BACKGROUND
Collisions between emergency vehicles for emergency medical services (EMS) and public road users have been a serious problem, impacting on the safety of road users, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and the patients on board.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to develop a novel intelligent emergency vehicle warning system for EMS applications.

METHODS
The intelligent emergency vehicle warning system is developed by Internet of Things (IoT), radio-frequency identification (RFID), and Wi-Fi technologies.

RESULTS
The system consists of three major parts: a system trigger tag, an RFID system in an emergency vehicle, and an RFID system at an intersection. The RFID system either in an emergency vehicle or at an intersection contains a controller, an ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) RFID reader module, a Wi-Fi module, and a 2.4-GHz antenna. In addition, a UHF ID antenna is especially designed for the RFID system in an emergency vehicle. The IoT system provides real-time visual warning at an intersection and siren warning from an emergency vehicle in order to effectively inform road users about an emergency vehicle approaching.

CONCLUSION
The developed intelligent IoT emergency vehicle warning system demonstrates the capabilities of real-time visual and siren warnings for EMS safety.


Aim : To understand the views of nursing students about the education of healthcare management in terms of their academic background. Method: this is a qualitative study developing theory based on a data approach. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 students of two different Brazilian universities. To analyze the information, we used open, axial and selective codification. Results: the identification of defined categories: recognizing the interconnections among the subjects helped the client as a whole; associating healthcare management to the understanding of the real physical and mental necessities of the client; understanding healthcare management as a wide and complex activity related to the direct and indirect healthcare of the client, and; related to the fact there is a higher emphasis on the theoretical content compared with the practical, especially regarding healthcare management, which empowers the client with a more humanized and more complete healthcare service. Conclusion: the students understand that management, in the face of institutional demands, is a strategy to develop better healthcare


Several themes have emerged during recent years in the psychopharmacology of depression literature. Not only is depression a recurrent condition, but its tendency to become increasingly severe and refractory to treatment over time has led investigators to argue for longer duration of continuation and maintenance therapies. This trend parallels reports that the "new medications," especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), offer significant benefits in terms of compliance and safety in overdose compared with their forerunners such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Despite considerably higher "up-front" costs, pharmacoeconomists have mounted a convincing argument that these new drugs are really a bargain in the long run—reducing expensive hospitalizations, especially admissions to cardiac intensive care units after near lethal overdoses, and minimizing lost work days. For such claims to warrant any merit, however, there needs to be firm evidence that the new agents are at least as effective in clinical practice as the previous generation of antidepressants.


A large number of sensors are deployed for performing various tasks in the smart cities. The sensors are connected with each other through the Internet that leads to the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). As the time passes, the number of deployed sensors is exponentially increasing. Not only this, the enhancement of sensors has also laid the base of automation. However, the increased number of sensors make the IoT networks more complex and scaled. Due to the increasing size and complexity, IoT networks of scale-free nature are found highly prone to attacks. In order to maintain the functionality of crucial applications, it is mandatory to increase the robustness of IoT networks. Additionally, it has been found that scale-free networks are resistant to random attacks. However, they are highly vulnerable to intentional, malicious, deliberate, targeted and cyber attacks where nodes are destroyed based on preference. Moreover, sensors of IoT network have limited communication, processing and energy resources. Hence, they cannot bear the load of computationally extensive robustness algorithms. A communication model is proposed in this paper to save the sensors from computational overhead of robustness algorithms by migrating the computational load to back-end high power processing clusters. Elephant Herding Robustness Evolution (EHRE) algorithm is proposed based on an enhanced communication model. In the proposed work, 6 phases of operations are used: initialization, sorting, clan updating, clan separating,selection and formation, and filtration. These process collectively increase the robustness of the scale-free IoT networks. EHRE is compared with well-known previous algorithms and is proven to be robust with a remarkable lead in performance. Moreover, EHRE is capable to achieve global optimum results in less number of iterations. EHRE achieves 95% efficiency after 60 iterations and 99% efficiency after 70 iterations. Moreover, EHRE performs 58.77% better than Enhanced Differential Evolution (EDE) algorithm, 65.22% better than Genetic Algorithm (GA), 86.35% better than Simulating Annealing (SA) and 94.77% better than Hill climbing Algorithm (HA).


All nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells are surrounded by a host-derived peribacteroid membrane. Components of this membrane are supplied directly by the ER and Golgi of the host cell. The peribacteroid space lies between the peribacteroid and bacteroid membranes and contains several activities typically found in vacuoles, namely; protease, acid trehalase, alpha-mannosidase isoenzyme II and protein protease inhibitor. Thus bacteroids inhabit an environment which fulfils the definition of a lysosome. Since the endosymbiotic organelles are morphologically different from the lytic compartment normally present in a root cortex cell (the central vacuole), it is proposed that they represent organ-specific modifications of lysosomes, analogous to the protein bodies of seeds. Perisymbiontic membranes are features common to all known plant endosymbioses (involving rhizobia, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza etc.) and the implications of this lead to the hypothesis that in all these cases the endosymbiont is compartmentalized within a specialized host lysosome.


Objective To establish an experimental evaluation method for PM10 removal efficiency of air-cleaning device in the central air conditioning ventilation system. Methods The classification efficiency of air-cleaning device was measured by generating monodisperse aerosol in the wind tunnel. PM10 removal efficiency of air-cleaning device in the central air-conditioning ventilation system was calculated. Results The relative deviation of PM10 removal efficiency of air-cleaning device was less than 10% at the airflow velocity of no less than 4m/s. Conclusion The method is applicable to the evaluation of PM10 removal efficiency of air-cleaning device.


Triangle zones normally develop in foreland fold-and-thrust belts and become favorable object of petroleum exploration.The geometry and nomenclature of triangle zones vary from place to place,among which Alberta-style triangle zone is of common significance.Progresses have been made on triangle zones in that a large number of work have been done at home and abroad in recent years.Based on physical and numerical modeling and integration of geological data,different kinematic and genetic models have been proposed,in which two kinematic models and a genetic model,prograding monocline model,are presented in this paper.Factors influencing the formation and development of triangle zones include decollement,variation of mechanical stratigraphy,syntectonic sedimentation,erosion and so on.Owing to their complexity in structure,triangle zones commonly have poor quality on seismic profiles.Consequently,seismic modeling and strata-in-growth method can be used to identify triangle zones.Seismic explorations demonstrate that triangle zones are widely distributed in zones around the basins in western China,and several examples are shown in this paper.


It was compared with experimental data to verify TRNSYS Model of the thermosyphon hot water system and the various simulations were conducted to optimize the component parameters of the system. To obtain consistent simulation results the system model, which could accurately describ the thermal storage tank temperature stratification and the friction head for mass flow rate, was used.
The optimization of collector parameters (collector aspect ratio, riser numbers per header unit length), thermal storage tank parameters (ratio of tank length to tank diameter, heat exchanger type), system parameters (ratio of tank volume to collector area) was simulated by TRNSYS program.
The simulation results indicate that the system performance is more effected by collector aspect ratio and the ratio of tank volume to collector area than the othor parameters.


Flow characteristics, such as secondary currents, Reynolds stress and turbulence energy, in the cross-section of gradually shallowed open channel flows were investigated with a hot-film anemometer. The wake strength parameter II decreases in the flow direction. It was confirmed that the value of n is determined by the pressure gradient parameter β. An exponential function describing the relationship between ri and β is proposed. The strength of the secondary currents decreases along the flow direction. The shape of iso-velocity lines in a cross section looks like the rectangular shape. The Reynolds stress takes a negative value near the water surface in the vicinity of the side wall.


ABSTRACT Two binary phases in the system Hf–O have been synthesized at pressures between 12 and 34 GPa and at temperatures up to 3000 K by reacting Hf with HfO using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. In situ X-ray diffraction in conjunction with density functional theory calculations has been employed to characterize a previously unreported tetragonal Hf O phase. This phase has a structure which is based on an fcc Hf packing with oxygen atoms occupying octahedral interstitial positions. Its predicted bulk modulus is 223(1) GPa. The second phase has a composition close to Hf O, where oxygen atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites in an hcp Hf packing. Its experimentally determined bulk modulus is 128(30) GPa. The phase diagram of Hf metal was further constrained at high pressures and temperatures, where we show that α-Hf transforms to β-Hf around 2160(150) K and 18.2 GPa and β-Hf remains stable up to at least 2800 K at this pressure.


Financial services firms have pushed for application of enterprise risk management (ERM) within their firms as a response to flawed risk management and in-house governance systems. The problem is that while enterprise risks continue to be managed with a fragmented strategy among risk managers in the financial services industry, aggregation of risk strategies remains problematic due to inconsistent views on effective ERM strategy among practitioners. This literature review explores a wide range of issues as well as different practices and strategies related to ERM, highlighting the knowledge needed for financial services firms to effectively aggregate differing concepts of risk among their managers in order to develop an effective ERM strategy.


