Livestock production systems are responsible for producing ~18% of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Numerous alternatives, such as feed additives or supplements, have been proposed to meet these challenges. Marine algae have been proposed for gas reduction in ruminants; nevertheless, there are still very few experimental reports. Thus, the objective of the current study was to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in three marine algae—Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), Ulva (Ulva spp.), and Silk (Mazzaella spp.)—and to test their in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, gas profiles, and ability to mitigate biogas production. The evaluation of the VOCs in marine algae was performed using a flash gas chromatography electronic nose (FGC-E-Nose). The in vitro study was elaborated through in vitro incubation and gas production. The data obtained were analyzed using a completely randomized design. In total, forty-three volatile compounds were identified for Kelp algae, thirty-eight were identified for Ulva algae, and thirty-six were identified for Silk algae; the compounds were from different chemical families and included aromas, alcohols, aldehydes, phenolics, carboxylic acids, esters, and nutraceutical properties. Dry matter degradability was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the algae type. The cumulative ruminal gas production was different (p < 0.05) between treatments. Kelp algae presented a major (V; p < 0.05) volume of gas produced compared to the other algae. Lag time (l; p < 0.05) was increased by Kelp alga; however, there were no differences (p > 0.05) between the Silk and Ulva algae. The gas production rate was higher (s; p < 0.05) for Silk algae compared to the others. Ulva and Silk algae demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in carbon dioxide emissions. Nevertheless, Kelp algae reduced the proportional methane (CH4) production (p < 0.05) after 48 h of incubation, with the lowest emission rate of 47.73%. In conclusion, algae have numerous bio compounds that provide some properties for use in ruminant diets as additives to reduce methane and carbon dioxide emissions.


PURPOSE: To provide the wound care practitioner with an overview of practical approaches to prevent and treat common peristomal skin conditions. TARGET AUDIENCE: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. OBJECTIVES: After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to: Describe the common types of peristomal skin problems and their causes. Identify treatment options for common peristomal skin problems.


Activation of mitochondrial metabolism and proteostasis with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, despite recently started clinical trials, studies on NR in animal models of PD are scarce. In this study, we investigated the effect of NR in multiple models of PD. In transgenic C. elegans overexpressing α-synuclein, a protein of which aggregation is believed to promote PD, NR rescued PD-like phenotypes including mitochondrial dysfunction and motility defects, decreased oxidative stress, and age-related dopamine (DA) neuron loss. We found that NR eased symptoms of disease by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) via the transcription factor atfs-1. Similarly, in a proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, -induced mouse model of PD, NR rescued mitochondrial dysfunction and behavioural deficits caused by lactacystin lesion. However, long-term NR supplementation, in conjunction with proteasome inhibition, resulted in decreased DA levels in both the lesioned and unlesioned sides of the substantia nigra with concomitant downregulation of key genes in DA metabolism. Our results suggest specific endpoints that should be monitored in ongoing NR clinical trials.


The paper describes the scale of the UK Water Industry's use of the marine environment for the treatment of sewage, and briefly outlines the comprehensive research programme it has instigated to ensure that its outfalls are designed and operated in such a way as to adequately protect the environment. Brief details are provided of the engineering content of the overall UK research programme including work on hydraulic design, initial dilution, structural design and operation, maintenance and inspection. Development of hydraulic performance monitoring procedures and equipment are dealt with in detail and typical results from early fieldvork described.


Here,the author adopts the number of enrolled students in regular institutions,which apparently does nothing with the economy,to discuss the real relation with GDP.It uses some methods,such as:the unit root test,the cointegration test,the Granger causality test and VEC,to make the positive analysis between the two sides.The result indicate that they do not have the long stable co-integration,but they do have the one-way causal relationship.


Abstract : Problems involving the optimal control or ordinary of partial differential equations are infinite dimensional problems which are approximated by discretized problems for their numerical solution. Quasi Newton methods were applied to these finite dimensional problems and it was shown by analysis and numerical tests how the convergence rate could be predicted using information from the underlying infinite dimensional problem. For unconstrained optimal control problems with ordinary differential equations two approaches were studied: In one approach the control functions were used as unknowns whereas for the second route the control, state and costate functions were taken as unknowns. In the latter approach the quasi Newton update made extensive use of the special structure of the control problem and proved to be very effective. These algorithms were also studied for nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems and the optimal control of pseudoparabolic differential equations.


The aim of the study is to determine the functions that quoted and reported speech can perform in scientific discourse. The paper presents the results of analysing quoted and reported speech in written genres of scientific communication using the material of the Russian National Corpus. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the pragmatic functions of entering quoted and reported speech into a scientific text have been identified. As a result, it has been found that the main functions of quoted and reported speech in scientific discourse include the informative, argumentative, nominative and constructive functions. Among the described functions, the dominant position is occupied by the informative and the argumentative functions, which is due to the key tasks that a scientific work is designed to solve as a tool for communication and transmission of scientific knowledge. In addition to the main functions, the expressive one has been also highlighted, which may be characteristic of verbatim quotations that preserve the stylistic originality and distinctness of the original text. Similarities in the functioning of quoted and reported speech in scientific, popular science and news types of discourse, as well as significant differences between the functions of quoted and reported speech in scientific texts and in literary texts have been revealed.


The New Caledonia Ophiolite hosts one of the largest obducted mantle sections worldwide. The mantle section is mostly composed of harzburgite and dunite, however, minor serpentinized spinel and plagioclase lherzolites also occur in the northern part of the island. The major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition of the harzburgites can be reconciled with a complex history of multiple melting episodes followed by localized overprint by fluids and/or hydrous melts in a supra-subduction zone setting, while the lherzolites are similar to abyssal-type peridotites (Secchiari, 2016).


Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a subtype of aggressive lung cancer with a poor prognosis. It needs more eff ective treatments, particularly for recurrent disease. Unfortunately, only one drug (topotecan) has been approved in the second-line setting, with disappointing effi cacy; responses were seen in only 7% of patients, disease control in 51%, and time to progression was 16·3 weeks. 1 Recently, immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, and renal-cell carcinoma. Might the immune-checkpoint blockade have a similar eff ect on SCLC? In The Lancet Oncology, Scott Antonia and colleagues 2 report fi ndings from their phase 1/2 trial (CheckMate 032), in which dual blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 was used to treat relapsed SCLC. Nivolumab (a PD-1 inhibitor antibody) and ipilimumab (a CTLA-4 inhibitor antibody) were given in combination at diff erent doses (1 mg/kg of each drug, 3 mg/kg of nivolumab plus 1 mg/kg of ipilimumab, or 1 mg/kg nivolumab plus 3 mg/kg of ipilimumab), compared with nivolumab 3 mg/kg alone. An objective response was achieved in one (33%) of three patients receiving nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg, ten (10%) of 98 patients receiving nivolumab 3 mg/kg, 14 (23%) of 61 receiving nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg, and ten (19%) of 54 receiving nivolumab 3 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg. Adverse events were generally manageable. Compared with topotecan, these results are promising and hopeful. If the activity of this combination is confi rmed, immune-checkpoint inhibitors might be a standard treatment strategy instead of topotecan in recurrent SCLC. However, there are several issues that need to be underlined. The fi rst is whether monotherapy or a combination with two immune-checkpoint inhibitors is the best approach. Previous studies in second-line therapy for NSCLC with nivolumab


Abstract. A population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden, was carried out in 1968‐69. Altogether 1462 women participated (participation rate 90.1 per cent). Five age strata were studied: 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 (women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914 and 1908, respectively). The same women were re‐studied in 1974‐75. At this time 1302 women participated, corresponding to 89.1 per cent of those studied in 1968‐69 and 80.3 per cent of those initially sampled. The vast majority of the women had a natural menopause. The median age at the menopause was found to be about 50. The criteria for definition of menopause are discussed. No support was found for the theory of increased menopausal age with time. Estrogen therapy of postmeno‐pausal women was found to be much more common in 1974–75 than in 1968–69.


The biosynthesis pathway of natural rubber was reviewed, and Russian dandelion(Taraxacum koksaghyz) was proposed as a model plant for studies of rubber biosynthesis based on the comparison of the biological characteristics of Russian dandelion and rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis). We believe that it will greatly promote the research in the natural rubber biosynthesis and its regulation mechanism, and increase the research output for this area regarding Russian dandelion as a mode plant for the study of rubber production.


* A paper read in Atlantic City, September 11, 1957, at a joint meeting of the American Statistical Association and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. The chief source of biographical information was the 170 page memoir by Egon S. Pearson, Karl Pearson, An Appreciation of Some Aspects of His Life and Works, Cambridge University Press, 1938. Quotation has also been made from a paper by S. S. Wilks, "Karl Pearson: Founder of the Science of Statistics," The Scientific Monthly, 53 (1941), 249–53 and from a Centenary Lecture by J. B. S. Haldane delivered at University College, London, on May 13, 1957 entitled "Karl Pearson, 1857–1957," the text of which will be published in Biometrika in the near future.


We consider stationary matter-wave gap solitons realized in Bose–Einstein condensates loaded in one-dimensional (1D) optical lattices and investigate whether the effective 1D equation proposed in Muñoz Mateo and Delgado (2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 013617) can be a reliable alternative to the three-dimensional treatment of this kind of system in terms of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE). Our results demonstrate that, unlike the standard 1D GPE (which is not applicable in most realistic situations), the above effective model is able to correctly predict the distinctive trajectories characterizing the different gap soliton families as well as the corresponding axial wavefunctions along the entire band gaps. It can also predict the stability properties of the different gap soliton families as follows from both a linear stability analysis and a representative set of numerical computations. In particular, by numerically solving the corresponding Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations we show that the effective 1D model gives the correct spectrum of the complex eigenfrequencies responsible for the dynamical stability of the system, thus providing us with a useful tool for the physical description of stationary matter-wave gap solitons in 1D optical lattices.


