The superhardness of cubic boron nitride(c-BN) results from the very strong B-N sp3 bond.In order to obtain quantitative knowledge of the strength of B-N sp3 bond,the equation of state(EOS) and bulk modulus of cubic boron nitride(c-BN) in the pressure up to 100 GPa(about 1 MBar) have been calculated using DFT based on norm conserving pseudopotentials.The results are in excellent agreement with experimental results.The bulk modulus of c-BN is 372.8±2.2 GPa ~ 395.8±0.2 GPa and B-N sp3 bond is weak when GGA calculations are employed.


\Ve have sllluicu a moJel 01' a hard sphcrc !luid adsorhed in :1 qllclH:l1edmatrix of di"onkn..'d sphcres. slll'h Ihat !luid -"pcries are ah le 10 rcnClralC in(o lhe interior of obstaclcs. Thc surfacc uf matrix partidcs is rcprcscntcd hy Ihe Gallssian harricr of th~ Iinile heig:ht and widlh. Thc moJel has hcen sludicJ lIsing replica Ornstcin-Zcrnikc cquations with the PercusYcvid do'urc. \Ve h:;1\"cdisl'US'CJ Ihe struclllrc 01' the syslcm :lnJ the adsorption isolherms dependent on the surface permcahility. as \\'elt as 011 lile m;Hrix tlel1siLyanJ Ihe diameter 01'mnlrix particles.


The aims of this study were to amplify and analyze the sequences of internal transcribed spacers(ITS) of ribosomal DNA(rDNA) of Trichuris samples isolated from a Addax nasomaculatus in Maoming Safari Park,China.The DNA of two samples,namely MM3 and MM4,were extracted and the ITS sequences were amplified by PCR with primers NC5 and NC2.The amplicons were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and the inserts were successfully sequenced.The results revealed that the total length of ITS and 5.8 S rDNA of the two Trichuris samples from A.nasomaculatus were 1 316 bp,and with a sequence similarity of 99.2%.The samples were identified as Trichuris ovis based on the sequence similarities of 97.3%-97.6%,100% and 97.8%-98.0% for ITS1,5.8 S and ITS2,respectively,compared with the corresponding ITS sequences of T.ovis published in GenBankTM.It was the first time that the ITS sequence of T.ovis from A.nasomaculatus was reported.The results of the present study provided a foundation for further studies of Trichuris spp.


:In Bangladesh the Housing and Real Estate Industry is one of the rapid growing and pioneer business sector. The rapid urbanization needs more accommodation and housing supply, which creates a huge market for the real estate industry in Bangladesh. Brick is one of the main building materials for the construction industry. Brick manufacturing in Bangladesh is done with traditional methods. The fixed chimney kiln (FCK) are used to produce the bricks which consumes coal & fertilized soil and releases pollutants into the atmosphere, leading to harmful effect on animals, human beings and agricultural yields. At present there are number of alternative products are available instead of burnt clay bricks, which are cost effective, environment friendly, and disaster resistant. The Objective of the study is to reviewing literature on the topics, develop a conceptual framework for this research field and investigate the impact of customer satisfaction of the using of these alternative building materials and the technology as a mediating effect within the marketing mix and the role of government & building process. The study would be conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh where customers & stakeholders would be provided structured questionnaire. The questionnaire would adapt from literature and the study will be conducted with a deductive approach and would be follow quantitative method and positive paradigm. The survey population would be selected from the Dhaka city and among the selected respondent 380 would be the sample size. Convenience sampling method would be applied. The data analysis would be followed descriptive Statistics and regression analysis methods. The analysis would be done by included in this study.


Enable engagement and interaction of citizens and public officials all of whom can view agendas, register online, and participate by computer or phone. Create, publish, and conduct remote meetings and associated agendas. Track and publish meeting minutes and video records of meetings. Full audio and visual capabilities. All digital assets are securely stored and archived in the cloud, are fully searchable, easily accessed, and retrieved. Digital Town Hall


This paper introduces the composition of the mast welding production line, and designs the process flow of the production line. With Siemens S7-300 PLC and ET200SP as the core, this paper designs a production line control system is designed. In addition, this paper expounds on the hardware design and software design of the PLC system in detail and describes the communication methods between the PLC and the robot, and programming is conducted based on modular programming, thus making the system become stable and scalable.


Clevidipine is a new ultrashort-acting calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine type developed for reduction and control of blood pressure in connection with cardiac surgery. The aim of this thesi ...


Packaging lumber after kiln drying is as important as the drying process itself. Paying careful attention to the maintenance of the kiln equipment, lumber handling procedures such as stickering and baffling, kiln schedules and then leaving the lumber in the snow, rain and sun defeat the purpose of good drying practices. The economic loss experienced by some mills runs into millions of dollars. This paper will divide packaging into two categories:


Background : Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) has enabled IVF specialists to screen embryos for abnormalities in chromosome number and structure. Subsequently, healthy embryos are selected for transfer, decreasing the rate of spontaneous miscarriages and improving pregnancy outcomes. In spite of this, almost only half of the PGT-determined euploid embryos result in a pregnancy. Objective : This study aimed to determine what other factors among euploid embryo transfers will have an association with successful implantation and live birth. Methods : This study retrospectively analyzed 159 IVF-PGS cycles performed in CARMI SLMC-GC from January 2017 to December 2019. Of these, a total of 231 euploid embryos (86 single embryo transfers and 73 double embryo transfers) were assessed. The relationship of eight predictive variables (maternal age, maternal BMI, etiology of infertility, history of failed IVF, blastocyst expansion stage, ICM grade, TE grade and endometrial thickness on transfer) with regard to the outcome of successful implantation and live birth among single or double euploid blastocyst transfers were determined via logistic regression analysis. Results : Overall, the implantation rate was significantly lower when using B-grade ICM or C-grade ICM blastocysts as compared to A-grade ICM blastocysts (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.356-0.815, p = 0.003). With regard to live birth rate, the success of transfer is statistically lower when using a B-grade or C-grade ICM blastocysts as compared to A-grade ICM blastocysts (OR 0.55, CI 0.354-0.863, p = 0.009). Other predictive factors such as maternal age, maternal BMI, etiology of infertility, number of previous IVF, blastocyst expansion stage, trophectoderm grade and endometrial thickness had no apparent effect on the outcome of implantation and live birth. Conclusion : Present study results suggest that only the ICM grade of euploid blastocysts correlates with implantation and live birth in IVF-FET cycles. Therefore, the selection of euploid blastocysts based on the presence of a higher grade ICM is the most predictive factor that determines success among those undergoing IVF with PGT-A.


.An attempt is made to introduce the Routh function formalism into the field theory: only "nondegenerated" field components are considered as canonical variables. Electrodynamics and general relativity are considered, The formalism appears to be quite simple and gauge-independent.


The sodium efflux from perfused squid giant axons has been studied using radioactive sodium, and the sufficient conditions for the maintenance of a potassium‐ and ouabain‐sensitive sodium efflux have been established. The following were found.


ABSTRACT Aim: The best doses and dosing schedules of everolimus (EVE) and sorafenib (SOR) which enable maximization of benefit/toxicity ratio may be searched using mathematical modeling of data derived from an adequately designed multi-parameter phase 1 trial. Methods: This academic study is composed of 4 arms (A; B; C & D) with different dosing schedules and doses of EVE and SOR. Multiparameter assessments include: pharmacokinetics (PK); pharmacodynamics (PD) with control of signaling pathway inhibition (ERK, AKT, S6K) in 2 tumor biopsies & repetitive PBMC assays; kinetics of circulating tumor DNA kinetics & VEGF angiogenesis markers; tumor angiogenesis changes using repeated DCE-ultrasounds; and radiological/clinical effects. The optimal doses and dosing schedules of EVE and SOR will be searched using simulations and then tested. The protocol was approved by ethic committee in 2012. Results: 8 patients with different metastatic tumor types (CRC: 3; pancreas: 2; breast: 1; HCC: 1; endom: 1) have been enrolled in 2 arms out of 4 (A: EVE 5mg qd 2 weeks and then SOR 200 mg bid + EVE; or B: SOR 200 mg bid 2 weeks and then SOR + EVE 5 mg qd). 4 patients were assessable for response: 2 SD (for more than 4 months) and 2 PD. Most of side effects were grade 1-2. Grade 3 toxicities were transaminase elevation, hypokalemia and fatigue. A SUSAR was observed: confirmed blood grade 3 hemolytic anemia in a patient on SOR alone (arm B). Longitudinal measurements of ERK, AKT & pAKT signals in PBMCs; VEGF & VEGFR2 in serum and DCE-US angiogenesis suggest that the anti-angiogenic effect induced by run-in EVE (41% reduction) would be reversed by combination to SOR (431% increase). Addition of EVE to run-in SOR would increase the anti-angiogenic effects. However the lack of effect on AKT and ERK pathways induced by EVE (150% increase) might be reversed by the combination to SOR (21% decrease). Conclusions: The on-going EVESOR trial suggests there may be strong PD interactions between everolimus and sorafenib regarding inhibition of AKT & ERK signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic effects, with large impact by the respective drug dosing schedules. The intermittent arms C and D will bring more data on these PD interactions. EVESOR trial aims at optimizing the doses and dosing schedules of the 2 drugs. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The practice of veterinary medicine exposes the professional to risks, increasing to those working in zoos. The objective was to evaluate the variables: risk perception and professional competence. As well risk factors associated with the presence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in workers exposed to the National Zoological Park of Cuba (PZN) and RIOZOO. Were surveyed 133 workers (79 of PZN and 54 of RIOZOO) among veterinarians, biologists, technicians and service staff. To evaluate variables, was used the questionnaire "Methodologies for the analysis of some indicators of risk associated to the territorial handling of zoonosis" developed and validated in Cuba. Was made using software Epidat 3.1 in the statistical analysis test of  X 2 .For detection of anti- T.gondii  antibodies, were used ELISA and IFAT techniques. The samples were analyzed at the Toxoplasmosis Laboratory of the Tropical Medicine Institute in Cuba "Pedro Kouri" and at the Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and other Protozooses of Institute Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, RJ,Brazil. The analysis of replies obtained through questionnaires there were no findings of statistical differences (p≥0.05). The evaluated variables punctuatedas nominal category 'MEDIUM', predominantly. The serologic results, the technicians group have significant statistical differences p≤0.05 between the two zoological gardens. The levels of risk perception in the investigated workers were not statistically different between the two zoological gardens in relations to professional competence.


