As the Web gains prevalence as an application-to-application communication medium, organizations are deploying more Web service applications to provide standardized, programmatic application functionality over the Internet. The paper considers how scalable content-based routing architectures for Web applications can handle the growing number of XML messages associated with Web services.


Disclosed is a drone having a self-generating function. The drone includes: a central body part; a battery disposed below the central body portion; a plurality of arms extending radially from the central body portion; a driving rotor provided at the upper portion of the arm; a ring-shaped guide member positioned at the lower portion of the arm and supported by the plurality of arms; and a plurality of first generators disposed on the guide member in the direction parallel to the drive rotor.


The present invention provides a communication terminal and a method and device thereof for receiving system information. The method for receiving system information of the communication terminal comprises: after completing configuration of a broadcasting channel, acquiring corresponding scheduling information according to the demand of the communication terminal for system information under present application state; and receiving relative desired system information based on the scheduling information. The technical solutions of the present invention can improve the efficiency of the communication terminal for receiving system information, save software and hardware resources for the communication terminal and reduce power consumption during the receiving process.


The utility model discloses a plunger pump with large discharge capacity, high lift and low energy consumption, relating to a plunger pump and aiming at solving the problem of over low flow, over highenergy consumption and over high cost of the existing plunger pump. Two single-shaft gears arranged in a crankcase body are fixedly arranged on a shaft; the single-shaft gears is meshed with a crankshaft gear fixedly arranged on a crankshaft; one end of a connecting rod is arranged on the crankshaft and the other end thereof is connected with a guide piston; one end of a plunger draw bar is connected with the guide piston and the other end thereof is fixed on a plunger by clamp nuts; the plunger body is internally provided with an inlet channel and an outlet channel; the structures of a frontpump cover and a back pump cover are the same and consist of an inlet room and an outlet room as well as an inlet valve and an outlet valve; the two inlet rooms are both communicated with the inlet channel of the plunger body; the two outlet rooms are both communicated with the outlet channel; the two inlet rooms are respectively and internally provided with one inlet valve; the two outlet roomsare respectively and internally provided with one outlet valve; and the front pump cover is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The plunger pump solves the problem of over low flow of the plunger pump, improves the work efficiency of the pump and achieves the purpose of reducing energy consumption.


This paper presents an improved Mean Shift tracking algorithm. It extends the classic Mean Shift tracking algorithm by combining color and texture features. In the proposed method, firstly, both the color feature and the texture feature of the target are extracted from first frame and the histogram of each feature is computed. Then the Mean Shift algorithm is run for maximizing the similarity measure of each feature independently. In last step, center of the target in the new frame is computed through the integration of the outputs of Mean Shift. Experiments show that the proposed Mean-Shift tracking algorithm combining color and texture features provides more reliable performance than single features tracking.


The moderate application of Mo(H 2MoO 4: 0 33 kg/ha)in maize not only promotes the absorption to NPK, and enhances the fertilizer use efficiency of NPK (respectively increase 23 38%, 26 52%, 65 21%), but also increases the grain yield (increases 4 35%) and changes the grain quality The excessive application of Mo may inhibit the absorption of NPK and there was no good for the grain yield of maize The Mo supplying levels are positive correlativity with the content of total sugar, soluble sugar and fibre, but negative correlativity with the protein-N content of the plant and chlorophyll content of leaves at the seedling stage of maize


The long conduction POS technology is studied on GIT8 since 1992. The usual type POS with radial plasma injection has demonstrated slow opening into small impedance load simulating z-pinch load conditions. Also in this POS large amount of plasma was pushed by EM force into load region located about 60 cm downstream during 1.3 {mu}s conduction time. To avoid these problems a new POS design was developed called PSIPS (Plasma Switch with Inertial Plasma Stopping). The first PSIPS version was studied on GIT4. The idea is to inject plasma with high initial velocity between coaxial electrodes in direction opposite to that of the EM force. In this case part of the conduction time plasma moves along from the load, then stops and changes the direction of its movement to the opposite one. As a result the total time until plasma is removed from the switch region increases without increasing plasma mass and/or cathode diameter. The PSIPS operation at 40 kV charging voltage on GIT8 has demonstrated improved opening into small impedance load compared to the usual POS with radial injection. With cathode diameter of 160 mm it opens at 2.6 MA peak conduction current at a charge time of 1.3more » {mu}s.« less


Abstract This article is an attempt by two educators, one Dalit and one Tribal, to make a case for why education in India needs to be informed by a conception of "the Dalit curriculum." We argue that the Dalit curriculum is an educational theory based on the following foundational assumption: The Dalit reality is the denominator of measuring any knowledge that can be considered within the bounds of morality with real potential for social transformation in India. In developing this educational framework, both of us draw upon and embody a "curriculum of solidarity" that is inherent in the Ambedkarite perspective, which we both espouse. This article is comprised of four sections. The first expresses our socio-historical location as co-authors of the text. The second explains the context of solidarity between Dalits and Tribes. The third historicizes the Dalit curriculum from an Ambedkarite perspective and the fourth constitutes a dialogical reflection on the same from a Tribal perspective.


In Ancient Egypt, the human face appears to be particularly important for the discourse on the being or identity. The relationship of a person's face (Egyptian her) with his perceptions (hearing,…


This paper seeks to honor the anthropologist Marcia Regina daCosta, stressing three interconnected aspects of her academiccareer which were: 1) as a professor inside the classroom; 2) as acoordinator of the Daily Studies and Urban Culture Core Group; 3)as an intellectual whose path this text brings out, indicating thetheoretical contributions for urban anthropology. At last, this textpresents a bibliography summary including some of the main workof the author.


Abstract : The Accelerator Technology (AT) Division continued in fiscal year 1990 to fulfill its mission of developing accelerator science and technology for application to research, defense, energy, and other problems of national interest. Highlights for the year included (1) Successful operation of the first cryogenically cooled radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ). The RFQ accelerated a beam of negative hydrogen ions to the design energy of 2.5 MeV with high transmission and beam quality. This is the first acceleration stage for the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA), being developed for the Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) program sponsored by Strategic Defense initiative Organization (SDIO) and the US Army Strategic Defense Command. (2) Completion of a conceptual design for a high current, continuous wave linear accelerator for application to accelerator production of tritium (APT). The concept was reviewed by a Department of Energy Energy Research Advisory Board panel that found the APT proposal and the accelerator design to be technically sound. Initial operation of the High Brightness Accelerator FEL (HIBAF), designed to produce an intense electron beam for free electron laser (FEL) research. First acceleration of the high current beam from a photoelectric injector to 17 MeY produced exceptional brightness that verified the design codes. This will lead the way to a new generation of high efficiency FELs. (3) Organization and hosting of the Conference on Computer Codes and the Linear Accelerator Community. (4) Hosting of the 1990 Linac Conference, a biennial international conference dedicated to advances in linear accelerator technology.


The goal is to contribute to research on aesthetic education in China Under the background of ideological and political education, display prevailing spotlights and look at the research trends forward. From 2,998 literature on aesthetic education included in the domestic core database from 1998 to 2022, this research, turning to CiteSpace, an emerging knowledge map analysis software, interpreted research spotlights and frontiers basing key nodes of the keywords. With efforts invested in studying the theme transmutation, spotlight and prospects on the topic by clustering algorithms, here have been listed challenges hampering current researches to provide reference and chart course for subsequent research and exploration.


Very few cases of spontaneous malignant transformation of nonirradiated recurrent juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis (JLP) have beenreported in literature. We document a case of invasive laryngeal carcinoma arising in pre-existing juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. Aftermultiple CO2 Laser resections, a 29-year-old female, non-smoker, who had never received radiation therapy, developed a florid exophytictransglottic squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, regular extensive biopsies and careful histopathological examination are required in casesof JLP. We also emphasize the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for malignant transformation in long standing cases.


The image of a natural scene can be considered a product of reflectance and effective illumination functions. One goal of image understanding is the estimation of the reflectance and illumination from image luminance data. Human observers are remarkably good at inferring reflectance changes from an image. One well-known aspect of this ability is lightness constancy. However, because there are two unknowns for every data point in the image, this problem is ill-posed, and it does not have a unique solution without prior constraints on the class of reflectance and illumination functions. We use Markov random fields to model and thereby constrain the class of reflectance and illumination functions. Our computational goal is taken to be the maximization of the posterior distribution of the reflectance and illumination conditional on the image. This goal is achieved using stochastic relaxation. This approach provides a general framework for quantifying the computational theory apart from specific algorithmic implementations for a number of problems of early vision.


Rearrangements in polarized infrared reflection spectra of glycine- containing crystals - cL-glycine and triglycinesulphate (TGS) werediscovered in the area of 600-2000 cm under plillimater wave ir- radiation applied with the power up to 5 mW/mm within 37.5-53.5 GHzrange. For NH3 deformational vibration in both crystals measuredpolarization reflection indicatricoo agreed with calculatedindicatrices. Changes in polarization indicatrices under resonancemillimeter wave effect were studied. Parameter values whichcharacterize dielectric permeability tensors of a-gly and TGS andtheir changes under millimeter wave field were calculated on thebasis of the experimental data.


