Introduction: Several studies [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] discussed about the possibility of meteorite impacts as the source of magnetic reversals. Here, we show three model mechanisms that may cause such an event. Methods and Results: First model: [7] suggested a meteorite impact in Indonesia, Asia which occurred directed northwards and could be the source impact of Matuyama-Brunhes magnetic reversal. The impact with an average 45° angle [8, 9, 10, 11] can result in a displacement of the exterior part of the liquid iron outer core relative to the interior part of it. Following angular momentum change will disturb the convection pattern to have a new set with Coriolis force. This new convection producing modified electric fields will change the Earth's magnetic field causing a reversal (Figure 1).


Crude oil is one of the most important types of energy and its prices have a great impact on the global economy. Therefore, forecasting crude oil prices accurately is an essential task for investors, governments, enterprises and even researchers. However, due to the extreme nonlinearity and nonstationarity of crude oil prices, it is a challenging task for the traditional methodologies of time series forecasting to handle it. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel approach that incorporates ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), sparse Bayesian learning (SBL), and addition, namely EEMD-SBL-ADD, for forecasting crude oil prices, following the "decomposition and ensemble" framework that is widely used in time series analysis. Specifically, EEMD is first used to decompose the raw crude oil price data into components, including several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one residue. Then, we apply SBL to build an individual forecasting model for each component. Finally, the individual forecasting results are aggregated as the final forecasting price by simple addition. To validate the performance of the proposed EEMD-SBL-ADD, we use the publicly-available West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and Brent crude oil spot prices as experimental data. The experimental results demonstrate that the EEMD-SBL-ADD outperforms some state-of-the-art forecasting methodologies in terms of several evaluation criteria such as the mean absolute percent error (MAPE), the root mean squared error (RMSE), the directional statistic (Dstat), the Diebold–Mariano (DM) test, the model confidence set (MCS) test and running time, indicating that the proposed EEMD-SBL-ADD is promising for forecasting crude oil prices.


Submitted for the DAMOP18 Meeting of The American Physical Society Formation of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules in microgravity1 JOSE D'INCAO, JILA, Dept of Physics, Univ of Colorado and NIST, JASON WILLIAMS, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA — NASAs Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) is a multi-user facility scheduled for launch to the ISS in 2018. Our flight experiments with CAL will characterize and mitigate leading-order systematics in dual-atomic-species atom interferometers in microgravity relevant for future fundamental physics missions in space. As part of the initial state preparation for interferometry studies, here, we study association and dissociation of weakly bound heteronuclear Feshbach molecules, through magnetic field ramps, for expected parameters relevant for the microgravity environment of CAL. This includes temperatures on the pico-Kelvin range and atomic densities as low as 108/cm3. In order to qualitatively explore this problem we developed a theoretical model in which a few atoms are subjected to an artificial trapping potential whose trap frequency is adjusted to reproduce the average interatomic distance in the ultracold gas. This model has been successfully used to analyze previous experiments in molecular formation and we will extent such approach to include various quantitative aspects related to the few-body physics in the problem. Within this model we can obtain the efficiency for molecular association and dissociation, as well as estimate the generated heating during the field ramps. 1This research is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Jose D'Incao JILA, Dept of Physics, Univ of Colorado and NIST Date submitted: 26 Jan 2018 Electronic form version 1.4


W einvestigate the possible e ectsthatdeviationsfrom kinetic equilibrium can have on m assive particles asthey decouple from chem icalequilibrium . D i erentm ethodsofsolving the Boltzm ann equation yield signi cantly di erentrelic num berdensitiesofsuch particles.G eneralconsiderations concerning the D irac or M ajorana structure ofthe particles are discussed. It is shown that nonequilibrium e ects are sm allfor particles decoupling while strongly non-relativistic,as willbe the case form ostcold dark m attercandidates. PACS:95.35.+ d,98.80.Cq,95.30.Cq,14.60.St keywords:Early universe,dark m atter,neutrino physics


The fruit of pear,a spurious fruit,is derived from in ferior ovary,has a well developed fleshy fruit wall.There is some sertain differentiation in fruit structure of different breeds.The structure of pericarp and the cell of fruit flesh,the composition in cell are all different.The cuticle on the fruit is thick,it enters into the space among cells of pericarp at the later stage,4 or 5 layer of pericarp has a great amount of tannin,the store resistance of this fruit is good;the cuticle on the fruit is thin,its pericarp doesnt have tannin,the store resistance of this fruit is not good.The size of sclereid in fruit of different pears are different,the amount of carbohydrate is different too.The relationship between the volume of sclereids and the minute of fruit fresh is negative,the relationship between the volume of sclereids and the amount of carbonhydrate of fruit fresh is negative too,they are important elements that affects fruit quality.


The cosmological evolution and the luminosity function (XLF) of X ray selected Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN's) are discussed. The sample used is extracted from the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Surveys (EMSS) and consists of more than 420 objects. Preliminary results from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey data confirm the correctness of the optical identification of the EMSS sources, thus giving confidence to the results obtained from the analysis of the AGN's sample. The XLF observed at different redshifts (up to z approx. 2) gives direct evidence of cosmological evolution. Data have been analyzed within the framework of luminosity evolution models and the two most common evolutionary forms, L sub x(Z) = L sub x(0) x e(sup Cr) and L sub x(Z) = L sub x(0) x (1 + z)(exp C), have been considered. Luminosity dependent evolution is required if the evolution function has the exponential form, whereas the simpler pure luminosity evolution model is still acceptable if the evolution function has the power law form. Using the whole sample of objects the number-counts and the de-evolved (z = 0) XLF have been derived. A comparison of the EMSS data with preliminary ROSAT results presented at this meeting indicates an overall agreement.


The importance of ultrasound diagnostics in intensive care units is based on the fact that it is a radiological examination method that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, can be repeated several times in a short period of time, minimally invasive, simple to carry out, does not involve transporting the patient to the radiology service and enables immediate decision-making on diagnosis and further treatment of the patient. Bedside lung US (bLUS) can reliably identify pneumothorax, consolidation, atelectasis, interstitial syndromes, pleural effusions with a high degree of sensitivity. Experts consider it a reliable tool on the basis of which a clinical decision can be made. Chest radiography is the most commonly used visualization method of examination in intensive care units and is certainly used for the diagnosis of ARDS. Radiography cannot monitor changes in the interstitium in a short period of time but ultrasound can detect more discrete changes in the interstitium, which is important for making the decision to extubate the patient. Bedside lung ultrasound is a simple visualization technique for the detection and characterization of conditions in the lung parenchyma. It can detect pleural effusion, interstitial syndrome, pneumothorax with considerable sensitivity and can be a good prognostic criterion for patient extubation


The present invention, large mammals and particularly humans, preferably in human diabetic patients, contain an oxo group in α- position to the nitrogen, and third in 1- (carboxyalkyl) substituted by cyclopentylcarbonyl amino group It is benzazepine -N- acid derivatives and / or salts thereof and biological instability (biolabil) ester and / or new use of these physiological acceptable solvates, suitable for preparation and novel therapeutic pharmaceutical compositions about the product. The present invention is particularly renal failure, renal disease or disorder, preferably relates to the treatment and / or prevention of renal failure, renal disease or disorder in a patient kidney disease, however further Syndrome X patients or particular added in a broad sense Te hypertension, obesity, renal failure with hyperglycemia and / or metabolic disorders, for the treatment and / or prophylaxis in patients with renal disease and / or renal failure.


We study a fundamental question from graph drawing: given a pair (G, C) of a graph G and a cycle C in G together with a simple polygon P , is there a straight-line drawing of G inside P which maps C to P ? We say that such a drawing of (G, C) respects P . We fully characterize those instances (G, C) which are polygon-universal, that is, they have a drawing that respects P for any simple (not necessarily convex) polygon P . Specifically, we identify two necessary conditions for an instance to be polygon-universal. Both conditions are based purely on graph and cycle distances and are easy to check. We show that these two conditions are also sufficient. Furthermore, if an instance (G, C) is planar, that is, if there exists a planar drawing of G with C on the outer face, we show that the same conditions guarantee for every simple polygon P the existence of a planar drawing of (G, C) that respects P . If (G, C) is polygon-universal, then our proofs directly imply a linear-time algorithm to construct a drawing that respects a given polygon P . 2012 ACM Subject Classification Human-centered computing → Graph drawings


As the editorial group for this special edition of Sport, Education and Society, we are very grateful to the Editorial Board for the opportunity offered to highlight work we consider to be substantial and significant. The edition is focussed on how concerns around touching behaviours, abuse and the protection of children and young people in physical education (PE) and sports coaching contexts have impacted on the experience of teaching and being taught, and of coaching and being coached. It also identifies and considers the implications of particular policy, practical and pedagogical approaches to the issue. Like most special editions, it might be described as having been many years in the making, but there is also a particular and recent prompt which made it timely: the completion of the fieldwork for, and the initial analysis of data from, the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded project Hands-off sports coaching: the politics of touch (Piper, Garratt, & Taylor, 2012). This qualitative research initiative and its context were referred to previously in this journal (Piper, Taylor, & Garratt, 2012). The project is significant as the first substantial, although relatively modestly funded, UK research initiative in the area which was also unconnected to any of the influential organisations which dominate PE and sports coaching, child protection policy and practice, and the critical areas of overlap between the two. However, beyond welcoming the opportunity to include discussion of some project outcomes in a special edition, we were conscious that many colleagues in the UK and other national contexts were researching similar issues, were motivated by the same concerns, and would want to be involved. Because of this, the process of selection was quite competitive, and the result is a special edition which includes papers emanating directly from the ESRC-funded project, some others from the UK, and also some which provide valuable international insights and comparisons. While all the selected papers deploy an essentially qualitative and interpretive approach, under this umbrella there is considerable diversity in terms of the methodologies and conceptual frameworks through which the issues of touch, abuse and protection in sports coaching and PE are addressed. There is also a satisfying variety through the inclusion of early-career researchers alongside others with substantial experience.


