The study was performed to examine the scaling behavior about dental health. The subjects of this study were 700 workers selected in Daegu. This survey was carried out during 2003. 7. 15 - 2003. 7. 31. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Distribution of respondent's class was male of 53.5%, female of 46.5%, and 30's age of 36.2%, 20's age of 28.2%. Concerning about dental health was appeared that female was higher rate than male. also, difference was related in their age, working department and residence. 2. In case of no experience to scaling for past 3 years was appeared that male of 67.6% was higher rate than female of 56.8%. The frequency of treat scaling was appeared that 46.2% of the subjects was treated scaling per year. 3. The root cause of no treatment by regular was appeared that "high expensive" was most high with 38.0% and 2nd, "didn't felt importance" was 24.2%, 3rd "lack of spare time" was 20.7%, the last ranking "only be frightened" was 14.3%. 4. Method of learning knowledge about scaling was appeared that male and female were similar with their method of it. knowledge level of scaling was learned by internet were higher in worker of 20's age than any other age. also, other difference was related in school career and residence. Opinion about necessity of scaling answer which need or surely need were similar to male of 67.1 % and female of 72.6%. 5. As for knowledge of scaling was appeared that male of 94.3% and female of 87.1% had corrective knowledge. The right answer was significantly different by ages, school career, working department and residence.


Apart from a serial section study of the renal pelvis in human infants by DuranJorda (1955) the fine anatomy of the opening of collecting tubules into the renal pelvis has received scant attention. It was therefore decided to use the scanning electron microscope to study the collecting ducts in the rat, paying particular attention to external surface features, the types and arrangements of duct openings, and the confluence of ducts within the papilla.


one before them, when at the same time the whole history of the case was brought before them, was the best way of engaging their interest and attention. Few of the members had had an opportunity of studying with such minuteness and detail a case such as the one which had so ably been related by Dr. Simpson. He (Dr. B.) had had an opportunity of inspecting the specimen before them soon after it had been prepared, and what had struck him most was the condition of the bladder which accompanied the hydro-nephrosis. It had the same appearance of chronic disease which accompanies stricture or calculus. At the time he saw it, the examination of the specimen had not led Dr. Simpson to a certain knowledge of the cause of the abnormal condition, but it was apparent to him at that time


This second part of the two series papers deals with the problem of bond graph model based fault diagnosis for a class of chemical reactions taking place in a jacketed reactor. A bond graph model based fault detection and isolation approach applied to design of a supervision system for a complex chemical reactor is presented. The nonlinearities and energetic couplings involved in the dynamics require a suitable supervision environment. Furthermore, the causal and structural properties of the bond graph tool are used to design Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) algorithms (i.e. the generation of fault indicators) to determine the availability of the chemical process. Thus, a unified framework is developed to take into account faults affecting sensors, actuators and process. Structural analysis of the model is utilized to obtain the fault signatures for fault isolation. The decision procedure to detect and isolate the faults uses the residuals, evaluated online. A detailed kinetic modelling approach had been proposed in previous work to simulate chemical reactions and analyze the appearance of secondary reactions under industrial conditions in this present paper.


Eye contact disorder is one of the typical characteristics of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and this issue is directly related to the deficiencies in social interaction. In this poster, we present MaskMe, a collaborative game to help children with ASD make eye contact. Our game set several rules to encourage children with ASD to make eye contact with each other, we use the mask to cover children's face to reduce their stress when making eye contact, and we developed a device attached to the mask that can define if eye contact is occurring. We conducted a pilot user study using MaskMe with 18 children with autism, the result shows that our game was effective on encourage them to have more eye contact with each other.


&NA; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are common human pathogens that have acquired broad antibiotic resistance, rendering infection by some strains virtually untreatable. Enterobacteriaceae are intestinal residents, but generally represent <1% of the adult colonic microbiota. Antibiotic‐mediated destruction of the microbiota enables Enterobacteriaceae to expand to high densities in the colon, markedly increasing the risk of bloodstream invasion, sepsis, and death. Here, we demonstrate that an antibiotic‐naive microbiota suppresses growth of antibiotic‐resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis by acidifying the proximal colon and triggering short chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐mediated intracellular acidification. High concentrations of SCFAs and the acidic environment counter the competitive edge that O2 and NO3 respiration confer upon Enterobacteriaceae during expansion. Reestablishment of a microbiota that produces SCFAs enhances clearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis from the intestinal lumen and represents a potential therapeutic approach to enhance clearance of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. &NA; Sorbara et al. report a critical function of the healthy intestinal microbiota in preventing the expansion of antibiotic‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae that depends on the production of high levels of short chain fatty acids and an acidic environment to trigger intracellular acidification of Enterobacteriaceae.


Current-day embedded systems are very vulnerable to faults and defects. Anomaly detection is often the primary means of providing early indication of faults and defects. This paper presents a probabilistic method, which employs the probability of data events to evaluate the behavior of system. In order to measure the probability of events in the system, sampling of two events with distinct distance is done. Consequently, during test stage, the probability of events can be measured. An anomaly exists in test data provided that this probability does not reach a predefined threshold. The experiments on 112 standard benchmarks show that the proposed method can detect 100% of anomalies. Also, the area overhead of the proposed detector grows linearly, while the area overhead of other typical detectors grows exponentially by the increase in one of the detector's parameters.


In this paper, the capacity of the limited length antenna array systems is presented. Since, the total size of the array is often fixed, thus the correlation of fading and also the mutual coupling of two elements separated in index by some value l is increased. The obtained results show that with and without channel state information in most of the cases, the three linear antenna arrays is the optimum choice. Arranging antennas in x-y plane and in y-z plane are also considered. Previous studies show that the without mutual coupling, capacity of a (N, N) multiple element antenna (MEA) system converges by increasing N, but there is no convergence, in the presence of mutual coupling.


It has become an almost hackneyed phrase that of all vertebrates man shows the highest degree of 'cerebration'l (v. Economo, '28, '29). His superior intelligence and his cultural achievements are generally thought of as being correlated with the size of his brain. Consequently, the evolutionary process of this organ is very often depicted as a continuous increase in bulk, from our simian ancestors, through Pithecanthropus (to which Sinanthropus should now be added), Neanderthal man, the Cro Magnon race, up to neolithic man, and finally to modern types. Nobody, of course, questions the truth of this statement as far as the earlier subhuman stages are concerned, but the evolution within the genus Homo is still imperfectly understood. Broca (1862), in a famous memoir, tried to show that this was the straightforward process one might expect to find a priori, but doubts were expressed by Retzius ('15) who based his objections on an extensive study of Swedish skulls ranging from early neolithic down to modern times. Few modern authors even touch upon this question. Of those who do, Martin ('28) mentions Broca and Retzius and adduces other material. He finally states that "der Schluss einer Abnahme der Intelligenz im Laufe der Zeiten durfte kaum zulassig sein" as though intelligence and cranial capacity were the


The essence of "rule of law" is "rule of conscientious law", the issue of "value constructing of the conscientious law" is a very important problem. As far as the "value constructing of the conscientious law" is concerned, good trait and function of the law is its substaintial basis, the needs to the benefits of the law subjects is its subjective cause, and the legislation is its practical approach.


from Orkney and from the Moray Frith beds, namely, Ch. Trailli, Ag., Ch. uragus, Ag., Ch. Cummingice, Ag., Ch. curtus, McCoy, Ch. macrocephalus, McCoy, and Ch. velox, McCoy. Most patient observation has however years ago convinced me that there is only one species of Cheirolepis as yet known from the British Old Red Sandstone, and that all the differences noted are entirely due to different modes of preservation and crushing. A similar view was long ago expressed by Mr. Powrie (GEOL. MAG. Vol. IV. 1867, pp. 147-152).


Oxygen diffusion in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.91 at high temperatures (1400-1500 K) has been studied with use of molecular-dynamics simulation techniques employing Born model potentials. The oxygen diffusion is found to occur mainly within the Cu(1)-O basal plane by a vacancy mechanism; and the oxygen diffusion coefficient (D) is calculated as D=1.4×10 -4 exp[(0.98 eV/kT] cm 2 s -1 , which is in good agreement with experimental results. Details of the oxygen-migration mechanisms are obtained from particle trajectories which are analyzed with use of molecular-graphics techniques


Investment has a crucial impact on the economic development of territories. Traditionally, scholars studied many factors influencing investment (cost of interest rate, labor productivity, GDP growth, financial firm's performance). At present, the existing body of literature demonstrates the shift of factors related to territorial investment attractiveness. Besides economic dimension, the ecological and social matters take key stages (the ESG concept and the triple bottom line concept). Our study is aimed at exploring the relationship between investment at municipal level and ecological factors, considering regional specifics and settlement patterns in Russia. We applied hierarchical (multilevel) modeling with spatial effects to accomplish a twofold goal: to estimate what share of investment variance attributed to municipal and regional scale; to distinguish between spatial error at regional level and influence of average investment in neighboring municipalities at municipal level. Our findings show that 32% total investment variance accounted for regional scale; investment is positively associated with population, production per capita and the ratio of circulating water and sequentially used water to used fresh water. The results of this paper could be useful in developing policy for attracting investment at regional and municipal levels. Given vast national territories, a variety of different regions and heterogeneous settlement patterns, our study lays an initial ground of assessing environmental impact on investment in Russia.


