This article examines the problem of the formation of the border between Kazakh autonomy and the Russian Federation. During the critical period of the 1920s, when the issue of delimitation of territories was raised, the Kazakh lands were managed by several centers: Kirrevkom, Sibrevkom and Turkestan Republic. During this period there was an active activity of the Kazakh intelligentsia, which within the limits of their authority defended the territorial interests of the people, at that their unity in this matter was noted, despite the old ideological contradictions. It is necessary to note that the big contribution in business of inclusion of the native Kazakh lands and preservation of them as a part of new autonomy was made by many leaders of Alash movement. It was A. Baitursynov and M. Seralin who were able to defend the issue of the inclusion of Kustanai uyezd into the Kazakh ASSR. It is known that some of the Alash leaders for a positive solution of the territorial issue specifically went to Moscow for negotiations with Lenin and Stalin. As a result of their active position, most of the Kazakh territories were included in the Kazakh autonomy formed in 1920 on the terms of the Bolsheviks. In the 1930's the process of delimitation of lands between the Kazakh autonomy and the Russian Federation continued. During this period, the process of complete delimitation between the two Soviet republics went on gradually until it was formalized in the position that was fixed in 1936, when Kazakhstan received the status of a union republic. As a result of the activities of various administrative-territorial commissions, the border issue was almost completely resolved. However, some shortcomings, in the form of interspersions, remained. Thus, during the Soviet period the issue of territorial delimitation was not finally resolved.


In order to analysis modal characteristic of bearing with pre-tightening force on main spindle of numerical control lathe, this paper proposes a model of spindle modality analysis. This model is used to simulate the preloaded bearing shaft system modal, and the simulation results are verified by modal experiment. This paper takes 7005c as the research object to establish the equivalent-spring model based on the Hertz theory considering the pre-tightening force, whose focus is dealing with the contact between bearings rolling element and raceway. Then the model will be used to get the bearing stiffness for finite element simulation analysis. The shafting modal with preloaded bearing test platform is structured to get the shaft system modal parameters, which is compared with and verified the simulation analysis.


On-line LiBr+H2O concentration is estimated and used to predict the coefficient of performance (COP) of a water purification process integrated to an absorption heat transformer (WP–AHT) applying a number of different algorithms developed in Matlab. The COP is a very important parameter for the performance of the WP–AHT. In this process the working fluid for the absorber and generator is LiBr+H2O, whereas for the evaporator and condenser it is H2O. The LiBr+H2O is an important mixture to increase the energy in the absorber of the heat transformer. Two temperatures (absorber and generator) and two pressures (absorber and generator) are measured on-line to estimate the different concentrations of the absorber and the generator in steady-state on-line. An optimization method is taken to fit the unknown composition (Xsol) resulting from the equations. Through these on-line Xsol estimations, we can predict on-line COP values from a thermodynamic model. These results (Xsol) are satisfactory to estimate on-line ...


Two Pacific amphipod species, Aoroides longimerus (94 individuals) and A. semicurvatus (three individuals), were recorded for the first time in 2019 in the English Channel. Aoroides longimerus was found in four sites along the Normandy coast (Granville, Cherbourg, Saint-Vaast-La-Hougue, and Le Havre) while A. semicurvatus was found only in two sites (Granville and Saint-Vaast-La-Hougue). Because both species were recorded (2009–2014) from the French Atlantic coast, they have probably been introduced to the English Channel through the accumulated fouling of the hulls of ships used primarily for recreational purposes or by transfer of the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas between oyster farms along the French oyster production intertidal zones.


Richard Lachmann, professor of sociology at the University at Albany, State University of New York, endeavours to tell the story of power—and state power in specific—by tracing its evolution from primitive society to the present. His book spans various civilizations, touches on differing developments across continents and attempts to look into the future of the state to answer what he calls 'the critical questions' that, in sum, ask whether states will continue to 'dominate the field of power' (viii). States and power is divided into seven chapters. The first examines the history of power and politics, starting with tribes in the city states of Europe during the medieval period, while chapter 2 deals with state formation and includes a discussion of several theories that analyse the origins of states. The third chapter goes on to discuss nations and citizens and the evolution of these concepts among different states and civilizations, and the cultural context in which they exist, and chapter 4 focuses on capitalist development and states, as well as the latter's role in economic development. The fifth chapter discusses democracy, civil rights and social benefits through Lachmann's examination of the development of democracy and attempts by citizens to claim social benefits through participation in politics. Chapter 6 is devoted to the examination of the causes and factors of state breakdowns. Lachmann evaluates whether modern states are indeed less susceptible to breakdowns than premodern kingdoms, city states and empires. The final chapter is Lachmann's attempt to look into the future of the state, where he concludes that the challenges to modern states will overwhelm the weak and strengthen the strong. For Lachmann, states will not be overpowered by transnational forces nor will all states fall into anarchy. The only game changer will be popular mobilization shaped by human will, which may affect the future shape of the state. The state, both as subject and object of study, is generating renewed interest among scholars. Lachmann's attempts at a grand narrative can only be called heroic as he examines historical, economic, political and social narratives of power that shaped ancient and premodern polities into modern-day states. The book is easily readable and Lachmann has the skill to weave otherwise difficult subjects into a coherent and accessible story. For him, states are the prime manifestation of political power and as such dominate society, albeit unwittingly at times. While transnational capital, civil society and other institutions attempt to challenge the state time and again, they fail to undermine its capacity for survival, which is strengthened by the 'structure of relations among elites and classes' (206). Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Volume 24, Number 1, March 2011


Character education at a higher eduaction institution aims to improve the quality of the implementation and outcomes of education that leads to the achievement of the formation of character and moral values of the students holistically, integratively and proportionally, in line with the competency standard of the graduates. Through character education students are expected to be able to autonomously improve and use their knowledge, study and internalize the values of character and moral values that manifest in their everyday behaviors. Character values applied in higher education, especially in colleges producing teachers, are selected values developed in the implementation of character education, particularly in each department/study program. The core values selected are: honest, intelligent, caring, and resilient. The implementation of the core character values in higher education producing teachers can be integrated using three channels, namely integrated in teaching and learning, management of departments and study programs, and student activities.


The intrinsic diastereoselectivity of the reduction of a series of cyclic ketones by pentacoordinate silicon hydride ions was investigated in the gas phase with the use of the flowing afterglow−triple quadrupole technique. The percent axial reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone (1), 2-methylcyclohexanone (2), 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (3), norcamphor (4), 2-tert-butyl-1,3-dioxan-5-one (5), and 2-tert-butyl-1,3-dithian-5-one (6) was determined by collision-induced dissociation experiments. The results show that axial (exo) reduction dominates for 1, 2, and 4, whereas equatorial reduction is dominant for 3, 5, and 6. The trend observed for the reduction diastereoselectivity of compounds 1−4 and 6 matches their condensed-phase behavior; i.e., the percent axial reduction is reduced when steric hindrance of the ketones is increased (1, 99 ± 3%; 2, 68 ± 5; 3, 9 ± 3%). The remarkable consistency of the results obtained in the gas phase and in solution suggests that environmental effects are either unimportan...


Europe's Huygens probe is on target for a Dec. 25 separation from the Cassini Saturn orbiter that has carried it like a baby for more than seven years. The probe will spend three weeks coasting to a plunge into Titan's thick atmosphere on the morning of Jan. 14. If all goes as planned, the 349-kg. Huygens will spend more than 2 hr. descending by parachute to the mysterious surface of the planet-sized moon, and hopefully devote yet more time to broadcasting data after it lands. Before the day is over, Huygens is programmed to beam about 30 megabytes of data - including some 1,100 images-back to Earth through Cassini, a trip that will take some 75 min. to complete over the 1- billion-km. distance that separates the two planets. Within that data should be answers to questions that date back to 1655, when Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens found the moon with a homemade telescope and named it for the family of giants the ancient Greeks believed once ruled the earth. In the Solar System, there is no other world like Titan, with a nitrogen and methane atmospheric and a cold, hidden surface darker than Earth under the full Moon.


A MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) acoustic sensor-array quench detection method has been proposed for quick, unobtrusive, and precisely localized detection of quench events in superconducting magnets. A cryogenic probe was designed and built to study the quench event in a gaseous coolant induced in a segment of an HTS tape and verify the effectiveness of acoustic MEMS sensors in detecting such events. Prior work characterized the performance of a commercially available Vesper MEMS microphone, and associated amplifiers, in cryogenic conditions which were utilized in this work. Critically, the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) used to amplify the MEMS piezo-sensor output signal fails to operate at temperatures below 110 K. Thus, the ASIC was removed from the microphone package and replaced with a custom low temperature preamplifier which we have shown performs with no loss of function at temperatures as low as 10 K. The quench experiment is conducted using the probe within a two-stage Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler in a gaseous helium environment, at cryogenic temperatures between 20 K to 60 K. Three temperature sensors within the sample region monitor temperature of the HTS sample tape and environment. The HTS sample, a 2 mm wide REBCO tape, is mounted within a square G10 tube. A linear array of the repackaged sensors is mounted to the tube to detect the quench event. The quench detection behavior using the sensors is compared with the readings from voltage taps on the sample. The response characteristics of the Vesper acoustic piezo-sensor with the newly identified, cryogenic-safe preamplifier in detecting quench events of REBCO tapes in gaseous helium are presented.