The required magnetic field for the fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator is proportional to the k-th power of the orbit radius where k is the field index of the accelerator. Although the field is constant in time, the design of the magnets is more difficult than that of the conventional synchrotron due to the intrinsically nonlinear field. There are several ways to design the FFAG magnet. The "iron pole shape" makes the field by changing the pole gap size along the radius, which is the most conventional and suitable for the compact FFAG. Another way is a "pole face winding" where the field is produced by distributing the coil current along the radius. Although it is a challenging design, a large and high field FFAG is feasible. The third one is a "multipole combination" in which the magnetic field is generated by combining the multipole components of the fields. This could be applied to superconducting magnets. The FFAG has the potential for various applications, and the magnet design of the FFAG should be selected properly for each application.


Two well data which are used as a modelling input in this study (BLN-1 and MBL-1) do not have measured shear wave data. Therefore, I predict the shear wave velocity in those two wells using several approximation. Firstly, I use the simple method by formulating moduli of dry rock as a function of consolidation parameter proved to give accurate results over the depth interval with the absences of crack pore type. Secondly, I consider the pore geometry effect on the elastic velocity prediction in the basement and shaly-sand interval. This pore geometry effect can be modelled by using differential effective medium model.Results from the different approach proved that by neglecting the effect of pore geometry, shear wave prediction results in the basement interval show larger misfit and lower correlation coefficient. The improvement of the prediction results obtained by incorporating the penny shaped ellipsoidal pore type of the basement. Clay is known to have laminar mineral orientation. Hence, the clay pore geometry is assumed to have smaller pore aspect ratio compared to sand pore aspect ratio. Therefore, the differential effective medium approach is choosen to describe the effect of microporosity associated with the compliant clay pores. This method also provide the basis for the clay substitution process which is important to quantify in the shaly-sand reservoir.


Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of BioMedFlex® (BMF), a new resilient, hard-carbon, thin- film coating, as a blood journal bearing material in Cleveland Heart's continuous-flow left and right ven- tricular assist devices (VADs). BMF is not classified as a diamond-like carbon (DLC) and differs from other thin-film carbon coatings by its high flexural strength, radiopacity, and wear resistance. A 2- to 4-μm-thick BMF adhesion layer was deposited on the VAD journal bearing surfaces. A commercial DLC coating used in other clinical blood pump applications was used as a control. Durability and reliability of the BMF coating was verified in severe pump start/stop testing using 20 BMF-coated journal bearing pairs. The BMF-coated surfaces showed no coating failures, whereas 57% of the DLC bearing pairs developed scratches through the carbon coating, documenting that BMF can provide a durable coating in our blood journal bearing application. In conclusion, BMF has shown qualities that support its significant advantages as an alternative journal bea- ring material in Cleveland Heart pumps. Our plan includes biocompatibility testing with ongoing animal studies, endurance testing with submerged pumps running in saline, and assessment of batch coating processing capability.


Pattern collapse, also as known as leaning, has become one of the most common and challengeable defects in semiconductor manufacturing process due to device shrinkage. In single wafer wet cleaning, Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) rinse is widely used after Deionized Water (DIW) rinse. Fingering instabilities are observed at the mixing boundary of IPA and DIW, where dry spots are formed due to unbalanced capillary force amid patterns. Unlike previous DRAM devices, we have found that recent 1x-nm DRAM devices have become more vulnerable to pattern collapse induced by dry spots related to fingering instability. In this paper, we examine factors and phenomenon related to fingering-induced leaning through both experiments and simulation analysis. In addition, we also propose improved rinsing methods which could prevent fingering and related pattern collapse by adjusting nozzle configurations (i.e. speed, flow rate and etc.).


AbstractA multitude of studies have derived one-dimensional velocity distributions, assuming open channels to be rectangular, and have extended their applications to rivers, canals, and other open ...


The yen has experienced several big swings over recent decades. This paper argues that the fluctuations of the Japanese exchange rate resulted mainly from corresponding movements in the current account, which affected the demand for yen relative to other currencies. The paper builds a vector error correction model for the exchange rate and the current account, based on the idea that the exchange rate and its economic fundamental do not move too far apart over time. In addition, the model allows for a Markov-switching stochastic trend in the current account. Regime changes occur at uncertain dates, possibly in response to exchange rate changes. Bayesian estimation proceeds using an innovative Gibbs-sampling procedure. The empirical results suggest that recurrent structural breaks in the yen's fundamentals account for the large fluctuations of the Japanese exchange rate.


Random deployment, the absence of central authority, and the autonomous nature of the network make wireless sensor networks (WSNs) prone to security threats. Security, bandwidth, poor connectivity, intrusion, energy constraints, and other challenges are critical and could affect the performance of the WSN while considering the energy-efficient and secure routing protocols in WSNs. Security threats to WSNs are gradually being expanded. Thus, to improve the network's performance, detection of anomalies (malicious and suspicious nodes, redundant data, bad connections, etc.) is important. This paper is aimed at introducing the malicious node detection algorithm based on the DBSCAN algorithm, which is a density-based unsupervised learning method for enabling wireless sensor networks to be much more secure and reliable. The prime objective of this algorithm is to develop a routing algorithm capable of detecting malicious nodes and having a prolonged network lifespan and higher stability period. Clustering and classification are two well-known methods in the field of machine learning that can be successfully used in various domains. Density-based clustering is a popular and extensively used approach in various domains. The DBSCAN is the utmost popular and best-known density-based clustering algorithm and is capable of determining arbitrary-shaped clusters. This paper addresses the two anomalies in the WSN, namely, spatial redundancy and malicious node identification. In this article, an algorithm has been suggested to reduce redundant data transmission along with the identification of suspicious nodes to conserve energy and to avoid falsification of data through malicious nodes. The analysis of simulation results and comparison of other algorithms that are in the same class shows that the SDBMND performs significantly better than EAMMH, TEEN, IC-ACO, and LEACH in dense networks.


The subject of this thesis is the perception of choice for social service workers looking hu-man resources manager. The theoretical part is focused on personnel management and se-lection of staff. The practical part describes the implementation of a research method. Application of the method of qualitative analysis, we attempted to create theories.


is dissertation focuses on two aspects of expressive affixes: their morphological/typological properties and their semantics. With regard to the former, it shows that the expressive morphology of many different languages (including Bantu, West Atlantic, Walman, Sanskrit, Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and others), has the following properties: 1) it is systematically anomalous when compared to plain morphology, or the ordinary processes of word-formation and inflection. From this, it follows that many familiar morphological arguments that adduce the data of expressive morphology ought to be reconsidered; and 2) it is far more pervasive than has been traditionally thought. For example, the Sanskrit preverb, and the Indo-European aspectual prefix/particle generally, are shown to have systematically expressive functions. With respect to the semantics of expressive affixes, it develops a novel multidimensional account, in the sense of Pos (2005, 2007a), of Spanish "connotative affixes," which can simultaneously convey descriptive and expressive meaning. It shows that their descriptive meaning is that of a gradable adjective, viewed as a degree relation which includes a measure function, in the sense of Kennedy (1997b). e expressive meaning of connotative affixes, and expressives generally, arises as they manipulate the middle coordinate, I, of expressive indices which, I propose, is inherently specified on all lexical items and canonically set to [−.5, .5] or "neutral." I propose a new mechanism, , which is an algebraic operation for manipulating I, and which accounts for the well-known, and seemingly "contradictory," range of meanings that expressive affixes can express. Whereas prior work assumes that expressive affixes are inherently polysemous, this approach derives their many aested meanings and functions (e.g., "small," "young," "bad," deprecation, appreciation, hypocorism, intensification/exactness, and aenuation/approximation) compositionally, from the interactions of their multidimensionality with the meanings of the roots to which they aach.


