High impedance fault detection is an active research area, and is important to distribution power system operators. Research to date has focused on new sensor technologies and signal processing schemes to detect these faults. However, development of these schemes requires real fault incident data. Experimental HIF data at low voltage (0.4 kV) are currently unavailable, therefore we have designed a low voltage test facility design to physically simulate HIFs. The facility includes the geometrical representation of actual low voltage distribution lines, as an objective of the facility is for its use in the evaluation of (Giant Magneto-resistance) GMR sensors as a basis for a fault detection system. The initial HIF experimental data collected in this facility demonstrates the capability of the test facility to simulate such faults. The test facility will therefore be beneficial for generating actual data for studying HIF phenomena and for the development of a GMR sensor based detection scheme. This will be the subject of ongoing work.


Dr. Prel lner , in Article 1, has already e x p l a i n e d in de ta i l t h e e t io logy, c o u r s e , p r e v a l e n c e , a n d c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of o t i t i s media. However, for the purpose of diagnosis and t rea tment of otitis media, the topic of th i s a r t i c l e , we f o u n d it nece s sa ry to touch briefly on some of the topics already discussed by Dr. Prel lner so that our explan a t i o n will be c lear to t h e r e a d e r . Oti t is media is the most frequently diagnosed disease in infants a n d early c h i l d h o o d . T h e a n n u a l cost is m o r e than 1 bill ion dollars for surgical t r e a t m e n t a n d approx imate ly 2.5 bi l l ion dol la rs for med ica l t r e a t m e n t (Biedlingmaier, 1993). It is useful to divide the t e rm "otitis med ia" in to the two most c o m m o n classifications encoun te red in clinical practice, that is, acute (bacterial) otitis med ia and otitis med ia with effusion (see Article 1 by Prel lner) .


Nicotinic acid(β-picolinic acid), which is one of vitamin B medicines, is a good fine chemicals products and widely used in medicine, agtriculture, animal feeds, food additive, dyestuff and chemicals etc. The article summarizes technology in production and outlook of nicotinic acid at home and abrad.


This paper usually starts in primary childhood and its cruelty is associated with outcomes and cruelty of autism in teens and adulthood. Management is frequently behavioural. However, capable new concepts and indication are developing from neurobiology and development psychology that recognize neural adaptation, lack of environmental stimulation, arousal, and adaptive functions as key factors for the beginning and maintenance of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRBs). This paper consists of accelerometer sensor, tilt sensor, heart beat sensor, PIC microcontroller, motor with help of driver relays and IoT module. The accelerometer and tilt sensor are used to detect the child activity continuously. The sensor is fed to PIC (16F877A) microcontroller. If the sensor value crosses the threshold value, the vibration triggers the child and voice (music) will be played while in autism spectrum disorder. The IoT is used to monitor the child activity continuously.


A navigation Doppler Lidar (DL) was developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) for high precision velocity measurements from a lunar or planetary landing vehicle in support of the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project. A unique feature of this DL is that it has the capability to provide a precision velocity vector which can be easily separated into horizontal and vertical velocity components and high accuracy line of sight (LOS) range measurements. This dual mode of operation can provide useful information, such as vehicle orientation relative to the direction of travel, and vehicle attitude relative to the sensor footprint on the ground. System performance was evaluated in a series of helicopter flight tests over the California desert. This paper provides a description of the DL system and presents results obtained from these flight tests.


Three different volumes (.01, .4 and .7 ml.) of a 32% sucrose concentration were employed in a free-operant bar-press study. In acquisition performance was a decreasing function of volume while in extinction greater persistence of performance was obtained for the .4 and .7 groups than for the .01 group. The extinction results were contrasted with those obtained in discrete-trial experiments which had employed a comparable range of volumes and number of reinforcements but which reported that large volumes tended to decrease rather than increase resistance to extinction.


Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. According to WHO, in Latin America, 16-18 million people is infected with this protozoan. Due the involvement of the proteasome in the cellular biology of the T. cruzi and the low efficiency of the drugs used in the individuals treatment with Chagas disease, we believed that the characterization of the catalytic subunits of the 20S proteasome, would help in the development of future drugs that could be used in the therapeutics of the Chagas disease. This work shows the molecular and biochemical characterization of the catalytic subunits of the 20S proteasome in a T. cruzi population with in vitro induced (17WTS and 17LER), in vivo (BZS and BZR) and strains naturally sensitive and resistant to benznidazole (CL and Colombian). Chromosomal localization by using the pulse field gel electrophoresis and hybridization profiles with specific probes showed several pattern in the different strains, suggesting that these genes are not associated with the drugs phenotype resistance in T. cruzi. Southern blot analyses showed that these genes are present in at least two copies for genome haploid of the parasite. The expression of those genes was evaluated through of Northern blot analyses and the levels of the 20S proteasome identified using Western blot and antibodies against alpha subunits. The mRNA levels did not vary among the strains, but a larger level of 20S proteasome were detected in the sensitive strains (17WTS, BZS and CL) when compared the resistant strains (17LER, BZR and Colombian). The absent of accumulation of poly-ubiquitin conjugated, suggest that the poly-ubiquitination pathway and degradation by 26S proteasome, are strongly regulated in the strains of T. cruzi studied. The measure of the peptidase activity using specific substrate for the subunit Beta-1, -2 and -5, showed that the main proteolytic activity is tripsin-like in all strains. Moreover, the strains 17WTS and 17LER also presented a high quimotripsin-like activity. These results obtained until the moment suggest that, in the epimastigote development stage of the T. cruzi the post-translation modifications are more efficient by the regulation of 20S proteasome function than the transcriptional or posttranscriptional modification.


The experiment was conducted with six diverse genotypes including one 0.5% EMS induced mutant and one released white with cream center cultivar 'Nirmal' and one recently released white petal with pink center cultivar 'Prabal' of periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don] to seek the genetic information on leaf alkaloid yield by using diallel analysis. Analysis of variance for 6 x 6 diallel cross progenies revealed highly significant differences among treatments (inclusive of direct and reciprocal F1s and the parents) for all the traits. This study revealed that medium x medium and medium x high performing parents provided the best cross combination for the production of high leaf alkaloid yielding lines. Based on three analyses, namely graphical, variance component and combining ability, both additive and non-additive genetic variances were found important in the inheritance of alkaloid yield and other yield contributing characters although non-additive component was higher than the additive component for most of the characters except for leaf-stem ratio.


The key to study composite foundation is the load transfer mechanism,the additional stress distribution and characteristics.About the researches on this issue,numerical simulation method as the representative of the finite element can simulate the geometric properties of composite foundation and a variety of physical conditions.And it can show the stress field throughout the computational domain and the displacement field,which can avoid model size,shape,load,parameters and other restrictions.Numerical simulation method is also able to simulate laboratory and field test conditions and test programs so that it has a vast world.In this paper,according to the actual survey of high-speed railway project,three-dimensional finite element model is created applying MIDAS/GTS numerical simulation software.Furthermore,systematic analysis of deformation and load distribution factors of CFG pile composite foundation under embankment load is carried out.Settlement and the force of law of the pile cap and soil of CFG pile composite foundation in all construction phase is also studied in details.


Objective To determine the relationship between time management disposition and self-efficacy of head nurses.Methods Totally 388 head nurses were investigated with Time Management Disposition Scale and Self-efficacy Scale.Results Among all head nurses,the higher the scores in Time Management Disposition Scale,the higher the scores of in Self-efficacy Scale,which indicated statistical significance(P0.001).There was a significantly positive correlation between time management disposition and self-efficacy meanwhile time efficacy and time value had significantly predictable effect on self-efficacy(P0.05).Conclusion As a specific,external psychological behavior variable,time management disposition has significant influences on self-efficacy of head nurses,which indicates that time management training,which promotes time management disposition of head nurse,contributes to the improvement of self-efficacy and mental health of head nurses.


From the earlier articles in this series (ABT, November/December 1990 and January 1991) you learned how to use videodisc images to enhance your lectures in biology. You purchased or borrowed the hardware, software and videodisc. Now you are totally frustrated because you have all kinds of good ideas about the use of this technology and you turn to the directory of the disc to find the images you want. Not there! Frustration nearly overwhelms you. If videodisc technology had not already proven its effectiveness, you could simply cast this off as another useless technology! But you already know how useful the technology can be and you are excited about your ideas for using it in unique ways. I remember when this frustration first hit me . . . almost to the day and hour! Plant life cycles have always fascinated me and I think students can learn a lot about the evolution of plants by mastering at least a few life cycles such as moss, fern, gymnosperm and angiosperm. Students rarely share my enthusiasm for life cycles, at least not initially! When I saw the frog life cycle in the BioSci Stack published by Videodiscovery (Figure 1), I immediately envisioned similar life cycles for the plants mentioned above . .. and others. Students explore the frog life cycle by clicking on any stage of the cycle. The video monitor immediately displays a photograph of the frog at that stage or, in the case of the early embryonic divisions, it displays movies showing several cell divisions. This obviously makes the study of life cycles a lot more fun . .. maybe not as much fun as Super Mario Brothers, but almost! I knew how to write the computer program that would put the videodisc through its paces. All I had to do was look up the frame numbers on the BioSci videodisc and get to work. I decided to begin with the moss life cycle. As Lucy would say, "Aargh!!" The BioSci videodisc has many excellent photos of moss gametophytes of several species and a few of moss sporophytes with mature capsules. In addition, there are photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of archegonia and antheridia. BUT . .. the archegonia and antheridia slides were put on the disc horizontally rather than vertically! Furthermore, there are no photomicrographs of a section of a mature capsule or of individual spores or of the protonema stage of the gametophyte. My plan was foiled! This is not recited to discourage use of the BioSci videodisc; there are many beautiful images and movie segments on it that make it very useful to the biology teacher. But it does illustrate the kind of frustration you will encounter in one form or another with most videodiscs . . . a limitation not of the technology or of your ability to operate the system but a limitation of the disc itself. The careful choice of a disc then becomes a critical step in the use of this technology unless you can afford to order all of the available discs in biology!