Selected Proceedings 5th International Conference on Evidence Law and Forensic Science (ICELFS 2015), held in Adelaide, South Australia 20-23 July 2015


Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, this study explores how the duration of poverty and its determinants evolved in Germany between the early 1990s and the late 2000s. To do this, we split the overall period of interest into a set of six-year long rolling windows and use them to document changes in the incidence and length of poverty episodes over time. A joint modeling of poverty and non-poverty spells controlling for unobserved heterogeneity is applied within each window in order to uncover how poverty experiences of individuals with different socio-economic characteristics have evolved over time. The results indicate that poverty has become more persistent and recurrent in Germany since the beginning of the 1990s. Individuals living in households whose head is a citizen from a European Union country, or has general or vocational training, partially improved their situation over time whereas those over 55 years old, households with a disabled or uneducated head, and single parent households became more prone to poverty.


Mixed-integer polynomial programming (MIPP) problems are one class of mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems where objective function and constraints are restricted to the polynomial functions. Although the MINLP problem is NP-hard, in special cases such as MIPP problems, an efficient algorithm can be extended to solve it. In this research, we propose an algorithm for global optimization of the MIPP problems, in which, first, the MIPP is reformulated as a multi-parametric programming by considering integer variables as parameters. Then, the optimality conditions of resulting parametric programming give a parametric polynomial equations system (PES) that is solved analytically by Grobner Bases (GB) theory. After solving PES, the parametric optimal solution as a function of the relaxed integer variables is obtained. A simple discrete optimization problem is resulted for any non-imaginary parametric solution of PES, which the global optimum solution of MIPP is determined by comparing their optimal value. Some numerical examples are provided to clarify proposed algorithm and extend it for solving the MINLP problems. Finally, a performance analysis is conducted to demonstrate the practical efficiency of the proposed method.


Oral care for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging at home and in the dental offi ce. Next to the common problems such as communication and interaction problems, other autism-related factors are associated with non-cooperative behavior during the oral care process. Th is article discusses factors that aff ect oral health in children with ASD.


In this paper, we explore the ways school curriculum uses affection to incite specific behaviors and moralities in students. As the curriculum organizes knowledge through different dimensions, for example in attitudes, is that affection that consolidates the required neutrality to sustain social and cultural orders; particularly when we are referring to the categories race, ethnicity, social class, gender, and sexuality. Thus, the goal is to show how affection is used in the school curriculum to promote neutral ways to produce school subjects. More than providing specific answers, the purpose of this article is to produce a problem on the ways how sophisticated mechanisms to regulate subjects have been set up.


Summary

This review indicates the way in which epilepsy and excessive ethanol intake are related and the frequency of each in relation to the other. There are many ways that fits may be precipitated, both during intoxication and during recovery from ethanol excess. Continuing anticonvulsant therapy is not usually indicated. The importance of abstinence is emphasised if fits occur.


The invention provides a main transformer regeneration breather with photovoltaic conversion and bidirectional microwave heating functions and a use method of the breather. The breather comprises an upper microwave heating device, a lower microwave heating device, a first moisture absorption tank, a second moisture absorption tank, a three-way pipe and a photovoltaic conversion power supply system. According to the breather provided by the invention, solar energy which is safe, clean, efficient, economic and environment-friendly energy is fully utilized as normal working electric energy; the problems of manual replacement during moisture absorption saturation failure of a moisture absorption agent, major potential safety hazards due to exiting of a main transformer heavy gas protection device in a replacement process and the like for a conventional large-sized main transformer breathing device are solved by the online heating drying regeneration technology of the bidirectional microwave heating devices; due to the use of bidirectional microwave radiation energy, the interiors of water molecules adsorbed by the moisture absorption agent in the large-sized breather can be uniformly heated by strong vibration.


Abstract This study reports new data on the occurrence of elk remains in the western, mountainous part of Austria and also provides a compilation of all currently known 107 elk finds of the upper Pleistocene to upper Holocene in this country. The altitudinal distribution reveals two maxima for Austria: a lower one at about 400 m a.s.l., which comprises the alpine foreland, and a second one at about 1600-1800 m a.s.l., reflecting the abundance of vertical caves in the Northern Calcareous Alps at this elevation (animal traps). Vorderkarhöhle in Tyrol is the highest known elk find in Austria (1860 m a.s.l.), interestingly located above the tree line. Although only 11% of all elk sites in Austria have been radiocarbon-dated, stratigraphic and archaeo-logical constraints allow to assign 90% of those sites that lack radiometric dating to either the upper Pleistocene (18%) or the Holocene (72%). Among the latter, upper Holocene sites dominate (78%), followed by middle (16%) and lower Holocene (6%) sites. The youngest radiocarbon-dated elk find in Austria is from Gaflein Valley (Tyrol, 1285-1359 cal BP), in agreement with data from the Swiss Alps, showing that the elk survived beyond Roman times in the Alps and became extinct before the onset of the Middle Ages.


The fault detection of the power switching device enables the multilevel converter to enter the fault-tolerant operation mode in time, so that the converter can still operate in the case of a fault, and the reliability of the converter is improved. According to the characteristics of flying capacitor multilevel converter (FCMC), a fault diagnosis method for power switch based on voltage harmonics is proposed. This method uses Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to continuously analyze the switching node voltage harmonics, and uses a look-up table to identify the type and location of the fault according to different fault characteristic values. Use DFT in FPGA controller to analyze harmonics of specific frequency. The method proposed in this paper can accurately and quickly identify the fault type and location, and only requires an additional sensor, which greatly reduces the cost. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results of a SiC-based 3-Level 100kHz DC-AC flying capacitor buck converter (FCBC).


We examine the joint distribution of levels of income per capita, life expectancy, and years of schooling across countries in 1960 and in 2000. In 1960 countries were clustered in two groups; a rich, highly educated, high longevity "developed" group and a poor, less educated, high mortality, "underdeveloped" group. By 2000 however we see the emergence of three groups; one underdeveloped group remaining near 1960 levels, a developed group with higher levels of education, income, and health than in 1960, and an intermediate group lying between these two. This finding is consistent with both the ideas of a new "middle income trap" that countries face even if they escape the "low income trap", as well as the notion that countries which escaped the poverty trap form a temporary "transition regime" along their path to the "developed" group.


The establishment community correction is a new attempt of execution system,which adapts to the change from the prison sentence to non-custodial sentence.But there are some problems during the operation of the community correction.So,in order to play its proper role we must take measures to resolve.


8 ASUBTITLE: AN EXPANDING GROUP OF REGIONAL CARRIERS IS TAKING A GREATER SHARE OF INTRA-ASIAN PASSENGER TRAFFIC AS MARKETS MATURE.


The present invention relates to a printing apparatus and a method for measuring and correcting synchronization errors. The present invention aims to provide the printing apparatus and the method for measuring and correcting the synchronization errors which can correct the synchronization errors between a roll and a substrate supporting part. The synchronization errors are caused by deformation resulted from the pressure of the roll during an electric printing process.


The main purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of public spending on education and research and development (R&D) on the formation of gross domestic product (GDP) in nine Central European countries, which are divided into two clusters – "old" and "new" EU members. The study took into account official Eurostat data of both the EU and national statistical organizations for the period 2010–2019. The analysis of this impact was carried out using a system approach, statistics and econometric framework including panel data regression, Wald, Breusch-Pagan, Hausman tests. The main finding of the present study is the identification of additional income in terms of GDP in Euro per capita for selected countries, which is obtained from adequately spent public funds for education and R&D. Our results showed that the strongest influence of these expenditures for the "old" members was in Germany and Austria, and for the "new" – in Slovenia and Czechia. It is proved that this impact is different in individual countries and is determined by the public financial policy of national governments.


Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation of the World Federation for NeuroRehabilitation (WFNR) 2–3 July, 2012 Bergen, Norway DAY 1: MONDAY 2nd JULY 9:00–9:10 Tamara Ownsworth (Program Chair) Welcome and Introduction Session 1 9:10–9:40 Talk 1: Professor Barbara Wilson – Opening Address, Chair: Dr Tamara Ownsworth Tuberculous Meningitis: What Neuropsychologists Should Know 9:45–11:00 Symposium Posttraumatic Amnesia (PTA): Retracing our steps to fix problems and avoid pitfalls, Chair and Discussant: Professor Robyn Tate Talk 2: Jacob Kean – Problems with the theoretical construct: PTA vs. delirium. Talk 3: Malene Abell – Conceptual models of early recovery following brain injury. Talk 4: Malene Abell – Delirium Phenomenology In TBI Rehabilitation and Palliative Care Cohorts Using Factor Analysis of the DRS-R98. 11:00–11:30: Morning tea and posters Session 2 11:30–12:10 Advances in Single-Case Methodology, Chair: Professor Jon Evans


ABSTRACT:This article examines the ways Hungarian political life and public debate were influenced by the news media's coverage of the 1993 conflict involving the Branch Davidians living at Mount Carmel Center near Waco, Texas and United States federal agents, in which a total of eighty-six people were killed. After the collapse of the Soviet political system, new religious movements began spreading rapidly in Eastern European nations at the beginning of the 1990s. The first anticult movements in Hungary were closely connected to the political conservativism and traditional religiosity represented by so-called "historical" Christian churches. The conservative governing parties aimed to restrict new religious movements by withdrawing financial support and by enacting a new law on religion and denominations resulting in anticult propaganda disseminated by the state. The news about the conflict and deaths at Mount Carmel Center played an important catalyzing role in the anticult parliamentary and press debates in Hungary. The tragedy of the deaths at Mount Carmel became one of the most important arguments in the hands of politicians in Hungary who wanted to limit freedom of religion for members of new religious movements.


