This article introduces Range Lab, a simple tool to validate the accuracy of floating-point or fixed-point computations. Given intervals for the inputs, Range Lab computes the range of the outputs of simple functions with conditionals and loops as well as a range for the round off errors arising during the computation. Hence the user not only obtains the range of the result of the computation in the computer arithmetic but also a bound on the difference between the computer result and the result in infinite precision. Range Lab is based on static analysis by abstract interpretation and, in this article, we describe the techniques implemented in the tool. In particular, Range Lab uses a hybrid numerical-formal evaluation technique used to limit the wrapping effect in interval computations.


We constructed an olfactometer that differentiates and quantifies attraction, inhibition, and repellency to mosquitoes. Using this device, 22 formulations of various chemicals on gauze pads and 8 dilutions of DEET on skin were tested. Four novel formulations were discovered acting as true repellents, whereas DEET did not act as a true repellent but as an inhibitor.


PURPOSE: To produce sodium perborate monohydrate with high abrasion resistance by dehydrating sodium perborate tetrahydrate in a fluid bed which can be integrated into a fluid bed drier such as a trough type drier and being commonly used in the industry without any problem, with heated air heated is the fluid bed and, in addition, more energetically advantageously compared with the conventional method. CONSTITUTION: Sodium perborate monohydrate is produced by dehydrating sodium perborate tetrahydrate in a fluid bed with heated air. In this case, contact surfaces are arranged inside the fluid bed whose total area is 1-500 times the area of the approach-flow bottom of the fluid bed, in the case of setting the temp. of the air entering into the fluid bed at 80-220°C and the temp. of the fluid bed at 40-90°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


The utility model relates to a wireless transient strain storage test system, especially a wireless transient strain storage test system used for outfield blast impact tests, belonging to the technical field of signal detection. The system comprises a control center node and one or more testing nodes, wherein each of the testing nodes is composed of a stain foil, a storage testing module and a first wireless transmission module; and the control center node is composed of a second wireless transmission module and a computer interface module. By adopting the wireless technology, the wireless transient strain storage test system can eliminate a resistance error of a long lead wire, reduce the effect of ambient temperature and humidity on the long lead wire, reduce the interference of an impact wave and an ionization field to the lead wire in an explosive reaction in an outfield test, and improve the testing reliability; the testing nodes are convenient to increase and decrease, not limited by a lead; strain data acquisition is more convenient and faster, not needing to construct or find an instrument shielding place, and not needing to lay testing cables on site, thus saving manpower and material resources.


The invention provides a vibration correction control circuit and an imaging device having the same thereon. In a vibration correction control circuit mounted on an image pickup apparatus including an image pickup unit, provided with lenses, image pickup devices and vibration detecting element, and a driver element for adjusting the position of the image pickup unit, the equalizer generates a drive signal used to move the image pickup unit in a direction along which to reduce the vibration applied to the image pickup unit, based on the output signal of the vibration detecting element. A verifying-signal input circuit supplies a dummy vibration-component signal to the equalizer. The action verification of the imaging device with imaging pickup unit loaded with the lenses, the image pickup devices and the vibration detecting elements is simply performed.


Conventional static and dynamic testing techniques quickly break down if they are applied to distributed systems software. The bugs in such systems are usually triggered by irreproducible event sequences that can make debugging a nightmare. There are still tools that can help a programmer build a reliable system. One of the most popular such tools is the SPIN model checker. This article explains how this tool works, and what types of errors it can help you find.


The sections in this article are

Introduction
Principle of Time-Resolved Step-Scan FT Measurements and Instrumental Considerations
Quantities to be Measured
Aspects of Detector Performance
Signal Fluctuations
Mirror Fluctuations and Refractive Index Fluctuations
Studies of Slow-Cycling Systems and Irreversible Reactions
Summary


Born in London, 24 August 1927; wife Bobbie, 3 children, 7 grandchildren. Qualifications: MB, BS (Physiology Gold Medal, Lond. 1951), PhD (Lond. 1956), MRCP (Lond. 1959), FRCP (Lond. 1968). Posts held: Internist London hospitals (1951–1953); physiologist (1953–1956) University College London; Internist/clinical researcher Royal Postgrad School of Medicine (1958–1959); Lecturer in Medicine Welsh National School of Medicine (1959– 1962) general medicine and endocrinology; Senior Lecturer Institute of Dermatology (1962–1964); Professor of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (1964–1992). Emeritus Professor of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne 1992 – until death, date not yet confirmed. Past member chairman of boards and councils of many learned societies and government committees, including Board of Medical Research Council and Chairman of Grants Committee, Member Advisory Committee to Chief Scientist, Department of Health and Social Security, Member of Council of Royal College of Physicians; Founder member and past President of ESDR; founder member of BSID, hon member of many international societies. Recipient of Archibald Gray, ParkesWeber and other medals and distinctions. Writings and talking's: Frequent lecturer with many named lectures; radio and television broadcasting; writing for the lay magazines and press on both clinical and general matters; several textbooks of dermatology and skin pharmacology and many book chapters; over 500 peer-refereed papers including Nature, Lancet, BMJ and dermatology journals, with top citations and reader interest; a similar number of publications on a variety of topics in various journals and newspapers, and a series of comic articles in World Medicine (and other journals) that many consider an improvement on my science publications. Research interests: Skin physiology and pharmacology, methods of biological measurement, disease definition and treatment, with a number of discoveries (some of sufficient quality to merit plagiarism by others), such as the coeliac syndrome of dermatitis herpetiformis, the endocrine control of the sebaceous glands (rat, gerbil, human), including the pheromonal role of MSH and sex hormones; cutaneous gene expression by hormones in early life (a forerunner of epigenetics); the fungal nature of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis; introduction the new, and now widely used, measurement of itch as scratch; the first definition of the widespread systemic effects of skin disease (including the first quantitative measurement of its effect on self-image and the psyche); the accurate measurement of total skin collagen when expressed per surface area, and the effect of aging and hormones; quantification of patch test and wheal response; studies which exposed the UV-melanoma myth (alas, the exposure failed, and the myth is still rampant); and much etc and etc including the mechanism of fingerprint maintenance. I should stop there, before the list extends beyond credibility; but I have to admit, with a degree of shame, that I continue to publish (this year the discovery and definition of the behavioural defect which explains Meursault, the central character in Camus's great novel, L' etranger, and its surprising observational source and consequences), but with decreasing frequency and increasing triviality. 2 What brought you to dermatology? I was as an academic physician researching pituitary-adrenal function, when a chance observation on one of my patients led The Pioneers in Dermatology and Venereology interview was conceived and conducted by Johannes Ring.


As the popularity of adblocking has soared over the last few years, publishers are increasingly deploying anti-adblocking paywalls that ask users to either disable their adblockers or pay to access content. In this work we propose ShadowBlock, a new Chromium-based adblocking browser that can hide traces of adblocking activities from anti-adblockers as it removes ads from web pages. To bypass anti-adblocking paywalls, ShadowBlock takes advantage of existing filter lists used by adblockers and hides all ad elements stealthily in such a way that anti-adblocking scripts cannot detect any tampering of the ads (e.g., absence of ad elements). Specifically, ShadowBlock introduces lightweight hooks in Chromium to ensure that DOM states queried by anti-adblocking scripts are exactly as if adblocking is not employed. We implement a fully working prototype by modifying Chromium which shows great promise in terms of adblocking effectiveness and anti-adblocking circumvention but also more efficient than the state-of-the-art adblocking browser extensions. Our evaluation on Alexa top-1K websites shows that ShadowBlock successfully blocks 98.3% of all visible ads while only causing minor breakage on less than 0.6% of the websites. Most importantly, ShadowBlock is able to bypass anti-adblocking paywalls on more than 200 websites that deploy visible anti-adblocking paywalls with a 100% success rate. Our performance evaluation further shows that ShadowBlock loads pages as fast as the state-of-the-art adblocking browser extension on average.


Summary: Radioprotection by a water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP) was investigated in the whole - body irradiated (WB/) CBA mice byy source. Protective effect was evaluated by colony forming efficacy, survival of mice and the levels of intracellular glutathione. Given perorally (po) 50 mg/kg to micefor 20 consecutive days WSDP prolonged the survival time of WBI mice with 5 - 9 Gy, The number ofeither endogenous or exogenous colonyforming units in the spleen (CFUs) wasgreater in WSDP - treated mice as compared to control. Using the exogenous CFUs assay, it wasfound that CFUsfrom the spleen ofmice treated with WSDP were more resistant to irradiation than the CFUs from the spleen of normal mice; the difference between surviving fraction ofspleen CFUs from WSDP - treated and untreated mice was significant «0.05 and <0.01). The radioprotective effect ofpropolis seems to be at least partially mediated by its effect on production of glutathione in hematopoietic tissue.