Objectives: Hemifacial spasm is characterised by involuntary, rhythmic, tonic or clonic contractions originating from the facial nerve and occurring intermittently in unilateral facial muscles. The most commonly reported cause of hemifacial spasm is the compression of the facial nerve at its root exit/ entry zone by an ectatic or aberrant blood vessel, leading to local demyelination. In this study, we compared magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings from patients with hemifacial spasm and controls to determine whether vertebral artery dominance is part of the aetiology of this condition.
Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted with data from 40 patients with hemifacial spasm who received botulinum toxin injections and for whom MRA findings were accessible, and 42 patients of similar age and sex who presented with symptoms of nonspecific headache in the outpatient neurology clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging and unenhanced time-of-flight MRA examinations from the study and control groups were evaluated.
Results: A dominant vertebral artery was present in 52.2% of patients in the hemifacial spasm group and 33.3% of those in the control group, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.079).
Conclusions: The lack of significant results supporting our hypothesis may be attributable to the small study population. Further studies with larger groups are warranted.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sandwich materials intended for making aircraft rescue hardware, particularly, to making sliding ways of rescue duckboards, mainly, to sandwich material for rescue means. It comprises textile substrate of synthetic threads with polyurethane coat with fire retardant applied thereon on face and back sides. Said textile substrate represents a polyester fabric. Said polyurethane coat comprises extra fluorine rubber. Face side includes additionally an electrically conducting layer. Said electrically conducting layer contains polyurethane, fluorine rubber and carbon filler. Carbon nanotubes are used as a carbon filler. EFFECT: higher wear resistance and tensile strength. 5 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex


Potato protein fractions was isolated by combing dialysis and isoelectric precipitation,and their partial physicochemical and functional properties were determined. The results showed that the isolation procedure was feasible,with the acid and alkaline protein fraction of potato tuber accounting for 0.535% and 0.741%,respectively,and their purity were 92.5% and 89.2%,respectively. The acid protein fraction s sedimentation coefficient was 5S,consisting principally of one subunit band with apparent MW 41 kD. The alkline protein fraction s sedimentation coefficient was 8S,with 4 subunit bands detected in the SDS-PAGE pattern,and apparent MW 25,23,22 kD and 16 kD,respectively. The 5S fraction showed greater surface hydrophobicity,fat absorption,and emulsifying capacity,while lower sulfhydryl content,foaming capacity. The 8S fraction showed greater sulfhydryl content and foaming capacity than 5S fraction. The protein fractions of potato were the best choice for functional foods.


ENGTH of fiber is an important factor in determining the market L value of different cottons. In the United States premiums are paid for the longer cottons and a discount is made where the length of staple is below 15/16 inch. Consequently, breeders and other investigators engaged in cotton improvement work are interested in fiber length and its measurement. Cotton fiber length is usually measured or estimated by the commercial staple method where the classer measures or estimates one or more "pulls" from a sample of lint. This method is used exclusively on the markets. The distribution of fiber length and the mean length in lint cotton or in seed cotton can also be determined by using either optical equipment or mechanical sorters. The combed staple length on the cottonseed is generally used by breeders in testing the length of fiber from cotton strains, and usually the fibers are combed out (with a small hand comb) at right angles to the long axis of the seed. Measurement of the combed staple length is made on a black velvet pad (Fig. I). Commercial staple length can be determined only by professional classers or by cotton breeders skilled in estimating it. The relationship of results from these two methods should be known. The purpose of this paper is to show the association of combed staple length on the cottonseed with commercial staple length in American upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.


For a successful construction project, systematic and objective decision-making is a prerequisite from the planning and designing stages. However, previous LCC analysis methods have focused only on simple cost savings and the accompanying economic efficacy while missing the environmental aspects of a structure. Although recently, a new approach of integrated CO₂ analysis has been introduced, which is more advanced than the existing simple LCC methods, it is difficult to collect all of the data necessary for each evaluation item since the product-specific cost is not presented under the LCC. In this research, cost evaluation items were selected by relatively high weights and items with heavy influence over a decision-making process in order to suggest an LCC-LCA integrated analysis model that is useful in comprehensively assessing the economic cost and environmental cost throughout the whole life cycle of a structure. The developed LCC-LCA integrated analysis model was applied to actual practices and compared with previous methods to test the model"s effectiveness.


The invention relates to a correlation method of distributed access points in a wireless Mesh network, which belongs to the technical field of the wireless Mesh network access. The method is characterized in that each access point of a wireless Mesh network adopts transmission of an uplink data message and a downlink data message to carry information needed to be collected by the access point, including the number of indirect users of the relevant access point and the average required bandwidth of the indirect users; during the access to the network, the user obtains a list of all accessible access points at first and then obtains various types of information needed for calculation in a relevancy algorithm from each access point in the list, including the number of direct users of the relevant access point, the number of indirect users of the relevant access point, the average required bandwidth of the direct users and the average required bandwidth of the indirect users; and then the user calls an optimal relevancy access point calculated in the relevancy algorithm and initiates relevancy to the access point. The mechanism disclosed in the invention can make the fulfillment rate of the average bandwidth of the relevant access point relatively balanced on the basis of ensuring a certain fulfillment rate of the required bandwidth of the user, thereby ensuring the load balance of the wireless Mesh network.


Anthors briefly introduce two types clinometers.One is CQ type photoelectric many-spots sequent clinometer.The other is CQ type magnetic sphere directional single-spot clinometer.According to slope anchor cable bore's incline-measure state of a huge hydropower station,anthors expound incline-measure technology of anchor cable bore,analyse and discuss on the result of measuring.The purpose is providing the following similar projects with use for reference or consult.By local incline-measure,the two types clinometers can basically meet construction need,but also they have some shortage.


OBJECTIVES
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide, which is one of the most major pregnancy complications. The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lncRNA-loc391533 on PE were evaluated in the present study.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Expression of VEGF in pregnant women with PE was determined using immunohistochemical and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects of lncRNA-loc391533 knockdown and overexpression on VEGF expression was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Loss/gain-of-function assays were performed to evaluate the role of lncRNA-loc391533 on proliferation, cell cycle and migration of trophoblasts HTR-8/SVneo cells.

RESULTS
We found that VEGF and its receptor VEGFR1/2 were low expressed in PE. Knockdown of lncRNA-loc391533 enhanced VEGF expression, while overexpression of lncRNA-loc391533 downregulated VEGF. Moreover, lncRNA-loc391533 was required for proliferation and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells.

CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, our findings emphasized that lncRNA-loc391533 exhibited a critical role in progression of PE through VEGF, which might as a novel therapeutic target for PE treatment.


This paper provides a survey of both old and new results about minimal surfaces and submanifolds. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 54C40, 14E20 (primary), 46E25, 20C20 (secondary).


Background.

Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) is an infectious disease reported in all production types of chickens. TVP is manifested in decreased body weight gains, wide weight diversity of birds in the flock and poor feed conversion. Histopathological examination seems to be the most reliable method for confirming the disease. Although TVP etiology has not been explicitly defined, a novel virus identified as a member of the Birnaviridae family, named chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) has been isolated from clinical cases of TVP and it is now considered as a potential factor of a disease. The study was undertaken in order to reproduce the disease under laboratory conditions and to evaluate the etiology of first described Polish case of TVP.
Results.

Anatomopathological and histopathological evaluation reveled that we've succeeded to reproduce TVP in broiler chickens. Within 14 days after infection birds gained approximately 30,38% less body weight in comparison to Control group. In TVP infected group a seroconversion against FAdV and IBDV was recorded 14 days post infection (dpi). 14 dpi CPNV was detected in proventriculi, while FAdV in spleens and livers of infected birds.
Conclusions.

We have demonstrated that CPNV was involved in the development of the disease. We did not record the presence of IBDV in the TVP or control birds, despite our recording a strong seroconversion against IBDV in the birds from the TVP group. CPNV belongs to the same family as IBDV, which allows us to assume serological cross-reactivity between them. This possibility of CPNV infections affecting IBDV antibody levels detected by commonly available ELISAs should be taken into account under poultry field conditions and diagnosis. The role of FAdV in the development of TVP needs further evaluation.


An application of Herzberger's matrix method, very rarely used in the topic of multipoint methods for solving nonlinear equations, is presented. It is shown that the area of application of Herzberger's matrix method is wider than it is presented in [J. Herzberger, Über Matrixdarstellungen für Iterationverfahren bei nichtlinearen Gleichungen, Computing, 12 (1974) 215–222]. This method is applied for the determination of the order of convergence of multipoint families of methods, Steffensen's type and Newton's type, with and without memory. The advantage and the elegance of this method arise from ease in handling matrices. In Memory of Professor Jürgen Herzberger.