Since whether troops can be fast transported by railway is decided by many capability factors,railway station insurance,carriage insurance,and supplies insurance are analyzed in the paper,which are the main obstacles to the fast transportation of troops by railway,with solutions to overcoming these obstacles put forward,which may help solve the problems.


The University of Brasilia (UnB) uses a diversity of chemical products, generating residues in a significant way in its multiple activities - teaching, research and community services. The UnB Comission on Chemical Residues Management was established in November 2002, aiming at three main objectives: 1) correct destination for the accumulated residues; 2) implantation of a chemical residues management system and 3) implantation of a UnB Unit for Treatment of Chemical Residues. To fulfil these commitments, a diagnosis of chemical residues produced by the University was performed, which is here presented with an evaluation of their future use, limitations and possibilities.


One may think that the design of bivariate accelerated life tests (ALTs) with one main effect and one interaction effect can be extended directly from the design proposed by Escobar and Meeker (1995) for bivariate ALTs with no interaction between the two variables. However, it can be shown that the "split" method, which is used in pursuing bivariate ALTs designs with no interaction term, can not be used here directly since it is found that the standardized test region is now a trapezoid instead of a square. In this article, this problem is solved. Test plans are developed to determine test conditions and allocate test units for constant-stress ALTs with Type-I censoring. The test criterion is to minimize , which is the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of the 100pth quantile of the lifetime distribution. An example is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.


Wikipedia is the largest collaborative encyclopedia published on the internet. Due to its 'open source' model, Wikipedia faces many issues regarding its Information Quality (IQ). Due to this reason, Wikipedia is generally not recommended for academic and research activities. However, hybrid approach which utilizes both content and metadata statistics of Wikipedia articles provide good insights in measuring the underlying IQ. Therefore, aligning with this hybrid approach, this study presents a simple yet precise model to assess the IQ of Wikipedia. The model comprises three IQ dimensions (1) Informativeness, (2) Reliability and (3) Authority, and 23 IQ features. The proposed model was tested with 1000 articles extracted from five WikiProjects Medicine, Politics, Sports, History, and Science. A Selenium-based web scraping technique was used to extract the data from articles automatically. The model received a classification accuracy of 79% and a clustering accuracy of 84%. Thus, this extensive experiment validates the effectiveness of the proposed model. Accordingly, the methodology, analysis and results, implications of the findings to theoretical discourse and practical applications, limitations, and futuristic directions are discussed in this paper.


This research is carried out in the Mexican oil and gas industry. An Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) is proposed, through support modules for the human operator (fuzzy expert system and artificial neural network) that simulate, forecast and standardize operational decision criteria of a sequential pipeline pumping system, with problems of vandalism, mechanical deterioration in the face of a complex topographic profile, in order to minimize operational subjectivity and prevent contingencies. The research provides new control and monitoring alternatives that guarantee the operational reliability of a pumping station, minimizing the effects of risk by managing the knowledge of the experts involved in the problem, data mining and association of results, which allow to unify criteria decision. The originality of the work focuses on the ability to model, identify and adapt variables to current international parameters, considering previous works through a comprehensive perspective.


The process management was introduced in the article,and was applied to optimizing and improving the management of fever out - patient clinic from the management level.We evaluated the effect and concluded some experiences in order to provide reference for improvement of management of fever out - patient clinic in the general hospital.


Ontario generates over 10 million waste passenger tire equivalents per year. Some are reused but the majority go into the waste stream. In support of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment's efforts to dispose of waste tires, the Ontario Ministry of Transportation built a demonstration hot mix pavement incorporating waste tire rubber at Thamesville in 1990. The purpose of the demonstration was to confirm that a) the construction of asphalt rubber hot mix pavements is environmentally acceptable and complies with worker health and safety regulations, b) pavement containing asphalt rubber hot mix can be recycled in both the plant mix and in-place modes, c) pavements containing asphalt rubber hot mix provide equivalent performance to standard pavements. The work consisted of 6.5 km each of asphalt rubber mix and standard mix. Both mixes were produced in a drum plant and placed with conventional paving equipment. The rubber content of the mix was 2.0%. A full schedule of stack testing was carried out to determine the presence and level of a wide variety of pollutants. Testing was also carried out at the mixing and placing operations to confirm that the process was in compliance with all Ontario worker health and safety regulations. A description of the work, a preliminary performance evaluation, a discussion on the findings of the environmental and worker safety testing and a costing analysis are included in the paper. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD Abstract no. 807788.


This article accounts theoretical and methodological approaches, and the findings of research conducted. There is a recognition of problems in Colombian ed- ucation: low reading comprehension and insufficient textual production by students at different education- al levels. In order to meet these goals, a theoretical framework was set to focus on reading comprehen- sion, textual production and cybernetic transfor- mation cycle. The work was carried out from the research approaches in the classroom, that facilitate understanding and transformation of meanings and practices, from the implementation of strategies to improve learning and teaching processes, with which it deals openly with the subjects and their practices in the construction of educational alternatives.


The present invention relates to a polyolefin composition for injection for producing impact-resistant container with good optical properties - the blow molding process (the ISBM) stretching the polyolefin composition comprising a polypropylene and a metallocene-based catalyst produced polyethylene.


Surfaces that exhibit reversible wettability toward water are extremely important for a variety of technological applications. In this context, the development of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces for self-cleaning applications has been receiving a great deal of attention in the last few years. In this review, an overview of the current state-of-science and technology of self-cleaning surfaces is presented. The current understanding of physics of wetting leading to surfaces with predictive, controllable and reversible wettability is first presented. The review then focuses on materials, mainly metal oxides and their composites, employed for self-cleaning applications. It is shown that, although conventionally oxides and polymers are considered for self-cleaning applications, recent developments point toward the use of artificially engineered surfaces with hierarchical roughness. Applications of self-cleaning films in non-conventional areas such as protection of fabrics, solar cells and structures related to cultural heritage are discussed. The review ends with an outlook for the future in terms of science and technology of self-cleaning surfaces.


Effective inter-vehicle communication is fundamental to a decentralized traffic information system based on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). To reflect the uncertainty of the information propagation, most of the existing work was conducted by assuming the inter-vehicle distance follows some specific probability models, e.g., the lognormal or exponential distribution, while reducing the analysis complexity. Aimed at providing more generic results, a recursive modeling framework is proposed for VANETs in this paper when the vehicle spacing can be captured by a general i.i.d. distribution. With the framework, the analytical expressions for a series of commonly discussed metrics are derived respectively, including the mean, variance, probability distribution of the propagation distance, and expectation for the number of vehicles included in a propagation process, when the transmission failures are mainly caused by MAC contentions. Moreover, a discussion is also made for demonstrating the efficiency of the recursive analysis method when the impact of channel fading is also considered. All the analytical results are verified by extensive simulations. We believe that this work is able to potentially reveal a more insightful understanding of information propagation in VANETs by allowing to evaluate the effect of any vehicle headway distributions.


A generalization to the multi-dimensional case of commutative rings of differential operators is considered. An algorithm for construction of commuting two-dimensional differential operators is formulated for a special kind of operators related to the simple one-dimensional model proposed by Burchnall and Chaundy in 1932. The problem of classifying such commutative pairs is discussed. The suggested algorithm is based on necessary conditions for general commutativity and the reducibility lemma proved in the present paper


The results of a series of large-eddy simulations of heated and unheated jets using approximately 106 grid points are presented. The computations were performed on jets at operating conditions originally investigated by Tanna in the late 1970s [H. K. Tanna, "An experimental study of jet noise Part I: Turbulent mixing noise," J. Sound Vib., 50, 405 (1977)]. Three acoustic Mach numbers are investigated (Uj∕a∞=0.5, 0.9, and 1.5) at cold (constant stagnation temperature) and heated conditions (Tj∕T∞=1.8, 2.7, and 2.3, respectively). The jets' initial annular shear layers are thick relative to experimental jets and are quasi-laminar with superimposed disturbances from linear instability theory. It is observed that qualitative changes in the jets' mean- and turbulent field structure with Uj and Tj are consistent with previous experimental data. However, the jets exhibit a faster centerline mean velocity decay rate relative to the existing data, with a corresponding 3–4 % over-prediction of the peak root-mean-sq...


In this paper, we consider wideband spectrum sensing problem in cognitive radio networks. We propose a new method to sense the spectrum based on DOA (direction of arrival) estimation model. In order to sense the spectrum, we examine the MUSIC-like algorithm using fourth-order cumulants matrix of the received signals. Wideband spectrum is assumed to be linear and uniformly spaced among subchannels. To estimate the number of occupied subchannels, we use the singular value decomposition of the fourth-order cumulants matrix and to estimate the location of occupied subchannels, we investigate optimizing a cost function that is obtained from MUSIC-like algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated through simulations. The results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method.


