In Æ " Monica Germana' 's Scottish Women's Gothic and Fantastic Writing made a notable entrance to the otherwise underworked critical landscape of Scottish Gothic in the twenty-¢rst century. Five years later, a handful of signi¢cant articles aside, Timothy C. Baker's Modern Scottish Gothic further reinvigorates a critical ¢eld which once seemed weighed down by a number of important but reductive earlier critical conceptualisations. Baker, refreshingly, is not convinced of the e⁄cacy (or possibility) of de¢ning a contemporary Scottish Gothic, since the Gothic 'has no clear Scottish provenance, nor an uninterrupted Scottish genealogy' (p. " ). While familiar benchmarks such as Hogg and Stevenson crop up, they do so naturally and productively as Baker identi¢es a set of regularly recurring Gothic features in recent texts, arguing that 'Scottish Gothic can best be understood as a system of [. . .] intertextual and intratextual correspondences' (p. " ). Elements in this schema include found manuscripts and archives, haunting (as a correspondence between national and literary histories), islands and peripheries, the relation between humans and animals, and journeys north. The study is underpinned by the theme of mourning as 'a way to de¢ne the self and the nation in relation to both the past and the catastrophic present' (p. "æ). Mourning is a process characterised by narrative and linking the individual to history, community, and death. As such, 'Gothic, as arguably the literary form or tradition that most clearly imagines death as well as questioning that imagination, becomes a way of destabilising narratives of national or cultural progression' (p. Æ"). This focus persuasively ¢lls a critical gap which, as Baker points out, has been indicated by David Punter and others without sustained elaboration. While mourning is, paradoxically, a form of progress which inevitably brings the past with it ^ 'a space in which to approach loss and to construct new narratives in relation to fundamental absences' (p. " ) ^ Baker is concerned with the new, not only in terms of contemporary writing but in the necessity to move Gothic and national literary paradigms forward. For a work which decisively moves on from the tired notion of Scotland's supposedly schizophrenic national identity, it is surprising to see the ¢rst of the ¢ve chapters centred on Walter Scott. Thankfully, Baker's REVIEWS


In this paper the application of an improved separated-layers finite analytic method (FA method) is made in the three-dimensional body-fitted coordinate system of a ship hull, to solve numerically the complete Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. which are closed by the k-epsilon modelling. The Poisson equations for the grid transformation are also discreted by the FA method, and the moving boundary conditions, the arc-length transformations and linear interpolation techniques are used to control the grid density near the ship surface and within its region. In addition, under the unstaggered grids, a kink of SIMPLEM algorithm for coupling pressure and velocity is dealt with by the FA method. A Wigley parabolic hull and a LFM mathematical hull are used as examples. The former examines the validation for the calculation, the latter discusses the influences on the ship stern flow fields on changing the block coefficient Cb and the degree of UV of the afterbody section with the unchanged forebody.


A simple technique for study on curved liquid surface by means of optical method was developed.When a collimated-beam illuminates upon the symmetric meniscus surface in a vertical direction,the reflection pattern which contained a round dark area is observed experimentally,and the relationship between the size of the dark area and the illuminated area covered by the beam is found.While the diameter of the beam changed from small to large,the size of the dark area changes in the opposite direction.Based on the geometrical optical theory,the analytic expression of the curved liquid surface profile is derived.Compared with the Yong-Laplace equation,they are in good agreement.


Use of synthetic organic chemical pesticides introduced after World War II has resulted in a number of health, environmental, and socioeconomic problems discussed here. Both developed and developing countries have been affected. The problems in the developing countries of the tropics came about largely because of an error in transfer of technology. Pesticide technology developed by and for use in the developed countries was exported to countries with cultures and social structures that were not prepared to absorb this technology. Integrated pest management (IPM), an approach that reduces pest damage to tolerable levels through a variety of techniques, including natural enemies, genetically resistant crops, environmental modifications, and, when necessary and appropriate, chemical pesticides, represents an important trend toward rational management of crop pests in the developing countries. However, simply exporting IPM 'packages' from developed to developing countries would also be an error in transfer of technology. Each situation must be evaluated individually under actual farming conditions, and the IPM program must be tailored for the particular group of intended beneficiaries. Some of the interrelated social, attitudinal and institutional factors that should be evaluated are discussed.


Abstract. The purpose of the article is to propose methodology for analyzing financial monitoring data that takes into account the need to process large volumes of heterogeneous data, the latency of the sought characteristics, and also satisfies the criterion for the time and resource indicators of the data processing process. It is necessary to move from sequential expert inspections of the objects to parallel massive automated inspections, taking into account modern methodological and instrumental capabilities in the context of the digital transformation of public administration. The lack of a methodology for data analysis in the field of financial monitoring prevents the widespread introduction of automation of the processes of assessing the situation and making decisions at different hierarchical levels of the public administration contour, the formation of integral assessments of business entities, which determines the timeliness and importance of this study. The problem of optimizing the choice of business entities according to the information of financial monitoring to determine the priority of verification is posed in meaningful terms and mathematically. The article provides an illustration of the proposed methodology using the example of data on business entities. Using the method of the main components of factor analysis, an integral indicator of the deviant component of the activity of an economic entity was found. The obtained estimates are verified using the pattern recognition theory and their internal convergence is confirmed. On the basis of the obtained measures of deviant activity of economic entities, a map of the propensity to legalize money in the regions has been synthesized. The practical value of this approach lies in the fact that, based on the ranking of the regions according to their susceptibility to money laundering, recommendations can be developed to improve the current practice of conducting financial investigations and to efficiently redistribute resources.


We first develop theories of differential rings of quasi-Siegel modular and quasi-Siegel Jacobi forms for genus two. Then we apply them to the Eynard-Orantin topological recursion of certain local Calabi-Yau threefolds equipped with branes, whose mirror curves are genus two hyperelliptic curves. By the proof of the Remodeling Conjecture, we prove that the corresponding open- and closed- Gromov-Witten potentials are essentially quasi-Siegel Jacobi and quasi-Siegel modular forms for genus two, respectively.


The article is dedicated to the subject of the parliamentary faction in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The author describes the form of organization of members of the Ukrainian parliament, the history of the regulation, the political goals of the amendments and the parliamentary practice. The article tries to point a regulation which mark the Ukraine out in the other states: such as constitutional level of the provisions alongside parliaments' internal rules of procedure, criterion for formation of associations of members of parliaments, the principle of autonomy, the essence of party discipline and a specific solution intended to reduce the problem of members of fractions leaving them during the term of the parliament.


Highly correlated brain dynamics produces synchronized states with no behavioral value, while weakly correlated dynamics prevents information /ow. We discuss the idea put forward by Per Bak that the workin g brainstays at anin termediate (critical) regime characterized by power-law correlations.


In the last few decades, natural composite materials have been considered one of the highly sustainable ecological alternatives for reducing the consumption of synthetic materials. Today, research on natural fiber composites is the main thrust for their use in various industrial applications. Further, continuous research works are being carried out to utilize natural composites as an alternative to synthetic materials. However, the inhomogeneity of composites, delamination, fiber pullout, higher surface roughness (SR) and dimensional inaccuracy under traditional machining have led the attention towards non-traditional machining, such as abrasive water jet machining, to achieve high-quality components. Hence, in this study, an experimental analysis based on the design of experiments is conducted on the machinability of a hybrid rice straw/Furcraea foetida composite under abrasive water jet machining (AWJM). Further, the concentration of the rice straw and the AWJ process parameters are varied, and their effects on the quality of machining is evaluated. The experimental trials are designed based on the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array, followed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). From extensive experimentations, the concentration of rice straw is observed to be the most contributing (93.5%) factor to the SR. The traverse speed (TS) shows the highest percentage contributions of 93.13%, 55.50 and 55.70% to the material removal rate (MRR) and the top (TKW) and bottom kerf widths (BKW), respectively. However, the interaction between the fiber concentration and traverse speed gives the maximum contribution (35.04%) to the kerf taper (KT). A second-order response surface model is generated to study the effects of the process parameters on the SR, MRR, TKW, BKW and KT in any experimental domain. Finally, the microstructural characteristics of the machined surfaces, such as micro-cracks, debonding, and fiber pullout, are discussed.


In Africa, sometimes we number our gain and try to ignore our loss not because they cannot be numbered but because in African thought, numbering is not just a question of signs but strictly, it is a question of things. We also number our dept because they are things although belonging to other people. From origin, man has always had a sense of numbering. The ancient Chinese, Indians numbered by group difference; the Persians numbered by group identity. The Greeks and the Romans developed a numeric system of individual identity and worked out the symbols I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X as their numerals. It was the Arabians who gave the world a much more flexible symbol of individual identity; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.


In order to calculate the reliability of large scale civil structure without explicit performance functions,a method combineding neural network with particle swarm optimization to analyze structure reliability is proposed in this paper.The structure mechanical analysis is carried out by ANSYS.The highly nonlinear mapping performance function is simulated by BP neural network.The penalty function and the particle swarm optimization are applied to evaluate the reliability index.A program based on the proposed method is developed by integrating Visual C++6.0,standard APDL(Ansys Parametric Design Language) and mixed-language in MATLAB.Numerical examples show that the method can be used to evaluate the reliability of complex structure with implicit performance function.


