders to the dosed 12.5 mg twice daily in atenolol group. The antihypertensive effect of arotinolol and atenolol twice daily both could persist for over 24 hours.The commonest adverse effects in the two groups were insomnic, dizziness and chest depression. No patient withdrew from the treatment because of adverse reactions.No abnormal laboratory results were recorded in either group. There were 20 patienls whose blood pressure, heart rate, haernatological and biochemical tests remained within normal limits after 6 months treatmetnt with arotinolol.In conclusion the clinical effects and tolerability of arotinolol are the same as atenolol. Compared with the placebo arotinolol twice daily could satisfactorily reduce ambulatory blood pressure for over 24 hours.Arotinolol is well tolerated by Chinese patietns with mild-to-moderate hypertension as shown in this study.


The relationships between maternal liver and fetal brain and liver ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and porcine fetal development were investigated. Yorkshire gilts were subjected to prolonged inanition (40 days; 0 kcal/day; water only) from Day 50 to Day 90 of gestation and, on Day 90, either hysterectomized or realimentated to a full diet and allowed to advance to term; controls received a full diet (7,028 kcal/day) until hysterectomy at Day 90 or throughout pregnancy. ODC activity was determined in maternal liver tissue collected from 6 experimental and 6 control gilts on Days 50, 70, 89 and 91. Furthermore, ODC activity of Day 90 fetal brain and liver tissue was determined in 6 fetuses from each of 3 additional experimental and control dams (36 fetuses). Prolonged inanition of gilts during late pregnancy had a marked effect upon maternal liver ODC activity. Liver ODC activity in full-fed guts remained constant across days, with a mean activity of 59 (pmol CO3 released per 60 mm per mg soluble protein). ODC activity before inanition (Day 50) in experimental gilts was similar to that of controls, but by Day 70 and continuing to Day 89 (during inanition), was reduced greater than 7-fold. In contrast, after 1 day realimentation (Day 91), ODC activity had increased by greater than 10-fold to levels similar to controls. Day 90 fetal brain ODC activity in inanition gifts was greater than the activity observed in control gilts, and fetal brain weights were similar in all dams, suggesting that ODC may play a role in maintenance of normal fetal brain development. ODC activity of Day 90 fetal liver tissue was decreased in inanition as compared with control gilts, as were fetal liver weights. Reproductive performance, as determined by fetal survival rates, body weight, litter weight and size, was similar in inanition and control gilts. These data indicate that changes in ODC activity may play a role in compensatory responses of the porcine dam and fetus during periods of severe nutrient deprivation to allow normal fetal survival and dev#{231}lopment.


This article examines the works of the Chinese American artist Patty Chang, tracing how Chang's early deconstructive approach to Asian American identity evolves into her more recent diasporic approach to landscape and travel. The first section covers the early 'body art' phase of Chang's career (from the late 1990s to the early 2000s). The second section focuses on the pivotal work Shangri-La (2005), which usefully illuminates Chang's evolution from identity to relation, from deconstruction to 'diasporic cartography', using her diasporic body to forge a mode of navigation and world-making that is embodied, anti-systematic and relational in nature.


Nontrivial magnetic response of periodic structures composed of intrinsically nonmagnetic constituents is now a well-established but still intriguing phenomenon; it plays a critical role in negative refraction, cloaking and other unusual effects. Much attention has been devoted to optimal (in some sense) design, whereby the magnetism would be enhanced and engineered to fall in a desirable range for specific applications - absorption, cloaking, lensing, etc. However, we show both analytically and numerically that this artificial magnetism has limitations: the stronger the magnetic response (as measured by the deviation of the effective permeability tensor from identity), the less accurate ("certain") predictions of the effective medium theory are. We call this the uncertainty principle for the effective parameters of metamaterials. In practice, there is still room for engineering design, but the trade-offs between magnetic response and the accuracy of homogenization must be noted.


In this paper the work of three outstanding representatives of poetical (type III) mysticism is briefly considered. Although exemplars of speculative and systematic mysticism also engage in quasi-poetical prose in their formulations and sermons, they do not do so in the same highly expressive, direct and emotionally intense manner that is typical of the type III mystic. For this reason Richard Rolle, Henry Suso and Madame Guyon were selected as exemplars of poetical mysticism, and discussed in section 1. The poetically-inclined Christian mystic is not interested in either metaphysical speculation, or in Aristotelian analyses of the nature and elements of the mystic life (see paper 2). It is a deeply personal matter of the heart, of recounting one's experiences on the mystic journey and singing the praises of the divine, rather than merely a matter of the intellect. In section 2 the pragmatic (type IV) theologies of John Tauler, the anonymously authored Cloud of Unknowing, and the work of the Spanish mystic, Miguel de Molinos are reviewed. Their mystical writings and activities have a much stronger practical focus and action-orientation (in the subjectivist-empyrean mode), compared to the other mystics. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n16p589


Immune Cell Suppression of interference with, or restraint of, the activity of one or more lymphoid or myeloid cell types associated with the immune response.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on findings from research into the role of language and discourse in shaping responses to older people at risk of abuse in England. Critical discourse analysis is used in this research to deconstruct policy to identify hidden meaning. Design/methodology/approach – The study comprised of a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the coalition governments underpinning policy statement outlining its approach to safeguarding adults in "A Vision for Adult Social Care: Capable Communities and Active Citizens." Findings – This paper analyses the policy statement in some detail to explore its ability to guide practice in supporting older people at risk of harm. The results suggest ideological, philosophical and economic discourses underpinning policy may promote "Big Society" rather than address the abuse of older people, and that this might leave some older people vulnerable and at risk. Research limitations/implications – It is acknowledged the qualitative approach ...


A high-k spacer element, together with extension region formed by dopant diffusion into the semiconductor region underlying, high-k dielectric spacer elements of the gate electrode of the field effect transistor is extended area charge carrier density of the providing increased. In this way, the charge carrier density, is overcome to be limited to the solid solubility of the dopant in the substantially extended region, thereby, without reducing excessively the performance of the transistor, it is possible to very shallow extension regions.


A belt-drive model using an absolute nodal coordinate formulation is presented. The aim of this paper is to introduce a damping mechanism into the belt-drive model and to verify it against experimental data. Different damping mechanisms are proposed for the damping of the longitudinal and bending deformations and several experiments were conducted in order to obtain the damping properties. Good agreement between the numerical result and the experimentally obtained data was found.


The research of "Bud Cutting Usage Effects of Several Cutting Stage on Red Chilli Hybrid (Capsicum annum L.)Production" has been conducted at the farmland of Payakumbuh Agricultural Polytechnic in Tanjung Pati, Form Mei to November 2009. The experiment using Random Block Design which treatment was bud cutting stage which consist of: first bud cutting (T1), second stage cutting (T2), third stage cutting (T3), and fourth stage cutting (T4) and two replications. Result of the research showed that samples of bud cutting give significant effects for root growth of the seedling (Number, wet weight and dry weight of root), growth of plant (high of plant and number of branch) and production of chilli (number and weight of fruit). The best treatment ot bud cutting is first bud cutting, second stage cutting method, third stage cutting and the lowest is fourth stage cutting.