Firm decisions to invest in low-carbon projects in developing countries: the influence of climate policy and evolving carbon markets Nathan Hultman(1, 3, 4), S Pulver(2) (1) University of Maryland, School of Public Policy , College Park, MD, USA (2) Brown University, Providence, RI, USA (3) Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, USA (4) Martin Institute for Science & Civilization, University of Oxford, UK


High resolution, liquid helium temperature MCD, and absorption spectra over the range 17 000–24 500 cm−1 are presented for the Ir4+ ion doped into the cubic host Cs2ZrCl6 in which it exhibits extensive fine structure. The spectra have been interpreted as arising almost exclusively from ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer transitions on the basis of intensity arguments and an analysis of the MCD spectrum. There is considerable evidence that the band at ∼23 000–24 500 cm−1 assigned as Eg″(2T2g)→ Eu″(2T2u)+Uu′(2T2u) shows a large excited state Ham effect (quenching of spin‐orbit coupling by a dynamic Jahn‐Teller effect) so that the no‐phonon lines of the two spin—orbit components (Eu″ and Uu′), rather than being split by ∼(3/4) ζC1=440 cm−1, are actually separated by ≲ 6 cm−1. The other intense absorption region, ∼19 000–20 500 cm−1, is assigned to Eg″(2T2g)→ Uu′(2T1u)+Eu′(2T1u). The Eu′ component is orbitally forbidden but very probably borrows intensity from Uu′. There is also some possibility of a Ham effect ...


This article is presented the study's results of the place of the cheerfulness value in the young people's value-based world view. This value relates with the severity of value career orientations, significance of other instrumental, terminal ones, as well as with the significance, implementation and conflict between the significance and implementation of internal and external values. The value under study is to a greater extent associated with the personal sphere of young people, is not associated with the manifestation of their initiative and is negatively associated with some career orientations. The cheerfulness is an important, but rather a potential value, which does not have much motivational potential. The article suggests a hypothesis, that the image of a reliable person is negatively associated with emotionality and a positive attitude to life, and positively – with the manifestation of seriousness and will. It is concluded that this value is an internal value that is not associated with demonstrating their success to other people and social status, but is an indicator and consequence of their personal internal development and is more connected with warm friendly relationships and emotional richness of life.


Background Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis is one of the common disabling conditions associated with
Diabetes Mellitus. In diabetes mellitus, the onsets of many complications are seen to develop before the
onset of overt disease. The aim of our research is nd out the coexistence of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis in the prediabetic
stage itself. Materials And Methods Settings - Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Biochemistry Departments, Govt.
Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala Study Design - Observational study. Statistical Analysis - Analysed using SPSS-18
package software. Patients with features of pain and reduction in range of motions of the shoulder are rst clinically assessed
for the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis and then they are investigated. Any relations with prediabetes are assessed by
measuring fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar. Observations are recorded. Results The movements of the shoulder
are assessed. Fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels are assessed in all patients. Conclusion There is a signicant
association between the adhesive capsulitis and prediabetes. The onset of adhesive capsulitis begins in the prediabetes stage.


ABSTRACT Excellent service is an excellent service to meet the expectations and needs of customers. In other words, excellent service is a service that meets quality standards. Services that meet the quality standards is a service that is in line with expectations and customer satisfaction/society. The principles of the excellent service (Customer Care) include (1) attitude (Attitude), (2) attention (attention), and (3) action (action) In the third principle language is a part in the activity indivisibility excellent service. The objective of this paper is to describe language greeting Courtesy a nd right word t hat is used as a communication in service excellence. This is important because any action in service excellence required language as a medium. If the language used and the less polite greeting was not right, it could be desirable excellent service to the company or institution fails. Polite language is meant here is the polite language, while the greeting is meant in this paper will be focused on the preferred greeting customers and talking that needs to be avoided in service excellence. Thus, excellent service which is to be achieved by the company or institution can be realized with either. Going to loyal customers eventually use the products or services sold by the company 'or institutions. concerned. Keywords : polite language, the words of greeting, and excellent service


This is a study of the history of universities in the twentieth century and of the ways in which the universities of Britain, France, Germany, and the United States were affected by the cataclysmic events of the First and Second World Wars.


To establish detect method for the Pandemic/2009 influenza virus infection in swine,A TaqMan real-time RT-PCR was developed based on primers and TaqMan probe derived from pH1N1/09 HA gene.A serial dilution of recombinant plasmid of pMD-H1-HA was prepared and used to generate standard curves.The results showed that the sensitivity of the real-time RT-PCR was 50 TCID50,with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and no cross-reaction with classical swine H1,Eurasian avian-like H1,human-like H1,or H1N2,H3N2,H5N1,H9N2 influenza viruses.The results demonstrate that this assay is efficient for the diagnosis of pH1N1/09 virus in both human and animal.


i t e a c o n n e c t . o r g This publication was made possible by the ITEA- ste M ± ctl Consortium. For more information contact the International Technology Education Association ste M ± c enter for t each I ng & l earn I ng™ . International Technology and Engineering Educators Association Facilities Planning Guide


The electronic structures of oxygen vacancies and substitutional divalent and trivalent cobalt ions in cubic yttria stablilized zirconia crystals were calculated by the discrete-variation-al (DV)-X_αmethod. Various clusters account for different configurations of the oxygen vacancies and different coordinations of the cobalt ions. The oneelecton eigenvalues and charge distributions of the clusters were given.
The energies of optical transitions were obtained by transition-state calculations, and compared with available experimental date. The effects of composition and thermal processing on the absoption spectra of the crystal are discussed.


A linear decision rule (LDR) in reservoir management and design is reviewed and transformed. A generalized formulation of a new LDR is presented, and the necessary steps to implement it are carried out for a particular form of the new rule. The proposed rule permits further minimization of expected losses arising from deviations of releases from prespecified target levels. The use of the rule also makes possible a larger minimum commitment of water. The problem is solved for historical data from the Gunpowder River in Maryland under both the previous and the new form of the LDR. Results obtained are compared for the two cases.


power. His victory in the plebiscite to install the constitution of the Fifth Republic and to create the office of an elected president was no less dictated by his grasp of democratic majority rule as the foundation stone of political legitimacy. Similarly, when the French populace effectively withdrew his legitimacy in the Événements of 1968, de Gaulle chose to depart from French politics in 1969 after losing the vote on a relatively minor issue of regional autonomy. Finally, the volume might have been strengthened if it had devoted some attention to de Gaulle's conception of the proper relationship between political leaders and the populace and the range of actions that leaders are permitted in pursuit of national interest—even at the risk of manipulating a populace uninstructed in what is in its best interest. De Gaulle's reliance on popular support was ever in tension with his willingness to defy or to deceive popular will to gain power as a means of transforming popular support for his vision of what France should do. His Delphic "Je vous ai compris" before a cheering crowd in Algiers clamoring for the retention of French Algeria exemplifies de Gaulle's mastery of democratic politics even though he was later toppled from power by popular will. A lot more work is needed to achieve a fuller understanding of this complex man and to profit from his ideas in a globalizing world. Certainly not everything de Gaulle thought or believed has stood the toll of time and changed circumstances. His curious attachment to the gold standard as a sufficient basis for global finance and trade illustrates one of a number of bad ideas he espoused. Conversely, his rejection of empire as the basis for national power and wealth and his understanding of the indispensability of political legitimacy as the foundation of national regimes and the relations of states and peoples warrants more study not only of this aspect of Gaullist political thinking but of the full corpus of his ideas—good and bad.


participate in a variety of programs and benefit from their participation both as individuals and as a community. It hopes to demonstrate that to the extent adults become involved in such a coordinated pattern, they become well-informed, mature, and responsible citizens. It is through an informed citizenry that the community improves itself and, at the same time, becomes aware of its world relationships, thus contributing to international understanding and a free world at peace.


Aim: Characterize the clinical features of treatment-naive hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients harboring either precore (PC) or basal core promoter (BCP; PC/BCP) mutations. Methods: Alanine aminotransferase, HBsAg, HBV-DNA, HBV genotypes, PC/BCP mutations and liver stiffness measurement were assessed for 186 treatment-naive HBeAg-positive CHB patients. Results: PC/BCP mutations were found in 40.31% of the treatment-naive HBeAg-positive CHB patients. Patients with PC/BCP mutations showed significantly higher alanine aminotransferase and liver stiffness measurement levels. The serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in patients with BCP mutations were significantly lower than those in patients with wild-type virus. PC/BCP mutations were more prevalent in patients in immune clearance phase than those in immune tolerance phase. Conclusion: The emergences of PC/BCP mutations possibly indicate that HBeAg positive patients are experiencing the phase of immune clearance.


The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent, migratory cell population that is a hallmark of vertebrate evolution and gives rise to a diverse array of tissues including peripheral nervous system and craniofacial skeleton. Formation of the NC encompasses several steps including induction and specification, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and differentiation into diverse cell types. Previous work in aquatic and avian systems revealed that Wnt, BMP and FGF signaling pathways drive NC formation. However, knockout mouse models failed to recapitulate a role for these pathways in mammalian NC induction. Our approach uses a mouse mutant in germ cell nuclear factor (Gcnf)/Nr6a1, to study mammalian NC formation. Our analysis of Gcnf−/− embryos revealed a total absence of NC posterior to the first branchial arch and a great anterior reduction in cranial NC. Both phenotypes result from a failure of neural progenitors to differentiate into NC and undergo EMT. Along with our global gene expression and protein interaction analysis, we show that Gcnf regulates two key processes during NC formation: stem cell maintenance and EMT. Therefore, we hypothesize that Gcnf acts as a bimodal switch (i) repressing pluripotency genes and activating NC‐specific genes and (ii) regulating EMT during NC delamination. This is the first example of a total loss of NC in a specific domain of the neuraxis in a mammalian system.