The complexation of a julolidine–quinoline based tridentate ligand with three oxo-metal ions, dioxo-vanadium(V), oxo-rhenium(V) and dioxo-uranium(VI), has been investigated with four new complexes being synthesised and structurally characterised. (VO2L)·2/3H2O (1) {HL (C22H21N3O) = ((E)-9-((quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl)-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-8-ol)} has a VO2L neutral mononuclear structure with a five-fold coordinated vanadium metal centre in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. (ReOL2)2(ReCl6)·7DMF (2) [DMF = dimethylformamide] exhibits a mixed valent rhenium complex with a (ReOL2)+ cationic unit in a distorted octahedral metal coordination geometry, charge balanced with (ReCl6)2− anions. [(UO2)L(H2O)2]2·2(NO3)·HL·4H2O (3) and [(UO2)L(CH3OH)2](NO3)·CH3OH (4) both have (UO2L)+ cationic mononuclear structures with either coordinated water or methanol molecules in pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometries for the uranium metal centres. Intra-/intermolecular interactions including hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions are common and have been discussed. In addition, optical absorption and photoluminescence properties have been investigated.


To improve the accuracy of remotely sensed estimates of the trophic state index (TSI) of inland urban water bodies, key environmental factors (water temperature and wind field) were considered during the modelling process. Such environmental factors can be easily measured and display a strong correlation with TSI. Then, a backpropagation neural network (BP-NN) was applied to develop the TSI estimation model using remote sensing and environmental factors. The model was trained and validated using the TSI quantified by five water trophic indicators obtained for the period between 2018 and 2019, and then we selected the most appropriate combination of input variables according to the performance of the BP-NN. Our results demonstrate that the optimal performance can be obtained by combining the water temperature and single-band reflection values of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery as input variables (R2 = 0.922, RMSE = 3.256, MAPE = 2.494%, and classification accuracy rate = 86.364%). Finally, the spatial and temporal distribution of the aquatic trophic state over four months with different trophic levels was mapped in Gongqingcheng City using the TSI estimation model. In general, the predictive maps based on our proposed model show significant seasonal changes and spatial characteristics in the water trophic state, indicating the possibility of performing cost-effective, RS-based TSI estimation studies on complex urban water bodies elsewhere.


Flame monitoring device with a voltage generating and measuring device (10) which - a voltage generation unit (12) for generating an ignition voltage for the operation of an ignition device (14) of a burner (22) and / or for generating an ionization voltage of the ionization electrode (16) for monitoring a flame (28) of the burner (22) and - comprises a measurement unit (20) for measuring an ionization current generated by the ionization voltage, and a control unit (24) for controlling the voltage generating unit (12) and for evaluating the measured values of the measuring unit (20), characterized in that the control unit (24) is adapted to at least one dynamic feedback (30a, 30b) to detect the voltage generating and measuring assembly (10) and evaluated for detecting a malfunction of an element of the voltage generating and measuring device (10).


Purpose – Uncovering faculty members' conceptions of Information Literacy (IL), as well as exploring their perceptions with regard to the importance given to a previously defined set of core IL competences grouped into four categories: searching, evaluation, processing and communication and dissemination. Ascertaining the possible differences among the five knowledge branches (arts and humanities, sciences, social and legal sciences, health sciences, and technical disciplines); and understanding the importance granted to a set of learning improvement initiatives by the faculty. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The survey was completed by a set of faculty members from the University of Granada (Spain). Data were collected using the IL-HUMASS survey. The research is based on subjective data, first approached from a descriptive point of view. Later, data correlation, analysis and non-parametric tests were used with the goal of finding significant differences of faculty pe...


Knowledge service capability is the fundamental driving force for future development of digital library.It is based on knowledge and determines the resource transformation and service performance.Combined with the working characteristics of digital library,this paper puts forward the research significance of competence theory and analyzes the connotation and features of knowledge service capability in detail.Finally,it discusses the construction of knowledge service capability system of digital library and its influencing factors.


One important issue in the provision of QoS guarantees is the study of the scheduling disciplines to be employed at network switches.In this paper,we strive to combine the simplicity of frame based schedulers with the performance characteristics of generalized processor sharing(GPS) disciplines,and propose a new scheduling mechanism named Hierarchical Frame based Fair Queueing(HFFQ).HFFQ can support both real time traffic and non real time traffic at the same time.In addition,it tremendously decrease the implement complexity by using counters to substitute the computing of system virtual time of other mechanism.At last,we evaluate some performance metrics of the HFFQ,such as fairness,service rate etc,using both analysis and simulation,and the results show that HFFQ has a better performance than that of PGPS.


Fix an uncountable cardinal λ. A symmetric matrix M = (mαβ)α,β<λ whose entries are countable ordinals is called strongly universal if for every positive integer n, for every n × n matrix (bij)i,j<n and for every uncountable set A = {a : a ∈ A} ⊆ [λ]n of disjoint n-tuples a = {a0, ..., an−1}< there are a, a′ ∈ A such that bij = aiaj for 0 ≤ i, j < n. We go beyond the recent dramatic discoveries for λ = ω1, ω2 and address the question of the possibility of the existence of a strongly universal matrix for λ > ω2. Due to the undecidibility of some weak versions of the Ramsey property for λ ≥ ω2 the positive answer can be at most consistent, but we show that some natural methods of forcing cannot yield that answer for λ > ω2. We use our method of "forcing with side conditions in semimorasses" to construct generically λ by λ strongly universal matrices for any cardinal λ. The results are proved in more generality, related concepts are investigated, some questions are stated and some application are given.


The Anick spaces play a key role in an unstable filtration of the stable homotopy of V(0) to produce secondary EHP sequences. This work establishes that the Anick spaces are homotopy associative and homotopy commutative H-spaces, and that they have a universal mapping property for maps into a homotopy commutative and homotopy associative H-space with a (necessary) condition on the growth of the p torsion. This is utilized to establish an unstable composition theory. The techniques involve generalized Whitehead products based on co-H spaces, calculations in a congruence category that lies between the unstable category and the stable category, and a controlled version of the extension theorem for principal fibrations.


240 Presenting the industrial steam turbines produced by Siemens in this article, I could not but turn the readers' attention to the chronology of its cooperation with Russia. This cooperation encompasses a wide range of industry branches, in which the implementa� tion of numerous projects of the German transna� tional concern brought about successful results: power engineering and transport, electrical engineering and electronics, telecommunication, medical equipment, and social infrastructure of cities.


Two years after its conception, the Elderhostel program continues to draw acclaim from participants, staff, and observers. The Aristotelian concept of the liberal arts deals with the interplay between subject matter and learner. So great is this interplay in the Elderhostel program that it is difficult to judge whether the hosteler is more liberated or more liberating. This leads to the observation that one good way of solving problems is to treat them as solutions.


WITH a globally aging population, the schemes relating to old age financial security are in trouble all over the world. World Bank estimates indi'cate that the number of people above 60 years will double in the next three decades. By the year 2030, 80 per cent of the world's old people will live in what are today the developing countries. Of this more than 25 per cent will be in China alone. As the traditional family support systems break down over time due to structural changes in these countries, the need for developing alternative systems acquires prominence. Shaped by historical circumstances. nations have endeavoured to build their own safety nets for the old. In thefollowing we will explain the structure, strengths, weaknesses and other related issues of old age financial security systems. Most of the existing systems are publicly managed, related to the workers' earnings and are pay-as-you-go type systems. Most are also plagued by financial and managerial problems and will perhaps find it ditficult to survive the pressures they are likely to face in the future. Some innovations have been tried but much remains to be done. The World Bank has suggested that the three main functions of the old age financial security system, viz, savings, redistribution and insurance, be provided through a multi pillar approach rather than through a single approach that would eventually satisfy none of the three criteria completely [World Bank 1994]. In view of the diversity of approaches followed and a plethora of problems no emphasis can be complete. In this paper the pension policies in the world are reviewed. For analytical purposes three important distinctions are kept in mind: the economic history of the countries, the expectations from the policy (besides old age security) and finally, in light of the above two criteria, the difference between success and ftailure in implementation based on real life experience. The paper is divided into the following sections: the second section will introduce a review of the widely recognised and commonly agreed typology of pension schemes, the third section will deal with existing systems and their weaknesses and Section IV will discuss the major similarities and differences between the developing and the developed economy systems.


In order to construct the assessment model of general disease resistance in Yorkshire,eight important cytokines levels(IL-1β,IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TGF-β,TNF-αand IFN-γ)were detected in 30-day-age Yorkshire piglets,respectively,and then the principal component analysis was carried out on the immune traits.The results showed that fore 5character values were selected as the principal components(occupied 87.721% of accumulative contribution rate),and these five components contained nearly all the original information.The combined scores of diarrheal and health weaning piglets in 30-day-age were compared by the assessment model in different genotype population,and the results showed that the combined score of weaning piglets of health group was 0.080,and weaning piglets of diarrheal group was-0.009.This study initially identified the main components which affected the general disease resistance of Yorkshire,and made the preliminary verification of it.The result provided some guidance and theoretical basis for the early disease resistance breeding of Yorkshire in the future.


A cricket simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cricket wicket device including a stump having a stick shape, a sensing device capable of sensing whether an external impact is applied to the cricket wicket device, And a controller for receiving data on whether an external impact has been applied to the cricket jacket device and controlling the virtual cricket competition flow.