This paper outlines many weaknesses in macroeconomic theory today and suggests a way out of the dilemma is to use systems or cybernetic thinking. The paper uses a topical case study to illustrate the authors' views of economics, cybernetics and mathematics. It concludes with recommendations for the future of economics in the 21st century.


The prevalence of obesity is increasing at a faster rate among adolescents than any other age group in Canada. Adolescent obesity is not only associated with health problems and obesity in adulthood but we are now seeing similar weight-related health problems in youth. Obesity prevention measures are key in controlling the rise of this disease. Altered eating behaviours have been associated with body weight and weight gain in adults. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) measures the eating behaviours of cognitive restraint, disinhibition and hunger in addition to various subscales, e.g. flexible and rigid control, dieting, emotional overeating. To our knowledge, these subscales to date have not been measured in adolescents. This study used the TFEQ to measure these behaviours in adolescents from the Québec Family Study. Both rigid control of eating and disinhibition with emotional susceptibility to overeat were positively related to BMI z-scores (p < 0.05). The relationship between rigid control and body weight was stronger among females while that of disinhibition and body weight was stronger among males. After categorizing the adolescents into median-split high and low eating behaviour groups (high disinhibitionhigh rigid control, low disinhibition-high rigid control, low disinhibition high rigid control, high disinhibition-low rigid control) those having both high rigid control and high disinhibition were heavier than those with low values of both behaviours (p < 0.05). Flexible control was not related to weight in this group of adolescents. Aside from hunger scores, there were no significant associations between TFEQ scores and self-reported energy intake. Moreover, overweight and obese adolescents expressed higher disinhibition and rigid control scores than their lean counterparts. The control subscales are important and should be used to clarify the relationship between cognitive restraint and body weight. Educating successful weight control/maintenance strategies is imperative in the prevention of obesity in this age group.


This paper concisely introduces CDD - SPM algorithm of speech recognition phone and its hardware structure,and also describes the implemention of CDD - SPM on speech recognition phone with ADSP2186 program language.


At-Bit Inclinometer(ABI) is used to measure the real well trajectory while drilling, and it is important component for realizing the automation and intelligentization of drilling device. Due to the field calibration condition, ABI can only be calibrated with customized two-axis turntable, which is not suitable for traditional 12-position calibration. So, according to the field calibration condition, an optimal 8-position calibration for ABI was introduced based on the analysis of calibration principle. The information matrix of least square estimation for this method was defined, its determinant was optimized with numerical calculation, and the optimal position parameter which maximizes the determinant was found. The calibration parameters obtained by the optimal 8-position calibration for ABI with calibration experiment was compared with that obtained by traditional 12-position calibration, and the precision of this method was verified by the comparison. The results show that the relative errors of the scale factors and zero deviations between the two methods are less than 10-5, and that the errors of misalignment angles between the two methods are less than 2", which can fully satisfy the requirements of practical applications.


To the Editor:

We wish to respond to the article published recently by Hlatky and colleagues in Circulation .1 The study found that early differences between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and angioplasty (PTCA) in costs and quality of life were no longer significant at 10 to 12 years and that CABG was cost-effective as compared with PTCA for multivessel disease. We would like to make a few comments on this study and its findings.

The original BARI (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation) trial2 compared PTCA with CABG for multivessel disease; however, coronary stents were not used during the initial revascularization. With the advances in technology in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and widespread use of coronary stents and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists since the BARI trial began, the outcome in terms of medical costs and quality of life in these patients 10 to 12 years after PTCA may well …


Professor Wallace's study of the aluminum industry is a model of high technical competence and scrupulous fairness in the appraisal of the policies of an industry. The outstanding quality of the work lies in its use of modern theories of imperfect competition and the subtle application of these theories to actual situations. The book is of importance to all students interested in these theories and to all those who


Primary education is quite important in terms of preparing children for life, and providing them with specific habits and skills. Students will reinforce, enrich, and use the skills and knowledge that acquired during primary education throughout their lives. Social Studies and Civic Education courses are quite important in teaching skills and knowledge to students that they use throughout their lives. Civic Education course is taught at the first, second and third grades, while Social Studies course is taught at the fourth and fifth grades of the primary school education. It is known that, with respect to their developmental characteristics children from first to fifth grade of the elementary level are in the concrete operational level. And beginning from the fifth grade, students pass into the formal operational period. These facts are also taken into consideration in preparation of relevant curricula. This research is a comparative case study utilizing survey method. Numerical values obtained with using quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques were used in the study. The population of the study consisted of 4th and 5th grade students studying at 8 primary education schools located in a number of towns of the Istanbul province. And the sample is composed of 559 students from total of 16 classrooms, 8 from among 4th grade and 8 from 5th grade, which were selected from the population using random sampling method, in the 2008-2009 school year. The quantitative data of the study were gathered through a questionnaire, while the qualitative data were obtained from open-ended questions that were asked to 40 students who selected randomly among students constituting the sample. Oral and written answers were obtained from open-ended questions. The data gathered through questionnaires were subjected to evaluation on computer environment. Percentage distributions of answers which were given to questionnaires were measured during the statistical analysis, and the data obtained from open-ended questions were subjected to content analysis. The data obtained from the content analysis were coded within the framework of specific categories. Then, the quantitative and qualitative data were tabularized and interpreted by comparison. It is also considered that this study, which aims to evaluate the Social Studies Curriculum that is based on constructivist approach on the fourth and fifth grade levels through views of students, will fill an important gap. Key words: Social Studies, students views, primary education.


Abstract : The Theater Warfare Exercise (TWX) is a two-sided, theater-level, decision-making exercise created, maintained and used by the personnel at the Air Force Wargaming Center. It is used to allow military officers to practice the decision-making process needed for the wartime employment of air power. An automated player was designed and a prototype implemented for the red (enemy) player using an expert system shell. The automated red player uses the TWX database that contains the data on the different units used in exercise. From the data the automated red player builds mission packages for the various types of missions required in each day's activities by matching the day's requirements, given as prioritized target lists, and the characteristics of the aircraft available. The mission packages are not optimal but they are realistic and comply with the limitations placed on the red player. The output from the automated red player is in the same format as that currently used by the red players. The automated red player reduces the amount of time needed to build the red mission packages by several hours. It also provides a standardized and realistic red player to allow comparisons of the success of different blue, friendly, teams.


This essay advances three theses. First, in Kiobel, a case about the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) of the United States, Justices of the United States Supreme Court employ policy arguments in addition to legal arguments. Second, Justices in Kiobel draw on the emotional appeal of the idea that the United States should be a responsible member of the international community. Third, the future of transnational human rights litigation depends in no small part upon a shift in the sentiments both of the Court and the United States society as a whole.


As habitats become fragmented, once-contiguous populations may be spatially isolated and reduced in size. In addition, new populations may arise through dispersal and colonization. When this occurs, the founding population is often small and there is a reduced chance that the founding individuals represent the full genetic compliment found in the parent population. Resulting populations may be characterized by reduced heterozygosity and allelic diversity. We assessed genetic variation in two nesting populations of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus): a small isolated one in Colorado and a large contiguous one in Ontario, Canada. We predicted that the Colorado population would have reduced heterozygosity and allelic diversity when compared with the Ontario population.


In two dimensions, we consider the problem of inversion of the attenuated $X$-ray transform of a compactly supported function from data restricted to lines leaning on a given arc. We provide a method to reconstruct the function on the subdomain encompassed by this arc. The attenuation is assumed known in this subdomain. The method of proof uses the range characterization in terms of a Hilbert transform associated with $A$-analytic functions in the sense of Bukhgeim.


For each k > 0 we construct an algebraic structure over which the polynomial hierarchy collapses at level k. We also find an algebraic structure over which the polynomial hierarchy does not collapse. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the UH_2-U ratio,5- Fu concentration and toxicity in 20 nasopharynx patients and to discover if the UH_2-U ratio could be used as an indication to adjust the dose of 5Fu or to change the therapy regimen. METHODS: The plasma samples from 20 nasopharynx patients were collected, Endogenous uracil and dihydrouracil were assayed by HPLC as previous reported. The concentration of 5-Fu was determined during the chemotherapy and its toxicity was evaluated after the therapy. The correlation between them were studied. RESULTS:The result showed that the endogenous UH_2-U ratio were correlated to the concentration of 5-Fu and the toxicity induced by the 5-Fu. CONCLUSIONS: The result indicated the UH_2-U ratio can be used to predicate the toxicity of 5-Fu and to adjust the dose of 5-Fu before the treatment.


The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is an uncommon location for spontaneous peripheral arterial dissections. In the past, most symptomatic SMA dissections were treated surgically. However, the authors recently treated a healthy 40-year-old man who experienced a symptomatic SMA dissection with anticoagulation therapy alone. The patient had bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) dissections in the past that were also managed in a conservative fashion. To their knowledge, this is the first patient reported in the literature with both ICA and SMA dissections. In addition, he is one of only a few patients with an SMA dissection who was successfully treated without surgical intervention. From our experience with this patient and a review of the literature, we believe that a trial of anticoagulation therapy is warranted in all patients with uncomplicated, symptomatic SMA dissections.


Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of full amplitude RR Lyrae stars have been computed for several models across the instability strip. The three-dimensional nature of the calculations allows convection to be treated without reference to a phenomenological approach such as the local mixing length theory. Specifically, the time-dependent interaction of large-scale eddies and radial pulsation is controlled by conservation laws, while the effects of smaller convective eddies are simulated by an eddy viscosity model. The light amplitudes for these calculations are quite similar to those of our previous two-dimensional calculations in the middle of the instability strip, but somewhat lower near the red edge, the fundamental blue edge, and for the one first overtone model we computed. The time-dependent interaction between the radial pulsation and the convective energy transport is essentially the same in three dimensions as it is in two dimensions. There are some differences between the light curves of the two- and three-dimensional simulations, particularly during decreasing light. Reasons for the differences, both numerical and physical, are explored.


In this paper we investigate into set indexers of certain k-partite graphs and compute the set indexer number of many such graphs.


Based on ASPEN PLUS,simulation and analysis of biomass gasification process is proposed.A biomass gasification model based on the Gibbs free energy minimization method was developed by using the blocks of RGibbs re-actor and the RYield reactor.With this model,this paper analyzed the gasification process of rice husk in fluidized bed.It has been found that the simulation results and the experiment results fit well.The simulation analysis was used to observe the effect of gasification temperature and equivalence ratio(ER) on the gasification results.The results indicated that temperature in the range of this research had little effect on productivity rate.The gas productivity rate grew with an in-crease in temperature and ER and a decrease in heating value.


The objective of this study was to determine the changes of cortisol level of 6 giant pandas that moved from Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding into Dujiangyan Research Center during December 2011 to February 2012.The hormones were extracted from dried feces samples and measured by enzyme immunoassays( EIAs). The results showed that there were significant differences of cortisol level after the 6 pandas were moved into Dujiangyan center. No significant difference was found between age and gender,indicating that environmental factors might be the main reason for hormone changes of giant pandas. Additionally,we also found that the younger individuals showed higher cortisone level and stronger physical stress reactivity than the elders. Our results provide hormone change data for ex-situ and understanding the effect of environmental change on giant panda,which would greatly help for the future conservation management and releasing giant pandas from captive to field habitat.


Electronic information transfer is not new. It is not a new idea that computers and networking are transforming libraries and that it is possible to build a complete electronic library. Many of the concepts were published almost half a century ago in the famous paper by Vannevar Bush in 1945. The first attempt at large scale implementation was performed at M F . In 1965 a planning conference was held which resulted in the INTREX project (information transfer experiments), directed by Professor Overhage, professor of engineering at MIT. This project was ahead of its time because the aspirations were beyond the capabilities of the existing computers and available computer power, but the ideas behind it, are still valid, despite being formulated more than a quarter of a century ago. The three main streams of progress in the field of information transfer were defined by Overhage (1966) as follows:


In the wake of climate change and its impact on increasing the number and intensity of floods, adaptability of cities to and resistance against the flood hazard is critical to retain functionality ...


Summary It is a great honour to be asked to deliver this, the 15th Carl de Gruchy Memorial Lecture. Carl, whose outstanding career was cut short by his death in 1974 at the age of only 52, was a friend and mentor to many in Australia and New Zealand. He graduated with honours from the University of Melbourne Medical School in 1944. After residency training at St Vincent's Hospital he went to England in 1949 where he worked with Professor (later Sir John) Dacie, whose interest in the hemolytic anemias was to have a profound effect on Carl's own research work. He spent 6 months in the United States in 1951 on a Rockefeller Fellowship, and returned to Melbourne to set up a Clinical Research Unit at St Vincent's Hospital in 1952. He was appointed First Assistant in the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital in 1958, and in 1962 he succeeded the late Professor John Hayden to the Chair of Medicine.


In this paper, we describe a method to derive a Weierstrass-type representation formula for simply connected immersed maximal surfaces in E(1,1). We consider the left invariant metric and use some results of Levi-Civita connection. Furthermore, we show that any harmonic map of a simply connected coordinate region D into E(1,1) can be represented a form.


I cannot describe adequately the strength of my first impression of Halley Bay. The RRS Bransfield had sailed for three days down the eastern lead in the pack ice of the Weddell Sea and at 05.30 hours in overcast, 24-hour daylight we saw a Union Jack hanging solitary on a headland. Beyond, at the end of a quarter-mile long creek in the ice shelf, a group of tiny figures and vehicles stood waiting. Behind them, some two miles inland,


The paper presents a control system solution based on synchronized phasor measurements for the urban area transmission system. Specificity of the analyzed system is a highly meshed overhead and cable sections network, with two city power plants, providing the city's district heating and electricity supply. The mathematical model for static and dynamic analyses of various scenarios was build and verified using measurements from originally developed and deployed portable hand-held phasor measurement units. The control system architecture and functionalities as well as developed control actions algorithms are given, focusing on island operation of the issued transmission system, as the city power plants are capable to supply the critical consumers.


. In this article, we investigate how explanatory AI can better harness the full potential of the vast and rich library of books at our dis-posal. Based on a recent theory of explanations from Ordinary Language Philosophy that frames the process of explaining as illocutionary process of answering to questions, we have developed a new kind of interactive and adaptive e-book. Using the most recent question answering technology, our e-book automatically generates a specialized knowledge graph from a collection of books and other resources and extracts questions and answers. With this knowledge graph, the e-book generates interactive and adaptive explanations that guide readers through the materials in a pedagogically productive manner.


We consider interhemispheric properties of fine structure of substorm – quasi-periodic geomagnetic fluctuations, Pi3 pulsations, using data from conjugate magnetometers in Antarctica and Greenland. Pi3 pulsations are found to accompany both the substorm expansion/recovery phases and the steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events. The epicenter of Pi3 power is at the same latitude as maximal amplitude of magnetic bays. The interhemispheric properties of Pi3 pulsations are not consistent: in some events, coherent in-phase magnetic oscillations are observed in both hemispheres, in others, periodic variations are observed in one hemisphere only. When Pi3 pulsations are observed in both conjugate sites, their H-components are in-phase, which corresponds to the fundamental mode of field line oscillations between high-conductive ionospheres. Conjugate observations have provided an additional information on an elusive mechanism of Pi3 pulsations.


ABSTRACT This paper analyses the rules for free allocation in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The analysis draws on the empirical evidence emerging from two literature strands. One group of studies sheds light on the following questions: how efficient are free allocation rules in minimizing the risk of carbon leakage? Have they become more efficient over the trading periods? What are the technical limits to making them more efficient? Further: is firm behaviour affected by allowance allocation? Did specific provisions induce strategic behaviour with unintended effects? Studies from the second group estimate sectoral pass-through rates for the costs imposed by the EU ETS. Taking cost pass-through into account is necessary for properly targeting free allocation. The difficulty of accurately quantifying sectoral differences in cost pass-through ability, especially in manufacturing sectors (due to limited data availability and market heterogeneity), is the main hindrance to achieving further efficiency in allowance allocation. The new rules defined in the reform for Phase IV (2021–2030) nevertheless make some progress in this direction. Key policy insights The difficulty of accurately quantifying sectoral differences in cost pass-through ability is the main hindrance to efficient free allocation in minimizing carbon leakage risk. In Phase IV (2021–2030), carbon leakage risk will be assessed more accurately thanks to: a) carbon intensity and trade intensity considered together through a combined indicator; b) possible use of more disaggregated data, and c) possible consideration of complementary qualitative assessments of abatement potential, market characteristics and profit margins. It is expected that benchmarked allocation introduced in Phase III (2013–2020) has induced additional emission abatement, but there is still a lack of empirical evidence.


This report examines how small business owners may be affected by tax increases by exploring what is known about the share of small business owners and of small business income that is subject to the top two marginal income tax rates.


The electrical properties of ferrocene‐alkanethiolate self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a high yield solid‐state device structure are investigated. The devices are fabricated using a conductive polymer interlayer between the top electrode and the SAM on both silicon‐based rigid substrates and plastic‐based flexible substrates. Asymmetric electrical transport characteristics that originate from the ferrocene moieties are observed. In particular, a distinctive temperature dependence of the current (i.e., a decrease in current density as temperature increases) at a large reverse bias, which is associated with the redox reaction of ferrocene groups in the molecular junction, is found. It is further demonstrated that the molecular devices can function on flexible substrates under various mechanical stress configurations with consistent electrical characteristics. This study enhances the understanding of asymmetric molecules and may lead to the development of functional molecular electronic devices on both rigid and flexible substrates.


This volume is the outcome of a critical review of the most important and useful aspects of science and technology of cement. The contents present a combination of cement chemistry including mathematical modelling, manufacture showing geology of limestone and other raw materials, concrete and other blends, instrumental analysis showing thermoanalytical techniques, and x-rays. This publication should be of specific interest to students and researchers, material scientists, cement chemists and technical personnel, and engineers in cement and concrete industry and laboratories.


Some disadvantages during practical measurement and filling of hydrogen peroxide were introduced,specific implementation plans to solve the problems were discussed,transformation results were compared and analyzed.


