The design and fabrication of textured bulk polycrystals have been one of the key issues for ceramists in their effort to extract the best performances from functional materials through powder processing. Reactive-templated grain growth (RTGG) is a processing method in which reactive template particles are mixed with complementary reactants and aligned, and the product is formed in-situ during heat-treatment, preserving the orientation of the template. RTGG has been applied to simple perovskite-type materials, yielding highly textured polycrystals with enhanced piezoelectric properties. The proposed method has also been extended to layer-structured materials, including bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics and both p- and n-type oxide thermoelectrics with complex compositions. The optimum combination of microstructural and compositional designs is expected to produce outstanding materials with superlative performances.


Dear Editor, We read with great interest the article by Ma et al1 which concludes that survivin plays a key role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the authors demonstrate that survivin promotes RAHFLS (human fibroblastlike synoviocyte) cell growth, expression of angiogenesisrelated proteins and inhibition of programmed cell death through activation of the NOTCH pathway. We agree that the high expression of survivin in RA synovial tissue and RAHFLS cells is associated with the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), Ang1, Ang2 and NOTCH. Nevertheless, several concerns remain for a more reliable interpretation of their findings. We believe it is necessary to discuss the effects of other complicating factors that may affect the potential of VEGF and VEGFR2. Previous studies have confirmed that elevated serum VEGFA, VEGFR1 and, more importantly, VEGFR1/ VEGFA ratios may well represent the inflammatory process and vascular endothelial damage in adult immunoglobulin aassociated vasculaitis (IgAV) patients.2 In this study, the authors analyzed the important factors Ang1, Ang2, and VEGFR1 by angiogenesis, but unfortunately did not analyze whether the most critical factor "VEGF" was altered. There are 3 different types of VEGFR in the human body, and previous studies have shown that NOTCH promotes VEGFR1 and VEGFR3, but inhibits VEGFR2.3 The authors knocked down survivin to induce apoptosis in RAHFLS cells and inhibit proliferation and VEGFR1 expression. Therefore, we suggest that if survivin is to be discussed together with angiogenesis, the 3 different types of VEGFR should be tested together. Studies focusing only on VEGFR1 cannot exclude the possibility of confounding effects of other receptors. If more research is planned, it should include an evaluation of the effects of the other key proteins (VEGF) indicated.


The invention provides a method, device and system for accessing an instant messaging program to a plugin. The method comprises: the establishment of the instant messaging (IM) program comprises opening the open window of an access region in IM program; the progress of a loader establishes an agency window as the child window of the open window, and the progress of the loader is the independent progress established by the IM program; the agency module corresponding to the agency window establishes a plugin window; and the plugin window is the child window of the agency window. Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention shortens the response time of an IM interface and enhances the response efficiency between the main progress and the plugin progress when the information interaction of user interfaces (UI) is subsequently carried out.


The superheterodyne structure, currently employed by the receivers developed by the Laboratory for Spatial Studies and Instrumentation (LESIA) of the Paris Observatory, rely on pass-band filters with very high quality factors. This makes them difficult to integrate on microchips. We present here another topology that is easier to integrate into microchips intended for space studies. After presenting the general topology, we propose a design of an electronic receiver based on this topology and present its design charts.


This paper reports on a project at the Land Operations Division, DSTO, to augment the battlefield simulator, CAEN, with Intelligent Computer-Generated Forces (ICGF). The motivation for this work was to simplify scenario creation/execution by providing for the high-level modelling of aggregated entities, such as platoons and companies, together with the reasoning processes which drive the associated command and control structure. This work has demonstrated that representing aggregated entities using agent-based technology enables modelling of the required behaviour at a fairly abstract level. At runtime, these abstract specifications map to quite complex behaviours which "emerge" during the running of the simulation.