The current study aimed to investigate incidence, prevalence and regional distribution of sarcoidosis in Switzerland with respect to environmental exposures. All sarcoidosis patients hospitalised between 2002 and 2005 were identified from the Swiss hospital statistics from the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (Neuchâtel, Switzerland). Regional exposure characteristics included the regional distribution of different industrial sectors, agriculture and air quality. Co-inertia analysis, as well as a generalised linear model, was applied. The prevalence of "ever-in-life" diagnosed sarcoidosis, currently active sarcoidosis and sarcoidosis requiring hospitalisation was 121 (95% CI 93–149), 44 (95% CI 34–54) and 16 (95% CI 10–22) per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The mean annual incidence of sarcoidosis was 7 (95% CI 5–11) per 100,000 inhabitants. The regional workforce in the metal industry, water supply, air transport factories and the area of potato production, artificial meadows (grassland) and bread grains were positively associated with the frequency of sarcoidosis. The prevalence of sarcoidosis was higher than assumed based on former international estimates. Higher frequency was found in regions with metal industry and intense agriculture, especially production of potatoes, bread grains and artificial meadows.


wo of Alfred Tennyson's early poems, "Nothing Will Die" and "All Things Will Die," open in their very titles the dialogue of contrary voices that was to express one of his obsessive themes-the tragic inevitability of change and human mortality. Throughout his work he was hypersensitive to the possibility that a meaningless decay might be the essential principle of the cosmos. The oft-cited Tennysonian "passion of the past," the desire to fix in art moments of departed joy, arose from a need both to deny and pay a grudging heed to ineluctable change. Such moving lyrics as "Tears, Idle Tears" and "Break, Break, Break" capture the lacrimae rerum which the memory of days that are no more could make rise in the heart and gather to the eyes of the poet. But it was the most crushing personal instances of mutability-the death of a father, a friend, or a son-that could transform a free-floating, habitual melancholy into the intense and all-inclusive mourning of works like In Memoriam and "Demeter and Persephone." An apocalyptic running down of "all things" was the soft dirge that Tennyson's priestess Sorrow could hear echoing out from the death of Arthur Hallam to the extinction of the human race and to the final wasting of the earth itself.


Background: Giving antibiotics after meals prolongs their gastric residence time and improves their intragastric distribution. We aimed to see whether this would result in improved eradication of Helicobacter pylori.


In commission of the Bundesministerium the companies AEG/GHH/MAN designed a 300 MWe steam cooled fast breeder prototype reactor (described in Forschunsbericht K 70-20) and developed the main components for it. This development was stopped before deadline following an order of the ministry. This report describes work upon two evaporator concepts (sieve bottom- and compact zyklon-evaporator), steam-compressor/turbine-aggregate (compressor, turbine, water lubricated bearing), fast opening valves for control rod drives, special direct electrically heated tubes and insolated test channels for fuel element research, and new test facilities.


Police have arrested a senior surgeon in Mumbai (Bombay) for his alleged role in facilitating trade in human kidneys.

The arrest has exposed a loophole in India's decade old organ transplantation act. Doctors say that the act is not strict enough to stop unrelated living donors pretending that they are a friend or relative of the recipient and are giving a kidney for emotional rather than financial reasons.

Detectives arrested Dr Suresh Trivedi, a nephrologist at the Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, last week after claiming to have established links between him and agents who recruited kidney donors for his patients.

Police said …


Endoscopic and endoscopic camera module. Release inhibition prism camera module, occurrence of peeling and breakage of the joint portion of the transmission cable. The prism (41) is fastened to the prism mounting frame (40b). The end of the cable connecting member (45) is fastened to the transmission cable (44). After which the cable is provided on the other end of the coupling member engaging pawl (47) engaging the front end surface of the mounting cylindrical portion (40a) of the holding member (40) of the prism, cylindrical mounting portion and fastening a cable connecting member. So that the area image sensor (42) close to the inner circumferential surface of the distal end rigid portion, and a camera module (10) arranged in the distal hard portion. The cable connecting member can be arranged in the free space between the surface and the inner circumferential surface of the image sensor in the distal end rigid portion. The cable connecting member can be in the range of increase in free space, and coupling strength can be ensured, suppressing the peeling fracture, and the transmission cable joint prism.


EUTelescope is a modular, comprehensive software framework for the reconstruction of particle trajectories recorded with beam telescopes. Its modularity allows for a flexible usage of processors each fulfilling separate tasks of the reconstruction chain such as clustering, alignment and track fitting. The framework facilitates the usage of any position sensitive device for both the beam telescope sensors as well as the device under test and supports a wide range of geometric arrangements of the sensors. In this work, the functionality of the EUTelescope framework as released in v2.2 and its underlying dependencies are discussed. Various use cases with emphasis on the General Broken Lines advanced track fitting methods give examples of the work flow and capabilities of the framework.


Almost all existing software reliability models are based on the assumptions of he software usage and software failure process. There, therefore, is no universally applicable software reliability model. To develop a universal software reliability model this paper suggests the predictive filter as a general software reliability prediction model for time domain failure data. Its usefulness is empirically verified by analyzing the failure datasets obtained from 14 different software projects. Based on the average relative prediction error, the suggested predictive filter is compared with other well-known neural network models and statistical software reliability growth models. Experimental results show that the predictive filter generally results in a simple model and adapts well across different software projects.


The heliospheric current sheet (HCS) is a permanent solar wind feature, with well predicted Earth passages, but it can be structured and its main orientation can be highly distorted. We report new observations from 2 spacecraft in the solar wind (supported by observations from 3 spacecraft in the nightside magnetosheath), showing an evolution across the Sun‐Earth line of large field reversals adjacent to the HCS. Contrary to a previously reported multi‐spacecraft event, this case shows that the field inversion structure cannot be assumed to be well preserved and close to planar on the scale of the magnetospheric cross‐section. However, both cases indicate the presence of field reversals in an away sector that is connected to the southern solar magnetic hemisphere but lies unexpectedly above a toward sector. Following the interpretation of the reversals as transient outflowing loops, associated initial flow deviations can be envisaged to account for the HCS deformations.


A series of formazan compounds have been systematically synthesized. The relationships between their structures and reactivities with metal ions and their usefulness as chelating reagents have been investigated from the viewpoint of analytical chemistry. Formazan compounds having heterocyclic groups, such as pyridine, thiazole quinoline ring, have been found to be useful photometric reagents with high selectivity and sensitivity.12 In particular, formazan forms chelate compounds with high formation constants when complexed with zinc, cadmium and so on. In this paper, we report on the configuration of 1-(2-pyridyl)-3-(4-bromophenyl)5-phenylformazan determined by a single crystal X-ray analysis. A red crystal of size 0.46X0.43X0.4 mm3 was used. The crystal and experimental data are shown in Table 1. Intensity data (3894 reflections 55° > 20>_ 2°) were collected in the w scan mode (due to poor crystal quality). The data were corrected for Lorentz, polarization and absorption effects (empirical absorption correction based on scan, u24.2 cm', transmission factors 0.624 to 0.998). The structure was solved by direct methods and difference Fourier synthesis. Nine hydrogen atoms were revealed difference maps during the course of the refinements, and other hydrogen atoms were added at the calculated positions. The refinement was carried out by full-matrix least squares with anisotropic temperature factors for the non-H-atoms. The positions and thermal parameters of the H-atoms were fixed. The positional parameters are listed in Table 2, and the selected bond distances and angles are summarized in Table 3. The molecular structure is shown in Fig. 1 and the packing in Fig. 2. The atom types at the positions of N5 and C18 were distinguished by refinement. When N5 was assumed to be carbon and C18 was assumed to be nitrogen, the temperature factors of these atoms were found to be abnormal compared with the neighboring atoms, and the R-factor remained at 6.2%. The hydrogen of N2 was found in a difference Fourier map; its position did not significantly differ from the idealized position. Consequently, H(N2) was included in the structure-factor calculation. No hydrogen peak was found for N4 in the map. Since the N1-N2 and N2


Optimization is an important technique followed to make the best possible use of a power system. Now a day's voltage instability problems in a power system have become one of the most concerns in power industries. By showing the voltage stability enhancement which will further lead to improvement in the system performance, reduction of the losses, and making the system more secure. In this paper the load flow analysis is done for IEEE 14 Bus system using Newton Raphson method without applying any algorithm. Later, optimization is done using the Advanced Honey Bee Algorithm and is tested in an IEEE-14 Bus power system. By using this optimization technique, the power losses are reduced and higher convergence is obtained. The results are obtained for the above mentioned algorithms using the MATLAB software.


Procedural terrain generation is a field that handles procedural, not by hand, generated realistic looking terrain for use in simulations, video games, movie special effects or art. It allows for c ...


Abstract : A 200 mwatt, 27 MHz radio whale tag has been developed for tracking whales at sea. It is remotely implanted and will transmit continuously for about 90 hours, equivalent to 16 weeks on a normally behaving finback. The tag has resulted from initial efforts to tag right whales with radios in 1961-1965. The tag and its launching system were tested in whale carcasses at the Icelandic whaling station in 1976 and 1977. One point shape consistently penetrated straighter and better than others we tried. With 1977 modifications, the radio whale tag appears to be ready for field trails on rorquals.


There has been a rise in the use of mobile devices during the past few decades, networks and short message services (SMS) has emerged as a form of communication. SMS spam is a problem for SMS users as well. SMS spam, also referred to as bulk texts, is any irrelevant communications sent via mobile networks [2]. Several factors contribute to the abundance of spam communications, The fact that so many individuals use mobile phones increases the probability that they will be the object to send bulk messages which is known as spam [1]. Furthermore, sending spam is inexpensive, which may be great news to the attackers. Particularly, spam detection is a highly advanced research area with a variety of established algorithms [15]. In order to correctly identify spam data or communications, this approach looks into a Multinomial Naive Bayes-Linear SVC methodology [4]. Pre-processing is applied to the input dataset to get rid of characters and content that aren't appropriate or relevant [5]. To train the model a Multinomial Naive Bayes-Linear SVC methodology is used for the prediction of spam messages [10]. The final test outcomes have demonstrated that Multinomial Naive Bayes-Linear SVC model works better than earlier models in spam detection such as LSTM, SVM and naive bayes, with an accuracy of 9S.3S%.