Botnets have become one of top threats to the Internet. Many detection methods have been developed to distinguish botnet behaviors from normal human behaviors. Future botnets, however, may incorporate the characteristics of human beings and weaken the existing detection techniques. In this work, we study an intelligent botnet, called the delay-tolerant botnet, that intentionally adds random delays to the command propagation and endeavors to avoid the detection. We then apply mathematical analysis to derive the average delay required to distribute a command to all bots in three types of command and control architectures: centralized, distributed, and hybrid delay-tolerant botnets. We find that in all cases, the delay increases approximately logarithmically with the number of bots, indicating that the delay-tolerant botnets are scalable. Finally, we verify the analytical results by simulations.


This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the mathematics learning model to stimulate critical thinking on student mathematics learning outcomes compared to the direct learning model in class XII science students of senior high school in Pacitan. The type of research is quasi-experimental, with a population of all students of class XII IPA of SMA N 2 Pacitan. The sample consists of 28 students of class XII IPA-1 as an experimental class and class XII of IPA-2 of 28 students as a control class. The sampling technique was purposive random sampling. Data collection techniques using the test. The test is a student's initial ability test and a student's mathematics learning outcomes test. The analysis technique of the data used in this study is the t-test, while the analysis of prerequisite tests includes tests of normality and homogeneity tests. The results showed that mathematics learning using the mathematics learning model to stimulate critical thinking was more effectively applied in learning compared to the direct learning model of the mathematics learning outcomes of high school students in terms of the results of the t-test analysis and the average test scores of learning outcomes.


Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil and Museu de Biologia Prof Mello Leit6o, Brazil and ANTHONY B. RYLANDS Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil and Conservation International do Brasil ABSTRACT. We report on the diet and feeding behaviour of a group of Geoffroy's marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi) in an Atlantic forest fragment in south-eastern Brazil, studied during the period February 1993 to January 1994. Major food categories were gums (68.6 %), fruits (15%), and small animal prey (inverte- brates 14.6% and vertebrates 0.8%). Dietary changes were observed between the wet and dry seasons, although they were not statistically significant. Insects and gums were consumed throughout the year but fruits were more prevalent in the diet in the wet season. Plant species exploited for their gums included lnga stipularis, followed by Acacia paniculata, Paulinia carpopodia, and Bauhinia angulosa. Chemical analysis of the gum of the four species most used all presented high values for carbohydrates and crude proteins. Fruits of an unidentified species of Myrtaceae (sp. 2) were consumed the most. Animal prey con- sisted mainly of insects, arachnids, snails, and in three cases, lizards and frogs, with orthopterans being the most prevalent insect prey. This study demonstrates that C. geoffroyi efficiently exploits resources typi- cally available in secondary and disturbed forest habitat. The main threat to the species is forest destruc- tion, degradation, and fragmentation, but the management of small forest fragments may be an effective conservation strategy. Key Words: Callithrix geoffroyi; Geoffroy's marmoset; Diet; Feeding ecology; Atlantic forest. INTRODUCTION Callitrichid diets include principally fruits, gums, and insects and small vertebrates, and occa- sionally or seasonally, nectar and fungi (GARBER, 1980, 1984; RYLANDS, 1982; SUSSMAN & KINZEY, 1984; FERRARI, 1988; SNOWDON t~ SOINI, 1988; STEVENSON • RYLANDS, 1988; PERES, 1993; RYLANDS t~Z


Ph(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-based diphasic ceramic meeting X7R temperature stable dielectric require was prepared by PbTIO3 particle coating method. Morphologies of uncoated and coated particles were observed by TEM. The results showed that PT was coated on the surface of particles. The solution reaction between two phases could be supressed by PT coating. The temperature dependence of capacitance can be improved with composite structure. The function of PT coating was analized.


PET can be useful to the surgical oncologist in diagnosing tumors (particularly solitary pulmonary nodules), grading tumors (assessing baseline standardized uptake values and tumor metabolism), guiding biopsies of highly active tumor regions, staging tumors, monitoring treatment, and determining prognosis. PET may be an independent staging tool or be used for surveillance and in recurrence or restaging. PET has been clinically available for a relatively short time. We certainly will gain more knowledge regarding its appropriate role in the surgical management of oncologic patients as more experience is gained in a wide variety of tumor types.


Implantation or implantation failure are influenced by different factors. One of the well known anatomic factors involved is the uterine cavity. Outpatient mini-hysteroscopy allows fast and direct evaluation of the uterine cavity without anaesthesia. It has long been recommended but has not always been accepted that a basic hysteroscopy should be performed in patients before carrying out assisted reproductive techniques. Transvaginal sonography should be performed at the same time but can not replace hysteroscopy. Available literature and own results are discussed. In summary, we recommend outpatient mini-hysteroscopy as a screening method before starting assisted reproductive techniques to exclude intrauterine pathologies. This concept needs to be evaluated in further studies.


In this paper, we prove Lipschitz stability results for inverse source problems relative to parabolic equations. We use the method introduced by Imanuvilov and Yamamoto in 1998 based on Carleman estimates. What is new here is that we study a class of one-dimensional degenerate parabolic equations. In our model, the diffusion coefficient vanishes at one extreme point of the domain. Instead of the classical Carleman estimates obtained by Fursikov and Imanuvilov for non degenerate equations, we use and extend some recent Carleman estimates for degenerate equations obtained by Cannarsa, Martinez and Vancostenoble. Finally, we obtain Lipschitz stability results in inverse source problems for our class of degenerate parabolic equations both in the case of a boundary observation and in the case of a locally distributed observation.


The paper reports the sidewall-related narrow channel effect in mesa-isolated fully-depleted ultra-thin SOI NMOS devices. Based on the study, contrary to bulk NMOS devices, for a channel width shrinking from 1 /spl mu/m to 0.2 /spl mu/m, the threshold voltage of mesa-isolated ultra-thin SOI NMOS devices with a 1000 /spl Aring/ thin film doped with 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, decreases by 0.145 V for a front gate oxide of 100 /spl Aring/ and a sidewall oxide of 150 /spl Aring/ as a result of the sidewall edge effect.<<ETX>>


Current literature on the effect of postoperative complications on survival outcomes in head and neck cancers remains contradictory. This study assesses whether postoperative complications adversely affect survival in cases of complex surgical ablation and reconstruction of oral squamous cell carcinoma.


The 1,728 base pair coding region of the ILV1 gene and the adjacent 777 base pair upstream and 261 base pair downstream regions were sequenced. The size of the polypeptide deduced from the coding region is larger than previously determined values for the molecular weight of threonine deaminase, suggesting that a peptide with a molecular weight of about 15,000 is cleaved offin connection with the intracellular processing of the enzyme. In front of the gene are found three copies of the element TGACT characteristic for genes under general amino acid control. Two of the copies are present in an orientation which is reversed to that found in front of other genes. Sites which potentially can bind strongly to the Y-end of yeast 18 S ribosomal RNA are present at positions -5 and -24 from the start of the coding region. An open reading frame of 31 codons is found in front of the gene. Its translalion initiator codon is located at the center ofa 15 ) base pair imperfect tandem inverted repeal which in a single-stranded nucleic acid wou}d fold into a stem structure with a AG of about -33 kcalmole ~. The biological significance of this arrangement is unknown.


DOCUMENT RESUME Lachat, Mary Ann Standards, Equity and Northeast and Islands Univ., Providence, RI. Office of Educational Washington, DC. 1999-00-00 54p. RJ96006401 For full text: http://www.lab.brown.edu/public/pubs/standards/StEqDiv.pdf. Reports Descriptive (141) MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. *Cultural Differences; *Diversity (Student); Educational Improvement; Elementary Secondary Education; *Equal Education; *Limited English Speaking; *Standards; Teaching Methods UD 033 801 Cultural Diversity. Regional Educational Lab. at Brown Research and Improvement (ED), This document addresses frequently asked questions and issues and promotes greater understanding by administrators, teachers, and parents of the potential benefits of education standards for the rapidly increasing population of students whose first language is not English. The standards movement challenges educators and the public to understand that high standards are as important in education as they are in other professions. Standards define what is essential for successful performance and encourage people to strive for the best. Setting high standards for all students means that the quality of education offered the best and the brightest should be the quality of education available to all. However, varied and innovative instructional strategies will be essential to enable students with diverse needs and varying levels of English proficiency to learn at high levels. To effect these strategies, the United States will need highly skilled teachers who can offer a range of learning opportunities that connect to different learning styles, some of which may be culturally based, and also provide the necessary accommodations and supports that enhance student learning. Initial test scores are an important foundation for identifying where current curriculum and practices do not promote high standards of learning for all students, and where curriculum improvement and staff development are necessary if equity in learning is to be achieved. Three appendixes contain tools to assist educators in implementing policy, practice, and professional development: a discussion of professional development to support standards, a discussion of assessment that supports standards based learning, and guidelines for determining the appropriateness of performance assessments for students from diverse backgrounds. (Contains 3 figures and 43 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Standards, Equity and Cultural Diversity ...) W.) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ,.-. ....1 Office of Educational Research and Improvement = 8: EDj1CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION 7.. CENTER (ERIC) Z < This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Mary Ann Lachat


As a result of relatively weak regulation, firearm use leads to massive negative externalities. Efforts to minimize these social costs via legislation have been unsuccessful, which have led individuals and government entities to seek regulation through another avenue: litigation. This use of the courts as a regulatory gap-filler raises vital questions, among which perhaps the most vital is whether courts are effective at performing this role. This Article seeks to answer that question by comparing the courts as an institution with other institutions, such as markets, legislatures, and administrative agencies. I consider a number of factors that can be used to measure institutional effectiveness, and argue that courts are the optimal (albeit imperfect) institution for dealing with firearm-related externalities. I then consider a number of remedies that could be used to address the firearm-related externalities, concluding that damage awards are appropriate to remedy these social costs, while at the same time creating market-based incentives to reduce future externalities.