Resistance to cell death and activation of invasion-metastasis cascade are two of the hallmarks of cancer. In the first part of this thesis, I focus on the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, a form of cell death that has profound impacts on tumor suppression. I identify eIF3k as a novel regulator of apoptosis in simple epithelial cells. Despite being identified as a component of the eIF3 complex, a large portion of eIF3k is present in the keratin 8 and 18 (collectively called K8/K18) intermediate filaments through its physical association with K18. Upon induction of apoptosis, eIF3k colocalizes with K8/K18 in the cytoplasmic inclusions. Depletion of eIF3k de-sensitizes simple epithelial cells to various types of apoptosis through a K8/K18-dependent manner. Mechanistically, this attenuation of apoptosis is due to the retention of active caspase 3 in K8/K18-containing cytoplasmic inclusions by increasing its binding to keratins. Consequently, the cleavage of caspase cytosolic and nuclear substrates, such as ICAD and PARP, respectively, is reduced in eIF3k-depleted cells. Hence, this study identifies an apoptosis-promoting function of eIF3k in simple epithelial cells by relieving the caspase-sequestration effect of K8/K18, thereby increasing the availability of caspases to their non-keratin-residing substrates. The aim of the second part of this thesis is to unravel the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in metastasis process of colorectal cancer (CRC). I identify miR-103 and miR-107 (miR-103/107) as potential metastamirs in CRC. First, miR-103/107 expression correlates with metastatic potential of CRC cell line. Second, miR-103/107 protentiate a number of metastasis-relevant traits in vitro, such as increasing motility and cell-matrix adhesion and suppressing cell-cell contact assembly. These functions are mediated at least in part by the repression of two metastasis suppressors, death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Importantly, miR-103-1 and miR-107 are transcriptional targets of HIF-1 and their repression of DAPK and KLF4 mediates hypoxia-induced migration and invasion. In orthotopic CRC model, overexpression of miR-103/107 potentiates CRC metastasis and this effect is blocked by re-expression of DAPK or KLF4. These data indicate that miR-103/107 coordinately repress DAPK and KLF4 to potentiate CRC metastasis and this regulatory scheme contributes in part to hypoxia-stimulated tumor metastasis. In conclusion, the uncovering of eIF3k apoptotic function and miR-103/107 metastatic effect would shed light on the tumor progression mechanism.


: Hydrogen maser, as a precise time-keeping and punctual instrument, plays an important role in scientific research and engineering application. However, at present, hydrogen maser in China still have problems such as equipment failure and poor reliability. In order to simplify the troubleshooting process for technicians and improve maintenance efficiency, This article proposes a method that uses machine learning to take hydrogen maser historical data as training samples, combines DBSCAN and artificial neural network algorithms to obtain a clock diagnostic model, thereby greatly simplifying the troubleshooting process. The trained model was deployed on the embedded system in the experiment, then real-time prediction result was given to the technical staff as a reference, which confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.


In this paper we present a Markov Logic Network for Semantic Role Labelling that jointly performs predicate identification, frame disambiguation, argument identification and argument classification for all predicates in a sentence. Empirically we find that our approach is competitive: our best model would appear on par with the best entry in the CoNLL 2008 shared task open track, and at the 4th place of the closed track---right behind the systems that use significantly better parsers to generate their input features. Moreover, we observe that by fully capturing the complete SRL pipeline in a single probabilistic model we can achieve significant improvements over more isolated systems, in particular for out-of-domain data. Finally, we show that despite the joint approach, our system is still efficient.


Revenues from ecotourism or nature-based tourism in 1988 were estimated as one-fourth the total of some $55 billion earned from tourism in developing countries.' Ecotourism provides substantial flow?; of hard currcncics to several economies of the developing ', ' I world.' Nature-based tourism activities vary widely. Here. we emphasize activities which feature natural ecosystems as the primary attraction for tourism.' Countries need to develop ecotourism with caution. A country can sink a great deal of resources into such development and facilities without recovering its investment and with a number of negative consequences. We argue that before a country begins to dcvclop and expand nature-based tourism, it needs an appropriate set of policies to avoid unintended negative consequences and achieve positive impacts. An appropriate policy framework for ecotourism development should include policies in three areas:. National SUDDOI-~ and advance planning means developing national policy and support for a particular type of nature-based tourism program, generally with a specific theme. This includes creating a framework of laws and infrastructure that safeguard the nation's natural treasures and the interests of its people.. PricinP and revenue Dolicies means developing pricing and revenue policies that have explicit objectives. procedures for setting fees. and reinvestment of revenues.. Local DarticiDation and benefits policies should create net benefits for local people in and around the ecotourism sites. They should also include local people in sharing control of project planning and implementation.-visiting national parks in Malaysia-water rafting trips in Costa Rica-diving on coral reefs in Belize-visiling volcanoes in CosSRica-game viewing in E&&a-mountain climbing in-Tibet-jungle trips in the Amazon. ecology/nature study trips , to the Galapagos Islands-viewing of mountain gorillas in Rwanda. trekking in Nepal


The Archive is a central but paradoxical image in the work of the con temporary French artist Christian Boltanski (born 1944). Because Boltanski is obsessively concerned with the death-like rupture and loss by which experience is continuously reduced to fragmentary and inac curate memories of the past, especially regarding the adult's perception of childhood, archives represent for him a potential means of regaining access to what has been lost and is being mourned. However, Boltan ski's installation and performance works that investigate the powers of archives set out ironically the absurdly limited and misleading processes of an archive. Photography in particular is shown to be unreliable, more icon than document, challenging rather than asserting notions of cat egory and coherence. The notion of the icon, moreover, underlines the spiritual dimension that accompanies this absurdist relationship with the past. Our faulty but much-desired awareness of a past gives complex value to our present, often in a touching, pathetic way, however arbitrary the means involved. The trail of the archive leads to an uncertainty that is nonetheless precious. The many subjects that Boltanski treats in this light vary disarmingly and controversially from the trivia and detritus of everyday living to the supreme seriousness of the Holocaust. He also transforms himself and his family into a labyrinthine and playful archive. Here a curious relationship emerges with the reputation and books of his brother, the sociologist Luc Boltanski. Christian borrows with no explicit acknowledgement the archive resources of Luc's sociological research as a sub-text in his visual works. Even more surprisingly, Luc Boltanski published in 1993 HISTORY OF THE HUMAN SCIENCES Vol. 11 No. 4 © 1998 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi) [0952-6951(199811)11:4;121-140; 006612]Poème, a collection of highly emotive and personal poetry about the past and the Holocaust. The problems raised by Christian Boltanski and by Luc conflate the personal and historical dimensions of the Archive.


Social policy entails the provision of social welfare services by the government to the people. Laissez-faire and Fabianism are models of social policy which seek to explain how a policy of a state on the provision of social needs of the population should be. The Laissez-faire model advocates that social policy should exclude government intervention in the economic affairs of the country and emphasized on the private ownership of property and virtue of individualism. The Fabian model was a model which favoured gradual development of socialism by peaceful means rather than revolutionary change. It emphasized on government intervention, abolition of private property and the perfectibility of the welfare state in which the government provides for the basic needs of the population. This paper therefore attempts to focus on these two models of social policy. The paper examined the historical emergence of the models. The paper compared and contrasted the major theoretical postulates of the two models and looked at their possible shortcomings. The Laissez-faire model was found relevant in explaining Nigerian social policy and the Fabian model was found to be the best in addressing Nigerian social


In this essay, I will discuss a proposal by Bryan Garner to eliminate textual citations in documents submitted to courts and judicial opinions and instead use footnotes in these types of documents. After critiquing his proposal, I will present my own alternative to the current use of textual citations.


This paper contributes to a reappraisal of the sociological significance of the medical record. Building upon re-evaluations of the notion of 'representation' in ethnomethodological and science and technology studies, it attempts to portray the medical record as an artefact which mediates the social relations that act and work through it. Through practices of reading and writing, it is argued, the medical record figures as a fundamental, constitutive element of medical practice. To address some of the dimensions that are involved, three case fragments are discussed. The way the medical record enters into the process of 'medical decision making' in the doctor-patient interaction, and into that interaction itself, is discussed first. Subsequently, some aspects of how the record mediates medical work as it is performed in the wards of a hospital are outlined. A third instance of its prominent role demonstrates how practices of reading and writing tend to produce particular renderings of patients' histories - including notions of how medical work is structured.


Smartphone advertisement is increasingly used among many applications and allows developers to obtain revenue through in-app advertising. Our study aims at identifying potential security risks of a type of mobile advertisement where advertisers are charged for their advertisements only when a user clicks (or touches) on the advertisements in their applications. In the Android platform, we design an automated click generation attack and empirically evaluate eight popular advertising networks by performing real attacks on them. Our experimental results show that six advertising networks (75%) out of eight (Millennial Media, App Lovin, Ad Fit, Mdot M, Rev Mob and Cauly Ads) are vulnerable to our attacks. We also discuss how to develop effective defense mechanisms to mitigate such automated click fraud attacks.


Air transportation is one of the safest means of transport, but carrying out activities in the areaof aviation incident analysis still remains necessary. Proper assessment and analyses of incidentsmust be based on identification of hazards in the area. Safety hazards can occur in the airspace, onthe airport premises, and in the area of aircraft ground handling. The development of unmannedaircraft is also associated with the emergence of further safety hazards. Therefore, it is of greatimportance that available methods and tools be used to assess risks in each area. To this end, thereare a lot of available quantitative and qualitative methods for analysing air transport incidents. Animportant aspect is the analysis of aviation incidents, which can contribute to proactive measuresaimed at improving air transport safety. The paper presents selected aviation incident analysismethods and risk assessment tools.


A survey of 20 industrial alcoholism and counseling programs run by railroad corporations covering 58 variables was made by semi-structured interviews of program directors, union officials, and by questionnaires applied to individual clients. Descriptions of program policy, practices, penetration rates, success rates, relationships to discipline and client population parameters are given along with other topical areas. A factor analysis and intercorrelations between all variables measured are also displayed. Included is a comprehensive literature review on Industrial Alcoholism programs covering topics parallel to the survey.