The observer effect is a term used to describe a process during which an observer's behavior changes as they measure the behavior of another individual. The observer effect has been widely studied in organizational behavior management but has limited research with teachers in schools. The current study sought to use the observer effect as part of a teacher training package by evaluating the effects of peer observations on an observing teacher's implementation integrity of components of a Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) system. Participants were four middle school teachers of students in general education classrooms. The primary dependent variables were the number of praise and corrective statements made by the teachers to their students, and how closely the teacher approximated a ratio of three praise statements to every one corrective statement. Secondary dependent variables included the number of behavioral expectations set by the teacher for the students, and the number of office referrals written by the teacher. During baseline, teachers were asked to teach as usual while being observed three to four times per week. During the intervention, teachers completed weekly observations of their peers and recorded the number of praise and corrective statements as well as the number and type of behavioral expectations set by their peer teacher. Following the intervention, in a return to baseline, teachers did not conduct peer observations but taught in their usual manner while the experimenter conducted weekly observations. Results suggest that peer observations increased


Summary form only given. Deep and wide surveys of the sky have led to a remarkable set of discoveries in cosmology. As the survey volumes become so large that statistical uncertainties almost disappear, cosmological modeling must reach unprecedented levels of scale and accuracy to properly interpret observational results. I will describe the key scientific problems and issues involved and then present the HACC (Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code) framework, designed around a portable particle-based simulation model for the required, very high dynamic range applications. I will briefly cover the key features of HACC and plans for its future development, focusing on computational, algorithmic, and physics advances, in-situ analysis, and resilience features, while emphasizing the associated computer science needs.


Water displacing oil is one of the main emptying methods for mobile pipelines. It has the advantages of being a simple process and highly safe. At present, the determination of a water displacing oil scheme of mobile pipelines is based on the oil–oil alternating transport theory of product oil pipelines. However, the insolubility of the oil phase and the water phase results in a great difference between the flow characteristics of water displacing oil and the oil–oil alternating transport of a product oil pipeline. In addition, due to the effect of buoyancy, the oil phase gathers at the high point of the pipeline and forms a liquid accumulation, which is difficult to carry away by water flow, resulting in the low emptying efficiency of the mobile pipeline. The essence of water displacing oil in a mobile pipeline is an oil–water two-phase unsteady displacement flow, involving liquid–liquid displacement flow, oil–water two-phase flow and water carrying oil. Aiming at such problems, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of theoretical and experimental studies, established the oil–water mixing model of water displacing oil and the relationship between macroscopic quantity (flow pattern, pressure drop and water content) and microscopic quantity (local flow field and droplet dispersion pattern, etc.) under each flow type, and explored the influence of pipeline diameter, oil phase velocity, pipeline inclination angle and other parameters on the capacity of carrying liquid accumulation. On this basis, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current research on the oil–water flow characteristics of water displacing oil in a mobile pipeline from three aspects: the formation mechanism of the oil–water mixture, displacing flow characteristics of immiscible fluids and flow characteristics of water carrying oil. Five future research directions are proposed, including the interface morphology and flow field characteristics of oil–water two-phase layered flow, local mixing characteristics of an oil–water two-phase dual continuous flow interface, droplet distribution and flow characteristics of oil–water two-phase dispersed flow, unsteady flow characteristics of the oil–water mixture of water displacing oil and oil accumulation and flow characteristics in topographic relief pipes.


At year end FOCAL takes stock of some of the defining challenges for the Hemisphere in 2002 through the eyes of the leading thinkers and experts on hemispheric issues who gathered in Ottawa at the third annual FOCAL Forum of Hemispheric Experts. The meeting built on the renewed interest in sustainable economic development in the region generated by the UN Conference on Financing for Development, held in Monterrey Mexico on March 18-22, 2002. The theme of Post-Monterrey was adopted as the guiding concept behind the Forum.


Current studies about safety and design aspects of children playgrounds in Malaysia are not very encouraging. However, there were a lot of articles condemning about unsatisfactory quality in Malaysian playgrounds. Many common playgrounds had an insufficient design and unsafe conditions due to poor maintenance. Such conditions produced hazards and may lead to child injuries. The researchers took this responsibility to raise public awareness on safety and design aspects of children playgrounds. Eighty public playgrounds had been surveyed in several cities in Peninsular Malaysia. There were also social surveys conducted on 172 respondents. They were asked to submit their opinions about safety features in their neighbourhood playgrounds. This study reveals that every children playground should be maintained adequately to eliminate general hazards and to reduce risks of child injuries. This study can also be used as a reference point in the continuous development to upgrade the safety standards and appropriate designs of Malaysian children playgrounds.


Considering the problems of motion blur, partial occlusion and fast motion in target tracking, a target tracking method based on adaptive structured sparse representation with attention is proposed. Under the framework of particle filtering, the performance of high-quality templates is enhanced through an attention mechanism. Structure sparseness is used to build candidate target sets and sparse models between candidate samples and local patches of target templates. Combined with the sparse residual method, reconstruction error is reduced. After optimally solving the model, the particle with the highest similarity is selected as the prediction target. The most appropriate scale is selected according to the multiscale factor method. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a strong performance when dealing with motion blur, fast motion, partial occlusion.


Artificial intelligence (AI) research, which aims to imitate intelligent behaviour in artificial systems, has long drawn inspiration from human cognition. The most critical component of artificial intelligence is repetitive learning. The impact of AI on security is a major issue for the entire world. Future method in social and natural sciences should also take this into account, as it is important. Security safeguards are critical, especially because many services are delivered via online devices. Security and proper data governance should be included in the outcomes. The industrial and digital revolutions are significantly impacted by the use of Artificial Intelligence in society. Precautions to maintain accessibility when using electronic devices are essential in many applications. Applications like data mining, data analytics, bitcoin, and blockchain technology must be shielded from online risks when accessing data. More cyber threats might materialise as a result of their use of the Internet and uncontrolled data access for their applications. As a means of reducing these risks and maximising the advantages of the wide spread application of AI advancements, the analysis offers high-security safe data access management for dealing with cyber risks utilizing Artificial Intelligence. Therefore, it offers a solution for those who are ready to take an enterprising risk to create innovative goods or services that may be used globally for commerce. The performance of this method is calculated on different aspects such as Accuracy, Recall and Specificity. Though the accuracy for different methods varies, this analysis will give the best results.


This paper aims to address the conditions which affected and were affected by indigenous medical practice (between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s) and the consequent opposing responses to such developments. It is argued that the socio-economic and political conditions prevailing between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s drastically changed the economic, political, social and personal security of Africans, during the time when the responsible state institutions were unable or reluctant to respond to their needs. People who were threatened or under assault therefore found refuge in the protective powers of indigenous medicines. Since some of the conditions they attempted to address were new, indigenous medicines and the practice itself were changed (as they had consistently changed over time) in order to respond effectively to such conditions.


Recently, fatigue could be one of the most significant factors influencing the design as becoming bridge has increased use and expectancy life and longer. Thus, fatigue research without increasing the weight of the bridge on the improving performance has increased the number of needs.The contribution to the improvement of fatigue performance is confirmed by changing variety of the shape of scallop that is one of the components of orthotropic steel deck system in order to suggest the results to ideal designs.


Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in developing countries such as Senegal. Based on this observation, the objective of our study was to determine the etiological and prognostic factors of newborns of LBW admitted to neonatology at the Pediatrics Department of Pikine National Hospital Center. Material and Method: This were a case-control study, conducted from 1 January2019 to 31 December 2019 at the Pediatrics Department of Pikine National Hospital Center. We compared 150 newborns of LBW (weight between 2500 and 800 g), and 150 newborns of normal weight (weight between 2500 g and 4000 g). Results: The most represented maternal age group was between 18 and 35 years of age with proportions of 75.2% for LBW and 76% for controls, respectively. Mothers had a low socio-economic level in most cases (LBW=44.8% vs. controls=55.2%). Regarding pregnancy follow-up, only 25.6% of LBW mothers had performed 4 PNC compared to 74.4% of controls. Most of mothers had pathologies during pregnancy (LBW = 81.31% versus controls = 50.63%). Pregnancy was multiple in 75.5% of cases in LBW compared to 24.5% in controls. Delivery was full-term in only 17.33% among LBWs compared to 92.2% in the control group. The main clinical diagnosis was MFI in the 2 groups (LBW=56.7%, controls=42%). Length of hospital stay was greater than 14 days in 25.52% of cases in LBW compared to 14% in controls. The case fatality rate was 22% for NPCs versus 9.3% for controls. Thus, the etiological factors significantly associated with LBW were: low socio-economic level (p=0.001), maternal obstetric-medical pathologies, including HRP (p=0.002) and preeclampsia (p<0.001), number of PNCs<3 (p < 0.001) and multiple pregnancy (p<0.001). Prognostic factors significantly associated with death were low gestational age (p<0.001) and LBW category (p<0.001). Conclusion: The etiological and prognostic factors associated with NPF identified in our study prove that their presence in pregnant women is likely to lead to the birth of an NPF and to affect their vital prognosis. Hence the need to promote quality PNCs during pregnancy, to strengthen the technical platform of reference structures and to improve collaboration between gynecologists, obstetricians, and pediatricians for better care of the mother-child couple.