This paper proposes a mathematical model of electric fields caused by high voltage conductors of electric power transmission systems by using a set of second-order partial differential equations. This study has considered the effect of conductor phase-sequence orientation on electric fields emitted around a doublecircuit, extra high-voltage, power transmission line. Six typical-used phase-sequence orientations in Thailand for 500-kV double-circuit transmission lines are investigated. Computer-based simulation utilizing the two dimensional finite element method in the time harmonic mode, instructed in MATLAB programming environment with graphical representation for electric field strength has been evaluated. The simulation results show that the phase-sequence orientation is one among key factors to influence the electric field distribution around the transmission line. Key-Words: Phase-sequence, Electric Fields, Finite Element Method (FEM), Transmission Line, Computer Simulation


Background: While squamous cell carcinoma can primarily cause a leg ulcer, the malignant transformation of a primary venous leg ulcer to squamous cell carcinoma is rarer.


Meningioma therapy efficiency is used to being assessed by 6 months progression survival rate (PFS6), which remains the most consensual criterion. Nevertheless, different patterns of meningiomas intrinsic aggressiveness and growth rates directly impact the PFS6 leading to unreliability of drug effect assessment. Moreover, therapeutic response remains rare in meningiomas. These points lead to consider classical and updated RANO criteria as not fully adapted to meningiomas. Based on phase II CEVOREM trial experience, we aim to improve the assessment of drugs efficiency in meningiomas via the determination of growth rate before and under treatment.

 Twenty patients were included in Cevorem trial which tested the combination of octreotide and everolimus as previously described. MRI assessment was performed in the 3 to 6 preinclusion months, at inclusion then every 3 months. Progression was assessed by investigators according to RANO criteria. An independent central review was performed with 2 reviewers and 1 adjudicator: largest diameter, 2D maximal area as 3D volume were assessed by autosegmentation software (Brainlab). Results from central review were correlated to investigators assessment. 3D volume growth rate (3DVGR) was calculated using 2 different processes (one simple and one complex). Comparison of 3DVGR before vs. under treatment was performed. Meningioma growth under treatment was compared to theoretical meningioma growth based on preinclusion data using a model of meningioma growth.

 PFS6 assessed via the independent central review was in accordance with PFS6 assessed by investigators following RANO criteria. Then, we analyzed 3DVGR before and during therapy. Standard deviation was higher using the complex 3DVGR calculation process. A decrease of more than 50% of the 3DVGR was observed in 30/36 tumors at 3 months with the both calculation modes and could be considered as a threshold of drugs activity. Median volume growth rate decreased from 88.3 or 17.2%/3 months before inclusion to -2.2 or à -0.6 %/3mo at 3 months depending of the calculation mode (p <0.0002). Nevertheless, in our study, decrease in 3DVGR was associated with a prolonged free progression period when 3DVGR decreased around 0 or negative. Comparison of theoretical meningioma growth curve based on preinclusion data with under treatment growth curve is ongoing. Some limits remain: 3DVGR calculation remains directly related to the volume assessment accuracy and 3DVGR can be very high particularly in case of very small initial tumor which cannot be mitigated by current mathematical models.

 3DVGR measurement during versus before seems as a sensitive and reliable tool which provides valuable comparison in a phase 2 study to assess drugs activity in meningioma in complement to PFS6. 3DVGR assessment should be considered in future clinical trials.


The invention provides a method for improving output of an anticancer anthraquinone compound 1403C generated by Fusarium proliferatum (No.1403) via utilizing different vaccination ways. The method comprises the following steps: a conical flask with a baffle is adopted to cultivate seeds for grinding inoculation, the seeds cultivated by the conical flask with the baffle are directly inoculated, and seeds cultivated by glass beads are added into the conical flask, therefore, the 1403C yield obtained by fermentation is improved to different degrees compared with the yield obtained by fermentation for cultivating seeds (control group) in a traditional inoculation way, wherein the maximum 1403C yield is 1.13g/L, which is improved by 289.7% compared with 0.29g/L yield of the control group. The invention has vital significance for further performing 1403C anti-cancer pharmacological effect experiments.


2, 3-Dicarboxy cellulose oxidized to nearly 100% of the theoretical was prepared by the selective oxidation of commercial cellulose powder with periodate, and by following oxidation with acidified sodium chlorite solution.The 2, 3-dicarboxy cellulose prepared was completely soluble in water, but formed precipitate or massive solid in the aqueous solution of most metallic ions other than alkali metals.2, 3-Dicarboxy cellulose metallic salts of metallic ions having 6A effective ionic radii in an aqueous medium gave sticky, gel-like products on heating with addition of water.Thermal analyses of these products showed that 2, 3-dicarboxy cellulose metallic salts had higher thermal stability than the original dicarboxy cellulose, and that considerable differences in the thermal stability depended on the kind of metallic ion. From a view point of the thermal stability, the zinc salt was the highest and the copper one the lowest. On the other hand, calcium salt had the anomalous thermal behavior.


STEWART, ROBERT B., and MARVIN, ROBERT S. Sibling Relations: The Role of Conceptual Perspective-Taking in the Ontogeny of Sibling Caregiving. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 13221332. The behaviors of 57 mothers, their preschool-age children, and their infants were observed using a modified "strange situation" to explore the older siblings' potential to act as subsidiary attachment figures. Gamelike tasks were used to assess the conceptual perspective-taking abilities of the older children. Analyses revealed that: (1) 51% of the children exhibited caregiving behaviors toward their infant siblings, (2) conceptual perspective-taking ability and caregiving behavior appear to be both structurally and functionally related (( = .86) to one another, (3) nonperspective-taking children seldom act as caregivers, and (4) mothers tended to request caregiving assistance of the older siblings only if those siblings were perspective-takers. The results are discussed in terms of developmental changes in mother-child attachment and of a family systems framework.


The essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl (L amiaceae) was isolated by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the plant after flowering, with a yield of 0.15%. The chemical composition of volatile oil was analyzed by GC/ MS. The main compo nents were bis (2ethylhexyl)phthalate(58.39%),decane(25.46%), p-Xyle ne (4.2%) ,dodecane(3.85%)and α-pinene (3.29%).