The Mexican, Asian, and Russian crises of the mid- and late 1990s have renewed interest among policymakers in the determinants and effects of private capital inflows. This paper analyzes whether policies can affect the composition of capital inflows and whether different compositions aggravate crises. The results support the view that, while fundamentals matter, capital controls can affect the mix of capital inflows that countries receive. The results also show that during the Asian crisis, countries with more yen-denominated debt faired worse, while during the Mexican crisis larger short-term debt stocks increased the severity of the crisis.


Mobile source emissions estimation techniques play a critical role for regional planning and development of emission control strategies. The primary models for mobile source emissions estimation have been the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE model and the California Air Resources Board's EMFAC model. These models work well for large regional areas but are not as well suited for "microscale" evaluation. Over the last several years, the College of Engineering–Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) has been evaluating in-use, light-duty vehicles as part of NCHRP Project 25-11, resulting in the development of a Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM). An essential part of any model development process is validating the model. Various validation techniques have been applied to CMEM. This paper describes some of the latest validation work carried out in comparing CMEM results to independent emission testing results (independent in both vehicles and driving cycles). Further, CMEM has been compared with the latest versions of EMFAC and MOBILE. In general, compared with the independent emission measurements, CMEM predicts well. It has been found that CMEM is consistent with MOBILE and EMFAC at low to medium speeds. Greater deviations were found at very low speeds and very high speeds. At high speeds, CMEM tends to predict higher hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and lower oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. At the very low speeds, CMEM tends to predict lower than EMFAC and MOBILE for all emissions. These comparisons are part of an ongoing validation process for development of CMEM.


Background: Depression among elderly has been a neglected health issue. Various factors hinder its early diagnosis. The objectives of this study are to screen for depression among elderly using geriatric depression scale-15 and to determine its influencing factors.Methods: A community based cross sectional study on geriatric depression was done in villages catered by a primary health centre in Puducherry. Permanent residents of the study setting, aged ≥60 years consenting for the study were included. Line listing of elderly individuals in the study setting was done and subjects were selected by simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinic-psychological variables. Hindi mental state examination scale was used to screen for cognitive impairment (score <23). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to screen for depression (score >5) among geriatric individuals. Appropriate statistical tests of significance were done.Results: Among the 360 elderly individuals screened using GDS-15 tool, 41.4% of them were found to be at a higher risk of developing depression. Significant factors for risk of depression in univariate analysis include being female, illiterate, unemployed, widow/single, having sleep problems, dependency in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment. Predictors for risk of depression evident by multivariate analysis include presence of unemployment, sleep problems and cognitive impairment.Conclusions: A higher proportion of elderly was observed to be at risk of depression.  Primary care physicians may consider screening for depression in elderly with identified risk factors and act accordingly.


At least twenty human proteins can fold abnormally to form pathological deposits that are associated with several amyloid‐related diseases. We have investigated the effect of four magnetic fluids (MFs)—electrostatically stabilized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MF1) and sterically stabilized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles by sodium oleate (MF2, MF3 and MF4) with adsorbed BSA (MF2) or dextran (MF4)—on amyloid aggregation of two proteins, human insulin and chicken egg lysozyme. The morphology, particle size and size distribution of the prepared magnetic fluids were characterized. We have found that MFs are able to decrease amyloid aggregation of both studied proteins and the extent of depolymerization depended on the MF properties. The most effective reduction was observed for MF4 as 90% decrease of amyloids was detected for insulin and lysozyme amyloid aggregates. Our findings indicate that MFs have potential to be used for treatment of amyloid diseases.


[1] Using auroral TV data and particle precipitation data from low-altitude satellites, we identify the ionospheric signature of magnetotail dipolarizations and substorm injections measured in the near-Earth near-equatorial plasma sheet by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS). Field line mapping exploits a recently developed time-dependent adaptive model which minimizes the variance to THEMIS in situ magnetotail observations. We present strong evidence that the equatorward edge of the auroral bulge corresponds to the innermost extent of earthward propagating dipolarization fronts in the magnetosphere, whereas individual equatorward moving auroral enhancements correspond to the motion of individual injection fronts reaching at times distances as close to Earth as 5.5 RE. The region of tail dipolarization corresponds to the auroral bulge, a broad spatial region of enhanced but structured auroral emissions, bounded on the poleward side by discrete auroral forms and on the equatorward side by a sharp drop in auroral luminosity and particle precipitation. Particle precipitation within the bulge is enhanced considerably at the energies above 30 keV. Ionospheric protons are isotropic and electrons are anisotropic but with fluctuating fluxes which are below, but on occasion comparable with, trapped levels. The equatorward edge of the bulge, herein termed the "Equatorward edge of Auroral Bulge" propagates during substorm expansion toward lower latitudes, initially fast (corresponding to 100 km/s in space at r ∼ 7 RE) but with decreasing speed after onset. Our adaptive model mapping suggests that equatorial points at near-geosynchronous altitude can map to ionospheric magnetic latitudes up to 2°–3° off of predictions using standard T96 models. The offsets can be either toward lower latitudes due to field line stretching before auroral breakup or toward higher latitudes after breakup due to the near-Earth tail dipolarization.


Three orders of aeolian bounding surface are arranged in a hierarchy based on their extent and regularity.

First order surfaces are the most extensive. They are flat-lying bedding planes cutting across all other aeolian structures and are attributed to the passage of the largest aeolian bedforms—draas—across an area. First order surfaces cut across second order surfaces, which are gentle to moderately dipping surfaces bounding sets of cross-strata. Second order surfaces are attributed to the passage of dunes across draas, or to longitudinal dunes migrating across the lower ice slopes of draas. Third order surfaces bound bundles of laminae within coscts of cross laminae and are due either to local fluctuations in wind direction and velocity or to changes in airflow patterns caused by configurational changes in dune patterns. All these bounding surfaces could be explained by wind variations and dune migration, but the rates of dune migration relative to probable sediment deposition rates are incompatible with this general explanation of the form and spacing of the bounding surfaces. The concept of climbing bedforms of different hierarchical order together with subsidence provides a better explanation. Analogous bounding surfaces in aqueous bedforms have already been attributed to climbing bedforms of differing hierarchical order.


In continuation of our recent report on molybdates [Appl. Phys. A 124, 44 (2018)], the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of ZMoO3 (Z = Ba and Sr) molybdates are investigated under pressure (10 GPa–50 GPa) comprehensively by deploying the density functional theory. Our investigations show that the studied compounds exhibit stable cubic phase with metallic attributes. The thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of formation, Debye, and melting temperatures of the compounds are observed to increase with pressure. While the Grüninsen parameter and the coefficient of super-plastic deformation decrease as the pressure increases. Mechanical properties elucidate an increase in measured values of hardness, bulk, shear, and young's moduli with pressure. Our results suggest that the studied compounds are useful in high pressure optoelectronic devices. The optical properties of BaMoO3 (BMO) and SrMoO3 (SMO) are computed for the radiation of up to 35 eV. The present compounds show beneficial optical applications in the anti-reflection coating, lenses, and the high avoiding solar heating applications in the variant applied pressure.


and effective treatmnents of AD. In this study, we review the latest findings on pathophysiology of Aβ and tau proteins and their roles in pathogenesis of AD as well as their importance as targets for treatment of AD.


The importance of horse (Equus caballus) to equine practitioners and researchers cannot be ignored. An unevenly distributed population of equids harbors numerous diseases, which can affect horses of any age and breed. Among these, the affections of nervous system are potent reason for death and euthanasia in equids. Many episodes associated with the emergence of equine encephalitic conditions have also pose a threat to human population as well, which signifies their pathogenic zoonotic potential. Intensification of most of the arboviruses is associated with sophisticated interaction between vectors and hosts, which supports their transmission. The alphaviruses, bunyaviruses, and flaviviruses are the major implicated groups of viruses involved with equines/humans epizootic/epidemic. In recent years, many outbreaks of deadly zoonotic diseases such as Nipah virus, Hendra virus, and Japanese encephalitis in many parts of the globe addresses their alarming significance. The equine encephalitic viruses differ in their global distribution, transmission and main vector species involved, as discussed in this article. The current review summarizes the status, pathogenesis, pathology, and impact of equine neuro-invasive conditions of viral origin. A greater understanding of these aspects might be able to provide development of advances in neuro-protective strategies in equine population.