: This paper studies the decision-making problem of raw material ordering and transportation in production enterprises, and establishes the optimal procurement scheme and optimal transportation scheme for production enterprises under different conditions based on genetic algorithm and multi-objective programming. Firstly, five factors affecting the company's decision-making are summarized; Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weight of each impact evaluation factor, and then the comprehensive effect measure matrix is obtained by combining with the multi-objective grey target decision model to rank 402 enterprises, and the 50 most important suppliers were selected.In order to better reflect the materials and transportation model required by the enterprise's production, the mean square deviation of the enterprise's output in the past five years is used to approximate its output in the next 24 weeks. The multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the combination of convergence criteria and genetic algorithm is used to obtain that at least 30 suppliers and 5 transporters should be selected; The sensitivity analysis and stability test of the model are carried out.


The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest health and societal challenges of the recent decades. Among the causes of mortality triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of an inflammatory "cytokine storm" (CS) at later stages of the disease has been found to play a determinant role. Here, we used available transcriptomic data from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID-19 patients suffering from a CS to obtain gene-signatures associated to this pathological process. Using these signatures, we interrogated the Connectivity MAP (CMap) dataset that contains the effects of over 5,000 small molecules on the transcriptome of human cancer cell lines, and looked for molecules which effects on transcription mimic or oppose those associated to the CS. Consistent with their medical use, this analysis found a significant enrichment of glucocorticoids or inhibitors of the Janus Kinases (JAK) as drugs that could revert the CS. On the other hand, molecules that potentiate the immune response such as PKC activators are predicted to worsen the CS. Besides these expected findings, our analysis also reveals a potential effect of the antibiotic doxycycline or MAPK/RAF/MEK inhibitors in reverting the CS, or of topoisomerase inhibitors and the anti-alcohol abuse drug disulfiram in potentiating its effects. Finally, our analyses support that the gender-related differences in the severity of COVID-19 are related to the anti-inflammatory properties of female hormones. While acknowledging that this is an analysis based on limited available data, we decided to share it as a resource that might help others in the selection of drugs that could be tested in the context of experimental models of CS triggered by viral infections.


Size spectra of fog drops are investigated at Misawa Air Base to determine which sizes of drops are mainly responsible for degrading visibility in fogs. It is found fog drops smaller than 5 µm in diameter contribute less than 2% to the extinction coefficient. Degraded visibility is caused by smaller fog drops than 60 µm under thinner fog layers than 130 m in this study. Drop size distributions spread and the representative drop size for degrading visibility increases with fog thickness under fog layers thicker than 280 m. So, not only the maximum drop size increases with fog thickness but also the influences of large drops on the extinction coefficient in fogs increase with fog thickness. For evolutions of visibility, increase of small drops is important for rapid degrading visibility irrespective of fog thickness and increase of large drops corresponds to slow changes of visibility under thick fogs.


Recently, it has become evident that continuous operation of critical infrastructures in space has turned into a matter of utmost priority for communications, command and control, reconnaissance and surveillance, global positioning and geodesy, navigation and timing. Space operations are also increasingly integrated into civilian activities such as Earth observation, weather prediction, assessing the impact of human activity on global climate, research and exploration. Spacecraft hardware depend on electronic components that must perform reliably over missions measured in years and decades. Space radiation is a primary source of degradation, as it poses reliability issues that can finally result in potential in the operation of these electronic components. Although simulation and modelling is valuable to understand the radiation risk for microelectronics, there is no substitute for testing. Although the effort of testing may be difficult and expensive, it is small compared to the cost of a radiation-induced failed mission, which can go up to hundreds of millions of euros. We report some methods to ensure Rad-Hard by Design, Rad-Hard by Process and RadHard by Software, as well as associated testing methods by using laser-plasma accelerated particles. Thus, the PW laser facilities in Magurele at INFLPR (CETAL) and ELI-NP have the potential to become relevant for space applications, and to make a significant contribution for enhancing the reliability of critical infrastructures submitted to radiations from space, or in case of nuclear accidents like those in Chernobyl and Fukushima.


Aim There is an urgent need to identify the markers of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and invasiveness to be more accurate in predicting prognosis. Forkhead box (Fox) family proteins are involved in cell growth and differentiation. FoxM1 is a cell cycle-regulated protein; its deregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many cancers because of its ability to drive cell cycle progression and evasion of growth arrest. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of FoxM1 in CRC in correlation with different clinicopathological aspects. Materials and methods We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of FoxM1 using the appropriate antibody in 32 cases of CRC of which 27 cases were of grade II and five cases were of grade III. Results High expression is detected in 81.3% of cases and low expression in 18.7% of cases. FoxM1 high expression was seen in 58.3% free of nodal metastasis (N0) and in 95% of cases positive for nodal metastasis (N1 and N2). FoxM1 high expression was detected in 54.6% of stage I/II and in 95.2% of stage III/IV. High FoxM1 expression was detected in 94.4% of cases on the left side and rectum and in 64.3% of cases on the right side involving the transverse colon. This means that FoxM1 expression is correlated with the status of nodal metastasis (N), the stage of tumor, and the site of tumor whether right or left. Conclusion FoxM1 high expression was in correlation with increasing stage in CRC, positive nodal metastasis, and site of tumor whether right or left side. There was lack of correlation between FoxM1 expression and some clinicopathological aspects such as age, sex, size, histologic grade, and histologic type. The use of targeted therapy for FoxM1 might be of interest in the prevention of tumor progression in CRC.


The possibility to enhance the self-doubling emission characteristics in Nd-activated non-linear crystals by direct pumping into the emitting level is discussed. A marked improvement is reported with respect to the traditional 4F5/2 pump for Nd:GdCOB.


The inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs has triggered the increase of strains resistant to treatment. This scenario becomes more worrying when the microorganisms present themselves in the form of biofilm. Biofilms are complex structures of microbial clusters, protected by a layer of exopolysaccharides (EPS) that prevents the penetration of drugs, making the treatment of infections even more difficult. With this, the use of medicinal plants as an alternative of antimicrobial treatment is growing in the pharmaceutical market, because they have secondary metabolites, which are the main responsible for the biological activities of the plants. Taking into account the secondary metabolites as a source of research, in our study we highlighted the class of coumarins, which are phenolic compounds present in a vast diversity of plants and have reports of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiviral activities. In view of this, this study aims to evaluate the antibiotic activity of coumarin against biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa (PA01). The antibiotic activity was evaluated by semi-quantitative technique in plates of 96 wells. The biofilm was revealed using violet crystal solution and the solubilized biofilm was read at 570nm. In addition, the sessile cell count was performed. The observed results showed that coumarin is able to inhibit biofilm formation up to 78% and reduce sessile colonies count. In view of these results, coumarin has significant antibiotic activity, so we suggest that this substance can be used as an alternative treatment for infections involving the formation of biofilm.


A new templated indium phosphate, prepared as single crystals from a non-aqueous pyridine–butan-2-ol medium, has a unique two-dimensional structure consisting of [In(HPO4)(H2PO4)2]– layers held together by hydrogen bonding to generate cavities in which pyridinium cations reside.


ABSTRACT Discourses of expectation shape technology development and uptake in subtle and profound ways. While STS research tends to view discourses of expectation in aggregate, disarticulating expectation into distinct narratives of anticipation and legitimation offers insights into the contradictory symbolic forces that inform novel technological applications. Interviews with forest science experts discussing the adoption of genomic selection as a response to climate change offers evidence of the rhetorical work performed by anticipatory and legitimatory narratives. Findings show that proclamations of novelty – consistent with discourses of anticipation – exist alongside efforts to secure legitimacy by establishing continuity between genomic selection and traditional breeding techniques, which would appear to defeat the rhetorical work done by the former. Reflective of previous public conflicts over biotechnology, legitimatory narratives also include assertions that genomic selection is distinct from genetic modification, when such distinctions are anything but clear. Ascription to these narratives, particularly legitimatory narratives that seek to distinguish genomic selection from more contentious biotechnology applications, justifies restrictions on public engagement that could offer valuable insights for management and decision-making. Other implications include restricting social scientific interventions to strategic communication intended to steer publics toward acceptance of genomic selection. Further research is warranted to examine how the dynamics of anticipation and legitimation play out across other sectors which expect benefits from novel biotechnological applications.


When computer delivers some instructional material (Taylor, 1980) then this solution is termed Computer Based Instructions. Computer-based instruction is any curricula in which students interact with a computer as a key element of the learning process. The present study examined the effect of computer based instruction on academic achievement of students of Social Studies of IX class. The present study was conducted by employing quasi experimental post test design of research with a sample of 60 students. The present study indicated no significant difference between mean achievement in social science of Standard IX students who were taught through Computer Based Instructions and Lecture Method.


Significant ^(238)U/^(235)U variations have been documented in meteoritic [e.g. 1-4] and terrestrial [5] samples, which can affect Pb-Pb ages. In most cases, the cause of these variations is not understood. Here, we report an extensive study of the U isotopic composition of planetary crustal rocks. Determination of ^(238)U/^(235)U ratio in angrites is critical to establish their age: an important anchor in early solar system chronology [6,7]. The extent to which the protolith of terrestrial granites affects their U isotopic composition is unknown. We report high-precision U isotope measurements of angrites and terrestrial granites to address these two outstanding questions in solar system chronology and crustal differentiation.