Research indicated that partisan affiliation, ideological and economic factors are the main determinants of the voters' party preferences at Turkish elections. However, as Turkish political parties have been non-institutionalized structures, the role played by their political leaders seems to be larger than life. This paper seeks to assess the relative impact of the party leaders on the voters' party preferences vis-à-vis ideology, partisan identity and economic satisfaction through empirical analyses with binary logistic regression. The data for the study were compiled as nationally representative surveys of the Turkish voters in June–July 2007 and May–June 2011.


This paper presents design and development of an on-board hydrogen generator for hydrogen enrichment of a internal combustion engine as well utilization of hydrogen for any other purposes. The generation of hydrogen by electrolysis has been carried out through a wet cell type of process which is very inefficient. So to overcome the inefficiencies and to optimize the production rate a dry cell type of process is used in the designed generator. On board production of hydrogen is mainly done by partial oxidation reactor and electrolysis of water. The generator utilizes electrical energy from a battery to carry out the process of electrolysis and generates hydrogen. Hydrogen which has fast burning rate, when added to gasoline in an internal combustion engine, enhances its flame propagation rate. The emission of hydro carbons, carbon monoxide and few other parameters decreases with increasing percentage of hydrogen. The characteristics of the designed on board electrolyser is presented. The main purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the feasibility of the designed generator for use in internal combustion engine and other possible


Timothy Mo's three novels are all concerned with social philosophy, specifically with the clash between traditional Chinese and contemporary Western social values and with suggestions for resolution or synthesis in the emerging global crosspollination of cultures. Born of an English mother and Cantonese father, raised in Hong Kong and working as ajournalist in London, Mr. Mo knows the conflicts from experience. In his first novel, The Monkey King ( 1978), Mo illustrated the clash of values experienced by many Chinese in Hong Kong during the 1950s: those who felt the traditional Confucian social practices (li, tradition)


Coordinating the care of patients with chronic diseases is essential if we are to improve patient care, enhance population health, and reduce health care costs. Care coordination assists the patient's team of providers in making the right diagnostic and therapeutic choices, avoids duplication of services, and facilitates incorporating patient preferences regarding goals of care and socioeconomic determinants of health into the care plan.1


Within the forensics community, there is a growing interest in automatic biometric-based approaches for describing subjects in an image. By labeling scars, marks and tattoos, a collection of these discriminative attributes can be assigned to images and used to assist in large-scale person search and identification. Typically, the imagery considered in a forensics context consists to some degree of uncontrolled, unprofessionally generated photographs. Recent work has shown that it is quite feasible to detect scars and marks, as well as categorize tattoos, presuming that the source imagery is controlled in some manner. In this work, we introduce a new methodology for detecting and classifying scars, marks and tattoos found in unconstrained imagery typical of forensics scenarios. Novel approaches for initial feature detection and automatic segmentation are described. We also consider the "open set" nature of the classification problem, and describe an appropriate machine learning methodology that addresses it. An extensive series of experiments for representative unconstrained data is presented, highlighting the effectiveness of our approach for images found "in the wild".


Quantum electrodynamics in $1+1$ dimensions (Schwinger model) on an interval admits lattice discretization with a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, and is often used as a testbed for quantum and tensor network simulations. In this work we clarify the precise mapping between the boundary conditions in the continuum and lattice theories. In particular we show that the conventional Gauss law constraint commonly used in simulations induces a strong boundary effect on the charge density, reflecting the appearance of fractionalized charges. Further, we obtain by bosonization a number of exact analytic results for local observables in the massless Schwinger model. We compare these analytic results with the simulation results obtained by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method and find excellent agreements.


This paper presents blind estimation methods for timing and frequency offset in polynomial cancellation coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PCC-OFDM) systems. The estimations are carried out in the frequency domain. The correct timing point is calculated by maximizing a timing metric and the frequency offset estimate is obtained by using pairs of demodulated subcarriers at the fast Fourier transform (FFT) output. No training symbols, pilot tones or cyclic prefix extensions are required. The methods can also be used in OFDM, however a training symbol is required.


The redundancy of an existing bridge can only be correctly assessed by considering the full superstructure as a single entity. Any formulation based on the analysis of bridge components as separate units will lead to erroneous results. With the implementation of load and resistance factor design (LRFD) approach into the AASHTO Bridge Design Specification procedures are available that account, to a limited degree, for load redistribution in some bridges. The scope of this paper is much broader in that 3D finite element analysis will be used to model bridge behavior, and a dependable prediction of bridge redundancy when damage occurs to various members is proposed. Such information will assist in establishing bridge inspection and repair strategies. A numerical example is presented for the purpose of illustration.


Hydrodynamical evolution of a collapsing stellar core is followed to test the influence of general relativity and of softening effects in the equation of state. The general relativistic treatment of the collapse does not show any spectacular deviation from the Newtonian treatment. In particular there is no indication within the standard scenario for potential barrier penetration and continued collapse to a black hole. In the case of strong electron capture during the collapse the nuclear matter equation of state is of importance. A softening according to a phase transition below the bounce density is found to reduce the shock strength, but the shock is strong enough to cause the usual blowing-off.


The shortage of water resources is common in causing many cities' water demand over its supply,while traditional calculation methods for network are unsatisfactory in results.This paper puts forward a new method of theoretic calculation pondering the random changes of nodal flow being determined by pressures,which can reach solutions with nodal flow and pressure,and computational example are induced showing the correctness and applicability of the method.The new method resolves the problem of hydraulic calculation with unknown nodal flow.


The quantum states with discrete and continuous spectrum for the damped harmonic oscillator perturbed by a singularity have been investigated using invariant operator and unitary operator together. The eigenvalue of the invariant operator for ω0≤β/2 is continuous while for ω0>β/2 is discrete. The wave functions for ω0=β/2 expressed in terms of the Bessel function and for ω0<β/2 in terms of the Kummer confluent hypergeometric function. The convergence of the probability density is more rapid for over-damped harmonic oscillator than that of the other two cases due to the large damping constant.


The author to make full use of land and space,reduce land barren,shorten harvest waiting period,rise cultivate benefit perspective,Selected walnut-Peony-Prunella stereoscopic intercropping patterns.Elaborated living habits of walnut,peony,Prunella,market value and development prospects,Introduced the intercropping pattern of construction technology,and analyzes its economic,social and ecological benefits.The model fit for the local natural,economic and social conditions,realizes the combination of length,with short raise grows,with high efficiency,is the development of under forest economy better Intercropping Patterns.


Browse an alphabetical list of subjects in Acumen, UA Libraries' digital archives. Browse subjects in Acumen that begin with the letter B.


Polynomial FIR predictors are generalized to include also the prediction of sinusoidal signals. A general optimization method is presented for optimizing these predictors, which gives optimal FIR predictors with respect to the noise gain, the autocorrelation matrix of additive noise and frequency response as special cases.


34-year-old woman with a mastoid cyst that was found after workup for malaise and a palpable neck lymph node. The histology of the cysts in all these cases was only keratohyaline or epithelial tissue without any evidence of skin appendages. Although it is possible that the skin appendages were destroyed by pressure, it is more likely that the disorder in all these patients represents a separate entity of mastoid and middle ear cyst that is distinct from the dermoid cyst. Because of the few patients reported, little generalization has been made about the presentation of dermoids of the mastoid and middle ear. The age of presentation has ranged from 12 to 67. No sex preponderance has been noted. Symptoms have ranged from an asymptomatic enlarging mass to a draining ear to a possible glomus tumor. Our patient was unique in several respects. This appears to be the youngest patient with a histologically confirmed dermoid cyst of the middle ear and mastoid. As would be expected from almost complete eustachian tube obstruction, the initial symptoms evolved in conjunction with recurrent episodes of otitis media. The initial biopsy, as well as the CT scan, were both consistent with a soft tissue mass in the middle ear. A cholesteatoma, whether congenital or acquired, was the initial consideration. It was not until histologic evidence of epidermis as well as skin appendages (hair) was noted that the final diagnosis of dermoid was made. Treatment for all patients has been complete surgical excision. The cysts are benign in nature, but, as with otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery


Abstract Three samples from the Mud Tank Carbonatite have very similar isotopic ratios, averaging δ13C=‐4.3 and δ18O=+7.5(SMOW). These isotope values are distinct from those of nearby highly metamorphosed Carpentarian marbles, which have marine limestone values of δ13C=‐1.3±0.5, and δ18O=+17.6+0.7 with n=11. Minor variations in the values for the normal marbles show no correlation with stratigraphy or geographic location; however, somewhat lighter oxygen is found in some other marbles known to be affected by low‐temperature fluids within the Woolanga Lineament. Isotopes of C and O, if discretely used in conjunction with other geochemical features, not only may discriminate between deep‐seated carbona‐tites and marbles, but may also help to identify zones of carbonate metasomatism and define the isotopic characters of the fluids.