Light water reactors in Japan are expected to restart sequentially after given permission in condition to meet the new regulatory requirements imposed on the regulatory follow-up actions against the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Since several safety related systems were added to the plants through the process of the new regulatory requirements, the numbers of components to be inspected, which is already a large amount, will increase even more after the restart in Japan. Effective measure will be required to command maintenance activities by reasonably assigning limited resource. The authors had planned a research project aiming optimization of maintenance considering influence of fluid leakage behavior, for example, diffusion area, flow rate, flow impingement pressure and all, with pipe failure, mainly targeting less-safety related piping and components. And the experimental equipment which has the ability to evaluate the fluid leakage behavior from crack, pinhole and break were constructed. In this paper, fundamental data about fluid diffusion properties of low energy water is mentioned.


Since the 1970s, schools have been characterized as loosely coupled systems, meaning that the teachers' work is weakly coordinated at the local level. Nonetheless, few studies have focused on the local variations of coordination modes, their sources and their nature. In this article, the process of local coordination of the teachers' work is analyzed, using a sociocognitive approach. A longitudinal study of the framing process conducted during two years in one school is presented, in order to capture the parallel evolution of the teachers' cognitive structures and the school's social structures. The results show that: (1) the framing process is at the heart of political games, meaning that the local definition of teaching and its conditions represent an important issue for the teachers; and that (2) the cognitive structures that emerge from the framing process appear to some extent to be decoupled from the teachers' actual practices, contributing only partially to the local process of the teachers' work coordination.


Adapter is conductively interconnecting the chuck and devices of the probe station. This adapter comprises a conductively coupled to the signal conductor to the chuck, the ground potential of the device, the bayonet connector outputs, selectively connectable signal conductors to the respective signal connectors. Conductor of the guard potential is conductively connected to the chuck, which is selectively connectable to one of the ground potential and the guard connections of the equipment. Shield conductor is connected to the ground potential. .FIELD 4


The main role of a funding agency is providing support to the area that the agency set their mission for. Funding  agency usually has certain amount of budget and  limited time to deliver the support. Therefore they need to select which entity (in this case elementary school) being prioritized to receive their support. To support the process we use survey method using GPS to collect information about school location as well as interview by surveyor using structured questionaire while visitting the school. The location data provide us information on how to deliver material to  the school (related to mode of transportation and how much time needed). Questionaire data help us to rank the school condition and decide which school need support more than others. Based on certain criteria we chose 78 out of 1,279 schools we surveyed to receive funding support.


Abstract Background Health care worker (HCW) hand hygiene is effective in reducing healthcare associated infections, yet hand hygiene rates are suboptimal. Psychological theories of behavior change can be used to improve and sustain hand hygiene adherence. While past research has examined HCW explicit attitudes towards hand hygiene (ie., self-reported attitudes), it is unclear if these explicit attitudes are consistent with implicit attitudes (ie., attitudes outside of one's awareness). Understanding HCW explicit and implicit attitudes is important when designing effective interventions to improve hand hygiene rates. This study examined explicit attitudes towards HCW hand hygiene and compared these to implicit attitudes. Methods HCWs (N = 420) from 70 long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada completed: (1) a survey tool based on psychological theories of behavior change to examine explicit attitudes towards hand hygiene, and (2) a computer administered implicit association test (IAT) and affect misattribution procedure (AMP) to evaluate implicit attitudes towards hand hygiene. Sociodemographics and self-reported hand hygiene adherence were measured. Factor analysis was performed to identify themes. Correlations were conducted between explicit and implicit measures. Results Factor analysis identified key explicit attitudes themes: (1) beliefs about consequences to self and others, (2) environmental resources, (3) time pressure and workload, and (4) social/professional role and identity. AMP and IAT results indicated that these procedures can be successfully applied to hand hygiene. While results suggested implicit positive attitudes towards hand hygiene, implicit test scores were neither correlated with explicit attitudes nor with self-reported hand hygiene adherence. Conclusion Explicit attitudes did not predict implicit attitudes. So, what we say is not always what we really think or do. Interventions have successfully targeted implicit attitudes to foster behavior change when targeting explicit attitudes alone did not work. This is yet to be explored in the hand hygiene arena, and is a key area for future research in order to guide the development of successful interventions to sustainably improve hand hygiene rates. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Background IBIS is a database developed by South East Coast Ambulance Service (SECAmb) to facilitate communication of individual patient care plans between SECAmb, the Respiratory Care Team (RCT) and secondary care. It aims to reduce the number of patients conveyed to hospital. Aims and objectives The investigation aimed to establish the impact of IBIS on respiratory patients' use of secondary care in our locality. Methods Respiratory patients uploaded into IBIS between May and November 2013 were included. Data were collected from the Patient Administration System including, number of A&E attendances and admissions in the three months preceding and three months after patient care plans were included in IBIS. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon Paired Test utilising SPSS version 22. Results 65 patients were included in the study. Table 1 demonstrates the impact of IBIS on A&E attendances and admissions. There was a significant reduction in admissions (p = 0.011). A reduction in A&E attendances was observed (p = 0.064). A sub-analysis of patients already utilising secondary care resources was undertaken. In this patient group a significant reduction in both A&E attendances (p = 0.000) and admissions (p = 0.000) was observed. Conclusions IBIS assists in reducing respiratory patients A&E attendances and admissions. The impact of IBIS is more profound in patients who have already utilised secondary health care resources. Abstract P31 Table 1 Median (range) p= n= A&E attendances3 months pre IBIS 1(0 to 12) 0.064 n= A&E attendances3 months post IBIS 0(0 to 6) n= Admissions3 months pre IBIS 0(0 to 12) 0.011 n= Admissions3 months post IBIS 0(0 to 2)


Graphene is widely used in electronic devices due to its outstanding electrical properties. Although numerous synthesis methods have been reported, to produce a cost-effective graphene device is still a challenge until laser scribed graphene was introduced. This new technique is still in the development stage to be utilized in various application. In this work, we synthesized laser scribed graphene by manipulating the intensity of laser beam to study differences in morphology, structure and impedance. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images show that laser scribed graphene are highly porous when fabricated at higher power. Raman spectrum suggested higher degree of graphitization was produced by increasing the laser power and the intensity ratio ID/IG remained at 0.99 indicating the crystallinity is constant. Furthermore, the I2D/IG which is less than 1 supporting that graphene produced are multilayered. In addition, the impedance study also supported that higher resistivity was obtained at lower power.


Aerostatic bearing has been used in many fields as an excellent guidance and carrying component for its properties of cleanness and near zero friction.Yet its low damping capacity in carrying direction leads to relatively slow depression of the vibration from outside and the natural micro vibration of the aerostatic bearing,which extremely affects the system′s stability and measurement accuracy.This paper presents a new structure of aerostatic bearing with addition of a top chamber,a bottom chamber and orifices in the middle.When the aerostatic bearing vibrating induces the compressed air to go through the orifices between top and bottom chamber in reciprocating way,energy of vibration can be depressed by throttling effect.Theoretical research and impulse response experiments were taken on the proposed aerostatic bearing.Both demonstrate and verify its good performance of vibration reduction as well as micro-vibration depression.Modal analysis with MEscope of the experimental data shows that damping capacity of the new structure is improved by nearly 10 times compared with that of the traditional structure of aerostatic bearing.Besides,experiments indicate that the new structure increases carrying capacity and stiffness of the aerostatic bearing to some extent.


A complete review of Brazilian scientific articles on orofacial myology (OM) published in the last 10 years was conducted to describe, categorize and quantitatively analyze studies in the field of OM. Data were col lected from all Brazilian journals on speech-language and hearing sciences published between 2005 and 2015. All articles were reviewed and categorized according to the year of publication, type of article and subject area. Furthermore, all studies conducted on humans that reported quantitative data were analyzed regarding age group, scope, main objective and type of study. The data were discussed from the standpoint of scientific methodology applied for the improvement of methods and for evidence-based scientific development. Moreover, aspects to be considered in future studies in this field are suggested.


The climate change that is currently occurring is due to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere as a result of human activity. The large number of factors and variables that directly or indirectly affect GHG emissions, as well as the multiple and complex relationships between them, makes it difficult to make decisions on the best measures to be adopted to slow down or mitigate climate change and to analyze the consequences that each decision entails. This has led to the development of complex simulation models called Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) or Energy-Economy-Environment Models (E3 models), with a particular focus on climate change. The development and use of these models to guide policy decisions on climate change has grown very significantly in recent years, as evidenced by the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This paper is a panoramic review of the main existing IAMs and analyzes their main characteristics. The paper focuses especially on the analysis of the limitations of the current IAMs, which should mark the future developments of these tools.


Two types of static loading tests using full scale concrete columns containing high volume coal sash were carried out in the laboratory. The first one was the monotonic compressive loading tests of unreinforced full scale concrete columns to clarify the mechanical properties of concrete containing coal ash. In these tests, considered parameter was a mix property for concrete containing coal ash. Three types of mix properties, normal concrete, concrete containing coal ash as a replacement of fine aggregate, and high fluidity concrete containing coal ash as a partial replacement of cement were prepared. The second one was the seismic loading tests of reinforced concrete columns which were designed as the flexuralshear failure type, subjected to lateral reversal loadings under the constant axial load, to clarify the seismic performance of those columns. In these test, considered parameter was specified design compressive strength of concrete while mix properties of concrete was common in all test specimens. From results of full scale columns, it is anticipated that there is strong possibility of using concrete containing high volume coal ash for reinforced concrete building structures.