The article researched in Isolation and purification ursolic from Gardenia Jasminodes eills by macrofeticulaf resin,the condition of adsorb and wash has been researched,the optimization condition of adsorb and wash is confirmed.the purification of Ursolic acid is 90.2 %。


Introduction: Autoimmune inflammation plays an important role in several types of thyroid dysfunctions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. In the present study, the levels of serum inflammation markers and their association with thyroid functions were assessed in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Materials and methods: 86 hypothyroid, 67 hyperthyroid patients and 59 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All patients with thyroid dysfunctions were also divided into two groups as autoimmune and non-autoimmune. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were measured along with C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-calcitonin (PCT) levels. Results: While ESR, CRP and PCT were significantly elevated in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, MPV was significantly decreased in both groups. Serum levels of ESR and PCT were significantly elevated in patients with autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid disease compared to the control group. Mean platelet volume was significantly decreased in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and non-autoimmune groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Significant changes in the levels of inflammation markers for both autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid disorders observed in current study confirm that inflammation has an important role on pathogenesis of thyroid dysfunctions regardless of their thyroid dysfunction type.


Next Generation Sequencing technologies are able to produce large amounts of sequence data at the cost of reducing the read length and increasing the error rate. One main challenge, under short read and high error rate, is to identify small insertions and deletions (from two to tens of nucleotides). There is a great demand for algorithms that can accurately identify small mutations. However, computational approaches to find these mutations using DNA fragment libraries or matepair libraries have so far been unsuccessful.


Benjamin (1962) introduced the idea that a given 'primary' swirling flow, with cylindrical stream surfaces, may have associated with it 'conjugate flows', also swirling and cylindrical, which in a certain sense are equivalent to the primary one. He deduced that, in cases where such conjugate flows exist and where the primary flow cannot support standing waves of small amplitude, the conjugate flow nearest the primary one (a) can support such waves, and (b) has a 'flow force' greater than that of the primary flow. In the present paper these two results are proved rigorously by a method which differs from Benjamin's.


The invention relates to a home network implementation method based on user self-control. In the SDN architecture, all home users log in a home network user management graphical interface and then conduct setting according to various operations displayed on the interface, convert setting information into interface parameters and transmit the interface parameters to an application program interface connected with an SDN. An SDN controller calls application program interface parameters, executes corresponding configuration operations according to the parameters and sends the compiled parameters to an Openflow switch, the switch forwards data packages according to a flow table, the data packages are applied to a home gateway, and then one-time self-control over a home network is achieved. The home network architecture is reconstructed through the SDN technology, from the aspect of the user self-control, through the home network management graphical interface, represented information of the home network is redefined, network resources are reasonably dispatched and managed by the users in a software programming mode, and the performance of the home network is improved.


ABSTRACT Objective: The sweat test (ST) measures chloride levels in sweat and is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the reliability of a ST depends on their being performed by experienced technicians and in accordance with strict guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate how sweat stimulation, sweat collection, and chloride measurement are performed at 14 centers (9 public centers and 5 private centers) that routinely perform STs in the state of São Paulo, which has the highest frequency of CF in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study, using a standardized questionnaire administered in loco to the staff responsible for conducting STs. Results: No uniformity regarding the procedures was found among the centers. Most centers were noncompliant with the international guidelines, especially regarding the collection of sweat (the samples were insufficient in 10-50% of the subjects tested); availability of stimulation equipment (which was limited at 2 centers); modernity and certification of stimulation equipment (most of the equipment having been used for 3-23 years); and written protocols (which were lacking at 12 centers). Knowledge of ST guidelines was evaluated at only 1 center. Conclusions: Our results show that STs largely deviate from internationally accepted guidelines at the participating centers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for standardization of STs, training of qualified personnel, and acquisition/certification of suitable equipment. These are essential conditions for a reliable diagnosis of CF, especially with the increasing demand due to newborn screening nationwide, and for the assessment of a possible clinical benefit from the use of modulator drugs.


A technical streamline to analyze the land use /cover change by TM image interpreting in which the maximum likelihood method is used was introduced in this paper.A method to auto-statistics diversified data and overlay the land use data classified of the two different period to get the transfer matrix of land use in GIS software was applied.A technique to analyze the land use change trend and driving forces was applied.This paper can provide information for governments on land utilization and establishment of relevant policy for sustainable land-use.The results shows that the built-up land and forests area expanded with an increase of 5566hm2 and 773hm2 respectively,while the area of the cultivated land,water-body and unused land decreased during the period 1997~2008,with a decline of 2773hm2 for the cultivated land,1107hm2 for water-body and 2460hm2 for unused land.The decrease of cultivated land mostly occurs in construction projects and fishpond-digging.Whereas occupation of land for construction purposes involves the conversion of cultivated land and forests,accounting for 77.83% and 19.8% respectively,of the total.And most of the unused land has been developed into cultivated land and forests.In terms of single land use change dynamic degree land for residential areas,industry and mining is 0.159,which is the dominant influence in the study area.And the degree of integrative land use change in Tianmen city is 0.456(belong to region whose change intensity is lower) and the trend index of integrative land use change is 0.640(belong to region whose land use change is unbalanced).


Expandable graphite intercalated by ammonium phosphate (AP) or ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was prepared by direct intercalation and two-step method, respectively. The products from two-step method show higher expansion volume, more weight increase and more weight loss after expansion, suggesting that the two-step method is a favorable method for preparation of APP intercalated EG. XRD provides convincing evidence for successful formation of APP-EG by showing strong diffraction peak at much lower 2θ angle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) gives more evidence for intercalation of APP in the graphite layers.


Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalo-myopathy (MNGIE) is a rare autosomal
recessive disease caused by thymidine phosphorylase (TP) gene mutation. Here we report a patient with MNGIE in whom sensorimotor polyneuropathy was the first presenting symptom and had a fluctuating course. This 26-year-old female patient developed acute-onset demyelinating polyneuropathy from the age of 6 with two relapses later on. In addition, she had gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain), progressive weight loss and ophthalmoparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed white matter abnormalities, and muscle biopsy showed ragged red fibers. This constellation of clinical and laboratory findings raised the diagnosis of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). This report highlights the uncommon clinical characteristics of this rare disease.


The implementation of network-assisted teaching depends on its platform construction. This paper designs a simple and practical teaching system which can be applied to various courses with more convenient maintenance. With the application of network-assisted teaching platform,the teachers can reduce workload,and the students can improve learning efficiency.


In the present work the research and results on sol-gel synthesis and structure of hybrid nanocomposites is described and discussed. Four different types of silicon precursors have been used: tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS), methyltriethoxysilicate (MTES) and ethyltrimethoxysilicate (ETMS). The hybrids have been prepared at room temperature by replacing different quantities of the inorganic precursor with an organic component; polyacrilamide gel (PAAG). The structure of the hybrid nanocomposites obtained has been studied by infrared spectroscopy, XRD, NMR, AFM, BET, and SEM. All samples were amorphous and contained pores with average diameter about 1-1.6 nm. The surface structure of the hybrids has been observed by SEM. Bands at 1080, 790 and 480 cm -1 were observed in the infrared spectra of all studied samples. They are assigned to the v as , v, and δ Si.O-Si vibrational modes, although these bands can also be related to the presence of Si-O-C, C-O-C and Si-C bonds. A self organised nanostructure has been observed by AFM. In the resulting hybrids the nano-building blocks are made up of units 30 nm in size. These nanocomposites were used as carriers for cell immobilisation.


P2X receptors are a distinct family of ligand-gated ion channels activated by extracellular ATP. Each of the seven identified subunit proteins (P2X1 through P2X7) has been reported to form functional homo-oligomeric channels when expressed in heterologous systems. Functional studies of native receptors, together with patterns of subunit gene expression, suggest that hetero-oligomeric assembly among members of this family may also occur. This prediction is supported by reports describing hetero-oligomeric assembly for three different recombinant subunit combinations. In this report, we systematically examined the ability of all members of the P2X receptor family to interact using a co-immunoprecipitation assay. The seven P2X receptor subunits were differentially epitope-tagged and expressed in various combinations in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. It was found that six of the seven subunits formed homo-oligomeric complexes, the exception being P2X6. When co-assembly between pairs of subunits was examined, all were able to form hetero-oligomeric assemblies with the exception of P2X7. Whereas P2X1, P2X2, P2X5, and P2X6 were able to assemble with most subunits, P2X3 and P2X4presented a more restricted pattern of co-association. These results suggest that hetero-oligomeric assembly might underlie functional discrepancies observed between P2X responses seen in the native and recombinant settings, while providing for an increased diversity of signaling by ATP.


The invention discloses a power device for a vertical type wind power generation power set and provided with wind gathering shields. The power device comprises a wind wheel and wind gathering shield structure, wherein the wind gathering shields are four air deflectors uniformly arranged on the outer side of the wind wheel; each air deflector comprises two air deflecting surfaces; a first air deflecting surface is located in a radial position of the wind wheel, an outer end of a second air deflecting surface is connected with an outer end of the first air deflecting surface, and an inner end of the second air deflecting surface is close to an operation track of the wind wheel and located between two adjacent first air deflecting surfaces; wind power energy can be utilized fully, the device is not restricted by wind directions, and power generation can be achieved when the wind power is stronger than light breeze; wind power is clean and pollution-free; and the scale can be configured as required; the structure is simple, the device is firm and safe, the construction difficulty and the failure rate are low, and the environmental adaptation capability is high; and compared with generator sets of the equal scale, the device can reduce investment greatly.