The synthetic prostaglandin SC‐46275, an omega‐chain cyclopentenyl analogue of enisoprost, has been studied in the rat to determine its suitability for development as an anticulcer agent. In the pylorus ligated (Shay) model, SC‐46275 exhibited more potent antisecretory activity when administered intragastrically than when administered intraduodenally, the minimal effective doses (M.E.D.) being, respectively, 10 and 100 μg/kg. Intragastric administration of SC‐46275 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the number (M.E.D. 2.5 μg/kg) and length (M.E.D. 5 μg/kg) of ethanol‐induced gastric lesions. It was also active intragastrically (M.E.D. 0.3 μg/kg) against indomethacin‐induced intestinal damage. Interestingly, SC‐46275 had no effect on the incidence of indomethacin‐induced intestinal damage when given intragastrically and significantly reduced the severity of damage only at the highest dose tested, 300 μg/kg. SC‐46275, was less diarrheagenic than misoprostol when given intraduodenally; it was even less diarrheagenic when given intragastrically, being virtually devoid of diarrheagenic activity at a dose 300 times greater than the antisecretory dose. These data indicate that SC‐46275, a potent, possibly locally active gastric antisecretory, mucosal‐protective prostaglandin possessing minimal diarrheagenic activity, may be useful in the treatment of gastric/duodenal ulcer disease.


The diffusion‐induced stresses in a long bar of square cross section have been investigated. Two mass transfers consisting of constant average concentration and constant surface concentration were considered. The concentration distribution was obtained in an analytic form. The displacement and stress fields were obtained numerically using a Jacobi iterative method. The maximum stress is located at the corner for constant average concentration and at the midedge for constant surface concentration. A comparison of stresses built up in the bar of a square cross section and in a thin slab was made.


Gabriella Giannachi, Virtual Theatres: An Introduction (London & New York: Routledge, 2004) In 2003 at the Performance Studies International conference, news was just to hand that the US Federal government had seized property and subpoenaed Steve Kurtz, one of the members of the Critical Arts Ensemble. After the sudden death of his wife, Kurtz's work as a bioartist had come under scrutiny and was regarded as a threat to government and corporate interests. His art practice mimics, experiments with and comments upon the manipulation of biogenctic materials that has become part of the privatised and corporatised sphere of scientific research. This case, in its extreme legal and political form, exemplifies the thesis of Gabriella Giannachi's succinct study of Virtual Theatres that the virtual inflects the real, and is intextricably close to the real, even being mistaken for the real. But the virtual also transforms and intensifies the effects of the real, so that it enables the viewer to see from within how the production of the real is taking place. This intimacy of the virtual with the real raises, as she points out, ethical and political questions but it also does so in the realm of art, through a remaking of aesthetic possibilities. In the introduction Giannachi establishes some key characteristics of the virtual, as they have been theorised during the last thirty years or more. Her central claim is that the virtual is a form of remediation, it is both 'about media' and an extension of mediated forms and functions by being ontologically intermedial and metamedial. While more conventional theatrical frames and realities position the viewer outside the production of illusion, the virtual requires the viewer to enter the simulated reality space, to become immersed in the production of both its meaning and form. In this sense, it is always a performance, subject to both disappearance (as Phelan defines the performative) and to its appearance (its repetitive production as a beginning for new events or interactions). The viewer as participant may interact with a screen, through a series of relatively limited modes of connection, or other machinic extensions that serve as prosthetics of the human body and, in reverse, the human becomes a prosthetics of the machine, a source of data or simulated movement. The ways in which the extended body becomes merged with the interface of the virtual provides the site of play for many of the works discussed. Once the performer-viewer is hooked up or inside the virtual, then they find themselves in newly fashioned environments through the telepresence of the internet or live-streaming, or in a virtual space in which simulated avatars and simulated environments interact. In the remediated world of virtual reality, according to Giannachi, there is a merging of the information society, the world that receives and processes messages from new technologies, and the world of flesh and blood, that is what remains of organic reality. Virtual theatres render visible the differences between the virtual and the real without asserting however, unless you believe Baudrillard literally, that one has replaced the other. But they cannot be separated since the real is already itself recreated and remediated by the virtual. For the relative initiate to this field, Virtual Theatres provides invaluable definitions for the new and essential lexicon of MUDS and MOOs, holopoelry, genart, telematics, knowbotics, QTVR, cyberpunk etc. etc. Moreover each chapter provides a detailed discussion of the layers through which virtual theatre might be approached: hypertextualities, cyborg theatre, the (re)crealion of nature, performing through the hypersurfacc and the aesthetic domain of VR. Key theorists, such as Baudillard, Virilio, Hayles, Haraway, Benedict, Cavallaro, Deleuze, are stitched into the discussion at the beginning of each chapter without making them the focus. In this field there is however a fascinating symbiosis between those that produce theory and those that write about their own work, in much of the literature the artist leads the theorist and produces the discourse. …


The main reasons for the success of using chaos maps in meta-heuristic algorithms are fast optimization of non-linear and non-convex problems. One of these cases is the control of the natural frequencies of structures to prevent the destructive and dangerous phenomenon of resonance. Natural frequencies have useful information about the dynamic behavior of structures, and by applying dynamic constraints, a significant improvement is achieved in the optimal design of structural weight. Applying frequency limits with traditional and gradient-based methods is very difficult and time-consuming, and in most cases, the calculation process stops at local optima. Recent research shows that chaos maps play a major role in escaping from local optima and reaching global optima. By combining these maps with meta- heuristic algorithms, while avoiding premature convergence, the access to global optima is accelerated and improved, and the ideal state of balance between the exploration and exploitation stages is realized. Today, chaotic algorithms are widely accepted by researchers and are considered as a challenging topic. In a recent research, six chaotic meta- heuristic algorithms have been investigated for the formation and improvement of results with the optimal design of truss structures. In this part the chaotic algorithms include Chaotic Water Evaporation Optimization (CWEO), Chaotic Tug-of-War Optimization (CTWO) and Chaotic Thermal Exchange Optimization (CTEO) are examined.


Response:

As pointed out by Dr Hnid, men were significantly more frequently smokers/past smokers as compared with women. As mentioned in the statistic section,1 the multivariate models with the memory score as the dependent variable tested the association with tobacco use, which was not found significant either in the whole study population or in men only. In the discussion, we also reported that "male gender …


The anatase phase has a far higher photocatalytic activity than the rutile phase.Al doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a chemical solution decomposition method and treated with concentrated nitric acid.The samples were characterized by TG-DTA,XRD,FTIR,BET and UV-Vis,and the effects of acid treatment on the photocatalytic activities of the Al doped TiO2 samples were analyzed by degradation of methyl orange.The results suggested that Al-doping could effectively inhibit the phase transformation from anatase to rutile.The specific surface area and photocatalytic activity of Al doped TiO2 were increased by acid treatment.The Al doped TiO2(Al∶ Ti=1∶ 4) by acid treatment delivered the highest photo-catalytic activity,and the degradation ratio of methyl orange was 100% after 60 min.


Two formulations of triallate [S-(2, 3, 3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 12 field experiments conducted between 1967 and 1978. Control of wild oat was greater with fall applications of triallate granules than liquid or with spring applications of either liquid or granules. Further-more, 1.1 kg/ha of triallate granules applied in the fall controlled wild oat as well as did 1.7 kg/ha of liquid triallate applied in the fall. Wild oat control with triallate was usually better when soil incorporated than when surface applied regardless of formulation or time of application. Triallate granules controlled wild oat similarly on either plowed ground or wheat stubble; whereas, liquid triallate controlled wild oat better on plowed ground than wheat stubble. A delay of 8 h in triallate incorporation did not reduce wild oat control with either formulation; however, a delay of 24 h reduced wild oat control with the liquid formulation.