In this paper, a robotic stacker is designed to enable precise stacking of highway sign posts produced by Nucor Steel Corporation, while complying with the required stacking pattern as well as time constraints. The Nucor Steel Corporation bar mill, located in Marion Ohio, relies heavily on manual work force in its highway products division. A highly manual process introduces many safety hazards as well as inefficiencies and inconsistencies. One hazardous position is the bundling of heavy sign posts, which are manually raked into bundles before being manually banded, and workers are at risk for overuse injuries. Moreover, the sign posts are randomly positioned within a bundle, and hence the disorganized bundle is much larger than an organized stack of the same count. Disorganized bundles also hinder further automation processes downstream the production line, such as banding and powder coating the sign posts. This paper offers a robotic stacker solution utilizing Fanuc robot manipulators, custom-built end-effectors, and programmable logic controller (PLC) integrated with human machine interface (HMI) that will result in smaller and organized stacks as compared with the current disorganized bundles, and the removal of a worker from the hazardous position in the process. Organized stacks will also allow for further downstream automation processes. This research project is to be executed at Michigan Technological University and is sponsored by Nucor Steel Corporation.


Based on the reflection relationship between the groundwater level and its influence factors and BP neural network model,a Levenberg-Marquart optimization algorithm of BP neural network is proposed and used for prediction of groundwater level.According to the comparison between the prediction results and the conventional BP algorithm,it can be seen that this algorithm has advantages of high prediction accuracy,fine stability and fast convergence speed.


Conjugated polyphenylenevinylene oligomer (PPV) encapsulated inside basic zeolites X and Y has been prepared starting from the p-phenylenedimethylene-1,1'-bis(tetrahydrothiophen-1-ium) monomer introduced through ion exchange followed by heating the intermediate poly[1-(S-tetrahydrothiophenium)-p-phenylenethylene] oligomer at 220 °C under vacuum for 24 h. PPV loading ranged between 1.8 and 5 wt %, the sulfur content of the solid being lower than 0.03 wt %, corresponding to 1 S atom every 400 carbons. The organic oligomer has been characterized by diffuse reflectance UV-vis, IR, and MAS 13 C NMR, all the data being in agreement with that reported in the literature for pure PPV and different from those of the tetrahydrothiophenium containing intermediate polymer encapsulated inside zeolites. The solids exhibit the green emission characteristic of PPV. Although the length of the oligomer could not be determined by solid-liquid extraction or by treatment of the zeolite with HF, samples with lower precursor loading showed a 20-nm red-shifted emission with respect to that reported for well-prepared PPV. Thus, it is assumed that the length of the encapsulated oligomer has to be enough to make its properties indistinguishable from those of the nonencapsulated PPV polymer. The zeolite-encapsulated PPV was fairly stable to laser flash photolysis (laser power ∼ 10 mJ pulse-1). The transient spectrum has been mainly attributed to PPV polarons. A cell of a thin film of encapsulated PPV prepared by deep coating shows a current intensity vs voltage response characteristic of a diode and a weak electroluminescence operating at a dc voltage of 2.5 V.


This text is the result of discussions of the Group Study in Kindergarten Machado de Assis, which represents one of the spaces in-service training. The goal will be to share a little tissue movement in groups throughout the sessions that took place during 2009.


Bicommutative algebras are nonassociative algebras satisfying the polynomial identities of right- and left-commutativity (xy)z=(xz)y and x(yz)=y(xz). We study subvarieties of the variety of all bicommutative algebras over a field of characteristic 0. We prove that if the subvariety satisfies a polynomial identity of degree k, then its codimension sequence is bounded by a polynomial of degree k-1. Since the exponent of the variety of all bicommutative algebras is equal to 2, this gives that it is minimal with respect to the codimension growth. Up to isomorphism there are three one-generated two-dimensional bicommutative algebras with one-dimensional square which are nonassociative. We present bases of their polynomial identities and show that one of these algebras generates the whole variety of bicommutative algebras.


Focus Mitt Training is irreplaceable in boxing training. explains the function of the electronic boxing focus mitt training system,based on the boxer 's need from focus mitt training. It also proposes the general designing plan of electronic focus mitt training system, and gives detailed design analysis on the sub- function modules of the system,such as the strength measuring module,data analyzing module and so on.


Indonesia is one of the largest culinary attractions in Southeast Asia. The culinary diversity in Indonesia encourages stakeholders to create restaurant businesses with effective and efficient business processes. One of the efforts to make the restaurant business process effective and efficient is to build a restaurant management information system. By using a system, business actors will be able to control and evaluate their business with appropriate reports. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to build a restaurant management information system using the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method, because building this application requires a systematic, structured, and object-oriented process. The RAD method emphasizes a high quality systems, fast development and delivery and low costs development process [1] so that this process requires a serious role from business actors to build a restaurant management information system.   The results of this system design can make it easier for business actors to control the business process from the customer to the kitchen so that the food and beverage ordering process will be served quickly. The GUI restaurant management information system is made interactively so that customers and business actors can easily understand the system. The test results of this system use black-box testing, with the conclusion that the system is successful to run.


Laparoscopic surgery also known as minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized the surgical field for the past 20 years, it has gained popularity and acceptance among both surgeons and patients thanks to its advantages including postoperative pain reduction, early recovery, smaller incisions and shorter hospital stay. Recently there has been a staggering development of techniques, equipment and instruments; the technique has progressed from simple surgical procedures to advanced levels, so much that surgeons have been performing successfully more complex procedures and have recently introduced new modalities that are gaining wide popularity, such as robotic surgery and single-port approach (SILS). Many procedures that were previously considered contraindicated for laparoscopic approach are currently indicated and performed via laparoscopy in a standardized fashion such is the case in colorectal, gastric, hepatobiliary and bariatric surgery, among others, which is why it became one of the main tools used now by general surgeon worldwide. 1,2


The utility model provides a pent-roof die structure which comprises a sprue, a nozzle, a submarine gate, a front die device and a rear die device. A rear die core, a rear die, an ejector pin panel and an ejector pin are arranged on the rear die device, a front die core and a front die are arranged on the front die device, the front die core and the rear die core are combined to form a die cavity corresponding to a product structure, the ejector pin is used for respectively ejecting a formed product and the submarine gate, a cavity is additionally arranged below the die cavity and is communicated with the die cavity and the submarine gate, and a profile of the joint of the cavity and the die cavity has an acute angle. The pent-roof die structure has the advantages of high yield and production efficiency.


Composite slab construction using permanent cold-formed steel decking has become one of the most economical and industrialized forms of flooring systems in modern building structures. Structural performance of the composite slab is affected directly by the horizontal shear bond phenomenon at steel-concrete interface layer. This study utilizes 3D nonlinear finite element quasi-static analysis technique through explicit dynamics procedure to analyze the shear bond damage and fracture mechanics of the composite slabs. Cracking of the plain concrete over the corrugated steel deck has been modeled considering the mixed modes fracture mechanisms by means of concrete damaged plasticity model available in ABAQUS software version 6.9. The interface layer damage was simulated with cohesive elements presented in ABAQUS software considering three modes of fracture. Cohesive fractures properties such as fracture energy and initiation stress have been derived from horizontal shear stress versus end slip curves which were extracted from bending test of a series of small scale specimens. The proposed model is verified through comparison with experimental data which demonstrated that the results of the numerical analyses match with valid experimental results. Therefore these calibrated and validated models can predict the structural response of steelconcrete composite slabs. This will reduce the cost of empirical works which in accordance with present design specifications are mandatory in order to investigate the behavior and load bearing capacity of such structural systems.


In general, in-cabin booming noise is low frequency (20 Hz∼300 Hz) phenomenon which excites the cabin structure mainly due to excitations from the powertrain, exhaust system, road loads, etc. When a vehicle drives over road seams or a bumpy surface, low-frequency drumming noise is generated, causing driver discomfort. The generation of drumming noise is due to road irregularities, transferred and amplified through the vibration characteristics of the suspension, body frame, and body panels, as well as the acoustic characteristics of the vehicle interior. It is therefore difficult to take measures to get rid of drumming, after the basic vehicle construction has been finalized. The regular practice in vehicle development is finite element method (FEM) to obtain acoustical transfer functions of the body, and multi body simulation to get suspension load characteristics. The full vehicle simulation needs more time for analysis and extracting data. So traditional computational aided engineering (CAE) will not support development timeline. Market has become very dynamic, benchmark changes very often, so getting complete data is difficult for very accurate analysis in 'early to market' project timeline. Most of the automotive companies are using computational tools for predicting road noise in simulation phase. But with the help of method, we developed can predict road noise at early design stage itself. It is a novel hybrid tool which can give strong directional results in comparatively lesser time.This user-friendly hybrid tool is developed for predicting and improving road noise at early stage with limited data, especially for new age battery electric vehicle. The inputs used during the initial stage of the program are vibration data of benchmark vehicle at body attachment points, targets, or simulation data (DPDS, NTF), etc. By the proposed methodology, overall trend of road noise can be predicted. In addition to that critical paths can be identified by using transfer path analysis. Once the project/program matures, we can use physically measured data (DPDS & NTF) of the trimmed body and perform the robust root cause analysis to identify the critical paths. Based upon the analysis, modifications to be made on actual body structure for effective drumming reduction. Hence new hybrid approach is proposed, which consists of mathematical model and design philosophy for better in cabin noise. It is worth to note that there are some limitations in the tool and results from the calculations such as granularity of benchmark test data availability, accurate trimmed body level test or simulation data.