The article substantiates the quantity and type of tire size for a dump truck with a carrying capacity from 90 to 130 tons. Types of tire sizes for dump trucks are given, as well as an analysis of applicable tires for dump trucks. An example of tire configuration for a dump truck is described, as well as the differences between projects and dump trucks with the traditional arrangement of large tires. The working productivity of large tires was cal- culated using the TKH "tons per kilometer per hour" technique. The general tasks that need to be addressed when designing a dump truck are highlighted. The conclusion is made on the relevance of the development of scientifically based approaches when designing dump trucks. The above data indicate that when surface mining, it is possible to solve the economic problem of reduc- ing the operating costs of transporting minerals by applying the proposed arrangement and number of large tires when designing new dump trucks, including robotic and unmanned ones.


Abstract Purpose Decision making regarding upper limb assessment and management of children and young people (CYP) with acquired brain injury (ABI) is complex. This project aimed to standardise and improve upper limb provision in one residential rehabilitation unit for CYP with ABI. Methods Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) methodology was used. Available evidence was synthesised and recommendations for assessment and intervention of CYP who present at different functional levels were made. A multi-modal knowledge translation process was used for pathway implementation, with regular review and updates in each PDSA cycle. Audit and staff survey at one year and two years post implementation were conducted. Results A clinical pathway consisting of an assessment decision tree, intervention matrix and evidence based summaries was developed. Audit at one year demonstrated 70% of CYP had an appropriate assessment form, which increased to 82% at two years. Staff survey showed increased knowledge and use of the pathway, and decreased perceived training needs between years one and two. Conclusions Use of an upper limb pathway can standardise care in line with best available evidence, and increase staff confidence in this complex rehabilitation area. Several years of development and implementation were required to embed its use in practice. Implications for rehabilitation Upper limb rehabilitation for CYP with ABI is complex, with no "one size fits all" assessment or intervention techniques available. Developing a pathway in which the evidence for assessment and management interventions for CYP of different functional levels, and recommendations for clinical practice can improve the consistency of assessment and intervention, and staff confidence with upper limb management. A multimodal strategy for implementation planned from the outset of pathway development can facilitate the translation of the pathway into routine clinical practice.


This book is part of a (translation of a) handbook written and published from 1974 onwards by members of the German Research Institute of Military History (MGFA) in Potsdam. The title of the project isDas Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg. From 1974 until today, nine out of ten volumes, approximately 10,000 pages, have been published. It concerns, in fact, the official West-German history of the Second World War, describing and analysing the modern military aspects of nearly everything: from war ideologies and preparations to the global military operations (with emphasis on the attacks on the Soviet Union), from the occupation of foreign territories to the intricacies of the war economy, from the aggressive foreign policy to the production of weapons and all other aspects related to the military expansion of the Third Reich from 1933 onwards. As such it is simply the best historiography of modern warfare. I think, therefore, that it is a wise decision to translate this most thorough, most detailed, most extensive and very German handbook. To qualify this praise, I believe that the current volume (with its two parts and immense amounts of data) is the most important of all, because it reveals why the victories and defeats of the Third Reich and, respectively, the defeats and victories of the Allies, could happen. However, many critical remarks about this mega-project and about Volume 5 in particular must be taken into consideration. First, we have to face the regrettable fact that no comparable venture has been undertaken by the Western Allies. Of course, there are numerous good websites and libraries of interesting and relevant books in all languages available in ''the West'' (but not, for instance, in the Far East) as well as excellent source publications. The United States Army in World War II project, which began in 1946, is the largest pile of strictly military data with its 80 volumes. It does not, however, help the reader understand this War beyond the quantities of aircraft, tanks, soldiers, casualties, bullets et cetera, or the colours of the uniforms, flags, et cetera made and used successfully and heroically by every crew or battalion. In the Anglo-Saxon world armies form closed circuits in which writings about their deeds are severely restricted: historians are practically confined to victories and heroic acts serving the ego of mega-machos; one can only find something about the large number of blunders and miscalculations of their generals, secret services, and so forth, and their serious consequences, in another kind of writing. On the European continent, where armies are perceived much more as ''part of society'' and as instruments of politicians and militaries alike, the writing of war-histories is not a simple civilian-scholarly job. Whatever their merits, they cannot compete with the project at hand as reliable scholarly ventures. It was only in the former GDR that a twin edition of this


Since there existed limitation of institutional analysis on the different mode between organization and market designing.This paper proposed a brand new viewpoint from networked structural analysis on enterprise groups networked logistics mode with the help of "structural holes" theory and radiating mechanism in physics.It mainly pointed out that its structure was based on the form of hub and spoke,especially introduced its spatial structure,organizational structure and the functional structure.


With the development of political civilization and the awakening of neighborhood committee,the government has to exclude neighborhood committee from the system of administration.Meanwhile neighborhood committee is necessary because of its irreplaceable functions,the difficult situation of government and deficient self-governing ability of community.In such a dilemma it is an ideal solution that the government should evaluate the work of neighborhood committee so that neighborhood committee can improve itself and the government can carry out indirect management and strengthen administrative control.


The purpose of this research was to obtain empirical evidence of how the influence of the probability of takeover on the dividend policy. DPR is used as a measure of dividend policy, while the probability of takeover measured using GRIAS (growth of assets) and Griss (growth of sales).
Samples used in this research were 99 companies listed on the Stock Exchange for period 2010-2013 that has been selected by purposive sampling technique. The companies have a complete data covering GRIAS, GRISS, SIZE, ROA, LEVERAGE, as well as companies that distribute or not distribute dividends. Testing method used is linear regression from static panel data, because the data were a combination of cross-sectional and time-series.
Overall, the results show that the probability Takeover measured by Griss (growth of sales) has positive significant influence to Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), it proved by sig-F value lower than 10% significances.

Keywords: Probability of Takeover, Dividend


Laser based ultrasound is a technique where a short pulsed laser is used to generate ultrasound and optical interferometry is used in order to detect the signal. Since both generation and detection of ultrasound is based on optical means, the technique is broadband, non-contact, and couplant free, suitable for large stand-off distances, inspection of components of complex geometries and hazardous environments. A data collection method (Full Matrix Capture) developed for ultrasonic arrays, is used for data collected using laser based ultrasound. In this method, a signal is captured from every possible transmitter–receiver array element combination. After the data capture, the imaging is done in post processing using the Total Focusing Method, in which the beam is focused, in both transmission and reception, on every pixel in the image to achieve improved defect detectability and very high spatial resolution. For the first time in laser ultrasonics, the beamforming and steering of the ultrasound is done during the post processing. In this way, a synthesised 1-D laser induced ultrasonic array operates, in post processing, as a phased array without the need of complicated optical setups, optical fibres or use of multiple laser beams. This work presents results from a non destructive laser ultrasonic inspection of aluminium samples with side drilled holes and slots at depths varying between 5 and 20mm from the surface.


This paper presents chaos-embedded optimization algorithms named as Chaotic Fractal Search (CFS). These algorithms are improved variance to original Stochastic Fractal Search (SFS) algorithm. The influence of two chaos maps which are Chebyshev map and Gauss/Mouse map on the convergence speed and fitness accuracy of the SFS are investigated in this study. Two well-known benchmark test functions with different dimension levels and landscapes were employed in order to evaluate the performance of proposed CFS algorithms in comparison to their predecessor algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed approach is implemented in the optimal tuning of conventional PID and PD-type fuzzy logic controllers for a twin rotor system (TRS) in hovering mode. The simulation study indicates that CFS algorithm with Gauss/Mouse chaotic map in both Diffusion and First Updating process outperforms other CFS algorithms and original SFS algorithm. In addition, PD-type fuzzy logic controller shows superiority over PID controller in twin rotor system control design.