The thermochemical state of a single-phase reacting system is ns + 1 dimensional. However, it is widely recognized that low-dimensional manifolds exist in this space. The question then arises as to the best way to approximate these manifolds. Common chemistry reduction approaches for combustion simulation (such as laminar flamelet, equilibrium, and flame-sheet (Burke-Schuman) chemistry) specify a priori the manifold dimensionality and the parameters that form the basis for representing the thermochemical state, which is then prescribed as a unique function of these parameters. If high-fidelity data are available from experiment or DNS, manifolds may be determined via a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with the principal components (PCs) forming a new basis for describing the thermochemical state. By considering a truncated set of PCs, one may approximate the thermochemical state with rigorous error bounds, and extract a parameterized representation of the thermochemical state, together with transport equations for the principal components. This paper outlines a methodology for constructing a model for the thermochemical state from DNS data which can be used in a full-scale simulation, with particular focus on the ability to parameterize source terms appearing in the transport equations for the principal components.


s n Not relevant n= 242 Articles not included Review articles/commentaries n= 107 Animal studies n= 23 Human epi included in Genetic association studies n= 408 Summarized in text Studies of Vitamin D Level in existing Autoimmune Disease n= 76 Table 1 Studies of Vitamin D Supplementation in existing Autoimmune Disease n= 19 Table 2 Studies of biomarkers of inflammation n= 8 Summarized in text Figure 1 Flow diagram of literature search strategy and r prue and pernicious anemia, there are no current means or the prevention or cure of most autoimmune diseases. reatment of autoimmunity often consists of corticosteoids, immunosuppressive agents, and biologic agents hat target TNF and other inflammatory cytokines. The 005 National Institutes of Health report estimated that he annual direct and indirect costs of autoimmune disases in the U.S. far exceed $100 billion annually (11). Vitamin D, obtained from diet, supplements, or conersion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin by ultravioet-B radiation, is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hyroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the major circulating itamin D metabolite (16,17), which is further syntheized by 1 -hydroxylase to the active form, 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. Current dietary recommendations are geared only to prevent quite low vitamin D levels. Circulating 1,25(OH)2D has a very short half-


Paper that analyses the trickster and Internet trolls. It seeks to answer the question if the collective identity of the trolls can be considered as a contemporary trickster. In the introduction this article presents the motivations of both and analyses the importance of anonymity and collective identity in online trolling. Using the heuristic guide of the trickster of William J. Hynes, this paper compares the characteristics of the trickster (Ambiguous and anomalous, deceiver/trick-player, shapeshifter, situation-invertor, messenger/imitator of the gods and sacred/lewd bricoleur) with examples of collaborative practices of 4chan's community. It describes interventions such as Habbo Hotel's raid, moot winning the award as Time's magazine "Most Influential Person in the World" or the trolling action to Tay, the artificial intelligence chatbot of Microsoft. This research concludes affirming that due to the indefinable nature of the trickster is difficult to confirm that the collective identity of the
trolls can be considered as a new contemporary trickster. However, there are some characteristics that match with the trolls behaviour, therefore, sometimes the trolls act as such.


Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in crude coconut and petroleum oils from Nigeria is reported. Using head-space gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and mass spectrometer, 8 VOCs were found in crude coconut oil and 29 VOCs were identified in crude petroleum oil. Crude coconut oil contained two aromatic, two nitrogenated, and four oxygenated compounds. Alkane, alkene, alkyne, halogenated, and sulfur compounds were absent in crude coconut oil but not in crude petroleum oil. The same observation held true for naphthalene. Conversely, benzofuran was absent in crude petroleum oil but was present in crude coconut oil at a concentration of 1.38 part-per-billion (ppb). The most concentrated VOC in crude coconut oil was dodecanoic acid at 9.98 ppb and that of crude petroleum oil was toluene at 12.61 ppb. Total VOC concentrations in crude coconut and petroleum oils are 20.49 and 87.46 ppb, respectively. These results are helpful in characterizing the chemical signature of Nigerian crude coconut oil for potential forensics use or in biofuel research.


In the construction of high-rise buildings, form work is the largest single cost component of a concrete structural frame and the critical trade when it comes to setting construction speed. A shortage of skill workers and increased labour costs also increases the demand for new form work systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a new unit table form system that enables concrete structural frame work to be executed in safe condition, while still providing significant savings in the overall project schedule and cost. The results of being applied proposed unit table form to high-rise residential building construction are as follows; (1) The cycle time of form work system was 4 days at a typical floor of high-rise building. (2) The labour cost of form work was reduced by 20%, and (3) The safety of concrete structural frame works was improved.


Today mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and its derivatives such as vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), wireless sensor network (WSN), are more interesting subject for researchers, seen particularly from the appearance of the paradigm of smart cities, smart homes, and Internet of Things (IoT). In addition to this widespread use, several vulnerabilities and attacks appear like for instance black hole attack and data flooding attack. Nevertheless, the limitations of hardware generally used in MANETs make many views the tasks of detection and countermeasure of attacks. In this paper, using the technology of deep neural network (DNN) deep learning, we try to propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) for the subclass of the big class DDoS: Data flooding attack, with using the dataset CICDDoS2019. Our obtained results show that the proposed architecture model can achieve very interesting performance (Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-score).


Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialised world, and places a heavy burden on society in terms of personal disability and health care costs. The first signs of CHD often present acutely as a myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack. Survivors of a heart attack remain vulnerable to poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), further cardiac events, and increased morbidity due to a progression of CHD. Thus, the implementation of interventions to reduce these risks is an important public health strategy. To date, secondary prevention and rehabilitation efforts post-AMI focus primarily on the patient. However, it is argued that recovery from AMI occurs within a social context, and that risk reduction strategies are likely to be enhanced if interventions take into account the impact of the event on the quality of life of patients and their partners. Evidence from a review of couple relationship literature indicates that a significant proportion of couples experiences poor HRQOL (i.e., physical and emotional wellbeing) when coping with stressful life events, and that interactive aspects of a couple relationship (i.e., dyadic functioning and behaviour) are associated with individual well-being at such a time. Information from studies of couples dealing with recovery from heart attack is sparse, but tends to reflect the findings from the broader literature. Further research is required with post-AMI couples, though, as there are a number of shortcomings associated with the existing evidence. For instance, it is derived from studies conducted with, mostly small, samples of convenience; many different instruments are used to collect the data; and no studies specifically measure HRQOL. Analytically, most evidence is obtained with univariate and bivariate statistics, and data are analysed as groups of patients or partners, as opposed to dyads. Where multivariable analyses are undertaken a number of bivariate relationships are no longer significant after accounting for covariates such as age and gender; and few researchers investigate predictive associations between dyadic functioning/behaviour and HRQOL outcomes. Finally, there is a paucity of information from comparative analyses. Thus, it is not known whether the well-being of post-AMI couples over time is better than, similar to, or worse than, for example, that in the general population. The research program underpinning this thesis, the QUT-AMI Project, comprised two studies designed to address these methodological issues. The first was an observational, cross-sectional, pilot study conducted in 1998 with 26 post-AMI couples. The main investigation was a prospective cohort study of 93 post-AMI couples undertaken in 1999-2000. In both studies the samples comprised a consecutive series of adult males younger than 75 years who had experienced a first AMI, and their female partners. The average couple in both studies was middle-aged, had been married for many years, and both members of the dyad were working at the time of the heart attack. Prospective participants were identified in major clinical centres that admit cardiac patients, and couples were recruited to the project soon after the patient's heart attack. Clinical data were collected in hospital. Further data were collected with self-administered questionnaires during a home visit at 1 month (pilot and main study), and by mailed questionnaire or during a home visit at 6 months(main study) after the heart attack. The pilot study was undertaken to test recruitment and data collection procedures in preparation for the second (main) study, measure couples' HRQOL at 1 month after the event using the SF-36, and qualitatively investigate life issues for couples coping with recovery from AMI. In the main study couples' HRQOL outcomes were measured at 1 and 6 months post-AMI using the SF-36, and examined for changes over that time. The outcomes were also compared with those from matched population norms to estimate the impact of a heart attack on couples' HRQOL during the early and later recovery period. Additionally, the following relationships were investigated to determine the extent to which:* patients' dyadic functioning (e.g. happiness/satisfaction with relationship, measured with the Marital Adjustment Scale) and use of dyadic behaviour (e.g., hiding concerns and negative feelings from the other member of the dyad, measured with the Protective Buffering Scale) at 1 month predicted patients' emotional well-being at 6 months post-AMI;* partners' dyadic functioning and behaviour at 1 month predicted partners' emotional well-being at 6 months post-AMI;* patients' and partners' dyadic functioning at 1 month predicted patients' or partners' emotional well-being at 6 months post-AMI; and* patients' and partners' dyadic behaviour at 1 month predicted patients' or partners' emotional well-being at 6 months post-AMI. Exploratory analyses were also undertaken to determine the effect of dyadic discrepancies in functioning and behaviour, at 1 month after the heart attack, on patients' and partners' emotional well-being at 6 months after the event. Important findings were as follows:* At 1 month after an AMI the HRQOL of couples is impaired. The major impact is on physical well-being for patients, and emotional well-being for their partners.* In general, couples' HRQOL improves between 1 and 6 months after an AMI.* At 6 months after an AMI, the HRQOL of average couples is similar to that of their peers in the normal population.* There are subgroup variations in the quality of life of post-AMI couples, and these are associated with age, clinically poor physical health, and depression.* The combination of patients' and partners' use of dyadic behaviour at 1 month after an AMI explains 7% of the variation in patients' emotional well-being at 6months after the event, after adjustment for patients' concurrent physical wellbeing and prior levels of emotional well-being, as well as duration of couple relationships.* The combination of partners' perceptions of dyadic functioning and use of dyadic behaviour at 1 month after an AMI explains 5% of the variation in partners' emotional well-being at 6 months after the event, after adjustment for partners' concurrent physical well-being and prior levels of emotional well-being, as well as duration of couples' relationships.* Patients have poorer emotional well-being at 6 months after an AMI if partners use dyadic behaviour infrequently at 1 month after the event.* Partners have poorer emotional well-being at 6 months after an AMI if they are not satisfied/unhappy with the functioning of their relationships at 1 month after the event. Adjusted exploratory analyses, undertaken to determine the extent to which dyadic discrepancies in perceptions of functioning or use of protective buffering behaviour, predict emotional well-being, show that patients who are less satisfied/unhappier with functioning than their partners at 1 month after an AMI have poor emotional wellbeing at 6 months after the event; patients who use the behaviour more frequently than their partners at 1 month after an AMI have poor emotional well-being at 6months after the event; and partners who are less satisfied/unhappier with functioning than their patients at 1 month after an AMI have poor emotional well-being at 6months after the event. The evidence from the QUT-AMI Project supports the proposition that the interaction that occurs within a couple relationship, combined with individual characteristics of members of a dyad, influences the extent to which a heart attack impacts on couples' HRQOL. It is argued that it is not enough to merely focus on implementing secondary prevention strategies with post-AMI patients. Given that poor emotional well-being is known to predict adverse cardiac events, and premature mortality due to cardiac disease, it is recommended that a couple-focused intervention designed to meet specific needs should be implemented with at-risk couples as a public health strategy to improve not only the patients' quality of life but also that of his partner. Further research is recommended to determine the extent to which such an intervention improves post-AMI couples' quality of life.