in GaMnAs: Mn content dependence ©(DC)Iriya Muneta, Toshiki Kanaki, Shinobu Ohya, and Masaaki Tanaka Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, the University of Tokyo E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Although it has been clarified that the ferromagnetism in GaMnAs comes from the impurity band (IB) [1-3], the detailed structure of IB has not been investigated experimentally, which is necessary for understanding the mechanism of the ferromagnetism. Tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) can be used for clarifying the anisotropic density of states (DOS) of ferromagnetic semiconductors, and the TAMR observed in the GaMnAs tunnel junctions has been thought to originate from the valenceband-like hole-bound states in GaMnAs [4]. However, our recent analysis on the Fermi level shows that the valence-band-like hole-bound states should vanish in the metallic GaMnAs because of the screening effect, whereas the p-d hybridized orbitals exist and give rise to the hole-bound states made of IB [2]. Therefore, it is more natural to think that TAMR originates from IB in GaMnAs. Here, we study the Mn content dependence of the anisotropic DOS of IB by measuring the hole-energy dependence of TAMR in GaMnAs single-barrier heterostructures. We grew Ga1−xMnxAs (13 nm) / AlAs (4 nm) / GaAs:Be (100 nm) on a pGaAs (001) substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy. The Mn content x was varied from 2.5% to 6%. After the growth, the wafer was annealed at 160◦C in air for 10-20 hours. The electrodes were made on the surface of the 200 μm mesa and the substrate. The sign of the bias voltage V is defined by the one of the top electrode with respect to the one of the substrate. We measured the I-V characteristics at 3.5 K with applying a magnetic field of 8 kG in various in-plain directions θ where θ is the angle between the magnetic field (// magnetization) and the [100] direction. At 8 kG, the magnetization of the GaMnAs layer is parallel to the magnetic field H. dI/dV at each V , which is proportional to DOS at each energy, was obtained numerically from the I-V characteristics. The θ dependence of dI/dV at each V is represented by C4 cos[4(θ−π/4)]/4+C2 cos[2(θ−π/4)], where C4 and C2 are anisotropy components along the 〈100〉 and [1̄10] axes, respectively. Figure 1 shows the C4 and C2 values obtained from the dI/dV-θ curve at each V . The valence band (VB) top positions shown in Fig. 1 are estimated from the d2I/dV2-V peak bias voltage of the first heavy-hole resonant tunneling state in the surface GaMnAs [1]. In the band gap region in Fig. 1(b), C2 is changed from negative to positive as V increases in the positive direction. As x increases, the bias voltage corresponding to C2 = 0 is shifted to the left. The peculiar and complicated features observed here are considered to be related to the anisotropic DOS of IB. This work was partly supported by Research Fellow of JSPS, Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research including Specially Promoted Research, and Project for Developing Innovation Systems of MEXT.


neuro-developmental problems arising in childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD [1]) autism and learning disability tic disorders emotional and behavioural problems disruptive behaviour feeding and toileting difficulties depression anxiety and OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) response to trauma or life adjustment (such as domestic violence and divorce) attachment disorders other significant mental health problems eating disorders psychosis self-harm and attempted suicide


Context: Several studies have linked micronutrients with various forms of precancer and cancer but with many limitations and inconclusive outcomes. There is a need to work on the limitations of existing studies and develop guidelines for future perspectives. Aims: Our research is an attempt to search, at molecular level, the reasons for alterations in trace metals occurring and their role, if any, in the etiopathogenesis of OSMF and carcinogenesis, with an aim to improve prognosis. Also to evaluate the role of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) along with cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) which may have a role in carcinogenesis. Settings and Design: It was an observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: The study comprised 50 patients each in group-A with oral submucous fibrosis, group B (chewing habit without oral submucous fibrosis), and group C (healthy individuals without chewing habit). The serum levels of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni were analyzed from venous blood using atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed by Student′s unpaired ′′t′- test and one-way analysis of variance Bonferroni post-hoc test using SPSS software. Results: Groups A and B showed a highly significant statistical difference in serum values of Cu, Zn, and Cd (P < 0.001). The values of Cu and Cd were significant when compared among groups A and C. Statistically significant difference in values of Cu, Zn, and Cr were found when compared between groups B and C. Conclusion: The altered values of serum observed may be a reflection of the tissue levels. Copper′s role in pathogenesis of OSMF is reestablished with proposed role of Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni in carcinogenesis.


Background Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) affects every strata of society but the illiterate and economically backward people are the most affected. When children with HIV develop clinical manifestations and need treatment, they have to travel from faraway places to access care and management at tertiary institutions. This leads to either noncompliance with treatment or wastage of meagre resources of the patient. Methods Four hundred children diagnosed with HIV/AIDS coming to the Department of Dermatology in a hospital in North India for diagnosis and treatment of various skin disorders were questioned with respect to their family's social, economic and educational background. Demographic variables such as age, sex, education, occupation and data on clinical manifestations were reviewed. Results Out of the 400 children, males outnumbered females in the ratio of 1.96:1. Most of the children were in the age group of 10-15 years (55.75%) and the majority belonged to rural areas (88.25 %). Most of the children were going to school in the standards appropriate for their age. The most common mucocutaneous manifestations in these children were oral candidiasis (10%), staphylococcal skin infections (12.5%) and pruritic papular eruptions (12.5%).


In the Digitalized world, the problem exists in transmitting and concealing highly secured and important information. This results in developing better technique/algorithm for the secure and safe transmission of information with data hiding. Here comes our study in Audio Steganography. With the existing scenario we say that Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) is better than Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). If Steganography is implemented in the audio signal, the above result is contrary. We focus on the audio steganography for analyzing the behavior for different modulation schemes. The result is controversial (i.e.) PCM is better option for transmitting an encoded audio signal with text information. This result has not been proved yet in terms of coding. The coding is developed in MATLAB. In the algorithm, using the scattering method, the encoded text is embedded into digitized audio signal. Here comes the case study of each method of modulation, ultimately proving that PCM is better method compared to Differential PCM (DPCM).


A nonlinear, Digitalized Modified-Logistic Map based Pseudo Random Number Generator (DMLM-PRNG) is proposed for randomness enhancement. We use parameter selection to reduce computation cost and output sequence scrambling to improve the quality or randomness. Statistical test results show that DMLM-PRNG passes all cases in SP800-22, and most of cases in Crush, one of the test suite of TesuU01. When compared to previous chaotic map based PRNGs, in terms of randomness quality, our system is as good as Addabbo's [1] combined system and better than Li's [2] system. Moreover, our system shows better scalability than Addabbo's system.


Agriculture is responsible for up to 30% of the greenhouse gases emission, and cattle breeding is the main contributor making up almost 10% of the total. For this reason, this sector is a key player toward a complete decarbonization. To take the proper action to reduce climate impact of cattle breeding, it is necessary to know the energy requirements of the industry. This work focuses on the energy mapping of a parmesan cheese production, with reference to an agricultural company situated in Modena province with about six hundred animals. Knowing the electrical and thermal energy requirements to produce a wheel of cheese gives the possibility to the farmers to identify and reduce the energy wastage as well as starting the implementation of a strategy for fossil fuel substitution. In this study, a comprehensive monitoring campaign is presented together with the proposal of some possible improvements. The analysis showed that, considering the actual situation, about 64 kWh of electrical energy and 94 kWh of thermal energy are needed to produce a parmesan cheese wheel, while the fuel used to feed the agricultural machinery (e.g., tractors) accounts for around 174 kWh. In this context, the implementation of biogas and solar photovoltaic can greatly contribute to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.