Silicon carbide coated abrasives grind stone or concrete most efficiently when run dry and at high speeds. This high energy process appears to heat the surface layer of the workpiece to temperatures which make "chip formation" easy. However, neither the ground surface of the workpiece nor the coated abrasive is thermally damaged to any significant degree. Dry dust collection may be an attractive alternative to the removal of wet debris in water lubricated operations. Brick for construction or for refractory applications could possibly be ground by this method. Prefabricated terrazzo made with either polymeric or inorganic grouts are also candidates for dimensioning and finishing by this process. A great many other applications may exist which could be carried out with suitably designed equipment. These include the large scale grinding of roads, bridge abutments, airport runways and concrete walls, the texturing of road surfaces for skid resistance, and the removal of traffic marking paints.


The method for setting parameters of a field device (FG) of process automation technology, wherein the field device (FG) over a certain amount of device parameters (T), wherein a plurality of Parametriermodule (PM1, PM2, PMn) are provided, by means of a respective one of Parametriermodule (PM1, PM2, PM n) each for the parameters of a first Teilmenge (T1) of Gerateparameter (T) for configuring the Feldgerates (FG) determined to be where by a Hilfsmodul (HM) data (CAD / CAE), focusing on the application, be used in the field device (FG), refer detected, and wherein by means of the auxiliary module (HM) of the Parametriermodule (PM1, PM2, PMn) for the parameterization of the field device (FG) is selected.


COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH Thesis/Dissertation Defense Announcement Form Student's Name: __________________________________________________________________ Department/Program: ______________________________________________________________ Chair, Thesis/Dissertation Committee: _________________________________________________ Committee Members: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________


To build an accurate subsurface sequence stratigraphic framework, an interpreter ideally needs to correlate all seismic events with available well data. Without a (semi-)automated correlation approach, such a workflow is not feasible. In this article, we present a workflow that integrates seismic data and well data through a HorizonCube, a dense set of auto-tracked seismic events. The mapped events are simultaneously analysed in the relative geologic time (Wheeler) domain and in the structural domain. Among others, HorizonCube derived attributes are extracted to help analyse relative changes in sedimentation rate, base level variations, depositional trends and geomorphologic patterns. All extracted information is collectively interpreted and calibrated to well data. The workflow is illustrated in two subsurface case studies representing a fluvio-deltaic and a mixed silliciclastic-carbonate settings.


Some practical approaches to the broad analytical definition of high-purity chemicals for use as clinical laboratory standards are highlighted. Techniques applied include precision gravimetry and titrimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, phase solubility analysis, emission spectrography, flame absorption photometry, polarography, cold-vapor atomic absorption photometry (for mercury), solution photometry, turbidimetry, thin-layer chromatography, as well as general tests, and the measurement of properties. The characterization of various standards is delineated, including standards for calcium, chloride, lithium, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, creatinine, dextrose, glycine, urea, and uric acid.


[1] We examined the P wave velocity structure around the 660 km discontinuity at the tip of the subducting Pacific slab beneath northeastern China by forward modeling waveform triplication data. A total of 742 broadband seismograms were recorded by dense regional seismic networks in China from a deep earthquake that occurred near the border of east Russia and northeast China, providing an unprecedented density of ray coverage near the front edge of the subducting Pacific slab. Multiple P waves were observed on single seismograms in the distance range of ∼14°–29°. The P wave triplication shows the following two features: (1) the direct arrival traveling above the 660 km discontinuity (AB branch) extends as far as ∼29°, approximately 6° further than the prediction from velocity model of International Association of Seismology and the Physics of the earth's interior (iasp91); (2) the refracted wave propagating through the lower mantle (CD branch) appears at a distance a few degrees greater than that of the iasp91 synthetics. Forward waveform modeling suggests that they are best explained by a high-velocity transition zone underlain by a ∼50–70 km thick 660 km discontinuity. The broadened discontinuity is likely caused by multiple phase transitions associated with the dissolutions of olivine and garnet components.


Abstract The fold content of polyethylene, which varies with drawing and/or annealing, was evaluated by an IR method. Solution-grown n-paraffin single crystals are assumed as a standard material containing no folds, while solution-grown single crystals of polyethylene are assumed to contain one unit of fold content. In preparing mixtures of these two standard materials, the following equation is obtained: A1304—0.49A1350 = 0.14Cf A1304 and 0.49A1350 are the absorbances of the IR band at 1304 and 1350 cm-1, respectively. The fold contents (Cf of polyethylene specimens prepared under various conditions are estimated in terms of this equation. In the drawing process of polyethylene films, Cf decreases abruptly in the region of draw ratio of 2 ∼ 3 and gradually decreases with further drawing when drawn along the machine direction. The content of remaining folds are quite different between specimens drawn along the machine direction and those drawn transversely to this direction. This fact reflects the differe...


During the development of a building project all decisions are reliant on
information, its transfer and interpretation. As IT networks are crucial to the
efficient management of the building process, the security of these links is
critical to the assurance of quality and success in a project.
This paper considers counter-intrusion strategies for maximising security
during the design, development and implementation stages of a building
project. Through an analysis of documented intrusion strategies this paper
considers IT concerns for data-theft in an industry wherein the potential for
criminal intrusion is increasing every year.


1 Institut du Savoir Montfort Recherche, Ottawa, ON, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 3 School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy


Evaluation of the 'Fragebogen zum Figurbewusstsein' (FFB, German version of the Body Shape Questionnaire) Background: The German version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (FFB) is widely used to assess different aspects of body dissatisfaction. In the present study the FFB is evaluated extensively for the first time. Method: Two groups of normal controls (n = 201 and n = 189 women, respectively) were included, as well as 182 women with the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and 49 women with the diagnosis of binge eating disorder. Results: In each of the four groups a principal component analysis revealed a single factor. The reliability of the FFB was found to be good. Clinical and non-clinical groups were significantly different with respect to their FFB-scores. Specific correlations between the FFB-score and different measures of symptoms of bulimia also supported the validity of the FFB. Finally, preliminary norms were estimated. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the FFB is suitable for usage in therapy and research.


This article highlights the investigation of the world image, which is one of the fields of cognitive linguistics, which involves the concept of cognitive problems and their reflection in language, as a set of objective expressions that reflect the concentration of experience of a particular language community in language as a transmitter of certain ideas about the world.Moreover, language as a multifaceted phenomenon is explained and the language carrier's functions are determined. The indicators that constitute the essence of communicative competence are distinguished as, knowledge of language as a system (speech ability); have non-contradictory methods of communication (genre competence); and knowledge of the information space, the world (cognitive-epistemological competence). Keywords : world image, linguistic relativity, language carrier, speech ability.


For a positive integer d, the usual d-dimensional cube Qd is defined to be the graph (K2), the Cartesian product of d copies of K2. We define the generalized cube Q(Kk, d) to be the graph (Kk) for positive integers d and k. We investigate the decomposition of the complete multipartite graph Kkj×kn−j into factors that are vertex-disjoint unions of generalized cubes Q(Kk, di), where k is a power of a prime, n and j are positive integers with j ≤ n, and the di may be different in different factors. We also use these results to partially settle a problem of Kotzig on Qd-factorizations of Kn. c © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 33: 144–150,


The paper discusses the problem of the quality of electric current, indicating its disadvantages. Based on them, using the FTA method, a power failure tree diagram was developed. The simplest methods of hardware prevention of low power quality occurrence are shown. In this case, a power failure tree was also developed using the same method. The obtained results were compared and discussed.


The community economic development (CED) framework has its roots at the margins of society but has gained a broader interest. This paper examines some key principles associated with the CED framework. Interviews with practitioners within three CED organizations in Vancouver resulted in themes that link CED as a strategy for sustaining a broader vision of the organizations. CED ventures provide opportunities that enhance the connection for marginalized peoples to participate in local community organizations. Yet, there are challenges around delivering services within an alternative framework operationalized within a market-based paradigm. Nevertheless, CED initiatives can have far reaching impacts beyond the individual and the organization. Indeed, CED is about networks of communities within communities.


[Objective]To investigate the morbidity,classification and treatment of multiple fracture around the knee in adults,and to analyze the significance of AO classification in the treatment.[Method]Multiple fractures in 167 patients from 2003 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed and grouped according to their ages,occurring years,mechanism of injury and treatment.AO/OTA classification was assessed from the preoperative X-ray result,and healing situation was evaluated according to postoperative X-ray.[Result]All 167 multiple fractures around the knee accounted 23.69% for all lower limb fractures,with 89.2% of male and 10.8 of female.For the patient's age analysis,30-40 years old age group accounted for the largest proportion (29.34%).For the injury mechanism,traffic accident accounted for the largest proportion (53.29%).Distal femur + proximal tibia fracture accounted for 44.3%.patella + distal femur fracture accounted for 31.1%.Proximal tibia + patella accounted for 19.8%.Distal femur + proximal tibia + patella accounted for 4.8%.According to AO classification,A3 fracture was the most common in distal femoral fracture group (25.4%).B1 fracture was the most common in proximal tibia fracture group (21.7).C3 fracture was the most common in patella fracture (31.2).Tthe final good-to-excellent rate was 85.63%.[Conclusion]Distal femoral fracture combined with proximal tibia fracture was the most common in multiple fractures around the knee.The common fracture type is supracondylar fracture in femur,transverse patella and tibia.Application of nail,plate,wire and tension band,et al.can achieve good fixation.