As consumers regard personal significance as new value of consumption, participation has brought a change in consumption patterns as a new communication method that increases creative possibilities of user. Participatory design which reflects these consumption patterns has researched increasingly in the field of fashion. This study aims to suggest a method of fashion design focusing on sustainable participation which gets satisfaction to reflect needs and creativity of user in the process as well as the result. This study examines the definition, developing process, and other factors through the analysis of various literatures and data; analyzes the participatory design practices in fashion design; tries some costume designs corrected related limitations. The purpose of this is to suggest 3 costume designs that complement the limitations shown in the analysis. Participatory designs in the fashion are analyzed by Participate time, Creativity, Flexibility, Ease of use and Durability. As a result, it is shown that the number of participating and similar results after participation are limitations. To improve these limits, this study suggest the design which is possible to constantly create to user. The design motif-'Sketchbook' is suitable tool to cause the user's participation because of its morphological, functional and emotional characteristics. By combining its formative features in design, Design can be easily recognized that sketchbook. This study can accomplish the purpose by using a sketchbook as a design motif to attract sustainable participation in fashion design and is expected to refer and use to develop user participatory design in fashion design. Keyword Participation Design User Participation Sustainable Participation Continuous Participation


The rural credit is shown to be essential to propel the agribusiness, contributing to the economy of the countries through exports, generation employment and income. However, a farmer has found it difficult to access credit, especially about the lack of guarantees and increase in financial burdens on rural financing. To reverse this situation, guarantees models have been developed in various countries in the world, with views to help them with access to credit, highlighting to Italian guarantee scheme in which were perceived improvements in conditions in the access rural credit, even in a scenario of the global financial crisis. Differently than happens in the Italian guarantees model, there aren't guarantees funds operating in Brazil, with emphasis on rural credit. This present research aimed to investigate the repercussions and the bases needed on the possible implementation of guarantees funds as mechanism of access to rural credit in Brazil. Therefore, this research adopted the comparative method, with views the compare the main Guarantees Funds in Brazil and Italy, with emphasis for FGO, FGI, FAMPE and SGFA, highlighting the differences and similarities between the Italian and Brazilian guarantee model. Furthermore, the survey collected data with the experts linked to the entities responsible for the management of the main guarantees funds and Credit Guarantee Societies (CGS) of support to micro, small and medium enterprises MPME in Brazil. The research proved to be plausible point that the guarantees funds as mechanism of the access for rural credit in Brazil, with the participation of public and private actors can be an instrument of the public policy to facilitate access to credit, especially for small farmers with difficulties in providing guarantees require by financial agents, enabling even reducing the cost of credit. For financial agents, the guarantee system could help of the expansion the supply of credit and the consequent increase of business, sharing of the risk and savings of the regulatory capital. So, the study allowed converging for the possibility of expanding the Brazilian guarantee model, in order to support farmers, adding to the existing guarantees funds to support SME in line with the Italian guarantee scheme, revealing itself even the challenges for the expansion and improvement of the Brazilian guarantee model.


American Assembly. The United States and Latin America. Background Papers and Final Report of the 16th American Assembly, October 15-18, 1959. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959. pp. ix, 221. $2.00. Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee. Work of the Second Session held at Cairo, October 1-13, 1958. Cairo: Egyptian Society of International Law, 1959. pp. 732. Baerwald, Hans H. The Purge of Japanese Leaders under the Occupation. (University of California Publications in Political Science, "Vol. 8.) Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959. pp. 111. $2.25. Bain, Leslie B. The Beluctant Satellites. New York: Macmillan Co., 1960. pp. xii, 233. $3.95. Barnett, A. Doak. Communist China and Asia. Challenge to American Policy. New York: Harper & Bros., 1960. pp. xiv, 575. Index. $6.95. Boldt, G., and others. La Representation des Travailleurs sur le Plan de I'Enterprise dans le Droit des Pays Membres de la C-B.C.A. (Droit du Travail, Vol. III.) Luxembourg: Haute Autorite, Communaute' Europ^enne du Charbon et de l'Aeier, 1959. pp. 348. FT. 980. Brown, Delbert F. The Growth of Democratic Government. Washington, D. C.: Public Affairs Press, 1959. pp. v, 117. $3.25. Bruns, Viktor. Fontes Juris Gentium. Series A, Seetio II, Tomus 2: Decisions of the German Supreme Court relating to Public International Law 1929-1946, including the Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the German Reich (1981-198S). Edited by Hermann Mosler. Prepared by Gtinther Jaenicke, Karl Doehring and Erich Zimmermann. Cologne-Berlin: Carl Heymanns Verlag, 1959. pp. xxiv, 535. Index. DM. 48, paper; DM. 56, cloth. Buhse, Karl-Heinrich. Der Schutz von Kultwrgut im Krieg. (Veroffentlichungen dea Instituts fur Internationales Recht an der Universitat Kiel, No. 40.) Hamburg: Hansischer Gildenverlag, Joachim Heitmann & Co., 1959. pp. x, 150. DM. 16.40, paper. Chamberlin, W., T. Hovet, and R. Swift (eds.). Annual Review of United Nations Affairs 1957-1958. New York: Oceana Publications, 1959. pp. vi, 248. Index. $6.00. China Institute of International Affairs. China and the United Nations. (National Studies on International Organization.) New York: Manhattan Publishing Co., 1959. pp. xi, 285. Index. $3.00. Chung, II Yung. Legal Problems Involved in the Corfu Channel Incident. (Travaux de Juridietion Internationale, III.) Geneva: 1959. pp. 282. Index. Cialdea, Basilic La Formazione dell'Ordinamento Marittimo nelle Relazioni InternazionaK (Secoli XIV-XVIII). Part I : pp. xii, 429. L. 2,200; Part I I : pp. iv, 394. L. 2,000. Milan: Dott. A. Giuffre, 1959. Cornell Law School. Proceedings of First Summer Conference on International Law, Ithaca, New York, June £6-29, 1957. Ithaca: 1959. pp. vi, 183. Index. . Proceedings of Second Summer Conference on International Law, Ithaca, New York, June $3-15, 1958. Ithaca: 1959. pp. vi, 215. Index. Dayal, Shiv. India's Role in the Korean Question. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co., 1959. pp. viii, 360. Index. Rs. 15. De Hartingh, France. Les Conceptions SoviStiques du Droit de la Mer. Paris: Librairie Gfingrale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1960. pp. iii, 198. Fr. 2,710.


The article deals with modern gaming technology – the quest. One of the new directions in quest technologies is sports quests. The use of sports quests in the physical education classes contributes to the development of physical qualities among students, formation of knowledge and skills in the field of physical culture, development of interdis- ciplinary connections, reveals the creative potential of a child and trains a number of psychological qualities. The study focuses on identifying the effectiveness of sports quests for the development of physical qualities of children of primary school age.


Case Report Chorioangioma is a benign placental tumor. Grossly, they are well circumscribed and purplish red in color. Microscopically, they are composed of a network of proliferating capillaries. Small hemangiomas are asymptomatic, but larger ones (>5cm) are rare and occurs in 1:9000-1:50000 pregnancies. A 28year old female with 7 months of amenorrhea, presented with complains of sudden onset of pain in abdomen and bleeding per vagina. On examination her vitals were normal. Her blood reports were normal. She delivered an anomalous baby who dies soon after birth. On histopathological examination of placenta "TUMOR OF PLACENTA -VILLOUS ORIGIN-CHORIOANGIOMA" was diagnosed.


In this paper, we establish the central limit theorem (CLT) for linear spectral statistics (LSSs) of a large-dimensional sample covariance matrix when the population covariance matrices are involved with diverging spikes. This constitutes a nontrivial extension of the Bai-Silverstein theorem (BST) (Ann Probab 32(1):553--605, 2004), a theorem that has strongly influenced the development of high-dimensional statistics, especially in the applications of random matrix theory to statistics. Recently, there has been a growing realization that the assumption of uniform boundedness of the population covariance matrices in the BST is not satisfied in some fields, such as economics, where the variances of principal components may diverge as the dimension tends to infinity. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to eliminate this obstacle to applications of the BST. Our new CLT accommodates spiked eigenvalues, which may either be bounded or tend to infinity. A distinguishing feature of our result is that the variance in the new CLT is related to both spiked eigenvalues and bulk eigenvalues, with dominance being determined by the divergence rate of the largest spiked eigenvalues. The new CLT for LSS is then applied to test the hypothesis that the population covariance matrix is the identity matrix or a generalized spiked model. The asymptotic distributions of the corrected likelihood ratio test statistic and the corrected Nagao's trace test statistic are derived under the alternative hypothesis. Moreover, we present power comparisons between these two LSSs and Roy's largest root test. In particular, we demonstrate that except for the case in which the number of spikes is equal to one, the LSSs could exhibit higher asymptotic power than Roy's largest root test.


A new fast approach to filter the critical contingencies and compute their PV curves is proposed for on-line voltage stability analysis. The expanded power model is applied and its solution is found by the optimal multiple method. The power flow equations of all the potential post-contingencies are solved at the load level associated with the minimum practically acceptable voltage stability margin, and the unsolvable cases are selected as the critical contingencies. At the base load level, the power flow equations of the selected cases are solved to determine the interval of post-contingency voltage collapse points. The PV curves of the selected cases can be traced by continuation binary method. The proposed approach is illustrated with the New-England 39-bus system and the IEEE118-bus system. The results show that the approach is very simple and efficient and is easy to be implemented.


The utility model discloses a multifunctional travel cup which comprises a cup body and a cup cover. The cup body comprises an inner cup body and an outer cup body, the inner cup body is connected with the cup cover through thread, and the upper end of the cup cover is connected with an upper cover through thread. A cavity is formed between the upper cover and the cup cover, and baffle plates arranged inside the cavity divide the cavity into a plurality of storage grids and are fixedly connected with the cup cover. Dining utensils for travel such as a foldable snack scoop, a snack fork and part of tooth picks and the like can be respectively arranged in the storage grids, thereby not only adding functions to the travel cup, but also storing the utensils separately to avoid collision and noise of the scoop, the fork, and the like during moving. After the cup cover is removed, the travel cup is inversed and can serve as a teacup or a wine cup. The multifunctional travel cup which integrates a plurality of functions is a preferred article for household and travel with much convenience and practicability.


The following letters are in response to the Point:Counterpoint series "Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is/is not mediated by increased production of reactive oxygen species" that appears in this issue.

To the Editor : In 1999, Archer and coworkers ([1][1]) demonstrated that mice with


1) Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2) Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 3) Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 4) Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 5) Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden 6) Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 7) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany


Preface. Language and Linguistics. Speech Sounds. Sounds in a System. From Word to Sentence. Grammar. Semantics. The Acquisition of Language. Varieties of Language. Some Practical Applications of Linguistics.


Visualization of sound intensities helps us to understand the flow of sound energy caused by the sound source and reflections. Especially for the architectural acoustic design, Visualization of the simulated data in real space is useful to comprehend the relationship between sound propagation and the sound-reflecting objects. In this paper, we propose the Mixed Reality visualization system for sound intensities calculated from measurement and simulated data to compare the both data in real space. The simulation data is calculated by 2D-FDTD based on the room shape acquired by simultaneous localization and mapping techniques.