The task of detecting objects in images is essential for autonomous systems to categorize, comprehend and eventually navigate or manipulate its environment. Since many applications demand not only detection of objects but also the estimation of their exact poses, 3D CAD models can prove helpful since they provide means for feature extraction and hypothesis refinement. This work, therefore, explores two paths: firstly, we will look into methods to create richlytextured and geometrically accurate models of real-life objects. Using these reconstructions as a basis, we will investigate on how to improve in the domain of 3D object detection and pose estimation, focusing especially on scalability, i.e. the problem of dealing with multiple objects simultaneously. A fundamental aspect of the thesis is the usage of RGB-D sensors to tackle the above-mentioned tasks. In contrast to standard color cameras, these sensors provide an additional depth channel that supplies to each pixel the metric distance to the camera. This allows for correct depth perception and alleviates many typical problems such as scale estimation and occlusion reasoning. The part on reconstruction will start with a method that allows for recovering the full colored geometry of arbitrarily shaped objects. By tracking the camera movement via the object's support surface, we can eventually fuse keyframes into a colored signed distance field after global pose optimization. By repositioning the object to expose unseen parts, we create multiple partial scans and propose a novel variational fusion scheme. The reconstruction quality exhibited supersedes related methods and allows for metrically accurate models. In a follow-up work, we focus on a more efficient method to achieve the fusion by means of Octrees. These spatial look-up structures allow for memory-efficient storage but are not straightforward to use in optimization tasks. The part on detection will first focus on hashing of templated object views to achieve scalability. While discriminative, most template approaches suffer from a linear time complexity since each template has to be matched against the scene. With our learned hashing scheme, we decrease the computational complexity with only a small penalty on the detection accuracy. From there, we present our second work in that domain that employs Deep Learning of local RGB-D patches to allow for robust voting of object instances. This method is scalable and performs well in cluttered scenes at reasonable speeds. Following up, we introduce a novel deeply-learned detection scheme that predicts 2D bounding boxes together with scored 6D poses in a single shot. Our approach scales well to many objects and can run at 10Hz. Lastly, we present a model tracker in RGB-D data by means of a direct energy minimization over contour and object-interior cues. Our elegant method is robust to occlusion and scale changes and runs on a single CPU core for multiple objects in real-time.


This paper revisits the issue of blind source recovery (BSR) of non-minimum phase linear MIMO systems and provides a new rigorous derivation of the proposed state space algorithms by K. Waheed and F.M. Salem (2002), K. Waheed F.M. Salem (2003) and L.Q. Zhang et al. (1999). Using state space representation for both the mixing and convolving (or reverberative) surrounding environment and recovery (or demixing and deconvolving) networks, we systematically derive update laws based on the minimization of Kullback-Liebler divergence using the theory of optimization and the calculus of variations along the Riemannian contra-variant (or the natural) gradient. A simulation example for recovery of signals from a challenging non-minimum environment is also included in this paper.


Using the documentation to analyze the differences of index structure,estimation method and marking criterion between National Students Constitutional Health Criterion 2007 version and the 2014 version.The result has shown that the Standard in 2014 version adds the estimation index,cancels the test prqject decrease the motor skill index and makes the index structure more simple;it adjusts the total score made up in standard score and extra point;it changes the morphological index to body mass index method to estimate,and the requirement of passing the physical quality index has declined in general;and it cancels the rule that if you failed to pass the endurance running you would be failed in the total score.The Standard in 2014 version should strengthen the procedural evaluation,cancel the relations between failing in the total score and graduation,further education,low down the standard of pull- up,improve the requirement of morphological index marking,and increase the divided grade to make the New standard more perfect


Abstract This essay draws on Dipesh Chakrabarty's essay "The Climate of History: Four Theses" to test the capacity of memoir to bear witness to the Anthropocene. The essay focuses on three texts that feature memoirs of childhood on the wheat frontiers in Canada and Australia—Wallace Stegner's Wolf Willow (1962), Barbara York Main's Twice Trodden Ground (1971), and Dorothy Hewett's Wild Card (1990). As an instrument of colonization and Indigenous dispossession, the impact of wheat was catastrophic, and these memoirs engage with the particular sites and circumstances that shape acts of remembering "wheaten childhoods."


The paper proposes a model based adaptive control algorithm to control the ball and beam system with unknown parameters. The algorithm is based on an error metric which combines the trajectory tracking of the ball and the stabilization of the beam. The proposed adaptive control algorithm is improved in such a way to avoid the singularity problem which can arise in nonlinear adaptive control systems. Using the Barbalat lemma, it can be shown that the tracking error of the ball motion on the beam converges to a small residual set even in the presence of parameter uncertainty. Experimental results are provided to show the performances of the proposed control scheme


Owing to their flexibility and intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly indispensable in military operations and play a vital role in collecting information from battlefields. Planning UAV flight trajectories to obtain fresh data with the constraint of limited energy is challenging. In this study, first, we conduct a literature review of UAV path planning its finite energy, and UAV communication problems. Subsequently, we formulate a Q-Learning (QL) algorithm to map the outstanding path of the UAV that jointly optimizes the flying distance, energy consumption, and data benefits. Further simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce the route length and improve the smoothness of the UAV compared to other baseline algorithms. Finally, we investigate the influence of the parameter values on the results of the QL algorithm.


The use of the rod and the strap in the home and school from a liberating Christian viewpoint is addressed. Tracing in broad strokes the history of the rod and role of children in society from ancient through medieval times to the present, the article concludes with an affirmation of redemption for children from the condemnation of the rod.


Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple lipid growth factor regulates cell proliferation, migration, and survival. It binds to a family of trans‐membrane G‐protein‐coupled receptors. In our previous study, LPA receptors were expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and activation of LPA3 leads to erythropoiesis. However, the roles of LPA2 on erythrocyte differentiation remain unclear. During hematopoiesis processes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes have a common precursor. Therefore, we also attempted to determine whether LPA2 regulates thrombocyte differentiation in zebrafish. Anti‐sence morpholino oligonucleotide of LPA2 was injected into zebrafish embryos at different stages. We used o‐dianisidine staining to determine the levels of hemoglobin expression and Real‐Time PCR for mRNA expression of Gata1, an erythropoietic marker. The expression levels of CD41, a thrombocyte marker, were determined by Real‐Time PCR and in situ hybridization. Our results demonstrated that knocked down of LPA2 enhanced the expression of CD41 while no effect was observed for hemoglobin and Gata1 expression. Therefore, our results suggested that activation of LPA2 may decrease thrombocyte differentiation.


Schema mapping is a declarative specification of the relationship between source schema and target schema. Nowadays, schema mapping is widely used in data transformation, schema evolution, data exchange and data integration activities and there by supporting in ETL applications, Enterprise Information Integration, and Enterprise Application Integration tasks. While performing data exchange for given schema mapping, it is required to consider all the types of target constraints which are target tgds (tuple generating dependencies) and target egds (equality generating dependencies). Many researchers have addressed various types of target constraints and provided solutions for them. The common drawback is that they are time consuming due to recursive nature and multiple intermediate states generation. In this paper, we proposed solution to resolve the above so called drawbacks and an approach to handle the target constraints on performing data exchange for given schema mapping in non recursive way. Our proposed solution rewrites given target dependencies and combines these with rewritten s-t tgds such that these modified dependencies can be directly translated into SQL Script. Later this produced SQL Script can be executed directly on a relational database system to populate data into target database


The metathetical reaction of (II) with the Zr compounds (I) provides a convenient method for the preparation of a new class of binuclear zirconocenophane complexes (III).


– Weather Forecast Using JavaScript is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a given location


The requirements engineering course is a core component of the curriculum for the Master's in Software Engineering programme, at Monmouth University (MU). It covers the process, methods and tools specific to this area, together with the corresponding software quality issues. The need to produce software engineers with strong teamwork and communication skills, capable of working in multidisciplinary teams, has been stressed repeatedly by industry world-wide. This paper reports on the multidisciplinary and active/collaborative approaches used in teaching requirements engineering at MU. To reinforce the concepts learned, students actively participate in their learning as they play different roles for eliciting requirements, or share their particular expertise with their teams when performing object-oriented analysis. The multidisciplinary experiment brought together software engineering and business management students. They collaborated to produce a software requirements specification for managerial processes involved in hiring and performance evaluation of employees within a firm. A description of the synchronization of the lectures with project deliverables in the two courses, different types of communication needed by students, positive interdependence of the teams across disciplines, and how they contributed to the success of the project will be discussed among other multidisciplinary issues encountered during this experiment.


The invention discloses a three-dimensional display panel and a manufacturing method thereof, and a three-dimensional display device. The three-dimensional display panel comprises an organic electroluminescent display device and a liquid crystal raster arranged at the light-emitting side of the organic electroluminescent display device. Because the organic electroluminescent display device and the liquid crystal raster share one substrate, so that one substrate is saved and thus the production cost is lowered; and the thickness of the three-dimensional display panel is reduced. Moreover, the process of contact of the organic electroluminescent display device with the liquid crystal raster is saved; the manufacturing process is simplified; and a problem of poor display caused by damages of all film layers in the organic electroluminescent display device can be avoided during the contact process.


The redox behavior of iron porphycenes using the sodium mirror contact technique is reported. The resonance Raman spectra are obtained for each redox state, in order to explore the vibrational characteristics of these species in different redox states. The observed resonance Raman behavior of FeII porphycene anion radical and its dianion is interpreted using the vibrational analysis of free-base porphycene anion radical and dianion. For the first time, a species generated in the fourth reduction step, is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and is assigned to FeI porphycene π dianion. The dependence of resonance enhancements of Raman bands for the FeI porphycene π dianion on excitation laser reveals structural distortion along the NCaCaN or CbCaCaCb segments of the pyrrole-pyrrole direct connection in the excited electronic state.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the following areas concerning music therapy and international patients in a hospital setting: preparedness of the music therapist in working with international patients; his/her knowledge of their needs; and exploration of how to meet these needs appropriately using music therapy. The author's own clinical experience with international patients will be presented with five international patients she followed. In particular, literature pertaining to Islam and music will be cited.