The quick deployment and flexible characteristics of wireless ad hoc networks make them suitable for many commercial and daily life applications. A most challenging task in these distributed networks is ensuring quality of service to end-to-end user in presence of wireless channel, random network topology, unpredictable traffic patterns, and shared resources. The performance of network is limit by the amount of interference in the network in case of simultaneous transmission over same frequency band. In this paper, we address interference issue in presence of nakagami fading and lognormal shadowing channel conditions and proposed an Interference Aware Cooperative Routing (IACR) approach to manage routing operations between nodes. The presented model reflects realistic scenarios for urban areas where fading and shadowing occurs due to tall buildings in the neighborhood of transmitters. The proposed solution establishes routes between source and destination by introducing cooperation among network nodes. Each node in the network selects path such that interference created by it towards other nodes is minimized taking into account that the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) at destination does not decreases a threshold value. Hence, the presented approach reduces amount of overall interference in the network without degrading the quality of individual route. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed solution is better than conventional hop count and interference aware routing algorithms in terms of throughput and outage probability of the network. Index Terms – Interference aware routing, cooperative routing, reactive protocols, ad hoc networks, nakagami fading,


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Hydrogels are insoluble water-swollen networks that are being widely investigated for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. These polymers consist of a wide range of chemistries and can be formed through a variety of mechanisms, including physical and chemical gelation. This chapter presents a list of potential advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogels as biomaterials. Properties of hydrogels that are important to their design and use as biomaterials include swelling, mechanics, and degradation. There have been many types of hydrogels developed for biomaterials applications. These hydrogels are either natural, for example, fibrin, collagen and gelatin, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and agarose or modified natural polymers or are synthetically derived, for example, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), and polypeptides. Many of these hydrogels are increasingly explored as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, such as for the generation of cartilage, bone, liver, neurons, muscle, and fat. For such applications, physical properties, mass transport properties, and biological properties of the hydrogel must all be considered and tailored for a particular application.


Abstract For any (Hausdorff) compact group G, denote by
$\mathrm{cp}(G)$
 the probability that a randomly chosen pair of elements of G commute. We prove that there exists a finite group H such that
$\mathrm{cp}(G)= {\mathrm{cp}(H)}/{|G:F|^2}$
 , where F is the FC-centre of G and H is isoclinic to F with
$\mathrm{cp}(F)=\mathrm{cp}(H)$
 whenever
$\mathrm{cp}(G)>0$
 . In addition, we prove that a compact group G with
$\mathrm{cp}(G)>\tfrac {3}{40}$
 is either solvable or isomorphic to
$A_5 \times Z(G)$
 , where
$A_5$
 denotes the alternating group of degree five and the centre
$Z(G)$
 of G contains the identity component of G.


Stressed, fractured rocks can have complex symmetry. Understanding the compaction and burial history of a basin can be used to better build complex models based on geological concepts and numerical modeling. In this example, we show how 3D stress modeling through basin evolution in time (4D geomechanical basin modeling) enables us to identify fracture orientation based on failure criteria and direction of minimum principal stresses which together with the structural geometry and rock physics modeling can be transformed into the anisotropic elastic stiffness tensor and its symmetry. We demonstrate this integrated concept on a Gulf of Mexico basin model.


The region around Mercury is filled with ions that originate from interactions of the solar wind with Mercury's space environment and through ionization of its exosphere. The MESSENGER spacecraft's observations of Mercury's ionized exosphere during its first flyby yielded Na, O, and K abundances consistent with expectations from observations of neutral species. There are increases in ions at mass per charge (m/q) = 32 to 35, which we interpret to be S and H2S with (S+H2S)/(Na + Mg) = 0.67 ± 0.06, and from water-group ions around m/q = 18, at an abundance of 0.20


The recent and steady increase in fuel cost, climate change and pollution has created a public awareness for energy conservation. The Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is known to be highly inefficient during stop/start (acceleration) and idle periods at intersections and traffic lights. These are areas where electric vehicles surpass the efficiency of any ICE powered vehicle. Historically public opinion has been that electric vehicles do not have a place in everyday transport needs due to that fact they are limited by range. However a government study recently released figures stating that the average distance travelled by New Zealanders every day was less than 50km. Recent advances in electronic motor control have seen three phase Brushless DC Hub Motors in E-bikes become more readily available. These motors are also being prototyped in four wheel passenger vehicles for mass production. These Brushless Hub Motors are simple compact devices that allow for a reduction in moving mechanical parts and therefore servicing costs. Because a large percentage of New Zealand's electricity production is via renewable energy resources it was proposed that a short range electric vehicle could be a solution to reducing the average New Zealander's daily commuting expenditure. This thesis is directed at producing a proof of concept short range electric vehicle that might suit the daily needs of the average New Zealander, promote the clean green image and reduce their carbon footprint. The project covers the design of a vehicle to be classified as a Land Transport New Zealand LB2 vehicle. This includes chassis design, motor selection and motor controller design. The main focus of the thesis is the design of a three phase Brushless DC motor controller and the accompanying firmware required to control it. The design is specifically focused on reduction in motor controller size, reduced cost and component


Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. DTI provides quantitative information at microstuructural level via its parameter indices e.g. mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). It also allows for visualization of neuron fibres through a specific technique called fibre tractography. Leukoaraiosis is an asymptomatic pathological condition of the brain white matter which appears hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI images. Association of leukoaraiosis with age and ischemic heart disease have been previously reported. The objective of this study is to compare MD and FA values measured in various areas of the brain white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in humans using DTI. 30 subjects with leukoaraiosis and 12 subjects without leukoaraiosis underwent brain scan using GE 1.5 Tesla MRI system. Region of interests were located in the CSF and various WM and GM areas. Comparison of MD and FA values was made between leukoaraiosis tissue (LA) and normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) measured within the same leukoaraiosis subjects, and with normal brain tissue (CONTROL) of healthy control subjects. LA demonstrated a significantly higher MD and lower FA compared to NABT and CONTROL in frontal and occipital WM areas. No differences were observed in MD in any brain region between NABT and CONTROL. Whereas no differences were observed in FA between NABT and CONTROL except in the occipital WM. Fibre tractography showed 31.7% to 56.1% lesser fibre tracts in LA subjects compared to CONTROL subjects. Significant differences were found between pathological tissue compared to normal appearing brain tissue and normal brain tissue. Fibre tractography exposed reduced number of neural fibres in leukoaraiosis subjects as compared to normal subjects.


Precision spectroscopy of molecular ions has applications in astrochemistry, quantum state controlled chemical reactions, and measurements of fundamental constants. While spectroscopy of molecular ions is challenging, we present techniques to study molecular ions co-trapped with laser-cooled atomic ions in ion traps. We recently demonstrated the measurement of the ν′ = 10← ν = 0 and ν′ = 9← ν = 0 overtone transitions in CaH+a. using resonant two photon dissociation. This technique is extended to the 2Σ← 1Σ electronic transition, which should be rotationally resolvable. This resolution will allow further investigation into the internal state control of CaH by techniques such as optical pumping, cryogenic cooling, and buffer gas cooling.


Study design, materials and methods A total of 34 patients with severe stress urinary incontinence after prostatic surgery were treated with an AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter between November 2004 and April 2013. Among them 20 (58,8%) required prior surgery due to posterior urethral stricture.In all patients the evaluation of urethral lumen, continence and quality of life was performed. In order to evaluate impact of various factors Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The cure was defined as ≤ 1 pad per day, improvement as the reduction of incontinence of more than 50%, success was defined as the sum of cure and improvement.


1-Methylimidazolium chlorochromate was prepared by the addition of 1-methylimidazole into a solution of chromic trioxide in 6M hydrochloric acid and obtained in high yield as bright yellow crystalline solids. The reagent was found to be very effective for the oxidation of alcohols and the oxidative cleavage of oximes to the corresponding carbonyl compounds.


The nuclear modification factors of the ground and excited states of J/psi were measured via dimuon channels in pPb and PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV. The analysis was performed as functions of collision centrality, rapidity, and transverse momentum. The results are discussed in the framework of the modified nuclear parton distribution function (for pPb) and the interaction of charmonia with dense partonic matter.


HEATHER KIRN LANIER IS A FORMER TEACH FOR AMERICA 2002 CORPS MEMBER who was placed at a public school in Baltimore, Maryland where she taught English for two years. Teaching in the Terrordome: Two Years in West Baltimore with Teach For America, Lanier's nonfictional account of her two years spent teaching in a urban public school, was published in 2012. In the thirteen years since Lanier completed her two-year commitment with Teach For America (TFA), urban education reform has changed dramatically while garnering mainstream attention in the media, political campaigns, academia, law and policy. The purpose of this paper is to contrast my own personal experience completing an Alternative Certification Program similar to TFA and teaching for two years in New Orleans, Louisiana with Lanier's time in Baltimore. While I began teaching in a similar environment only one decade after Lanier, I endured a completely different experience. I assert these disparities can illustrate the shortcomings of recent education reform.At least until the conclusion of the narrative, Teaching in the Terrordome: Two Years in West Baltimore with Teach For America, Lanier does not attempt to lend aid to one side of the debates concerning urban education reform. Nor does she give detailed solutions on how to improve failing urban schools. Instead, Lanier eloquently describes her experience completing a task most recent college graduates would find incomprehensible: teaching for two years in a failing school with only five weeks of training for preparation. The narrative aims to educate those outside of the education field of the ineffectiveness that infiltrates all levels of urban education in many present day American cities. However, Teaching in the Terrordome accomplishes much more, offering different forms of insight depending on the reader's prior experience; the strength of the narrative is its relevance to a variety of reader demographics. For those who have worked at a school outside of an urban setting, the book can be used to compare successful and unsuccessful schools in a multitude of ways. Alternatively, those who have worked at a similar school to Lanier's, such as myself, will appreciate reflecting on difficult experiences with a narrative that captures the daily and yearly frustrations only a high-needs school educator would fully understand.In the years since Heather Kirn Lanier attended summer institute, TFA has become a strong component of the debate surrounding education reform. Founded in 1990 by Wendy Kopp as a thesis project with 500 members, TFA has grown from around 1500 yearly corps members during Lanier's participation to around 6000 in 2013 (TFA, 2013 ). Similar programs, such as The New Teacher Project started by TFA alum Michelle Rhee have also expanded in this time. For example, teachNOLA, one part of The New Teacher Project, tripled in size from the time I participated, in 2010, to 2013, increasing from about 60 to 170 yearly members (TNTP, 2015). During this time, charter schools have increased in almost every state. Nationally, the number of charter schools has tripled since the turn of the century from about 2000 to 6000 (NAPCS, 2014). Many prominent charter school advocates and organization leaders are TFA alumni, including Sara Usdin (New Schools for New Orleans), Chris Barbic (YES College Prep), Dave Levin (KIPP Schools), and Cami Anderson (Superintendent of Newark, NJ Public Schools). Lanier taught at a traditional public school, Southwestern High School, that was closed in 2007, torn down, and replaced by a SEED foundation boarding charter school. Charter school growth will be integral to my analysis of Lanier's work even though the author does not directly address the topic in Teaching in the Terrordome.Alternative Certification Programs'Alternative Certification Program' (ACP) has become common vernacular in the education field. ACPs help recent college graduates or people looking to change careers receive their teacher certifications without having to receive formal degrees in education. …