Forced convection heat transfer from a cylinder embedded in a packed bed of spherical particles was studied experimentally. With air as the working fluid, the effects of particle diameter and particle thermal conductivity were examined for a wide range of thermal conductivities (from 200 W/m K for aluminum to 0.23 W/m K for nylon) and three nominal particle sizes (3 mm, 6 mm, and 13 mm). In the presence of particles, the measured convective heat transfer coefficient was up to seven times higher than that for a bare tube in crossflow. It was found that higher heat transfer coefficients were obtained with smaller particles and higher thermal conductivity packing materials. The experimental data were compared against the predictions of a theory based on Darcy's law and the boundary layer approximations. While the theoretical equation was moderately successful at predicting the data, improved correlating equations were developed by modifying the form of the theoretical equation to account better for particle diameter and conductivity variations.


The paper proposed a fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller which emulates the conventional PI controller for a vector controlled induction motor drive. A Sugeno type FNN is adopted for the proposed control system and the fuzzy neural network is designed. The proposed FNN-PI controller is used for the position control of induction motor drive. The performance and the robustness of the control system are tested for nonlinear motor loads and parameter variations. The FNN-PI controller is trained off-line using experimental data's and then the trained controller is used for experimental studies. DS1104 control card is used to implement the control algorithm. Experimental results showing the effectiveness of the proposed control system are presented for parameter and load variations of the motor.


Background: Minimally invasive necrosectomy is an umbrella term encapsulating the retroperitoneal, endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches. However, current evidence is unclear in terms of which approach to select in any particular setting. Methods/Results: This leading article provides a pragmatic guide to approach selection in treating pancreatic necrosis with particular reference to the use of minimally invasive approaches. Current evidence in relation to timing of surgery, use of fine-needle aspiration and detailed imaging by magnetic resonance scanning is incorporated into a modern treatment algorithm. Conclusion: The era of minimally invasive necrosectomy has arrived. In the absence of randomised trial evidence, the keys to contemporary management of pancreatic necrosis are good multidisciplinary care, adequate high-quality imaging and careful consideration of all available treatment options including traditional open approaches.


High population growthled to a scarcity of arable land in Indonesia. During 1963-1993periods, farmer households have increased 1.77% i.e, almost three times than the extend ofagricultural land. Soe, the land that is held by the farmer households were not only decreased inits size, but also increased in its inequality. Furthermore, this phenomenon encouraged theexistence of share cropping contract. Sharecropping contract is an old institution that was knownsince Babylonian era ( ± 2300 BC) and still showing controversial issues related to agriculturalproductivity. Certainly, the institution that was born in along history of mankind could not beeasily change, however some modification should be conducted along with the implementation ofrecent agricultural debelopment programs.The objectives this study was identify the change of sharecropping contract on ricefarming along with development of economy in Bali which was also stimulated by development oftourism and to learn weather or not sharecropping contract was contra productive in terms laborused and farming performance.This study was conducted at the subaks area, three within and three others of tourismarea. The population was classified into three group, owner-cultivator, non-kinship-sharecrpper,kinship- sharecropper. Farming intensity was measured by the indicator of the used of labor andinputs, whereas farm performance will be evaluated by land productivity and farm income.This study reveals that the more developed economy within a region, the better sharecropper' sbargaining position. Furthermore, kinship-sharecropping contract was as not bad as the generalopinion that is not agreed to sharesropping contract.Labor utilization and farm performance both in kinship sharecropping were consistentwith enforceable contract that is led to optimizing input allocation. From the view points ofowners-sharecropping relationships it was indicated that the owners held control upon theallocation of farm inputs.


The Cooch Behar State was a small princely State of undivided Bengal during British rule. We know the State became a tributary State of the British East India Company in 1773 A.D. From this time the British ideology introduced in all aspects of the State by the Cooch Behar Maharajas. During the period of Maharaja Nripendra Narayan, who was known the modernizer of the Cooch Behar State, the British ideology had touched the highest stage of modernity during his time. During his time State introduced the First scientific land revenue management, Budget System and other developmental works. This had portrayed him as the modern Maharaja of the State or light side of the State. But this new land revenue management had sharp impact on the State environment and ecology and land-based society. This could portray him as destroyer of State environment and society.


Negative policy spillovers can undermine the social effectiveness of well-intentioned regulations. We evaluate whether environmental regulations that shifted electricity generation from coal to natural gas, reducing emissions, had an effect on electricity price volatility. We use emergency outages of coal generators as an exogenous source of variation in the power generation stack to study how changes in marginal fuel affect real-time prices. Contrary to anecdotal evidence, we find that wholesale prices are less volatile when natural gas is on the margin more often. Our results suggest that policy makers are not trading off greater environmental benefits for higher financial risks.


Oriented strand board (OSB) was prepared using poplar wood with different resin content of phenol formaldehyde. It was observed that modulus of rupture and screw withdrawal of face and edge was more in oriented strand board as compare to solid wood. Internal bonding strength was very less in oriented strand board as compare to solid wood. It was also observed that most of the properties improve with increase in resin content.


To the Editor: Basophilia is an uncommon finding of the peripheral blood detected on complete blood count analysis. Among peripheral blood leukocytes, the basophil is the least abundant, comprising less than 1.0% of peripheral white blood cells. Basophilia is defined by an absolute basophil count greater than the upper reference limit, typically around 0.1 × 10/L. Little is known regarding the prevalence of basophilia in the general population, though a prior study noted that peripheral basophilia was present in 3.0% of patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration. Basophilia is associated with myeloid neoplasms, most notably chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Patients with persistent basophilia detected on peripheral blood often receive testing for CML by assessing for the presence of the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement by either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Though the association of basophilia and CML is well recognized, little is known regarding other conditions that may be related to this peripheral blood abnormality. Our aims were to investigate the differential diagnosis of basophilia in patients with leukocytosis who underwent diagnostic evaluation for CML, and evaluate the relationship between the degree of basophilia and subsequent diagnosis. We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent BCR-ABL testing at the Mayo Clinic from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. Complete blood count analysis at time of BCR-ABL testing was assessed and patients who had both leukocytosis and absolute basophilia were included. Individuals who already carried a diagnosis of CML were excluded. Leukocytosis was defined as a total white blood cell count ≥9.7 × 10/L. Basophilia was defined as an absolute basophil count of ≥0.09 × 10/L per institutional lab parameters. Three-hundred eighty-two patients with leukocytosis and basophilia and without prior CML diagnosis underwent BCR-ABL testing. Two-hundred one patients were male (52.6%) and the median age was 59 years (range: 19 to 89 years). The median total white blood cell count was 16.1 × 10/L (range: 9.7 to 746.5 × 10/L). The median absolute basophil count was 0.20 × 10/L (range: 0.09 to 54.5 × 10/L). Study results are summarized in Table 1. Myeloid neoplasms were diagnosed in 191 patients (50%): CML (104), essential thrombocythemia (23), polycythemia vera (21), primary myelofibrosis (18), unclassifiable myeloproliferative neoplasms (10), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (8), acute myelogenous leukemia (4), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (2), and myelodysplastic syndrome (1). In 70 patients (18.3%), a hematologist identified a comorbid condition that coincided with the patient's basophilic leukocytosis: malignancy (20), tobacco use (15), corticosteroid use (7), infection (6), autoimmune disease (5), prior splenectomy (5), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (3), and other inflammatory states (9). No comorbid condition was identified in 121 patients (31.7%). In patients in whom basophilia was deemed to be reactive to another comorbid condition, resolution of basophilia occurred in 75.4% of patients who received follow up blood count analysis. We then compared the patients with and without myeloid neoplasia in order to assess whether the degree of basophilia was related to the final diagnosis. Patients with myeloid neoplasms had a higher absolute basophil count compared with the remainder of the cohort (Mean: 4.1 × 10/L vs 0.14 × 10/L; P < .01). All patients with an absolute basophil count of ≥0.48 × 10/L had a myeloid neoplasm. The sensitivity and specificity of an absolute basophil count >0.40 × 10/L for myeloid neoplasm was 67.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.4%-74.1%) and 99.0% (95% CI, 96.3%-99.9%) respectively. Our observations support the notion that in the absence of CML, patients with basophilia may benefit from further evaluation into other myeloid cancers. Prior studies have noted a relationship between basophilia and other myeloproliferative neoplasms, including primary myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelodysplastic syndrome. However, these studies were limited by the small sample size of patients with non-CML myeloid disease, and only reported an association of basophilia with a narrow scope of myeloid neoplasms. Our study notes a relationship between basophilia and a broad spectrum of other myeloid malignancies, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, and acute myelogenous leukemia. Among patients in whom basophilia was considered potentially reactive to a comorbid condition, there was a large variety of noted diagnoses. Less information is known regarding reactive basophilia though prior small studies have identified a higher absolute basophil count in patients with atopy, iron deficiency, and diabetes. Interestingly, lymphoid malignancies and tobacco use were the most common non-myeloid disease states coinciding with basophilia. Given that over 75% of patients with reactive basophilia in this study had resolution of basophilia with continued monitoring, it may be reasonable to obtain repeat blood counts in patients in whom a potential comorbid condition is identified. Patients with myeloid neoplasm had higher absolute basophil counts when compared to the remainder of the cohort. The likelihood of a myeloid malignancy increased as the degree of basophilia increased. Though prior expert opinions have recommended a high index of suspicion for chronic myeloid leukemia in patients with an absolute basophil count >1.0 × 10/L, our study suggests a lower threshold for concern. All patients with an absolute basophil count of Received: 6 April 2020 Accepted: 8 April 2020


Political Context Faced with a complex set of state, territory and federal government policies and regulations, the recent history of education and training in the Australian context has been one of increasing cooperation to find some shared goals and action for the future. This came to a climax in April 1999, when state, territory and commonwealth Ministers of Education met as the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA) in Adelaide. At that meeting, ministers endorsed a new set of National Goals for Schooling in the 21st century, since known as The Adelaide Declaration on National Goals for Schooling in the Twenty-first Century (see http://www.curriculum.edu.au/mceetya/adeldec. htm.). The focus of the declaration was on young people, their futures and their future roles as citizens. Excerpts such as the following from that statement are pertinent for this review of the role of geography in teacher education. The full text is available on-line at http://www.curriculum.edu.au/mceetya/nationalgoals/ natgoals.htm.