Abstract The first sentence in a textbook dealing with photogrammetry may give the following definition: "Photogrammetry may be defined as the technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects through the process of recording and measuring photographic images." If this physical object is the surface of the earth, photogrammetry can be considered as a tool of surveying. In that case, photogrammetry is a part of geodesy, whose principal task is the determination of the shape of the earth and its field of gravitation. Up to the present, we have been accustomed to associating the different tasks in surveying either with what we would call conventional terrestrial methods or with photogrammetry:


In the pilot-based channel estimations, a large number of pilot signals enable an improvement in the channel estimation accuracy but force a decrease in the data transmission efficiency. Therefore, the pilot pattern design schemes on the resource grid have been researched to achieve high channel estimation accuracy with a small number of pilot signals. In the conventional scheme for pilot pattern design, the autoencoder which enables discrete feature selection is utilized to design pilot patterns for Vehicular-A channels. However, the pilot pattern for other channels is not reported, and it is not clear whether this scheme has good performance compared to uniform pilot patterns. In this paper, we derive the pilot patterns for Clustered Delay Line (CDL) channels specified in the 5th Generation Mobile Communication System (5G) standard using the autoencoder-based pilot pattern design scheme. We also derive the pilot patterns for CDL-A and CDL-D, which model respectively NLOS (Non-Line-of-Sight) and LOS (Line-of-Sight) environments, with different three speeds of User Equipment (UE). Through computer simulation, we show that the autoencoder-based pilot patterns improve the channel estimation accuracy compared to the uniform pilot pattern.


The following article thoroughly analyzes communicative and stylistic aspects of the syntactic category of homogeneity in scientific and technical texts. It is mentioned that the notion of homogeneity in the development of the theory of descriptive grammar has undergone various interpretations. To find out the communicative potential of one-member complex sentences the category of homogeneity is described from the position of its use in a scientific text. Typization of homogeneous set is considered on the basis of the following features: semantic, lexical-grammatical, positional, stylistic and communicative. Functional explanation of the predicate complication texts predetermines a certain syntactic division in which syntactically homogeneous sentences are represented in the "divided" sentences. The essence of integrity of the components of homogeneous set which depends on the nature of its distribution is determined on the materials of modern scientific and technical texts. The most significant characteristic of homogeneity is functional equivalence of the elements of a set, grammatical independence from each other. This characteristic has its own representation in the coordinate relationship externally expressed by either special unifying intonation or conjunction together with the intonation. In the process of scientific and technical texts analysis it was defined that the functional type of complication of one-member sentences by homogeneous predicates in scientific style of Ukrainian language is mainly syntactically homogeneous predicates. It is shown that syntactic organization coincides with the function of scientific thinking aimed at world perception through logical comprehension by understanding and transformation of the facts into semantic categories.


A new method has been empolyed to measure the double\|differential neutron emission cross section in the incident neutron energy region of 8\_13MeV. An atypical fast neutron time\|of\|flight spectrometer, located at the HI\|13 tandem accelerator is used to solve the problem of source break\|up neutron interference in secondary neutron spectra measurement.


Empirical research shows that stock market returns distributions can be asymmetric and the auto-correlations of its absolute returns are stronger than that of its squared returns. An asymmetric returns distribution means that the left and right tails would have different thickness, whereas higher auto-correlation of absolute returns implies that better volatility forecasts are possible. This has significant economic implication for risk management that requires accurate estimation of Value-at-Risk (VaR). In this paper, we therefore investigate the performance of VaR models that take into consideration of the skewness of the innovation process and utilize the Box-Cox transformation of conditional variance in a flexible ARCH-type model. Specificaly, we use the Asymmetric Power Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (APARCH) model based on the skewed Student density to model the VaRs of daily returns of those Asian markets found to exhibit both skewness and kurtosis in the innovation process. We apply the likelihood ratio tests of proportional failure rates to such VaR model and compare the results with other VaR models, in particular, APARCH with symmetric distributions and APARCH with skewed Student distributions. It is found that the APARCH model with skewed Student distribution performs the best for the Asian markets considered.


In this paper we present a new scheme to compress still grayscale images based on iterated function system (IFS) employing a quadtree partitioning structure with adaptive threshold. In our approach, the threshold between levels is set according to the features of each range block. Thus the encoding process can adapt to the input image in partitioning. Computer simulation shows that the adaptive threshold IFS is more adaptive than the conventional IFS encoding scheme, and it is more convenient in practice.


The control of oesophageal acid exposure through gastric acid inhibition, as the basis for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment, arose from the apparent pH dependency of erosive oesophagitis and relationship to GERD symptoms.


This paper is concerned with the interpretation of isostatic recovery data in terms of the flow properties of the earth's mantle. A hydrodynamic analysis is first presented that allows straightforward calculation of the relaxation time for isostatic recovery within a mantle in which the viscosity varies continuously with depth. However, it transpires that no curve of this type (i.e., choice of a reference viscosity and a rate of change of viscosity with depth) can of itself adequately explain the available observational data from the Fennoscandian and Laurentide ice sheets and the pluvial Lake Bonneville. Proceeding onward it is then demonstrated that the strain rates within such flows are in fact greater than the critical strain rate envisaged by Weertman (1970) in his theoretical rheological model of the mantle. Below this critical value, diffusion creep is the dominant flow process, and the flow can be modeled by a Newtonian viscosity. But above this value, dislocation glide takes over, and the viscosity exhibits a decrease with increasing strain rate. This feature is then incorporated into the theoretical model, and the isostatic recovery data are interpreted in such a way as to provide experimental values of the strain rate dependent viscosity that can be compared with the values in Weertman's rheological model. It is demonstrated that the data become most self-consistent and exhibit the most satisfactory agreement with Weertman's model when the increase of mantle viscosity with depth is given roughly by exp (5 × 10^(−4)z), where z is the depth in kilometers. Thus in addition, the analysis would appear to provide some verification of Weertman's model of the mantle flow properties. It is further demonstrated that the much larger increase of viscosity with depth predicted by McConnell (1968) and others from previous analyses of isostatic recovery data is an artifice induced by the nature of such flows in which the strain rate decreases with depth; this led to an apparent increase of viscosity that is much larger than the actual variation.


Electrochemical water splitting is one of the most efficient technologies for hydrogen production and fabrication of low-cost, robust, and highly active electrocatalysts. It is attractive because replacing noble metal-based materials is a key issue in current catalysis research. By using H₂ plasma treatment, the TiO₂/nickel foam composite is converted to be an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst toward both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the alkaline electrolyte. The investigation reveals the existence of abundant oxygen vacancies of TiO₂, which might lead to the dramatic improvement of electrical conductivity and faster charge transfer rate; also, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the oxygen vacancies activate surrounding surface lattice oxygen to induce favorable reactive-intermediate adsorption energy of TiO₂ for hydrogen evolution and adjust the strength of the chemical bonds between the TiO₂ surface and reactive intermediates to more favorable values, inducing a lower energy barrier for oxygen evolution. The finding confers a unique function to TiO₂ that is different from its widely accepted role as an electrocatalytically inert semiconductor material, suggesting the H₂ plasma treated TiO₂/nickel foam could be a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.


Objectives To investigate the status of the tobacco control during Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade and people's tobacco control behavior in public in Shenzhen,and provide new recommendations for tobacco control. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in twelve areas with large flow of people in Shenzhen City,utilizing a sample of 636citizens.Results 80.43%of the citizens had the positive attitude towards the present atmosphere of tobacco control.53.78% of the citizens thought the present social surroundings was preferable. Compared with the situation before the start of Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade,38.94%of the citizens thought there were more publicity data or the logo of tobacco control,and 36.96% thought campaign increased,33.85% thought less people smoked,32.92%thought the behaviour of dissuade increased.Conclusions The work of tobacco control during Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade obtained obvious effect,but there existed some gap to the WHO"Framework Convention on Tabacco control".To improve the tobacco control,the government and society should input more and pay closer attention.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This dissertation work covers the Design, Analysis and Manufacturing of a Set of Two Stage Tools for the Panel Pack Outer Rare Floorn of an automobile component. The customer gave the component drawing it involves the press operations like Drawing, Trimming, Piercing and Flange, Re-strike respectively. Considering the size of operations in the component and the production volume we decided for a set of two stage tools. The alternative is a progressive tool which is not practical in this project because a large number of operations are required and difficult to control the dimensions and movement of the strip at subsequent operations in progressive die. It was decided to go for two stage tools. Covering the press operations like Drawing, Trimming & Piercing and Flange & Re-strike operations are performed by a set of two separate stage tools required such as Drawing tool and Gang tool. The First stage of drawing operation takes place in drawing tool and Second stage of Trimming & Piercing and Flange & Re-strike operations are simultaneously takes place in Gang Tool respectively.


People with diabetes have longer hospital stays and poorer clinical outcomes. Diabetes inpatient specialist nurses have been introduced to improve care.