Summary: The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on electrically evoked kindled seizures were studied in conscious, unrestrained rats with chronically implanted cortical and limbic electrodes, and the results were compared with those of Δ9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), phenytoin (PHT), and ethosuximide (ESM). All drugs were anticonvulsant, but there were marked differences in their effects on afterdischarge (AD) threshold, duration, and amplitude. CBD, like PHT and Δ9‐THC, elevated the AD threshold; in contrast, ESM decreased the threshold but suppressed AD spread. CBD, however, also resembled ESM inasmuch as both drugs decreased AD duration and amplitude. Electrophysiologically, the antiseizure effects of CBD were a combination of those of PHT and ESM. The combination of effects may account for the observation that CBD was the most efficacious of the drugs tested against limbic ADs and convulsions. Other properties of CBD were also noted: For example, compared with Δ9‐THC, it is a much more selective anticonvulsant vis‐à‐vis motor toxicity. CBD also lacks the CNS excitatory effects produced by Δ9‐THC, PHT, and ESM. These characteristics, combined with its apparently unique set of electrophysiological properties, support the suggestion that CBD has therapeutic potential as an antiepileptic.


The labelling of diiodofluorescein with 131I using the ultraviolet waves as an excitation energy has been tried. Different normal alcohols have been used as solvents. The different parameters affecting the labelling yield such as, presence of water in different proportions, pH of the medium and presence of different concentrations of carrier, have been studied. Also, the effective lines of the Hg lamp have been elucidated. The labelling mechanism in different conditions has been explained. The study revealed that higher yields were obtained when using a mixture of ethanol and water as solvent at pH ∼ 5.


The land scale management is the demand of rural economic development when the rural economy reaches a cetain stage. The land scale land management is suitable for the certain conditions of nature, economy, society and technology. The central problem of the research on land scale management is to determine the scale of land management. To rationally determinate the scale of land management in a region is the basic demand of modern agricultural production, which is guided by economic results principle, social and ecological effect principle. On the basis of analyzing the factor, which influence the scale of land management, in this paper we have proviced the method for different regions to calculate their scale of land management and calculated the scale of land management in our country at present (1996) by using the data of the regular survey spot in the rural areas. With a vast territory, our country is not in the balance of the distribution and the development of land resources, agricultural laborers, economic level and the level of productiving among regions. Therefore the conditions of land scale management in our country are different from regions. On the basis of the regional diffeence, we have diviced 30 province administration units into three big types and five small types and pointed out the developing direction of the land scale management for each type. Type Ⅰ are the regions with abundant cultivated land resources and mainly distribute in the northeast and northwest. Moreover the regions of type Ⅰ 2 should pay more attention to explore the depth of resources and expand intensified agriculture. Type Ⅱ are the regions with inadequate cultivated land resources and well developed economy. The regions of type Ⅱ 1 and some regions of type Ⅱ 2 can carry out land scale management to realize agriculture modernization. Type Ⅲ are the regions where the cultivated land resource is inadequate and the non agricultural economy is less developed. Therefore at present in our country different regions can take land scale management in different form, level and scale, which will transfer gradually to the land scale management with an integrated sense.


The biosynthesis of norepinephrine in the hearts of chronically hypophysectomized rats has been studied by determining the rate of incorporation of labeled precursors into catecholamines. Both C14-tyrosine and H3-dopamine, administered as a single i.v. injection, were converted more rapidly to norepinephrine in the hearts of the hypophysectomized rats than in the controls. Previous work has indicated that hypophysectomy is associated with an increased turnover of cardiac norepinephrine. The present study demonstrates that increased de novo biosynthesis of catecholamines in the heart occurs concomitantly with the increased turnover. Small changes in the in vitro activities of the enzymes which metabolize catecholamines (monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase) in the hypophysectomized rat were also found.


Proposed is the energy efficient management system to develop a robust micro grid with lesser loss of probability and efficient with energy. We have presented techniques from the related work and find the optimized technique as well. Our research mainly depend upon the Particle Swarm Optimization in which we divide the grids into local and global solutions to find the optimized solution for the power supply and to overcome the nonlinear loads. We then compared the PSO with LEACH (Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and found that PSO is the best solution for energy efficient management system.


Polarization and strain induced by unipolar electric field (P\ulcorner, S\ulcorner), those induced by bipolar electric field (P, S) and remanent polarization (P\ulcorner) were investigated in 0.9Pb(Mg\ulcornerNb\ulcorner)O-relaxor ferroelectric ceramics in the temperature range of ~. From the temperature dependence of polarization and strain, the transition from predominantly paraelectric (electrostrictive) to partially ferroelectric (piezoelectric) is visualized. Under the given temperature, the P\ulcorner/P\ulcorner is always larger than the S\ulcorner/S\ulcorner and the difference between them becomes larger ass the temperature decrease. The S\ulcorner/P\ulcorner increases as the temperature decreased below phase transition temperature. It was suggested that these experimental results might be explained with a simple rigid ion model concentrating on BO\ulcorner octahedron.


William Shakespeare's works have been contemporised for Gippsland audiences as part of the Shakespeare on the River Festival in Stratford.


One aminoacyl and one peptidyl analog of chloramphenicol (Cl2CHCO-CAM) were prepared.
These are L-β-alaCAM and L-PhePheCAM. The kinetics of inhibition of peptide bond formation by these analogs were examined in a cell-free system which had been used previously for the study of Cl2CHCO-CAM [Drainas et al, Eur. J. Biochem. 1987, 164, 53-58]. In a model cell-free system, derived from Escherichia coli, acetylphenylalanyl-puromycin is produced in a pseudo-first-order reaction between the preformed acetylphenylalanyl/tRNA/poly(U)/ribosome complex (complex C) and excess puromycin. Both L-β-alaCAM and L-PhePheCAM were tested as inhibitors in this reaction. In the absence of inhibitor, the reaction follows first-order kinetics for the entire course of the reaction. In the presence of the analog the reaction gives biphasic log-time plots. The kinetic informations pertaining to the initial and the terminal slopes of the plot are analyzed (initial-slope and terminal-slope analysis).
Μοreover, through a computer simulation non-linear regression fitting program, the plots between the keq values and the concentration of the inhibitor [I] were constructed, and consequently the values of k6 and k7 were estimated. Detailed kinetic analysis suggests that both these analogs (I) behave as
slow-binding inhibitors and react competitively with complex C to form the complex C*I which is inactive towards puromycin. In the presence of L-β-alaCAM, C*I is formed via a two-step mechanism in which C*I is the product of a slow conformational change of the initial encounter complex CI according to the equation C + I CI C*I. Our results, concerning the two-step mechanism of L-β-alaCAM are in agreement with the results of previous investigations evaluating the potency and kinetic mechanisms of other aminoacyl and peptidyl analogs of chloramphenicol [Michelinaki et al, Mol. Pharmacol. 1997, 51, 139-146]. However, in the presence of L-PhePheCAM, our results are unique because we found evidences that C*I is formed via a one-step mechanism as a product of a slow conformational change according to the equation C + I C*I. The parent compound gives complex inhibition kinetics; increasing the concentration of the parent compound changes the inhibition from competitive to mixed noncompetitive [Drainas et al, Eur. J. Biochem. 1987, 164, 53-58]. In contrast, the analogs give competitive kinetics even at high concentrations of the inhibitor. The following Ki and Ki* values have been determined: Ki = 45 μΜ for L-β-alaCAM,
Ki* = 10 μΜ for L-β-alaCAM and Ki* = 46 μM for L-PhePheCAM. If we were to assume that both L-β-alaCAM and L-PhePheCAM behave as classical competitive inhibitors, we could say that L-β-alaCAM is 4.6 times more potent than L-PhePheCAM. On this assumption we could also compare chloramphenicol with L-β-alaCAM and see that L-β-alaCAM is 14.3 times weaker than chloramphenicol (Ki = 0.7 μΜ). It is suggested that as compared with chloramphenicol, both L-β-alaCAM and L-PhePheCAM have increased structural similarity to the 3΄-terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA or of peptidyl-tRNA and this similarity results in a more pronounced competitive inhibition. The results are compared with previous data and discussed on the basis of a possible retro-inverso relationship between chloramphenicol analogs and puromycin.