Based on two different components of lubricating oil, this paper analyzes the filtration efficiency, ash accumulation speed, vehicle WLTC emissions, fuel consumption, and CT scan on a National V emission standard engine equipped with a cGPF aftertreatment device. The results show that both oils can ensure that cGPF meets the emission and fuel consumption requirements of National VI emission standard, but oil F accumulates ash quickly before the ash accumulation of 33% in the discharge, which has a significant effect on PN reduction, and oil C accumulates ash faster after the accumulation of 33%. The effect of reducing the PN is accelerated. Oil F is based on a full calcium detergent system, which has a trend of first to slower for the collection efficiency; while oil C is based on a mixed Ca/Mg detergent system, which has a trend of first slowing and then fasting the collection efficiency. The critical point is generally about 33% of accumulated ash. For oil F, less ash is deposited in the front and middle of the cGPF, while more ash tends to deposit towards the outlet. In contrast, cGPF aged with Oil C has a relatively uniform deposition distribution.


Diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent, and ageing is the main contributor due to impairments in active cardiac relaxation, ventriculo‐vascular stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) affects cardiovascular functions, and NO bioavailability is critically reduced with ageing. Whether replenishment of NO deficiency with dietary inorganic nitrate would offer a novel approach to reverse age‐related cardiovascular alterations was not known.


Harmful algal blooms( HBA) is one of the serious environmental problems in our country and even the world at present,it is very important to predict and warn harmful algal blooms. This paper reviewed the research progress in the early-warning and prediction technologies of HAB,including three types of eutrophication models: transport prediction,data-driven and algae growth model,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages between the different models. Comprehensive use of various eutrophication early-warning models,improve the monitoring technologies and multiple disciplines penetrate each other are trends to improve the accuracy of early warning models.


Introduction: Within this paper the underlying principles of a new method for the automized optimization of illumination is presented, which is specially designed for critical inspection tasks on metal or polished surfaces using machine vision. By this, reflex- and shadow contours are identified automatically and eliminated without using prior knowledge upon the scenery. The generated optimized contour image improves the reliability of successive image analysis in such applications.


This article presents the detailed exegesis of the text of Esd 4,1-5. First,the place of this text in the structure of the Book of Esdra is described andthe translation into Polish is given. Then, detailed remarks follow regardingall the verses included. Verse 1 gives the identity of the delegation comingto Jerusalem as seen by the author of the Book of Esdra. Verse 2 preservesthe self-presentation of the delegates from the north, and the article stressesthe fact that they were believers in YHWH. The answer given in v. 3 by theJerusalem authorities is analysed in detail. Verses 4-5 describe the conflictwith "the people of the land", in many respects having analogies with similarantagonisms between Jerusalem and Judah and the population of the formerKingdom of Israel. By the end of the article some important conclusions areproposed, among them the question as to whether the Jerusalem authoritieswould accept the proposal of collaboration in the cult existing in Jerusalempresented immediately after 539 by the delegates coming from the north.The crucial question regards the long-lasting and still valid issue of theidentity of the "true Israel".


The paper is divided into four sections, each dealing with a specific aspect of the current research program in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Sheffield University. Section I deals with the radiation from a cylindrical surface-wave resonator. Section II presents some numerical results obtained by an electronic computer of the guide-wavelength/dielectric constant relationship for the EH_{11} mode on a dielectric rod. Section III deals with the coupling between two adjacent surface waveguides. Parallel dielectric sheets and parallel rods are both discussed theoretically. Section IV presents the theory of a new form of surface-wave launching antenna, including an evaluation of its hunching efficiency.


BACKGROUND: There is a need for more comprehensive work dealing with the quality of plasma collected by automated plasmapheresis using different final concentrations of citrate anticoagulant. A prospective study was performed to examine the influence of three concentrations of sodium citrate on the levels of clotting factors and markers of activated hemostasis and fibrinolysis.


: In order to analyze the relative success of countries in combating COVID-19, it is imperative to establish a set of criteria for measuring success in this domain. Subsequently, a consensus must be reached on the specific aspects and indicators that define success. Therefore this disease swiftly escalated into a global pandemic, impacting all facets of society and leaving a lasting historical imprint. This study presents a framework for assessing the performance of various countries in their battle against the COVID-19 crisis across four dimensions: healthcare system, crisis management, societal response, and historical perspective. By comparing indicators within each dimension for individual countries separately, we can assess and compare their respective crisis management capabilities while evaluating overall success. However, it is essential to acknowledge that a dichotomy often exists between health-focused solutions and those about economics and politics. Therefore, instead of pursuing an absolute solution or outcome, striving for an optimal balance point is essential. While cross-sectional assessments are necessary during the COVID-19 crisis evaluation process, comprehensive evaluations of the aforementioned dimensions can ultimately determine success levels and identify countries with superior performance.


To function optimally, groups need members who can direct and execute the group's tasks, but individuals who are engage in teamwork-oriented, citizenship behaviors that facilitate intragroup coordi...


Images were captured, transformed, transferred and broadcasted every second in our daily life, Processing of digital images were kept on the top priority since digital images occupies vast areas in facial recognition, pattern recognition, remote sensing, medical evaluation, weather broadcasting etc. In this paper we discuss about the processing algorithm of single frame images and images in videos by segmental image analysis through adaptive gamma correction techniques. The aim of this paper deals with the processing of raster images that were scrambled/pixelated by gamma exposure. Since human eyes can be sensitive to over and under exposed gamma error in images, proper computer segmentation and procession is essential. There are a wide range of techniques available for image enhancement, rather here we used weighting distribution based contrast enhancement evaluation and processing can be identified precisely. An automatic transformation technique that improves the brightness of dimmed images via the gamma correction which enhance the image contrast through use of smoothing curve and probability distribution of luminance pixels. Finally, the paper concluded the procedural programming used to process an image though adaptive gamma correction.


Many novels whose themes are on Anti-rightist and the Great Cultural Revolution are constantly emerging in recent years.Compared with the trauma literature appeared in the 1970's and 1980's,these novels have made a great breakthrough in the themes.The authors' ultimate goal isn't to appear the history,which has changed from introspecting the history to investigating the human nature.In this thesis,the writer makes a comparison between the two periods' novels from the three aspects: history,human nature and concept on novels.


According to system dynamics and in-tree structure, we choose National Transport & Logistics Public Information Platform (LOGINK) as a research object. Then, considering new service concept, new customer interface and new delivery system, its dynamic mechanism of service innovation is studied. Finally, we establish the corresponding dynamic relationship model and deduce dynamic relationship equation.


The objective of the study is to increase the safety, health aspects in the workplace and to reduce the environment pollution which occurred during the burning of firecrackers by changing the chemical composition. The normal flash powder chemical composition used in firework industries are potassium nitrate (60%), Aluminum (20%), and sulfur (20%). During the burning of pyrotechnic composition, it releases harmful gases and it leads to health effects to the human being and it pollutes the environment. Similarly, during the preparation of the cracker, workers are exposed by safety hazards. In this work, the mixing ratio of aforementioned chemical powders are changed and thermal analysis, sensitivity analysis like friction, impact and performance test like noise level of firecrackers are carried out for both existing chemical composition and modified chemical composition and it is compared.


Abstract BACKGROUND Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) remains an incurable pediatric brain cancer. The oncohistone H3K27M implicated in 80% of the cases, is also predicted to target Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (Ezh2), the catalytic component of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2). There are no reported mutations of Ezh2 and its function in DIPG is not fully determined. This work aims to address the role of Ezh2 in DIPG. METHODS Brainstem tumors were established by intracranial injections of Nestin;Tv-a; Ezh2Y641F/+ (NTv-a; Ezh2Y641F/+) neonatal pups using Replication Competent Avian Sarcoma leucosis virus long terminal repeat with splice acceptor (RCAS) viruses, expressing PDGF-B, p53 shRNA, and RCAS-CRE/Y. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and H3K27me3 were performed on the Discovery ULTRA (Ventana). RESULTS Ezh2 overexpression (Ezh2Y641F/+, RCAS CRE) conferred a survival advantage of approximately 10 days (n=20 mice/group, p<0.001). H3K27me3 levels were significantly upregulated in RCAS CRE group (50% vs 20% in RCAS Y, n=4 tumors/group, p<0.03), with a concomitant lower Ki-67 staining (30% vs. 55% in RCAS Y, n=3 tumors/group, p<0.05). Interestingly, pathological review categorized more RCAS-CRE tumors as 'atypical'. RNA-sequencing of virus-infected neural precursor cells revealed a suppression of inflammatory/interferon gene signature in the Ezh2 overexpression group. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Enhanced Ezh2 activity appears to delay DIPG pathogenesis. Ongoing work aims to highlight the contribution of differentially expressed gene signatures that contribute to this phenotype.


This report presents an analysis of the extent to which there is evidence of bias in the CEM11+ tests that were used for selection to Buckinghamshire grammar schools, for entry in 2014, 2015 and 2016. The analysis focusses on the pupils (approx. 4,500 each year) who attended primary schools in Buckinghamshire, for whom a range of other assessment and demographic data are available. We focus on differences by gender, socio-economic status, language status and ethnicity. The paper presents results from analysis of the 2016 cohort; results from the other years have been analysed but are presented only when the pattern of results is different in different years.