In this paper a digital numerical simulation is carried out in which active magnetic bearings (AMB) are applied to control nonlinear and non-synchronous vibrations of a ri- gid rotor excited by non-conservative cross-coupling mecha- nisms. Through an adaptive control algorithm of the AMB- controller, unknown cross-coupling parameters of a rotor are estimated on-line by a standard least square estimator along with a time-varying so-called forgetting factor. The parame- ters of the AMB controller are adapted in order to com- pensate the cross-coupling effects and to stabilize the rotor system. Transient cross coupling response characteristics are calculated by numerical simulation of a rigid rotor supported by two active magnetic bearings. With this kind of control strategy the stability of the system can be guaranteed for much higher values of cross-coupling coefficients than with common non-adaptive feedback controllers, designed with pole placement or least square algorithms.


This paper presents the dynamic characteristic analysis of a small sized permanentmagnet (PM) type stepping motor with newly structured claw-poles. First, the motor parameter is derived by PM analyzing torque and back-EMF using the 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) taking account magnetization of PM. Next, the dynamic characteristic of a small sized motor is calculated by magnetic circuit equation coupled with 3-D FEA. Specially, we propose a test method of step response for a small sized PM type stepping motor using a position sensitive detection (PSD) sensor. From the simulation and test results, it is shown that the proposed dynamic characteristic analysis method has usability for a very small sized motors.


Aim: In order to study eye damage after brain impact injury, an eye damage model after brain impact injury was developed with BIM Ⅱ bioimpact machine striking the frontparietal zone in rabbits. Methods: Seventeen rabbits were killed at 4 different intervals after injury. The pathological characteristics of the optic nervous, retinal and chorioid damages were observed. Results: The results showed that all the rabbits had severe brain injury with subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain contusion. The eye damage occurred in all of the 17 rabbits. Gross hemorrhage in optic nerve sheaths was observed and retinal edema and bleeding were discovered ophthalmosecopically. Histopathologic study displayed subarachnoid hemorrhage in the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve, general choroid blood vessel dilatation and optic nerve fibre swelling within 6 hours after injury, and flat detachment of retina with subretinal proteinoid exudation and degeneration and disappearance of the outer segment of the optic cells over 6 hours after injury. Conclusion: The manifestation of the eye damage following brain impact injury is local circulation disturbance at early stage, and cellular degeneration and necrosis at late stage.


Feeding is a complex motivated behavior that is controlled not just by metabolic and homeostatic factors, but also by environmental factors such as emotion and the hedonic nature of the food itself. Yet, little is known about how brain regions involved in cognition and emotion might contribute to overeating, and therefore, obesity. We used a recently developed behavioral task in which learned contextual cues induce feeding even in sated mice to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms. Using viral tracing, molecular profiling and chemo/optogenetic techniques, we discovered that an insular cortex projection to the central amygdala is required for conditioned overconsumption but not homeostatic feeding. The projection neurons express nitric oxide synthase-1 and activation of this population suppresses satiety signals in the central amygdala. The data thus indicate that the insular cortex provides top down control of homeostatic circuits to promote overconsumption in response to learned cues. One Sentence Summary Nitric oxide synthase-1 neurons in the insular cortex promote overconsumption by projecting to the central amygdala to suppress a homeostatic satiety signal.


Qualitative research can produce vast amounts of data and uses analytical categories to describe and explain social phenomena; several software packages are designed for qualitative data analysis and enable a complex organization of data. The study tests the capacity of new technology to build a formal ontology from qualitative data, in urban planning.


Cancer is a major cause of death in developed countries and second in developing countries. Primarily, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 4% of all types of new cases of cancer diagnosed globally and hence making it the most frequently diagnosed globally. This research studied the effect of some natural products (Ayurvedic) commonly used in the management of hepatitis and HCC on serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration of animal with CCl4 induced hepatocellular carcinoma with the aid of providing and documenting information on some natural products which have been believed to be effective for the management of HCC using C-reactive protein as a marker. Albino rats of Wistar strain with weight range of 60-120g were used for this study. The animals were divided into seven (7) groups of five (5) rats each. Group 1 was the normal control and was not induced while animals in group 2 to 7 where all induced for HCC using CCl4. Group 2 served as positive control and where not treated while animals in group 3 to 7 received various form naturopathic treatment; Ganoderma lucidium, Astaxarthin, Liv52 HB and STC30 respectively. The treatment lasted for a period of three weeks (21 days). Twelve (12) hours after the last treatment, the animal where sacrifice under chloroform anesthesia and blood samples collected via cardiac puncture. The blood sample were allowed to clot by standing then centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10 minutes to separate the blood cells from serum. The serum was separated and used for C - reactive protein concentration estimation. Result of analysis showed the C-Reactive Protein concentration of all induced groups; groups 2 or positive control (584.20 ± 11.08), group 3 or Ganoderma treated group (491.40 ± 26.80), group 4 or Astaxarthin treated group (378.00 ± 37.25), group 5 or STC30 treated group (260.40 ± 5.75), group 6 or liv.52 HB treated group (491.00 ± 15.63) and group 7 or the mix treatment group (408.80 ± 8.54) where all significantly (P≤0.05) higher that of normal control or group 1 (23.44 ± 2.88) indicating an ongoing inflammation occasion by possible carcinoma. However, the CRP concentration in all treated groups was significantly (p≤0.05) reduced compared with the positive control which was not treated. From our results, STC30 appeared to be more potent in reducing the CRP concentration which is also a pointer to reversal of possible cause of inflammation which triggered elevated CRP. Other products used for treatment also showed varying capability is ameliorating CRP triggers which in this study was Hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusively, significant reduction in CRP levels following various treatment may indicate that the natural products are capable of reducing inflammation caused by the induced hepatocellular carcinoma.


The isolation of carbon atoms 2 and 3 of the α-pyridone nucleus of ricinine is described. Evidence is provided to support the suggestion that succinic acid or a closely related four-carbon dicarbox...


The drive vehicle (1) comprises a motorised drive vehicle (2), at least one trailer (7) coupled to the drive vehicle, and at least one stabiliser vehicle (4) coupled to the drive vehicle and trailer. The stabiliser vehicle has train wheels (5). Independent claims are also included for (a) a shunting arrangement for the vehicle, comprising a shunting track and one or more segments forming at least part of the track, the segment being movable relative to the track when carrying a load, (b) a trailer transportation method, in which at least one trailer and at least one stabiliser vehicle are coupled to a drive vehicle at a starting station, and the trailer is unhitched from the vehicle at an end station, and (c) a trailer transportation method, in which several trailers and at least one stabiliser vehicle with train wheels are coupled to a drive vehicle at a starting station, at least one trailer is unhitched at one or more intermediate stations, and the remaining trailers are unhitched at an end station.


Falls occur because of factors relating to the individual, the environment and the care and support available. As people age, the risk of falls increases. That risk is further increased when a person is unwell and when the person moves to a new environment. The environment where the older person is cared for can reduce or increase the risk of falls and injury. This article, the fifth in a series, explains how staff can minimise the risk of falls in hospitals, care homes and also the person's own home. This article aims to enable readers to understand the environmental risks in different care settings and how age-related changes can affect risk. It also aims to ensure that readers are aware of how environmental modifications can reduce risk.


Metaphysical ground is supposed to be a distinctive metaphysical kind of determination. It is or underwrites constitutive explanations. These explanations answer questions asking in virtue of what something is so. For example, suppose that an act is pious just in case it is loved by the gods. Following Socrates, one might still ask whether an act is pious because the gods love it or whether it is loved by the gods because it is pious. This may be interpreted as a question of ground. Then, one answer is that what the gods love grounds what is pious. And an alternative answer is that what is pious grounds what the gods love. Either way, Socrates's question concerns what something's being pious consists in, or what it holds in virtue of, or what grounds it. Once one has the notion of ground, one will likely find it involved in many of philosophy's big questions. In ethics, the question might be whether an action's maximizing goodness grounds its rightness. In epistemology, the question might be whether a process producing a belief grounds its justification. In language, the question might whether what a speaker means in uttering a sentence grounds its meaning. In law, the question might be whether social and institutional facts ground the legal facts. In metaphysics, the question might be whether physical facts ground all the rest. In mind, the question might be whether a representation's content grounds its phenomenal character. The list could go on. The extraordinary range and ambition of these questions of ground explains continued interest in them. But only recently have some philosophers viewed these questions as concerning ground as such. This growing self-consciousness is moving more philosophers to view ground as a topic worthy of study. Much of the recent literature on ground has focused on exploring its structure (Structure) and its connections to other notions (Connections). These explorations spring from the hope that clarifying ground will help clarify the big questions it helps express. Some of the literature on ground explores these applications to the big questions (Applications). But there are also skeptics who challenge ground's grand pretensions. Some of these skeptics doubt ground's usefulness for clarifying the big questions. Other skeptics doubt that ground is even intelligible. This has led to a vigorous debate over whether ground deserves the attention it receives (Skepticism and Anti-Skepticism).


Giant Foxtail Setaria faberi R.A.W. Herrm. is originally native to E Asia and was introduced to some parts of the European Continent. It has been recorded for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper presents a short morphological description and photographs of the new alien species for Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as distribution of the taxon.