Bearings-only target motion analysis with fusion of heterogeneous passive sensors with and without propagation delay attempts to estimate a target trajectory by fusing bearings from two sensors: a sensor whose measurements have negligible propagation delay and a sensor with measurements that have non-negligible propagation delay. This problem is highly nonlinear and challenging, particularly due to the fact that the propagation delay is unknown and is highly coupled with the unknown target states. This paper proposes a novel closed-form instrumental variable based batch estimator for this problem that is computationally fast. The estimator is derived by writing pseudolinear type equations for the error vector—difference between the true target state and a nominal solution. A theoretical bias and mean square error analysis of the proposed estimator is carried out which provides insight into the performance of this estimator. Results indicate that this is a computationally efficient algorithm that is able to produce comparable performance to the maximum likelihood estimator and achieves the Cramer Rao lower bound.


leges the student is generally admitted as a freshman to a teacher preparation curriculum; in universities and state colleges, the freshman may be admitted at once into a curriculum for prospective teachers, being officially enrolled in a school, college, or department of education, or he may be admitted to the institution generally, and assigned for the junior-college period to some program in general education or to a pre-teaching curriculum in a college of liberal arts. In both cases, the student may be required to clear one or more hurdles after original admission before he is accepted


D.D. Milašinović1 P. Marić2 Ž. Živanov2 M. Hajduković2 UDK: 624.042.3.072.31 DOI: 10.14415/konferencijaGFS2019.036 Summary: The inelastic buckling, free vibration and damage of prismatic thin-walled columns, considering two sources of non-linearity (geometrical non-linearity due to large deflection and material non-linearity due to inelastic behaviour), are analysed by implementing the semi-analytical finite strip method (FSM). A very basic continuum damage model with one damage parameter is implemented in conjunction with a mathematical material modelling approach named rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) in order to address stiffness reduction due to inelastic behaviour. The RDA is a type of inelastic analysis, which transforms one category of very complicated material non-linear problems to simpler linear dynamical problems using modal analysis. The effective stress, as defined in the damage mechanics, is used in this paper. An analysis of damaged composite thin-walled wide-flange columns made of a polymer resin, which is reinforced with fibrous material, is carried out. Numerical examples computed by application of extensive hybrid parallelization present the influence of mode interactions on the damage variables and effective stresses in thin-walled columns.


ABSTRACT A mutant derived from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 was isolated from a screen for genes involved in the response to DNA damage. This derivative has an insertion in the mpl gene which encodes a peptidoglycan-recycling protein. We demonstrate that the insertion renders cells sensitive to mitomycin C and to UV.


Aim: The aim of the study is to note the variation in course of right hepatic artery Case report: Variations in the arterial supply of extrahepatic biliary apparatus are known to exist. In a study done on 30 cadavers at Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India, during the period 2011–2012, it was found that a variant course of right hepatic artery forming a caterpillar hump (Moynihan's hump) on the undersurface of liver, before entering the porta hepatis. Conclusion: Tortuosity of the artery may make it prone to injuries during surgical procedures including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, liver transplantation, etc., if due care is not taken.


Help on how to access and use the ebooks that we order for your course, and also our large ebook database subscription. (EBSCO Academic Collection)


This paper proposes the design and implementation of a Web site to guide theory and practice to researchers of Medical Sciences in the contents of Statistics. So teachers will have a material support for the delivery of
teaching of the subject Biostatistics and allow students to practice collecting and assessing information about different situations in different stages of their research.
Used surveys to students, teachers and health professionals in order to meet their challenges and needs regarding
issues of Statistics and the qualitative interview with a diagnostic character used to meet the criteria for subject
teachers and professional Biostatistics health with experience in investigative work in terms of needs in the areas
of statistics and errors regarding the use of it in the investigative process.


The goal of this thesis is to move a step towards the solution of the bin picking problem. A novel metamorphic end effector is proposed, tested for proof of concept and analyzed using standard techniques of degrees of freedom and graph theory as well as a classical dynamic analysis. Once proof of concept was achieved, the results from the analysis were formed into an optimization program with the hope of finding a more stable, predictable mechanism.


It seems as though there has never been such a widespread attempt as today to foist on an unsuspecting and trusting public all sorts of alleged physical cure-alls to relieve people's ills and to keep them in health. Prominent among these panaceas is the exploitation of ultraviolet and infra-red rays. The mere mention of "infra-red rays" creates in the mind of many persons a feeling that this is something new and mysterious that they have missed, when, as a matter of fact, it is difficult to think of a warm object that does not emit infra-red rays. When an object is heated to a higher temperature than its surroundings, an excess of infra-red rays passes from it to the surrounding objects. Examples of sources of infra-red rays are arc lamps, incandescent lamps, coal fires, steam pipes and hot stoves. Because of their low temperature, the infra-red rays emitted by hot


Many long-term workers in the Westem Australia mineral sands industry have chronically inhaled significant levels of thorium ore dust. As industry air sampling records are only reliable since 1986, a retrospective assessment to the 1960s has been made of activity inhaled by these workers. Gravimetric dust sampling data since the mid-1970s are reviewed and inhaled activity derived assuming an estimated dust specific activity. Pre-1977 intakes are derived by considering site specific monazite production levels, or monazite content of heavy mineral feed, and by reviewing the inspectorate's historical ventilation summaries. Broad assignments of inhaled activity are made for dry plant operators and other workers at each site. The retrospective assessment results in some operators being assigned average annual intakes up to 10,000 Bq, which implies annual committed effective doses well in excess of 50 mSv. These crude estimates are broadly consistent with intakes derived from thorium lung burden measurements.


This study was designed to evaluate the ability of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus to adhere on the buccalis epithelial cells of monkey and human. Two Streptococcuses equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from monkey (K6.73) and human (M6) were used in this study. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus K6.73 formed large and mucoid colonies in the blood agar, grew as granular sediment with clear supernatant in the fluid medium and had hydrophobic surface by hexadecane test. The M6 strain formed small and rough colonies in the blood agar, grew with uniform turbidity in the fluid medium and had hydrophilic surface. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus M6 human strain adhered in higher number to epithelial cells isolated from mouth pouches of both monkey and human than K6.73 monkey strain.


Copyright is held by the authors. Submitted to CHI 2010 (Extended Abstracts), April 10–15, 2010. Atlanta, GA, USA Abstract Storyboarding is a low-fidelity prototyping technique with large acceptance among User-Centered Design (UCD) adopters. We argue that interaction design could benefit from a model of interaction bound to interface sketches commonly used at storyboards. In our proposal, the designer first models the interaction using the Modeling Language for Interaction as Conversation (MoLIC), and then relates it to an execution model in which states are associated with user interface sketches. MoLIC reduces the gap identified in using common HCI representations such as scenarios, task models, and storyboards, encouraging designers to structure and represent mechanisms for interaction breakdown recovery. It can also help to evaluate the design's consistency and comprehensiveness, aiming to support design decisions that might otherwise be hard to represent.


The rare cutaneous manifestation of late syphilis first accurately described by Fournier 1 under the name of "erytheme circine tertiaire," has been reported in about fifty cases of acquired syphilis. F. Combes 2 recently reported the condition in acquired syphilis, with histologic observations and a full review of the literature. Review of the available literature reveals no report of this type of eruption occurring as a manifestation of congenital syphilis. The eruption, as emphasized by Fournier, is a late (tertiary) manifestation, and has no relation to the early annular macular and annular papular eruptions not infrequently observed in recently acquired syphilis. Unna 3 studied the condition extensively, and this rare eruption of late syphilis is usually known as the neurosyphilid of Unna. The name, neurosyphilid, is probably inappropriate, as evidence (clinical or serologic) of syphilis of the central nervous system is often lacking. The lesions of erytheme circine tertiaire, or


Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is among the hardest network problems. Among several countermeasures, packet marking scheme is promising. In these schemes, every router marks a passing packet with a probability, so that the convergence time for an attacking path can be achieved in little time, and the attack can be found in attack path reconstruction using IP traceback. In this paper, a new non-preemptive packet marking scheme (NPM) is given, which reduces the convergence time and false positive rate, and takes lower network and router overhead


Genetic parameters of milk, fat, and protein yields were estimated in the
 first lactation of Holstein dairy cattle. The records were collected during
 the period 2006 to 2011 and analyzed fitting the random regression model.
 The data included 41178, 25397 and 18716 test-day records of milk, fat and
 protein yields, respectively that produced by 4746, 3437 and 2525 cows
 respectively. Fixed effects in model included herd-year-month of test day
 and age-season of calving. The fixed and random regressions were modeled
 with normalized Legendre polynomials and (co)variance components were
 estimated by Bayesian method and Gibbs sampling was used to obtain posterior
 distributions. Estimates of heritability for milk, fat and protein yields
 ranged from 0.18 to 0.26; 0.06 to 0.11 and 0.09 to 0.22, respectively.
 Heritabilities for 305-d milk, fat and protein yields were 0.36, 0.23 and
 0.29, respectively. For milk and protein yields, heritabilities were lower
 at the early of lactation due to the trends of lower additive genetic
 variance, higher permanent environmental variance. Genetic correlations for
 milk, fat and protein yields ranged from 0.14 to 1.00; 0.39 to 1.00 and 0.27
 to 1.00, respectively. Ranges of estimated breeding values for 305-d yield
 of milk, fat and protein yields were from -1194.48 to 1412.44; -210.57 to
 271.22 and -194.08 to 203.25, respectively. According to the results of this
 study, random regression model seems to be a flexible and reliable procedure
 for the genetic evaluation of milk production traits and it can be useful in
 the breeding programs for Iranian dairy cattle.


The Hamiltonian gyrofluid model recently derived by Waelbroeck et al. [Phys. Plasmas 16, 032109 (2009)] is used to investigate nonlinear collisionless reconnection with a strong guide field by means of numerical simulations. Finite ion Larmor radius gives rise to a cascade of the electrostatic potential to scales below both the ion gyroradius and the electron skin depth. This cascade is similar to that observed previously for the density and current in models with cold ions. In addition to density cavities, the cascades create electron beams at scales below the ion gyroradius. The presence of finite ion temperature is seen to modify, inside the magnetic island, the distribution of the velocity fields that advect two Lagrangian invariants of the system. As a consequence, the fine structure in the electron density is confined to a layer surrounding the separatrix. Finite ion Larmor radius effects produce also a different partition between the electron thermal, potential, and kinetic energy, with respect to the cold-ion case. Other aspects of the dynamics such as the reconnection rate and the stability against Kelvin-Helmholtz modes are similar to simulations with finite electron compressibility but cold ions.