Lic, Dcpartmenit of Biocontrol, K. Walravens, PhD, J. Godfroid, D)MNi, Department of Bacteriology and Imimunology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (N\AR) Ukkel, Groeselenberg 99, B1 180 Brussels, Belgium C. Saegerman, D)XVM, Ceintral Veterinary Services, \'T( III, Simon Bolivarlaan, B1000 Brussels, Belgium M. Thelissen, DMNI, Lic, Veteriinary Services of Limburg, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgiuum Mycobacterium bovis belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex consisting of a highly related group of acid-fast bacilli, and is the main cause of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle and other wild or domestic mammals (Cousins 2001). The prevalence ofM bovis in small ruminants and pigs is low and is apparently proportional to that in major hosts such as cattle (Gutierrez and others 1998, Serraino and others 1999). M bovis has been sporadically isolated in cats and dogs and in wild mammals in captivity. Wildlife reservoirs ofM bovis have been described in badgers in the UK (Delahay and others 2001) and in the brushtailed possum in New Zealand (Coleman and Cooke 2001). M bovis infections have also been described in buffaloes in southern Africa and in bison in North America, as well as in a number of species of freeranging deer (Morris and others 1994, De Lisle and others 2002). Human beings are also susceptible, usually acquiring the infection as a result of the ingestion of infected milk products (Murray 1990, Jones and others 1997). The organism is maintained and spread in cattle principally by aerosol, but calves can be infected in utero or by the ingestion of milk (Bolin and others 1997, Jones and others 1997). Animals infected with M bovis are recognised as a zoonotic threat, and the disease is notifiable in many countries (Directives EE(, 64/432, EU 92/117). The annual herd incidence and prevalence in Belgium in 2001 were 0-044 per cent and 0-024 per cent, respectively. This short communication describes an incident of M bovis meningitis in a cow which showed clinical signs consistent with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In January 2002, a red-white heifer, aged 16 months and originating from an 85-cow dairy herd, was presented with a history of head tilting and hypersalivation, prominent yawning and snoring (powerful expirations through the nose), followed by the development of an enlarged neck. The veterinarian treated the animal with antibiotics but there was no clinical improvement. The animal developed progressive decubitus and it was finally decided to euthanase the heifer. Subsequently, as a precaution, it was included in the routine protocol for ruminants which are suspected of having a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (Vanopdenbosch and others 1998). According to the protocol, no postmortem examination could be performed. On removal of the brain, a prominent greyish-white discoloration of the meninges was noticed. This was mainly observed on the cerebellum and all around the brainstem, on the ventral, dorsal and lateral sides. After excluding rabies as a routine precaution, using direct immunofluorescence and isolation on cultures of neuroblastoma cells (Vanopdenbosch and others 1998), samples of the brainstem, the cerebrum and cerebellum were taken for further histological examination (Vanopdenbosch and others 1998). Large samples of these three major brain parts were fixed in a 4 per cent phosphate-buffered formaldehyde solution, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 5 pm thickness. Sections were primarily stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The rest of the brain was frozen at -200C. FIG 1: (a) Meninges showing multiple sites of necrosis and multinucleated Langhans' giant cells (arrowheads). Haematoxylin and eosin. x 160. (b) Vascular lesions in the meninges showing (peri)vascular infiltration of lymphocytes and plasmacytes and necrosis occasionally associated with the formation of intravascular thrombi (arrows). Haematoxylin and eosin. x 640


The governing reaction mechanisms, and the electrode material compositions and structures, that controls the efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) need to be identified and well-understood for significant technological improvements. Our study on the oxygen electrodes focuses on specifically the effect of electrode crystal structure and morphology on its electrochemical performance, and the evolution of the electronic and structural properties of the electrodes while under electrochemical conditions and high temperature. We found through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments that the different crystal orientations in a given oxygen electrode material, for example La0.8Sr0.2MnO3+d (LSM), can show different initial performance, dissimilar processes governing the oxygen reaction mechanism, and different electrochemical activation behavior under DC bias at a given temperature in air. Our in-situ x-ray and electrochemical measurements at the Advanced Photon Source have identified the chemical states of the main components of the doped lanthanum manganite electrodes. We found that the bias and time dependent changes in the concentration and in the electronic state of the La (the A-site element of the perovskite) occurring only at the top air-electrode film interface can be responsible from the electrochemical improvement of the electrode under DC current. Our observation related to the La chemical state change is unexpected and probably unique to the electrochemical current-conditioning of the oxygen electrodes.


We develop and test a method to compute mass and autocorrelation functions of rich clusters of galaxies from linear density fluctuations, based on the formalism of Gaussian peaks. The essential, new ingredient in the current approach is a simultaneous and unique fixture of the size of the smoothing window for the density field, rf, and the critical height for collapse of a density peak, δc, for a given cluster mass (enclosed within the sphere of a given radius rather than the virial radius, which is hard to measure observationally). Of these two parameters, rf depends on both the mass of the cluster in question and Ω, whereas δc is a function of only Ω and Λ. These two parameters have formerly been treated as adjustable and approximate parameters. Thus, for the first time, the Gaussian peak method (GPM) becomes unambiguous, and more importantly, accurate, as is shown here. We apply this method to constrain all variants of the Gaussian cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model using the observed abundance of local rich clusters of galaxies and the microwave background temperature fluctuations observed by COBE. The combined constraint fixes the power spectrum of any model to ~10% accuracy in both shape and overall amplitude. To set the context for analyzing CDM models, we choose six representative models of current interest, including an Ω0 = 1 tilted cold dark matter model, a mixed hot and cold dark matter model with 20% mass in neutrinos, two lower density open models with Ω0 = 0.25 and Ω0 = 0.40, and two lower density flat models with (Ω0 = 0.25, Λ0 = 0.75) and (Ω0 = 0.40, Λ0 = 0.60). This suite of CDM models should bracket any CDM model that is currently viable. The parameters of all these models are also consistent with a set of other constraints, including the Hubble constant, the age of the universe and the light-element nucleosynthesis with Ωb chosen to maximize the viability of each model with respect to the observed gas fraction in X-ray clusters.


Based on diaries, letters and archival material, this is a biography of Austrian writer and peace activist Bertha von Suttner, the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. It aims to show the relevance of her work in the 20th century.


Our ambitious goals are moderated by the analysis of a set of eight cases of development projects in Brazil. The country provides an interesting environment for reflection on these issues for two main reasons. Firstly, there is a reemergence of state activism in the country, in the last decade, in ways that resemble the developmental state of the 1960s and 70s. However, current state activism evolves against a backdrop of democratic institutions, decentralization reforms, and accountability and transparency requirements consolidated since the Constitution of 1988. Therefore, Brazil offers a fertile ground for reflections about the contemporary meanings and empirical expressions of state capacity. What is it like to be a capable state in an environment of power-checking institutions? What are the implications for the state's deployment of its resources and instruments in the pursuit of policy goals? How do state agents coordinate relationships with political, economic, and social actors? And what are the effects of these different coordination strategies on policy performance? Secondly, there is wide variation across sectors in terms of policy governance arrangements in the Brazilian state. Thus, we can combine a stable political and institutional environment (the macro "rules of the game") with variation in policy goals, strategies, and sectors. In order to identify and describe state capacities and evaluate their associations with policy performance in development projects in Brazil, we start from a literature review on the concepts of state capacity and governance (section 2). Our intention is to criticize the traditional concept of state capacity on the basis of an assessment of contemporary transformations of the state. The confrontation of these two pieces of literature reveals insights for an analytical strategy that allows us to evaluate the links between governance arrangements, state capacities, and policy results. We then describe such analytical model, the selected cases, and the parameters for the comparative analysis (section 3). Following from there, we present the findings, analyzing both the associations found between state capacity and policy results and the causal mechanisms


Effects of randomness in the strong coupling electron systems, where the real space pairings of electrons have an important contribution are investigated in (quasi-) one-dimensional systems. For weak randomness, it is discussed that the nature of the ground state of purely one-dimensional systems does not necessarily reflect the low temperature properties of three-dimensional systems with quasi-one-dimensional anisotropy. In particular, the commensurate charge density wave and superconducting long range order persist for weak randomness. In the bipolaronic or biexcitonic region, Monte Carlo results show that the charge density wave is more strongly suppressed by randomness than superconductivity. The suppression of the CDW phase by impurities allows superconductivity to occur in parameter regime which were in a CDW phase for a pure system.


Ni films 250 to 1500 A thick are prepared on polished amorphous quartz substrates in ultrahigh vacuum by ion beam sputter deposition. The growing film is bombarded simultaneously with Xe + ions at an oblique angle of incidence. The structural and magnetic modifications are studied for different film thicknesses as a function of Xe + ion energies (50–200 eV) and relative flux of arriving Ni atoms/Xe ions at the substrate. Lattice spacings and degree of texturing are determined by x-ray diffraction. Magnetic in-plane anisotropy is determined by longitudinal magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements. Our results show that an uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy is induced with the hard magnetization direction parallel to the plane of incidence of the secondary Xe + ions, and a (111) texture with an increased plane spacing of 0.5% is measured. The microstructure of the film and the magnitude of the anisotropy is sensitive to film thickness and flux ratio. For films prepared without secondary ion bombardment, the plane spacings correspond to those for bulk Ni, and isotropic magnetic behavior is observed.