A method and a device for introducing feature substances in a still wet but already sufficiently solidified paper web provides to direct a feature substance suspension as a laminar jet with low jet pressure to the surface of the paper web. By a special pressure control circuit it is achieved that the jet pressure is constant regardless of the number guided to the paper web parallel feature substance suspension beams always. This makes it possible to introduce a wide variety of line coding under the same process conditions in paper, without occurrence in the paper visible changes in the fiber structure.


Observations of policy interactions in developing an Alaska natural gas pipeline suggest that informants register historical details of energy market restructuring differently than how such details appear to scholars of the natural gas industry. In this article, I present this contrast by reference to the Articraft, a graphic created and disseminated by energy consultants. I employ the Articraft in order to illustrate how industry practitioners encounter a singular idea from a distinct historical period of market restructuring. I argue that the aura of the Articraft provides an example of the imitable character of ethnographic authority: its capacity, that is, for fragmenting the influence scholars assign to history.


We define and study a new type of quantum oracle, the quantum conditional oracle, which provides oracle access to the conditional probabilities associated with an underlying distribution. Amongst other properties, we (a) obtain speed-ups over the best known quantum algorithms for identity testing, equivalence testing and uniformity testing of probability distributions; (b) study the power of these oracles for testing properties of boolean functions, and obtain an algorithm for checking whether an $n$-input $m$-output boolean function is balanced or $\epsilon$-far from balanced; and (c) give a sub-linear algorithm, requiring $\tilde{O}(n^{3/4}/\epsilon)$ queries, for testing whether an $n$-dimensional quantum state is maximally mixed or not.


This study deals with the presence and use of anthropological concepts in seventh grade geography courses in Tennessee public schools. The goals of the thesis were to determine the nature of the anthro pological concepts incorporated into the textbooks of seventh grade geography courses in the state for the past twenty-five years, to assess active seventh grade geography teachers• attitudes toward and use of those anthropological concepts, and then to make suggestions on how to improve the use of anthropology in public schools in the state. The goals were achieved by two methods. First, the textbooks recon111ended for use by the state in seventh grade geography courses in Tennessee for a twenty-five year period between 1954 to 1979 were located and analyzed for fourteen basic anthropological concepts they might contain. Second, a questionnaire was developed and mailed to a sample group of active seventh grade geography teachers in the Knoxville city school system that pennitted an assessment of their feelings on the importance of anthropology to their students' educations, the type of preparation they employed in presenting anthropological concepts to their students, their knowledge of basic anthropological concepts, and their feelings on the best way to introduce anthropology into the public school curriculum. The textbooks did contain many of the basic anthropological concepts under study. Those concepts were presented accurately but on a very simplistic level. The same basic concepts appeared in the seventh grade textbooks repeatedly throughout the twenty-five year iv study period. However, the concepts did not develop in number or complexity from 1954 to 1979. Almost all of the teachers felt that anthropology was important to the education of public school students. The teachers were knowledgeable eno· ugh to recognize anthropo 1 ogy and to understand a few basic concepts but were not considered to be extremely competent in anthropology. Almost all of the teachers used their textbooks as their sole source of information for class preparation. Finally, the teachers felt that the best way to introduce anthropology into elementary and secondary schools was by either incorporating anthropological concepts into already existing social studies courses, V or by developing a separate course that dealt strictly with anthropology. It was recofT1Tlended that interested anthropologists could change the use of anthropological material in social studies courses by pushing local and state boards of education to adopt textbooks that are specific enough to address the subject of the course but broad enough to include any anthropological concepts that are applicable to the course subject. By improving the selection of textbooks, there would be an improvement in the teaching of anthropological concepts by teachers because it was shown that they rely heavily on their textbooks for classroom preparation. They would present to their classes what was found in the textbook. It was also concluded that these teachers were fairly competent in anthropology although not highly knowledgeable, and that they were· very interested in anthropology and in it being introduced to thei� students. It was felt that anthropologists should encourage teacher education in basic anthropological concepts that are


It was a tall, fenced-in cage-Is this the main entrance? For Visitors? [Push a button and state your business.] "Umm... volunteer for the University of Wyoming. Writing, Education, Class?" The cage rattled slightly as I heard a buzz; the gate unlocked and I stepped through. I spent weeks mulling over how to begin this piece that I knew I wanted to write as our writing class continued and I've decided the best way to communicate is to include notes from the (once-typed) 37 pages I compiled. Over speaking with and hearing the stories of fourteen women housed at the Wyoming Women's Center, I came to the conclusion that too many people, myself included, do not really understand what prison is like, and we all should. Those in America that have not been convicted of a crime may feel as though the "criminals" deserve to be in prison and the prison environment is fitting for the punishment. I used to be one of those people.I have always had a strange fascination with crime-mainly supported in my love of true crime shows on television. But, prior to being involved with this course, that's all I could say was the source of my interest and I know that television shows are made with a certain angle. I am a dual-major business student. Upon taking Business Law my second year, I decided the next step in my education was to pursue a law degree. I became involved with this University of Wyoming class and project simply by browsing the courses offered for the summer of 2016, and this course, taught as "Women, Crime & The Law," caught my eye, as I was in the middle of law school applications. When I couldn't instantly register, I emailed the professor to see how to get into the class. She responded and invited me to her office to speak with her. This was unusual; never before had a professor taken such measures before letting me into a class, which further increased my interest. It wasn't until we met that I learned that the course involved traveling to a prison and being a part of a writing course. I actually thought each of us would be writing a memoir, so I started writing one. I really wasn't sure what to expect and had no idea what the workload would be like or had any other expectations going into the class, other than (honestly) some fear of the unknown, hoping to enjoy the experience, and to learn from this unique opportunity.Previously I thought, "the law is the law is the law." I thought punishments should be harsher pretty much all around. I thought that crime was what divided society. I thought that time in prison wasn't enough for most crimes. And I thought rehabilitation didn't work. But, I wanted to see prison life firsthand; I did my best to open my mind and set those notions aside. Orange is the New Black was my only idea of what prison was like, and while it may be similar to Piper Kerman's production, I can tell you, the women's prison in Wyoming is far from Orange is the New Black. My 60 hours in the Wyoming Women's Center led to the 37 pages of class notes I mentioned earlier. Please keep in mind that many of the points are from personal opinions or experiences that may not apply to all prisons, all inmates, all processes-these were the bits of discussion that intrigued me, surprised me, or led me to a question. I would like to share with you what I learned from the 60 hours of nonstop discussion between the inmates and the women from the university.LEGAL* Some of the accused may meet his/her public defender on the way to the courtroom for his/her hearing.* An attorney can take a case pro-bono and only speak to the client twice: once for meet and greet, and once more a year later when telling the accused that they are going to trial. Said accused could have taken a plea for approximately 15 years rather than be sentenced to life.* An accessory to a crime can be tried, convicted, and sentenced prior to the person charged for the crime itself; both can be charged the "same". In reality, the accessory receives life without parole and the primary perpetrator receives life with parole, released in 2008. …


The utility model discloses a sticking film for glass screen protection, which comprises a substrate layer, wherein a printing coating used for printing ink is coated on surface of the substrate layer; the lower surface of the substrate layer is bonded and connected with a release film through an organosilicon pressure-sensitive adhesive; the release film comprises a polyester film with a PE film laminated on one surface, an antistatic coating is coated on the other surface of the PE film, and a release agent coating is coated on the other surface of the antistatic coating; the surface roughness of the antistatic coating and the release agent film is 2.92 um-3.28 um; and the height of lug bosses is 0.5-1 um. The sticking film provided by the utility model has excellent scratch resistance, can effectively prevent scratch and friction injury of the screen caused by fingers, pendants and other articles, and can be widely used for the LCD screen protection.


Abstract Bimetallic nickel or cobalt molybdenum disulfide (MMoS2, M=Ni or Co) nanospheres, with a diameter ranging between 450 nm and 1 μm, have been successfully synthesized using a mild solvothermal method. The obtained nanomaterials have been comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).


We should ask ourselves why family violence is a subject that is so popular today. Has family life finally emerged from behind its 'public' face and shown 'in all its glory' its real face; has violence in the 'warm circle' of the family escalated to such a point that its consequences cannot be hidden, or perhaps researchers of social problems have resolved to more actively show the public its growing danger on the health of the whole of society... By asking numerous questions on this subject the author comes to the conclusion that family violence is an insufficiently researched phenomenon whose cause and realistic consequences cannot be explained with certainty. Although it has existed in different times, societies and cultures, for a long time its real proportions were unknown. Today we know with certainty that family violence is very widespread, that it has very serious consequences and that its victims are mostly women and children. Will society and the individual stay indifferent to the violence 'behind closed doors'? .


On November ioth a telegram was received from the Harvard College Observatory announcing the following position of a new comet discovered by Professor Cerulli at Terramo, Italy, November 9.3131 Gr. M. T. ; right ascension, 3 38 35-9 ; declination, + 8° 43' 20". It is customary at the Students' Observatory to compute an orbit of every new comet as soon as three observations are available. The next two observations received of Cerulli's Comet were one by Eppes (U. S. Naval Observatory) on the nth, and one by Young (Lick Observatory) on the 13th. An attempt was made to pass a parabola through these three observations, but the computations showed that no satisfactory parabola could be passed through them. The solution was then carried forward without hypothesis regarding the eccentricity, and resulted in a short-period orbit. The failure to represent the observations by a parabola, and the similarity of the parabolic elements i, w, O, and q to the corresponding elements of Faye's Comet, led Professor Leuschner to suspect the identity of Cerulli's and Faye's comets and ; to announce the same by telegram with our elements. The parabolic elements are :—


The role of thermal energy in the laser‐induced unimolecular decomposition of a complex molecule, UO2 (hfacac)2⋅THF, has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. In the temperature range 70–150 °C, the laser‐induced decomposition yield was observed to vary exponentially with the initial temperature of the molecules at low yields, changing to a linear variation at high yields. The laser‐induced decomposition process has been represented by a model that simulates the pumping of an ensemble of molecules, initially spread over a broad Boltzmann distribution, through a series of dissociative levels. This model is able to reproduce the experimental observations assuming a ''loose'' transition state that leads to a value for the A factor in the range 1016–1018 sec−1.