The BMJ reports on NHS England's advice to stop prescribing drugs of low clinical value.1 Setting guidance on what not to prescribe would reduce NHS costs, especially the prescription dispensing fees.12 But would it be easier to set …


This report is the second of a series which gives practical guidance on the estimation of the dispersion of radionuclides released to the atmosphere. It represents the conclusions of a Working Group established to review recent developments in atmospheric dispersion modelling and to propose models for use within the UK. Methods described in this report are considered~ suitable for including dry and wet deposition in the models suggested in the groups first report for short and medium-range dispersion. National Radiological Protection Board Chilton Didcot Oxon OX11 ORQ


Telomerase activity has been correlated to parathyroid carcinoma. Because its role in acquisition of a malignant phenotype by parathyroid cells is unclear, we treated telomerase‐positive cultured human parathyroid cancer cells with the telomerase inhibitor AZT, evaluating cell telomerase activity, cytotoxic effects, growth, and morphological changes. In vitro exposure of these cells to AZT correlated with inhibition of cell proliferation.


In this paper, we investigate the influence of a gate electric field on the tunneling current for the contact of impurity graphene nanoribbon with a metal or quantum dots. Based on the Hamiltonian for graphene in the tight-binding approximation, the density of states is calculated, which allows us to obtain a tunneling current. We analyze the effect of the field magnitude on the detecting possibility of an impurity in the graphene nanoribbon. A sufficient change of current–voltage characteristic (CVC) of the contact is observed, with an increase in the constant electric field applied parallel to the nanoribbon plane.


Asymmetry is unquestionably an important characteristic of the wireless propagation channel, which needs to be accurately modeled for wireless and mobile communications, 5G networks, and associated applications such as indoor/outdoor localization. This paper reports on the potential causes of propagation asymmetry. Practical channel measurements at Khalifa University premises proved that wireless channels are asymmetric in realistic scenarios. Some important conclusions and recommendation are also summarized.


Objective:To analyse the clinical data of 35 patients with anaphylactic shock of our hospital in the past four years,and explore the treatment of anaphylactic shock. Methods:Through methods of access to medical records to collect research materials. Results:88.57% of patients shock corrected within 2 hours,35 patients (including 2 cases of illness heavier patients) were rescued successfully. Conclusion:Anaphylactic shock therapy should be timely,epinephrine is the drug of choice,restore tissue perfusion is the key,integrated rescue measures can not be ignored.


In the year of the family, we have focused intensively on this age-old institution. What is happening to the family? Is it healthy? Is it viable?


Given the system of equations n I laijxj = bi. i = M,* , m j2..=b 11 let Ai = (ail, ain). It is known that if the matrix A = (aij) has rank k 0, i = n + 1,. . , m. Denoting the matrix of this sytem by A, and column j of its inverse by C1, points Y on edge j are given in terms of a parameter X by (2.1) Y = X + XCj. Also, it follows readily that for points Y on edge j we have in terms of X This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Tue, 12 Jul 2016 05:22:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE DEGENERATE DISCRETE 11 APPROXIMATION PROBLEM 423 m (2.2) R(Y) = 1X1 + E Iri(X) + X(Ai, C1)I. i=n+ 1 For all sufficiently small RXI this equation can be expressed in the form m R(Y) = RI)A + E [r1(X) + X(Ai, C)]. i=n +1 If (Ai, Cj) = 0, then ri(Y) remains constant along edge j. Otherwise, the zeros of ri(Y) are given by ri(X) (2.3) ij (A, (=n+ (Ai, C,) (=n ? 1, m), (Ai, Cj) # 0. R is a differentiable function of X everywhere along the edge except at zeros of ri(Y), where the derivative jumps by the amount 21(Ai, Cj)l. Denoting the derivative of R on the left at X = 0 by R'(O-), and on the right by R'(0 +), we have m (2.4) R'(0-) = -1 + S (Ai, CQ), i=n+ 1


This paper presents the results of the first excavation campaign of the Artusia rock shelter in Unzu e, Navarre, Spain. Chronocultural andarchaeobiological analyses revealedfive different occupationphases (Artusia IeV) within the regional Mesolithic timeline, specifically in the Mesolithic of Notches and Denticulates (Artusia I and II) and theGeometricMesolithic (Artusia III, IV, andV). In addition, the studyof the sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental evolution in the entire record helped to clearly define several climatic events which developed around 6550 cal BCe8500 cal BP and 6250 cal BCe8200 cal BP. Here, we present a description of these events and their (pre)historical interpretation with the aim of recognizing how they influenced the Mesolithic hunteregatherer groups living in the Ebro Basin of the Iberian Peninsula. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. Lydia Zapata, in memoriam


In this paper a comparison is made of the organization of the retail firms in four European countries: France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. Verification is provided that the differences in organization are much more important than the structural differences in Europe, and there is explanation of why there are different models of retail firms in different countries.


To celebrate twenty-five years of the conference on "Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology", the conference held at Birmingham in the spring of 1997 included a section on this topic. Irwin Scollar was invited to give the keynote address, which is included here: Irwin Scollar "25 Years of Computer Applications in Archaeology". This was followed by a short statement by the founder of the conference: Susan Laflin "Twenty-five Years of CAA: a Personal View".


Aqueous foams dispersions of a gas into a liquid containing surfactant molecules are common in our everyday life: in cosmetics, food products, detergency, light-weight materials. They are also important in many industrial processes (flotation, oil recovery, firefighting, paper...) [1-3]. Indeed, aqueous foams have very intriguing properties: for instance, though made simply of gas and liquid, one can hold them in hands, where they behave like solids (think about shaving cream, or chocolate mousse...). The solid character is related to the fact that the foam bubbles are tightly packed, deformed and jammed, so that they cannot move by themselves. As for many other foam properties, the mechanical behavior strongly depends on the amount of compaction of the gas bubbles, and thus in the amount of liquid inside the foam (characterized by the foam liquid fraction ε = V liquid / V foam ) [1-3]. Elucidating completely the physics of foams requires to know and to understand the properties of foams at any liquid fractions (from the very "dry" to the very "wet" limit). However, the study of wet foams remains almost impossible on ground due to gravity effects (gravitational drainage): as liquid and gas naturally separate, the liquid initially distributed inside the foam flows downward through it, and leaks out at the bottom, thus always transforming a wet foam into a dry one [16]. Moreover, experiments show that the higher the initial liquid fraction, the faster the drainage, so that wet foams evolve extremely fast on Earth. Beside drainage, other effects naturally occur in foams: coarsening due to gas diffusion between bubbles, bubble coalescence, or film rupturing. Due to all these effects, a foam irreversibly evolves with time (it "ages"), and understanding this aging is crucial for all the applications. On ground, the difficulty to understand these different processes, which all depend on the foam liquid fraction, resides in the fact that they are all coupled via the gravitational drainage, which irreversibly modifies this liquid fraction with time, making the analysis of ground measurements rather complicated. Only microgravity conditions offer the opportunity to study the properties of wet foams, meaning that it can allow us to study foams at any constant and homogeneous liquid fractions


The environment after the nuclear power accident is complex, and it is difficult for rescue workers to enter the accident area safely and effectively rescue the survivors. The robot can replace the rescue workers to complete the rescue work efficiently. On this basis, a task allocation method for emergency multi-robot after nuclear power accident is proposed. First, according to the position and time window constraints of the task, a task sequencing method is proposed, and the inferior solution is eliminated according to the robot's ability constraints when generating the initial solution, so as to reduce the computational complexity. Then, considering that the task and robot number are nominal variables and discrete, a particle swarm optimization iteration method based on roulette wheel is used to solve the task assignment problem based on grouping. The experimental results show that this method can effectively shorten the rescue path and speed up the generation of task assignment scheme.


Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d (335 aa, ~38 kDa) is encoded by the human CD1D gene. This protein is involved in lipid antigen presentation.


ABSTRACTCandidate?s Names: John AgomuoDegree Title: PhDThesis Title: Excitation And Photoionization Of Laser-Cooled Atoms In The AC Driven Magneto-Optical Trap (AC-MOT), Using Resonant And Non-Resonant Radiation.Date: 19/12/2014Results of experiments involving the manipulation of atoms using laser radiation are presented. A high-density trap of potassium atoms was created using an AC-driven magneto-optical trap (AC-MOT), loaded from a Zeeman-slowed atomic beam. The AC-MOT was operated in a pulsed mode, with a trapping laser that was detuned by -4?, where ? is the natural line-width of the trapping transition. Under these conditions, the AC-MOT trapped an average of 3.63�0.02�?10?^8 atoms, which were cooled to a mean temperature of 275?K�33?K.Using the AC-MOT, the absolute photoionization cross-section of cold potassium atoms was determined using ionizing laser radiation at 450.4 nm obtained from a high-power diode laser. The measured photoionization cross-section from the 42P3/2 excited state was obtained by measuring the loss rate and the lifetime of the AC-MOT during the loading and decay processes. Using these methods, the cross section was determined to be 1.49�0.13 Mb, and 2.38�0.18 Mb respectively. Precise energy levels of high-n Rydberg states of potassium have also been measured using stepwise-excitation of the trapped atoms, with the intermediate state being the 42P1/2 state that was excited by resonant laser radiation at 389,286,368.12 MHz. Excitation from the 42P1/2 state to the n^2 S_(1/2) states was carried out using blue radiation from a dye laser, for transitions to Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers ranging from n = 18 to ~200. For excitation to the n^2 D_(3/2) states, transitions up to Rydberg states with n ranging from 18 to 167 were studied. Due to the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms, the measured energy levels deviated from their predicted theoretical values at high principal quantum numbers (n?130 for the S-states, and n?100 for the D-states). For principal quantum numbers greater than these values, the spectral lines were found to both broaden and shift in energy, and new features in the Rydberg spectra were observed. These new features have been attributed to the dipole-forbidden n2P1/2 and n2P3/2 states, which cannot be excited directly by the laser. These states must hence be excited due to interplay between the highly excited Rydberg atoms that is occurring due to their large effective size and close proximity in the AC-MOT.