PURPOSE: A special character selecting method of a mobile communication terminal is provided to allow a user to effectively select European alphabets by reduced number of key manipulations by attaching a serial number to a selectable European alphabets and displaying it on a separate screen. CONSTITUTION: A controller checks whether an edit mode is selected through a key input unit(S10). If a user inputs a specific alphabet(S11), the controller checks whether a mode shift key has been inputted(S12). When the user selects a mode shift key, the controller checks whether the specific alphabet can be converted into an European character(S13). An European alphabet suitable to the current alphabet is displayed on a pop-up window(S14). The controller checks whether a select key of the specific European alphabet is inputted(S15). The user can substitute the former alphabet with the corresponding European alphabet by depressing a pertinent key(S16).


The article is devoted to the problems of modern museum architecture. Discusses various aspects of the development and implementation of projects of new buildings for museums, emerging issues in their design. The problem of creating new buildings for museums associated with increased in modern social and cultural situation of the role of museums as public spaces. That requires changes of museum space. The basis of the new architecture is the museological concept of openness and accessibility of cultural heritage. Traces the periods of construction of the museum. It is noted that in the twenty-first century the technique of design of new buildings becomes more complicated with the implementation of the museum functions as a tourist center, the place of presentation of scientific and cultural heritage, education and recreation. Article examines different types of museum facilities. In the article these problems are studied on the example of Russian and foreign experience.


There is provided a method for the temporary electrical contact with a component assembly (9) having a plurality of contact surfaces (93, 94). A connection carrier (1) having a plurality of pads (11, 12) on which contact elevations (2) are arranged is provided. Connection carrier (1) and component assembly (9) are brought together such that the connection surfaces (93, 94) and the associated contact surfaces (93, 94) overlap in a plan view, and the contact protrusions (2) for electrical contacting of the component assembly (9) an electric contact to the contact surfaces (93, 94) form. Subsequently connection carrier (1) and component assembly (9) are separated from each other.


Aim - based on the existing regulations and recent documents from the regulatory bodies, determine the methodology for the development of clinical guidelines (CG) that meet the requirements of the legislation in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods . We analyzed a number of regulatory and subordinate acts confirming the concept and status of the CG, in particular, the Federal Law № 323- ФЗ "On the principles of health care for citizens of the Russian Federation", Federal Law № 489- ФЗ "On the amendments to article 40 of the Federal Law "On compulsory medical insurance in the Russian Federation" and the Federal Law "On the principles of health care for citizens of the Russian Federation" concerning clinical guidelines, Order № 102 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 28 Feb 2019 "Regulations on the scientific and practical council of the Ministry of Health of Russia" and Order № 103 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of 28 Feb 2019 "On Approval of the procedure and terms for the development of clinical guidelines and their revision, the model format of clinical guidelines and requirements to their structure, contents and scientific validity of the information included in the clinical guidelines". In addition, we used the documents of regulatory bodies of the Russian Federation, expert opinions from medical professionals and non-profit organizations as well as leading opinions from public sources. Results . Order № 102 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation secured the right of the scientific and practical council to consider and decide on the CG. Order № 103 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the procedure and deadlines for the development/revision of the CG; the typical format of CG; the requirements for the structure of CG, its contents and scientific validity of the information included in the CG. A step-by-step algorithm was created for the procedure and timing of CG development and update; the above documents elaborate on the requirements to the structure of CG, the contents and scientific validity of the information included. There are also comments on the development and design of each CG section (title page, table of contents, list of abbreviations, terms and definitions, brief information on the disease, diagnosis, treatment, medical rehabilitation, prevention and follow-up care, organization of medical care, additional information, criteria for assessing the quality of medical care, list of references, composition of the working group on the development and revision of the CG, methodology of the development of the CG, reference materials, algorithms for doctor's actions, patient information, assessment scales, questionnaires, and other patient assessment tools). The recently adopted requirements for CG registration are compared with the previous methodological recommendations of the regulatory bodies. Discussion. The unification of treatment strategies and the use of evidence-based reasoning in the updated CG will improve the quality of medical care and have a positive impact on the medical insurance segment and the judicial decisions. However, the presented concept of CG has attracted a number of critical comments from representatives of the medical community and medical lawyers. For example, the updated regulatory acts do not specify the deadlines and algorithms for updating the CG; these acts do not address the coordination between various medical non-profit organizations although such coordination is needed to avoid work duplication; the acts determine no specific resources required for the CG development (the latter flaw may have a negative impact on the quality and timing of the resulting CG). Some experts believe that it would be advisable to implement the system called GRADE. In addition, possible legal risks are analyzed in light of the fact that the CG are not regulatory legal documents. Conclusion. Periodic improvements in the CG renewing and approving procedure are an integral part of this large-scale process that introduces changes in the regulatory framework and clinical practice. Compulsory adherence to the CG is a due element of today's high quality medical care.


Phenylpropyl benzenepropanoic acid ester compounds of the present invention relates to a compound of formula cytotoxic activity (1) of propylene-based phenyl acrylate, phenyl and the like or a compound represented by the formula (2) and analogs thereof pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, the present invention also relates to the preparation of these compounds and their method of preparation of intermediate compounds of the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical use of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds. Compounds of the present invention have tumor growth inhibitory activity of certain cells, use can be expected as anti-tumor drugs.


The importance of greenery in urban areas has traditionally been discussed from ecological and esthetic perspectives, as well as in public health and social science fields. The recent advancements in empirical studies were enabled by the combination of 'big data' of streetscapes and automated image recognition. However, the existing methods of automated image recognition for urban greenery have problems such as the confusion of green artificial objects and the excessive cost of model training. To ameliorate the drawbacks of existing methods, this study proposes to apply a patch-based semantic segmentation method for determining the green view index of certain urban areas by using Google Street View imagery and the 'chopped picture method'. We expect that our method will contribute to expanding the scope of studies on urban greenery in various fields.


A relatively new professional society, the Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES), which provides a forum for issues relevant to numerical modeling in applied electromagnetics, is described. The primary focus of ACES is on computational techniques, electromagnetics modeling software, and applications. Included is a description of the ACES annual symposium, publications, code user groups, benchmark problem solution workshops, short courses, software demonstrations, and other activities that serve the professional community.<<ETX>>


The main aim of the study was to compare the state of women's political representation in the leadership structures of South Africa and Cameroon after almost two decades of multi-party politics in these two African states. The objectives were: to examine the structures and mechanisms that have been put in place in both countries to promote and advance gender equality and women's empowerment; to find out the obstacles which inhibit women's political representation or their advancement; and to explore whether improved women's representation could change Africa's political culture. The study has been conceptualized within the theories of leadership, liberal feminism, patriarchy and social dominance. The unit of analysis was women in leadership structures of parliament, political parties and government. The study used a qualitative research approach, and designs used were comparative case-study, phenomenology and historical designs. A stratified purposive sampling approach was used in the selection of 120 participants from political parties, NGOs and academia. There were 75 participants in South Africa and 45 in Cameroon, inclusive of males and females. A collective case or triangulation method of data collection was also utilized which consisted of interviews, a focus group discussion, an open-ended questionnaire, observation and secondary data. The study found that comparatively, there were many more women represented in political leadership in South Africa than in Cameroon. In addition, many structures and mechanisms have been put in place in South Africa to cater for gender equality and women's empowerment. However, even with a high number of women at the helm of government, this has not made the South African society less patriarchal. Indeed, women in both countries still face many obstacles in their quest for advancement in the political arena.


This paper aims to analyse and demonstrate the possibilities of applying speech act theory in the framework of European integration studies by examining the case of the Eastern European enlargement. We start with the brief overview of the speech act theory as being delineated by J. L. Austin and John R. Searle. Then we examine the interdisciplinary "spill-over" into the International relations studies, particularly Security studies. Finally, drawing on the recent rationalist- constructivist discussion around Eastern enlargement we try to show how Austinian legacy, which "limits" itself on the very "surface" of the available public/official speech and its effects, can help us grasp the historically specific moment of the accession of post-communist regimes that have challenged the foundations of the EU integration process.


English is the lingua franca of the world and it is as such affecting many languages; Slovene is no exception to this process. In the indirect contact between English and Slovene, the former is affecting the later in different areas, but the most receptive are the areas of media and the spoken discourse of young people. In the language of conversation of high school students in Slovenia, English is mostly used to fill lexical gaps, but lately it is also used in cases where there already exists a Slovene equivalent. This is a consequence of an increased influence of English on Slovene. There are some English words and phrases that are used by high school students independently of the fact where these students live, and there are some words and phrases that vary from city to city. Students of three different cities (Ljubljana, Maribor, and Murska Sobota) were included in the research sample. The purpose of this diploma paper was to find out the degree of students' awareness of English influence on Slovene, to find the differences in the use of English among students living in different cities and to determine words and phrases that are most commonly used in the language of conversation of young people in Slovenia.