This work reports studies on the aerodynamics of air flow in the plenum chamber of a swirling fluidized bed. The study focused on the effect of annular spiral blade distributor configuration whereby the effect of various pitch length (60 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm) via various horizontal inclination angle (0°, 12° and 15°). The CFD method is used to compute and obtain the performance results as well as pressure drop data. Moreover, high pressure drop is undesirable since high pumping power is needed to sustain the pressure needed to run the swirling fluidized bed processes. It should be as low as possible to reduce the power being wasted during the processes. The numerical result at the parameter of horizontal blade inclination of 15° via pitch length of spiral blade distributor of 100 mm shows that effect on large overlapping length of blade (trapezoidal) area consume less pressure drop.


Genotyping mice by DNA based methods is both laborious and costly. As an alternative, we systematically examined fluorescent proteins expressed in the lens as transgenic markers for mice. A set of eye markers has been selected such that double and triple transgenic animals can be visually identified and that fluorescence intensity in the eyes can be used to distinguish heterozygous from homozygous mice. Taken together, these eye markers dramatically reduce the time and cost of genotyping transgenics and empower analysis of genetic interaction.


The purposes of this paper are to clarify the context of the ecological suitability assessment on industrial land,and evaluate the ecological suitability of the industrial land in Wuhan.Methods of multiple factors evaluation and spatial analysis through GIS were employed.The results indicated that 1)the ecological suitability assessment of urban industrial land was necessarily to include the ecological factors;2) the ecological suitability assessment of industrial land was conducted for Wuhan city,pointing out that the spatial analysis should be conducted at same spatial scale;3) proposing the industrial development direction for Wuhan.It is concluded that the pattern of the industrial development of Wuhan could be described as group-organized pattern and should be avoided from the ecological-sensitive areas.


This research manuscript describe simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and repeatable RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Cefixime Trihydrate and Ofloxacin in tablet dosage form. The sample was analyzed by reverse phase C18 column (Phenomenex C18, 5µ, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) as stationary phase; methanol : water : phosphate buffer, pH 4.9 (60: 20 : 20 , v/v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Quantification was achieved with PDA detector at 290 nm. The retention time for Cefixime Trihydrate and Ofloxacin was found to be 3.30 and 5.00 min, respectively. The linearity for both the drugs was obtain in the concentration range of 2.0- 20 µg/ml with mean accuracies 99.48 ± 0.83 and 99.52 ± 0.91 for Cefixime Trihydrate and Ofloxacin, respectively. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutica l formulation because no chromatograph ic interferences from tablet excipients were found. The method retained its accuracy and precision when the standard addition technique was applied.


Voltage source inverter (VSI) and current source inverter (CSI) have been used as the main power converters for many years. However (VSI) and (CSI) have a limited voltage gain. The growth of renewable energy usage increases the need to improve wide gain range power converters. Impedance source inverter (ZSI) has been introduced to limit the drawbacks of traditional inverters. (ZSI) has the ability of buck, boost and inversion in a single stage construction without increasing the number of active switches with the privilege of simple control methods. Nevertheless, (ZSI) suffers from many drawbacks such as high voltage stresses, non-linear relations and large size impedance network. Since it was introduced, many researchers have given their focus to improve (ZSI) by filling those gaps. In this paper a comprehensive survey of (ZSI) topology improvements for various applications is carried out with a discussion of the basic operation of (ZSI) and its PWM control methods.


A novel arrangement is proposed to enhance the power generating capabilities of a spin stabilized geostationary satellite (spinner). The unilluminated solar array area of the usual spinner (as sunlight falls on only one side) is illuminated by employing despun optical solar reflectors. The different mechanisms required for implementation of this arrangement are already space proven. The detailed study of this arrangement made by the authors reveals that the practical realization of this concept will enhance the power generating capability of the spinner and simultaneously reduce the weight (per unit power) and cost (per unit power) in such spinners.


After having presented the public debate on immigration, the article focuses on the contribution of intercultural education. Subsequently, the paper explores the issues of deconstruction, interdisciplinary dialogue and intercultural education as a mediation field


It's important to identify structural modal parameters, especially, accurate modal shapes in time domain for accurate damage identification and health monitoring of structures. The natural excitation vibration is used to identify the structural modal parameters. The power spectral density curve has obtained according to the measuring point vibration time domain curve, and then natural frequencies and vibration value are determined by the curve peak. The reference point is taken for the vibration unit values to normalize other modal shapes. The modal shapes are calculated using the phase measuring point relative to a reference point. After the finite element analysis and calculation, and the measured modal is compared with it. The results show that the dynamic performance of the bridge is reliable because the measurement method and the finite element method are basically consistent. The damping ratio of the bridge is larger dispersion but the average damping ratio is in line with the rules and scope of the cable-stayed bridge.


Addition of arylzincs to aldehydes was achieved by making use of the novel transmetallation of arylzincs into Cr3+ compounds. Various α-substituted benzyl alcohols or 3-substituted 1(3H)-isobenzofuranones, containing reactive functional groups, were synthesized in good yields. Me3SiCl exerted beneficial effects on the reaction.


. The nature study of customs regulation in modern conditions has lead to the need for theoretical bases and practical recommendations for the implementation of an effective mechanism of the state economic security, because in the context of improving the challenges of globalization, characterized by a simultaneous increase of scales and expansion of geography of international trade and labor migration, openness of national economies, revitalize the integration processes, there is an increased influence on the economic system of the state and society threats in the external environment. The concept of "customs security" is defined at the doctrinal level by covering the scientific approaches to its interpretation, as well as its interpretation at the level of the current Ukrainian legislation. Particular attention is paid to the issues of codification of EU customs legislation. The legal status of The World Customs Organization (WCO) as an independent intergovernmental body and priority areas of activity under the Strategic Plan for the period 2019-2022 have been determined. Despite the implementation of further steps to harmonize Ukrainian customs law with the European, the creation of favorable business conditions for the subjects of foreign economic activity (FEA) justified the expediency of developing a concept of ensuring economic security in the sphere of FEA on the bases of balancing economic interests, which is based on the search for a compromise between the measures of control of revenue and fees to ensure economic security in the sphere of FEA and providing business simplifications taking into account the economic interests.


This manuscript reports on the impact that the release of dissolved organic nitrogen during 15N2 incubations has on estimates of nitrogen fixation rates. The paper has the potential to be an important addition to the literature and is clearly within the scope of Biogeosciences. It is addressing an important issue using state of the art measurements. Unfortunately, the authors made a poor choice when it came to filtration that renders the paper, in its current form, unpublishable for the reasons outlined below (comment #12). As a result I recommend rejection at this time. All is not lost, however. I offer a number of suggestions below for how the data could be reevaluated and a new paper constructed. They report valuable data on an important issue. I hope they will take the time to present it correctly.


The concept of alignment is often interpreted as a final or temporary consequence. It is often considered as a static concept, measured at a precise moment t, via scales of measurement, according to a quantitative approach. However, research papers with the aim of studying and examining the evolution of alignment over time are rare. This is precisely that of this paper, which aims to understand how alignment evolves over time, following the implementation of an IT (more precisely that of an ERP project). To address this issue, two basic theoretical elements have been mobilised: the strategic IS/IT management profile and the punctuated equilibrium model. A case study based on a qualitative and longitudinal approach was performed within the "L'Epi d'Or" company - which had implemented a "Navision" type ERP - enabled us to clarify this problem.


Porous/dense alumina multilayer composites were fabricated by continuous tape casting method. Pore shape in porous layer was controlled by burn-out the graphite particle for plate-like shape pore and PMMA for spherical shape pore. It has been observed that the damage tolerance behavior was more enhanced in the porous layer with plate shape pores rather than in that with spherical shape pores.


religious,' and philosophical .reservations. INI, with the initial help of the Summer We rnustmaintain the distinctionof acInstitute of Linguistics, has been doing culturation pressure being brought to bear with such success in Chiapas. on individual personalities and acculturaBy it close study of these changes as tion pressure brought to bear on instituthey are happening, at all levels from tions and value systems of a culture, arid that of the individual, to the group, to also whether such changes are elective or the institutions and values, as well as a forced..Practical programs must continue study of the context of in situ and ex situ to bring about their objective via the changes, we hope to get at a better, under' elective. change of individuals in much standing of cultural dynamics in Zinathe way that the educational branch of cantan.