Solid-state transformer (SST) acting as a medium-voltage (MV) rectifier is a viable solution to supply low-voltage DC (LVDC) loads directly from the MV ac grid. Different from a classical boost-derived power-factor-correction (PFC) topology, the multicell series-parallel (MCSP) converter steps down and distributes the input ac voltage by multiple switching cells while providing the PFC function. We propose an optimized multicarrier pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategy to avoid unwanted modes by modified multicarrier waveforms for ensuring frequent parallel connectivity to improve balancing effect while preserving simple current control implementation. Compared with conventional phase-shifted (PS) PWM and other modified multilevel carrier methods, the proposed method has no adverse effect on the input current distortion and optimizes the balancing effect on the capacitor voltages resulting suppressed circulating currents. Effectively reduced current stresses on the switch devices could lead a reduction of conduction loss on the device. Topology discussion, circulating currents, digital implementation, and loss analysis are provided. Finally, the superiority of the proposed PWM method is validated by thermal-based simulation presenting a power loss breakdown and comparing with other PWM methods. A full-scale prototype is developed, and the experimental outcomes verify the remarkable performance of proposed PWM scheme in balanced and even suppressed switch currents with improved system efficiency.


Intrusion Detection System (IDS) defined as a Device or software application which monitors the network or system activities and finds if there is any malicious activity occur. Outstanding growth and usage of internet raises concerns about how to communicate and protect the digital information safely. In today's world hackers use different types of attacks for getting the valuable information. Many of the intrusion detection techniques, methods and algorithms help to detect those several attacks. This paper proposed to Neuro Fuzzy Based Clustering concept, Location Privacy Friendly method and Entropy Based IDS concept. Our approach can create ordinary models of isolated user session.


Variable-range hopping (VRH) is an important conduction mechanism in disordered conductors. One example of such a disordered conductor is reduced graphene oxide in which VRH dominates the temperature dependence of electronic conduction. Electronic transport is generally by electric field-assisted, thermally-driven VRH, following the theory of Mott, and Pollak and Riess. However, with the increase of electric field and decrease of temperature, we identify a surprisingly smooth crossover to solely field-driven VRH described by the theory of Shklovskii. We give the analytic expression for the crossover field E C as a function of temperature and coefficients from thermally-driven and field-driven VRH. Besides reduced graphene oxide, we show in this work that our crossover scenario can also account for the experimentally measured conductivity data of three-dimensional (3D) carbon networks as well as that of quasi-1D highly-doped conducting polymers, illustrating the wide validity of our proposed physical scenario. Our crossover scenario has the advantage of combining two distinct regimes of VRH conduction yet remaining within the currently established theoretical framework.


The oil and gas sector is one of the most dangerous and stringent workplaces, due to the hazardousness of materials involved as well as the critical tasks that workers have to perform. Cranes are widely used in this sector for several activities. A wrong load lifting or handling often is due to a limited visibility of working area and could bring to severe accidental scenarios, for this reason safety of these operations becomes of paramount importance. The use of safety devices, that provide an augmented vision to the crane-operator, is essential to avoid potential accidents, moreover risk analysis could benefit from the acquisition of real time information about the process. This work aims to extrapolate and adapt dynamic risk assessment concepts for crane-related operations of a typical oil and gas industry by means of the support of safety devices. To achieve this objective, a set of risk indicators, reporting continuous information about the operations that are carried out, will be defined; successively, a technique of aggregation of these indicators will also be applied with the aim to update the frequency of critical events by a proper Risk Metric Reduction Factor that accounts for the effect of the use of safety barriers.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Structure of Boron Carbide: Where's the Carbon? DAVID MARX1, Illinois State University, GERALD SEIDLER, TIMOTHY FISTER, KENNETH NAGLE, University of Washington, CARLO SEGRE, Illinois Institute of Technology — Although the structure of the boron carbide series, B12−xCx with 0.06 ≤ x ≤ 1.7, has been studied since the 1940s, the location of the carbon atoms has not been adequately determined. The recent development of the lower energy resolution inelastic x-ray scattering (LERIX) spectrometer on the PNC-CAT beamline at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Lab has enabled differentiation of the boron and carbon absorption edge data for the various crystallographic sites. The structure (R-3m) consists of twelve-atom icosahedra and three-atom chains. Boron carbide may have a maximum of three carbon atoms, which may be located on the two end of chain sites and in one of two inequivalent sites on the icosahedra. At least one carbon atom must be present in the structure for it to be stable. In this presentation, structural results from non-resonant x-ray scattering for seven samples, ranging from B4C to B10.1C will be presented.


At present, diabetes has become a widespread disease between young people and the elderly. New methods to detect diabetes are required. Hence, enzyme biosensors (glucose biosensors) based on immobilization methods are invented to solve the problem. However, enzyme stability can not be guaranteed. Metal-organic-framework has indicated a bright future in improving stability. In this project, o-Phenylenediamine (OPD) coating is used as a coloring agent to detect glucose. As is proved by previous researchers, taking advantage of the cascade reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes, filter paper-based zeolitic imidazole framework-L (ZIF-L) thin film can be used to detect glucose considering its high acid stability and ease of fabrication. The results reveal that ZIF-L/GOx&HRP was linearly sensitive in the range of glucose concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5mM). After optimization by enzyme concentration and synthesis, 0.75mol/mL GOx&HRP with 30 minutes synthesis time illustrates the best performance.


This paper introduced the present situation of mineral resources exploitation in Inner Mongolia,and also studied the existing problems that affect the mineral resources sustainable exploitation and utilization,such as the shortage of geological prospecting fund,the disorder in the mining market,the low-level efficiency in utilization of mineral resources, the unreasonableness of mining industry structure and the serious destruction of ecological environment.Some strategic countermeasures for the problems have been put forward as follows: further perfecting the law system in mineral resources management,strengthening the governmental supervision and management,increasing investment in mineral resources survey and exploration,adjusting mining industry structure,enhancing people's consciousness of environment protection,and accelerating science and technology advancement.


In Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Access point (AP) transmit power influences (i) received signal quality for users and thus user throughput, (ii) user association and thus load across APs and (iii) AP coverage ranges and thus interference in the network. Despite decades of academic research, transmit power levels are still, in practice, statically assigned to satisfy uniform coverage objectives. Yet each network comes with its unique distribution of users in space, calling for a power control that adapts to users' probabilities of presence, for example, placing the areas with higher interference probabilities where user density is the lowest. Although nice on paper, putting this simple idea in practice comes with a number of challenges, with gains that are difficult to estimate, if any at all. This paper is the first to address these challenges and evaluate in a production network serving thousands of daily users the benefits of a user-aware transmit power control system. Along the way, we contribute a novel approach to reason about user densities of presence from historical IEEE 802.11k data, as well as a new machine learning approach to impute missing signal-strength measurements. Results of a thorough experimental campaign show feasibility and quantify the gains: compared to state-of-the-art solutions, the new system can increase the median signal strength by 15dBm, while decreasing airtime interference at the same time. This comes at an affordable cost of a 5dBm decrease in uplink signal due to lack of terminal cooperation.


The problem considered in this article applies to: examine the state of development in science-oriented vocational training system of undergraduate foreign language at a technical university and the state of its practical application; clarify the concept of "professional-oriented learning systems undergraduate foreign language at the Technical University"; development of criteria and indicators to measure the success of future acquisition specialists professionally meaningful linguistic material.


Browman and Goldstein have outlined an account of the cognitive representation of words in which phonological and phonetic specification is isomorphic [see e.g. 1, 2]. Their Articulatory Phonology framework examines the hypothesis that linguistically significant vocal tract constrictions, or gestures, are the atomic units of phonological representation. And, using Saltzman's Task Dynamics model [3], these gestural units are quantitatively described as dynamical systems. These innovations have led to significant improvements in our understanding of how spoken language is produced and why it exhibits particular qualities and patterns. The success of this approach has ignited an interest in exploring the range of linguistic challenges to which Articulatory Phonology might rise. There are new frontiers to be explored within the approach and known questions to be considered in new ways.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Types of Turbines Thermal Power Plants Combined-Cycle Power Plants Nuclear Power Plants Hydraulic Power Plants References


Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Correspondence and reprints: Dr RL Cowie, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1. Telephone 403-220-8981, fax 403-270-8928, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com Patient participation is necessary for the treatment of any chronic disease but particularly for diseases that run a variable course. The day-to-day variability of asthma demands careful participation by the individual with the disease and his or her caregivers if they are to achieve optimal control and enjoy a normal lifestyle (1). Most, if not all, asthma guidelines emphasize that patient education is as important as the prescription of appropriate medication (1). Indeed, the prescription and the education are inseparable. Without instruction in the use of inhaler devices, without the knowledge of what constitutes disease control, and without the understanding of the role of medical and nonmedical interventions, it is not likely that asthma control will be achieved, even when all of the relevant medications have been prescribed. Patient education in a variable disease must also include some component of disease monitoring linked with a self-management plan. Probably the most important aspect of patient education toward self-management is preventing the development of severe and potentially life-threatening exacerbations (2). Unfortunately, it has been shown that even those patients who have a good knowledge of their disease may not apply this knowledge to the management of an exacerbation of their asthma (3). The appropriate use of self-management plans in asthma thus requires careful education with the emphasis on changing behaviour (rather than the acquisition of knowledge). Action plans are not suitable for all patients with asthma (4) and are most effective in those with more severe disease (5). It is often difficult to provide an evidence base for an intervention, such as asthma self-management, that requires people to change their behaviour. This difficulty is demonstrated by the conflicting conclusions of two recent Cochrane reviews of this topic (6,7). The former review concluded that the inclusion of a written action plan in an education program for asthma improved health outcomes (6). The latter review of an almost identical selection of studies concluded that only six published studies were valid and that there was insufficient evidence to support the value of action plans (7). In fact, only one of the cited studies examined the impact of an action plan versus no action plan (8); the other five studies compared different types of plans, or an education program and an action plan with no education or plan (7). Even one of the most recent studies failed to examine self-management plans on an even playing field, although it did suggest, as may be expected, that a plan without appropriate education is unlikely to result in a change in behaviour (9). The lack of evidence to support the role of action plans in patient management of asthma should not be seen as evidence of lack of efficacy. We know that it is very difficult to change behaviour, but that difficulty should not stop us from instructing our patients to manage their asthma any more than it should stop us from offering advice on smoking cessation or other difficult interventions that require behavioural change. Notwithstanding the admittedly incomplete evidence, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that written action plans should be part of the management of asthma in patients, especially in those who suffer from severe exacerbations (5,8) and who are ready to make behavioural changes (10,11).