This paper introduced the theoretic groundwork of urban competitiveness, and then brought forward that the study of urban competitiveness in a certain province should be started from the background of the province, and should be set up an index system to evaluate urban competitiveness under the direction of the comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory. The social and economics development level, developing potential, compete ability and influence to the whole region should also be reflected from the index system. Finally, we should give some qualitative analysis along with quantitative evaluating. At the end of the paper, we analyzed the 14 cities' competitiveness of Gansu Province, and designated the superiority, the inferiority and the main direction of each city according to its urban competitiveness.


Abstract Infrared spectroscopy has rarely been used to study inorganic reactions in the solid state in spite of its advantage that reactants and products can quantitatively be monitored throughout the course of areaction. Manzelli and Taddei1 - found that KMnO4 reacts in alkali iodide matrices to yield IO3 − and MnO2 as products, but no spectra of the reaction products were presented Gymkowski, Lamhert, and Kimmel2 showed that IO4 − is the initial product, which then decomposes to IO3 −. At 100°, KMnO4 reacts in a KBr diskt o give Br2 and MnO2.3


Background and Purpose: Dementia after stroke may be caused by vascular lesion, but preexisting degenerative changes can also influence its development. After stroke, the patients with coexisting Alzheimer-type pathology need appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of prestroke and new- onset dementia in stroke patients. Methods: We evaluated prestroke dementia in 250 patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Poststroke dementia was assessed in 220 patients 3 months after stroke by means of the neuropsychological tests and/or IQCODE. The DSM-IV definition of dementia was used. Results: Dementia after stroke was found in 31.4% of stroke patients. Twelve percent of stroke patients had a significant impairment of cognitive functions detected by the IQCODE on admission suggesting prestroke dementia. When we excluded the patients with recurrent stroke, the incidence of pre- and poststroke dementia was 9.3 and 21.2%, respectively. Conclusion: About one tenth of stroke patients have preexisting dementia.


The greater part of the energy consumption of local communities concerns the public sector's needs for electricity, district heating, gas and efficient public lighting. In recent years the emergence of new electricity production from renewable sources, contributes stability of the energy balance with minimal adverse consequences for the environment. Challenges of climate change, new environmental legislation and the liberalization of energy markets encouraged local government to practice energy management. Therefore, the subject of this research is investment feasibility into the public sector of energy efficiency. The authors use examples of city of Rijeka's investments in solar electricity production and energy efficiency public lighting to analyze the feasibility of those investments, regarding the reduction effect of electricity consumption. Positive net present value for renewable energy project indicates importance of feed-in tariff selling price and significant internal rate of return (IRR). Thus, negative net present value in energy efficiency public lighting has important cost benefit in significant diminishment of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results of the research aim at determining that those projects has impact on the decrease of CO2 emissions in the environment and could be feasible at a same time. Paper conclusion is also that feed-in tariff subventions on selling renewable electricity price shall not last for a long period of time because they are ''start-up'' type of subventions, designed only to develop renewable energy market in Croatia. Also, this paper demonstrates that besides no emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), investment in solar energy is respectably financially feasible but only with subvention on selling electricity price. Based on the carried out analysis, several energy management activities acceptable for local communities were proposed. Those activities can contribute to significant reductions in the consumption of energy in public sector and have great impact on sustainable energy development of the local community. Further result of this research undertakes local government to lead similar projects forward good community perceptions and communication dissemination. This research shows that investments in local community energy sustainability can be both: cost effective and environmentally acceptable.


The size of a site for antenna gain measurements is usually correlated with the lower limit of the far-field range; otherwise, near-field to far-field transforms should be performed on data resulting from a field scanning with one or more electrically small probes. The site is typically a reflection free one (e.g., anechoic chamber) or a multi-path site with low correlation between different propagation paths (e.g., reverberation chamber). In this paper, we show that antenna gain can also be assessed in a regular, multi-path environment, mostly in the near-field zone, and with only one probe of a size comparable to the wavelength. We used a data processing technique that we have previously proposed, based on calculating an average transfer function. We compared gain results extracted with our method to results provided by a multiprobe, professional system using an anechoic chamber and near-field to far-field transforms.


It is well known that non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and multipath propagation biases time of arrival (TOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimates, thus reducing accuracy of positioning algorithms. In order to achieve timing error reduction, a high-resolution first arriving path detector from propagation channel estimates is derived based on the minimum variance (MV) estimates and normalized minimum variance (NMV) of the power delay profile. The objective of the paper is to determine the potentialities of this optimal detection scheme within the framework of a realistic wireless positioning system. To this end, the timing measurements obtained are fed to a Kalman tracker which finally determines the position with a high degree of accuracy.


portant to tell the child the truth to overcome the programming and brainwashing. What won't work is waiting quietly in the hopes that the child at maturity will come to realize the truth. This point is made with some insistence, and is explained on pages 25, 35, 64, and 70. A more general observation about the book's usefulness is that the authors accompany their explanations with specific criteria and indicators to watch


Although there is a growing interest in the role of attentional biases in depression, there are no studies assessing changes in these biases after psychotherapeutic interventions.


Roadbed along river is one of main types of highway roadbeds in mountainous areas. Because of the river water effect, the roadbed is not only easily destroyed, but also difficultly restored. The destruction of riverside roadbed is usually regarded as the result of river swash. In fact, it is a dynamic process as a longtime complex interaction of roadbed rock/soil mass and river water, underground water and surface water. In order to investigate the mechanism of dynamic instability, equipment used to simulate the dynamic destruction process is developed. The equipment is composed of three parts. Part 1: rock/soil mass structure model. Part 2: simulation system under dynamic hydraulic boundary conditions. Part 3: measurement system. The present equipment can be used to investigate the mechanism of dynamic instability of the rock mass of roadbed in complex hydraulic boundary conditions and detect the changing regularity of lateral earth pressure acting on retaining structures under different drainage conditions.


Living environment is an important issue of protection of historical districts.Grounded on the theory by Lefebvre,historical district is a social space shaped mainly by traditional living styles of local residents.Elements of living environment,such as social relationship,local culture,and daily activities and so on,together with material environment are primary constructors of the social space of a historical district.Interactions between tourism impacts and residents' habitus dominate,with local society being an adjuster,transformative process of historical district's social space,thus the living environment.The case study of"Shuangdong"historical district in Yangzhou proves un-continuity and heterogeneity of effects of tourism development on living environments.Accordingly,residents can be clustered into three groups with differentiated perceptions and attitudes towards tourism development.Effects of subjective characteristics on differing three groups from each other are meaner than that of objective ones,that is,tourism facilities and locations.Meanwhile,to react on involvement of tourism development into "Shuangdong" living environment,rearrangement of tourism facilities and their locations plays key roles.It proves that tourism development contributes largely to promotion of local living environment;however,nurturing"Shuangdong"living environment is trapped by two dilemmas:maintaining local tradition while traditions transformation is inevitable,and the whole living environment of"Shuangdong"optimizing while both benefits and costs are asymmetric between residents.


Trainspotting , the "best British film of the decade", arrived on 23 February 1996. Such were the expectations of the film (1996) that the face of its narrator-hero Renton (Ewan McGregor) appeared that month on the front cover of two influential London-based film magazines, Premiere and Sight and Sound. One year after its release, the film stands as both a critical and commercial success. The total Box Office receipts for Ireland, at IR £800 000 in the first 3 months, were comparable to a major Hollywood blockbuster. The film was still being screened 10 months later in Dublin's north inner city, the heartland of Dublin's heroin epidemic. Given its subject-matter, it is important to examine both the film itself, and its points of contact with the realities of drug addiction. In this respect, three questions suggest themselves: is the film showing anything new (representation), is it doing anything new (technique), and what is the film saying (ideology)?


The Third Workshop on Evaluation of Personalisation in Information Retrieval (WEPIR 2021) continued the explorations from the first two editions of this workshop, into issues relating to evaluation in information retrieval where the search system includes personalisation. The workshop included invited keynote presentations, peer reviewed papers and participant working groups.


. In this article, we give non-trivial examples of coordinate s -convex functions which are not s -convex functions. Also, we present a new class of coordinate strongly s -convex functions. We prove that every strongly s -convex function is coordinate strongly s -convex function but the converse is not generally true. Furthermore, we establish Jensen type inequality for strongly s-convex functions. We present Jensen and Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for coordinate strongly s -convex functions. different formulations of the above Jensen type inequality.


Traditional video telephone transports voice data and video data on IP network.IP network is a burst network,which could block voice transportation on unpredictable times and make the service quality unsatisfactory.Based on the dual-network combination,which transport voice data on PSTN network and video data on IP network,and a synchronization protocol is defined to synchronize the voice data and video data,the proposed schema in this paper could transport voice data in a blockless way with a satisfactory video stream.Test shows that the synchronization time of voice and video is lower than 50ms.