The effect of pretreatment with medicated feed on ({sup 14}C) salinomycin residue levels in pig tissues was studied. Pigs were fed unmedicated feed or feed medicated with salinomycin at 41 ppm in the diet for 29 days and then dosed with ({sup 14}C)salinomycin for 8 days. Total drug residue levels were below quantifiable limits of detection of kidney, fat, and muscle but at the tolerance limit of 1,800 ppb for liver. In liver, pretreatment tended to lower total residue levels, and unchanged ({sup 14}C)salinomycin accounted for <1% of the total drug residue. Approximately 15-20% of the total drug residue in liver was bound. Ionophoric activity in extracts of livers from the treated pigs was minimal, and only 2 of the 12 treated samples had ionophoric activity more than twice that obtained from the controls.


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RKDF COE, Bhopal. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Induction motors are widely used in process, mining, manufacturing industries and in almost every other field dealing with electrical power. These motors are simple, efficient, highly robust and rugged thus offering a very high degree of reliability. But like any other machine, these are also vulnerable to faults, which if left unmonitored, might lead to cascading failure of the machine in the long run. On-line condition monitoring of the induction motors has been widely used in the detection of faults. This paper presents a detailed analysis to detect induction motor faults using fuzzy logic. A fuzzy logic approach may help to diagnose induction motor stator faults. In fact, fuzzy logic is equivalent of human thinking processes and natural language enabling decisions to be made based on information.


Object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for separating H2S is able to selectively separate H2S from the gas to be treated containing H2S and CO2, the use of hydrogen and H2S production system of the separation device. In the hydrogen manufacturing system according to the present invention, provided it is filled with triethanolamine loaded adsorbent packed column H2S adsorbent on charcoal (11, 21), and via line (28) containing a supply of CO2 and H2S from about 40 ℃ mixed gas from the synthesis gas. Opening the valve (12, 13), closing the valve (22, 23), closing the valve (14, 15), opening the valve (24, 25), this material is filled in the adsorption column (11) is carried out in a dry state from adsorption of H2S gas to be treated, and the desorption of H2S adsorbent packed column (21). (21) in the adsorption of H2S in the treated gas adsorbent packed column, and in the desorption (11) in the adsorbent packed column, shut-off valve (12,13,24,25) opening the valve (22, 23,14,15).


Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Considering that safety is a key environmental factor that promotes health, understanding the relationship between built environment features around transit station areas and crime may shed light on how to foster healthy communities. Yet, there is limited work that has examined how the combination of different built environment features around transit correlate with different crimes. We addressed this issue in this study using data from Chicago (IL). First, we used cluster analysis to classify stations in Chicago in a spectrum from transit-oriented development (TOD) to transit-adjacent development (TAD) categories depending on their built environment characteristics: central business district (CBD)–TOD, TOD, hybrid, and TAD. Then, we identified the block groups that fell within a 1-mile network distance of each of these station areas and used propensity score matching to find adequate comparison block groups for them. Results from our analyses show that CBD station areas with the highest activity density, land use diversity, amenity richness, accessibility, and walkability (i.e., CBD–TOD) were the safest. In contrast, TOD areas with medium activity density and land use diversity but high amenity richness, walkability, and accessibility appeared to be the least safe. That said, low levels across these built environment features as found in TAD station areas also correlated with higher crime. Takeaway for practice These findings suggest the importance of balancing amenity richness and accessibility with density and land use diversity. Areas rich in amenities but with lower levels of land use diversity and density may attract crime victims and offenders while facilitating spaces in which the availability of eyes on the street or guardians is low. As such, these station areas may be poor promoters of healthy communities if high crime rates deter people from engaging in active mobility promoted by greater walkability, connectivity, and amenity richness.


Visual analytics are practically an application of the task of transforming the data into meaningful and reliable information in order to synthesize the knowledge about the data. Recently, organizations collect large data with aim of extracting useful information for organizational usage for better decision making. When the organization have a large and complex information, it leads to more complex relationship between the variables in the data. As a consequence, the visual analytics representation must be able to show, visualize and handle for more complex relationship of data. However, the research found the lack of relationship research in current visual analytics that lead difficulties to guide and design new relationship representation. Thus, this research aim to recognize, discover and categorize relationships types of visual analytics in representing a set of analytical data. Design Science Research Methodology has been used as research method for this study. It consists of two activities which are i). identify the visual analytic relationship context and its challenge and ii). analysis of relationship in visual analytics representation. At the end, this study is expected to identify and categorize the visual analytics representation according to six relationship types. This identification can help the visual analytics community to understand the primary and basic concept of relationship representation as a guidelines and knowledge for more comprehensive research in the future.


Epoxy resins are the class of thermosetting polymers that are widely used as matrices in composites dedicated for high performance applications, coatings and adhesives to withstand high mechanical loads. They are applied as engineering polymers for structural applications ranging from automotive, aerospace structures to high quality flooring.But their highly cross linked structure often leads to brittleness and poor resistance to crack initiation. The objective of this study was to overcome the disadvantage of epoxy thermosets and to systematically develop and understand novel polymeric hybrid nanocomposites that include innovative block copolymers with tailored morphologies in order to generate high toughness. Furthermore, rigid fillers were added systematically together with block copolymers in order to study synergistic effects that result from the combination of the more rigid CNT's and the softer block copolymer nanoparticles. The resulting matrix was extensively and carefully characterized by standard methods. This includes thorough characterization of mechanical, fracture mechanical and viscoelastic properties. The resulting formulations led to significant increase in fracture toughness and critical energy release rate.


Ann Saudi Med 2004; 25(1): 56-57 Circumcision is one of the most commonly performed surgical operations worldwide, 1,2 with about one-third of the world's population circumcised.3 It is also one of the oldest surgical procedures. Circumcised mummies have been found, 2,4 indicating that ancient Egyptians performed circumcision around 2340 BC. Circumcisions are performed for religious reasons, mainly among Muslims and Jews. Medical indications during early childhood include phimoses, balanitis and condylomata.4,10 Circumcision is performed for health protection as it protects against urinary tract infection,5 HIV infection,6 penile cancer and cervical cancer in the female partner.7,8,9


This article describes the CASTOR program, which calculates the real time effect upon bridges of the stresses caused by traffic. The main functions of the program are described first. The first function is to calculate the effects of such stresses as moments, shear stresses, and bearing pressures that are generated in the bridge by traffic. Various histograms are also drawn at this stage to show the effects of traffic with time. The second step is to identify the influence lines or surfaces. The article then goes on to describe the mathematical equations used in CASTOR, and its data processing methods. Finally, examples are provided of its use. These include fatigue calculations of a composite bridge over the river Nive, and the evaluation of the safety of a motorway bridge. The article was originally published in French in: Bulletin de Liason des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussees (1989) (No. 164) pp 64-77. (TRRL)


Summary form only given. We propose a new highly efficient RLL code with the minimum run-length constraint d=3 and the maximum run-length constraint k=7 with CMOS implementation result.


Urheen teaching is an essential element of instrumental music teaching in Normal colleges. In order to improve theurheen teaching quality, and cultivate students' interests, the author discusses the reform programme from methodology, teachingcontents and other factors.


The research aims to use marketing principles to address the proper techniques that can be usefully applied by security consultant's work for small businesses. In turn, this research can be classified as qualitative, descriptive where were analyzed information's contained the Work Accident Statistical Year book also can be characterized how descriptive, since it describes  the marketing activities to be used with small businesses, and is a cross-sectional study involving several cases in which data were collected in a single chronological step. The literature was developed using marketing authors and Work safety. The data were analyzed using the factors that influence consumer behavior Chisnall (1995), the model of the buying decision process described by Kotler (1967), stages of growth proposed by Churchill and Lewis (1983) business, strategic and specific definitions for small businesses described by Rodrigues (2012). It was identified that small businesses have characteristics that are centered around the owner. As a marketing strategy, personal selling can be effective.


Design parameters for an ideal wireless sensor network include minimal size and energy consumption, local intelligence for self-assembly and data processing, minimum data transmission over maximum range, ad hoc deployment and redundant path allocation. This paper reviews some of the recent developments in antenna design for wireless sensor networks.


It is 10 years since the Grade 1-9 Integrated Curriculum was implemented by the Taiwan official and it has been paid close attention to since then.However,what are the results of it and wheher it has brought vitality and power to Taiwan education?The experience is worth summarizing and reflecnting concerning with our education reform.


Introduction Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is a disease impacting livestock industries economically and in terms of animal health and welfare. In New Zealand, the most prevalent pathogens associated with NCD are rotavirus and Cryptosporidium (Mawly et al. 2015), but other common pathogens include coronavirus and Salmonella. By the time an animal presents with clinical signs of disease, much of the associated tissue damage to the intestinal submucosa may have already occurred, hence affecting production. Therefore, there is a need to develop methods for early disease detection, which ideally could be incorporated into automated systems for real-time, remote sensing. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive method of detecting radiated heat. The use of IRT in livestock and veterinary applications was reviewed by Luzi et al. (2013). Studies have shown IRT can be used for early identifi cation of calves with BRD (bovine respiratory disease) and BVD (bovine viral diarrhoea), using changes in eye temperature (Schaefer et al. 2004, 2012). Schaefer et al. (2012) demonstrated that images could be collected automatically at a water trough. In dairy calves, the behavioural information (e.g. number of visits) gathered remotely at an automatic calf-feeding (ACF) system can be used for identifi cation of at risk animals (Svensson & Jensen, 2007; Borderas et al. 2009). However, the use of these automated systems has not been fully investigated under New Zealand conditions, where calves are exposed to different pathogens and management. This study was part of a larger project investigating automated methods for early disease detection. The aim of this part of the study was to investigate the thermal responses of different body areas and feeding behaviour associated with the onset of NCD.