Purpose: To reduce GHG(Green House Gases) emissions and heat island effect, there are numerous studies have been conducted. The temperature on heat island is usually 3∼5℃ higher than in the surrounding rural areas and it causes additional cooling load and discomfort. For this reason, this study was a partial experiment of developing a roof system using phase change materials combined to wood-plastic combination plate. In this study, the purpose of the experiment was to verify the suitable condition of roof surface structure for using PCM cool roof system. Method: The experiment of six cases had proceeded with four-step artificial solar radiation system in artificial environment room.
There are two different reflectance(Cool Roof Paint-0.47, Gray Paint-0.22) and three PCM(Melting point 24℃, 35℃, 44℃) for scale model test. Result: The temperature of three locations was measured to check the correlation between structures. The average temperature reduction according to surface reflectance was 14.8℃(surface) / 13.3℃(PCM) / 4.6℃(ceiling). Furthermore, the average peak load time-lag between surface to ceiling was 3hour 49min.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Falhammar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Specialty Grand Challenge PUBLISHED 06 July 2023 DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237733


We describe a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics investigation of the guanidinoacetate methyltransferase catalyzed reaction, which shows that proton transfer from guanidinoacetate (GAA) to Asp-134 and methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to GAA are concerted. By self-consistent-charge density functional tight binding/molecular mechanics, the bond lengths in the concerted mechanism's transition state are 1.26 Å for both the OD1 (Asp-134)–HE (GAA) and HE (GAA)–NE (GAA) bonds, and 2.47 and 2.03 Å for the S8 (AdoMet)–C9 (AdoMet) and C9 (AdoMet)–NE (GAA) bonds, respectively. The potential-energy barrier (ΔE‡) determined by single-point B3LYP/6–31+G*//MM is 18.9 kcal/mol. The contributions of the entropy (−TΔS‡) and zero-point energy corrections Δ(ZPE)‡ by normal mode analysis are 2.3 kcal/mol and −1.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Thus, the activation enthalpy of this concerted mechanism is predicted to be ΔH‡ = ΔE‡ + Δ(ZPE)‡ = 17.2 kcal/mol. The calculated free-energy barrier for the concerted mechanism is ΔG‡ = 19.5 kcal/mol, which is in excellent agreement with the value of 19.0 kcal/mol calculated from the experimental rate constant (3.8 ± 0.2·min−1).


Gallbladder diseases are among the most common pathologies requiring surgical intervention in general surgery practice. Gallbladder duplication is a rare anomaly of the biliary system. Congenital anomalies and anatomical variations of the gallbladder constitute one of the significant difficulties encountered by surgeons since these variations can cause great uncertainty in defining the anatomical structures of the gallbladder and may lead to significant complications during surgery. Congenital malformations are important predisposing factors for iatrogenic bile duct injuries during cholecystectomy. This case report presents a case of symptomatic gallbladder duplication and a double cystic duct treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


By using shift operators on linear spaces a theory of bilinear systems is presented. A restricted backward shift realization (RBSR) of a Volterra series input-output map is introduced. The RBSR is used to solve the bilinear realization problem. The RBSR is used to develop a theory of minimality for bilinear systems. Minimal bilinear systems are shown to be equivalent. The RBSR is used to develop a theory of reachability and observability for bilinear systems. An algorithm that computes the minimal bilinear realization of a Volterra series input-output map is given.


We make an extensive survey of Gorakhpur district of Eastern U.P. region of India from 2011-2013, for vegetable plant samples showing visible symptoms of possible phytoplasmal infection. We observed symptoms such as reduction in leaf size, curling of leaf, etc. in infected chilli plants (Capsicum annuum L., Family Solanaceae) , growing in the fields of Gorakhpur district. By using universal phytoplasma specific P1 and Tint primers, we perform their PCR analysis. The PCR product of size 1600 bp was generated which were further purified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence obtained in present study was deposited in GenBank through accession number KF298062 and named as "Uncultured Pseudomonas sp.' with/ clone=RCGKP1". BLAST analysis and Phylogenetic tree established their association with ' Pseudomonas' group. In our knowledge, this is a new uncultured bacterium (359 bp), associated with infection in Capsicum annuum plant in Gorakhpur district of Eastern U.P. region of India.


Objective:To determine the relationship between serum placenta growth factor(PLGF) and the risk of preeclampsia.Methods:During 2005/3~2006/11,clinical records of 200 pregnant women were collected and reviewed.From 10~14 weeks of gestation till delivery,their peripheral blood specimens were obtained at intervals.The PLGF levels were measured with ELISA and the results were analyzed from individuals with variant severity of preeclampsia at variant time points.Results:Women who were undetectable at measurement but later had preeclampsia also reached the peak at the same time.However,the levels were significantly lower than the controls(P0.05).Five weeks before the onset of preeclampsia,there was already significant evidence of decreases in serum PLGF(P0.01).Conclusion:During the pathological process of preeclampsia,abnormal expression of PLGF is present prior to clinical symptoms,which can be taken as a biomarker for prevention and early diagnosis.


Introduction. In 2019, a new version of spelling was approved in Ukraine. However, Ukrainian mass media experiences some problems with the new norms. Meanwhile, the correct usage of language in mass media is extremely important, because journalistic texts have a large audience and can be used by readers as a certain model. Thus, it's important to discover specifics of new norms usage in online mass media to understand the level of the norms compliance.
Relevance and purpose. The purpose of the article is to propose an algorithm for computer analysis of texts, which allows to investigate compliance with new spelling norms by leading Ukrainian online media, as well as to determine whether the situation in the media changes over time. This study is relevant, because a comprehensive study of the new language norms usage in online massmedia is lacking, scientists focused their attention on individual norms and the number of texts in sample wasn't large.
Methodology. Computer analysis: with Python programs more than 8 thousand news items were collected from the leading online media. Vocabularies with old and new language norms were designed. Comparative analysis: usage of foreign components, variable spelling changes, spelling of the international sites and Internet resources, spelling of certain words were compared in the mass media in 2019 and 2021.
Results. It was determined that the authors of the publications did not adapt to the variable spelling changes. Regarding mandatory changes, problems were observed with the spelling of the names of international websites and Internet resources, as well as some words. The situation with the use of feminine forms was the most stable. Spelling of words with the first foreign component, as well as with part «half/piv-» was observed in two versions: old and new spelling.
Conclusions. The situation with the new spelling in Ukrainian online media is improving over time, although the acceptance of the new norms is still very slow. Moreover, this situation is observed precisely in the segment of quality Ukrainian media, which adhere to professional standards and are an example for many journalists to follow. With this in mind, we recommend that the editors of the online mass-media take measures to improve the situation.


Contents: Preface. Part I: Perception and Its Development. P. Rochat, Direct Perception and Representation in Infancy. K.E. Adolph, M. Eppler, Obstacles to Understanding: An Ecological Approach to Infant Problem Solving. J.R. Pani, Descriptions of Orientation and Structure in Perception and Physical Reasoning. A.E. Stoper, Height and Extent: Two Kinds of Size Perception. Part II: Cognition and Its Development. E.J. Gibson, EPAM to EGO: A Cognitive Journey E. Spelke, Unity and Diversity in Knowledge. M. Tomasello, The Cultural Ecology of Young Children's Interactions With Objects and Artifacts. F. Keil, K. Lockhart, Getting a Grip on Reality. C.B. Mervis, The Williams Syndrome Cognitive Profile: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Interrelations Among Auditory Short-Term Memory, Language, and Visuospatial Constructive Cognition. I.E. Hyman, Jr., Creating False Autobiographical Memories: Why People Believe Their Memory Errors. W. Hirst, D. Gluck, Revisiting John Dean's Memory. Part III: Philosophy and Education. R.N. McCauley, Bringing Ritual to Mind. D.A. Jopling, Five Kinds of Self-Ignorance. Y. Takano, How Does an Adviser Influence a Student? A Case Study.


The construction of viaducts with Movable Scaffolding System (MSS) is a sophisticated. However, the construction sequence has a disadvantage of an insufficiently clear distribution of the top slab weight between the scaffolding and the first casting phase of the deck. In order to solve this problem designers assume that the whole weight of the top slab is supported by the scaffolding. In fact, if the whole weight is supposed to be resisted by the scaffolding, it implies that heavier, stiffer and more expensive scaffoldings must be chosen to construct a viaduct. If the distribution of the top slab weight between the scaffolding and the first casting phase is clarified, the scaffolding can be chosen to resist lower loads, so as to lighter and cheaper scaffoldings can be selected. Moreover, if the top slab weight distribution is clarified, the stresses both at the deck and at the scaffolding can be determined more accurately. The contribution of this paper consists in clarifying the weight distribution between the first casting phase and the scaffolding. In order to achieve this objective, it identifies a number of parameters and investigates the importance of the hanger stiffness, as well as the influence of the first casting phase and the scaffolding stiffness.


The durability of asphalt pavement depends on the stress-strain state of the pavement structure, which is significantly affected by temperature fluctuations. The calculation and analysis of the stress-strain state of typical pavement structures with asphalt concrete pavement for roads at different temperatures of their operation are performed. It is established that a significant role in predicting the strength and durability of asphalt pavement is played by temperatures that vary in annual and daily conditions. Tensile stresses in the coating occur not only at low temperatures during the spring waterlogging of soils, but also at other temperatures. Thus, with increasing temperature, the modulus of elasticity of asphalt concrete naturally decreases, which leads to a decrease in the value of horizontal normal tensile stresses of asphalt concrete layers during their bending during transport, but at the same time more significantly reduces the tensile strength of asphalt concrete.


High resolution geophysics has expanded in our industry as the need for detailed studies has grown both in exploration and production environments.


Summary Electrostatic calculations estimated the energy of hypothetical ion clustering in intermediate plagioclase feldspars. The calculated energy appears too great to allow segregation of Ca and Na atoms into domains upon annealing without a corresponding movement of Al and Si from an original disordered structure. The calculated energy may be sufficiently small that Ca and Na atoms can disorder partially without movement of Al and Si upon heating a low-plagioclase to high temperatures.