Kerala, one of the federal states of India, is a region known for its high levels of achievements in education, healthcare and social justice despite low per capita income. In line with global trends, in 1998 the government of Kerala formulated an Information Technology (IT) policy. The policy aims at increased application of IT in all walks of life, enhancing the IT industry base, creating a robust state information infrastructure and creating human resources for IT. The paper discusses the government's initiatives, achievements and limitations in the implementation of the IT policy. The paper identifies the pitfalls in the present IT policy and suggests suitable solutions. The study shows that, in spite of financial constraints, Kerala has made significant achievements in E‐governance. The findings of the study also reveal the need for better strategies for promotion of IT industries and PC penetration. The paper also emphasises the need to mobilise additional resources to achieve the policy objectives.


Levothyroxine (LT4) is frequently used as thyroid hormone replacement to treat hypothyroidism. Adverse skin reactions are not common. Lichenoid drug eruption is a one such medication-related reaction. the lesion morphology and pathology mimic lichen planus. The current case describes a 47-year-old man who presented to us with a diffuse levothyroxine-induced lichenoid drug eruption. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability assessment score suggested this was likely an ADR to levothyroxine. The eruption resolved after discontinuation of the medication. We also reviewed the literature on levothyroxine-associated adverse events.


Methods Data on the number of COVID-19–related deaths were retrieved from the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) (https://de.statista.com/statistik/ daten/studie/1104173/umfrage/todesfaelle-aufgrund-des-coronavirusin-deutschland-nach-geschlecht/). These data were correlated with the most up-to-date data for Germany on female and male inhabitants per age group as of 31 December 2018 (https://de.statista.com/statistik/ daten/studie/1112611/umfrage/weibliche-bevoelkerung-in-deutschlandnach-altersgruppen/), as well as the corresponding number of deaths in 2018 (www.ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-data sets/-/DEMO_MAGEC). Age groups were specified by the sources. Confidence intervals were calculated according to Clopper–Pearson. Results In 2018, a total of 953 691 deaths were registered in Germany; this corresponds to 2613 deaths per day. However, the death rate was somewhat higher in 2018 than in 2017 and 2019. The first COVID-19–related deaths were reported on 9 March 2020. By 25 May 2020, 8257 COVID-19–related deaths had been reported to the RKI; this corresponds to 0.87% of all deaths in 2018. However, the period during which COVID-19–related deaths were considered covered only 78 days. The highest daily number of newly reported deaths was reached on 16 April with 315 (corresponding to 12.1% of the average daily rate). The mean number of deaths reported per day was 106 (4.1%) and the median number 98 (3.7%), interquartile range 31–173. The following analyses according to age and sex took only 8252 deaths into account due to lacking information. In relation to the number of inhabitants in the respective age groups, a strong age dependence was seen for COVID-19–related deaths (Table). In addition, a sex dependence clearly emerged in the 40to 79-year age group. The Figure presents the COVID-19–related deaths in relation to deaths per age group and sex in Germany in 2018. In the 40to 89-year group, a clear age dependence for both sexes was evident. However, this was by no means as strong as in the relation of COVID-19 deaths to the number of inhabitants. The differences between the sexes were also far less pronounced.


Soil oxygen flux was measured polarographically in undisturbed tussock tundra and in an old vehicle track at Eagle Creek, Alaska. Because some polarograms did not show effective voltage plateaus, the polarographic method was tested for use in the tundra by experimental manipulation of soil water content and microbial oxygen demand. The response of soil oxygen flux was as predicted for artificially waterlogged systems, and the response to increased microbial demand indicated relatively high oxygen availability. Soil oxygen flux ranged from 25.9 ng O2 cm−2 min−1 in Sphagnum mats to 3.9 ng O2 cm−2 min−1 in unvegetated ruts of the vehicle track. Most sites in unvegetated ruts did not have measurable soil oxygen flux. In contrast, oxygen flux beneath Eriophorum vaginatum tussocks growing in the vehicle track averaged 10.7 ng O2 cm−2 min−1.


Water-based liquid for coating fertilizer granules have not been produced on the basis of plant-hydroxycinnamic acids, resulting from the extraction of plant biomass as waste. The coating obtained has to be water-insoluble and be microporous, in order to achieve a controlled release of nutrients from the granules. In preparing the coating, the curing of the polymer on the granule surface must take place so quickly that the disintegration of the water-soluble granules is prevented. This is made possible by a two-step polymerization process. In the first stage, the monomeric hydroxycinnamic acids can be prepolymerized in a highly concentrated solution form with an inorganic peroxide. Surprisingly, the reaction products remain highly soluble in water. After application of the solution containing reaction products (reaction solution) onto the granulate is performed the second stage of polymerization. This is achieved by the high concentration of polymer precursors in the aqueous phase and a rapid heating of the granulate. The two-stage process can be carried out even after partial substitution of the hydroxycinnamic by very good lignin. The coating of the granules on the basis of plant hydroxycinnamic acids is completely bio-based and biodegradable. The coated granules are used can be reduced from agricultural ecosystems in conjunction with the sub-foot fertilizer sustainable agricultural practice in the nutrient losses by adsorption to clay minerals and nutrient output.


The embodiment of the present invention provides a light splitting device, an optical multiplexing device, an optical multiplexing method, and an optical add-drop multiplexing device, relates to the optical communication technology field, and is used to improve the performance and reduce the cost. The light splitting device comprises a substrate, an antireflection film is arranged on the upper surface of the substrate, and a filtering film is arranged on the lower surface of the substrate. The light splitting device also comprises a light turning part opposite to the filtering film, a light signal is irradiated to the filtering film at a first specified angle, and a light wave of a first wavelength in the light signal is transmitted by the filtering film, so that the light wave of the first wavelength is separated from the light signal, and the light waves, except the light wave of the first wavelength, are reflected to the light turning part by the filtering film. The light turning part irradiates the light waves which are reflected to the light turning part to the filtering film at a second specified angle, and the light wave of a second wavelength in the light signal is transmitted by the filtering film, so that the light wave of the second wavelength is separated from the light signal. The light splitting device, the optical multiplexing device, the optical multiplexing method, and the optical add-drop multiplexing device of the present invention can be used in the optical communication.