In work on Cheddar cheese flavour, methanethiol-producing coryneform bacteria were isolated from milk and cheese and their characteristics have been described (Sharpe, Law & Phillips, 1976). As the optimum temperature for growth of these strains was 30 to 37"C, and they tolerated 15 % NaCl, these authors suggested that the strains might originate from the skin. Investigations of coryneform bacteria from human skin have shown that organisms with a similar cell-wall pattern are common members of the diphtheroid skin flora (Pitcher, 1976). Preliminary work showed that many of these organisms produced methanethiol from L-methionine. This paper describes characteristics of some of the methanethiol-producing dairy and skin strains of coryneform bacteria having meso-diaminopimelic acid as their cell-wall diamino acid. Strains of Brevibacterium linens were included, as many characteristics of these organisms (Yamada & Komagata, 1970, 1972a, b) were similar to those of our strains.


The thin films of Lead Phthalocyanine (PbPc) on glass substrates were prepared by Vacuum deposition. The thickness of the films was 450 nm. The sample annealed in high vacuum at 373 K temperature. The sample has been analysed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy in order to get structural and surface morphology of the PbPc thin film. The formation of XRD patterns of PbPc shows a triclinic grains (T) seen along with monoclinic (M) forms of PbPc. The sample is annealed at 373 K temperatures; the film shows peaks that assigned to the triclinic phase. SEM and AFM are the best tools to investigate the surface smoothness and to find the grain size of the particles. The grain size is calculated for all films of different thicknesses. The annealed AFM micrograph shows that the surface of the films consists of large holes. The annealed AFM image indicates a smooth surface. It is very clear that the grain size decreases with increase in the annealing temperature. The roughness also decreases with the increase in film annealing temperature. Annealed film leads to the oxidation of the phthalocyanine with oxygen absorbed or diffused. Therefore, the heat is responsible for the increase in film thickness. Since the films expand, it is believed that the porosity is increased.


Gait phase recognition is an effective method of analyzing human motion and behavior that can be very meaningful in people's daily life, especially when struggling with assisted rehabilitation. In this paper, a new algorithm that can recognize a human gait phase more accurately is proposed. The new gait phase recognition algorithm is based on a deep memory convolutional neural network (DM-CNN) using multiple sensor fusion. We used the plantar pressure sensor array and acceleration sensor array gait data, and then extracted the gait features using the DM-CNN. The measured data of the continuous gait cycle were divided into unit steps, and the data were analyzed and preprocessed. Then, a feature map of each sensor array was extracted by constructing a separate DM-CNN. Finally, each feature map was combined into a fully connected network, and a memory function was introduced to simulate historical behavior. We then tested the algorithm on the phases of a gait cycle and compared the evaluation indicators of each phase. In the experiment, we compared single-mode and multimode recognition results, and compared those with the new hidden Markov model (N-HMM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithms. The experimental results show that when the multisensor data are fused, the average recognition accuracy can reach 97.1%, which is higher than those of the other algorithms and improves the recognition of a human gait phase. The accurate recognition of human gait can provide a better theoretical basis for the design of exoskeleton robot control strategies.


A theory is presented for the electrohydrodynamic deformation of a thin fluid stream and applied to the experiments of Rhodes, Snyder, and Roberts on colloidal dispersions. The resulting transverse velocity field has a symmetric four-lobe structure and, when the conductivity of the sample is greater than that of the surrounding fluid, the sample deforms into a ribbon whose axis is parallel to the incident field. The ribbon axis is perpendicular to the field if the conductivities are reversed. Electrohydrodynamic velocities are of the order of microns per second and the theory agrees with the qualitative and quantitative features of existing experimental data


Primary dentition is important for space maintenance, mastication, speech, and development of occlusion, premature loss of which results in space loss, deep bite, crowding, tooth impactions, and midline shift. Deciduous second molar guides the erupting first permanent molar which uprights in position after following the forward and upward path of eruption. Prevention of the space loss due to premature loss of primary second molar always been a challenge for pedodontists. Several designs of guiding appliances are proposed, the most common design being the Willet's appliance. Willet's design unable to provide broad contact often results in dislodgment of the vertical arm, slipping, and rotation of erupting molar. In this article, a modified design of the distal shoe has been compared with three other cases with Willet's appliance.


Tuning curves were obtained in cat by masking the whole‐nerve action potential (AP), applying a forward‐masking paradigm. The Q10 values of the tuning curves appeared to be about half the values found for threshold tuning curves of single nerve fibers. After inducement of a noise trauma by a 105 dB SPL wide‐band noise that lasted for 30 min, Q10 values of the AP tuning curves became noticeably smaller. We carefully checked that this decrease of Q10 should be attributed to a loss in tuning selectivity and not to changes in the masking phenomenon itself. A decrease of Q10 values due to the noise trauma was found also for tuning of single cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. For both the whole‐nerve and the single‐cell responses, the decrease of Q10 is not simply an effect of stimulus level. The decrease is found for tuning curves just above pre‐ and post‐trauma thresholds as well as for tuning curves at the same SPL before and after inducement of the trauma. [Research supported by the Netherlands Or...


Mikulincer and Shaver's (2007) model of attachment-system functioning and dynamics in adulthood provided the impetus for developing three self-report measures assessing adult attachment characteristics. These scales are collectively referred to as the Tripartite Attachment Battery (TAB). The Secure Attachment Scale assesses attachment insecurity-security along a single dimension. This is the first self-report measure designed to directly assess attachment security in adults in this manner. The Organized Insecurity Scale includes subscales assessing two specific forms of insecurity: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Unlike other popular measures of adult attachment assessing these constructs, it also includes items that capture secondary attachment strategies related to anxiety (i.e., hyperactivation) and avoidance (i.e., deactivation). The Disorganized Attachment Scale is based on an earlier self-report measure. It captures a more severe form of attachment insecurity characterised by fear, confusion about relationships, and distrust. The process of developing items for these measures is briefly described and an initial psychometric evaluation of each measure is presented. These evaluations were aimed at: (a) assessing the internal consistency of each scale or subscale, and (b) identifying poor items that may need to be removed or modified. A small convenience sample (N = 53) was used. Each measure had a high level of internal consistency, with coefficient alphas ranging from .81 to .93. Recommendations regarding further revising and evaluating the measures included in the TAB are presented.


Electron phase contrast images with a resolution of at least 2 A have been obtained using a modified commercial electron microscope. A "phase column" approximation for interpreting such images is briefly discussed and applied to images of graphite, evaporated carbon, and a synthetic polypeptide. Hexagonal features about 5 A in diameter are attributed to the graphite unit cell imaged by the six first-order prism plane reflections. The image so produced is a next-nearest neighbor representation.


In presenting us an overview of youth ministry, an area of concern not noted for intellectual achievement, Maria Harris' new book is something of a milestone. The special value of Portrait of Youth Ministry is that it pays attention to the vast literature about youth that needs to be studied if youth ministry is to be more than recreation in a religious mode. Harris consistently points her readers to educational, social science, and theological literature needed for the proper grounding and directing of ministry to and with youth. The genre of this book is that of text or quasi-text, since the material grew out of a course Harris has been teaching at Andover-Newton Theological School. Each chapter is followed by a section entitled "Study and Practice," presenting practical approaches to aspects of youth ministry developed by the students under Harris' direction. These sections are especially useful for the way they suggest the implications for practice of Harris' theory of youth ministry. While not all will agree fully with the schematics of Harris' theory of ministry in general or of ministry to youth, readers will find particular points of great value. The chief of these is the way she consistently deals with youth in the context of culture. The cultural forces shaping the consciousness of young people and impacting their lives are too easily overlooked by persons dealing with the young, including teachers of religious studies. Chapter 6, "the Ministry of Advocacy," and Chapter 7, "The Ministry of Troublemaking," appear to be quite important in setting new agenda for those who intervene in the lives of young people. This book will be particularly useful for those thinking of adding a course in youth ministry for undergraduates wanting a systematic overview of this pastoral area. Others, however, may want to review the book to glean a sense of where youth ministry is heading. Anyone seeking background reading on young people in our society will find clues to most of the important literature in Harris' footnotes and in her several resource bibliographies. Finally, this book is best read in the context of Harris' other writings on the intersection of religion and education, including her work on aesthetics and her attention both to educational forms and to the challenge of education to re-form our approaches to reality.