Three novel linear polyesters(P1~P3) containing azobenzene unit are synthesized by condensation polymerization of diethyl 5-(4-alkoxy phenylazo) isophthalate and different glycols(1,3-propylene glycol,1,6-hexylene glycol,polyethylene glycol-400).The structure and properties of the polyesters(P1~P3) are confirmed by IR,UV-vis,1H NMR,SEC and TG-DTA.Polyesters(P1~P3) containing azobenzene unit dissolve in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and chloroform,et al.The intrinsic viscosities of polyesters(P1~P3) in chloroform are 0.514 6,0.463 9,0.565 7 dL/g,the Mw are 39 200,34 983,45 507 g/mol,5% weight loss temperature of polyesters(P1~P3) are 287,276,335 ℃.Polyesters(P1~P3) take place trans-cis photoisomerization under 365 nm UV irradiation.With the ultraviolet excitation at 350 nm,polyesters(P1~P3) emit purple fluorescence at 398 nm.


This paper begins with an introduction to the social and political attitudes associated with the process of recovery of historical memory, with the aim of presenting the objectives and some results of the "Names and Voices" research project which has been conducted in Galicia since 2005. The social inclination to forget the past, which was a characteristic of the transition to democracy, has slackened since the mid-1990s, although it is yet to be replaced by a new attitude. We trace the trend towards a new appraisal of an uncomfortable past in the literature and films of the last few decades, and seek to define the phases of recovery of the hidden memory of the vanquished between 1975 and the present. We examine the evolution of public policies regarding historical memory in Galicia and explain the current process of compilation of information in order to construct a history of the violence associated with the coup d'etat in Galicia. We then present some relevant data from the sources consulted. The when, how and who of the victims enables us to put forward some hypotheses regarding the reasons for eliminating the political opposition upon which the Franco dictatorship was founded. The violence and above all the murders constituted a form of terror whose aim was to impose and guarantee the success of the military coup. However, the physical elimination of political rivals, their persecution and extermination, were a means of solving political conflict characteristic of the European fascist regimes of the period.


A study was made to assess the extent of oxploitable heterosis in a 7 x 7 diallel. The results indicated that almost all combinations involving IR 8 as one of the parents pos- sessed high mean and significant heterosis for yield but none of thec ombinations excelled it, indicating non-existence of exploitable heterosis with the parents under study. Similarly for other yield components like productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and 100 grain weight, there was no standard heterosis at exploitable level. These results show that selection of parents is a critical step for successful hybrid rice programme.


Background in music theory. Several music theorists have proposed that in the stylistically conventionalized music of the high classical period (c.1770–1810), a musical passage may convey a particular formal function—the temporal role of beginning, middle, or end—even when taken out of its original context (e.g., Agawu, 1991; Caplin, 1998; Kramer, 1988; Lochhead, 1979). However, a listener's ability to perceive such an out-of-context formfunctional expression—henceforth termed intrinsic formal functionality—has never been examined thoroughly. Background in music perception and cognition. Scholars in the field of music perception and cognition have studied the interaction between musical materials and temporal location (Clarke & Krumhansl, 1990; Krumhansl, 1996; Lalitte, Bigand, Poulin-Charronnat, McAdams, Delbe, and D'Adamo, 2004; Tillmann & Bigand, 1996, 2001). None, however, has conducted a systematic investigation of multiple formal functions. Aims. This interdisciplinary study empirically addresses the perceptibility of intra-thematic intrinsic formal functionality by musicians and non-musicians and proposes hypotheses about function-defining musical parameters. Main contribution. Two groups of participants—musicians and non-musicians—heard short excerpts (average 3.9 s) from Mozart's piano sonatas. The participants' primary task was to identify each excerpt as the beginning, middle, or end of a theme. The results show that both musicians and non-musicians were able to identify the intrinsic formal functionality of these musical excerpts. Implications. This research brings empirical support to music theorists' claims about the perceptibility of intrinsic formal functionality. It also offers hypotheses about the perceptual relevance of individual musical parameters that music theorists associate with the expression of specific formal functions.


10,10-Difluoro-13,14-dehydroprostacyclin was compared with natural prostacyclin (prostaglandin I4, PGI2) for vascular relaxing activity in vitro on helical strips of small canine mesenteric arteries (outside diameter <1 mm) and bovine coronary arteries (outside diameter 1.5-2.5 mm) partially contracted with prostaglandin F2. as well as in vivo in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. The difluoro analog was 3to 4-fold more active than PGI2 in causing relaxation of both types of strips and appeared at least equipotent to PGI2 in its blood pressure lowering effect in dogs. When incubated with Krebs' bicarbonate solution (pH 7.4) at 370C, the biological half-life of the difluoro analog was about 24 hr compared to the 10to 15-min half-life of PGI2 under similar conditions. However, when administered intravenously to dogs, the hemodynamic effects of the difluoro analog were of the same duration as those of PGI2. In the short period of 4 years since the discovery of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2) by Vane and his colleagues in 1976 (1), this newest member of the prostaglandin (PG) family has gained major prominence in the field. The hypothesis that a critical balance between PGI2 and thromboxane A2 is involved in the prevention and causation of thrombosis and in hemostasis (2) has led to suggestions of many potential uses of PGI2 in clinical conditions (3). However, PGI2 is unstable, with a halflife of about 10 min in Tris buffer at pH 7.6 (4). In answer to this problem, the synthesis of more stable analogs of PGI2 has been reported from several laboratories (for refs., see ref. 5). Recently Fried et al. (5) described the synthesis and preliminary biological properties of 10,10-difluoro-13,14-dehydro-PGI2 sodium salt (Fig. 1), a highly potent substance mimicking PGI2 in its effects on the vascular system and on platelets. Most importantly, the hoped-for stabilization of the molecule against hydrolytic cleavage by virtue of the electron-withdrawing effect of the two fluorine atoms on the enol ether system was indeed realized, as was the complete blockade of metabolic inactivation by the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase resulting from substitution of the acetylenic group for the 13,14 double bond. In this paper we present a report of the in vitro and in vivo vascular activity and stability of 10,10-difluoro13,14-dehydro-PGI2. A preliminary report of this work was presented at the meetings of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (6). METHODS AND MATERIALS In Vitro Studies. Male mongrel dogs weighing 15-25 kg were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg intravenously) and killed by bleeding. Distal branches of the su-. perior mesenteric artery (<1 mm outer diameter) were isolated. Hearts of freshly slaughtered oxen were immersed in cold oxygenated Krebs' bicarbonate solution and transported in a Thermos flask to the laboratory within 60 min. The branches of the left descending coronary artery (1.5-2.5 mm outer diameter) were isolated. These canine and beef arteries were cut into (nk3 X 20 mm) helical strips and vertically suspended between hooks in 10-ml muscle baths containing Krebs' bicarbonate solution maintained at 37 + 0.50C and aerated with 95% 02/5% C02. The constitution of Krebs' bicarbonate solution was as follows (mM): NaCl, 118.2; KCl, 4.6; CaC12, 2.5; KH2PO4, 1.2; MgSO4, 1.2; NaHCO&, 24.8; and dextrose, 10. The hook anchoring the upper end of each strip was connected to the lever of a force-displacement transducer (Gould UC-3). The resting tensions on the canine mesenteric and bovine coronary arteries were adjusted to 1.5 g and 2.0 g, respectively. The pH of the solution when bubbled with the gas.mixture was 7.4 + 0.05. Preparations were allowed to equilibrate for 40-60 min in the bath before any measurements were taken. Changes in tension developed by the strips were recorded on an ink-writing oscillograph (Beckman RM type dynograph). The contractile responses to KCl of canine mesenteric (30mM KCI) and of bovine coronary artery (80 mM KCl) strips were first obtained. Then the preparations were washed with Krebs' bicarbonate solution and equilibrated for 30-40 min, during which time the solution was replaced every 10-15 min. Relaxation was studied on arterial strips partially contracted with PGF2. The concentrations of PGF2 required to produce 30-40% of the maximal contraction induced by 10MgM PGF2a ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 ,M for the canine mesenteric and from 0.5 to 5 ,M for the bovine coronary artery strips. At the end of each relaxation experiment, 1 mM sodium nitrite (NaNO2) was added to obtain the maximal relaxation. The relaxation induced by 1 mM NaNO2 from the initial level of contraction was taken as 100%. In previous studies the relaxing effect of PGI2 was studied on bovine coronary arteries with spontaneous tone (7). Under our experimental conditions, at least 4 hr of equilibration was required before the strips of bovine coronary artery developed spontaneous tone. Accordingly, all but four experiments were conducted with strips contracted with PGF2a. No difference in the effects of PGI2 between spontaneously or PGF2a-contracted strips was observed. The relaxing activities of PGI2 and its difluoro analog were tested on the same strips. In order to determine the biological stability of PGI2 or the difluoro analog, two types of experiments were performed on the canine mesenteric artery strips. It was observed initially that The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 6846 Abbreviations: PG, prostaglandin; PGI2, prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2); preparation A, 10,10-difluoro-13,14-dehydro-PGI2; preparation B, (8S,9S,11R,12R-10,10-difluoro-13,14-dehydro-PGI2; preparation M, 1:1 mixture of A and B. t To whom reprint requests should be addressed. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77 (1980) 6847 the partial contraction produced by PGF2a (0.05-0.5 ,tM) was sustained for more than 120 min but thereafter the tension decreased spontaneously (n = 4). Thus, the first series of experiments with relaxant prostaglandins were completed within 120 min. A single concentration of PGI2 (10-9, 10-8, or 10-7 M) or the difluoro analog (10-8 M) was added after different periods of incubation to the strips contracted with PGF2, and the stability of the solutions was compared. The second type of experiments were conducted as follows. After the response of the mesenteric artery strips to 30mM KCI had been recorded, the preparations were washed with Krebs' bicarbonate solution several times over a period of 40 min. Thereafter the strips were superfused at a constant rate of 4.2 ml/min with aerated Krebs' bicarbonate solution maintained at 370C. Strips were equilibrated for 20 min under those conditions and then superfusion by Krebs' bicarbonate solution containing 0.3 ,uM PGF2a was begun. When the contraction induced by this fluid had stabilized, superfusion by the fluid additionally containing 10-8 M difluoro analog that had been incubated with Krebs' bicarbonate solution for predetermined intervals (see below) was started. The degree of relaxation induced was recorded and compared with that of the analog (10-8 M) freshly added to Krebs' bicarbonate solution. Finally, Krebs' bicarbonate solution containing 1 mM NaNO2 and 0.3 ,M PGF2a was used to record maximal relaxation. Samples were prepared to be examined for their stability as follows: 200 ml of a 10-8 M solution of the difluoro analog in Krebs' bicarbonate solution (pH 7.4) was incubated at 370C for 4-36 hr. During incubation, the solution was aerated with 95% 02/5% CO2. After defined periods of incubation (every 4 hr up to a maximum of 36 hr), PGF2a was added to give a concentration of 0.3 ,uM. The fluid was then used to study the stability of the difluoro analog by the superfusion procedure described above. In Vivo Studies. Male mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg intravenously). A tracheotomy was performed and the animal respired with room air via a Harvard respirator. The left common carotid artery was cannulated and connected to a Bell and Howell pressure transducer (type 4-327-0010) for monitoring of arterial blood pressure. The right jugular vein was cannulated and infused with physiological saline. The right femoral artery was exposed in the femoral triangle. The right renal artery was exposed by a flank incision and extraperitoneal dissection. Narco-electromagnetic flow probes were placed around both arteries for measurement of blood flow (8). Heart rate, blood pressure, and renal and femoral blood flows were recorded synchronously on a Beckman dynograph. Drugs were injected into the right jugular vein as a bolus for comparison of their effects on the cardiovascular parameters. Drugs and Solutions. Three different preparations of 10,10-difluoro-13,14-dehydro-PGI2 were used in this study. To begin with, the preparation described by Fried et al. (5) was