The present volume arises directly from the international symposium held in Prague in October 1959 under the joint auspices of the International Union of Preand Protohistoric Sciences and of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences to consider the Eneolithic or final Neolithic phases of European prehistory. The symposium was attended by eighteen participants from Czechoslovakia, the hostcountry, and by twenty-seven specialists from fifteen other countries. Although for various reasons no representatives of certain states (e.g. Austria, Eire, Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal) attended, the symposium provided a useful opportunity for international scholarly dialogue across political frontiers which have no meaning in the ampler context of prehistory. The volume itself, in the joint-editing of which, as in the organization of the symposium, Professor Bohm, performed what proved to be one of his last services to international scholarship, includes a certain number of contributions additional to those offered to the Symposium: even so its predominant emphasis lies on central and southeastern Europe; Southern Europe from Italy to the Aegean is omitted; and the extreme west underrepresented. Contributions have been printed in English, French or German, though the two Russian ones have appeared in the native language as well as in French. The bunch of plates is acceptable, if not sufficiently complete, but no index is provided—a serious lack; and students would have found a general map and chronological tables useful. Beyond any doubt by far the most significant contribution to the volume is that by Professor de Laet himself, in which he summarizes brilliantly the lessons of the Symposium. In this clearly set out and incisive essay, which deserves to be widely read and pondered, the attentive reader will discern the reasons for the failure of the Symposium to achieve a full measure of success. If the present reviewer has any concrete suggestion to offer it is that a Symposium needs to be built around a firm definition of problems by an individual of Professor de Laet's calibre. Instead of recruiting representatives of countries, the members of the Symposium ought, surely, to have been invited as the body of individual scholars best qualified to amplify and discuss the broad problems defined in the preliminary document. As it was the Symposium preserved in miniature all the defects inherent in the full Congress; instead of being problem-orientated, the majority of the contributions consisted of recitals of the existing classification and grouping of the archaeological data referred to in the closing phase of the Neolithic in the several countries concerned. As Professor de Laet implies, they were concerned with the preliminary chronological and topographical ordering of archaeological data rather than with the stuff of prehistory. It is indeed surprising that the main problems of Eneolithic Europe, namely the spread of metallurgy and the movement of peoples, are only incidentally touched upon, instead of forming the very basis of dialogue at the Symposium. One might have thought that at this time of day a symposium on Eneolithic Europe would have numbered among its participants leading experts on aspects of metallurgy in addition to archaeologists mainly concerned with periodization and style-analysis, not to mention physical anthropologists and philologists. Again, it is difficult to understand why the Aegean world, through which metallurgy and other cultural traits must have reached Europe from western Asia, is entirely omitted from the Symposium. The conclusions arrived at by de Laet ought surely to have been present in the minds and imaginations of those responsible for organizing the Symposium and indeed formed the basis on which participants were selected and the programme arranged. Yet it is necessary to be philosophical and admit that in real life it is rarely possible to achieve without at first failing. So long as Professor de Laet's conclusions are appreciated and acted upon much will have been gained.


Frozen embryo disputes have been described as cases requiring the 'wisdom of Solomon' due to the difficulty in assessing the potentially competing interests of gamete providers following IVF treatment and the breakdown of their relationship. A legal framework modelled on 'reproductive effort' could inform how authority over the disposition decisions of frozen embryo(s) should be allocated in such disputes. This thesis considers how 'reproductive effort' could be applied under three different areas of law by which frozen embryo disputes have previously been settled, namely: estoppel, property law and a rights-based regime. A specific application of 'reproductive effort' in all three of these areas of law highlights the importance of the investment made by the female partner which, it is argued, in most circumstances, should grant her decisional authority over the disposition of any existing embryo(s). Whichever legal model is employed, it can be tailored (by regulation, statute or by application in case law) to more adequately recognise the gendered role 'reproductive effort' plays in IVF.


Abstract Doubling of the amount of impounded waters in California is in the foreseeable future. Basic climatology dictates winter and spring storage and summer and fall drawdowns, a feature common to far western impoundments. Most of these impoundments will support warm-water fisheries. Native fresh-water fish populations in California and the lower Colorado River have not adjusted to the combination of impoundment and predation by introduced warm-water sport species and often the introduced species have not maintained desirable population structures. The sunfishes frequently stunt and are believed to depress the bass populations. Extremely poor survival of bass-of-the-year is common. An unsatisfactory bass-of-the-year/forage ratio exists in the fall when the young bass turn to a fish diet. Food production is poor in the littoral zone because of water level fluctuation, but plankton production in open waters is usually adequate. Over a period of years, following construction, the reservoirs experience a t...


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a narrowband notch microwave photonic filter (MPF) with an ultra-high all-optical tuning efficiency based on an optimized high-quality (Q) nanobeam photonic crystal (PhC) cavity. By optimizing the structural parameters, the hole shapes and the waveguide width of the cavity, a silicon nanobeam cavity with a theoretical high-Q factor of 4 × 108, a small mode volume (V) of 0.32(λ/n)3 and a compact size of 6 μm2 could be obtained. Due to the extremely high Q/V ratio beyond 1 × 109, the nonlinear effects in the cavity could be efficiently excited, which is beneficial for on-chip low-power signal processing. In the experiment, by adjusting the wavelength of the optical carrier, the central frequency of the notch MPF could be widely tuned from 1 GHz to 40 GHz with maintaining the 3dB-bandwidth around 198 MHz and rejection ratios beyond 50 dB. On the other side, the central frequency of the MPF could be all-optically tuned based on the nonlinear effects in the cavity. Owing to the cavity extremely high Q/V ratio, the MPF frequency can be adjusted with an ultra-high tuning efficiency of 308.8 GHz/mW. To the best of our knowledge, whether the notch MPF narrow 3dB-bandwidth of 198 MHz or the all-optical tuning efficiency of 308.8 GHz/mW is a record value among the reported silicon-cavity-based notch MPFs with such a compact device size. With the dominant advantages of sub-gigahertz narrowband, wide tuning range, ultra-high all-optical tuning efficiency and extremely compact cavity size, the proposed MPFs illustrate competitive performance for on-chip microwave signal processing.


An electromagnetic interferences (EMI) shielding is a material that attenuates radiated electromagnetic energy. Polymer nanocomposites is a class of materials that combine electrical, thermal, dielectric, magnetic and/ or mechanical properties, which are useful for the suppression of electromagnetic interferences. In this work, we looked over the effectiveness of the electromagnetic interferences shielding of polymer-based nanocomposites. These are thin samples of epoxy resin strengthened with nanostructured Cu powders. Nanostructured Cu powders were obtained by mechanical milling using the high-energy RETSCH PM400 ball mill (200 rpm). A powder sampling was conducted after 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 33h, 46h and 58h milling for characterization requirements. XRD analysis via the Williamson-Hall method shows that the mean crystallites size decreases from 151.6 nm (pure Cu phase) to 13.8 nm (58 h milling). Simultaneously, the lattice strain increases from 0.1% (pure Cu phase) to 0.59% (58 h milling). The elaboration of thin samples was performed by mixing a vol./3 fractions of nanostructured Cu powder, epoxy resin and hardener. Thin slabs of 1 mm thickness were moulded for use in a rectangular wave-guide. The EMI shielding experimental involved a two ports S parameters cell measurement made of R120 metallic wave-guides of rectangular section (19.05x9.525 mm2) and operational over the frequency band of 9.84 to 15 GHz associated to a network analyser. Obtained results show moderate EMI shielding effectiveness for the milled Cu-based slabs.


Studies on the early secondary succession were carried out in a lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest and a kerangas (heath) forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results show that there is a correlation between the species strategy with the physical and chemical soil status in the early secondary succession. In Mixed Dipterocarp Forest (Red- Yellow Podzolic soils) seedlings of secondary species were important as the initial colonizers. In contrast, vegetative resprouts (trees and shrubs) were the main component of Kerangas Forest (Podzol soils). A model of species strategy in relation to changes in soil property associated with the early secondary succession is presented.


A testing procedure for characterizing both the color and spatial image quality parameters of trichromatic digital cameras, which are used to photograph paintings in cultural heritage institutions, is described. This testing procedure is target-based, thus providing objective measures of quality. The majority of the testing procedure followed current standards from national and international organizations such as ANSI, ISO, and IEC. The procedure is being tested in an academic research laboratory and representative American museums. The quality parameters tested include system spatial uniformity, tone reproduction, noise, dynamic range, flare, resolution, registration of the color channels, geometric distortion, depth of field, and most importantly, the color reproduction accuracy. Biography Erin P. Murphy is a graduate student with the Munsell Color Science Laboratory at the Rochester Institute of Technology and will be graduating with her M. S. degree in Color Science in the summer of 2004. She holds a B.S. in Imaging and Photographic Technology, also from RIT.