The purpose of this research is the evaluation of the effectiveness of brand identity and Brand credibility on the loyalty of sales agents. It aims at clarifying the role of mediator, the satisfaction of sales agents of the Tile and Ceramic industry of Meybod star of Yazd. This study is descriptive. It uses the technique of survey in data collection. Also, questionnaire is used to generate quantitative data. To measure of the brand identity, the questionnaire that was designed by Samiee (2011) was used for evaluating the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Questionnaire designed by Erkan Bayraktar (2012) was used. In this research, the dependent variables are customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. The independent variables are brand identity and brand credibility. The Statistical populations are the customers and sales agents of tile and ceramic representing of the city of Meybod. The unlimited size of society, 384 persons as a sample was chosen based on Morgan Table. The analysis of data was conducted by using the structural equations and the software of SPSS, AMOS. The findings showed that the credibility and brand identity have impact on the satisfaction and the loyalty of sales agents (clients). The results are indicative of positive impact of customer satisfaction on the loyalty.  The Findings of this research imply the awareness of the members of the organization of the importance of their role in creating a powerful brand identity and credibility. Also, the controlled communications and advance sales can be used as a useful tool in order to create a powerful brand identity.


The most popular microclimate system today is based on a negative pressure ventilation system. Because it is easier to use and consumes less energy than any other forced ventilation system. The purpose of the research is to inspect the room for keeping piglets on rearing with a negative pressure ventilation system to identify shortcomings and deviations of the microclimate parameters necessary for further improvement. According to the results of the inspection of the rearing room for piglets, it was found that according to the existing system of negative pressure in the rearing room for piglets, most indicators (air velocity, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen) are within normal limits. According to the results of the inspection of the room for keeping piglets for rearing with a negative pressure microclimate system, it was found that the air temperature in the room does not meet the recommended limits and reaches 30 °C, while the maximum recommended temperature for piglets for fattening is 20 °C. The air temperature is uneven along the length of the room, which is caused by uneven air supply from the vents. According to the results of the inspection of the room for piglets with a negative pressure microclimate system, it was found that the relative humidity at the height of the animals is higher than the recommended norms and reaches 95%, while the recommended humidity for piglets for fattening is not more than 80%.
According to the results of the inspection of the room for keeping piglets for rearing with a negative pressure microclimate system, it can be stated that it is necessary to improve the air cooling system and replan the ventilation ducts of the ventilation system to ensure even air flow.


The article deals with the notion of inner personal gender role conflict, its structure and mechanisms of its formation. The author presents the results of approbation of the diagnostic method, and describes the sex differences in the display of the conflict.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of precolonial class inequality systems in the intergenerational transmission of education processes amongst ethnic groups in Africa. Using ethnographic and household survey data from six African countries and grouping ethnic groups by the historical class system that existed within them, I observe variations in intergenerational persistence between them with varying levels of significance in the different countries included. The findings suggest that understanding intergenerational mobility within African countries should take into account the different historical ethnic group characteristics, although the mobility process does not evolve uniformly across countries. Country-specific colonial administrative systems and the immediate post-independence education policies are critical factors that also need to be taken into account to understand the changes in education-based intergenerational persistence from the precolonial to the contemporary period.


This study aims to carry out a comparative analysis of the three classification algorithms used in research on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Patients. NAFLD is a liver condition associated with the accumulation of fat in the liver in individuals who do not consume excessive alcohol. The algorithms used in the analysis are Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), with data processing using RapidMiner software. The data used is sourced from Kaggle which comes from the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) database with research conducted in Olmsted, Minnesota, United States. The measurement results show that the Decision Tree algorithm has an accuracy of 92.56%, a precision of 93.24%, and a recall of 99.08%. The Naïve Bayes algorithm has an accuracy of 89.93%, a precision of 95.40% and a recall of 93.56%. While the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm has an accuracy of 91.33%, a precision of 91.94%, and a recall of 99.27%. ROC curve analysis, all algorithms show "Excellent" classification quality. However, only the k-NN algorithm reached 1.0, showing excellent classification results in solving the problem of classifying Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease patients. This study concluded that the k-NN algorithm is a better choice in solving the problem of classifying Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease patients compared to the Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms. This study provides valuable insights in the development of classification methods for the early diagnosis and management of NAFLD.