Summary In the face of increasingly abundant nonnative flora in the Bay Area, we wanted to determine what kind of an impact these trends might have on local bird populations. We analyzed photographic data of 26 breeding waterbird colonies around the San Francisco Bay Area to link colonies of Black-crowned Night-Herons, Great Egrets, Snowy Egrets, and Great Blue Herons with the tree species they nested in. Ultimately, we found that trees of the genus Eucalyptus are increasingly replacing native species as the most commonly used trees in breeding waterbird colonies, accounting for 43.64% of all pairings between bird and plant species studied.


earthquakes are occurred in resistive layer (depth at 5-15 km). The cut-off depth of the crustal earthquakes becomes shallow toward the crater of the Unzen volcano, and it is coincident with the upper boundary of cone-shaped low-velocity zone. These results indicate that the crustal seismogenic layer in volcanic area is contolled by the geothermal regime.


Contrast enhancement plays a fundamental role in image processing. Many histogram-based techniques are widely used for contrast enhancement of given images, due to their simple function and effectiveness. However, the conventional histogram equalization (HE) methods result in excessive contrast enhancement, which causes natural looking and satisfactory results for a variety of low contrast images. To solve such problems, a novel multi-histogram equalization technique is proposed to enhance the contrast of the palm bone X-ray radiographs in this paper. For images, the mean-variance analysis method is employed to partition the histogram of the original grey scale image into multiple sub-histograms. These histograms are independently equalized. By using this mean-variance partition method, a proposed multi-histogram equalization technique is employed to achieve the contrast enhancement of the palm bone X-ray radiographs. Experimental results show that the multi-histogram equalization technique achieves a lower average absolute mean brightness error (AMBE) value. The multi-histogram equalization technique simultaneously preserved the mean brightness and enhanced the local contrast of the original image.


This paper describes our SeemGo system for the task of Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis in SemEval-2014. The subtask of aspect term extraction is cast as a sequence labeling problem modeled with Conditional Random Fields that obtains the F-score of 0.683 for Laptops and 0.791 for Restaurants by exploiting both word-based features and context features. The other three subtasks are solved by the Maximum Entropy model, with the occurrence counts of unigram and bigram words of each sentence as features. The subtask of aspect category detection obtains the best result when applying the Boosting method on the Maximum Entropy model, with the precision of 0.869 for Restaurants. The Maximum Entropy model also shows good performance in the subtasks of both aspect term and aspect category polarity classification.


Based on the background of the Line F2-3 interval tunnel section of Jiujiawan in Urumqi Subway Line 1, this paper carries out the model test research on the antibreaking technology of the reducing dislocation layer in the tunnel section of the stick-slip fracture. The antibreaking effect of different locations and number of reducing dislocation layers in tunnel engineering is analyzed in this paper. The results show that when the double reducing dislocation layer, respectively, set between the surrounding rock and the primary support, and the primary support and the secondary lining, the antibreaking effect is the best. It is recommended to use this scheme for antibreaking design. The research results can provide reference for antibreaking design of traffic tunnels in active fault zones.


Research on potato late blight forecasting in Cuba was initiated by Mayea et al. (9) when they evaluated the Beaumont, Hyre and Wallin models (1,8,12) from 1971 to 1974 in the Remedios and Santa Clara municipalities in the province of Villa Clara, situated in the central part of the island. Their results indicated that rain was the most important factor for disease development and that a method using rain and temperature was most convenient for disease forecasting in Cuba.


A continuous 5-sequential completely mixed reactors system was developed to
anaerobically digest liquid dairy manure with different organic strength. Within the range of
experimental conditions, i.e., influent organic strength (10 to 30 g/L of COD and 0.8% to
2.7% of total solid) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (0.33 to 15 day), the total amount of
biogas and the proportion of methane produced from the first reactor were always at the
highest levels, and then decreased with sequential reactors. The liquid pH of all the reactors
was maintained at a neutral range (7.2-7.7) with an alkalinity ranging from 3.5 to 4 g
CaCO3/L. The profiles of biogas production and liquid pH with the sequential reactors
suggested that the two-stage anaerobic digestion process (i.e., acidogenesis reactor
produces less biogas with an acidic pH, while the methanogenesis reactor produces more
biogas with a neutral pH) could not be implemented by the system developed in this work.
The reason was attributed to: (1) the alkalinity of the reactor liquid were at a high level which
maintained a neutral liquid pH; and (2) the manure influent contained certain amount of volatile fatty acids (especially acetate), which supplied to the first reactor for the
methanogens to produce more biogas than the following reactors. The sequential reactors
system was also designed in such a way that the anaerobic digestion performance at
different HRT levels could be investigated at a given influent feeding rate and reactor
working volume. Between HRT ranging from 0.33 day to 15 day, the specific biogas
production rate decreased, while COD and solid removal percentage increased with HRT. It
was found that at a specific HRT level, the anaerobic digestion performances (biogas
production, COD, TS/VS reduction) of a sequential-reactors combination (approximated as a
plug-flow type reactor) were similar to those of a single completely mixed reactor.


Dysphagia with aspiration is prevalent in acute stroke; however, noninvasive clinical screening assessments to identify patients at risk of developing aspiration are limited. This study was underta...


This paper argues the need for considering mitigating circumstances in cybercrime. Mitigating circumstances are conditions which moderate the culpability of an offender of a committed offence. Our argument is based on several observations. The cyberspace introduces a new family of communication and interaction styles and designs which could facilitate, make available, deceive, and in some cases persuade, a user to commit an offence. User's lack of awareness could be a valid mitigation when using software features introduced without a proper management of change and enough precautionary mechanisms, e.g. warning messages. The cyber behaviour of users may not be necessarily a reflection of their real character and intention. Their irrational and unconscious actions may result from their immersed and prolonged presence in a particular cyber context. Hence, the consideration of the cyberspace design, the "cyber psychological" status of an offender and their inter-relation could form a new family of mitigating circumstances inherent and unique to cybercrime. This paper elaborates on this initial argument from different perspectives including software engineering, cyber psychology, digital forensics, social responsibility and law.


I analyze the relationship between the age of firm founders and their firms' innovation outcomes. I theorize that older founders have a lower propensity to introduce process innovations and a highe...


By analyzing the employment of Liaoning Province,the paper explains the reason that the employ-ment pressure occurs from three aspects include lay-off workers,immigrant workers and college graduates.According to the characteristics and the human resources of Liaoning Province,the authors propose the solutions and countermeasures.


The silator is a vacuum bubble resonator element which is used as a noise control device and has a low‐frequency performance. It consists of an evacuated, lens‐shaped, convex cap of sheet metal. The capsule volume can be made as small as desired, since, because of the vacuum inside, there is no air stiffness. The effect of a silator is comparable to that of a Helmholtz resonator, but only a hundredth of the latter's installation volume is needed. Broadband noise control can be achieved by a set of silators tuned to different frequencies. The principles of this silator technology in aeroacoustics were established by Bschorr and Laudien in 1992. The resonant characteristics of such a device are very sensitive to its geometrical properties. The plasticity of the material, the metal forming, and the remaining stresses in the convex cap also influence its effectiveness. The major development problem lies in the extremely small manufacturing tolerances. The tolerances decrease with increasing size and frequency...


A multistate system is a system in which both the system and its components may exhibit multiple performance levels (or states) varying from perfect operation to complete failure. Examples abound in real applications such as communication networks and computer systems. Analyzing the probability of the system being in each state is essential to the design and tuning of dependable multistate systems. The difficulty in analysis arises from the non-binary state property of the system and its components as well as dependence among those multiple states. This paper proposes a new model called multistate multivalued decision diagrams (MMDD) for the analysis of multistate systems with multistate components. The computational complexity of the MMDD-based approach is low due to the nature of the decision diagrams. An example is analyzed to illustrate the application and advantages of the approach.


Thalictrum is an important plant genus that is widely used in traditional medicine. In this review considerable attention has been given to triterpenoid saponins in connection with their specific distribution in the Thalictrum genus and with their biological activity. All other non-alkaloid compounds isolated from the Thalictrum genus are also reviewed; these metabolites are discussed in relation to their structural features and to their role in the plants.


The article considers the most relevant and important advantages of participation of countries in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), as one of the largest modern organizations in Central Asia. The article analyzes the spheres of interests of the SCO founding countries: Russia and China, their diff erences and contradictions, as well as the problems of economic interaction within the organization that result from this. Based on the speech of the SCO General Secretary Vladimir Norov, which took place on January 15, 2020, conclusions were made on the prospects for further cooperation of the SCO members.


Edible flower is a flower that is safe for consumption both in fresh and processed form. In fresh form, edible flowers are used as garnishes or food decorations and a unique flavor enhancer. Kenikir (Cosmos sulphureus) is one of the edible flowers that are safe for consumption in fresh form. However, in fresh condition, flowers are easily damaged so that their market share is limited. Coating using aloe vera, which can hold moisture while having antimicrobial properties, is a method to maintain flower freshness. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of aloe vera coating application to maintain the quality of kenikir as a fresh edible flower. The experimental design used was a two-factor completely randomized design with the first factor being the concentration of aloe vera flour (0.5% and 1%) and the second factor being spray frequency (1 application and 2 applications). Quality parameters measured during storage were respiration rate, weight loss, moisture content, and color. The results showed that the coating with the L2S2 formulation (1% aloe vera flour concentration with 2 applications) was the best treatment with a weight loss value of 7.3%, water content 82.57%, respiration rate 898.99 ml kg-1 hour-1, and has the highest brightness value. Based on these parameters, the L2S2 treatment could maintain the quality of kenikir as fresh edible flowers for up to 5 days compared to the control, which lasted 2 days at 10°C storage temperature.