Martin J. Buerger. With the guidance of one of the greatest crystallographers and mineralogists in the world, and with bright fellow graduate students around him (including Charles Prewitt, Charles Burnham, Wayne Dollase, and Tibor Zoltai), Peacor quickly mastered the essential skills in crystallography and mineralogy. He solved the structures of the pyroxenoids bustamite and rhodonite by single-crystal X-ray methods. Peacor finished his doctorate in 1962 and later that year joined the faculty at the University of Michigan—Ann Arbor, first as a lecturer in the Department of Mineralogy, and then as an assistant professor in the Department of Geological Sciences. While at the University of Michigan, he built a world-renowned program in X-ray and electron beam analysis of solid materials. In the meantime, he supervised numerous graduate students and hosted many visitors from around the world. In the first years of his professional career, Peacor continued to produce high-quality X-ray structure determinations of rock-forming minerals, such as zeolites (natrolite), pyroxenes, phosphates (metavivianite), carbonates, feldspars, and layered silica phases. What distinguishes his early work from that of his colleagues was his effort to incorporate a dynamical component to these diffraction studies. In the 1960s and 1970s, Peacor was virtually alone in his systematic exploration of the effects of increasing temperature on mineral structures using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The importance of these experiments was not fully appreciated until the mid-1980s, as researchers at the University of Cambridge promoted Landau analysis Donald Peacor was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1936. As a child, he had a strong interest in mineral collecting. He would take trains to Maine, Connecticut, and New York to collect many yet-to-be-described new minerals. During his high school years, he worked at the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, while continuing to collect minerals from dozens of localities. In 1958, after finishing high school in only three years, Peacor went to Tufts University. During his college days, he further developed his keen interest in mineralogy. He was able to finish his bachelor of science degree in two years and decided to pursue his master's and doctorate degrees at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the supervision of Who's Who in Mineral Names


Energy‐transfer processes in Er,O‐codoped GaAs (GaAs:Er,O) have been investigated by means of a pump and probe reflection technique. Time‐resolved reflectivity exhibited a characteristic dip; a negative signal due to bandgap renormalization in less than 1 ps and then a gradual recovery. In the recovery process, there were two components, fast and slow. The fast recovery time (several ps) was inversely proportional to Er concentration. The analysis based on a rate equation indicated that it is due to the capture of electrons by charged traps. The slow recovery (30–60 ps) was well coincident with the time (54 ps) predicted theoretically in the framework of a multiphonon‐assisted model. Optical excitation cross section of Er ions in GaAs:Er,O has also been studied in various samples and shown to depend strongly on Er concentration. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract There are relatively few studies of DNA content in the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) tribe. The first studies were realized in the Lessingianthus genus and determined the DNA content of 25 species. After DNA content, ploidy level and the total karyotype were compared in 6 Chrysolaena species. The aim of this study was to present, for the first time, the DNA content values of Vernonanthura and Vernonia and to thereby expand knowledge of the Vernonieae tribe. A total of 19 natural populations belonging to the genera Vernonanthura and Vernonia were studied for the first time. The results were compared with other Vernonieae genera and with other Asteraceae tribes. Our results found that Vernonieae have the smallest range of 1C value variation in Asteraceae. Furthermore, there were differences in the DNA content of Vernonia and Vernonanthura. These results show that low DNA content and herbaceous habit in Vernonia are characters derived from the higher DNA content and woody habit present in Vernonanthura. These results could indicate a hybrid origin of one species and allow the determination of both the ploidy and chromosome number of other taxa. The results observed in Vernonanthura species showed a highly significant correlation between 1C-value and latitude.


Ethylene had an undesirable effect on the quality of kiwifruits, bananas, broccoli, and spinach leaves that were prepared and stored as lightly processed products. A 2.or 20 ppm ethylene treatment hastened the softening of the pulp of kiwifruits and bananas held at 20°C. Use of charcoal with palladium chloride, as ethylene absorbent, prevented the accumulation of the ethylene and was effective in reducing the rate of softening in kiwifruits and bananas and of chlorophyll loss in spinach leaves, but not in broccoli.


The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the maximal (exhaustive) interpretation of nominal phrases cannot be used to support the existence of determiner phrases in Russian. The paper argues that the maximal interpretation of phrases including numerals and possessives arises irrespective of the syntactic position of the possessors. Rather, it should be dealt with as a merely semantic matter and the difference between the maximal and non-maximal interpretations can be reduced to (in)definiteness.


We consider thermal grid systems which aim to control a number of air conditioning systems as a unit. The ther-mal grid has a number of heat source units and air conditioning machines, and they are connected by pipes. In order to achieve the cooperative control of them, we propose a machine learning approach in which artificial neural networks are involved and it is trained by using mathematical programming techniques. Through some numerical experiments with the actual settings of the thermal grid systems, the potential of our proposed method is examined.


The utility model relates to a portable medical first-aid breathing machine which comprises a control rod, an air bag, a one-way air inlet valve, a one-way air outlet valve, an air conveying pipe and a mask. The control rod is connected with the upper end of the air bag. The breathing machine further comprises a fixing framework, the air bag is fixed to a bottom plate of the fixing framework, the upper side of the fixing framework is provided with a fixing plate, the fixing plate is provided with a cam, the cam is provided with a rotating handle, the lower side of the cam is provided with an idler wheel in contact with the cam in a rolling mode, the idler wheel is connected with the control rod, an air filtering device is arranged between the one-way air inlet valve and the air bag, the output end of the air conveying pipe is provided with a connector and the connector is in threaded connection with the mask. The portable medical first-aid breathing machine is simple in structure and reasonable in structure, and due to the fact that the fixing framework is provided with the cam, the rotating handle and the idler wheel, the handle can be manually rotated to blow air to rescue a patient on the situation of lack of electricity.


Low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) are frequently associated with epilepsy. There are few studies addressing the impact of seizures, antiseizure medications (ASMs), and lesion localization on presurgery cognitive functioning.


Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm (SFLA), a metaheuristic algorithms inspired by PSO and DE has proved its efficacy in solving discrete optimization problems. In this paper we have modified SFLA to solve constrained engineering design problems. The proposed modification integrates a simple mechanism to update the position of frog in its memeplex in order to accelerate the basic SFLA algorithm. The proposal is validated on four engineering design problems and the statistical results are compared with the state-of-art algorithms. The simulated statistical results indicate that our proposal is a promising alternative to solve these types of optimization problems in terms of convergence speed.


ii Acknowledgements iii Table of Figures v Glossary viii Chapter 1 – Intent 1 Chapter 2 – Hypothesis 3 Chapter 3 Process 4 Chapter 4 – Tool 6 Chapter 5 – Theoretical analysis 9 Chapter 6 – Results 11 6.1 – 40 Review Hours – Linear detection – 1000 defects 12 6.2 – 80 Review Hours – Linear detection – 1000 defect 16 6.3 – 160 Review Hours – Linear detection – 1000 defect 19 6.4 – 40 Review Hours 1000 defect 23 6.5 – 80 Review Hours 1000 defect 28 6.6 – 160 hour Review Hours 1000 defect 31 6.7 – 40-80-160 hour Review Hours 1000 defect 34 6.8–40-80-160 Hr Review Hours 1000 defect 37 6.9–40-80-160 Hr Review Hours 1000 defect 40 6.9– Actual Project Analysis 43 Chapter 7 – Findings 51 Chapter 8 – Conclusions 55


AGARWOOD IS SUCH A SPECIAL TREE and mysterious altogether. This magic tree has been in a hot seat for over 2000 years, from appearing in old texts and transcripts, continuing to be widely used in almost all cultures in the Asian region, to being one of the most important base notes in modern perfumery. Indeed it has remained the mainstay product allowing anyone to transform into a million-dollar corporate entity.