Futsal is a variant of soccer that is played on a smaller playing surface and mainly played indoors. It is played between two teams of five players, and unlimited substitutions per team are permitted. The purpose of this study has been to determine the body water balance and level of dehydration in field futsal players from an elite team during competition. Eight male elite futsal players (mean±SD: age: 23.5±4.5 yrs; weight 76.5±6.8 kg; height 1.80±0.12 mt) participated in the present study during six official games (Ta; 22-26 ºC, RH; 32-42.33%) from the first division league in Spain. Sweat loss was calculated by the body weight looses in pre- and post-game after collection of fluid intake and urine loss. Mean fluid intake (FI) was 1.6±0.7 L. consuming 71.0±33.3% of total fluid loss. The body weight loss was 0.7±0.8 Kg, equivalent to a level of dehydration (DH) of 0.9±1.1%, which is not related to a reduction in performance. There are no significant differences in FI and DH results obtained between the games (p>0.05). We conclude that, in the players from the analyzed team, hydration status can be seen to maintain itself through regular substitutions and the correct level of fluid intake. However, data allow for an individualisation of player's hydration strategies. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med., 60(3): 311〜318(2011))


Preface Introduction Allocation of International Aid Modelling Inter-Temporal Aid Allocation to Papua New Guinea by Simon Feeny and Mark McGillivray Multilateral Aid Coordination by the International Financial Institutions: An Examination of Canadian Development Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa by Dane Rowlands and Ian Ketcheson Aid Principles and Policy: An Operational Basis for the Assessment of Donor Performance by Mark McGillivray, Jennifer Leavy, and Howard White Interventions, Accountability, and Aid: Narrowing the Gap Between NGO Priorities and Local Realities by Craig A. Johnson Foreign Aid and Donor Export Performance: The Case of Germany by Siegfried Schonherr and Kurt Vogler-Ludwig Coordinated and Uncoordinated Foreign Aid by Sajal Lahiri and Pascalis Raimondos-Moller Impact of Aid on Development Empirical Evidence of Foreign Aid and Economic Growth Relationship: The Case of the Solomon Islands by Rukmani Gounder Component of Donors' Foreign Aid Policies? by B. Mak Arvin, Francisco Barillas, and Byron Lew Policy Implications for Aid Allocations of Recent Research on Aid Effectiveness and Selectivity by Jonathan Beynon Foreign Aid, Wage Inequality, and Skill Formation in a North-South Product-Cycle Model by Michael Benarroch and James Gaisford Index


I argue that the UN Charter allows the use of force against non-state actors if their attacks meet the 'armed attack' threshold and the host state is 'unwilling or unable' to take effective measures. The proposed six point criteria; informed by the inherent peace seeking spirit of the Charter, drawing insights from the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and the ICC Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998, would assist in determining the two limbs of the test: unwillingness and inability. Each limb has separate requirements and needs to be assessed separately starting with willingness, as an able state may not be willing to take necessary measures. The proposed criteria are that (i) there must be an armed attack or it is imminent against the victim state; (ii) the host state must show willingness by words and deeds; (iii) it must demonstrate military ability (immediate and long term) to stop or prevent the attack; (iv) a reasonable time should be allowed to the host state to effectively deal with the non-state actor; (v) 'effectively' dealing with the non-state actor/s includes political will and ability seeking a political solution; and (vi) if the host state does not have control over its entire territory, the victim state may use necessary and proportionate use of force in self-defence. The attacks in Afghanistan by the armed groups based in Pakistan collectively constitute an armed attack triggering the use of force in self-defence. As Pakistan is willing and able to take measures against non-state actors, any US strikes inside Pakistan, without Pakistan's consent, would be unlawful. The attacks in Pakistan by the Pakistani origin armed groups based in Afghanistan collectively constitute an armed attack and as Afghanistan is unable to take measures and lacks control in certain parts of Afghanistan, the Pakistani strikes inside Afghanistan (especially in the uncontrolled border areas) are lawful.


A standard view is that global governance institutions require strong accountability mechanisms to perform effectively and legitimately. Yet these institutions are much better at preaching than practicing accountability. A standard explanation for this gap references interests. For various reasons, institutions and their creators would rather be less than more accountable, and they are quite content to live with the hypocrisy. This article points to an alternative possibility: the public interest. An article of faith is that modern governance should be staffed by relatively autonomous experts who use their specialized knowledge for the greater good; accordingly, they cannot be accountable to those who are affected by their decisions. Too much democracy, therefore, can be a source of dysfunction. Yet expert authority's virtues also can become vices; namely, insulation from those affected by their decisions can also be a source of dysfunction, most closely associated with the "iron cage." Although the possibility that expertise is both a virtue (effectiveness) and a vice (dysfunction) is well known in the literature on domestic governance, it has been neglected in discussions of global governance. Indeed, the dangers of, and dysfunctions associated with the iron cage might be greater in global governance than in domestic governance precisely because of the absence of institutional checks that often are produced by a preexisting social contract between the rulers and the ruled. I probe this possibility in the area of humanitarian governance.


This paper presents an approach to determine strategic buses for harmonic filter placement by correlating the sensitivity index based on the inherent structure theory network (ISTN) and harmonic current injection at buses of the distribution network/feeder. The strategic buses for the harmonic filter are characterized as either the bus with maximum total harmonic voltage distortion (THDV) in a distribution feeder, or the bus where the placement of the harmonic filter would result in maximum reduction in the overall average THDV in the distribution feeder. The advantage of using this approach is that it provides insight into the interaction of the network structure with harmonic current sources in the distribution network in regards to the performance of harmonic filters. The assessment of the performance of a strategically placed passive harmonic filter based on the proposed approach is evaluated for peak and offpeak load scenarios on a radial distribution network. The results indicate that passive harmonic filters that are placed based on harmonic current emission levels perform better than harmonic filters placed based on ISTN alone. The strategically placed passive harmonic filters are highly effective in controlling harmonic propagation in distribution networks


Background: Acrylamide has been classified as a probable human carcinogen based chiefly on laboratory evidence. However, the influence of dietary acrylamide intake on risk of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer has not been extensively studied. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary acrylamide intake and esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer using data from the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study. Methods: Our study included 87,628 participants who completed a food-frequency questionnaire at enrollment in 1990 and 1993. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: After 15.5, 15.3, and 15.3 mean years of follow-up for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, we identified and analyzed 391 esophageal, 2,218 gastric, and 2,470 colorectal cancer cases, respectively. Compared with the lowest quintile of acrylamide intake, the multivariate HR for the highest quintile was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.53–1.39; Ptrend = 0.814), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.69–1.01; Ptrend = 0.301), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.79–1.08; Ptrend = 0.165) for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, respectively, in the multivariable-adjusted model. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed when the participants were stratified by cancer subsites. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary acrylamide intake was not associated with increased risk of esophageal, gastric, or colorectal cancer among the Japanese population. Impact: It is the first time to assess the effect of dietary acrylamide intake on risk of digestive system cancer in Asian populations.


Abstract This article details the genesis, making, release and reaction to 'Homosexuality: A Fact of Life', an educational tape-slide kit produced by the Tyneside branch of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality in the late 1970s. The kit is situated in relation to the history of sex education in Britain and beyond, and compared to other subsequent examples of educational materials that have caused a furore: the book Jenny Lives With Eric and Martin and its connection to Section 28, and the No Outsiders programme that generated protests in 2019. It is argued that the tactics adopted by the makers of 'Homosexuality: A Fact of Life' could serve as a valuable toolbox for future activists.


Face hobbing has been successfully applying in manufacturing straight bevel gears using a virtual hypocycloidal straight-line mechanism. This method is a continuous indexing and double-flank cutting process, and is recognized its high productivity and precision. In order to improve gear contact condition, three types of flank modifications are frequently used in gear industry: profile crowning, lengthwise crowning, and longitudinal twist. In the design of the spiral bevel and hypoid gear, under satisfying a specified accuracy requirement, three types of modifications are blended properly during gear design to absorb assembly and manufacture errors. Circular cutter blades are normally adopted to accomplish the first type modification. The second can be achieved by a cutter radius change or a cutter tilt with adjusted pressure angles. The last can be achieved by a cutter tilt or modified tool path (for example, helical motion and modified roll). This paper proposes a lengthwise crowning method for face-hobbed straight bevel gear (SBG) using a hypocycloidal mechanism. This modification is applied to the pinion only. A numerical example drive with point-contact tooth surfaces is adopted to validate the proposed mathematical model. Finally, two evaluations, ease-off topography and tooth contact analysis (TCA), are made to investigate the contact condition of this numerical case.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


A method using an accelerator and thin targets is suggested for investigating very small energy losses in highenergy electron or proton scattering events. (C.E.S.)


The event‐related potential P300 has been studied in 15 migraine without aura sufferers, and in 15 episodic tension‐type headache sufferers, during pain‐free periods and during spontaneous headache attacks. There were no variations of potential, either of P3 latency or N2 ‐P3 amplitude, in either group during the interictal period. Similarly, there were no variations of the P300 parameters in the group of tension‐type headache subjects during headache attacks; by contrast, a significant elongation of latency (P <0.01) and an increment of N2‐P3 wave amplitude (P<0.002) was observed in the group of migraineurs. The authors discuss the data in accordance with the etiopathogenic theories of migraine and the hypothesis that acetylcholine and norepinephrine are the neurotransmitters able to affect the event‐related potential P300, which reflects cerebral activity during sensory information processing and analysis.