Keywords: aloe vera powder, coat spraying, Cosmos sulphureus, edible flower, kenikir flower


Creating a legacy is something few can accomplish. Former Editor-in-Chief of Pediatrics Dr Jerold F. (Jerry) Lucey, MD, FAAP, did so most admirably. Sadly, on December 10, 2017, Jerry Lucey died in Sarasota, Florida. With his passing, we lost a champion who led our journal for three-and-a-half decades. Jerry's influence on all of us fortunate to know him and work with him is apparent in every issue we publish.

Jerry Lucey grew up in Holyoke, Massachusetts, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1948, and received his doctor of medicine degree at New York University College of Medicine in 1952. He did his internship at Bellevue Hospital and residency at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, and conducted research in newborn jaundice there and then at Harvard Medical School, triggering the start of his career as a neonatologist before formal fellowships existed in the field.

Jerry joined the faculty of the University of Vermont College of Medicine (now the University of Vermont Robert Larner, MD, College of Medicine) in 1956, rose to the rank of professor in 1967, and was named the Harry Wallace Professor of Neonatology in 1995. He was an active member of the department until his retirement in 2009, when he was named professor emeritus. His contributions …

Address correspondence to Lewis R. First, MD, MS, University of Vermont Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Courtyard S250, Burlington, VT 05405-0068. E-mail: lewis.first{at}med.uvm.edu


1 Abstract— PID controller is a well known controller which is used in most control applications. Around 90% control applications use PID controller as the controlling element. The tuning of PID controller is mostly done using Zeigler-Nichols tuning method. But there are some inherent drawbacks of Ziegler-Nichols based tuning. For the optimal tuning of controller, the tuned values have to be changed using computer simulation to meet the process needs. In PID controller the derivative and the integral order are in integer. Fractional order PID (FOPID) is a special kind of PID controller whose derivative and integral order are fractional rather than integer. The key challenge of designing FOPID controller is to determine the two key parameters λ (integral order) and μ (derivative order) apart from the usual tuning parameters of PID using different tuning methods. Both λ and μ are in fraction which increases the robustness of the system and gives an optimal control. This paper proposes a novel tuning method for tuning λ and μ of FOPID using genetic algorithms.


The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, and health literacy is an important goal of any program of health care. The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge of the population in Brazil about CKD and the ways of prevention, as well as the use of novel technologies to achieve knowledge and get awareness on CKD.

 This is a population-based study conducted in two large urban centers in Northeast Brazil (Fortaleza city, Ceara, and Maceio city, Alagoas). We have applied a questionnaire with questions regarding the knowledge about CKD, its preventive measures, causes, and ways of diagnose (for example, what is "creatinine"?). We have also investigated the use of novel technologies, focused on applications (apps) to achieve information related to health (if the interviewed) already uses to get health information through apps and if they would like to. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Exclusion criteria were: people from the healthcare sector (because they would already have specialized knowledge about CKD, and we aimed to know what the general population know about CKD), people with CKD, other kidney diseases or medical conditions that could lead to the knowledge about CKD.

 A total of 1,147 individuals were interviewed, with a mean age of 38.7±16.0 years, and 621 (54.1%) were female. Regarding the questions about the knowledge about CKD ("Do you know what is chronic kidney disease?"), 442 (38.5%) was found to answer yes. When asked if they know what is creatinine, only 176 (15.3%) said yes. In relation to the risk factors for CKD, 466 (40.6%) answered to know which factors were associated with increased risk for CKD, and 587 (51.1%) said to know how to prevent CKD. Another question was about the use of applications (app) to healthcare, and 358 individuals (31.2%) said to use some type of app to take care of their health. We have also questioned if the interviewed would use applications to get information regarding CKD, and 773 (67.3%) said yes, they would like to.

 CKD is a Public Health problem in Brazil, with huge costs to the health system. Prevention is the key determinant to decrease the disease burden to everyone, people, society and healthcare players. Awareness of CKD seem to be slowly increasing in our country, once a significant percentage of interviewed said to know the ways of prevention, but it is still far from ideal. Technology seem to be an interesting solution to achieve our goals in terms of prevention and treatment of CKD.


D/H ratios and amounts of the water extracted from hornblende, biotite, muscovite and volcanic glass by step-wise heating under vacuum were measured and the D/H fractionation factors between released and remaining water in each step were calculated by the Rayleigh distillation model. Most of the dehydration of the hydrous silicates took place at temperatures higher than 700°C, while most of the water in dacitic glasses was released at temperatures lower than 600°C. The fractionation factors for the minerals were much less than unity, i.e., the remaining water is enriched in deuterium. The isotopic fractionation pattern of higher temperature fractions for the hydrous silicates could be represented by a single α value. The values for the glasses were quite close to unity and in the higher temperature fractions they are commonly larger than unity.


Background: The main objective of the study was to access the nutritional status and dietary practice of elderly population living in community dwelling and old age home of Tanahun district, Nepal.
Methods: Community-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Tanahun district. The Mini-Nutritional Assessment tool was used to investigate the nutritional status and dietary practices. It was identified by using weekly food consumption and 24 hours dietary recall questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-Data (version 3.1) and analyzed by SPSS (version 20).
Result: Among 202 respondents (101 each from community dwellings and old age home), 44.5% were at risk of malnutrition, 5.9% were malnourished and 49.5% had normal nutrition status in community dwelling. Similarly, 55.4% were at risk of malnutrition, 17.8% were malnourished and 26.7% had normal nutrition status in old age home. In both settings, consumption of protein is low and consumption of vegetables is high. There was a significant association between socio-demographic variables such as living settings, age and education with nutritional status of elderly population. Age (AOR =0.0.186, p= 0.01) and education (AOR = 5.419, p= 0.006) shows significant association with nutritional status.
Conclusion: Overall half of them were at risk of malnutrition in both settings due to poor dietary practices, loss of appetite, weight loss, morbidity, neuropsychological problems among senior people. Cardinal focus should be given to improve the consumption of protein in dietary practices. Further longitudinal research studies should be conducted to determine factor associated with malnutrition to prevent malnutrition at regional and national level.


10 A CONSIDERABLE EXTENT, most of the nations of the Western world are concerned with the same legal-philosophical problems. The debate that took place in the last generations in the Scandinavian countries, to my mind, may be of interest also outside the confines of this area. This has involved the methodological problems as well as the now current discussion of the logical character of law and legal thinking. In both these areas, there are, in the Scandinavian countries, problematic issues and tendencies which have interesting parallels in American legal philosophy. The principles of legal thinking-the methodological rules of legal science-in most presentations are regarded as normative-that is, as directives for correct legal reasoning. So it is everywhere. In Swedish national law, there even is a constitutional provision which gives such a directive for the legal interpretation of the Constitution. It is provided in the Swedish Form of Government of 1809, 84, that "The Constitutional Laws ought, in all cases, to be literally applied." Even the axioms of the legal publicists stating the principles for interpreting and applying the laws and the Constitution, have, according to their intention, such a normative or guiding character. In the short summary of the developments in legal methods and teachings in Scandinavia which I shall give first, I do not intend to argue for one legal methodology or another. I shall confine myself to pointing out the tendencies that in reality have asserted themselves, and the alterations which have taken place in legal theory during recent generations, in the Scandinavian countries. The so-called Historical School in the science of law had its revival in Germany in the first half of the 19th century as a reaction against the natural rights way of reasoning. It was characteristic of the Historical School in Germany, as is wellknown, that attention was fastened on the historically determined,


A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on a prepared 3D paper device was designed for the sensitive detection of a tumor marker in human serum by using CdTe quantum dot coated carbon microspheres (QD@CMs) as bionanolabels. To construct such an ECL immunosensor, gold–silver nanocomposite-functionalized graphene was prepared and used as a sensing platform, which increased the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies as well as improving the electronic transmission rate. With the employment of the as-prepared QD@CMs as bionanolabels, a good ECL performance (excellent precision and sensitivity) was exhibited through a sandwich-type immunoassay. To examine the signal amplification of the immunoassay, the analytical properties of various immunosensor platforms and labels were compared in detail. As a proof-of-concept, cancer antigen 125 was used as a model analyte and satisfactory results were obtained. Therefore, the proposed method provides a new promising platform for clinical immunoassays of other biomolecules.


Abstract THE ability to methylate homocystine to form methionine has been reported for the chick (Jukes et al., 1950Jukes et al., 1951Jukes et al., 1952; Patrick, 1952) and for the rat (Bennett, 1950; Stekol and Weiss, 1950). These workers have further reported that vitamin B12 enhances this conversion. Vitamin B12 has been shown to influence the response to choline in the case of chicks (Gillis and Norris, 1951; Briggs et al., 1950; Schaeffer et al., 1949) and also in the case of rats (Stekol and Weiss, 1950; Bennett et al., 1951). Abbott and DeMasters (1940) and Lucas et al. (1946) have reported a need for choline in the diet of the mature fowl. It has been suggested that choline can be synthesized by the mature fowl (Lucas et al., 1946; Ringrose and Davis, 1946). The latter workers also observed an apparent need for methionine in the diet to serve as a source of labile methyl …