When does the double cover of the three-sphere branched along an alternating link bound a rational homology ball? Heegaard Floer homology generates a necessary condition for it to bound: the link's chessboard lattice must be cubiquitous, implying that its normalized determinant is less than or equal to one. We conjecture that the converse holds and prove it when the normalized determinant equals one. The proof involves flows on planar graphs and the Haj\'os-Minkowski theorem that a lattice tiling of Euclidean space by cubes contains a pair of cubes which touch along an entire facet. We extend our main results to the study of ribbon cobordism and ribbon concordance.


The paper deals with evaluation of the medical status of applicants for driving license and licensed drivers at a secondary commission level in Croatia with reference to those applicants who expressed their dissatisfaction with respective medical status qualification in a regular commission procedure during 1983. The sample cases included 163 applicants for driving licence and licensed drivers who exercised their right to appeal to a higher commission for reevaluation of their medical status. Cases were examined by place where the first evaluation by a regular medical commission had been completed, age, sex, non-professional or professional driver status, causes of disability or reduced ability, and reasons for evaluation made at a regular level in accordance with the procedure on medical requirements to be fulfilled by drivers of motor vehicles. Further, certain suggestions and opinions were expressed regarding the necessity of future work on the improvement of the procedure for evaluating the medical ability of drivers at a regular and secondary levels. For the covering abstract of the whole conference see IRRD 280469. (TRRL)


Because the mortality for ischemic heart disease has improved, an increasing number of patients exhaust their revascularization options and are left with refractory angina.1–3 Previous studies suggested that up to 15% of patients undergoing catheterization are suboptimal candidates for further revascularization.4 This number may be growing because a recent analysis from the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Disease found that 25% of patients had Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class II-IV angina and coronary disease not amenable to further revascularization.5 Contemporary data suggest that mortality in these complex patients is decreasing, despite the significant burden of coronary artery disease, whereas rehospitalization rates and resource utilization remain high, reflecting the poor quality of life and functional status in these patients.1,3,6

See Article by Mann et al

Limited treatment options are available for patients with refractory angina beyond pharmacological treatment and revascularization. This unmet clinical need has stimulated the investigation of novel treatment options, including advanced techniques to treat chronic total occlusions, neuromodulation, reduction of the coronary sinus, shockwave therapy, and stem cell therapy.1,3 Because the primary problem for these patients is inadequate myocardial perfusion, stem cell therapy using angiogenic progenitors represents a theoretically attractive approach. Initial trials for this specific indication have arguably been the most positive in the field of stem cell therapy. Three recent meta-analysis of patients with refractory angina with or without left ventricular dysfunction reach similar and consistent conclusions that this treatment may result in improvements in angina, quality of life, exercise capacity, left ventricular function, and even mortality.7–9 Still no definitive Phase 3 trial has been completed, and a large number of questions remain unanswered, including the ideal cell type and method of delivery.

In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , …


The role and quality of legal education in modern society are evaluated. Academic performance of Schools of Law at Baikal National University of Economics and Law is discussed.


11.21 MB Free download The Third Chapter: Passion, Risk, and Adventure in the 25 Years After 50 book PDF, FB2, EPUB and MOBI. Read online The Third Chapter: Passion, Risk, and Adventure in the 25 Years After 50 which classified as Other that has 272 pages that contain constructive material with lovely reading experience. Reading online The Third Chapter: Passion, Risk, and Adventure in the 25 Years After 50 book will be provide using wonderful book reader and it's might gives you some access to identifying the book content before you download the book.


The productivity and competitiveness of companies fundamentally depend on their ability to handle information. With the available technology, the opportunities to collect and utilise information ar ...


In a talk given at Columbia University in the fall of 1988, lona Opie recalled that she and her late husband Peter had embarked on their pioneering child lore researches more or less by chance. A moment's curiosity, which might have passed but didn't, had first served to focus their scholarly attention on nursery nonsense and other "childish things." For the next forty years, the Opies had, she suggested, played out the consequences of their chance introduction to a largely uncharted field of study. The fruits of lona and Peter Opie's passionate persistence are well known and comprise a sizeable shelfful of pathflnding works: The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes ( 1951 ), The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren ( 1959), Children 's Games in Street and Playground ( 1969) and The Oxford Book of Children's Verse (1973), among others. Since her husband's death in 1982, lona Opie has continued their work, seeing into print The Singing Game (1985) and Tail Feathers from Mother Goose (1988) and arranging for the transfer of the Opie Collection of children's books to the Bodleian Library, Oxford University. Her most recent publications are A Dictionary of Superstitions (co-edited with Moira Tatem, 1989) and The Treasures of Childhood: Books, Toys and Games from the Opie Collection (co-written with Robert Opie and Brian Alderson, 1990). lona Opie lives in a late Victorian farmhouse in West Liss, Hampshire. The following interview is based on a conversation recorded in New York on October 21, 1988, during the author's first visit to the United States.


The title compound, 3-chloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)benzenamine, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with the following unit-cell parameters: a = 5.5640(11), b = 14.832(3), c = 26.399(5)A, V = 2178.6(8)A3. The crystal struture of this compound was solved by direct methods and refined to a final R = 0.051 for 1185 reflections with I > 2σ(I). In the crystal packing, the molecules are linked via N-H…O and N-H…N hydrogen bonds.


Investment managers often manage a portfolio with respect to a benchmark. Typically, they use a mean‐variance optimization framework to maximize the information ratio of their portfolio. We develop an unconventional approach to this question. Given a set of assumptions, we ask what optimal percentage of the benchmark stocks the portfolio manager should select. This optimal portfolio depends on Fisher's and Wallenius's noncentral hypergeometric distributions. We find that the optimal selectivity of a benchmark universe varies from 50% to 80%. These results are provocative, given that many enhanced index portfolio managers select a low percentage of the benchmark universe.


In the middle of May 1955, at the Savoy Ballroom on Lenox Avenue in Harlem, a philanthropic organization in the black community gave a reception in honor of the thirty or so lawyers who had worked on the case of Brown v. Board of Education, the 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared school segregation unlawful and thus began the end of the old Southern racist regime. I, by the grace of somebody or something, was there. Thurgood lined us all up in front of the orchestra to receive the applause of the whole crowd, Margaret Truman, Averell Harriman, everybody. I turned and looked, a little wistfully, at the trumpet-player in the orchestra, a young black; "I wonder," I thought, "whether I wouldn't rather have been honored in the Savoy Ballroom for trumpet-playing?" Then I heard Thurgood, moving down the line, ". . . Charlie Duncan. And next over there is Charlie Black, a white man from Texas, who's been with us all the way." All the way. Yes, I guess so, if you can say that about something with? out beginning or end. I looked at Barbara, out at our table; no knight reaching to take the garland of victory ever saw eyes more glowing than hers as they fixed mine. We had been married just over a year; the chil? dren were still waiting to be born. Then it was all over, Margaret Truman had to go, and Averell Harri? man, and we said goodbye to Charlie Duncan, and to Thurgood, and took a taxi back to our apartment at 300 West 109th Street, near Columbia, where I still taught, and where Barbara was just finishing Law School. We were quiet on the elevator, quiet into the vestibule, the living room. I went over to the record-player, and put on Louis's Savoy Blues, the 1927 Okeh. It was twenty-eight years old then; now it is fifty years old. I listened to it all through; Barbara stood silent behind me. When it was over, I stayed still a moment more, then I turned to her and said, "Well, baby, thank God, that's one thing I didn't go back on." What did I mean by that? I don't entirely know; one never entirely knows the ways of the power of art. I know a little of the framework, a little of the rational components. But when these are exhausted, art re? mains inexhaustible, unknowable. But I do know that playing that one


I he analysis of potential contaminants in biological tissues is an important part of many water-quality assessment programs, including the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Tissue analyses often are used to provide information about (1) direct threats to human health and ecosystem integrity, and (2) the occurrence and distribution of potential contaminants in the environment. The use of tissue analyses in the NAWQA Program concentrates on the second objective of providing information about the occurrence and distribution of potential contaminants in the Nation's surface-water resources. In their guidelines for NAWQA tissue sampling, Crawford and Luoma (1993) recognize four important attributes of tissue analysis. First, tissue analysis can increase the likelihood of detecting small amounts of contaminants because contaminant concentrations can be higher in tissues


Pumpkin fruit is used in a diet since ancient times especially in rural
 communities. The major contributory factors of nutritional and medicinal
 value of pumpkins are carotenoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, and
 phenolic compounds. Due to a very large fruit that it is not easy to consume
 a whole as well as short shelf-life of fresh-cut pumpkin, different ways of
 conserving and processing are performed. In our study, total carotenoids,
 total phenolics and individual phenolics in fresh pumpkin and pumpkin
 traditional products such as sweet in wine, jam and juice, which are typical
 for northern parts of Serbia, were studied. Total carotenoids ranged from
 27.6 μg/g of pumpkin sweet in wine to 86.3 μg/g of fresh fruit, while the
 amount of total phenolics varied between 93.0 μg GAE/g of pumpkin juice and
 905.9 μg GAE/g of fresh fruit. Eight phenolic compounds were identified in
 the investigated samples and among them phenolic acids dominated. Among
 flavonoids, flavanon glycoside hesperidin was detected. [Projekat
 Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 46013]


The interesting results obtained in the first part of this work, led the authors to further study the fluid dynamic behavior of rotating blades. This was done in order to improve the physical comprehension of the rotational augmentation and to provide new ideas and explanations on its onset and development. Three operative conditions were analyzed indepth: an attached flow condition, at low AoAs; a maximum augmentation condition at medium AoAs; and a fully separated condition at high AoAs. A comparison between 2D airfoil and 3D results was made as well. Post-processing images of streamlines, pressure contours, pressure coefficient trends and helicity contours were thus obtained, demonstrating the presence of a coherent helical structure in the inner blade at medium AoAs. The development of such a structure explained the strong flow acceleration and thus the depressurization of the suction side of the blade. Therefore the helical vortex was found to be mainly responsible for the lift and drag augmentation. Moreover, from an accurate analysis of the forces acting on a fluid element, it was shown that the radial component of the Coriolis forces was the main factor, responsible for the helical structure onset. This Coriolis component acted in an imbalance with the centrifugal force and the spanwise pressure gradient inside the entire separated layer, triggering the 3D flow tangle. The streamwise component of the Coriolis force, instead, was finally found to be of minor importance. Further confirmations derived from the 3D CFD simulations of the rotor fixed wing.