An object of the present invention is to provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape device and a tape adhesion method that do not require an actuator for the ACF tape cutting means. A separator (SP) the ACF tape 4 is applied to one side of the ACF tape (4) is conveyed in the horizontal direction in the region located immediately below the press tool 22. On the side of the pressing member 53 and the knife member (51) ACF tape cutting means 50, the press tool 22 is made of a connecting linkage to the press tool 22 are opposed to each other by interlocking means (28, 53b) It is provided. While interlocked with the rising and falling of the press tool 22, in the relative forward and backward movement with respect to the pressing member 53 is a knife member 54 to form a cut part (K) to the ACF tape (4). Then, the fragment (4S) of the ACF tape 4 formed in the separator (SP) by a cutout part (K) is, is conveyed to a position that is formed on the electrode edge portion 3 of the substrate 2. And, the press by lowering and raising the tool 22, the intercept (4S) is applied to the electrode (3).


In this paper, an approach to multi-robot exploration where key issue is to decrease the exploration time is presented. A popular concept for the exploration problem is based on the notion of frontiers from where target points are allocated to multiple robots. Exploring an environment is then about entering into the unexplored area by moving towards the targets. To do so, they must have an optimal path planning algorithm that finds the shortest route with minimum time. Our main contributions are three fold: (1) a wave front-based path planning algorithm for robot navigations; (2) an assignment method to better distribute the robots over the environment and (3) a concept of frontiers pruning for reducing the computation burden. The proposed approach has been tested through computer simulation.


In this research paper we present a first step towards integrating direct memory attacks (DMA) into exploitation frameworks. We conducted a literature study on existing hardware interfaces and show that some (FireWire, eSATA, Pc Card, Thunderbolt, USB OTG and PCI) are susceptible to DMA attacks. We present a proof of concept which integrates FireWire attacks into Metasploit. The proof of concept demonstrates that we are able to inject basic payloads, like reverse TCP shell, via the FireWire interface. We enhanced the basic exploit with fork capabilities to prevent the system from "hanging". This allows an attacker to compromise a computer with a FireWire interface and retain control of the system via the network. We also discuss further improvements related to multi-stager payloads. Furthermore, we present a second proof of concept that shows the possibility of running interactive sessions over the DMA-channel itself.


Objective: Infective aortic valve endocarditis can lead to destruction of the aortic valve and perivalvular apparatus, requiring reconstruction with a reliable and versatile prosthesis. Due to limited availability of homografts, the Medtronic Freestyle porcine aortic root bioprosthesis is often used. There is, however, limited data on the outcome of this strategy. We therefore aim to evaluate the outcome of the Freestyle bioprosthesis in the surgical management of extensive aortic valve endocarditis.


In order to ensure normal operation of enterprise production activities and enhance the competitiveness of enterprise, equipment management and maintenance strategy formulation has always been one of important contents of daily management of enterprise. According to the actual requirement of a Chinese beer production enterprise, preventive maintenance strategy of filling equipment is put forward based on reliability-centred maintenance (RCM). Firstly, on the basis of analyzing RCM theory and equipment maintenance, the general process of failure analysis of beer production equipment is presented. Secondly, the general production process of bottled beer is analyzed, and the composition of major filling equipment is also introduced in the beer production line. With the help of key indicators of equipment reliability, such as mean time between failure (MTBF), mean time to repair restoration (MTTR) and availability Ai, the fault analysis of filling production line is carried out, and the relevant results are calculated. Then, process failure mode and effect analysis (PFMEA) of filling machine is implemented, and fault tree analysis (FTA) of potential failure modes with high risk priority numbers is also completed. Finally, preventive and maintenance strategies of filling equipment are established on the basis of RCM. Through the research in this paper, maintenance costs and unplanned breakdown hours can be significantly reduced.


If we really want to transform the quality and safety of health care, we can't just do more of what we do now. Even doing it more efficiently won't be enough. We have to do different things and we have to do things differently. This is the message of two articles in this week's BMJ .

Hugh Rogers and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2321) tell us that how we deliver and receive care is governed by a set of rules. We may not be aware of these rules, so ingrained are they in how we operate as clinicians and patients, but they …


It is the study of the trade cycle during the thirties that made imperfectly competitive output markets a major theme in macroeconomics, principally under the lead of Harrod. Both him and Keynes were referring at the same time to a supposed feature of business cycles, namely the counter cyclicality of real wages, which was however going to be very soon contested. Empirical evidence, as well as other more speculative considerations, induced an important flow of theoretical arguments developed by several authors during a very short period, at the eve of the second World War. We propose to examine these aborted guidelines already exhibiting the main ingredients of the New Keynesian research programme only developed one half century later: imperfectly competitive goods markets (with costly price adjustment, economies of scale and cyclical behaviour of markups), imperfectly competitive labour markets (with wage negotiations, implicit contracts and efficiency wages), and finally coordination failures.


Wind energy is taken into account to be one amongst the proved technologies. In this project to confirm continuous provider of power appropriate storage technology is employed as backup. A charge managementler for battery bank is developed supported MPPT logic control to confirm controlled charging and discharging of battery. The management schemes are integrated and also the effectiveness is valid by testing it with varied load and wind profiles in MATLAB/SIMULNIK. gift energy want greatly depends on the standard sources. however the inadequate accessibility and steady increase within the value of typical sources has shifted the main focus toward renewable sources of energy. Of the accessible different sources of energy, wind energy is taken into account to be one amongst the verified technologies.


The US approach to employment regulation has created conditions in which 'high road' employee management practices can be costly for employers, while limited regulation gives firms ample freedom to pursue 'low road' strategies. Within this context, US firms face increasing domestic and global pressures to cut labor costs of all types, particularly businesses operating in the retail service industry with many low-skilled, hourly jobs. Yet as recent organization- and job-level studies document, not all such jobs are created equal. This article considers potentially different business strategies applied to the same job, that of restaurant waiter, within the distinct public policy contexts of two US states. The authors analyze practices related to waitstaff wages, benefits, and staffing and scheduling reported by managers at 16 sites of two national restaurant chains positioned in different lower-end segments of the full-service restaurant industry; and in suburban Seattle and Chicago, reflecting divergent state minimum-wage policy approaches. Findings reveal variation in employer practices across sites, often patterned by chain and state.