The results of hydrodynamic storm surge modelling are used to inform and construct a detailed quantitative description of the possible changing structure and intensity of severe tropical cyclone Tracy as it proceeded across Beagle Gulf to landfall at the City of Darwin in 1974. The measured storm surge is used as an independent wind calibration proxy to augment the measured eyewall winds and pressures from the airport, which is located close to the coast. The investigation resulted in a seemingly subtle change in the modelled wind speed for the airport site but enabled an accurate reproduction of the magnitude of the measured storm surge in the nearby harbour and wave impacts on the local beaches. It is therefore hypothesised that Tracy likely underwent an eyewall-replacement contraction when approaching near land west of Darwin and, locally at least, significantly increased its peak winds during the critical period when the storm tide was generated and enabled the propagation of the surge into the harbour. It is further hypothesised that the storm subsequently rapidly decayed or became unstable as it came ashore. As a result of these experiments, there is also evidence that winds at the nearby coastline may have been substantially higher than those recorded at the airport.


Development of the renewable,clean and environmental energy,especially forest energy,is one of the strategic missions for energy-saving and emission-reduction,sustainable development.Forest energy with an enormous reserve is not only the principle energy resource in the rural regions of developing countries,but also the promising non-pollutant clear energy resource.This paper analyzed the significance of forest energy exploitation on the mitigation of global energy crisis and global climate change process and realization of sustainable development put forward the strategic approaches of forest energy research and development including fuel forest construction,research and development of woody energy conversion technologies and forest health management.Finally,the key issues of forest energy exploitation were summarized for promoting the development of forest energy in China.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. February 2009. Major: Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology. Advisor: Michael A. Farrar. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 172 pages. Ill. (some col.)


Performance traits of seven genetic groups (M1C1, C1C1, C2C2, M1C2, C2F1, C1F1, M1F1) of broilers obtained from crosses of two genetic groups developed by UFV (M1 and F1) and two commercial lines (C1 and C2) was studied. The birds were randomly allotted in 84 boxes (15 birds/box) whith 12 replicates. In the first period (1 to 21 days) the birds were fed on diet with 3000 kcal of EM/kg, and in the second period (22 to 42 days) they were fed on diets with four different levels of energy (2900, 3050, 3200 and 3350 kcal EM/kg). The following traits were analyzed: feed intake, weight gain and feed:gain ratio in the first (1 to 21 days), and second (22 to 42 days) periods and in total period (1 to 42 days of age). In the first period, significant differences among the genetic groups for weight gain and feed intake were observed, but no significant differences among the groups for feed:gain ratio were found. In the second period and in the total period, significant differences among the genetic groups and levels of energy for feed intake, weight gain and feed:gain ratio were observed. The effect of the levels of energy was linear for all traits studied.


When considering free surface flow in channels, it is essential to have in-depth knowledge about the inlet flow conditions and the effect of surface roughness on the overall flow field. Hence, we h ...


In an age when the relevancy of the study of history receives popular challenges, those of us who teach history to others might do well to keep Ken Burns' attitude in mind.1 According to Burns, the study of history forms part of a rigorous process of self-examination and discovery. Far from adhering to Henry Ford's belief that "History is more or less bunk" (qtd. in Macmillan 252), Burns believes that a study of history aids in the shaping of one's identity and sense of purpose.


Previous descriptions, illustrations and geographical reports of Aphasmatylenchus nigeriensis Sher, 1965 and Scutellonema clathricaudatum Whitehead, 1959 are amplified and supplemented by light and scanning electron microscope observations. Particular consideration was given to amplifying details of lateral field areolations and surface characteristics of en face view , useful for their identification. The presence of A. nigeriensis in a natural habitat at Nangota, Liberia and A. clathricadatum in Koinadugu (Kabala) Sierra Leone, enlarges the distribution records for these species, while the morphometric descriptive characteristics of our populations extend the known range of variability for both species.


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A signal processing method, a system, a sending end, and a receiving end. The method comprises: receiving a signal transmitted through a channel; demodulating the signal; replacing a first piece of padding data at a padding position in the signal into a second piece of padding data; and performing error correction and decoding. The system comprises a receiving end and a sending end. The receiving end comprises: a receiving module used for receiving a signal transmitted through a channel; a demodulation module used for demodulating the signal; a replacement module used for replacing a first piece of padding data at a padding position in the signal into a second piece of padding data; and a decoding module used for performing error correction and decoding processing. By implementing the embodiments of the present invention, before the receiving end performs error correction and decoding on the received signal, the first piece of padding data to which an error may occur in transmission may be replaced into the reliable second piece of padding data which does not require error correction and decoding, so that the correction and decoding capabilities focus on useful actual data, thereby improving the effective encoding gain.


Abstract: As clean and renewable energy, straw biomass energy used by gasification combustion can reduce the energy crisis and environmental pollution. At present, small household biomass gasification combustion furnace in use there are some problems: tar and ash in the gasification gas more, the material continuous feeding process complex, and the intermittent feeding inconvenience, which leads to unsatisfactory application. In this paper, the design of a lift type multi-body household straw biomass gasifier is proposed, through three gasification combustion furnace body and removable furnace; gears, racks and other lifting transmission mechanism; air gasifying agent preheating, uniform distribution of supply; the secondclass purification system of tar and dust impurities and other structural design, can make biomass material loading conditions to meet the needs of home cooking needs to achieve gasification flammable gas flow without power to ensure gasification reaction process requirements, and the effective removal of the tar and the dust impurities in gasification gas. The lift type multi-body household straw biomass gasifier can effectively utilize the straw biomass energy to solve the problem of straw biomass waste and pollution.


A system has been developed for measuring 1.064 µm laser pulses of about 10-15 J. The overall uncertainty of the system has been evaluated and is less than ± 15%. The details of the measurement system, its documentation relative to the NBS absolute reference calorimeters, and the associated uncertainties of measurements are discussed. Several silicon avalanche and PIN photodiodes have been evaluated. Measurements have been performed utilizing cw lasers, and laser pulses of about 30 and 200 ns. These measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of characterizing transfer standards for these low level energies by means of cw laser measurements and acousto-optic modulators. Such a system is discussed. The results of these evaluations and work towards realizing well documented transfer standards are also discussed.


This paper designs a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) scheme for a class of nonlinear systems under binary encoding transmission. To further ease the communication overheads between the plant and the controller, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism is also introduced to the TSMC design. Sufficient conditions are proposed, respectively, for guaranteeing the reachability to a practical sliding mode and the ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system, in which the effects from the binary encoding and the dynamic event-triggered protocol are quantified clearly. The Zeno phenomena for the developed dynamic event-triggered mechanism is excluded via an explicit analysis. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are demonstrated by a numerical example and a real experiment on permanent magnet synchronous motor speed regulation system.


Objective: Unbalanced glucagon and insulin secretion may contribute to glucose fluctuations and inadequate glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the glucagon-to-C-peptide ratio and glycemic control. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, a total of 1128 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. The fasting and postprandial glucagon-to-C-peptide ratios were calculated following a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Subjects were divided into quartiles based on their fasting and postprandial glucagon-to-C-peptide ratios. Statistical analysis was then carried out. Results: HbA1c levels were significantly and positively correlated with fasting (r = 0.333, p < 0.001) and postprandial glucagon-C-peptide-ratio (r = 0.373, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with uncontrolled hyperglucose significantly increased from 76.2% to 83.0%, 89.4% and 94.7% from the first to second, third and fourth quartiles of the fasting glucagon-C-peptide ratio and increased from 73.4% to 80.9%, 93.3% and 95.7% from the first to second, third and fourth quartiles of the postprandial glucagon-C-peptide ratio, respectively. After adjusting for potential influences, the mean difference (95% CI) in HbA1c between the patients in the lowest and highest quartiles of the fasting glucagon-C-peptide ratio was 1.925 (1.512, 2.338) %, and the mean difference in HbA1c between the patients in the lowest andhighest quartiles of the prandial glucagon-C-peptide ratio was 2.401 (1.981, 2.820) %. After adjusting for possible metabolic risks by multiple logistic regression analysis, the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) for uncontrolled hyperglucose of the second, third and fourth quartiles versus the first quartile of fasting glucagon-C-peptide-ratiowere 1.331 (95% CI 0.829–2.136), 2.818 (1.647–4.823) and 7.268 (3.573–14.784), respectively. When compared with the first quartile of the postprandial glucagon-C-peptide ratio, the corresponding ORs for uncontrolled hyperglucose of the second, third and fourth quartiles were 1.752 (95% CI 1.100–2.793), 6.304 (3.348–11.560) and 15.998 (7.353–34.805), respectively. Conclusions: For type 2 diabetic patients, an increased glucagon-to-C-peptide ratio is associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled hyperglucose.


Thermoelectric modules are an important alternative to heat engines in the harvesting of waste heat. Electrical-thermal analogues are often employed when studying heat conduction and this approach can be extended to develop a model for thermoelectric effects. The coupled thermoelectric partial differential equations are discretized using the finite volume method; the discretization respects the coupling between the heat sink and the thermoelectric material. The new model is especially useful when an accurate picture of transients in a thermoelectric device is required. Results from simulations using the model are presented and validated experimentally.