An integrated sequence-stratigraphic framework has been constructed for three lacustrine oil shale intervals in the Green River Formation of southwestern Wyoming. The framework was developed by integrating parasequences and parasequence stacking patterns identified in core and outcrop, with well logs, seismic geometries and seismic facies. Because base level in lacustrine environments is directly related to rainfall rather than eustasy, the development of facies assemblages within each systems tract of lacustrine depositional sequences, as well as the geometrices of stratal units, differ from the traditional marine model. Recognition of these differences resulted in the development of two idealized depositional sequence models, one each for arid and humid climates.


The impact of forest skidding machine tires on the soil differs depending on topography, soil properties, and type of the wheel system. The development of a mathematical model describing the entire dynamic process is a challenging but relevant task to assess the level of impact. The work aims mathematical modeling of the impact caused by the skidding system on the forest soil employing Kelvin-Voigt theory with additional elastic element and Laplace transform equations. A dynamic model represents the "tractor–timber bundle– soil" system. According to the results of mathematical modeling, it was found that studying the vertical vibrations and vibrations of sprung mass in longitudinal and transverse planes is sufficient for examining dynamic soil compaction. Developed methods of statistical dynamics with the presentation of the track surface microroughness and the theory of linear elastic and viscous soil deformation showed that each pass of the skidding system is ac-companied by additional dynamic soil compaction. Its maximum value depends on the properties of the soil and skidding system, as well as on the presence of resonant zones in the frequency spectrum. The results of these studies provide an opportunity to predict the exposure level of skidders and establish new solutions to minimize negative consequences for the environment and productivity of the forest industry.


Objective Pancreaticoduodenectomy has been used for curing a variety of benign andmalignant diseases of periampullary region. Since it has been firstly introduced by Wipple,this proce-dure has been associated with high morbidity. We reviewed 146 consecutive patients undergoing pan-ereaticoduodenectomy,examined the type and severity of complications and explored their related fac-tors. Methods Between January 2000 and December 2006,146 consecutive curative pancreaticoduode-nectomies were performed in our hospital for various diseases of periamputlary region. We studied thecases retrospectively, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression model to identify the risk fac-tors related to occurrence of postoperative complications. Results Postoperative morbidity was 54.1(79/146) ,mortality 4.79% (6/146) and reoperation rate 2.73% (4/146). Age>70 was a risk factordetermining non-surgical site complications (P=0. 001). The amount of intra-operative blood loss o-ver 600ml and soft pancreatic texture were more risky for total postoperative complications and surgi-cal site complications. Delayed gastric emptying and pancreatic fistula were the most common surgical site complications with occurring rate of 23.3% and 19.9%,respectively. DGE occurrence of PPPD(35.7%) was higher than that of SPD (18.3%) significantly (P= 0. 031). Mortality related to pan-creatic fistula was 10.3% (3/29). Pancreatic-enteric anastomosis, pancreatic duct diameter and pan-creatic texture had effects on postoperative pancreatic fistula statistically. Pancreatic-enteric anastomo-sis was an independent variable for pancreatic fistula. Neither the use of prophylactic octreotide nor preoperative biliary drainage improved postoperative outcome. Conclusion Age determines non-surgi-cal site complication rate following pancreaticoduodenectomy,which implies the more attention should be paid on the evaluation and monitoring of cardiopulmonary functions. The amount of intra-operativeblood loss and pancreatic texture are independent risk factors for total postoperative complications and surgical site complications. Jejunostomy should be undergone in PPPD to provide enteral nutrition postoperatively. Pancreatic-enteric anastomosis should be decided on pancreatic duct diameter. Preop-erative biliary drainage doesn't improve postoperative outcome.

Key words:
Postoperative complication;  Pancreaticoduodenectomy;  Risk factor


The recent theoretical emphasis in the voting literature has shifted from sociological and psychological perspectives which characterize voting as a form of quasi-deterministic behaviour to perspectives focusing on the electorate's rationality.' The traditional school of thought on rationality viewed voters' competence negatively but a revisionist approach maintained that when parties take positions on the major issues, voters' decisions may well be rational. They vote for the candidate closest to them on the issues because they perceive greater benefits from such a vote.2 Budge and Farlie provide an important issue-based theory of explaining elections which modified rational-choice theory.3 Political parties do not compete with each other by debating directly on focused issues; rather each party tries to make its own areas of concern most prominent. This is different from the rational-choice notion of parties confronting each other with different policies on the same issues. Most types of issues were generally perceived as belonging to a particular party; for example, the expansion of welfare is associated with socialist parties and law-and-order issues with bourgeois parties. The political parties are perceived as devoting most of their attention to the types of issues that favour themselves. Budge and Farlie argue that in order to achieve a maximum overall vote, major parties should attempt to make foreign relationships, candidate evaluations and government record favourable to themselves. These three issue groupings are 'erratic' because no one party can claim them; rather each issue may favour one party at a particular time but later favour a different party.


AbstractTwo similar grades of austenitic stainless steel (317 L and 317 LM) were welded and their corrosion behaviour noted potentiostatically. It was found that, because of its higher Mo content, 317LM exhibited less active current densities and passive ranges than 317L when the heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructures were examined. This finding held good for a range of δ–ferrite contents representing the whole width of the HAZ. In the weld bead, however, the behaviour of both materials was essentially similar. Electron optical studies were performed on polarized samples and it was found that in both HAZ and weld bead regions there was a distinct Mo denudation zone at the δ/γ boundary. It was found that in HAZ material the reduction of Mo was associated with the production of very small particles on the δ/γ grain boundary, believed to be metallic (mainly Mo) carbides. From these findings it was concluded that it is unwise to discuss the corrosion resistance of welded austenitic stainless steels without ...


Merang mushroom and tiram mushrooms are perisable agricultural products. Processing mushrooms into flour is one of the intermediate products that have a wider use value, such as for meatballs, nuggets, and flavorings natural. The purpose of these research was to evaluate the physicochemycal characteristics of paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) flour with variation of blanching treatment. Physical characteristics included rendemen, color and degree of white, and bulk density. Chemical characteristics included water content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and dissolved proteins content. The results showed that physical characters for rendement, color, and white degree were the highest value on tiram mushroom flour without blansing. The bulk density of mushroom flour was no significant of difference. Tiram mushroom flour without blansing contained the highest content of water (9.09%), ash (2.79% db), protein (43.69% db) and fat (2.33% db). Blanced merang mushroom flour contained the highest content of carbohydrate (67.74% db) and protein (19.34% db).
Keywords: blanching, mushroom flour, oyster mushroom, paddy straw mushroom


The feature article "Examining the scientific consensus on climate change," by Peter Doran and Maggie Kendall Zimmerman (see Eos, 90(3), 20 January 2009), while interesting, has a primary flaw that calls their interpretation into question. In their opening sentence, the authors state that on the basis of polling data, "47% [of Americans] think climate scientists agree… that human activities are a major cause of that [global] warming…." They then described the two-question survey they had posed to a large group of Earth scientists and scientifically literate (I presume) people in related fields. While the polled group is important, in any poll the questions are critical. My point revolves around their question 2, to wit, "Do you think human activity is a significant contributing factor in changing mean global temperatures?" Note that the opening sentence of their article uses the phrase "major cause" in reporting the results of the polling, while the poll itself used the phrase "significant contributing factor." There is a large difference between these two phrases.


Thermal interaction between titanium feedstock powder and the thermal plasma is calculated using the developed numerical model for an inductively coupled thermal plasma (ICTP) with particle injection. The interaction between titanium powder and thermal plasmas is very important for the stable establishment of the ICTP and effective heating and evaporation of the injected particles, for example, for particle synthesis. The injected particles are heated by the thermal plasma and they melt and evaporate, contaminating the plasma and thus affecting its properties. The developed numerical model solves the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations of thermal plasmas as well as the mass transport equation for the evaporated materials. In addition, particle motions are derived by solving the Lagrange equation of motion. The temperature distribution inside the particles and the phase transition from solid, through liquid, to gas of the particles are also taken into account. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to show the influence of the important physical parameters such as input power, sheath gas flow rate, and Ti powder feed rate. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Abstract This article provides a first systematic mapping of politically influential shrines across Pakistani Punjab by identifying shrine-related families that have directly participated in elections since 1937. One of the earliest entrants in the politics of pre-partition Punjab, shrine elites (pīrs) have shown remarkable persistence in electoral politics post independence. We find striking long-run continuities in the initial configuration of religion, land, and politics fostered during colonial rule and embodied in political shrines. Exploring possible mechanisms of this persistence, we emphasize the role of shifting political alliances, repeated military interventions, marital ties among shrine elites, and preservation of political brokerage. Defined by their privileged 'origins and associations' and organized as a group with a strong sense of solidarity around protecting common interests, the pīrs are a key component of Punjab's power elite, the study of which is central to understanding the genesis and persistence of elites and institutions.