Computed tomography has become the major technique for evaluation of patients with laryngeal corcinoma and trauma to the larynx. The routine examination usually consists of 5 mm contiguous selection through the larynx in quiet respiration. Reformatted images obtained from these sections have not been of clinical value, in part because of the poor resolution of these images. In the past, thin-section scanning (1.5 mm collimation) has been impractical because of the significant time required to scan the entire larynx. By using the technique of rapid sequential scanning with automated table incrementation this logistic difficulty can be overcome, and the total thin-section examination may be performed in less than 9 min. Sophisticated computer software allows rapid reformatting of transaxial images in sagittal and coronal planes. This report illustates the normal and abnormal appearance of the larynx on coronal and sagittal reformatted images and compares reformatted images using the routine technique to those using the thin-section technique.


The vast extent of oil shale resources, amounting t o roughly three trillion barrels, is well known. The potentially producible resource, if successfully exploited, may provide a long-term source of afford able oil.


Sustainability is becoming an important topic in the society. Industries are adopting policies not only to comply with regulations but also to exercise social responsibility. As a result, academia is making efforts to prepare professionals with the knowledge and skills to facilitate sustainable solutions. Several initiatives to introduce sustainability in engineering education have been reported in the literature. However, the complexity and wide scope of sustainability make the teaching and learning of this subject a challenge. Sustainability can be defined from different perspectives and its balance between environment, economy and social pillars is not always preserved. Additionally, the existing instruments to assess sustainability knowledge are too general and no discipline specific. In a complex topic like this, the knowledge in different disciplines cannot be measured the same. This work presents an approach to develop assessment instruments to assess sustainability knowledge in engineering in a learning module to be introduced in a first year engineering design course. The tools will be designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the module and the performance of the students in the module.


Recent studies have showm that sex differences in psychological distress have declined over the past several decades. Most commonly, the decline is attributed to increases in women's participation in the laborforce, which is thought to have improved the mental health of women while reducing the mental health of men (i.e., husbands). Our paper examines the effect of changes in men's employment patterns during the past two decades. The findings show that declines in men's employment are as important as increases in women's employment in accounting for the sex trend in psychological distress.


Present investigation was carried out for occurrence and pathological study of coccidiosis in camels. One hundred seventy two samples of intestine were collected from western Rajasthan irrespective of age, breed and sex during September 2013 to January 2014. Out of these, 103 samples with clear gross lesion, were further subjected to investigation. Gross lesions were hyperaemia and patchy haemorrhages were found in mucosa of intestine. Tissue samples were taken from the intestinal tracts and then fixed in 10% buffered formalin. They were mechanically processed and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5 μm thickness were cut with help of hand operated microtome and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Coccidiosis was recorded in 8.74% cases. Microscopic examination revealed eosinophilic enteritis and existence of developmental stages of the parasite such as giant schizonts, microgamont, macrogametocytes, and unsporulatd oocysts in the lacteals of lamina propria and in the epithelium of Lieberkuhn glands. Coccidial infection is prevalent in camels in the western Rajasthan.


In the past 20 years, profound changes have taken place in China's financial system, while with the deepening of the reform of financial system, new changes will continue to occur. The essay expounds the controversies and disagreements in the course of the formation and evolution of China's financial system and discusses on the two closely concerned issues of the establishment of the Banking Supervision Commission, and the prospect of commercial banks so as to derive some valuable enlightenment.


Accurate segmentation and extraction of the cerebral veins in susceptibility weighted MR image is helpful to clinical diagnosis. This paper demonstrates a multi-step combination approach, which uses region dividing method to suppress the high-frequency background effects caused by in homogeneity in the bottom brain, utilizes Vessel Enhance Diffusion filter to enhance the continuity of the vein and suppress the nucleus area, and develops a multi-adaptive threshold method to combine tubular structure based method and gray scale based method to finally realize the accurate segmentation of the vein. The results showed that the approach can detect the very small vessels of the brain and segment the vein from the brain tissue effectively.


The relationship between intensity of recreational load, change in density and biological productivity of phytocoenoses was studied on the basis of Calamagrostis langsdorffii (Link) Trin. and Scutellaria galericulata L. in relation to a group of heavy metals and trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Mо, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn). It is shown that the linear relationship of metal accumulation in the soil–plant system is observed only in a low concentration range (As 7.38, Cr>41.40, Cu>17.63, Mо>6.81, Ni>27.45, Pb>85.48, Sr>22.31, Zn<20.02 mg/kg), there is an inverse relationship: the higher the content of an element in the environment, the lower is its degree of absorption (as detected in relation to Pb, Ni and As). Some methodical approaches to designing a set of the long-term observations of natural ecosystems are formulated, justified and tested. It has been found that the re...


Abstract Background: Basal ganglia calcification (BGC) is a well-known complication of hypoparathyroidism. It is currently thought that increased serum phosphate or calcium x phosphate product may be major risk factors. However, the pathophysiology of BGC is still unclear, since the literature is largely based on limited case series or case reports. Methods: We identified a large cohort of patients with hypoparathyroidism diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 and evaluated those with head CT scans performed over this interval. Etiology and date of onset of hypoparathyroidism were determined by medical records review. All head CT scan images were reviewed to confirm radiology reports reporting BGC. We retrieved laboratory data within 10 years before the first head CT that showed incident BGC. Three age- and sex- matched controls with head CT scans were selected for each patient, and compared to the patients with hypoparathyroidism. Results: Of 1014 unique patients with a verified diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism, 142 had a head CT scan performed between 2000 and 2020. Head CT scans were performed for reasons unrelated to hypoparathyroidism in 96.5% of patients. In this cohort, 80.3% of patients (n=114) had post-surgical hypoparathyroidism. Age at which the first head CT in patients was done was 62±20.6 (range 11–97), and duration of hypoparathyroidism at the time of first head CT was 11.0±14.4 years (0–71). Prevalence of BGC in patients with hypoparathyroidism was 25.4% (n=36), as compared with 7.3% in the control group (31/426) (P<0.001). Patients and controls were similar in terms of cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, alcohol consumption, smoking status and BMI). In patients with non-surgical hypoparathyroidism (n=28), prevalence of BGC was 71.4% vs. 14.0% in the postsurgical cohort (OR 15.4; 95% CI 5.8–40, P<0.001). Compared to patients with hypoparathyroidism without BGC, those with BGC had lower time-weighted average serum calcium (8.4±0.8 vs. 8.8±0.8, P=0.002; normal range, 8.6–10.2 mg/dL), and lower time-weighted average calcium/phosphate ratio (Ca/P) (1.83±0.52 vs. 2.13±0.47, P=0.007). Conclusions: Basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism is associated with low serum calcium and low Ca/P ratio. This may allow increased bioavailability of phosphate in the extracellular space, leading to calcium phosphate crystal formation within the basal ganglia. Assessing Ca/P ratio may be useful to identify patients at risk for BGC. Prevalence of BGC is significantly higher in patients with non-surgical hypoparathyroidism.