Archaeological sites on gravel beach ridge plains offer a treacherously facile method of reconstructing cultural chronology based on the assumption that settlements were preferentially situated nearest the sea. the initial phase of beach ridge methodology in Alaska dates from its 1930s use by Henry Collins at St. Lawrence Island and its 1950s use by Louis Giddings in Kotzebue Sound. Numerous questions of cultural and depositional chronology remain unresolved. At Gambell, on St. Lawrence Island, three sets of ridges span the period since about 2000 B.P., with a prominent disconformity after Punuk culture times at ca. 1100 B.P. Reviewing the 14C dates (n = 83) we find that the Gambell sequence (n = 50) broadly parallels that of Kotzebue Sound, especially in the similar erosional disconformity at 1200-1000 B.P., related to increased storminess in the North Pacific. the Cape Krusenstern sequence is only loosely constrained by 14C dates (n = 33) disproportionately concentrated on 7 of the 114 ridge fragments. the dating of early Choris culture is especially problematic, which seems to occur both before and after the Old Whaling culture, well-dated at 2900-2800 B.P. on the 53rd ridge. However, reanalyzing the depositional sequence, we find that some of the more easterly Choris ridges probably represent erosional events after the Old Whaling occupation.


This issue of Environmental Practice is devoted to water resources. Water issues, including water quality and supply, are projected to be the global geopolitical hot button issues of the twenty-first century. While much media attention has been paid to water shortages in states like California and Arizona, the Great Lakes, representing 20% of the world's fresh water supply, are also under threat. Peter Annin's 2006 book, The Great Lakes Water Wars, provides a cogent discussion of how competition for Great Lakes water resources is likely to play out. He notes that at the time of the writing of the book, water quality and invasive species including the zebra mussel had been the chief concern in the Great Lakes. Invasive species is still of great concern, as witnessed by the attempts to prevent invasive Asian carp from entering Lake Michigan via the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS). However, attention has shifted from invasive species to the issue of water supply and quality. Annin states: "Water scarcity throughout the world—and even in parts of the Great Lakes region—will put mounting pressure on one of the most abundant freshwater ecosystems on earth.... The lakes are the region's most important and precious natural resource—they define the area's economy, culture and environment." The debate and tension among waterparched states over access to Great Lakes water resources will no doubt provide some great political theater in the coming decades and could ultimately lead to major changes in water resource policy at the local, state, and federal levels. Stay tuned! Water resources and Great Lakes issues will be two of many exciting tracks at the 2016 NAEP annual conference, April 11-14 in Chicago. We hope you will be able to attend.


The aim of this diploma project is to acquaint readers with the problems of the evaluation of the company. There are circumscribed classical and modern method evaluation efficiency in theoretic parts first and they are practicaly used to appreciation efficiency companies REDA, a.s.


Studies of war traditionally focused exclusively on causes of conflict, ignoring almost completely the conduct of war and its affect on domestic politics—the "black box of war" was closed. There were a number of reasons for this lack of attention to wartime behavior. The Cold War and fears of nuclear war put a premium on thinking about the causes of war. Realism and international system theories also focused analytical attention on conflict initiation. There was a lack of data on wartime behavior. Finally, flowing from the Vietnam War, there were norms against studying the conduct of war—and fears that doing so would lead others to label one a war monger (for a discussion of these, see Gartner, 1998). With the end of the Cold War, scholars began to tackle a variety of important political questions about wartime behavior such as regime type and war dynamics (Dixon, 1993), who wins wars (Stam, 1996), when do strategies change (Gartner, 1997), and what affects the costs of war (Siverson, 1995). Study of the politics of the conduct of war was encouraged further by the 1998 special issue of The Journal of Conflict Resolution, "Opening up the Black Box of War"; these articles laid out research agendas that have since become central to the study of wartime politics, especially regarding the effect of domestic politics on war. "Reopening the Black Box of War: War and Domestic Politics" both reflects past efforts to understand the politics of the conduct of war and provides new avenues of research. The five articles in this special issue focus on the effect of war on domestic politics, tackling topics such as casualty information, wartime public opinion, elections in times of conflict, military and economic dynamics, and the literature on wartime politics. In "Secondary Casualty Information: Casualty Uncertainty, Female Casualties, and Wartime Support," rather than pursue the well-traveled ground of showing that losses affect support, I develop a macro-theory of wartime public opinion that recognizes different types of casualty information and the roles they play (Gartner, 2008, this issue). The theory encompasses two previously identified concepts, Primary Casualty Information and Contextual Casualty Information, and introduces two new concepts, Casualty Uncertainty, the ability of individuals to draw projections of a war's costs from a casualty pattern, and


Some gas phase contaminants could be photo catalytic degraded into no toxic meterial as CO_2, H_2O by Nanometer TiO_2.In this paper,the photo-catalytic mechanism is introduced,the research actualities of nanometer TiO_2 composite and its application in the field of air purification are reviewed.Meanwhile,the feasibility of application of nanometer TiO_2 composite in wood composite material is analyzed.


This paper aims to develop the theoretical framework underlying the Supply Chain Management Laboratory (scmLAB) set up by the authors. The overall aim of the scmLAB is to stimulate collaboration between the participating companies while, at the same time, study collaborative learning and decision-making in a laboratory setting. The method of the scmLAB combines action research and tailor-made simulation models. The theoretical model integrates conceptual, relational and action-driven components. Situated cognition causes behavioural processes to be distinct within the laboratory setting compared to the natural setting. Therefore, research questions have been developed that set the stage to explore these differences. The paper discloses that further supply chain improvement may only take place through the joint effort of the companies involved and that an intervention method such as the one described may facilitate an effective approach to change.


"Zorrilla Grass Cronica" is to be included in Susana Chavez-Silverman's second volume of cronicas, tentatively titled Letters to los Musos .


A few-monolayer zwitterionic, non-centrosymmetric Langmuir-Blodgett film has been sandwiched between two electrodes, one of which is transparent. Curves of dark current density as a function of applied bias were observed to exhibit rectifier-like behaviour and to follow closely the dependences measured from junctions using two metallic electrodes. The transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode discussed here permitted illumination of the organic film during electrical characterisation and it was observed that the electrical behaviour was altered from the dark state. Illumination has the effect of generating a photocurrent even when no bias is applied to the electrodes; in addition, the junction conductance was increased. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Bearings are widely used in various types of electrical machinery and equipment. As their core components, failures will often cause serious consequences . At present, most methods of parameter adjustment are still manual adjustment of parameters. This adjustment method is susceptible to prior knowledge and easy to fall into the local optimal solution, failing to obtain the global optimal solution and requires a lot of resources.Therefore, this paper proposes a new method of bearing fault diagnosis based on wavelet packet transform and convolutional neural network optimized by simulated annealing algorithm.The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a more accurate effect in feature extraction and fault classification compared with traditional bearing fault diagnosis methods. At the same time, compared with the traditional artificial neural network parameter adjustment, this paper introduces the simulated annealing algorithm to automatically adjust the parameters of the neural network, thereby obtaining an adaptive bearing fault diagnosis method. To verify the effectiveness of the method, the Case Western Reserve University bearing database was used for testing, and the traditional intelligent bearing fault diagnosis method was compared. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has good results in bearing fault diagnosis. Provides a new way of thinking in the field of bearing fault diagnosis in parameter adjustment and fault classification algorithms


An extensive investigation of the equilibrium sites of H in p-type silicon has been performed in order to clarify the inffluence of the specific impurity on the geometry of the silicon-hydrogen-acceptor complexes. Previous studies focused onto the B and Al cases have been extended to the isovalent acceptors Ga and In, making clear the relevance of the impurity atomic size. The on-axis BC site is shown to be a marginal equilibrium position, which evolves toward an off-axis position as soon as the acceptor size exceeds that of B. A novel H metastable site has been estimated, only in Si:In, at the AB-In site, thus suggesting a dependence of H equilibrium sites on the full chemistry of the impurity. These results account well for far-infrared measurements in Si:Al and Si:Ga, as well as for perturbed \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma} angular correlation results in Si:In.


Suggests research themes and conceptual extensions which may be useful to researchers of the leisure industry in the marketing context who are trying to increase commencial productivity or disciplinary relevance of their work. Examines two disparate issues which arise when the meaning of marketing and leisure is considered: the meaning of leisure in the context of marketing; and the meaning of marketing in the context of leisure. Concludes that researchers in the leisure marketing area should be aware of the extent to which consumer behaviour in general can be conceived of as leisure; local authorities can make use of the principles of commercial marketing; and knowledge of either of these areas can make organizations more responsive to the needs of their customers.


Perovskite photodetectors have attracted intensive research interest due to promising applications in sensing, communication, and imaging. However, their performance is restricted by the narrow spectrum range, required power source, and instability in ambient environment. To address these issues, a self‐powered photodetector based on the inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowire array/conjugated‐polymer hybrid structure is designed. The spectra response range of the device can be extended to 950 nm, along with outstanding stability, fast response speed (111/306 µs), and large detectivity (1.2 × 1013 Jones). The performance parameters are comparable to or even better than most reported CsPbBr3 and conjugated‐polymer photodetectors. The excellent performance is mainly attributed to the efficient carrier generation, separation, and transport resulting from array structure and favorable band structure.