The accurate identification of cestodarian and cestodan helminths depends so much upon the correct interpretation of their internal morphological features that a rapid yet satisfactory routine technique in their preparation for microscopical examination is much to be desired. Not all workers publish their technical methods, and, among those who do, no two seem to be in agreement. Some of the collection and preservation methods, in particular, which are advocated, whilst admirable for museum specimens or histological study, are impracticable under the conditions of a field survey, where many host animals have to be quickly examined and rapidly accumulating specimens are preserved and studied by methods which will not strain unduly the limited facilities of a field laboratory or a small biological station.


To investigate the correlation of 24-hour average heart rate (HR) with early renal damage in patients with initial diagnosis of hypertension.

 A total of 456 outpatients with initial diagnosis of hypertension were recruited between November 2015 and May 2017. Ambulatory electrocardiogram and blood pressure (BP) were monitored in all patients. According to the 24-hour average HR, patients were divided into fast HR group (24-hour average HR >75 beats/minute, n = 203) and nonfast HR group (24-hour average HR ≤75 beats/minute, n = 253). HR, renal function, and urinary microalbumin were analyzed.

 Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, eGFR, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 24-hour average HR, night and day average HR, diastolic BP, and daytime systolic BP were higher, while nocturnal BP drop rate was lower in patients with fast HR group than those in nonfast HR group (all P < 0.05). Twenty-four-hour HR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio increased significantly with increases of office BP (P < 0.05). albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group were significantly higher, while eGFR was lower than those in low- and middle-risk group (all P < 0.05). The 24-hour average HR and resting HR were positively correlated with the level of microalbuminuria (r = 0.169, 0.265, respectively, both P < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the level of BP (B = 17.798), nocturnal BP drop rate (B = −1.766), and 24-hour average HR (B = 0.564) were correlated with microalbuminuria (all P < 0.01).

 The 24-hour average HR is associated with the early renal damage in patients with initial diagnosis of hypertension.


The GLK gene family is of great significance in regulating chloroplast development and participating in chlorophyll synthesis. However, the mechanism of GLK involvement in Citrus chlorophyll synthesis remains unclear. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gene structure, protein evolution, chromosome distribution, promoter elements and expression profile of GLK gene family in Citrus. Overall, 27 CsGLK TFs were identified from Citrus genome and divided into three subgroups according to the conserved domains. All members were distributed on nine chromosomes. The tandem replication events (ka/ks < 1) indicated that CsGLK TFs underwent a purification selection evolutionary process. The intron variation might be a vital configuration for the evolution of CsGLK genes. The expression pattern of CsGLKs showed that family members had higher expression levels in different tissues and at different growth stages and could actively respond to dark stress. CsGLK TFs of the same group had similar structures, but their expression patterns were quite different, indicating that they may have different functions and not be redundant. Correlation analysis showed that CsGLK2, CsGLK9, CsGLK10, CsGLK11, CsGLK20 and CsGLK24 were significantly positive correlations with Chl a and Chl b contents. In addition, CsGLK2, CsGLK5, CsGLK10, CsGLK11, CsGLK12, CsGLK15, CsGLK20 and CsGLK24 were significantly positive related to Mg-Proto IX, Proto IX and Pchl.


A real-time pervasive collaboration system enables people to work together on a certain task at anytime and from anyplace. Security is one of the primary concerns for these systems, when running over public networks. In particular, end-to-end security represents a crucial issue in pervasive collaboration environments due to the heterogeneity of the networks and devices used. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of security measures at the diverse protocol layers to shielding pervasive real-time collaboration systems, and propose a security framework residing at the application layer to secure pervasive collaborations.


This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to systematically review, synthesise and quantify the effects of non-pharmacological and non-surgical chronic disease management interventions targeting self-management for people with lower-limb PAD. 1 Disease management interventions for improving self-management in lower-limb peripheral arterial disease (Protocol) Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


India is a major contributor for neonatal mortality worldwide. There is a paucity in facilities for management of neonatal health issues in rural areas, forcing referral to tertiary healthcare institutes. For intact survival, an effective and proper newborn transport to such institutes is important. There are multiple scoring systems available to analyze the status of well-being in such transported neonates, which can help evaluate the outcome. Three such systems are analyzed for their ease of use, applicability and ability to predict in-hospital mortality. In the present study, comparison of three scoring systems has been done in prediction of in-hospital mortality in such neonates transported, namely extended sick neonatal score (ESNS), sick neonatal score (SNS) and temperature, oxygenation, perfusion and blood sugar (TOPS) score.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of yucca extract on the flavor development in Chungkookjang fermented by Bacrillus sp. b01. The changes in the contents of amino-type N, ammonia type N, volatile compounds and organic acids, and those in the activities of and protease were also determined with aging period. The amount of amino-type N increased gradually with time and was slightly higher in Chungkookjang containing yucca extract than in control. The content of ammonia-type N in Chungkookjang decreased by the addition of yucca extract. During aging, a little higher amylase activity was detected in Chungkookjang containing yucca extract. However, the amylase activity was the lowest in Chungkookjang containing 1 mg/g of yucca extract. The protease activity was slightly higher in Chungkookjang containing yucca extract. The organic acids, such as citrate, acetate, malate, fumarate, and succinate, were detected. The yucca extract reduced the production of tetramethylpyrazine which was responsible for the unpleasant odor, but enhanced the production of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine which contributed to the taste. Sensory evaluation showed that the addition of yucca extract of 0.5 mg/g significantly improved the flavor and taste of products.


Rosai Dorfman disease is a rare disorder of histiocytes, which present as massive cervical lymphadenopathy. Here we describe a case of extranodal Rosai Dorfman disease involving the spinal cord. The patient presented with subacute progressive spastic paraparesis and numbness of both lower limbs. MRI of the spine showed an extradural mass extending from C3 to L1 level causing compressive myelopathy. Biopsy of the lesion was done through a D1 D2 laminectomy and the histopathology was consistent with Rosai Dorfman disease. We treated our case with one month steroids which resulted in clinical improvement and radiological resolution of the


Abstract Recreational harvests of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix along the U.S. coast from Maine to Florida exceed commercial harvests, and in recent years about 60–70% of angler-captured fish are released alive. The proportion of fish that survive hooking, handling, and release back to the ocean is unknown; however, if catch-and-release mortality is high, it may represent a significant component of the overall bluefish mortality rate. We estimated long-term (21-d) hooking mortality rates of field-captured bluefish and investigated the effects of various factors on postrelease mortality. Age, length, and the occurrence of bleeding were significant factors associated with catch-and-release mortality, which we estimated to be 38.8%. About 65% of the mortality was initial mortality, and the remainder was delayed mortality. We also performed a laboratory study to examine the physiological response of bluefish to two independent processes (hooking and release versus transfer in coolers to the laboratory) relevan...


The structural and electronic properties of aluminum-covered single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT's) are studied from first principles for a large number of coverages. Aluminum-aluminum interaction, that is stronger than aluminum-tube interaction, prevents uniform metal coverage, and hence gives rise to the clustering. However, a stable aluminum ring and aluminum nanotube with well defined patterns can also form around the semiconducting SWNT's and lead to metallization. The persistent current in the Al nanoring is discussed to show that a high magnetic field can be induced at the center of SWNT.


Summary A simple method combining coprecipitation, solvent extraction and electrodeposition for determining uranium and thorium in sea water and fresh water samples is developed. It offers a considerable saving in time, minimising chemical treatment and costs. The analytical procedure consists of enrichment of U and Th by coprecipitation with iron(III) hydroxides and subsequent extraction by diethylether solution and electrodeposition of each actinide in the extracting organic phase in which it was separated. The dependence of the coprecipitation, the extraction-electrodeposition and the overall yields of the above mentioned elements is examined in relation to the initial aqueous solution acidity and various amounts of iron carrier. At an initial pH between 6 and 10, quantitative coprecipitation of U and Th requires use of an Fe(III) quantity which depends on the acidity of these solutions. This quantity varies, under explored conditions, between 10 and 110mg/L. At a starting pH of 11, this coprecipitation becomes almost independent of Fe(III) amounts. The proposed procedure was used to analyse the content of U and Th isotopes in water samples. Recoveries of 60%-93% are obtained for uranium and 63%-86% for thorium. Good resolutions (37-56.5keV) are also achieved under optimum conditions. These resolutions allow to make accurate determination of U and Th isotopes in various water samples.


The vibrational relaxation of n-H/sub 2/ was studied in the interval 500 to 40 deg K. The results show a marked departure from the high temperature Landau --Teller behavior: the deexcitation rate becomes approximately constant for the lowest investigated temperatures. The experimental observations are discussed in terms of the threshold theorems, the influence of the attractive potential and the possible occurrence of collision and bound dimers. (auth)


With the high rate of urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in some major cities of the developing world, the mobility and accessibility are declining rapidly. To address this issues, the Dubai Government has adopted strategic transport plan based on developing a modern multi modal transport system to provide "safe and smooth travel for all". With the full operation of Dubai Metro, it is expected to have, at least, 17% of trips made by Public Transport. The target set by RTA is to have 30% of person trips in Dubai made by Public Transport. As such, it was of great importance to introduce a set of Travel Demand Management polices to curb the number of cars on streets and enhance the mobility through out the Emirate


Surface sizing using raw starch with fatty acid and raw starch coated PCC was studied.The results showed that the raw starch with fatty acid as surface sizing agent for linerboard obtained the excellent water resistance and good strength and stiffness.Starch coated PCC was compared with the commercial cationic starch as size press and showed the stiffness improvement.It was suggested that raw starch with fatty acid can be used for linerboard which needs high water resistance.