A doctor has a duty to give his patient what he believes to be the best treatment. An ethical prerequisite of recommending her to enter a randomised clinical trial (RCT), in which his patient will be randomly allotted to one of two or more treatments, is, as Michael Baum in his chapter stresses, that he is ignorant about their relative efficacy and, hence, justifiably indifferent as to which she receives. Writers who deny that a doctor's duty to his individual patient can be overriden by the need to advance science and so benefit future patients, commonly attack RCTs by asserting that rarely, even at the outset of an RCT, can a doctor be indifferent to the treatments being tested. Consequently recommending his patient to enter an RCT will almost invariably contravene his duty to give her the treatment he believes to be the best.


In this study, we present a modified configuration, including an exact formulation, for the operational matrix form of the integration, differentiation, and product operators applied in the Galerkin method. Previously, many studies have investigated the methods for obtaining operational matrices (derivative, integral, and product) for Fourier, Chebyshev, Legendre, and Jacobi polynomials, and some have considered the non-orthogonal bases that almost all of them operate on approximately. However, in this study, we aim to obtain the exact operational matrices (EOMs), which can be used for many classes of orthogonal and non-orthogonal polynomials. Similar to previous approaches, this method transforms the original problem into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. To retain the simplicity of the procedure, the samples are considered in one-dimensional contexts, although the proposed technique can also be employed for twoand three-dimensional problems. Two examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed new approach and to demonstrate the superior performance of EOMs compared with ordinary operational matrices. The corresponding results demonstrate the increased accuracy of the new method. In addition, the convergence of the EOM method is studied numerically and analytically to prove the efficiency of the method.


The difficulty associated with the numerical solution of stiff ordinary differential equations is considered and the stability requirements of methods suitable for stiff equations are described. A ...


Health is one of the components of human development. The concept of development has been changed after the introduction of the concept of human development. Human development has emphasis more on human rather than the economy. Accordingly, providing and ensuring good health to the people has become the most important priority of government and it is the pre-requisite for the human development. In this background, development of healthcare infrastructure has become not only necessary it is the pre-requisite. Having said this, in the present chapter an attempt has been made to examine the development of health care infrastructure in Karnataka.


Winds in excess of 74.5 knots could cause severe damage to a space shuttle on the launch pad. Current plans exist for rollback to the Vehicle Assembly Building, but require 48 hour leadtime to implement. Decisions based upon cost/loss are evaluated to ascertain whether predetermined forecast probabilities for rollback/rideout decisions can be made far in advance of hurricane seasons for use in decision making.


Delays in debt restructuring negotiations are commonly observed and are widely regarded as costly and inefficient. This paper argues, however, that delays can be beneficial in that they allow the economy to recover from a crisis and make more resources available to settle the defaulted debt. As a result, the negotiating parties can be better off by waiting and then dividing a larger "cake." To examine whether this argument can explain the observed length of delays in the recent debt restructurings, this paper constructs a dynamic model of sovereign default in which debt renegotiation is modeled as a stochastic bargaining game based on Merlo and Wilson's (1995) framework. Quantitative analysis shows that this model can generate an average delay length comparable to that experienced by Argentina in its most recent debt restructuring. JEL Classification Codes: E43, F32, F34


It is usually possible to differentiate between Paget's disease and metastatic disease. However, some diagnostic difficulty can arise, particularly when a patient with a known primary tumor has a bone scan performed and Paget's disease is found incidentally. We report a case of subsequent bone scans done to assess response to therapy for bone metastases caused by prostate cancer associated with multifocal Paget's disease.


The Administration proposes $2.2 billion for FY2009 Department of Homeland Security assistance programs for states and localities. Additionally, the Administration proposes to reduce funding on most of the programs, except the Urban Area Security Initiative, the Citizen Corps Program, and its program for bus security. Because of this, the Administration requests approximately $2.0 billion less than the amount Congress appropriated in FY2008 — $4.2 billion (P.L. 110-161). This report will be updated when congressional actions warrant. This report is an overview of the FY2009 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) programs for states and localities that are designed to provide assistance to state and local governments. The aid is primarily used by first responders, which include firefighters, emergency medical personnel, emergency managers, and law enforcement officers. The Office of Grant Programs within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for facilitating and coordinating DHS state and local assistance programs. The office administers formula and discretionary grant programs to further state and local homeland security capabilities. As a result of the reorganization mandated by the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-295), the work of the Office of Grant Programs was separated from FEMA training activities. FEMA's National Integration Center within the agency's National Preparedness Directorate administers training, exercises, and technical assistance for states and localities. Presently, DHS's assistance programs for states and localities include:


Genette's novels tend to adopt the internal focalization on the protagonist with the occasional shift of focalization to mold more lively characters and manifest the thematic significance more forcefully.In contrast,his short stories often rely heavily on the dramatic mode of focalization,accompanied with much dialogue,which collectively creates more lively effects and represents Hemingway's style more powerfully.