Short-term load forecasting in power system is necessary for management and contrl of power system. A new method for short-term load forecasting was presented based on neural networks optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed in this paper, short-term load forecasting model for power system was setup as sample sets for Elman neural network(Elman NN), with GA's optimizing and Elman NN's dynamic feature, the higher forecasting pricision was realized and the simulation indicates the method is feasible and effective.


tural activities helped Jews maintain a sense of dignity and hope for the future. The volume is not without its failings. There is considerable repetition among the essays. The last two articles—on denunciations by Poles and the experiences of the population of Upper Silesia—are interesting, but not particularly relevant to the rest of the volume. Finally, for all the brutality of the occupation of Poland between 1939 and 1941, the invasion of the Soviet Union did mark a qualitative difference in the numbers and kinds of atrocities committed by Germans. The authors, of course, recognize this and tend to frame their arguments accordingly. Events in Poland thus contained later practices "in embryo" (p. 51); were "just the beginning of the hell" (p. 32); or marked the "the first step" (p. 123) in the Nazi occupation of Eastern Europe. Cüppers, however, makes an even bolder claim: "The experiences of the twenty-two months of occupation policies in Poland were the decisive precondition for the later actions in the Soviet Union" (p. 105). While this assertion can never be proven, this collection offers much convincing evidence that the initial occupation of Poland laid the groundwork for the Holocaust and other atrocities committed after June 1941.


In this supplemental material to Piermont and Teper (2019) we provide a decision theoretic framework and axiomatization for an agent who is facing the classic exploration and exploitation tradeoff. We show that only the margin of the decision maker's belief can be identified from her ranking of the different strategies available in a bandit problem. 1 The Decision Theoretic Framework A DM is tasked with ranking sequential and contingent choice objects: the action taken by the agent at any stage depends on the outcomes of previous actions. Formally, our primitive is a preference over plans of action (PoAs). Each action, a, is associated with a set of consumption prizes the action might yield, Sa. Then, a PoA is recursively defined as a lottery over pairs pa, fq, where a is an action and f is a mapping that specifies the continuation PoA for each possible outcome in Sa. Theorem 2 shows that the construction of PoAs is well defined. So, a PoA specifies an action to be taken each period that can depend on the outcome of all previously taken actions. See Figures 1 and 2, where fpxq, fpyq, fpzq are themselves PoAs. Each node in a PoA can be identified by a history of action-outcome realizations preceding it. The actions in our model is in direct analogy to the arms of bandit problem (or actions in a repeated game). PoAs correspond to the set of all (possibly mixed) strategies in these environments. Note, however, the DM's perception of which outcome in ∗Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Economics, email@example.com †University of Pittsburgh, Department of Economics, firstname.lastname@example.com


This study describes the cognitive and social differences between students working with Virulent!, a videogame devoted to cell biology, and students working in a traditional class activity involving reading text and graphs. Specifically, this study analyzes the conversations and cognitive processes that arise when kids play and talk about Virulent!, a game that requires players to control the behavior of a virus and interact with cell structures in a way that resembles the actual behavior of biological agents. Results show that using the videogame creates more social interaction focused on content during the study time, and produces higher levels of understanding regarding the temporal relationships and the biological mechanisms involved in the viral replication process.


The shoot apex consists of a few initial cells at the tip of a thimble devoid of leaf initials for at least 100 μ. Leaf primorida are initiated from the superficial layer of cells, whereas branch buds arising among the; very youngest leaf primordia are produced deeper in the apex. Chinks occur where three or more cell walls come together. The tissue of the stem for the first 200 μ has no internodes. Two squamulae intervaginales lie on the adaxial surface of each leaf with which their development is associated. Internodes are initiated by the longitudinal growth and division of cells from the bottom of the leaf insertion disks. Cells of the young node divide longitudinally to increase the diameter of the nodal disk and to split the intercalary meristem into segments. Internodes are thus initiated with lacunae. Cells destined to become wood vacuolate at the seventh leaf whorl. Scalariform thickenings are produced but quickly disintegrate along with the rest of the xylem cells leaving a lacuna in the center ...


Recovery of a "green corridor" in the lower Tarim River is underway, following extensive agricultural development and irrigation beginning in the 1950s that lowered water tables in the river basin and killed native willow poplar or Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) trees. In 2000, a groundwater recharge project began to restore vegetation in the green corridor. After seven water discharges (diverted from a nearby lake), groundwater rose from 6 meters to 2 meters near Taitema Lake and vegetation began to recover. The overall restoration of the green corridor and the Tarim River depends on long-term, comprehensive management of the river basin. The main hydrological challenges are to mitigate water loss through seepage and evaporation by improving structures such as dikes, water gates, and irrigation canals. Management efforts should also consider river regulation, optimal water allocation, water conservation, water price policy, and grassland improvement, rather than just water transfers.


Physical transient electronics have attracted more attention as the basis for building green electronics and biomedical devices. However, there are difficulties in selecting materials for the fabricated devices to take into account both biodegradability and high performance. In this paper, a physically transient resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device was fabricated by using egg protein and graphene quantum dot composites as active layers. The sandwich structure composed of Al/EA:GQD/ITO shows a good write-once-multiple-read memory characteristic, and the introduced GQD improves the switching current ratio of the device. By using the sensitivity of GQDs to ultraviolet light, the logic operation of the "OR gate" is completed. Furthermore, the device exhibits a physical transient behavior and good biodegradability due to the dissolution behavior in deionized water. These results suggest that the device is a favorable candidate for the construction of memory elements for transient electronic systems.


Objective: The research aims to identify the factors related to the stroke incidence of postmenopause women at Seruni Room of Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin. Technology or Method: This study used analytical surveys with case-control design. The population is women of post-menopause at Seruni Room of Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin with sample consisting of 40 people. The data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher's exact test with α = 0.05. Results: There is a correlation between the stroke incidence with the ages with value of p = 0.000. Family disease history with the stroke incidence with the value of p = 0.002. Longterm menopause with stroke incidence with the p value= 0.004 and there was correlation with obesity with the stroke incidence by the value of 0.008 of women of post-menopause at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin. Conclusion: There was a meaningful relationship among age, family disease history, old menopause and obesity with the stroke incidence of post-menopause women at Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin


Thin films of silver nanoclusters deposited on Si substrates are studied using scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The nanoclusters are produced by dc magnetron sputtering followed by gas aggregation in a dense buffer gas. The film deposition is performed in a low impact energy regime with mass (size) selected clusters. These clusters were treated with rapid thermal annealing that gives an idea about the melting and evaporation mechanism of silver nanoclusters. Subsequent annealing of the grown silver film allows one to analyse the structure of the film and the character of its evolution. At room temperature, deposited clusters are distributed randomly, and annealing of the film leads to joining of clusters–monomers in non-compact clusters. At high temperatures, evaporation of clusters takes place. Parameters of the processes under consideration are estimated.


At present,the solitary elders in rural areas in China have a different life,and the system of social support to the solitary elders is quite bad.The main body,object,contents and ways are not A-OK.To build up and improve the system of social support to the solitary elders in rural areas,we must make the main body and the concrete duties clear,and consummate the contents,and innovate the ways,and advance the development of social work.


Abstract The kinetics of Na + -isotopic exchange in zeolite A has been measured with a new experimental method at 21 °C. The exchange rate does not fit the classical function for the time-dependence of an ideal diffusion process. This confirms what had been observed earlier for the isotopic exchange of Rb-and Cs-ions1 . It is assumed that, on the average, the initial by stronger bound cations start diffusing later than the other cations. Further it is assumed hat the distribution over the different lattice sites is temperature dependent. The solution of the appropriate diffusion equation yields the diffusion constant D along with the fraction of stronger bound cations and the probability b (sec-1) of escape of these cations from their lattice sites. In the case of the Cs+-isotopic exchange the agreement between calculated and measured exchange curves is excellent. The results of this investigation show that the method of isotopic exchange between solid and solution as carefully investigated by Zimen2 can be used to determine the distribution of exchangeable cations over different sites.


Mark-I radome for ISTRAC-ISRO comprised of 166 panels (Hexagon and Pentagon) with 5000 blts. It was required to reduce the number of panels and bolts for improved along performance along hexagonal shaped panels were chosen and Mark-II radome with 66 panels and 300 bolts was fabricated successful. This project document details the fabrication procedure for Mark-I1 radome.


A case of Fabry's disease in a 52-year-old man is reported. At the age of 45 the patient developed uremia, and nephrectomy and kidney transplantation were performed. The follow-up is described and compared to other published cases. Up to now no single therapy is known, but kidney transplantation appears to be justified.


The authors have obtained the data of the organization culture and the organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) by questionnaire based on 221 employees from 7 corporations in Dalian.The principal component analysis method is used to get five common components from OCB data.This paper analyzes the differentiation of OCB under different types of organization culture using monofactorial variance analysis method.The analytical result is as follows : There is notable differentiation of OCB in different types of organization culture;and in the active culture conditions,OCB gets lower scores than the other three types of organization culture.


Tristram Shandy presents an extreme in novelistic interpretation, since the presumed events of the narrative, of Tristram's autobiography and the Shandy family history, are not only told out of order, but are frequently cut off and fragmentary. At times, the suggestion of a word causes the narrative to jump from an event in 1718, say, to Toby's battle experience at Namur in 1695. The plot is peculiar in its appearance of non-linearity and disorder. Also, related to this, Tristram frequently interrupts the narrated events and reflexively calls attention to the question of narration itself. We will here propose that the attendant interpretive problems of this odd narrative are, for the most part, due to a confusion over the concept of plot. The tendency of much of the criticism is to take the events that the narrator says he is narrating unquestioningly as the plot of the novel. The narrator's statements about narrating (as journey, line, digression, etc.) and his recounting of what he is doing and when he is doing it are then seen as somehow above or beyond the plot, as if' these were outside the domain of the narrative proper. Even recent critically sophisticated readings -for instance, Hillis Miller's using Shandy as an exemplar of the deconstruction of linear plot, and Dennis Allen's attending to the linguistic play of the novel-seem to privilege the comments of the narrator, distancing them from the rest of the narrative, and almost taking them as if they were literal, as critical comments on narrative rather than as part of the narrative itself.'