This chapter discusses the methods of probabilistic spare-equipment analysis and their applications. A spare can reduce the failure probability of an equipment group and thus the failure cost, resulting in economic benefit, but it also requires capital investment. The chapter discusses two methods of spare-equipment analysis. The first one is based on the reliability criteria of an equipment group and the second one on the probabilistic cost model. The second method is more comprehensive since the benefit/cost analysis is conducted, which provides the financial justification for decision making. Two examples are also given in the chapter. The first one is an analysis of offline spare transformers and the second one is an analysis of online redundancy of 500 kV reactors.


(A) binder polymer, (B) and ethylenic photopolymerizable compound having an unsaturated bond, (C1) to a photosensitive resin composition containing a compound represented by the general formula (1). [Formula 1] In the equation (1), R is at least one is the alkoxy group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms having a carbon number of 1~10, a, b and c is the total of 1 to 6. When the total of a, b and c 2~6 days, the plurality of R in the same molecule may be different even if it is the same, respectively.]


Cells of Dictyostelium discoideum are triggered to undergo development when they have depleted their food source. During the early hours of developmen t, cells undergo chemotaxis toward cAMP that is secreted by starving cells and f orm multicellular aggregates, which finally develop into the fruiting bodies. Ce ll adhesion molecules play an important role in maintaining the on integrity of cell aggregation and influence subsequent cell-type differentiation and cell so r ting. Cell-cell adhesion at early stages is important for development, but cel l -type differentiation and cell sorting are triggered in the mound stage. Mutant s lacking the gp80 gene exhibit no obvious difference in phenotype when they deve lop under standard conditions. Perhaps related proteins make compensation for t he mutant. gp150 is normally first expressed at the mound stage so the question is whether the adhesion molecule is important for development beyond this stage ? To better understand the role of gp150, we compared mutant cells and wild-t y pe cell with Western blot and immunofluorescence labeling. AK127 cell (gp150/Lag C null cell) expressed both DdCAD-1 and gp80 on the cell surface during early d e velopment, arrested at the loose aggregation stage. gp150 that regulated the cel l aggregation, influenced the formation of the tip of mound. TL93 cells have no obvious difference in phenotype when developed under standard laboratory condit ion. Premature change in gp150 gene expression was observed, which perhaps compe nsate the other related adhesion proteins. gp 150 is required for the developmen t of Dictyostelium discoideun .


Motivated by the recent trend in ``Big data", we are interested in the case where both $p$, the number of variables, and $n$, the number of subjects are large, and probably $p \gg n$. When $p \gg n$, the signals are usually rare and weak, and the observation units are correlated in a complicated way. When the signals are rare and weak, it may be hard to recover them individually. In this thesis, we are interested in the problem of recovering the rare and weak signals with the assistance of correlation structure of the data.

We consider the helps from two types of correlation structures, the correlation structure of the observed units, and the dependency among the unobserved factors. In Chapter \ref{chapter:gs}, in a setting of high dimensional linear regression, we study the variable selection problem when the observed predictors are correlated. In Chapter \ref{chapter:gmas}, we consider recovering the sparse mean vector of a Stein's normal means model, where the elements of the unobserved mean vector are dependent through an Ising model. In each chapter, we study the optimality in variable selection, discover the non-optimality of the conventional methods such as the lasso, subset selection and hard thresholding, and propose {\it Screen and Clean} type of variable selection procedures which are optimal in terms of the Hamming distance. The theoretical findings is supported by the simulation results and applications.


This paper aims to illustrate the untranslatability of Chinese classic poem Gelushi(iambic) from the perspective of cohesion and coherence.In the paper,the major cohesive devices used in Gelushi(iambic) are divided into two categories: the cohesive devices of form and those of content.Differences in the employment of cohesive devices in Chinese and English are very likely to lead to a considerably high degree of untranslibity in Gelushi.


Aim. A rapid and reproducible HPLC method has been developed for the determination of amlodipine in experimental combined dosage forms containing amlodipine, bisoprolol and enalapril and for drug dissolution studies. Materials and methods. The separation was done using a column Phenomenex Polar Synergi, 5 μm, 4.6×50 mm and a mobile phase of methanol:phosphate buffer solution (65:35, v/v), flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min. The injection volume was 100 μL and the ultraviolet detector was set at 240 nm. Results. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Under these conditions, amlodipine was eluted at 1.89 min. Total run time was shorter than 2.5 min. The linearity of the method had a good correlation with concentration and peak area. The correlation coefficient of amlodipine was found to be not less than 0.9991, which indicates good linear relationship over concentration range 0.625 mg/mL–5.000 mg/mL (1.250 mg/mL–5.000 mg/mL at pH 4.5). The % RSD values in intra-day and inter-day precision study were found to be less than 0.267 for amlodipine, which indicate method was precise. Hence, the present developed method was said to be suitable for the analysis of drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage form. Also, in vitro dissolution of amlodipine containing tablets were performed to validate the suitability of the proposed method. The dissolution pattern complies with the FDA standards, indicating suitability of the proposed method for the dissolution study of amlodipine. It will allow conducting comparative studies in vitro to confirm the equivalence of tablets containing amlodipine. Conclusion. A simple and sensetive HPLC method was developed for the estimation of amlodipine in tablets containing amlodipine, enalapril and bisoprolol. The proposed method was applied successfully for quality control assay of amlodipine in experimental tablets and in vitro dissolution studies. In vitro / in vivo correlation of amlodipine has been conducted.


Based on the field investigation in Henan province,the circulation status of watermelon and muskmelon in China was analyzed.Through the investigation,it was found that there were some problems in the circulation of watermelon and muskmelon,such as the income of melon farmers was relatively low,the risks were relatively high,the function of cooperatives were not fully played,and the linkage of the circulation entities was loose,etc.At last,some specific suggestions was put forward to shorten the intermediate links,reduce the circulation cost,and promote the circulation efficiency of watermelon and muskmelon.


or any PGE metabolite. However, PGF20 was metabolized at the same rate as PGF2. by the conventional two step pathway to a compound provisionally identified as 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2p. These results show that the rabbit renal cortex contains an enzyme capable of converting PGF2a directly to PGE2. Pace-Asciak (1975) has described a similar enzyme in rat kidney and called it prostaglandin 9hydroxydehydrogenase, but in this species it converts a PGF2a metabolite to its PGE2 equivalent. By contrast, the rabbit enzyme may be an important modulator of renal function, since PGF2a has less potent or different actions than PGE2 on renal functions (McGiff& Nasjletti, 1973). References


In the entire history of literary criticism, it is doubtful whether any professional critic has tried to circumscribe literature within such radically narrow limits as those set down by the Hungarian critic Georg Lukacs.1 The literary achievements of the past, the aspirations of the present and future have been, are, and will be the result of a single mode, realism,2 and, to all intents and purposes, a single genre, the novel. Moreover, so far as the achievements of the past are concerned, there are only a very few authors who can be truly said to have realized the critical ideals espoused by Lukacs. Among the authors of the last century and a half, these giants include only Scott, Balzac, Tolstoy, Mann, and to a lesser degree Goethe, Keller, Stendhal, Dostoevsky, and Gorky. The historical, personal, and intellectual reasons underlying Lukacs' espousal of so circumscribed a critical system have been traced by Peter Demetz in his excellent book, Marx, Engels, and the Poets,3


This paper details an innovative approach used in teaching Analysis for Engineers.The projects-based curriculum and the question-driven instruction mode provide an effective vehicle for developing students' creativity,a significant improvement upon the traditional curriculum design.


The study aims is to determine the components of the region's inclusive development and its results through the analysis of population welfare. Methodology. To achieve the goal of the study, the general methods (analysis, deduction), methods of abstraction for building models, empirical methods (comparison, measurement, questionnaire) were used. Findings. Analyzing studies devoted to the inclusive development of the economy, the authors put forward a personal vision of the basis for the inclusive development of an industrial region, consisting of the economy of the region, the community living in a given territory and the environment, and their interrelationships, which made it possible to propose a conceptual model for the involvement of members of the territorial community in inclusive development. Originality. The author's inclusive business model for the development of the region is proposed. It is aimed at attracting investments through the existing positive image, brand of the territory and additional value, which, unlike the existing ones, does not focus on factor conditions (minerals, land) of economic development, but focuses on human resources, that constituted an element of scientific novelty of the study. One of the main prerequisites for the implementation and development of the inclusive business model – the well-being of the population – was detected. Therefore, a study, which assessed and compared the welfare of the population of different regions of Ukraine, based on clearly defined indicators of living standards and quality of life was conducted. The inequality of development of different regions of Ukraine was also assessed, and its causes were identified. The conducted research the principles of regional justice contributed to the formulation of recommendations for overcoming the gaps in the welfare of the population of the Ukrainian regions. Practical value. The results obtained can be used as a scientific substantiation of reforms in the internal regional, social, and economic policy of Ukraine aimed at ensuring qualitative structural changes in the domestic economy.