One kind of slow release fertilizer used blast furnace slag as the main coated material was researched. First,the content of heavy metal concent and solubility in citric acid of plant nutrient elements in blast furnace slag is analyzed so as to reserach the feasibility of its application in agriculture.Then used the fluidized coating mechanism to produce the blast furnace slag coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer,analyzed the water solubility and the microstructure of slow release nitrogen fertilizer.The results show that the nitrogen content of blast furnace slag coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer(mass fraction)was 41%,the initial water dissolution rate of slow release nitrogen fertilizer was 3.69%,the 7day cumulative water dissolution rate was 7.02%,the 35day cumulative water dissolution rate was 35.33%,the differential water dissolution rate was 0.93%,has good delay release function of nitrogen fertilizer.Therefore,the blast furnace slag coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer obtained by experiment is a slow release fertilizer containing variety of plant nutrients.


Based on recently collected material from Tunisia, redescription of Milax gasulli Altena, 1974 is provided in order to differentiate it from other species of the genus. Distinctive features are essentially the shape of stimulator and the spermatophore.


The DOE-HOE made by Dot-matrix technology, have found the application in various areas, such as protection of the various goods and securities, packing etc. These holograms contain set of pixels with various spatial frequency and orientation diffraction gratings. Process of manufacturing represents consecutive pixels exposure. The pixels quantity is great (about 105-106), that's why there is a problem of considerable time to master-shim manufacturing. Spatial frequency and orientation of gratings changes because of mechanical moving of elements. For acceleration of recording process it is necessary to replace slow mechanical devices with high-speed ones. One of variants of this problem solution, using spatial light modulator, is given in proposed article. This paper contains the techniques and results of optical components parameters calculations.


It is of great importance for investors to analyze the environment of commercial real estate investment. In this paper, we select four primary elements to establish the commercial real estate investment evaluation model. In the process of weight determination, entropy-weight method is applied to calculate weights of the four primary elements in the investment model, which avoids the respective unilateralism of subjective weight method and objective weight method in valuing weight matrix. In addition, by using TOPSIS method, we can measure the relative closeness index of each element and put the results in descending order. Therefore, the optimal one can be chosen form the alternatives. The result of the application of a case study presents that the proposed method is effective and is a scientific evaluation technique in environment assessment of the commercial real estate investment.


The Bureau of Mines conducted studies on four makes of Japanese automobiles, three 1981 and one 1982 model years, received from three manufacturers to determine if their materials composition would present problems to the current technology used to process junk automobiles for metal recovery. One of each make of automobile was hand-dismantled to determine the materials composition. In addition, two nearly identical automobiles of each make were shredded at a commercial operation where all metal products and rejects were collected for analysis to determine metal and nonmetal distribution. The average weight of the four automobiles to be dismantled, less batteries, tools, and fluids, was 1,938.3 lb. There were no materials used in the manufacture of the late model Japanese automobiles that should present handling or processing problems to the steelmaking or secondary metal recyclers.


This study aims to determine the effect of organizational commitment, work motivation and work compensation on job satisfaction of employees of the Integrated Islamic Boarding School Darul Qur'an Mulia Bogor. This research is a quantitative analysis study using simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The type of data used in this study is primary data. The type of primary data in this study is in the form of a questionnaire given to 100 respondents. The data obtained is then processed using the help of the SPSS For Windows 24 Program. The analysis shows organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Compensation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Simultaneously, organizational commitment, motivation and compensation simultaneously influence job satisfaction.


Oefafi village located in East Kupang district, there are two groups of animals: Tun Feu consisting of 5 people and Aim HIF Nao consisted of 6 people. Each member has a tail with 3-5 cattle pasture ± 5 hectares. Endemic disease that infects cattle: Septicemia epizootika and Thelaziasis. Supporting factors: the limited knowledge of farmers on the management of animal health, such as vaccination, sanitation cage. Rotational grazing, cattle feces processing into organic fertilizer and the eradication of the flies as mechanical vectors Thelaziasis not been implemented. Target outcomes: skilled workers formed 50% of the total number of members, in the areas of: vaccination, manufacture neem extract, betel leaf decoction manufacture, processing feces. The presence of a pilot cage every group. Specific target, the target group is expected to be an example for cattle farmers in the province of NTT. Based on observations and information, since the vaccination SE until December 2015 is clinically undiscovered Septicemia epizootika and generated 7 vaccinators. Fly population can be controlled as has been done cage sanitation, rotation grazing, available ± 11 liter extract of neem production (exterminating flies) and the resulting 5 person skilled workers. Thelaziasis incidence decreases gradually because there is a skilled labor 9 in control using betel leaf decoction. There Demplot cage, fertilizer bokasi each group of skilled labor and 4 of the planned target 5 people.          Keywords : Vaccination , Herbs, Bali Cattle


The non‐destructive characterization of multiple embedded void inclusions forms an important part of the assessment of the integrity and quality of materials. In this report, we present an ultrasonic sensing method for detecting void inclusions. The idea is based upon the arrival probability of ultrasonic rays. When incident rays impinge on voids, they are diffracted around the voids to increase propagation time. We analyzed this phenomenon from a probabilistic view point, and found that the probability with which ultrasonic rays will impinge on pores plays an important role in determining both sound velocity and waveform of arrival rays. On the basis of this theory, we derived the relational equations between void distributions (volume fraction and mean size) and ultrasonic characteristics (velocity and pulse width). Although this theory is very simple, it gives a reasonable explanation of the changes in both velocity and waveform. In order to examine the theory for its validity, we carried out ultrasoni...


abstracteparation of polyelectrolyte self-assembled multilayer was presented. Induced crystallization of HA from the Simulated Bone Fluid utilizing the membrane was studied. The influence of pH on the shape and size of the crystals are investigated. Growth of the multilayers was detected with Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrophotometer and SEM photoes display the difference between the crystals on the ordinary glass surface and the glass coated with the organic thin film.


Losses, associated with the massive spread of parasitic diseases, influence greatly the possible progressive growth in the num-ber of hunting species of wild an-imals. The article provides an assessment of the epizo-otic situation of parasitoses of wild cloven-hoofed animals ( species Deers ) of the horn-beam-oak-dark forests sub-zone of Belarus. The comparative efficacy of anthelmintics of a wide spectrum of ac-tion, possessing im-munomodulatory activity, is given. Ecological and parasitological studies of wild cloven-hoofed animals were car-ried out (2015-2018) in hunting farms of 9 terri-torial districts of the central forest-growing subzone, where the highest density of ani-mals was recorded by the route method, as well as at stations - GLHU "Berezinsky for-estry", GLHU "Ivatsevichy forestry ", Roga-chevskaya, Uzdenskaya and Minskaya ROS RGOO" BOOR " In total, samples of organs and tissues from 55 shot animals were studied, us-ing methods of excrement samples, generally accepted in parasitology. During the statisti-cal processing of the collected material in order to assess the infestation of an-imals by parasites, the following indicators were used: the extent of invasion (EI) and the intensity of invasion (II). Experiments have shown that the class of nematodes is the most species-rich in the helminthoses of wild artiodactyl animals. Widespread helminthiases in elk and red deer are - mecystocirrhosis and strongyloi-dosis, and in European roe deer - tri-chostrongyloidosis. The focus of helminthic infestation in elk should be considered pine young stands, complex spruce forests, renewable felling, for red deer - a complex pine for-est, a com-plex spruce forest, and for European roe - broad-leaved plantations, black alder forests and agricultural fields. For deworming of wild animals high antiparasitic efficiency was shown by new complex remedies - "Polyparatsid" and "Tetrahelminthicide", which have an im-munostimulating effect.


Virku (Virtual Fitness Centre) is a study, in which an exercise cycle is used for navigating in a virtual environment. The cycle acts as a haptic bodily user interface between the user and the simulation. The simulation takes the terrain of the virtual environment into account in order to provide better feedback of the environment for the user. We have found out in usability tests that this kind of interface enhances the user's feeling of immersion in the virtual environment.


We present an operational procedure to transform global symmetries into local symmetries at the level of individual quantum states, as opposed to typical gauging prescriptions for Hamiltonians or Lagrangians. We then construct a compatible gauging map for operators, which preserves locality and reproduces the minimal coupling scheme for simple operators. By combining this construction with the formalism of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS), we can show that an injective PEPS for the matter fields is gauged into a G-injective PEPS for the combined gauge-matter system, which potentially has topological order. We derive the corresponding parent Hamiltonian, which is a frustration-free gauge-theory Hamiltonian closely related to the Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian at zero coupling constant. We can then introduce gauge dynamics at finite values of the coupling constant by applying a local filtering operation. This scheme results in a low-parameter family of gauge-invariant states of which we can accurately probe the phase diagram, as we illustrate by studying a Z(2) gauge theory with Higgs matter.