With the right choice of sensor, a `simple' pendulum has great potential as a seismometer with superior low frequency sensitivity.


Classification of primary brain tumors is based mainly on histopathological character‐ istics. Due to the peculiarity of the central nervous system (CNS), the location of the tumor is also used in the naming of the CNS tumors. These features, histopathology, and location determine the main prognostic factors in these tumors. Updated molecu‐ lar and genetic findings in the last two decades accumulated vast amount of knowl‐ edge about the biological behavior, response to the treatment, and consequently the prognosis of CNS tumors. After the clinical use of these data, a recent classification is proposed by the International Society of Neuropathology named as "integrated diagnosis." This classification considers the histopathological classification, World Health Organization (WHO) grade along with the molecular information. The emerging molecular-genetic data about the CNS tumors will allow the translational researchers to deliberately understand the oncogenic mechanisms involved in the evolution of these tumors and judge the optional treatment strategies. Evaluating the check points of cell cycle and apoptosis provides valuable information about the tumor biology (tumorigenesis). These mechanisms (pathways) also play an exclusive role in CNS tumors. Knowledge concerning the gene repressors and gene activators or some epigenetic changes in proliferative and antiproliferative pathways that regarded gliomas may yield new individualized treatment options. In this chapter, we will review the basic and translational research molecular-genetic data of gliomas with special interest on proliferative and antiproliferative pathways. Further emerging treatment options and treatment responses in gliomas will be © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. critically evaluated with regard to their histopathology, anatomical location, and molecular-genetic fingerprints.


NESTING AND BROOD-REARING HABITAT SELECTION OF GREATER SAGE-GROUSE AND ASSOCIATED SURVIVAL OF HENS AND BROODS AT THE EDGE OF THEIR HISTORIC DISRIBUTION Katie. M Herman-Brunson May 2007 Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) once occurred in 12 states and 3 Canadian provinces. Sage-grouse populations have declined over the last 60 years due to extensive habitat alteration and loss. Concerns for the management and conservation of greater sage-grouse and their habitats have resulted in petitions to list them under the Endangered Species Act. In North Dakota, sage-grouse are confined to approximately 800 square miles of sagebrush habitat, which is facing severe habitat fragmentation and habitat loss. Sage-grouse in North Dakota are not isolated, but are contiguous with populations in Montana and South Dakota. Annual rates of change suggest a long-term population decline in North Dakota, declining 2.79% per year from 1965 to 2003. The species is listed as a Priority Level 1 Species of Special Concern in the state. The objectives of this study were to estimate nest survival, hen and brood survival, and associated nest and brood-site habitat selection of sage-grouse in southwestern North Dakota. The study was conducted during the spring and summer of 2005 and 2006 in Bowman County, North Dakota. Nest-sites were monitored to determine nest fate and broods were monitored by tracking radio-marked adults that successfully hatched young.


Development of ecodegradable materials and use of them in innovative technology of sowing of seeds of grain crops in a tape isan important and actual problem of polymeric chemistry. Material is affected by programmable destruction under the influence of natural factors taking into account the biochemical processes in a plant. At the present time in literature there are no the data about polymeric materials which can operate plants biochemical processes when contacting to root system of directly in the soil. The authors developed compositions on the basis of synthetic polymer - low density polyethylene (LDPE) and biodegradable polymer - a polylactide (PLA). Thermophysical properties of ecofilms change under the influence of ultra-violet radiation. Photooxidation leads to cracking of samples with the raised maintenance of PLA. Temperature of melting of PLA decreases from 165 to 152 degrees Celsius (in some compositions to 137 degrees) and crystallinity degrees lower on average by 20 percent. Thus the most considerable decrease in crystallinity (about 30 percent) is noted in composition with a ratio of components of 50:50 mass percent. A composition formulation affects on the speed of destructive influence of moisture and an ultraviolet. The speed advantage of these processes is characteristic for the compositions containing from 30 to 60 mass percent of PLA. The soil samples with the maintenance of PLA more than 30 mass percent will be in less time exposed to biodegradation. Composition 50:50 has the greatest loss of weight equaled 18 percent. For other samples relative loss of weight makes 5-10 percent. The test for biodestruction showed considerable change of properties of polymeric samples of PLA- LDPE depending on mix composition. It means that it is possible to select such ratio of components at which material properties would conform to requirements imposed to agricultural appointment films.


ABSTRACT Heavy, large and robust supporting structures are needed to keep the airgap clearance of direct-drive multi-MW wind turbine electrical generators open and stable. As rotating pieces of machinery, generators vibrate when their natural frequencies are excited introducing potentially large amplitude oscillations due to the forces acting on them that could cause structural fatigue, noise and, in the worst-case scenario, their sudden collapse. A novel procedure for cost-effective and dynamically efficient structural design of a generator has been developed through a series of different finite element studies for a proposed 3MW machine with a conical rotor structure working under extreme conditions. Following a parametric approach coupled with the use of a topology optimisation tool it was demonstrated that the structural mass and dynamic response of the machine can be minimised, while complying with the deflection requirements.


In developing countries, mother-to-child (vertical) HIV transmission is responsible for 5-10% of all new HIV infections. Most children born to HIV-positive mothers are not HIV positive, but 25-35% are. Mothers can transmit HIV to their children during pregnancy, childbirth, and through breast-feeding. Mother-to-child HIV transmission in pregnancy and childbirth is also called perinatal transmission. Such HIV transmission can be reduced by reducing the risk of HIV infection in women and their partners by promoting safer sex, providing anti-HIV drugs to women before and during delivery, avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures, avoiding the risk of HIV transmission through breast milk whenever alternate infant feeding methods are available, and reducing the risk of HIV transmission through contaminated blood transfusions to women and their children. The provision of anti-HIV drugs and avoiding HIV transmission through breast milk are discussed.


Geomechanical analyses were made to determine the minimum gas pressure allowable based on an existing stress-based criterion (Damage Potential) and an advanced constitutive model (MDCF model) capable of quantifying the level of damage and healing in rock salt. The MDCF model is a constitutive model developed for the WIPP to provide a continuum description of the dislocation and damage deformation of salt. The purpose of this study was to determine if the MDCF model is applicable for evaluating the minimum gas pressure of CNG storage caverns. Specifically, it was to be determined if this model would predict that the minimum gas pressure in the caverns could be lowered without compromising the stability of the cavern. Additionally, the healing behavior of the salt was analyzed to determine if complete healing of the damaged rock zone would occur during the period the cavern was at maximum gas pressure. Significant findings of this study are reported.


Michael Porter's Three Generic Strategy model is one of the best known in strategic management. However in the Management Accounting – Business Strategy exam, few marks are awarded just for explaining such a model. Candidates must also be able to assess the quality of the model, suggest how it may be used and apply it to relevant cases. Strategic option generation forms an important part of the rational planning process. This process involves: * deciding the general direction of the organisation and the level of performance it must reach to satisfy stakeholders; * identifying the main threats and opportunities in its operating environment, in particular the factors affecting financial performance, and forecasts or scenarios for how these may develop; * an assessment of its strengths and weaknesses in relation to threats and opportunities; * an understanding of the contribution to earnings from its products and customer groups and how these may change. Porter's three strategic approaches to gaining competitive advantage are: * overall cost leadership – low cost relative to competitors; * differentiation – creating something that is perceived in the industry as unique; * focus – serving a narrow strategic target more effectively than rivals who are competing more broadly. This can be split into "cost focus" and "differentiation focus". Executing each strategy successfully involves different resources, strengths, organisational arrangements and managerial style. It is rare for all three to suit any one firm so managers should focus on just one strategy or risk dilution of their competitive advantage. This is, according to Porter, the only way that firms can outperform rivals and deliver satisfactory shareholder returns. Porter's strategic prescriptions stem from analysis of the impact of five competitive forces on a firm's profits. The forces Porter refers to include: * the threat of new entrants into an industry or market served by a specific company; * the bargaining power of suppliers; * the bargaining power of the consumer; * the threat of substitute products/services; *the intensity of rivalry among existing firms. He argues that a firm must adopt a strategy that combats these forces better than the strategy developed by its rivals if it is to deliver superior shareholder value. If the firm is successful in this, its improved profitability will come from a combination of two things – each year it will enjoy a higher margin than its rivals operating in the same market and, as the product lifecycle unfolds and prices start to fall during the mature stage, it will survive longer than its rivals. Combining the two means better long-term profitability and this, in turn, equates to superior shareholder value – in other words, higher present value of future financial returns than rival firms. Let's look at Porter's three strategies. Achieving the industry's lowest delivered cost to customer provides several competitive advantages. It reduces the impact of competition by allowing the firm to increase profit margins at the prevailing level of industry prices – it can also become the price leader because no other firm can undercut it. It also reduces the impact of buyer and supplier power by giving the firm a "cushion" of profits against cost increases and price cuts – buyer and supplier power could instead drive rivals from the industry. Differentiation is a perceived value for the buyer with several competitive advantages:


In this paper we propose a scheme that unconditional secure transmission is used to implement information reconciliation in key generation. Unconditional secure transmission achieved by associating MIMO beamforming with security code can be safe and reliable. Theoretically, the reconciliation and privacy amplification phase can take advantage of the unconditional communication security to reconciling the key discrepancy, which can simplify the key generation process. This key generation scheme, which implements information reconciliation via the unconditional communication Security achieved by associating MIMO beamforming with security code, is to solve the problem of passive eavesdropping, and we the reliability and security of the method are analyzed and verified.