The Definition of market size, sales volume on the market and by segment, industry average profit and the rate of growth of the size of the market is carried out according to the data of both statistical and administrative accounting. Methods of analysis of these indicators are quite traditional: vertical, horizontal, trend analysis, etc. The obligatory element of the analysis are the time series of these values, through which you can monitor and predict structural change, growth rates, the average annual growth rate and calculate the forecasted value of the studied parameters


A transmission line model for predicting crosstalk involving three-core twisted cable is developed. The three-core twisted cable is modeled as a cascade of uniform sections with abrupt interchange of core wire positions at the end of each uniform section. Crosstalk among circuit configurations employing a three-core twisted cable were investigated by using this transmission line model in this paper. It is found that the twists generally provide an attenuation of about 50 dB than a three-core cable without twists does for crosstalk when the driving sources on three-core twisted cables and terminal impedances are three phase symmetric. When the driving sources are asymmetric, much less attenuation for crosstalk is provided by three-core twisted cables. Similar techniques can be used to model four-core twisted cables and other multi-core twisted cables for crosstalk prediction.


Recent research confirms that a range of psycho logical problems and psychiatric disorders are common in people with diabetes. Such problems are important not only because of the suffering caused, but also because of their impact upon the management and outcome of the diabetes itself. This article reviews the psychosocial impact of diabetes and its treatment, describes the range of psychological problems and psychiatric disorders which commonly occur in people with diabetes, and outlines the role of the psychiatrist in the recognition and management of these clinical problems.


In recent years, with the rapid development of social network, deeply analyzing and mining the social network users is of great significance in the area of information propagation and advertising, and there have been increasing research efforts on it. In this paper, we analyze the CASINO algorithm deeply and propose a parallel CASINO algorithm based on MapReduce, and then test the performance of the algorithm under different conditions. The experimental result shows that compared to CASINO, the parallel CASINO algorithm has a better performance and a faster speed.


Context and objective: Plasma arachidonate (20:4) levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were investigated. Methods: Plasma was extracted and free fatty acids (FFAs) were separated using column chromatography and measured by fluorescence. Plasma 20:4 levels and its percentage relative to total FFA levels (%20:4) were measured in COPD (n = 18) and control (n = 20) subjects. Results and conclusions: FFA levels were lower in COPD compared with normals. However, there was a significant increase in %20:4 levels in COPD patients (GOLD stage I/II 0.9 ± 0.4%; GOLD stage III/IV 1.1 ± 0.1%) compared with control subjects (0.6 ± 0.1, p < 0.05). %20:4 is a potential biomarker for COPD.


Practice teaching is an important teaching sector for higher engineering colleges to train students' practice ability,creative spirit and comprehensive ability.The construction,objective implementation and teaching system of multi-dimensional new model in practice teaching were studied and explored.The framework of teaching bases,guidance teachers,teaching content and inspection way was constructed.With"school-enterprise cooperation,mutual benefit and win-win result"as guiding thought,combing with the culture and improvement of teachers' innovative teaching ability,a good result in innovation ability cultivation of students was obtained.


Huperzine A,' a Lycopodium alkaloid isolated from Chinese folk medicine, Huperia serrata(Thunb.) Trev., is a potent, reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesteme. In China, it has been approved as a drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Several groups have achieved the total synthesis of huperzine in which the protected tetrahydroquinolone Eketo ester 7 is a common key intermediate. A number of methods have been developed for the preparation of 7 from different starting materials. In the first total synthesis of huperzine A, compound 7 was prepared by Ji et al. from ethyl 2-methyl-6-hydroxynicotinate via a somewhat laborious sequence of reactions. Kozikowski's g r o u ~ ~ ~ developed a one-pot, three-component condensation by simply admixing the mono-ethylene ketal of 1,4-cyclohexanedione, methyl propiolate in ammonia-saturated methanol in a Parr reactor,'O followed by acarbomethoxylation to obtain 7., Recently, Langlois et al.679 reported that 7 was obtained from 2-methoxy-6-methylpyridine in five steps with a 43% overall yield. However, the overall yields of 7 obtained by these methods were not satisfactory, requiring the use of organometallic and expensive reagents and under critical reaction conditions. This paper describes a new approach to 7 from dimethyl acetone-l,3dicarboxylate in 7 steps (Scheme). Commercially available dimethyl acetone1 ,3-dicarboxylate was treated with propiolyl amide in 5% Na.$O, solution, affording 2-pyridone in 61% yield. After 0-methylation of pyridone 1 with CH,I/Ag2C0, in CHCl,, compound 2 was smoothly reduced with LiAlH, in THF furnishing diol3 in 85% yield. Diol3 was then transformed into 7 via the sequence of reactions reported by Qian et aL8 Diol3 was treated with SOCl, in CHC1, for 2.5 h, leading to dichloride 4 A0 ' NH2 Huperzine A


Severe freezing rain disaster has happened in Guizhou Province early 2008. The meso-scale maintenance mechanism of the stationary front related to the event is analyzed from the aspects of circulation,low er jet and moisture transportation. And as typical case,the third process which is the most devastating one in the event has been simulated through WRF model. The results consist with observations in circulation pattern,precipitation distribution and intensity. High resolution simulation clearly reflects stratification structure of stationary front and distribution characteristics of cloud substances over freezing rain area in Guizhou. The research shows that except the general three-layer structure(includes ice layer,warm layer and cold layer),the typical two-layer structure of freezing rain also appeared in central region of Guizhou. This means freezing rain may develop merely when a deep warm moist layer that has temperature exceed 0℃ in middle altitude overruns a colder layer,while solid particles in upper air hardly exist. Abundant liquid drops contain in warm layer fall through shallow colder layer forming supercooling raindrops,and freeze on contact with surface.


With the help of economic models, Discusses the main factors of corporate investment - internal finance sensitivity based on the sample of listed corporate of China, the results show that financing constraints affect the investment and cash flow sensitivity. The level of disclosure of information has an important impact on the extent of financing constraints. The sensitivity of investment- cash flow are caused by the financial constraints because of asymmetry information hypothesis.


concentration has attracted more attention of the public. The YRD region has been suffering from both the PM2.5 and O3 pollution problems. To investigate the formation mechanisms and sources of PM2.5 and O3 in this region, a comprehensive EXPLORE-YRD campaign (EXPeriment on the eLucidation of theatmospheric Oxidation capacity and aerosol foRmation, and their Effects inYangtze River Delta) was carried out in May June 2018. In this study, we investigate the contributions of different source categories to PM2.5 and O 3 . A source-oriented 3-D air quality model (CMAQ) was applied to analyze contributions of different emission sources to PM2.5 and O 3 in the YRD region. Emissions were divided into eight source categories: industry, power, transportation, residential, agriculture, biogenic, wildfire, and other countries. Contribution from individual source category was quantified. The importance of anthropogenic and natural sources to PM2.5 and O 3 was discussed.


Based on theory of Imaging laser radar,the two-dimension scanning-device is developed;small laser distance measuring equipment is designed;software for image collection controlling and imaging are compiled;colleted distance information is transferred into gray level image and then to colored picture 。 The experiment indicates the system can satisfy the request.


The greatest socioeconomic problem confronting the Western World is the progressive aging of its population. This change presents special problems for the ophthalmologist, as all surveys show a dramatic increase of prevalence of blindness with increasing age. A review of the principal diagnoses given in relation to blind registration in people over 65 shows that almost 50% of blind registrations result from macular disease. It is perhaps significant that over the last few years many research groups throughout the world have directed their efforts towards understanding the aging processes occurring in the outer retina. Many studies seem to indicate that with increasing age the constant renewal of the light sensitive membranes of photoreceptor cells may present problems for the retinal pigment epithelium and in turn Bruch's membrane.' The implications are that the constant phagocytosis of disc membranes and their subsequent degradation by lytic enzyme systems within the pigment epithelium eventually result in the progressive accumulation of debris within pigment epithelial cells.' By the fourth decade extracellular debris is also seen accumulating in the innermost layers of Bruch's membrane. Sarks has elegantly demonstrated in her clinicopathological studies that in many individuals the extracellular deposits, possibly genetically predetermined, play a significant part in the generation of age related macular disease. The spectrum of disturbances in the aging retina ranges from extensive subpigment epithelial deposits, through drusen, to pigment epithelial detachments and subretinal neovascular complexes. Extracellular debris may not only be a causal agent in loss of function in the aging macula, but may also account for some of the variations or patterns seen on clinical examination. A recent paper4 has postulated as a causal agent the constant deposition of the waste products of phospholipid degradation by the pigment epithelium, eventually resulting in an aggregation of lipid within the innermost layers of Bruch's membrane, the presence of such a hydrophobic layer impeding the passage of water moving from the retina towards the choroid.f In elderly people such a barrier may well be the causal agent of pigment epithelial detachments, in that as the pigment epithelium pumps water from the subretinal space towards the choroid it literally pumps itself off Bruch's membrane. Clinically, Hoskin et al' subdivided pigment epithelial detachments into those in which hyperfluorescence of the detached pigment epithelium was uneven and those in which it was even. This subdivision was considered an important indicator in prognosis, as even hyperfluorescence indicated a predisposition for the detached epithelium to rip. The authors postulated that the dichotomy in clinical appearance of these two types of detachments may arise through differences in cleavage planes as the cells leave Bruch's membrane. Detachments with uneven hyperfluorescence were postulated to occur as a result of the pigment epithelium becoming detached from Bruch's membrane and taking with it both its basement membrane and some of the underlying extracellular debris which generally lies between the basement membrane and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane. In contrast in those lesions with even hyperfluorescence the concept was that the pigment epithelium became detached, leaving its basement membrane behind. The scanning electron microscope study presented in this issue by Yamamoto and Yamashita is of particular interest in relation to the possible locations of differential cleavage planes within Bruch's membrane. Although the cleavage planes illustrated result from deliberate histological techniques, they show clearly that the pigment epithelium can be displaced from its basement membrane and that the basement membrane itself may be detached from the underlying inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane, and, in its becoming so, debris lying between the basement membrane and the inner collagenous layer may either remain on the collagenous layer or become detached from it and adhere to the basement membrane of the pigment epithelium.