The contents of the Handbook was created based on feedback from F1s. Cohort 1 consisted of F1s from August 2021 intake and the Cohort 2 F1s from August 2022 intake. Feedback was collected through questionnaires designed in Google Forms which assessed the contents of the Handbook and measured levels of confidence using a Likert scale. Confidence was defined as 0 to 2 as not confident and 3 to 5 as confident. Based on the data gathered, contents of the handbook was edited and reviewed by senior members of the multidisciplinary team.


Distributing power packets in a network is an efficient technique for supplying power to distributed loads. In the case that the amount of power is limited in a closed network system, the consensus algorithm can be useful for sharing the limited power resource in the system. For example, we consider a power network consisting of one power source and N(≫1) loads. We assume that each load has a buffer that can store the power for driving the load. It is important to efficiently share the limited power from the single source. One possible way for sharing power is as follows. First, all loads are divided into several clusters. Next, the power source sends power packets to each cluster by responding to the feedback information on how much power is required by the loads in the cluster. If the power demand of one load exceeds the power supply from the source, the deficient power is accommodated by the consensus algorithm among the buffers within the cluster. We discuss by numerical simulations how to cluster the loads in terms of the balance between the cost for distributing power from the source and the performance of loads.


This paper presents the design characteristics of longer feeding system for CNC lathe.An example called CK6163×3000 is given out about its design and the position precision analysis of feed system on half close looped NC machine tools in detail.The analyzed result showed that the key factor affecting the motion error of this type of machine tool is the ball-screw.This has the important theoretical basis for the structure design of longer feeding transmission system.


Using saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance, we have detected the rotational motion of a spin label rigidly attached to the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 -ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 126.96.36.199). At 40C, the spectrum indicates an effective rotational correlation time of 60 jsec, determined by comparison with reference spectra obtained from theoretical calculations and from experiments on model systems. This motion appears to correspond to rotation of the enzyme with respect to the membrane, because the motion persists when the membrane fragments are immobilized b sedimentation and the motion stops when the polypeptide cains, but not the membrane vesicles, are crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. The rotational mobility of the enzyme increases with increasing temperature, and this increase becomes more gradual when tie temperature exceeds 20'C; the same kind of temperature dependence has been observed previously for lipid fluidity and enzymatic activity. The dynamic nature of many processes occurring in biological membranes suggests strongly that molecular motions are extremely important aspects of membrane function. Therefore, direct measurements of motions of the lipid and protein components of membranes are essential to the understanding of the molecular details of membrane function. Translational and rotational motions of membrane lipids have been investigated extensively, as exemplified by the studies of spin-labeled lipids by McConnell and coworkers (1, 2). Some measurements have been made on the translational motion of membrane proteins (3, 4), but few measurements on their rotational motion have been reported (5, 6). Until recently, the magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopic techniques used to study the rotational motions of membrane lipids, usually in the nanosecond time range, were not sensitive to the much slower rotational motions that might be expected for membrane proteins. For example, the conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, using nitroxide spin labels, can provide information only about motions characterized by rotational correlation times much less than 1 A.sec, whereas the rotational motion of a relatively small protein, rhodopsin, in a relatively fluid visual photoreceptor membrane is characterized by a rotational correlation time of the order of microseconds (5, 7). Saturation transfer EPR spectroscopy extends the time range of sensitivity to correlation times as long as 1 msec; this technique is therefore well-suited for studying the slow rotational motion of membrane proteins. The utility of the saturation transfer technique in the study of rotational motion in the microsecond to millisecond time range has been demonstrated in theoretical and model system studies (8, 9) and in studies on large-scale rotational dynamics in assemblies of muscle proteins (10). These and other applications of saturation transfer spectroscopy have been described in several recent reviews (11-14). Transport enzymes represent a particularly important kind of membrane protein in which rotational mobility may play a key role. We have focused our attention on the Ca2+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 22.214.171.124) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Because this enzyme apparently requires a fluid lipid environment in order to function (15), it is likely that some degree of protein mobility, such as rotational mobility, is required for enzyme activity. In order to make possible the study of protein mobility as a function of enzymatic activity and lipid fluidity (16, 17) we have carried out a study of the rotational motion of the spin-labeled Ca2+-ATPase. We have attached a maleimide spin label selectively and rigidly to the enzyme in SR vesicles and used saturation transfer EPR to measure an effective rotational correlation time of 60 lisec at 40C, corresponding to rotation of the enzyme within the membrane. A preliminary account of some aspects of this work has appeared (17). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Membrane Preparations. Fragmented SR was prepared from rabbit white skeletal muscle as described (15). A purified Ca2+-ATPase preparation obtained by solubilization of SR with Triton X-100 (18), containing the endogenous SR lipids and a single 100,000-dalton polypeptide, will be designated SRATPase. A purified Ca2+-ATPase preparation in which the lipids in SR-ATPase have been replaced by dipalmitoyllecithin (DPL), as described (16), will be designated DPL-ATPase. Labeling with N-Ethylmaleimide. Unless otherwise indicated, the solution contained 0.3 M sucrose and 20 mM Tris maleate, pH 7.0 (SR buffer). SR, at a protein concentration of 10 mg/ml, was incubated with 1 mol of N-ethylmaleimide (MalNEt) per 105 g of protein for 1 hr at 00C and then was centrifuged at 100,000 X g for 1 hr to remove unreacted reagent. The pellet was rinsed and resuspended at a protein concentration of 10 mg/ml and then was incubated with maleimide spin label as described below. To determine the specificity of labeling under these conditions, the glycoprotein was separated from the ATPase by Triton X-100 solubilization of the SR vesicles (19). In order to determine the degree of MalNEt labeling, ['4C]MalNEt (New England Nuclear) was used as described (19). Protein concentrations were determined by the method of Lowry et al. (20), and ATPase activities were measured at 320C as described (8, 16). Spin-Labeling. A maleimide spin label derivative, N-(1oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-maleimide (MSL), was used to label the enzyme polypeptide. A fresh solution of spin label in ethanol was diluted 1:10 with buffer, added to MalNEt-treated SR, SR-ATPase, or DPL-ATPase (final ethanol concentration, <1%) at a ratio of 1.25 mol of label per 105 g of Abbreviations: SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum; DPL, dipalmitoyllecithin; MalNEt, N-ethylmaleimide; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; MSL, maleimide spin label [i.e., N-(l-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4piperidinyl)maleimide[. * Present address: Department of Structural Biology, Sherman Fairchild Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA


Oxygen-surface interaction has been studied in an ultra high vacuum by means of thermal desorption mass spectrometry. ESR, emission of after glow and thermoluminescence. During the O 2 exposure of less than 10 4 L to UV-irradiated MgO powders, F s + centers were found to decay following two monomolecular stages and two types of O 2 - centers were found to be formed. The activation energy of the frst decay was found to be 0.04 eV. The luminescence was also found to be quenched by the adsorption of O 2 . The chemisorbed O 2 - molecules desorbed thermally with activation energies of 0.83 and 1.10 eV. Through the estimation of the order of kinetics and activation energies, the interaction of O 2 with F s + is discussed as a diffusion-limited process causing charge transfer on surfaces of MgO.


This paper reports that Tunisia's oil exploration and production industry is experiencing a boom of almost unprecedented proportions. The catalysts are changes in the fiscal and legislative regime and a high success ratio in an exciting new exploration play, Upper Cretaceous Abiod chalk. The foundation of this renewed phase of activity was laid in 1985. The Tunisian government decided to liberalize the terms and conditions that apply to the hydrocarbon exploration industry, in order to encourage the search for reserves to replace those being rapidly depleted through increased industrial, commercial, and transport consumption.


We present ab initio calculations of cross sections for projectile and target excitation occurring in the course of He+ + He collisions using a three-active-electron semiclassical nonperturbative approach. Intermediate impact energies ranging from 1 keV to 225 keV/u are considered. The results of our calculations agree well with available measurements for both projectile and target excitation in the respective overlapping energy regions. A comparison of our results with those of other theoretical calculations further demonstrates the importance of a nonperturbative approach that includes a sufficient number of channels. Furthermore, it is found that the cross sections for target excitation into singlet states show a valley centered at about 25 keV/u, resulting from competition with electron transfer to singlet projectile states. By contrast, the cross sections for target excitation into triplet states do not exhibit any such structures.


In recent years, the thousands of international investment treaties have given rise to hundreds of investor-state arbitrations. International investment law has thus become a topic of great practical importance, and one which has received significant attention in both arbitral awards and academic literature. It is, however, a subject which appears to possess inherent 'dualities' – analogous to an optical illusion, a single image or object which may appear strikingly different to different viewers or from different perspectives. The dualities of international investment law are presented in some of the most fundamental questions concerning its nature and purpose. This chapter explores the ideas or influences which lead analysis of the subject in conflicting directions and invite these seemingly contradictory viewpoints, by focusing on the 'public-private' distinctions or conceptions which lie at its contested foundations. These public-private dualities thus form a kind of conceptual lens through which international investment law may be viewed, and through which its different appearances or representations can be examined.