The results of a chemical model of SO, CS, and OCS chemistry in dense clouds are summarized. The results are obtained from a theoretical study of sulfur chemistry in dense interstellar clouds using a large-scale time-dependent model of gas-phase chemistry. Among the results are the following: (1) owing to activation energy, the reaction of CS with O atoms is efficient as a loss mechanism of CS during the early phases of cloud evolution or in hot and oxygen-rich sources such as the KL nebula; (2) if sulfur is not abnormally depleted in dense clouds, then the observed abundances of SO, SO2, H2S, CS, OCS, H2CS, and SiS indicate that sulfur is mostly atomic in dense clouds; and (3) OCS is stable against reactions with neutral atoms and radicals in dense clouds.


Considering the standard definition and actual behavior of a snooping switch which transports IPTV in local area network with multiple hosts, we figure out there are some differences between devices in performance, leave procedure, and message forwarding aspects. We integrate the factors into a parameter S_N to estimate the completeness of a switch, which can compare different products simply and clearly.


Traditional flexible flow shop scheduling cannot adapt to the work processes with existence of parallel machines, and blocks or limits the processes with no-wait constraints. Firstly, according to the problem in NWBFFSSP, which minimizes the maximum time used in the flow shop, an optimal solving model has been designed to realize the flexible flow shop scheduling with multi constraints; besides, for the distribution of machinery is improved, Finally, in the solving process, a real-time release priority strategy has been proposed to determine processing machine for each work piece. Furthermore, a methodology to detect work piece conflicts has been introduced while the conflicts are then eliminated by a kind of right moving strategy based on the maximum difference. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.


The company attempting to sell coal to large utility plants is faced with a confusing array of quality parameters and specifications which are often poorly understood by both the utility company and coal supplier. While these specifications are placed on the coal by the utility company, many of them originate with the boiler manufacturer who must guarantee that his product will perform satisfactorily on the design coal. A proper understanding of these parameters by both the coal supplier and utility company can lead to a better understanding of their mutual problems. This paper brings together most of the parameters in common use today and attempts to show what the parameters mean to the boiler designer, particularly in the area of boiler slagging and fouling.


A 62-cm active optics telescope model with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront analyzer was used to measure the mirror seeing effect. The degradation of the imaging quality due to the generation of microthermal convection was quantitatively evaluated from diurnal monitoring measurements over 90 days and nights. The dependence of mirror seeing on the temperature difference between the mirror and the ambient air and the effect of flushing flow to blow away the microthermal turbulence were measured.


Contents: Preface Introduction 1. Insights from Environmental Economics in the Integration of Environmental Policy into Decision-Making Frank J. Convery 2. Environmental Policy Integration and the Nation State: What Can We Learn from Current Practices? Alessandra Sgobbi 3. EPI at Regional and Local Level: A Literature Review Michela Catenacci 4. The Transformations of Regional and Local Governments: Implications for Environmental Policy Integration Bruno Dente 5. Sustainability and Environmental Policy Integration: Local Level Sustainability through Knowledge Involvement and New Governance Arrangements Georgios Terizakis 6. From G-FORS to EPIGOV: Which Governance Modes for EPI Carolina Pacchi and Davide Zanoni 7. A Systems Theoretical Perspective on Greening EU Regional Policy Philipp Schepelmann 8. Struggling Against Departmentalism: The Integration of the Environment into UK Policy Making Duncan Russel and Andrew Jordan 9. The Case of EPI in Central and Eastern Europe Keti Medarova-Bergstrom, Tamara Steger and Adam Paulsen 10. EPI and Regional Governance in Spain Josu Mezo and Kenneth Hanf Index


Articulation based on flexure hinges is increasingly popular in microrobotics because of the absence of Coulomb friction, ease of manufacturability, fluid motion, durability, and large angular ranges. However, the inherent flexibility of these hinges makes modeling very complex and specific to the particular engineering applications for which they were developed. In this paper we describe the development and testing of a simplified, versatile method for modeling the stress on a flexure hinge under multi-axis loads in order to maximize hinge lifespan. We also discuss other stress concentration reducing features and design rules that can be applied to more general flexure hinge designs to further extend hinge lifespan.


Introduction: Neonatal septicemia is diagnosed when generalized systemic features of sepsis are associated with pure growth of bacteria from one or more sites. It refers to systemic infection of neonates including Septicemia, Pneumonia, Meningitis, Arthritis, Osteomyelitis and UTI. Objective: To study the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity of neonatal sepsis and correlating to outcome. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study in NICU of ASRAM medical college, Eluru. Period of study: January, 2014 to July, 2015 Selection of cases: 74 Neonates below the age of 28 days with clinical suspicion of neonatal septicemia were included in this study. Results: Early onset septicemia was present in 49 cases (66%), Late onset septicemia was present in 25 cases (34%). E-coli, Klebsiella and CONS were the most common organisms isolated. Present study shows Gram negative organisms show maximum sensitivity to Imipenem (87.5%). Gram negative organisms show least sensitivity to cefotaxime (25%). Conclusion: Early-onset septicemia is more common than late-onset septicemia. Gram-negative septicemia is more common than Gram-positive septicemia. Gram-negative organisms are common cause of early-onset septicemia. Mortality is higher in early-onset septicemia and Gram-negative septicemia.


This work provides an update, according to the revised SI, to table 1 of Ortolano et al (2015 Metrologia 52 31–9). The table reports fractions of the quantized Hall resistance approx imating decadic values and the associated deviations. In several cases, the deviations have become smaller in the revised SI. Quantum Hall array resistance standards (QHARS) are integrated circuits of interconnected quantum Hall ele ments. They are designed to provide a quantized resistance R approximating a nominal resistance value R0 of practical interest, typically a decadic value (e.g. 10 kΩ). R is a fraction R = ( p/q)RH of the quantized Hall resistance RH of the indi vidual elements composing the QHARS, and p and q are inte gers. The quantized Hall resistance is a submultiple of the von Klitzing constant, RH = RK/i, i being a small integer (here we assume i = 2, as is usually the case). In [1], we proposed an algorithm that, given the target resist ance R0, allows to calculate the fractions p /q of interest, and to design the corresponding QHARS networks. Table 1 of [1] provides several examples of practical interest for the decadic values 100 Ω, 1 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 100 kΩ and 1 MΩ. The approx imations reported in [1], and the corresponding deviations of R from R0, were calculated by assuming the conventional value of the von Klitzing constant RK-90 = 25 812.807 Ω [2, appendix 1]. The redefinition of the International System of Units [3] fixes the value of the von Klitzing constant RK accord ing to the last CODATA 2017 recommendation [4, table 3], RK = h/e2 = 25 812.807 459 3045 Ω (calculated to 15 sig nificant figures, as given in [5]). This value relatively differs from RK-90 by 1.78 × 10−8. The present work provides in table 1 below an update to table 1 of [1] according to the revised SI. A few sign errors in the original δ90 values have also been corrected. It is of inter est that several approximations provide a lower relative error in the revised SI. The Mathematica [6] notebook implementing the search of approximating fractions as described in [1] and employed Update: On the synthesis of quantum Hall array resistance standards (2015 Metrologia 52 31)


The use of kaolin as a silica source in the synthesis of zeolites has been achieved using a novel synthetic approach. The technique reported allows the use of impure kaolin as a starting material to produce pure ZSM-5 zeolite. This is important as it is extremely difficult and time consuming to remove all impurities from natural kaolin. This is also the first report of the direct synthesis of a high silica zeolite from kaolin without the use of an external silica source.