Introduction: what is this book and what is it about? Anton Yasnitsky and Rene van der Veer Part I. Theory: 1. Introducing Vygotsky's cultural-historical psychology Ronald Miller 2. Vygotsky's idea of psychological tools Janette Friedrich 3. The problem of consciousness in Vygotsky's cultural-historical psychology Ekaterina Zavershneva Part II. Method: 4. Methodology of cultural-historical psychology Aaro Toomela 5. Dynamic assessment in search of its identity Alex Kozulin 6. Encountering the border: Vygotsky's zona blizhaishego razvitia and its implications for theories of development Jaan Valsiner and Rene van der Veer Part III. Child: 7. Developmental education Galina Zuckerman 8. Tracing the untraceable: the nature-nurture controversy in cultural-historical psychology Elena L. Grigorenko 9. The 'magic of signs': developmental trajectory of cultural mediation Igor M. Arievitch and Anna Stetsenko Part IV. Language and Culture: 10. Inner form as a notion migrating from West to East: acknowledging the Humboldtian tradition in cultural-historical psychology Marie-Cecile Bertau 11. A review of inner speech in cultural-historical tradition Anke Werani 12. Luria and Vygotsky: challenges to current developmental research Eugene Subbotsky Part V. Brain: 13. There can be no cultural-historical psychology without neuropsychology. And vice versa Aaro Toomela 14. Cultural-historical neuropsychological perspective on learning disability Tatiana Akhutina and Gary Shereshevsky 15. Cultural-historical theory and cultural neuropsychology today Bella Kotik-Friedgut and Alfredo Ardila Part VI. Beyond Psychology: Cultural-Historical Psychology and other Disciplines: 16. Cultural-historical psychotherapy Alexander Venger and Elena Morozova 17. From expressive movement to the 'basic problem': the Vygotsky-Luria-Eisensteinian theory of art Oksana Bulgakowa 18. The need for a dialogical science: considering the legacy of Russian-Soviet thinking for contemporary approaches in dialogic research Marie-Cecile Bertau 19. Cognition and its master: new challenges for cognitive science Maria V. Falikman 20. Cultural-historical theory and semiotics Vyacheslav V. Ivanov 21. Luria and 'Romantic Science' Oliver Sacks.


In this study, particles generated from a direct-injection (DI) diesel engine fueled with biodiesel, ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD, <10 ppm-wt), and low-sulfur diesel (LSD, <500 ppm-wt) were investigated experimentally for their oxidation properties, using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), at five engine loads. Kinetic analysis of particulate oxidation was conducted based on the mass loss curves obtained from the TGA. The activation energy was found to be in the range of 142–175, 76–127, and 133–162 kJ/mol for the particulate samples for ULSD, biodiesel, and LSD, respectively. The particulate oxidation rate decreases with the increase of engine load for each fuel, and at each engine load, the oxidation rate decreases in the order of biodiesel, LSD, and ULSD. The primary particle size, nanostructure, and volatile fraction were also investigated for different particulate samples. The results indicate that the higher oxidation rate of biodiesel particles could be related to the smaller primary particle size, the more disordered nanostructure, and the larger volatile fraction, compared with the ULSD and LSD particles. The increase of sulfur content in a diesel fuel has a limited influence on primary particle size and nanostructure, while inducing a larger volatile fraction, which might be one of the reasons for the stronger oxidative reactivity of the LSD particles, compared with the ULSD particles. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research


Nowadays, it does make sense to use demonstration flights in the area of air traffic control in various air situations. The questions of computer air plot simulation are considered. For the simulation of processes and systems the technology of simulation modeling is used. It is a formal description of the functioning logic. In addition, there is computation of multifactor experiments. The picture of the aircraft is a conventional figure of the aircraft, the longitudinal axis position of which corresponds to its course. It can be on different or same routes. Changing of flight position appears according to the program using computer timer. For each aircraft, you enter its speed value. The controller can perform vectoring with the new course for changing the trajectory of the flight. The program has both automatic and manual modes. Mathematical modeling of flight, during the transition to a new course, does not relate to the characteristics of the specific type of aircraft. For example, there is the effectiveness of object-oriented program of air situation with one or more aircraft for training purposes. The aircraft forms on arbitrary sections of the route. The program determines for each aircraft the place of its initial installation and calculates the current distance to the next waypoint. The interval towards the waypoint determines the timeof automatic course changing to a value corresponding to the new route. It's recommended to use Delphi programming system. The object-oriented programming system is effective for the task. It shows that the data display and appropriate software are sufficient funds for the visualization of the air plot at different stages of studying.


Abstract In aging tests of rubber, the temperature and sometimes the oxygen pressure are raised much higher than in normal use; this has been necessary because the criteria of change usually chosen have been insensitive. The uptake of oxygen may be measured with considerable precision and, hence, the aging temperature may be reduced. An apparatus is described in which the absorption of oxygen by rubber is observable after an hour at 50° C; among the samples examined the hourly absorptions varied from 0.6 to 3.4 mg. per 100 grams of rubber. A manometer indicates differences in pressure between two similar bulbs placed side by side, one containing rubber and oxygen and the other containing air only. A formula is given to convert differences in the readings of the manometer to masses of oxygen absorbed.


The rapid growth of the network-centered (Internet and Intranet) computing environments requires new architectures for information gathering systems. Typically, in these environments, the information resources are dynamic, heterogeneous and distributed. In addition, these computing environments are open, where information resources may be connected or disconnected at any time. This paper presents an architecture for a multi-agent information gathering system. The architecture includes three types of agents: interface, broker and resource agents. The interface agents interact with the users to fulfill their interests and preferences. The resource agents access and capture the content of the information resources. The broker agents facilitate cooperation among the information and the resource agents to achieve their desired goals. This paper provides the agents' architecture, design and implementations that enable them to cooperate, coordinate and communicate with each other to gather information in an open and dynamic environment.


Bioprospecting programmes are the key to increasing the current portfolio of indigenous microalgal strains accessible for different applications in microalgal biotechnology. In this work, nine fastgrowing microalgal strains isolated from the Arabian/Persian Gulf coastal waters of Kuwait were evaluated for their potential as biofuel feedstocks. 18S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the strains belong to five different genera, namely, Chlorella, Nannochloris, Scenedesmus, Tetraselmis, and Nannochloropsis. In terms of the total lipid content, in comparison to the other strains, Tetraselmis sp. KUBS13G and Tetraselmis sp. KUBS16G displayed higher lipid contents of 29.56% dry weight (DW) and 26.13% DW, respectively, which were dominated by palmitic and oleic acids. Fuel properties calculated from the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by empirical equations were compared with EN14214 (European) and ASTM D6751-−02 (American) biodiesel standards. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods, such as the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) and Graphical Analysis for Interactive Assistance (GAIA), were used to select suitable microalgae for biofuel feedstock based on their biodiesel fuel properties. Overall, the results suggested that the indigenous microalgal strain Tetraselmis, in particular Tetraselmis sp. KUBS37G, and Scenedesmus sp. KUBS17R are the most suitable strains for biofuel feedstock owing to their improved fuel properties, such as density (ρ) (0.88 g cm−3), low kinematic viscosity (3.1 mm2 s−1), high cetane number (54 and 56, respectively), high oxidation stability (14.6 hr and 14.8 hr), and cold-filter plugging point (1.0°C and -6.1°C).


This paper analyses the weldable characteristics between congeneric metals and heterogeneous matals in details,aiming at the choice for electric locomotive air pipeline material. And the reference selected object is advanced on the basis of application experience.


Article 3 of the Indonesian Law Number 19 of 2019 stipulates that the Corruption Eradication Commission is a state institution within the executive power branch, which in carrying out its duties and authorities is independent and free from the influence of any power. The basic arrangement is not without problems, considering the institutional design of the Corruption Eradication Commission was initially stated in the Law Number 30 of 2002 "…a state institution, which in carrying out its duties and authorities is independent…," becomes "…state institutions within the executive power branch…." The stipulation in Article 3, also the basic article of the law was confirmed by the Constitutional Court in Verdict Number 70/PUU-XVII/2019. This study aims to answer problems of theoretical construction of the commission after the Constitutional Court Verdict Number 70/PUU-XVII/2019. This study used the normative legal research method. The study concluded that, theoretically, there was a shift in the institutional design of the commission, from an independent agency to an independent executive organ, equivalent to the National Police and the Attorney General's Office of Indonesia. The change is a setback in corruption eradication. Compared to other anti-corruption agencies in Asia, the institutional design is not an ideal condition or best practice. Therefore, legislators should restore the commission as an independent agency.