(57) The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I) wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen, halogen, —CN, a hydrocarbyl group, or a compound of the formula (II) , An aryl or heterocyclic group, wherein R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, —OH, amino, alkanoylamino, —OPO 3 H 2 , or hydrocarbyl group, wherein said amino group is And the hydroxy group is optionally esterified, or the two R 4 groups together form an optionally substituted cyclic or heterocyclic group; X is -S -, - O -, - S (O) -, - S (O 2) -, and is selected from -NH-; p is an integer from 0 to 4; is and q, 1 to 4 is selected from the group of integers}, R 3 and R 10 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, or (IV) wherein Y is selected from —NH—, —O—, or a bond; Z is selected from —NH—, —O—, —C (O) —, or a bond; Is an integer from 0 to 4; t is an integer from 0 to 1; R 6 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, or a formula (V) (where n is an integer from 1 to 6; And R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from a group of} selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group); and R 11 is hydrogen or lower alkyl. Or a salt or solvate thereof, provided that: I) R 1 is an unsubstituted phenylthio group (Ph-S—), R 2 is H, R 10 is H, and R 11 if There is H, R 3 is neither -C (O) -O-CH 2 CH 3 even H; and, II) R 1, R 2 , and R 3 are all H Is not that there]. Such compounds are expected to cause selective destruction of tumor vasculature. Thus, it may be used to inhibit and / or reverse and / or alleviate the symptoms of angiogenesis and / or a condition associated with angiogenesis.


The authors give an in-depth analysis of the trends and challenges of social responsibility of Chinese investors in Africa, and provide some thought-provoking suggestions for possible triangular cooperation among China, Europe and Africa in promoting more responsible investment in Africa.


BACKGROUND/AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We used the TU12 cell line possessing CD133-expressing CCSCs. After isolating CD133 (-) and CD133 (+) CCSCs, we overexpressed and knocked-down TGM2 to investigate its role in human CCSCs.

RESULTS
The expression level of TGM2 was 25-fold higher in tumorigenic cells than non-tumorigenic cells. We found that knockdown of TGM2 by specific RNA interference markedly inhibited cell growth and caused down-regulation of the stemness markers, CD133, SOX2, and β-catenin. We further demonstrated that knockdown of TGM2 inhibited cell metastatic abilities by down-regulating N-cadherin and vimentin and up-regulating E-cadherin. These findings revealed that TGM2 expression is markedly increased in human colorectal cancer and that down-regulation of TGM2 in tumors may serve as a treatment for colorectal cancer patients. Therefore, this study indicate that TGM2 affects the metastatic potential and stemness of CCSCs by regulating EMT- and stemness-related proteins.

CONCLUSION
The metastatic potential of CSCs arises from highly expressed TGM2.


More and more attention were paid to atmospheric inhalable particulate matter because of its small size,large specific surface area,strong adsorption,complex composition and other characteristics.In recent years,a lot of researches on the toxic mechanism of cardiovascular system induced by atmospheric particles were performed.The toxic mechanisms of cardiovascular system induced by atmospheric particulate matter were reviewed from many aspects in the past two decades in this paper,such as oxidative stress,inflammatory injury,blood system injury,autonomic nervous system imbalance,cardiac ion channels.The future prospects of research in this field were also discussed.


x Chemotaxonomical Characterization of Solanum nigrum and its Varieties ABSTRACT Solanum nigrum Complex is the name given to a group of closely related plants whose taxonomic status is an International controversy among different taxonomists. But no chemotaxonomic relationship has so far been studied due to lack of comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of the individual plant taxa. The present chemotaxonomic studies, alongwith nutritional and biological evaluation, of the five locally available plant taxa of S. nigrum Complex viz.: S. americanum Mill., S. chenopodioides Lam., S. nigrum L., S. retroflexum Dunal and S. villosum Mill. were carried out in order to resolve the controversy on their taxonomic status and to reveal the medicinal importance of the individual taxa. In these studies the morphologically different plant taxa were grown under controlled conditions in the Botanic Garden, GC University Lahore, Pakistan, and third accession of each taxon was taken for the chemotaxonomic investigations. Comparative analyses of these plant samples were undertaken with respect to the Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Epicuticular wax as potential characters. The HPLC and GC-MS analyses of these constituents had not been reported previously. Also, with the exception of S. nigrum, literature is silent on the detailed chemical analysis of the taxa under study. Statistical analyses of results grouped taxa into different clusters. The comparison of alkaloidal profile of the five taxa was used to establish the boundaries among close taxonomic groups. Yield of total glycoalkaloids in the five taxa ranged from 68.9±0.6 to 25±0.8% as determined by Titrimetric method. Glycoalkaloids analysed by HPLC demonstrated that the concentration of β-Solamargine was much higher in S. villosum (9.8 mg/g) than other samples but that of α-Solamargine was relatively higher in S. nigrum (5.03 mg/g). There was a gradual change in Solasonine concentration ranging from 2.01 mg/g (S. villosum) to 5.8 mg/g (S. nigrum). α-Solanine concentration was maximum in S. retroflexum. GC-MS of the aglycones depicted that percentage of Solanidine in the samples varied from 8.85-20.31% (being highest in S. retroflexum) while that of Solasodine from 66.99-85.67% (being highest in S. americanum). Significant distances were shown between S. chenopodioides and S. villosum as well as in


The Department of Energy created the Office of Environmental Management (EM) to conduct a 30-year plus, multi-billion dollar program to manage the wastes and cleanup the legacy from over fifty years of nuclear material production. Across the DOE System there are thousands of sites containing millions of metric tons of buried wastes and contaminated soils and groundwater. Additionally, there are nearly 400,000 m{sup 3} of highly radioactive wastes in underground storage tanks, over 1,400 different mixed-waste streams, and thousands of contaminated surplus facilities, some exceeding 200,000 m{sup 2} in size. Costs to remediate all these problems have been estimated to be as much as several hundred billion dollars. The tremendous technical challenges with some of the problems and the high costs of using existing technologies has led the Department to create the Office of Technology Development (TD) to lead an aggressive, integrated national program to develop and deploy the needed advanced, cost-effective technologies. This program is developing technologies for all major cleanup steps: assessment, characterization, retrieval, treatment, final stabilization, and disposal. Work is focused on the Department`s five major problem areas: High-Level Waste Tank Remediation; Contaminant Plume Containment and Remediation; Mixed Waste Characterization, Treatment, and Disposal; Contaminated Soils and Buried more » Wastes Facility Transitioning, Decommissioning, and Final Disposal. « less


Existing models of mandatory integrity control in operating systems restrict accesses of active components of a system to passive ones and represent the accesses directly: subjects get read or write access to objects. Such a representation can be used in modeling of monolithic operating systems whose components that provide access to resources are part of the trusted computing base. However, the implementation of these components is extremely complex. Therefore, it is arduous to prove the absence of bugs (vulnerabilities) in them. In other words, proving such a model to be adequate to the real system is nontrivial and often left unsolved. This article presents a mandatory integrity control model for a microkernel operating system called KasperskyOS. Microkernel organization of the system allows us to minimize the trusted computing base to include only the microkernel and a limited number of other components. Parts of the system that provide resource access are generally considered untrusted. Even if some of them are erroneous, the operating system can still provide particular security guarantees. To prove that by means of a model, we introduce the notion of object drivers as intermediaries in operations on objects. We define the requirements that object drivers must satisfy. We also add the means for analysis of the consequences of violations of the requirements. We state and prove that the model either preserves integrity if all active components satisfy the requirements, or restricts the negative impact if some of the components are compromised. Correct implementation of the model guarantees that compromised components will not affect components with higher or incomparable integrity levels. We describe a policy specification language developed in accordance with the model. We provide an example of using it to describe a security policy that ensures a correct update of a system operated by KasperskyOS.


The Hungarian film industry has undergone a huge change recently, becoming a pull sector and repositioning the country in Europe. The economic performance of Budapest's film industry is growing steadily, which has also been facilitated by the strategic steps of recent years, making the capital a key player on the film map of Europe. In the case of Budapest, the diversity of the city is clearly outlined, as it primarily serves as a backdrop for various film productions. Using primary and secondary sources, the research focuses on the supply elements of film tourism in Budapest and the changes in the economic environment affecting the film industry. In the analysis, different types of film tourism are explored through interviews with the actors of film tourism. The research seeks to highlight factors that can boost film tourism in Budapest and make the city even more prominent on the film map of Europe.


A good choice: A new catalytic method was found for the construction of stereogenic quaternary carbon centers through a copper-catalyzed domino conjugated reduction/aldol reaction of methyl acrylate with various alkyl aryl ketones. The proper choice of the chiral diphosphine ligand leads to high chemo-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity.