The distributed computing of the ATLAS experiment at LHC has used computing resources of the Czech national HPC center IT4Innovations for several years. The submission system is based on ARC-CEs installed at the Czech Tier2 site (praguelcg2). Recent improvements of this system will be discussed here. First, there was a migration of the ARC-CE from version 5 to 6 which improves the reliability and scalability. A shared filesystem built on top of sshfs 3.7 no longer represents performance bottleneck. It provided an order of magnitude better transfer performance. New Singularity containers with full software stack can easily fit default resource limits on the IT4I cluster filesystem. A new submission system, allowing sequential running of payloads in one job, was set and adapted to HPC's environment, improving usage on worker nodes with very high number of cores. Overall, the whole infrastructure provides significant contribution to resources provided by praguelcg2.


Objective To investigate the molecular pathogenesis for a novel mutation Y475C found in Chinese patients. Methods The Y475C mutant construct was generated by site-directed mutagenesis using human wild-type(WT)pcDNA3-HERG cDNA as a template. WT and mutant construct were transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells using an effective method. After transfection, the recording of HERG current was performed using the patch clamp technique. Results Electrophysiological recordings showed that when the Y475C mutation was transfected or co- transfected with WT, the HERG current density was significantly reduced . Moreover, HERG channel activation characteristics for WT, Y475C,Y475C-WT were significantly different. Y475C mutation had no effect on HERG channel inactivation. Conclusions The Y475C mutation results in significantly reduced HERG current through dominant negative suppression and changes of channel gating characteristics.


We define a discrete Menger-type curvature of d+2 points in a real separable Hilbert space H by an appropriate scaling of the squared volume of the corresponding (d+1)-simplex. We then form a continuous curvature of an Ahlfors d-regular measure on H by integrating the discrete curvature according to the product measure. The aim of this work, continued in a subsequent paper, is to estimate multiscale least squares approximations of such measures by the Menger-type curvature. More formally, we show that the continuous d-dimensional Menger-type curvature is comparable to the ``Jones-type flatness''. The latter quantity adds up scaled errors of approximations of a measure by d-planes at different scales and locations, and is commonly used to characterize uniform rectifiability. We thus obtain a characterization of uniform rectifiability by using the Menger-type curvature. In the current paper (part I) we control the continuous Menger-type curvature of an Ahlfors d-regular measure by its Jones-type flatness.


The invention dispersion containing the copper nano-particles or the copper alloy, the amorphous carbon comprising nanoparticles nanofibers, which pulverized to a copper composite nanoparticles with the surface all or a portion of the particles including the resultant copper coated with amorphous carbon, and this relates to a solution and a method of manufacturing the same, is to amorphous carbon nanofibers of the present invention comprises a nanoparticle comprising a copper nanoparticle or copper alloy nanoparticles of copper, a copper composite nanoparticles of the present invention are particles including the copper will have a surface in whole or in part is coated with amorphous carbon, amorphous carbon nanofiber production method of the present invention by dissolving a polymer and a Cu precursor in (a) solvent to form a spinning solution, (b) the spinning liquid the step of spinning the polymer to form a composite and nanofibers containing the Cu precursor, and (c) the compound or Heat-treating the fiber, the polymer is carbonized, the includes forming the amorphous carbon nanofibers containing the copper nano-particles formed by nucleation and growth from a Cu precursor, dissolving the additional metal or metal precursor copper alloy and to form the amorphous carbon nanofibers containing nanoparticles, copper composite nanoparticle dispersion solution of the method of the present invention to micro-milling the amorphous carbon nanofibers produced by the method of the above in a solvent, comprising copper surface of all or a copper complex nanoparticles are coated with an amorphous carbon portion of the particles to form a precipitate and a uniformly dispersed solution is dispersed without aggregation in the solvent.


Ninety-nine patients with apoplectic sequel were randomly divided into scalp elec-tro-acupuncture group,body electro-acupuncture group and scalp and body electro-acupuncturegroup.The therapeutic results were evaluated according to the criteria adopted from″12 gradingmethods for evaluating function in hemiplesia″ by Shang Tianmin and scoring methods of Barthelindex of ADL(activities of daily living).It was found that the total effective rate was 96.96%and three methods of acupuncture were all effective(P>0.05)to the hemorrhagic and ischemicapoplectic sequel.The satisfactory therapeutic effects were seen mainly in the young patientswith short duration of disease(less than 3 months)and without notable complications.


Abstract Three species of anglerfish, Histrio histrio, Antennarius ocellatus, and A. nummifer, are newly recorded from northern New Zealand waters. A. tridens is redescribed, and variations in its colour pattern are illustrated.


The two biggest issues that come to mind in light of the current economic climate are how well you're communicating within the urology practice and how the economy might affect staff performance.


Staphylococcus aureus is a widely distributed, opportunistic pathogen and has been linked to the human skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). Here, we present 44 complete and 4 draft genome sequences of S. aureus strains isolated from the nose and skin of AD patients and healthy controls from a German study cohort. ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a widely distributed, opportunistic pathogen and has been linked to the human skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). Here, we present 44 complete and 4 draft genome sequences of S. aureus strains isolated from the nose and skin of AD patients and healthy controls from a German study cohort.


Application developers are increasingly facing the need to cover a wider variety of target devices. The diversity of devices supporting software applications is expanding from PC, to mobile, home entertainment systems, and even the automotive industry. Maintaining a viable balance between development costs and market coverage has turned out to be a challenging issue when developing applications for such a ubiquitous ecosystem. In this paper, we present the webinos approach as a means to enable adaptive user interfaces for web-based applications in ubiquitous computing environments. We propose a model-based user interface adaptation framework driven by a rich description of the target delivery context.


The dramatic physical and psychological metamorphosis that occurs during adolescence places a tremendous stress on the equilibrium within the organism itself, as well as on the equilibrium existing between the organism and its environment. The physician and the educator are in a unique position to evaluate this balance and to intervene when disequilibrium occurs. The normal changes that occur between the ages of ten and fifteen, a period covering early and middle adolescence, are staggering. The teenager will add the final 2 5 percent of his ultimate adult height, and as much as 5 ° percent of his adult weight. From the relatively immature child's body will emerge the sexually adult male and female with appropriate physique and body composition. The psychological developments that accompany these changes are equally impressive. The child must accommodate to a new body image and sense of self. He must begin to separate from his family and consider his position in the world as an independent entity. The relatively smooth, predictable progression through this complex series of physical, biological, psychological, and social changes results in the state we call health. Any aberrations impacthag on one of these processes, however, may influence functioning, growth, and development in other areas. Illness in adolescence well demonstrates these interdependent relationships. In spite of what seems like endless opportunity for malfunction, the adolescent years generally are years of good health. The physician should, however, provide several opportunities to assess developmental progress during adolescence. "Well-health" physical exams are scheduled during this period and are, in fact, often


In decision-making processes, it often occurs that the decision maker is asked to pairwise compare alternatives. His/her judgements over a set of pairs of alternatives can be collected into a matrix and some relevant properties, for instance, consistency, can be estimated. Consistency is a desirable property which implies that all the pairwise comparisons respect a principle of transitivity. So far, many indices have been proposed to estimate consistency. Nevertheless, in this paper we argue that most of these indices do not fairly evaluate this property. Then, we introduce a new consistency evaluation method and we propose to use it in group decision making problems in order to fairly weigh the decision maker's preferences according to their consistency. In our analysis, we consider two families of pairwise comparison matrices: additively reciprocal pairwise comparison matrices and multiplicatively reciprocal pairwise comparison matrices.


A method was established to simultaneously detect colistinin and polymycin B in milk by liquid chromatography tandem mass spetrometry(LC-MS/MS).The samples,protein was precipitated with 5% perchloric acid and the fat was removed with diethyl ether,the other impurities were removed with Strata-X solid phase extraction cartridge,after concentration,theanalvtes were detected by LC-MS/MS(ESI)with multiple reaction monitoring(MRM).The results indicated that the calibration curves were in good linearity between the peak area and the concentration of 25~1 000 ng/mL for colistinin and polymycin B with correlation cofficients not less than 0.997 2,the spiked recoveries ranged from 71.5%~98.1% with reative standard deviations of 3.8% ~9.5%.The proposed method was simple and rapid,the stability was good and it was suitable for the simultaneous quantitative detection of colistinin and polymycin B in milk.