Nowadays information is powerful, fast-acting, emerging and fast-moving factor of economic growth which can improve all economic spheres, provide as constructive so destructive effect on the human being and his behavior. The on-time information possession can make the country more competitive, therefore there is a necessity of information infrastructure formation to enlighten innovation processes implementation, to improve a quality of economic growth and to allow the national economy to be more sophisticated. In the article there is The article examines the historical development of information as non-material factor of economic growth which possesses as economic so social aspects. It is worth mentioning that information existed at all stages of society development but it becomes more vital economic resource only at the post industrial stage. It is concerned the information influence on individual behavior, on new information society starting up, on new class cognitariat appearance, on general science, technique, economy development. It is also raised the question about informational-communicational technologies which provide economy with synergetic effect. Because of some contradiction hidden in the information one can wear as demiurgic so destructible effect on the human being and his behavior. That is why amongst the considering problems the most urgent can be derived, notably the implementation of economic growth humanizing.


Silicon nanowires of diameter ∼200 nm and length of 2-4 µm are grown in the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique using nanoclustered Au catalyst assisted vapour-liquid-solid process. The crystallinity in the as-grown and annealed samples is studied using confocal Raman spectroscopic studies. Amorphous phase is formed in the as-grown samples. Structural studies using high resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the polycrystalline nature in the annealed sample.


Sir: Bupropion is an antidepressant originally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989 for the treatment of depression.1 Its unique mechanism of action among antidepressants is thought to be due to reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.2 In 1997, the FDA approved bupropion sustained release (SR) for the treatment of smoking cessation.3 Bupropion has been used to treat a number of conditions, and the following discussion will review those off-label uses.


In breeding objectives traits should be included according to their economic importance. Economic weights were estimated with a herd model for production traits and functional traits under the assumption of a quota for the sum of fat and protein yields. For Simmental the economic weights per genetic standard deviation were ATS 345.for fat yield, ATS 396.for protein yield, ATS 155.for daily gain, ATS 155.for dressing percentage, ATS 58.for EUROP carcass grading, ATS 306.for longevity, ATS 100.for conception rate, ATS 24.for calving ease, ATS 55.for stillbirth, ATS 40.for persistency and ATS 200.for mastitis resistance. All these traits were included in the aggregate genotype. For the construction of a model for the calculation of a total merit index, estimated breeding values were used as entries to a selection index procedure. The index weights (b-values) were estimated according the reliabilities of the estimated breeding values and were therefore different from animal to animal. The results indicated breeding in accordance to a total merit index will result in a monetary selection response more than 10 % higher than by use of an index without the functional traits.


Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), are associated with significant economic and psycho-social burden on sufferers. Objective: To compare the economic burden of disease management on adults with NCDs and control subjects in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Method: A total of 322 participants consisting of 165 adults with at least one of two NCDs - hypertension and diabetes mellitus- and 157 controls (without NCDs) were recruited by stratified random sampling method. The participants were evaluated for the economic burden and psycho-social implications of NCDs on them and on their households. Results: The presence of NCDs was associated with significantly higher psycho-social implication on the subjects including poorer patient-reported personal health assessment, higher frequency of hospital visits and longer average total hours of hospital visits compared to the controls. A significant proportion of subjects with NCDs depended on family supports for their hospital bills (32.7% vs. 7.6%). The total average monthly health expenditure among subjects with NCDs was significantly higher. Catastrophic health expenditure was found in 12.1% of subjects with NCDs who indicated their hospital bills were far higher than their total monthly wages. Conclusion: The management of NCDs is associated with significantly higher psycho-social and economic impact on affected individuals.  There is a need for appropriate health insurance scheme and health system financing programs to reduce economic and psycho-social burdens, minimise long-term complications and improve quality of life.


Intranet-private network of sharing information Reduces paper Ease in sharing information Access restricted EDI – electronic data interchange Used in ordering, invoicing and confirmation of product movement ECR-efficient consumer response Use of electronic point of sale (EPOS) units (scanners) CRMcustomer relationship management Amazon.comhistory of sales, suggestions Replacements.com listing of personal patternsemails on inventory available SFAsales force administration Monitoring visits, sales, training, promotions etc. Data warehouseskey aspect of a companies system PRIVACY Issues


Topical skin application of curcumin is challenging due to the low solubility and poor stability, including fast photodegradation, of this bioactive compound. Therefore, curcumin encapsulated alginate (CU-Al) nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method followed by freeze drying to determine the efficacy of alginate in facilitating curcumin release. Evaluation of the release of curcumin from the encapsulate in the presence of artificial sweat (pH 4.7) and skin (pH 5.5), about which the literature is meagre, was carried out after particle size characterization. CU-Al nanoparticles were in the nano-range (186.8 nm), assimilated a negative zeta-potential value (-15.4 ± 8.13 mV), and displayed a high encapsulation efficiency (94.55 ± 0.53%). The release of encapsulated curcumin at pH 5.5 (max. 64%) and at pH 4.7 (max. 27%) were significantly different. In pH 5.5 and pH 4.7, the release profiles of encapsulated curcumin fitted best with the Weibull (followed an anomalous transport mechanism) and Gompertz (followed a super case II transport mechanism) models respectively, displaying sigmoidal release patterns. Diffusion and polymer relaxation/swelling based release at pH 5.5 and rapid polymer relaxation/erosion based release at pH 4.7 have governed the encapsulated curcumin release. The results indicated that CU-Al nanoparticles may be utilized to facilitate controlled and prolonged release of curcumin in both skin and artificial sweat, thereby functioning as a promising novel delivery vehicle for curcumin. However, skin deposition or penetration may be required for yielding a satisfactory topical administration of curcumin during sweating.


This paper describes a low-voltage design for a pipelined ADC that can operate in a 2.0-Vpp full-swing input range at a 1.0-V supply. To enlarge the input range of an ADC and maintain the output range of its op-amps, we propose a new front-end 2b-MDAC with S/H that can reduce the output ranges of all MDACs by 50% compared to the ADC's input. We designed a 10-b pipelined ADC with the proposed front-end MDAC using a 90-nm CMOS process. The ADC achieved 2.0-Vpp rail-to-rail operation at only a 1-V supply and a 57.5-dB SNDR with only 3.4mW at 30MS/s despite using conventional folded-cascode op-amps.


Compton Cameras have been proposed as an alternative to SPECT imaging with Gamma Camera, mainly due to factors such as the electronic collimation, which allows a bigger field of view and provides further information from the acquired events if compared to devices with mechanical collimation. By contrast, this involves a higher amount of data to be processed. In medical devices this leads to waiting times that are generally higher than desirable by the health-care professionals. In this work we have assessed the reconstruction of Compton images by making use of iterative and non-iterative techniques, and also evaluated its performances as a SPECT imaging technique.


Concerned primarily with all possible infrastructure facilities across the countries of the world as well as Indian states over a period of time. This database also includes possible usual economic variables for India as a whole and the Indian state.


Microcosms consisting of estuarine sediment slurries were examined for their utility as models for assessing effects on microbial community structure and function. Data were obtained over a 2‐week period to evaluate the reproducibility between individual microcosms and the variability between microcosm slurries and fresh sediment cores. Sulfate reduction rates in microcosm slurries did not differ significantly from rates for freshly collected sediment cores (p ≥ 0.05). However, the measured rates were more variable in microcosm slurries (SE = ±0.03–0.25 nM/ml/h) than in freshly collected sediments (SE = ±0.01–0.12 nM/ml/h). Rates of dark CO, fixation in the microcosm slurries declined but were consistent with rates in freshly collected sediments (6.51 and 9.29 nM/ml/h on day 3, respectively). Relative abundances (RAs) of 16S rRNA determined for six specific phylogenetic assemblages of sulfate‐reducing bacteria were reproducible among three microcosm replicates with Desulfovibrio spp. consistently in greatest abundance (RA = 8.61 ± 1.40, day 7). Total direct bacterial counts were not significantly different between freshly collected sediments and microcosm slurries (p ≥ 0.05). The results indicated that microcosms were both reproducible and representative of the field, and could thus provide a potentially useful tool for studies of microbial community response to perturbation.