Academic Engagement (AE) refers to the physical and psychological resources devoted to academic experience. It is a predictor of learning and personal development, and has three components: behavioral, cognitive and affective. A scale was developed to measure the behavioral dimension of AE. The scale was administered to 906 students in Caracas, after a pilot study, and analyses of reliability, item performance, factorial structure and criterion validity were performed. A factor, defined as Personality Resistant (PR) at an academic level factor, was identified as a reflection of the commitment, control and assertiveness of the student. It is concluded that the scale factor AE and PR are reliable, valid and relevant for predicting academic performance.


The treatment compliance of cardiovascular and metabolic patients is one of the topical issues of modern medicine. Nowadays thereare not many effective interventions, which could increase adherence of patients to administered treatment. Aim. To determine the effectiveness of the program for correcting the eating behavior and physical activity of participants against thebackground of long-term informational support by the doctor, based on the analysis of the clinical and laboratory data dynamics, dailyreports of participants on the performed physical, control stress lactate tests and on the quality of life assessment. Material and methods. An open-label prospective study involved volunteers with a high body mass index (BMI), irrational diets,chronic self-imposed sleep deprivation and hypodynamia. Relevant blood chemistry values and microbiota were measured at thebeginning and at the end of the study; fasting glycemia, eating behavior and physical exercises were monitored on a daily basis. For 6months, the information support and comprehensive rehabilitation aimed at the lifestyle modification were provided. Results. At the end of the program, a reliable positive dynamics of body weight was recorded in 18 volunteers from 20% or more, ineight people – a decrease in body weight amounted to 20% of the laboratory indicators. When comparing studied laboratory indicatorsof 0-6 months, a statistically significant reduction in such indicators was obtained as a serum glucose concentration (median 5.8 VS4.4 mmol / l, p <0.01), homocysteine (median 8,9 VS 7, 7 μmol / l, p <0,01), atherogenic index (median 2.5 VS 2.4, p <0.05), with increasein vitamin D3 concentration (median 21,5 VS 54.9 ng / ml, p <0.01) in patients, compared to the indicators before complex rehabilitation.A statistically significant (p <0.01) improvement in well-being was recorded on all scales of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire,which remained in dynamics a year after the program is completed. Conclusion. Permanent training, discrete screening and episodic treatment, implemented in programs of information support forlifestyle modification, can be considered as an effective method of involving an individual in the process of personalized health preservationand improvement and, ultimately, the population as a whole.


PURPOSE
This analysis aims to examine the role of pre-release, HIV-related, peer-based rehabilitation program attendance on post-release linkage to community-based HIV care in South Africa.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
During a post-release linkage-to-care prospective study, participants from six correctional facilities who had an HIV-positive diagnosis and were taking anti-retroviral medications at release (N = 351) self-reported rehabilitation program participation. Linkage-to-care status 90 days post-release was verified by medical chart review.

FINDINGS
In a binomial regression model, HIV-related, peer-based rehabilitation program attendance was insignificant (relative risk [RR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.8, 1.4], p-value = 0.7), but short-/long-term incarceration site (RR 1.5, 95% CI [1.0, 2.1], p-value = 0.04) and relationship status pre-incarceration (RR 1.9, 95% CI [1.0, 3.6], p-value = 0.05) were significantly associated with linkage to HIV care post-release.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE
Rehabilitation and peer-based HIV programs have had demonstrated benefit in other settings. Assessment of current programs may identify opportunities for improvement.


Abstract In the last two decades, scholars in discourse studies and sociolinguistics have shown considerable interest in how identity is encoded in discourses across various facets of life such as academia, home, politics and workplace. By adopting an ethnographic-style approach, this study shows how students in a Ghanaian university construct their gendered identities through a key verbal behaviour, address form. A three-pronged framework comprising social constructionism, communities of practice and post-structuralism underpins the present study. Two key findings emerge from the analysis of data. First, three major categories of address forms, namely personal names, descriptive phrases and titles constitute the key lexicon of address terms used by Ghanaian students in their interactions. Second, students constantly use these three modes of address to express, negotiate or resist their gendered identities. These findings have implications for research on identity, language and gender as well as intercultural communication.


The fifth generation mobile networks must deal with the explosive growth of traffic load and connected devices, and also reliably reduce latency. Particularly, seamless mobility is essential for achieving low handover latency. In this letter, a generalized random access channel (RACH)-less handover scheme is proposed for achieving seamless mobility without requiring a synchronized network. The proposed scheme can be efficiently applied to more general cell deployment situations while avoiding the latency due to the RACH procedure. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme substantially reduces the handover latency compared with the handover schemes in the 3GPP standards.


Interindividual variability in paclitaxel and docetaxel pharmacokinetics, toxicity and response is extensive, and largely unexplained. We hypothesized that this is due to affinity of taxanes for an uptake transporter that indirectly regulates elimination pathways. Here, we studied accumulation of [3H]docetaxel and [3H]paclitaxel in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with cRNA of the liver-specific organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family members OATP1B1 (OATP2) or OATP1B3 (OATP8). Taxane transport by OATP1B1 expressing oocytes was not significantly different from that by water-injected controls, whereas uptake by OATP1B3 was 2.2-fold higher for docetaxel (P=0.0007) and 3.3-fold higher for paclitaxel (P


The energy system of artificial lift is analyzed and defined from the view of energy supply and energy loss. In energy supply, not only the energy input of electric machine but also the formation input energy is studied in this paper. Especially, the gas expansion power which is used for liquid artificial lift is also considered. When we calculated the gas expansion power, the value of artificial lift efficiency will be less than the value calculation according to the standard SY/T6126-1995. Generally, when the surface efficiency is lower than dowmhole efficiency, the underground value is bigger than the surface in whole proportion of energy loss. The loss power on flowing resistance and sucker pump accounts for the most proportion in the energy loss of underground. It is helpful to improve the artificial lift efficiency and to deepen the research if we study the efficiency from the energy supply and energy loss.


The behavior of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium on Ni(111) has been investigated using angular‐resolved photoemission, LEED, programmed thermal desorption, and work function measurements. The synthesis of these measurements suggest bonding in a site of C3v symmetry and the existance of three nondegenerate orbitals participating in the nickel–chalcogen bond. Changes which occur in orbital energy levels as the adsorbate is varied from oxygen to tellurium are explained in terms of a tight‐binding calculation of chalcogen bonding to a triangular cluster of nickel atoms in a pyramidal configuration.


The holy city of Ratanpur is situated in the Bilaspur district of the Central Indian state of Chhattisgarh. In the past few decades, the wetlands and water bodies of Ratanpur have been subjected to various anthropogenic pressures and undergone changes in land use land cover (LULC) patterns. The paper focuses on assessing the changes in land use and land cover in and around Ratanpur city from 1989 to 2015 using LANDSAT satellite imageries. The processing of satellite imageries and quantitative assessment of LULC data was done using ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software. From the current study, it is evident that the numbers and quality of ponds have decreased resulting in decreased numbers and frequency of avian fauna in the area. Earlier water bodies covered an area of 3.76% which has decreased to 2.06%. The reduction in areas covered under water bodies has increased in the dry watercourse area (3%) and river bed area (0.80%). As seen from 2015 data the built-up land areas have expanded by 2.22% as compared to 1989. A considerable decrease in open forest area (8.21%) and agricultural land (3.97%) has been witnessed, whereas the area occupied by scrubland (6.42%), wasteland (1.18%), and built-up land (1.99%) has increased. The Spatio-temporal LULC changes of the study area can be used to monitor, plan, and implement proper town and country planning to maintain the sustainable environment of Ratanpur city. The adverse impact of urban growth in the surface water bodies/ponds must be regulated by taking suitable conservation measures at the individual and community level for maintaining the biodiversity and aesthetic beauty of the area.


The Ziman-type resistivity theory developed in reference [1] for disordered crystalline alloys is extended to the systems in which the long range order exists, so that it can be applied to the crystalline pure metals and ordered and disordered substitutional alloys. On the basis of this theory, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the resistivity in these systems within the one-phonon approximation. It is emphasized that the superstructure peaks in the structure factors of alloys would give a significant contribution to their phonon-induced electrical resistivity. On account of its T 2 behavior and its being much larger than that due to electron-electron scattering, the electron-phonon resistivity contributed by superstructure peaks would play an important role in the temperature dependence of resistivity in alloys, which behaves as ρ≈ρ 0 +ρ a (T/Θ) 2 +ρ i (T/Θ) 5 in a relatively low temperature range. Therefore the anomaly in low temperature resistivity of some A-15 compounds can easily be explained with our model. As an example, the low temperature expression for resistivity of alloys is fitted to the V 3 Si data of Milewits, the theory is found to be in good agreement with experimental results.