We assume that electromagnetic (EM) response estimates are available for a set of discrete frequencies n , in case of 2D or 3D interpretations also for various field sites at surface locations ) 0 , , (x y r . Cartesian coordinates are used, with z positive down. To be found are models of conductivity or resistivity within a modelling domain A in the lower half-space. Regardless of their specific nature, the complex-valued estimates will be denoted with ) (r yn and called henceforth the datum, with ) (r yn as the stochastic error of its absolute value. Let the model generate the theoretical datum ) ( (mod) r yn for the same frequency and location. Then the difference ) (r yn ) (r yn ) ( (mod) r yn represents the misfit residual for the respective datum and model, with


The diversity of benthic invertebrate communities was used to characterize the environmental quality of 47 sites located in 12 mountain rivers of western Switzerland (canton of Vaud). Each site was visited (three times yearly) in 1985, 1989, 1992 and 1995. The RIVAUD 95 index, based on total number of taxa and number of taxa intolerant of pollution (Plecoptera, Heptageniidae, and Trichoptera with a case), indicated that the environmental quality was better in mountain rivers than in those of the other regions. In mountain rivers, zoobenthic diversity was more often affected by the diversion of water towards hydroelectrical plants than by organic pollution. Diversity of zoobenthos increased between 1985 and 1995. This trend was attributed to a decrease of man-made perturbations and to the effects of several successive mild winters.


According to field survey on typical shops and markets,and statistical data of fire accidents in recent years,by combining statistical method with specialistic advice,a fire risk assessment method for shop was presented based on system safety and fuzzing mathematics theories.The method can provide reasonable basis for safety management and fire risk assessment of shop and market.


A hysteretic moment–curvature relationship to simulate the behavior of a reinforced concrete (RC) beam under cyclic loading is introduced in this paper, and the nonlinear behavior of RC beams subjected to flexural cyclic loading is analyzed by means of the proposed model. Unlike previous moment–curvature models and the layered–section approach, the proposed model takes bond–slip effects into account by using the monotonic moment–curvature relationship constructed on the basis of the bond–slip relation and the corresponding equilibrium equation at each nodal point. In addition, in contrast to linearized hysteretic curves, the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress–strain relation of steel considering the Bauschinger effect gives more accurate structural responses. This follows a correct assessment of the energy–absorbing capacity of the structure at large deformations. The advantages of the proposed model, compared with the layered–section approach, may be in the reduction in calculation time and memory space in applications to large–frame structures with many degrees of freedom. Modifications of the moment–curvature relationship to reflect the fixed–end rotation and pinching effect are also introduced. Finally, correlation studies between analytical results and experimental studies are conducted to establish the validity of the proposed model.


Recommender systems used in current online social platforms make recommendations by only considering how relevant an item is to a specific user but they ignore the fact that, thanks to mechanisms like sharing or re-posting across the underlying social network, an item recommended to a user i propagates through the network and can reach another user j without needing to be explicitly recommended to j too. Overlooking this fact may lead to an inefficient use of the limited recommendation slots. These slots can instead be exploited more profitably by avoiding unnecessary duplicates and recommending other equally relevant items. In this work we take a step towards rethinking recommender systems by exploiting the anticipated social-network information diffusion and withholding recommendation of items that are expected to reach a user through sharing/re-posting. We devise a novel recommender system, DifRec, by formulating the problem of maximizing the total user engagement as an allocation problem in a properly-defined neighborhoodness graph, i.e., a graph that models the conflicts of recommending an item to a user who will receive it anyway by social diffusion. We show that the problem is NP-hard and propose efficient heuristics to solve it. We assess the performance of our DifRec by involving real data from Tumblr platform. We obtain substantial improvements in overall user engagement (130%--190%) over the real recommender system embedded in Tumblr and over various existing recommender systems.


About the Authoress: Emily Bronte (1818-1848)was the 5th child of the Reverend Patrick Bronte, a stern Evangelical curate, in Thornton, Yorkshire. When Emily was three, her mother died of cancer, and her Aunt Branwell, a strict Calvinist, moved in to help rasie the six children. They lived in a parsonage in Haworth with the bleak moors of Yorkshire on one side and the parish graveyard on the other. When Emily was 6, she went to a


Objective:To study the distribution of the hepatitis B virus genotypes in 579 cases with hepatitis B virus patients,and analysis its clinical significance.Methods:HBV genotypes were determined by Gene chip technology analysis in 579 cases from 2007.1 to 2009.12.The liver function detection is acquired by Enzyme Kinetics Abbott Ci8200.Results: Genotype C is the most frequent genotype of hepatitis B virus with statistical significance(P0.01).It is statistical significance between genotype C and genotype B,genotype C and genotype B/C,genotype B and genotype B/C(P0.05).Conclusion:Genotype B,genotype C and genotype B/C exist in 1047 cases with hepatitis B virus patients,in which genotype C is the most frequent one.Genotype is associated with the development of liver disease.Among three genotypes,genotype B/C is correlated with the worst prognosis.


Rapid growth of pipeline and refinery industries, especially where power systems are "weak" and equipment is fully automated, makes it frequently necessary to start large electric motor drives under adverse conditions. Voltage may sag, and motor torque available for acceleration goes down as voltage squared. Or the motor may have to start a fully loaded pump. Understanding these conditions is essential to finding solutions.


Constant upgrading of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is necessary, but can cause new defects. This paper attempts to model the likelihood of defects after completed upgrades with Weibull defect probability density function (PDF). A case study is presented analyzing data of recorded defects obtained for one ERP subsystem. The trends are observed for the value of the parameters relevant to the proposed statistical Weibull distribution for a given one year period. As a result, the ability to predict the appearance of defects after the next upgrade is described. Keywords—ERP, upgrade, reliability, Weibull model


Process for the continuous filling of an evaporation chamber, wherein a. solid (1) material is transferred through a vacuum lock (19) to a vacuum chamber (3), wherein the vacuum chamber (3) is equipped with a partition wall (28) which is only permeable material liquid (1), b. the material (1) is heated in the vacuum chamber (3) by a heating jacket (29) of the vacuum chamber (3) to liquefaction, and c. the material (1) is transferred through a sump (21) and a connecting channel (20) to a cuvette (9) into an evaporation chamber (8).


By investigations in the system Ca—Ni—P we found two ternary phases. CaNi1.95P2 crystallizes in a tetragonal lattice; a ThCr2Si2 type structure is supposed. Ca2.1Ni11.9P7 crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice.


This work presents a model aiming to evaluate the impact of rural-urban migration on the aggregate stock of loanable funds and investment by the urban population. Much higher investment costs for immigrants in cities prevent their acquisition of either human or physical capital. That is the reason why immigrants self-select as net lenders and affect urban labor earnings by means of the availability of new loanable funds for investment. This reduces the local interest rates and facilitates urban aggregate investment, especially by the new generations of natives. As a result of that, the aggregate labor income of natives increases unambiguously with the size of new immigration waves.


The purpose of this paper is to give an insight of quality of research done particularly at MPhil and PhD level and factors related to system, structure and culture that can be used by leaders to enhance quality of research. Study is based on extensive and thorough interviews conducted from researchers in different universities of Islamabad, Pakistan. Research showed some flaws in existing systems, structures and culture of education in Pakistan, leaders (HEC and other concerned institutes) could take some actions to modify current research systems, structure and culture to enhance quality of research in Pakistan. Research is designed to focus research quality enhancement. Certain recommendations were made to improve that quality particularly academic research. Intention of research is to improve quality of research in educational institutes particularly which are dealing in MPhil and PhD programs in different specializations. Qualitative research to find out factors for improvement of research quality is limited. Moreover,


The invention discloses a wall building robot. The wall building robot comprises a first traveling mechanism, a brick accommodating box and a second traveling mechanism. The wall building robot is characterized by further comprising an operating mechanism, a control system, a first traveling mechanism steering gear and a second traveling mechanism steering gear, wherein the first traveling mechanism steering gear and the second traveling mechanism steering gear are used for steering the robot; the first traveling mechanism steering gear is pivoted to a first traveling mechanism sliding rail, the second traveling mechanism steering gear is pivoted to a second traveling mechanism sliding rail, and a brick laying machine hand, a cement jetting machine hand and a cement stirring mechanism are arranged on the second traveling mechanism. The wall building robot further comprises a brick steering gear, a brick orientation mechanism, a brick cutting mechanism and a brick taking machine hand, a moving chassis is divided into the first traveling mechanism, the first traveling mechanism steering gear, the second traveling mechanism and the second traveling mechanism steering gear. When the device is used, high-precision, automatic wall building along straight lines or wall corners can be realized.


Health care is an information-intensive industry. Its cornerstones are a research tradition of hundreds of years, and detailed understanding of each customer, patient. As compared to other industries, say banking, the data about the customer needs to be very detailed, and must include trend data to allow analysis of the development of things. When caring for a patient, even very special knowledge and knowhow is often needed, and this compels the industry into a networked mode of operation, with a lot of communication needs. With this background, it is astonishing to see how slowly the industry has adopted to new information and communication technology (ICT). Currently, however, a major revolution is under way, and the health care industry has become a key application area for ICT, and an object for both national and international programs to promote usage of ICT. We want to understand these trends better. Our research questions are: 1. Which reasons led to the late adoption of modern ICT in the healthcare sector? 2. Why is the situation now changing fast? 3. Which seem to be the main application areas? 4. Which kind of progress can we now see? To each of the research questions, we allocate one section in our chatper. This article is conceptual in nat re, but argumentation is supported by concrete examples and field work done at the author's Institute in more than 10 projects in the health care sector. The main conclusions are that: • Starting from "scratch" has made a fast development in the field possible when it comes to modern ICT.


To examine the associations between personality traits and suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) in mood disorder patients and community controls.