R. W. Abdul‐Karim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, N.Y., USA). The clinical significance of deviations in fetal growth.


Factors are discussed which must be considered if Pu is utilized as a replacement for, or supplement to, U/sup 235/ enrichment in fuel cycles. Plutonium value is defined, and factors which influence this value, and the role of Pu value in evaluating various fuel cycles are considered. The Pu value equations for nonbreeding reactors are formulated. A computer code, PUVE, was developed to take into account the variations of Pa value with Pu isotopic content. PUVE solutions for Pu value equations are described. (C.H.)


Granulocyte‐macrophage colony formation by C57BL bone marrow cells was initiated in agar cultures either by the granulocyte‐macrophage stimulus, GM‐CSF, or by the predominantly macrophage stimulus, M‐CSF. After 24 hours, paired daughter cells of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming cells (GM‐CFC) were separated by micromanipulation and one cultured in GM‐CSF, the other in M‐CSF. From the differentiation pattern of the resulting colonies, irreversible commitment of some cells occurred during the first 24 hours and completion of the first cell division. A similar result was obtained using granddaughter cells present after 24 hours of incubation. However, when intact developing day 2 and days 3 clones were cross‐transferred to GM‐CSF or M‐CSF recipient cultures, irreversible commitment was more obvious. Most M‐CSF‐initiated clones exhibited irreversible commitment to macrophage formation in GM‐CSF cultures and a high proportion of GM‐CSF‐initiated clones continued to produce granulocyte progeny after transfer to M‐CSF.


This Paper,from the aspect of commercial bank's developing of intellectual property pledge financing business on small and medium ST enterprises,discusses the objective setting of risk management,analyzes the influencing factors of financing risk,establishes the risk evaluation index system by AHP,and puts forward relevant suggestions on risk monitoring.


Access and equity are guiding principles for community care in Australia. Community care in Australia is universally provided through Australia's Medicare system, which assures all people access to needed services. The largest community care system, the Home and Community Care Program (HACC), serves frail older and disabled people. The HACC program is undergoing steady reform to provide more seamless transitions of care for people from home care to residential care whether permanent or for respite purposes. Community health services provide a wide range of center-based and outreach services that any person may access and that are provided on the basis of need. Nevertheless, pressures for greater privatization of services cause tensions, and access is jeopardized further by shortages, particularly in rural areas, of aged care nurses, allied health personnel, and medical practitioners.


Real world military and civilian training causes hundreds of lethal accidents each year around the world. Until now the reality has been impossible to replace in civilian and military training. But ...


The body composition of weight gain during insulin treatment is not well understood. A few studies have evaluated the effects of insulin therapy on body composition and fat distribution; however, the subjects receiving insulin therapy in these studies were patients who had failed treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of insulin monotherapy on body weight, body composition, fat distribution, blood pressure, lipid profile, and adipokine level in patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).


ABSTRACT/RESUME The main purpose of the present paper is to develop the scientific concept of citizenship. In this article, we present two recent research projects concerned with the simultaneous measure of the multiple dimensions of citizenship at the individual level and the identification of the relations and distinctions between them, one such study conducted on a sample of young Canadian citizens, the second on a Belgian sample composed of Belgian citizens and Turkish and Moroccan non-national residents of Belgium. Although their methodology differs considerably, both studies identified three core, theoretical dimensions that are remarkably similar and coincide with those discussed in related empirical studies and theoretical models: identity, social equality, and norms, and participation. Results reveal common tendencies, notably the possibility of a link between aspects of identity and participation, as well as variations suggesting that the relationship among variables is more complex than one might wish for in a citizenship model aspiring to universality. Although officials need to have access to a relatively clear definition of what citizenship encompasses, this implies a certain normalization of an ideal that might not reflect actual forms of citizenship present in the population. Such research can thus contribute to the development of public policies that relate the associated needs to forms of citizenship as these are experienced by ordinary citizens in their daily life. Le principal objectif de cet article est le developpement du concept scientifique de citoyennete. Nous presenterons deux projets de recherche recents visant a mesurer simultanement les multiples dimensions de la citoyennete individuelle et a identifier les relations et distinctions entre ces dimensions, l'un realise aupres de jeunes citoyens canadiens et le second aupres d'un echantillon belge compose de citoyens belges et de Turcs et Marocains residant en Belgique. Bien que leurs methodologies respectives different considerablement, les deux etudes ont identifie trois dimensions principales qui sont remarquablement similaires et coincident avec celles qu'on retrouve dans d'autres etudes empiriques et modeles theoriques : identite, egalite et normes sociales, et participation. Les resultats revelent des tendances communes, notamment la possibilite d'une lien entre les aspects identitaires et participatifs, de meme que des variations qui suggerent que la relation entre les variables est plus complexe que dans les modeles universels de citoyennete. Bien que les decideurs doivent avoir acces a une definition claire de ce que le concept de citoyennete recouvre, ceci implique une certaine nonnalisation d'un iddal qui ne correspond peut-etre pas aux formes de citoyennete presentes au sein de la population. De telles recherches peuvent donc contribuer au developpement de politiques publiques qui refletent les besoins associes aux formes de citoyennete vecues par les citoyens ordinaires dans leur vie quotidienne. INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this paper is to develop the scientific concept of citizenship. Social psychologists are accustomed to multidimensional concepts, their scope and dimensions being precisely circumscribed by factor analysis and by research data that also show how these dimensions are correlated. Although these dimensions can be considered to measure different constructs, their covariation reveals their relationship. Very few studies address the simultaneous measure of the multiple dimensions of citizenship at the individual level and the identification of the relations and distinctions between them. In this article, we present two such recent research projects, one conducted on a sample of young citizens in three Canadian provinces, the second on a Belgian sample composed of Belgian citizens and non-national Turkish and Moroccan residents of Belgium. We first review theoretical dimensions of citizenship and the comparability of the Canadian and Belgian contexts, and then present the two studies and their results. …


PURPOSE: A nano-silver thin film forming apparatus based on the deposition of nano-metallic silver is provided to uniformly form a nano silver thin film by spraying metallic silver of nano sizes by pre-set times on the entire surface of a substrate. CONSTITUTION: A processing booth(100) includes an inlet(110) and an outlet(120). A substrate enters through the inlet, and the substrate is discharged through the outlet. A transferring unit(200) is arranged at the lower side of the processing booth and transfers the substrate. A spraying unit(300) is arranged on the upper side of the processing booth and sprays a silver solution on the surface of the substrate. A moving unit(400) linearly moves the spraying unit. A rotating unit(500) rotates the substrate by being arranged at the lower side of the processing booth. A first door(130) and a second door(140) are installed at the inlet and the outlet of the processing booth. A temperature and humidity controlling unit and an exhausting unit are further installed for the processing booth.


The incompatibility of bismuth subnitrate with tragacanth mucilage has been reported in the literature. In this study, the phenomenon is discussed in terms of the chemical reaction that occurs between reactive bismuth sites on the bismuth subnitrate particle surface and the acidic groups of the D-galacturonic acid units of the complex acid polysaccharide present in the tragacanth gum.


Manufacturing honeycomb‐structured catalysts require a careful understanding of the microstructure of the solid substrate and its dependence on thermal‐processing conditions. Herein, it is the thermal responses of microcracks in an uncoated microcracked aluminum titanate honeycomb catalyst is investigated by analyzing the material's resonance frequency using the high‐temperature impulse excitation technique. The resonance frequencies are presented as Young's modulus values to avoid sample size effects. Dynamic Young's modulus measurements show closed‐loop hysteresis due to microcracks healing and reopening, causing a reversible response. The hysteresis is further used to understand microcracks' dependence on critical thermal‐processing conditions used in a catalyst manufacturing plant, including peak operating temperature (800–1000 °C), dwell period (1–3 h), and heating rates (1–5 °C min−1). Microcracks are observed to have two healing responses: instantaneous and delayed healing. Both responses significantly influence the design of catalyst manufacturing. Complete reopening of microcracks from their healing temperature (1150 °C) is a very time‐consuming process (50–60 h). However, it is shown in the analysis that microcrack relaxation is a critical phenomenon that must be considered in quality‐controlled environments.


With the development of Internet, online banking has become a development trend of Bank. It also provides more opportunity for the profits. The advantages of the online banking draw attentions from each bank. Its convenience is helpful to develop the bank markets, but also can improve the bank's financial service level. So each bank searches for more innovative financial products to pursue the market share. The SWOT analysis-based method on the internal and external environment provided the theoretical basis for online banking. The strategic analysis shows the research value and has certain practical significance.


This is a story about clinging on for dear life...

When you are hounded to the edge of the abyss, you will fall to your death


Nitric-oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence was used to visualize the flow in the wake of a Mars Science Laboratory entry capsule with activated reaction control system jets in NASA Langley Research Center's 31 in. Mach 10 air tunnel facility. Images were processed using the virtual diagnostics interface method, which brings out the three-dimensional nature of the flow visualization data while showing the relative location of the data with respect to the model. Comparison of wind-on and wind-off results illustrates the effect that the hypersonic crossflow has on the trajectory and structure of individual reaction control system jets. The visualization and comparison of both single and multiple activated jets indicate low levels of jet–jet interaction. Quantitative streamwise velocity was also obtained via molecular tagging velocimetry.