Aim:  To determine whether adiponectin detected in urine is present in its native form and if adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) present and functional in proximal tubular (HK‐2) cells.


Considerable research has emerged on the influences of the late Jerzy Grotowski, the eminent Polish theatre reformer who is famous for his ideas on the Poor Theatre. Among his many contributions to the theatre, his early focus on the primary importance of the actor - as opposed to the trappings of stage design - led him on a path of systematic transcultural experimentation and concentrated actor training using "source techniques" from ancient rituals to achieve "organicity" in his "Holy Actor" and his "Total Act". There has been some disagreement surrounding the extent of the inspiration he drew from particular traditions, including some Sufi orders, the form of esoteric Islamic mysticism practised in many of the regions he visited in Central Asia, India and Iran. This study provides a number of the Sufi-like elements of Grotowski's Productions and Post-Productions career phases, in parallel with a thorough examination of primary and secondary sources indicating both direct (Sufi) and indirect (Sufi-inspired) influences from his practices, studies, collaborators, and travels. A number of inferences are made based on historical and geographical clues, due to several factors underlying the incomplete records of his experiences. Findings include a number of robust similarities with Sufism and clear connections with both Sufi and Sufi-inspired people. This thesis contributes to studies on the broad range of cultural and ritual influences Grotowski drew from for his practices by compiling and highlighting their numerous references to Sufism, and it credits Sufism as one of his major sources of inspiration.


The effects of Lisuride hydrogen maleate (Eunal®, hereinafter called Lisuride) on EEG in patients with cerebral vascular impairments and mild senile dementia were studied by double blind technique using placebo as reference. The duration of treatment was at least 12 weeks or 16 weeks as far as possible. This study was conducted at 15 hospitals throughout Japan. All the EEG were read by EEG specialists. Cinnarizine was given to both groups as a basic drug.1) Patients whose EEG was subjected to statistical analysis in Lisuride group (hereinafter called E group) and placebo group (hereinafter called P group) numbered 62 and 63, respectively. These patients demonstrated no significant difference in terms of background factors and EEG findings before treatment.2) The global improvement rates of EEG at 12 weeks were 51% in E group and 39 % in P group, and aggravation rates were 12 % and 28 % respectively. Thus E group tended to be superior to P group.The improvement rates in local wave at 8 weeks were significantly (P<0.05) better in E group.3) In E group, localized θ wave significantly (P<0.01) decreased at 8 weeks, α wave tended to be increased (P<0.10) at 12 weeks and dominant wave (α wave) was significantly larger than that in P group at 12 weeks.4) With cerebral arteriosclerosis and cerebral infarction cumulated as ischemic cerebral disease, the improvement rates of EEG in E group was significantly (P<0.05) better at 12 weeks and the improvement rates of local wave also showed significant difference from that of P group.5) In E group, the cases of a relatively long period of affection being more than 2 years and of the symptoms being stabilized showed good results in respects to global EEG improvement rates, improvement rates of local wave, etc. at 8, 12 and 16 weeks.6) No significant correlation was observed between improvement of dementia test and EEG improvements.7) By stochastically examining the various EEG factors which are associated with EEG improvements, the effects on the evaluation of the various factors which could be collectively considered unconsciously upon reading of EEG could be mathematically pointed out.8) Incidence of side effects was 8.8 % in E group and 8.5% in P group.The side effects observed were all mild. The various clinical laboratory tests determined were within the normal range.It is concluded from the above results that Lisuride is a useful and safe drug which enables to improve EEG in patients with cerebral vascular impairments and mild senile dementia.


We use a combination of quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods and analytic continuation techniques to study the formation of charge-density-wave (CDW) gaps at half-filling in the two-dimensional Holstein model. From QMC data for the dressed unequal-time Green's function G(τ,p) we calculate the real frequency spectral function A(ω,p) for different temperatures T, electron-phonon coupling constants g, phonon frequencies ω 0 , and spatial lattice sizes N. We also compute the spectral functions by approximate diagrammatic methods and find these results to be in good qualitative agreement with the QMC results


The authors of this study experimented the increase opportunity of reproductive and production skills, through the crucifixion of cultivated breeds in Albania with cultivated breed in Italy. Changing social system in Albania brought the overall need of transformation. Market wants more dairy products like milk and meat. For this is required prestigious cows breed and scientific management. The study was conducted in the Farm of Economy Didactic in Agricultural University of Tirana and the farmers who keep cows for family needs. In the first phase of the study were included 42 heads of cows breed cultivated in our country. 8 Holstein cows (19%) 4-5 years old, 12 Jersey cows, (29%) 3-6 years old and 22 crossbreed cows (52%) 3-10 years old. Cows were inseminated with Pezzata Rossa Friulana breed sperm, which is known for high milk production and meat. All cows in the experiment have undergone clinical examination (rectal and ultrasounds control) for assessing of the physiological status especially for the presence of yellow active body. Cows are treated with a dose of PGF2α, 20 mg / cow (Estrumate ®) I.M. injections. The artificial insemination is realized after the estrus manifestation (52 ± 4 hours after the treatment with Prostaglandin). In the farmers cows the pregnancy diagnosis of is realized through rectal control 45-55 days after artificial insemination. While for 8 cow Holstein breed (Didactic of Economics University) is used ultrasound method for diagnosis of pregnancy 30 days after IA (Aloka SSD 500 Micrus). According to the above controls results that from 42 inseminated cows 33 cows or (78.8%) were pregnant diagnosed (rectal + ultrasounds control) and 9 cows or (22.2%) have returned at regular intervals (20 ± 2.1 days) after the insemination. We estimate that the percentage of fertilization with the first insemination is high. For further results as, fertility, weight of the newborns and the addition of weight until to slaughter will be published in soon. Keywords: artificial insemination, yellow body, estrus, Prostaglandine, ultrasound.


The intravenous route is the most rapid and the most bioavailable method of getting a drug into the systemic circulation. However, this route is prone to a number of problems. Some of the problems associated with intravenous drug delivery are independent of the formulation. These include hypersensitivity, microbiological contamination, particulate matter, and poor injection technique or burred needles. These have been discussed in detail by Turco1 and in books edited by Avis et al.2,3 Others are the result of design of the formulation itself and the rate at which it is injected. The major adverse effects of intravenous administration that result from the formulation are hemolysis, precipitation, phlebitis, and pain. These latter adverse effects are the subjects of this review. Each is discussed with respect to its relationship to the design of the formulation and the way in which it is injected. A single model of the injection site is presented to aid in the understanding of the causes of hemolysis, phlebitis and pain, and their relationship to precipitation of the active ingredient. Hemolysis is the loss of integrity of the red blood cell membrane with the release of the cellular contents into the plasma. The resulting increase in hemoglobin concentration can be particularly problematic. If the release of free hemoglobin into the circulation is more than the body can clear, a number of symptoms can result, including fever, chills, abdominal and back pain, shortness of breath, prostration, and shock. High plasma concentrations of hemoglobin can lead to plaque formation and the clogging of renal tubules, thereby affecting kidney function.4-6 Hemolysis may also produce congestion in the reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen and liver causing splenomegaly and jaundice, respectively.7 Hemolysis, or the lysis of red blood cells, can result from hypotonicity or from the effect of either the drug or the formulation components on cell membranes. The only purely physical problem associated with the intravenous injection of drugs is phase separation, i.e., the formation of oil droplets or crystals of drug upon mixing of the formulation with blood. Precipitation of solubilized drugs can also result in uneven or delayed bioavailability. In fact, the mere presence of a separate drug phase indicates a reduced concentration in the aqueous phase. If the second phase is rapidly redissolved there may be no loss in total efficacy. However, if it becomes embedded into or sorbed onto the cells of the vein wall and redissolution is gradual, either reduced or prolonged efficacy can result. If the precipitated material is crystalline, the particles can cause cellular abrasion as they move along the vein wall. Phlebitis (or thrombophlebitis) is an inflammation of the vein wall. It is similar to other inflammatory processes in that it is characterized by clinical observations of pain tenderness, edema, erythema, and a local temperature increase. In addition, phlebitis can cause thrombus formation which can ultimately lead to death. Phlebitis is a fairly common and potentially very serious side effect of intravenous therapy. Boon et al.8 found that drugs commonly used in anesthetic practice produce a 36% incidence of phlebitis. Phlebitis has also been reported as a common side effect of amiodarone,9 phenytoin,10 and diazepam.11 Phlebitis has long been associated with the mechanical and chemical effects of particulate matter introduced during injection. These particles may be present initially in the July 1998


1.1. Let Σ an be an infinite series and sn its nth partial sum. Let (pn) be a sequence of positive numbers such that If the sequence (1) is of bounded variation, that is, Σ |tn – tn –1| < ∞, then the series Σ an is said to be absolutely (R, pn, 1) summable or |R, pn, 1| summable. Let ƒ be an integrable function with period 2π and let its Fourier series be (2) Dikshit [4] (cf. Bhatt [1] and Matsumoto [7]) has proved the following theorems. THEOREM I. Suppose that (i) the sequence (p n/Pn) is monotone decreasing, (ii) mn > 0, (iii) the sequence (mnpn/Pn) decreases monotonically to zero, and (iv) the series Σ mnPn/Pn) is divergent.