The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the viability of replacing traditional metal structural and machinery mounts with padding made of composite material. The two types of padding or isolation materials are represented by steel and CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer). Machinery and instruments in ships are often mounted for two main reasons: they create unwanted vibrations and they need to be isolated from shock and external vibration. In order to analyze this problem, the machinery or instrument plus its padding are modeled as a massspring-damper system. The results show that CFRP generally works better for vibration isolation, while steel works better for shock isolation. Thesis Supervisor: Titles: James H. Williams, Jr., PhD Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Writing and Humanistic Studies School of Engineering Professor of Teaching Excellence, Emeritus


Abstract
Over the past decade, transportation researchers have leveraged global positioning system (GPS) technology to improve the accuracy and increase the depth of spatial and temporal details obtained through household travel surveys. While earlier studies used GPS as a supplement to traditional household travel survey methods, measuring the accuracy of trips reported (Wolf et al., 2006), studies are now underway to identify the methods and tools that will allow us to do away with paper diaries entirely and simply rely on GPS to obtain trip details. This paper finds that while GPS clearly helps to improve participation among some groups, it decreases participation among others. Thus, it should be considered a tool in the household travel survey toolbox and not "the" solution to non-response issues in household travel surveys.


2 SYNOPSIS. Dragonflies begin adult life as comparatively weak fliers, then mature to become one of nature's ultimate flying machines. This ontogenetic transition provides an opportunity to investigate the relationship between life history, phenotypic plastic- ity, and changing ecological demands on organismal performance. Here we present an overview of a wide-ranging study of dragonfly muscle maturation that reveals i) ecological changes in the need for efficient versus high-performance flight, ii) organ- ism-level changes in performance, thermal physiology, locomotor mechanics, and en- ergy efficiency, iii) tissue-level changes in muscle ultrastructure and sensitivity to ac- tivation by calcium, and iv) molecular-level changes in the Lsoform composition of a calcium regulatory protein in flight muscle (troponin-T). We discuss how these phe- nomena may be causally related, and thereby begin to show linkages across many levels of biological organization. In particular, we suggest that alternative splicing of troponin-T mRNA is an important component of the "gearing" of muscle contractile function for developmental changes in wingbeat frequency and ecological demands on flight performance. Age-variable gearing of muscle function allows energetically eco- nomical flight during early adult growth, whereas power output is maximized at ma- turity when aerial competition determines success during territoriality and mating.


Doug Van Houweling describes how the NSFNet went from connecting a few supercomputers to becoming "the Internet." The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/uY7dUJT7OsU is a video interview in which author Charles Severance speaks with Doug Van Houweling about how the NSFNet went from connecting a few supercomputers to becoming "the Internet." The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/hgmSyjQwhG4 is an audio recording of author Charles Severance reading his Computing Conversations column, in which he discusses his interview with Doug Van Houweling about how the NSFNet went from connecting a few supercomputers to becoming "the Internet."


Background:Epidermoid cyst is the most common cutaneous cyst, and it can occur on almost any skin surface. It often presents as a bulging, round, smooth-surfaced, and freely mobile mass with variable size.Less than 10% of epidermoid cysts occur on the extremities, and even fewer occur on the palms and soles.Aim and Objectives:Herein, we report a case with an epidermoid cyst of left palm. Sonographically, ruptured epidermoid cysts may mimic tenosynovitis. Articles about the clinical characteristics of epidermoid cysts and differential diagnosis with tenosynovitis are reviewed.Materials and Methods:A 17-year-old male patient had an accidental penetrating injury to his left palm from a compass 3 years ago, and it healed as a palpable and well-defined skin mass. He received incision and drainage about 4 months ago, but the mass still persisted with yellowish discharge. Ultrasonographic findings were in favor of tenosynovitis. We performed exploratory surgery, and the mass was excised completely.Results:The pathologic report confirmed the diagnosis of a ruptured epidermoid cyst. There was no recurrence after a one-year follow-up.Conclusion: Post-traumatic epidermoid cysts occur mainly on palms, fingers and soles. Sonographically, ruptured epidermoid cysts may mimic any other soft tissue mass or disease. A thorough history taking and physical examination are the most important factors for definite diagnosis. Complete excision is the curative treatment of choice.


Hitherto, acquisition of suitable site is the developer's foremost focal obligation to a project but access to it remains a central challenge. Its process can be frustrating and unpredictable since many factors, often outside the developer's control, can influence its success. Considering the importance of site acquisition in the corporate real estate development process and peculiarity of the developmental challenges posed by the land factor, this study exploits the data of the Lagos State real estate transactions and activities to ascertain and observe the distinctive acquisition problems and then evaluate the level of occurrence and impact of these identified issues and challenges on the corporate real estate development performance and rank in order of consequence. Adopting the self-administered questionnaire to sample the opinion of the selected Lagos-based corporate real estate development companies, 24 distinctive site acquisition problems are identified and further analysis reveals that lack of basic infrastructure to selected sites, high cost of acquisition, cumbersome government allocation and high cost of titling perfection are the top-ranked site acquisition problems. Nonetheless, this study suggests that the corporate real estate development establishments and the public sector should work hand in hand especially in the availability and access to suitable developable sites for real estate development and investment projects. Background of Study At its most simple, real estate development can be likened to any other industrial production process that involves the combination of various inputs in order to achieve an output or product. In the case of real estate development, the product is a change of land use and/or a new or altered building in a process that combines land, labour, materials and finance. Real estate development evokes many feelings depending on the particular perspective. It is an exciting and occasionally frustrating, increasingly complex activity involving the use of scarce resources. It is inherently risky, with high barriers to entry reflecting the cyclic and capital intensive nature of the sector, providing a product that is relatively indivisible and illiquid, and the typically slow payback period (Wilkinson and Reed, 2008). Besides, the real estate development process is habitually initiated when either a parcel of land or site is considered suitable for a different or more intensive use, or if demand for a particular use leads to a search for a suitable site. The initiative may come from any of the actors or stakeholders in the development process seeking an appropriate site in anticipation of the demand or need for any specific land use(s). Alternatively, the initiative may stem from stakeholders anticipating a potentially higher value use due to some circumstances. Land acquisition is often the real estate developer's first major commitment to a project. Site selection is vital to success as it affects the nature of a project. Yet, the site acquisition process can be infuriating and unpredictable since many factors, often outside the real estate developer's control, can influence its success. A real estate developer may have a well thought out and thoroughly researched land acquisition strategy, but achieving that strategy is dependent on numerous factors, with many beyond the control of the real estate developer this is where the real estate development process is unique and much depends on the opportunities available. (Thus) a real estate developer's ability to acquire land is dependent on the availability of land at any particular time; and the availability of land is dependent on the state of the market, planning policies and physical factors, and any particular case will also depend on the motives of the particular landowner (Wilkinson et al, 2008). Despite the complexity of the real estate development process, the problems (and challenges) vary from one nation to the other. Some countries have dealt with theirs in a pragmatic manner while other countries have backed off from looking at it objectively. In Nigeria, many factors have been identified as militating against effective participation of the corporate real estate developers in real estate development. Windapo (2007) quoting Okulaja (1990) and Okupe (2000) in their different studies


The term "pulmonary renal syndrome" describes a clinical syndrome which is characterised by the presence of both diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. It encompasses a group of diseases with distinctive clinical and radiological manifestations, as well as different pathophysiological processes. The most common diseases implicated are anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-positive small vessel vasculitis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease. Prompt recognition is required as respiratory failure and end-stage renal failure can rapidly occur. Treatment includes a combination of glucocorticoids, immunosuppression, plasmapheresis and supportive measures. The use of targeted treatments has significantly reduced mortality. Thus, an understanding of pulmonary renal syndrome is essential for the respiratory physician. Pulmonary renal syndrome is the combination of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH). Morbidity and mortality are high so prompt diagnosis and intervention are key for the respiratory physician. https://bit.ly/3UFAmR9


The scientific and human value of child laboratories (nursery schools) on university campuses depends on the use made of them as an academic teaching facility, a research facility and a school for young children. That such a laboratory can be used for so many purposes results not infrequently in its being of little value for any purpose. To reduce its all-purpose use, investigations requiring large and representative samplings of children could take a mobile campus research unit to children in community nursery schools. The need for longitudinal experimental study of the effectiveness of educational programs and processes for young children suggests a use for a university child laboratory which could have both human and scientific value.


In the tropical Atlantic Ocean there is a complex surface current system related to the inter-hemispheric heat and salt budget. This current system affects the sea surface temperature (SST) by carrying North and South Atlantic waters and by generating convergence and divergence regions. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) seasonal displacement associated with the trade winds modulates the currents and the SST. The SST in the tropical Atlantic is highly related to the climate in Brazil, where droughts and floods in the Nordeste region can be generated by SST anomalies of only 0.5°C (Nobre and Shukla, 1996). Seasonal rainfall forecast over the region is limited to the ability to predict the SST spatial distribution over the tropical Atlantic. Therefore, a better understanding about the mechanisms and processes that affect the SST anomalies is of greater relevance and have been subject of recent works (Foltz et al., 2003; Foltz et al., 2004; Foltz and McPhaden, 2004; Foltz and McPhaden, 2005). A good methodology to investigate the oceanatmosphere dynamics is the combination of direct velocity measurements and model outputs. In this work, we briefly describe the novel velocity data at the western PIRATA sites. Also, a comparison of these observations to hi-resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) outputs has been carried out as an evaluation of the model performance. Additionally, results from the CPTEC Coupled GCM are used for April 2001. Besides the qualitative analysis, root mean square error (rms) differences between the velocity maps are estimated.