AbstractThe composition, structure, and properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) vary as a function of position within the material. The extrusion of bulk FGMs, that is FGMs in which the changes occur over distances of many millimetres throughout the crosssection, is described. Graded materials containing up to 30 vol.-%SiCp in a matrix of aluminium alloy Al 2124 were successfully extruded from preforms produced using a cylindrical stacking method employing concentric, cylindrical aluminium foil tubes. However, the extent of the steady state extrusion region was increased by adopting a conical stacking method. For both stacking methods a pure aluminium surface layer was required to reduce the friction associated with the high silicon carbide contents. PM/0729


Gravity waves (GWs) generated in the lower atmosphere can propagate upwards to ionospheric height. In this study, we investigated the correlation between ionospheric GWs detected by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-derived total electron content data and thunderstorm events recorded by a local lightning-detection network in the low-latitude region of Southern China during a four-year period, from 2014 to 2017. Ionospheric GWs were detected on both thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. Daytime ionospheric GW activity on high-thunderstorm days showed a similar convex-function-like diurnal variation to thunderstorm activity, which is different to the concave-function-like pattern on non-thunderstorm days. Daytime ionospheric GW activity on low-thunderstorm days showed an approximately linear rising trend and was of a larger magnitude than that of high-thunderstorm days, suggesting it may be mixed by non-thunderstorm origins. Night-time enhancement of ionospheric GW activity was observed on thunderstorm days but not on non-thunderstorm days. Furthermore, ionospheric GW activity on thunderstorm days showed a positive correlation to solar activity. These findings can effectively distinguish thunderstorm-related ionospheric GWs from those of non-thunderstorm origins and provide more comprehensive knowledge of thunderstorm–ionosphere coupling in low-latitude areas.


Standing on how to carry out the spirit of National Medium and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development Program(year 2012-2020),this article elaborates the idea of how to understand the innovative education in depth and light the torch of thinking in the practice of science and technology innovation,in order to cultivate students to love the society,bulid up healthy mentality,have the courage to explore and finally become high quality talents.It also shows the result of the work,so as to share this with all colleagues in the field.


Objectives: To determine the prevalence of myocardial depression and its effect on the clinical severity in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Design: Clinical study. Setting: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Patients: Ninety-one children (age 10.5 ± 2.9 yrs, male/female = 52/39) with serologically or polymerase chain reaction-proven dengue virus infection. Interventions: Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was measured. The proportions of patients with EF <50% were identified in patients with dengue fever (DF, n = 30), dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock (DHF, n = 36), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS, n = 25). Comparisons of clinical findings were made among DSS patients with depressed ventricular function (EF <50%), fair ventricular function (EF ≥50% and <60%), and good ventricular function (EF ≥60%). Serum troponin T was analyzed in nine patients. Measurements and Main Results: EF during toxic stage was significantly lower in patients with DSS than DHF, and lower in DHF than DF (p = .05) with rapid recovery within 24–48 hrs. EF <50% was found in 6.7%, 13.8%, and 36% of patients with DF, DHF, and DSS during the toxic stage, respectively (p = .01). DSS patients with poor ventricular function had significantly more tachycardia and hepatomegaly. While end-diastolic volumes were similarly reduced, patients with lower EF tended to have lower cardiac output, required more aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, developed larger pleural effusion, and had higher incidence of respiratory embarrassment. No patient had elevated troponin T level. Conclusions: Transient myocardial depression is not uncommon in patients with DSS. Cardiac dysfunction in children with DSS may contribute to the clinical severity and the degree of fluid overload in these patients.


We develop a phenomenological model describing the structural and topological effects of the disorder in hydrogenated amorphous carbons (a-C:H), through the analysis of the Raman G-peak width and the optical absorption spectra, providing information on the densities of electronic π ad π* states (πDOS). We show that the Urbach energy is not related to topological disorder but to the Gaussian width (σπ) of the πDOS, peaked at ±Eπ energies above∕below the Fermi level. σπ, on its turn, is not related in a straightforward manner to the disorder. The disorder is better represented by the σπ∕Eπ ratio, expressing the disorder-induced narrowing of the Tauc optical gap.


A broad-line fluorine magnetic resonance study of the solid addition compounds SF4•AsF5 and IF7•AsF5 shows that each has two types of chemically distinct fluorine in the ratios of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. The fine structure and the second moments of the spectra are consistent with the ionic formulations SF3+AsF6− and IF6+AsF6−. Bond lengths in the iodine compound are discussed in relation to the observed second moment at liquid-nitrogen temperature and the calculated rigid-lattice second moment based on the detailed sodium-chloride-type crystal structure of Beaton. The chemical shifts of the fluorines in the three ionic species are measured relative to trifluoracetic acid and to HF. Reorientations of the ions in the solid state are discussed on the basis of the change in second moment with temperature for each compound. A very rough estimate of the anisotropy of chemical shift in IF6+AsF6− is made from the slope of the second moment vs. field-squared line at liquid-nitrogen temperature.


Recently, eccentrically braced frames (EBF) have been
advanced as an economic solution to the seismic design
problem. Because Building Codes generally do not give
guidelines for selection of member proportions, for a
set of given design forces it is possible to design
frames in several different stiffness combination. But,
the inelastic behavior of EBFs with several different
stiffness combination according to the length of link
is not known clearly yet. In addtion, to perform reliable
inelastic and dynamic analysis of EBFs, which rely on shear
or moment yielding of the link element, accurate modeling
of behavior of these element is essential. In this study,
the inelastic behavior of EBFs according to length of link
was analyzed as follows. First of all, EBFs with several
different stiffness combination (Case 1, Case 2, Case 3)
was designed. And then, this model was analyzed using the
adequate modeling technique of link element by DRAIN-2DX
(Ver. 1.10)


In 2002 the journal Prevention and Treatment published a study that investigated the efficacy of antidepressant medication. The authors analysed published and unpublished data submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by pharmaceutical companies seeking approval for new antidepressant drugs. The study collated data from 47 clinical trials in the period 1987 1999. These trials had tested the efficacy of six of the most widely prescribed antidepressants: fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), venlafaxine (Effexor), nefazodone (Serzone), and citalopram (Celexa). A metaanalysis of the data generated some surprising conclusions: 80 per cent of the improvement in patients taking the drugs was also seen in patients in placebo control groups; and the mean difference in improvement between patients taking the drug and those in the placebo group was only a few points on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. There appeared to be very little difference, for participants in these clinical trials, between taking an antidepressant and taking a placebo. The authors concluded that the potency of these antidepressants was 'small and of questionable clinical value' (Kirsch et al. 2002). The 2002 study followed on from an earlier paper (Kirsch and Sapirstein 1998), published in the same journal by the same lead author, that reached similar conclusions. In 1998, a meta-analysis of 19 clinical trials indicated that placebo response accounted for about 75 per cent of the response to active antidepressant medication. This pattern was evident with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclics and other medications (like lithium) that have been prescribed for depression. The authors concluded that 'the placebo component of the response to [antidepressant] medication is considerably greater than the pharmacological effect' (Kirsch and Sapirstein 1998).


The present application provides a wireless communication method and apparatus relates to the field of communications. The method comprising: receiving a first wireless signal to a target device a direction of arrival; transmission path quality acquisition history of the path corresponding to the wave direction; history in response to the channel quality is below a first threshold value, prohibits transmitting a second radio signal in the opposite direction to the direction of the wave. The method of disabling gradually lower the quality of each transmission path history path, the path history and retain high quality transmission path, helps to reduce power consumption and lower radiation personnel.


Objective To explore the brain function of depressed patients with vascular risk factors using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(refry).Methods 23 depressed patients with vascular risk factors(case group) and 21 gender,age,educationl background and vascular risk factors matched normal controls(control group) received rsfMRI scan.The regional homogeneity(ReHo) and amiplitude low frequency(ALFF) were analyzed and compared.Results Compared with the control group,the ReHo in the case group was decreased in right inferior frontal gyros,left superior frontal gyros,left temporal gyros,both cingulate gyros,right insular and left thalamic;and increased in right cuneus and right occipital lobe.The ALFF in the case group was decreased in the limbic cortical striatal pallidal thalamic circuit;and increased in right middle temporal gyros and right superior temporal gyrus.Conclusion Many brain regions have abnormal function in depressed patients with vascular risk factors.


The introduction of broadband in schools provides a new resource for learning but also an opportunity for distraction. Consequently, broadband use in schools can either increase or reduce students' performance. This paper provides a model that shows how these two effects trade off. We use a rich panel of data with information on broadband use in all schools in Portugal and on students' performance in the 9th grade national exams to learn how broadband use affects performance. We use a first-differences specification to control for school-specific unobserved effects. We also use a proxy for the quality of the broadband connection as an instrument to control for unobserved time-varying effects. We show that high levels of broadband use in schools in 2008 and 2009 are detrimental for the grades of 9th grade students. For the average broadband use in schools, grades reduce about 0.76 and 0.67 of a standard deviation in 2008 and 2009, respectively. We also show evidence suggesting that broadband has a negative impact on exam scores regardless of gender, subject or school quality. We also find suggestive evidence that the way schools allow students to use the Internet affects students' performance, in particular, students in schools that block access to websites such as YouTube perform relatively better. Although test scores do not measure all the effects that broadband in schools have on the performance of students throughout life, our results show that the introduction of Internet in schools is a task that deserves careful planning.


The aged patients seem to be confronted with barriers when using health services. Yet, care providers are often oblivious to these barriers, although they may share to some extent the burden of responsibility for them. OBJECTIVES: To study the perceptions and attitudes of geriatric health care seekers towards the health care system. To assess the potential barriers that may restrict the geriatric people from using health services. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 participants' ≥65 years who were attending health institutions in both rural and urban setting using pre-tested, semi- structured interview schedule. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi-info version 6.0 software. RESULT: Positive impact was found on regard to the family doctor, essential works being carried out, knowledge about the institute (P=0.000, 0.014, 0.001 respectively). Exercise played significant role among the males and females (P=0.017). Literacy had some positive impact on health status (P=0.025), essential works being carried out for themselves (P=0.033) and helpful attitude of family members (P=0.019). CONCLUSION: The significance were being observed in regards to the personal and family level both of which could be related to ignorance towards the health care for themselves or for a geriatric