Introduction was made to several online monitoring methods of capacitive equipment and analysis was made to their advantages and disadvantages. In field application of dielectric loss measurement, there existed harmonic influence, frequency fluctuating, inter-phase interference, electromagnetic interference and other interference factors, meanwhile asynchronous sampling and non-integer period sampling would influence the test result. To improve the measurement accuracy, further research should be done on algorithm improvement, hardware improvement and measuring methods study. Only if the software algorithm corresponds to the hardware, the measurement precision will be improved.


This research is motivated by the low of parental guidance on adolescent learning interest in the Melayu Village, Lubuk Basung District, Agam Regency. aims to see a picture of adolescent learning interest, a picture of parental guidance and see the relationship between parental guidance and adolescent learning interest.This type of research is using a quantitative with a correlational approach. The population in this study were all teenagers in the Malay Village, Lubuk Basung District as many as 21 people. Sample was taken as much as 50% of the population of 11 people. The results of this study indicate that parenting still low, adolescent learning interest is still lacking; and there is a significant relationship between parental guidance and adolescent learning interest in the Melayu Village, Lubuk Basung District, Agam Regency. It is recommended for parents to be able to provide encouragement and motivation for children to further improve and be more active in learning activities, as well as be a guide for further researchers.
keywords: parental guidance and interest in learning


Every country takes care of energy independence and security by using different energy sources and remarkably increasing electricity production by renewable energy sources. Ukraine is not an exception, especially when the energy infrastructure is significantly damaged during the war and there is a lack of capacities in the energy system. Because of this, the Government of Ukraine is planning a number of measures to launch systems of domestic mini-power plants.Ukraine has favourable conditions for developing the network of small-scale hydropower plants. While the hydropower potential of the largest Ukrainian rivers is used, the potential of small rivers is used only partially. The small-scale hydropower plants were built during the last century very actively. In 1912 the first small-scale hydropower plant was built. From 1923 to 1960, there were 956 hydropower plants with different capacities from a few kW to a few MW. However, at the end of the 1980s, the interest in small hydro decreased because of the construction of the large hydropower plants in the river Dniester and Dnipro, heat and nuclear power plants. Only 49 plants were in operation. Since 1995 the interest in small hydro has increased again. Nowadays, there are about 150 hydropower plants in operation.The paper examines the past and present state of small hydropower plants and perspectives on their development in the future, both by building new or reconstructing existing power plants. The list of hydropower plants with a short description of possible reconstruction is given. Moreover, the way of reducing the negative influence of hydropower plants on the environment is studied. Taking into account the energy issues in Ukraine, the possibilities of off-grid operation of hydropower plants are considered.The importance of energy security was evident from the issues that Ukraine is recently facing. Building new and reconstructing old small-scale hydropower plants will help to ensure the energy security of other types of electricity generation.


Dysfunction of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the brain, which establish inhibitory and excitatory networks, respectively, may cause diverse neurological disorders. The mechanism underlying the determination of GABAergic vs. glutamatergic neurotransmitter phenotype in the caudal diencephalon remains largely unknown.


Multi-ferrocenyl compound is obtained and the space configuration is determined by a single-crystal X-ray analysis.The compound belongs to triclinic system,with P-1 space group,the unit cell dimensions are a=0.917 44(18) nm,b=1.240 7(3) nm,c=1.504 3(3) nm,α=106.53(3)°,β=101.82(3)°,and γ=106.80(3)°.For N atoms,they form a tripod structure.


The ordered mesoporous material SBA-15 (FCSBA-15) with an enhanced hydrothermal stability was successfully synthesized from natural kaolin in the presence of a fluorocarbon surfactant. FCSBA-15 was further used as the support for Fe/BiOCl with the aim of exploring its Fenton-like catalytic performance toward the degradation of 2-nitrophenol. Based on characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), no phases referring to the Fe species were observed, suggesting that the Fe3+ ions may be present on the surface of flower-like BiOCl. It is noted that the Fe3+ ions could lead to a morphological reconstruction from BiOCl nanosheets to BiOCl flowers. The obtained Fe/BiOCl–FCSBA-15 exhibited an excellent degradation efficiency for 2-nitrophenol, which reached nearly 100% within 40 min by optimizing parameters such as the H2O2 dosage, pH value, temperature, Fe/Bi molar ratio and Bi/Si molar ratio. The finding reported here is important and may help to develop novel mesoporous matrix based systems for advanced catalysts.


Columns are essential load carrying structural components and may experience accidental loads such as terrorist bombing attacks during their service life. Damages to columns may trigger structural collapse and it is therefore very important to protect critical load-carrying columns. In recent studies, a novel ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) material was developed and static loading test results revealed its outstanding mechanical strengths and ductility. The present study investigates the blast load-carrying capacities of columns made of UHPC. Concrete columns built with UHPC were blast tested in the field first; then brought back to laboratory and subjected to static load tests to determine their residual load-carrying capacities after experiencing varying levels of blast damage. The results from the field blast tests and laboratory static load tests for residual load-carrying capacities are presented and discussed in this paper. Numerical models for simulating responses and residual strengths of the UHPC columns after blast loadings are also developed in commercial hydro-code LS-DYNA and presented in the paper. Comparisons between the test data and numerical results are made and the accuracy of the numerical model is validated.


I was fascinated with the ongoing verbal dissent between the FDA and the correct Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in the fall of 2005. The CPSC's test results indicated that their ''swipe test'' implied that a small amount of lead might be transferred to food from PVC plastic lunchbox liners but ''would most likely be extremely small.'' The problem with all such discussions is that no firm or real data are presented. Please allow me to put some proper perspective on this discussion.


This report describes the echocardiographic features and magnetic resonance imaging acquired in a 50-years-old sedentary and obese woman who presented to my office complained fatigue and dyspnea on exertion as he climbed the stairs attributed to a decline in physical form. An occasional chest x-ray chest performed for cervical pain showed a enlarged cardiac silhouette for which the patient underwent echocardiographic examination (see Figure 1-2). The examination showed a left ventricular globular shape and spherical morphology due marked dilatation with reduced systolic function, a severe functional mitral regurgitation, and a marked trabeculation of the side wall of the left ventricle. A subsequent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (see video clips 3-4-5 and Figure 3-4) confirmed the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in non-compacted myocardium with severe reduction of global contractility and low ejection fraction (EF 30%) with preserved LV stroke volume at rest


Background: Further strategies are needed to deal with the high losses to suicide. New modalities should be explored within the context of suicide prevention. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate participants' experiences of a web based program for mental health care staff, including its potential clinical relevance. Methods: Nineteen participants participated in five focus groups. Data was analyzed using content analysis. Results: The analysis showed participants' experiences of the program's contents and format ("Web Based Modules", "Discussion Groups") and practical value ("Clinical Relevance and Use", "Effects on Communication and Climate"). Conclusions: The program partly increased awareness about risk factors and the importance of inquiring about suicide ideation/plans and documenting suicide assessments. Experiences of the clinical value were varying and may be increased through potential enhancements.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) is a molecular imaging technique that detects light emitted by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals. This first-in-men study evaluates 68Ga-PSMA for intraoperative assessment of tumor margins at time of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy following preoperative PSMA-PET/CT. METHODS: 3-4 hours prior to surgery, PSMA-PET/CT was performed after intravenous injection of 68Ga-PSMA with varying doses. Scan results were assessed by the specialists of nuclear medicine and urology. Radical prostatectomy was performed robotically and the prostate specimen was imaged with a CLI imager (Lightpoint Medical Ltd, UK) intraoperatively immediately after excision. Mean radiance (photons/s/cm2/sr) was measured as well as the agreement in margin distance on histopatholgy and CLI. RESULTS: CLI was used in five patients after preoperative injection of 144 mBq 68Ga-PSMA (mean, range 95-202). Intraprostatic lesions were detected by PSMA-PET/CT in 100%, positive lymph nodes could be seen in 3 of 5 patients. CLI was performed intraoperatively after a mean of 329 minutes after tracer injection. Mean background radiance of the prostate was 1441 photons/s/cm2/sr. Positive surgical margins were found in two patients based on histopathology (patient 1: pT3b, pN1, Gleason score 5+3=8, patient 2: pT3a, pN1, Gleason score 4+5=9). In these patients, elevated radiance levels were found in the tumor positive areas (mean radiance: 4254 photons/s/cm2/sr). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative 68Ga-PSMA CLI seems to be a promising technique for intraoperative assessment of surgical margins in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. A prospective trial is planned to elucidate further results concerning sensitivity and specificity. Figure. No caption available. Source of Funding: none


Numerous methods of calculating ET0 and ETP offer a great practical possibility for their application, but in order to improve their efficiency it is necessary to check them in particular regions. The experimental study of Virginia type tobacco in irrigation conditions was carried out in the area of village Brzi Brod (Nis). The established potential evapotranspiration of Virginia type tobacco ranged from 498.1-512.7 mm, depending on annual weather conditions. Highly significant correlation coefficients were found between the directly observed ETP of Virginia type tobacco and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated by the following methods: FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (r=0.88), FAO-24 Radiation (0.79), FAO-24 Blaney-Criddle (r=0.85), Tornthwaite (r=0.90) and Hargreaves (r=0.76). The established correction indexes for translation of ET0 calculated by each method were the following: FAO-56 Penman-Monteith - 0.91; FAO-24 Radiation - 0.76; FAO-24 Blaney-Criddle - 0.89; Tornthwaite - 0.92; Hargreaves - 0.72.