Objective\ To construct AMA 1 gene eukaryotic expression clones in pichia pastoris .\ Methods\ AMA 1(Ⅲ) genes were amplified by PCR technique from recombinant vector pPF4/PFCP 2 and were inserted into cloning vector pPF4, After then, recombinant expression vectors were constructed by ligating them with pPIC9 vectors. The validity of these sequences were confirmed by automatic DNA sequencing. By using electroporation transformation methods, recombinant expression vectors containing AMA 1(Ⅲ) genes were transformed into pichia GS115 cells.\ Results\ The positive clones were identified with recombinant AMA 1(Ⅲ) gene clones.\ Conclusion\ The construction of AMA 1(Ⅲ) gene expression clone, molecular biology, is the basis of AMA 1(Ⅲ) expression in pichia pastoris.


Crude water extract and a flavonoid fraction of Myrtus communis were found to possess molluscicidal activity against the aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata involved in the transmission of schistosomiasis.


The use of a brief "confrontation design" had significant short-run effects on attitudes toward interdepartmental relations in a complex organization, as an article previously published in this jou...


A troublesome pronunciation issue for Spanish EFL learners is the past -ed ending of regular verbs. Neuro linguistic Programming (NLP) is a perspective integrating neurology, language and programming which are key for processing information and for responding to learners' styles with the potential to help EFL teachers address this pronunciation issue. This paper reports a study conducted in two subsequent terms with 43 students at a university language institute: two groups taught using standard pronunciation techniques and two using NLP techniques preceded by oral tasks in which they were encouraged to pronounce regular verbs in the past. Data collected included students self-recorded pronunciation tasks, a survey to elicit students' motivation and satisfaction and a teacher's log with insights about students' attitude and response to the strategy. Analysis of the data showed that after the first implementation, the NLP group improved their pronunciation a 30%, the standard one improved a 10%. During the second implementation, the NLP group showed an improvement of 23.7% pronunciation accuracy in task 1 and a 24.6% in task two compared to the standard group. The findings suggest that teacher's use of NLP techniques into their classroom instruction have a positive impact on students' pronunciation of the past ending of regular verbs.


The article presents the results of theoretical research workflow collecting fuel wood chips chippers milling type. Using simulation techniques evaluated the effectiveness of the device for collecting products grinding stumps and logging residues and determined their optimal parameters. To collect the chips when the machine for grinding wood residuals advisable to equip it with a hopper with sufficient capacity and direct the flow of chips into a hopper with a special casing, and to collect the chips when the machine for grinding stumps cutter advisable to equip special schepoulovitelem. Within the model of the device for collecting the products of forest residues surface grinding guide casing and hopper represented 50 elementary triangles built on the 29 points of support. Schepoulovitelya same surface grinders Stump presented within the overall modeling methodology as a set of 18 elementary triangles.


Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to find intermodal
transportation solutions for COMPANY X's
production in Turkey to different destinations in
Europe.
Methodology: The analysis is mainly based on quantitative studies.
An inductive approach has been used to connect
theoretical perspectives and the empirical material.
Theory: General theories within transports and environmental
effects are illustrated. For practical application of the
problems in the analysis, the PESTEL-framework and
the SWOT-analysis is used.
Empiric: The empiric is given by confidential data from
COMPANY X and expert competence within UBQ.
Recommendation: According to the question formulation we think that
there is a possible intermodal solution, which is ever
better than the Setup of Reference. We consider
Intermodal Setup A as the most beneficent for
COMPANY X, and it is long term sustainable.


It is well known that the dynamics of a Hamiltonian system depends crucially on whether or not it possesses nonlinear resonances. In the generic case, the set of nonlinear resonances consists of independent clusters of resonantly interacting modes, described by a few low-dimensional dynamical systems. We formulate and prove a new theorem on integrability which allows us to show that most frequently met clusters are described by integrable dynamical systems. We argue that construction of clusters can be used as the base for the Clipping method, substantially more effective for these systems than the Galerkin method. The results can be used directly for systems with cubic Hamiltonian.


1. The decline phase in the population dynamics of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is associated both with nuclear polyhedrosis virus epizootics and greater phenolics levels in preferred hosts such as red oak. Recent studies have shown that hydrolysable tannins in red oak reduce both gypsy moth (GM) fecundity and virus susceptibility. 2. We modified the Anderson & May (1981) analytical model of invertebrate pathogen dynamics to explore this complex interaction over a range of tannin levels, gypsy moth mortality from non-virus causes, and virus life span held constant for 100 gypsy moth generations


W. Hovgaard's theory of the distribution of shearing stresses in riveted and welded connections is very useful and of very wide application for stress analysis of the structure of a ship. But his solution contains a constant which he named displacement coefficient and the value of this constant is not yet cleared enough. In this paper we study the displacement coefficient by analysis and clear that it consists of two terms in general, the term owing to the shearing strain in the part besides a connection and the term owing to the slip in the connection. An approximate value of the displacement coefficient about the case shown in Fig. 10 can be calculated from (30), where the function f is given by Table 1 or by Fig. 6 and μc is the displacement coefficient owing to the slip in the connection.


This work aims to study the mechanical and tribological properties of different epoxy composites are performed. The epoxy matrix was adopted in this work as a base material, while the eco-friendly vegetable oils (castor, palm and rocca) are performed as filler materials. The hardness values, stress-strain curve, friction coefficient, wear resistance and topography of worn surfaces, via optical 3D, are adopted via conducting the experiments. The results show that the hardness enhanced with 11.4% % with filling content 12.5wt. %of palm. The epoxy matrix dispersed with 12.5%, 10% and 10% for castor, palm and rocca, respectively, give the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate among the other compositions.


Cellular Automata has been used in simulation urban extension.But we cannot ensure the rationality of simulated results since it had adopted the rules of static,single and unrestricted variable.We established a new model named as GeoObjectCA-Urban which was based on urban geographical objects.We analyzed three factors of this model such as landuse,transport and control condition,and gave the expression methods and structure of the cellar.Especially,we emphasized on how to simplify the parameters and the transferred rules of cellar state change during building this model.And we developed corresponding tools to accomplish this task.At last,we illustrated this model by Yiwu city.The result proved that this model was flexible and exercisable.


This paper expounds the basic ideas of Fractal Market Hypothesis,and applies it to investment field.The paper adopts the synthetic security index of Shanghai as the research object,and uses the method of the Rescald range analysis to diagnose fractal characteristics of our securities market.In the end,writer arrives at the following conclusions:①There are four kinds of non-period cycle in the synthetic security index of Shanghai.The average length of them is separately 858 days、353days、246days、65days.②The Hurst exponent of long-period cycle of Shanghai security synthetic index is 0.561.That means securities market owns memory capability because of the continuity of information effectiveness.③Compared with west securities market,the lower Hurst exponent of Shanghai synthetic security index indecates the lower efficiency of our capital market.


One of the most popular platform based on blockchain technology is Ethereum. Internal activity on this public blockchain is analyzed both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. In a first part, it is shown that the creation of the Ethereum Alliance consortium has been a game changer in the use of the technology. In a second part, the network robustness against attacks is investigated from a graph point of view, as well as the distribution of internal activity among users. Addresses of great influence were identified, and allowed to formulate conjectures on the current usage of this technology.


The static pressure, dynamic pressure and velocity magnitude are important parameters and have a strong influence on airfoil lift force. In this paper a slotted NACA 4412 airfoil profile is considered for analysis by using the commercial code ANSYS 14.5.7 WORKBENCH FLUENT® at an inlet boundary condition of different approaching wind velocities for various airfoil angles of attack in the range 0˚to 24˚. Renormalized group (RNG) k- turbulence model with enhanced wall function is used for the analysis. Variations of static pressure, dynamic pressure and velocity magnitude are plotted in form of contours and / or vectors.


The detection and classification of plant diseases are crucial to ensuring food security and maximizing agricultural productivity. Traditional methods of plant disease identification are time-consuming and labor-intensive, necessitating the adoption of more efficient and accurate techniques. In recent years, advancements in machine learning have led to the development of robust methods for automated plant disease detection. This research paper presents a novel approach for plantdisease detection using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs have demonstrated exceptional performance in image recognition tasks, making them a promising choice for detecting diseases in plant images. The proposed system utilizes a pre- processed dataset of plant images, comprising both healthy and diseased samples, to train the CNN model. Keywords—Plant disease and detection, convolutional neural networks, deep learning architectures, feature extraction, classifier methods


Abstract This article discusses effects of and drivers behind the current integration of experience-based knowledge in management. The case in point is production and integration of fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) in coastal zone management in Norway. The article discusses how the principles of social justice and protection of biodiversity drive FEK integration, through analysing a case of conflict between small-scale fishers and cod farming in Storfjord, northern Norway. The case became known for the appearance of deformed "monster cod" which supported the fishers' claims that fish farming was harmful to the environment and thus also to the indigenous Sami culture. Assessing how FEK was judged in terms of its credibility, legitimacy and saliency, the article argues that the criteria by which FEK is judged are different from how other types of policy-relevant knowledge is judged. In addition to being scientifically credible, its quality as age-old knowledge derived from interaction with the environment increases its influence on management decisions in biodiversity conservation controversies where fishers' and managers' interests coincide. The article concludes that integration of FEK in management both fulfils goals of protection of biodiversity and social justice, which makes it harder to ignore in socially and environmentally controversial contexts in the future.