To assess the clinical and laboratory characteristics of SBP and the prognosis f actors for in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic We analyzed 68 cirrhotic patients with ascites who developed an episode of SBP during a 5-year periodin our hospit al.The clinical manifestations of SBP are mild and not fypical Diagnosis of SBP is mependent on the count of cell in ascitic fluid and ascitic fluid and bacteri al culture.The white blood cell cognt prothrombin time(20s),high serum total b ilirubin(≥60μmol/L)Child classification and complications can help predict the prognosis.Early diagnosis and treatment are keys to SBP.


The laboratory technique of analytical photocentrifugation is based on continuous measurement of spatially resolved light transmission profiles during centrifugation over the whole sample length. Evolution of light transmission profiles during phase separation induced by centrifugation (sedimentation, consolidation, creaming, etc.) provides direct information about sample stability and aggregation state without sample dilution. In addition, different methods of analysis are available in order to relate light transmission profiles evolution with sample properties (as particle size distribution, phase volume fraction, permeability and compressibility for particulate samples).
Commercially available analytical photocentrifuges (LUMiFuge and LUMiSizer, LUM GmbH) allow simultaneous automated analysis of up to twelve different samples in a single centrifuge run. They require small sample volume (up to 2 ml) and allow performing centrifugal filtration experiments (with special centrifugal filtration modules, LUM GmbH). This makes analytical photocentrifuges high throughput equipment for laboratory analysis of dispersion properties (including filterability in cake filtration and membrane ultrafiltration).
This paper aims at latest development of analytical photocentrifugation for
direct characterization of ultrafiltration of colloidal samples. It summarizes two recently proposed methods of centrifugal ultrafiltration (model, experimental protocols and data analyses). Common features of these methods are the small sample volume and simultaneous analysis of different samples.
Centrifugal ultrafiltration experiments were performed by the analytical photo-centrifuge LUMiSizer equipped with centrifugal filtration modules (LUM GmbH).
The applicability of analytical photocentrifugal ultrafiltration for characterization of colloids filterability and membranes fouling was demonstrated on example of aqueous bovine serum albumin solutions (0.05−0.9 wt.%) and laponite suspension (0.3 wt.%) using polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs (1−30 kDa). Analysis of centrifugal ultrafiltration curves allowed determination of fouled membrane resistance as well as pressure dependency of specific cake resistance of studied colloids.


In this work the authors solve the task of increasing the vertical and horizontal definition by two times and the arrangement of 3D perception of television (TV) images. The concept of improving the quality of the TV image, using an additional channel is considered when compatibility to the standard broadcast system is maintained. Such an approach creates the basis for the evolutionary transition to HDTV.


This paper argues that contemporary Chinese American literature is supposed to start from 1970s, and takes a turning point in the 1990s. The paper intends to make a brief study of Chinese American literature with te new concept of"emerging literature."Then it explores the reason why Chinese American literature has flourished since 1970s and concludes that Chinese American literature has already been in period of maturity.


: In parallel with the rapid increase in population all over the world, energy supply is also increasing. Situations such as limited energy resources, high energy costs, and environmental problems caused by emissions during energy production and consumption make it necessary to use energy efficiently. In this study, energy studies were carried out in a towel production facility in the textile sector in Bursa and 7 improvements were proposed to be implemented. These improvements are; insulation of jet machines, automatic control of steam boiler water level, collection of condensate returns, application of level control system in condensates, establishment of boiler feed water conditioning system, regulation of compressor suction air, ring line and installation revision. The application with the least amount of financial savings (3.141 TL/year) is the regulation of the compressor suction air and the highest application is the collection of the condensate returns with 175 . 583 TL/year. It was calculated that the reduction rates in CO 2 emissions will vary between 2.7 tons/year and 186 tons/year, and it has been concluded that the proposed improvements will benefit businesses in terms of both cost and environment.


The Pre-Caspian Basin is the major oil and gas basin in Kazakhstan. It contains huge hydrocarbon reserves within pre-salt carbonate deposits. There had been numerous discoveries of oil and gas-condensate fields associated with pre-salt carbonate complexes in the Eastern part of the Caspian Basin.
The object of this study is the second carbonate stratum (CS-II) of the Late Visean Early Moskovian age of the Eastern part of the Pre-Caspian Basin. The formation of the Eastern part of the Pre-Caspian Basin took place in the zone of the junction of the East European craton and folded structures of the Urals. These conditions predetermined the complexity of sedimentation processes, variety of lithological types of rocks and diagenesis processes with the formation of reservoir heterogeneity.
CS-II will retain the leading role as the main reservoir of hydrocarbons and it has further potential for oil exploration in the region for two to three decades. It has been proven by the discovery of large oil and gas-condensate fields in the CS-II, such as Zhanazhol, Urikhtau, Kozhasai, Alibekmola, etc.


Bereaved persons (n = 190) between the ages of 50 and 93 completed mailed and interview questionnaires at three time periods (3 weeks, 1 year and 2 years) following their spouses' death. The Mormons (73%) in the sample were compared with the others (27%) in terms of their social support networks and health, psychosocial functioning and other global measures of bereavement adjustment. The findings indicate that Mormons did not differ substantially from non-Mormons.


revised editions of reviews on corresponding fields of research expedient. Consequently, the second edition of In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function, edited by Ron Frostig, has been widely revised and extended. While the 2002 edition featured nine chapters, the present edition features 15 chapters, out of which nine are new and the remaining have been thoroughly revised. The individual chapters are written by experts on the respective fields and describe in a scientifically precise fashion the state of the art in optical imaging of brain functions on the live brain. It reviews the variety of available techniques used to image specific neural processes both in animal and human brains. Numerous novel techniques for non-invasive functional imaging have been developed over the last years and are described in theory, setup and their clinical application. This description also includes technical detail of both hardand software relevant for the implementation of the techniques under discussion. The list of novel chapters includes: voltage-sensitive dye imaging in awake behaving animals, imaging based on genetically encoded probes, imaging of mitochondrial autofluorescence, pH-sensitive dyes for functional mapping, modulated imaging, calcium imaging of neuronal activity using 2-photon microscopy and Fourier approach to optical imaging. While the presented in vivo techniques vary from micrometres to millimetres in spatial and from milliseconds to seconds in temporal resolution, they have in common the optical imaging aspect, meaning that non-optical techniques like for example positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) and magneto-encephalography (MEG) are not subject of this book. It has 472 numbered pages with numerous black and white figures and pictures plus a nice 16-page colour section in the middle. The overall production quality of the book is high, the very good paper deserves special mention. Each chapter has its own list of references to relevant scientific articles. The book has a common index which is extensive enough to be helpful. The typical readership of this book will be advanced graduate and postgraduate researchers in the fields of neuroscience, neurology and cognitive sciences. It is helpful and interesting both for experts who work on the development and implementation of related imaging techniques and for users who desire to understand the foundations of the existing techniques. It provides a very good review of the field and deserves recommendation.


We introduce a higher rank analog of the Pandharipande-Thomas theory of stable pairs on a Calabi-Yau threefold $X$. More precisely, we develop a moduli theory for frozen triples given by the data $O^r(-n)\rightarrow F$ where $F$ is a sheaf of pure dimension 1. The moduli space of such objects does not naturally determine an enumerative theory: that is, it does not naturally possess a perfect symmetric obstruction theory. Instead, we build a zero-dimensional virtual fundamental class by hand, by truncating a deformation-obstruction theory coming from the moduli of objects in the derived category of $X$. This yields the first deformation-theoretic construction of a higher-rank enumerative theory for Calabi-Yau threefolds. We calculate this enumerative theory for local $\mathbb{P}^1$ using the Graber-Pandharipande virtual localization technique.


In this paper, a general design approach based on the concept of `Control Equilibrium Point' is proposed to derive the feedforward control law in feedback-feedforward control systems. The feedback controller generates the transient control command and the feedforward controller generates the steady state command. In order to reduce the reliance on the mathematical model of the system, an artificial neural network, independent of the mathematical model of the system, is designed as the base of the feedforward control law.


Spiking neural network (SNN) plays an essential role in classification problems. Although there are many models of SNN, Evolving Spiking Neural Network (ESNN) is widely used in many recent research works. Evolutionary algorithms, mainly differential evolution (DE) have been used for enhancing ESNN algorithm. However, many realworld optimization problems include several contradictory objectives. Rather than single optimization, Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) can be utilized as a set of optimal solutions to solve these problems. In this paper, Harmony Search (HS) and memetic approach was used to improve the performance of MOO with ESNN. Consequently, Memetic Harmony Search Multi-Objective Differential Evolution with Evolving Spiking Neural Network (MEHSMODEESNN) was applied to improve ESNN structure and accuracy rates. Standard data sets from the UCI machine learning are used for evaluating the performance of this enhanced multi objective hybrid model. The experimental results have proved that the Memetic Harmony Search Multi-Objective Differential Evolution with Evolving Spiking Neural Network (MEHSMODE-ESNN) gives better results in terms of accuracy and network structure.


1. NASA Langley Research Center, USA; 2. Science Systems and Applications, USA; 3. National Institute of Aerospace, USA; 4. University of Wyoming, USA; 5. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India; 6. National balloon facility, TIFR, Hyderabad, India; 7. Banaras Hindu University, India; 8. King Abdullah University of Science and Tech., Saudi Arabia; 9. Swiss Federal Institute of Tech., Zurich, Switzerland; 10. LAGEO, Inst. of Atmos. Phys., Chinese Acad. Sci., Beijing, China, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.