In this paper, we investigated the chaos of the phantom AdS black hole in near-horizon regions and at a certain distance from the black hole, where the Lyapunov exponent was calculated by the Jacobian determinant. We found that the angular momenta of charged particles nearby the black hole affect the position of the equilibrium orbit as well as the Lyapunov exponent. When the charge is large enough and the angular momenta take particular values, the bound is violated at a certain distance from the event horizon. Concurrently, we compared the differences by analyzing tables and figures after taking different values of η , where η is a constant indicating the nature of the electromagnetic field. When η = 1, it corresponds to the Reissner-Nordstr¨ o m-AdS black hole (RN-AdS black hole) and it represents the phantom AdS black hole when η = − 1. In this way, we can draw the following conclusions. Under different values of η , the variation trends of curves related to λ 2 − κ 2 could be different, where it can be judged whether the constraint is violated by determining if λ 2 − κ 2 is greater than zero. In addition, the corresponding numerical values of angular momenta violating the bound in the phantom AdS black hole are much smaller than the case of RN-AdS black hole. But cases in these different black holes have the same rules to violate the bound. The large absolute values of charge and Λ are more likely to violate the bound.


1explore the fi rst-person experience of auditory hallucinations (also known as voices) in a community sample using a qualitative survey approach. Auditory hallucinations are common in psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia. During the past 10 years, researchers have learned that auditory hallucinations also occur in a small but notable proportion of the general population without the need for clinical care. However, very little is known about these individuals, and even less is known about their experience of hallucinations. Woods and colleagues' study 1 gives a unique insight into the raw phenomenology of auditory hallucinations, undistorted by the clinical symptoms (eg, delusional interpretations) and cognitive compromise (eg, language disorders) that often accompany schizophrenia. Importantly, the fi ndings of the study show new and surprising themes that direct attention beyond the immediate scope and remit of speech, and towards a more global and integrated experience. In the past 30 years, studies have been constructed with preconceived ideas about auditory hallucinations being composed of abnormal language processes or misattributed inner speech, such that language and speech have become common constitutive elements of any investigations. This language-centric approach has shaped interrogative questions about these experiences, and clinicians often ask questions such as "Do you hear voices in your head? What do they say?" Thus, verbal and lexical characteristics have become the norm in descriptions of the dimensional forms and features of auditory hallucinations (eg, verbalisation, speech content, replays of conversations, and complexity of utterances), and as targets in dialogue-based forms of clinical interventions. Language and speech are important in some hallucinations, especially those related to schizophrenia. However, the fact that non-verbal auditory hallucinations are also common is often forgotten; for example, they occur in roughly 40% of individuals with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders 2 and a substantial


A super-flat shaped submerged entry nozzle(SEN) was developed for Laigang beam blank caster to achieve full protection casting.The nozzle has bilateral pore structure at the end of work outlet,and its diversion mode has been optimized by different casting speed and cross-section,which based on the molten steel flow in mold,free surface fluctuation and a comprehensive metallurgical behavior such as heat transfer,solidification etc.Thermal production tests show it is feasible that the use of single flat shape SEN beam blank continuous casting to achieve full protection of casting.The SEN design had significant mold pool surface stability and the promotion of the role of mould powder melting,life Initial meet the requirement,both inside and outside the slab quality significantly improved.


The marketing context Planning your marketing communications Above the line communication methods Below the line communication methods Public relations - more than just a goodwill exercise Managing implementation Building the relationship over time Communication planning and implementation in the real world - case studies that will challenge your ability to really 'do it'!


Time-triggered networks, like TTEthernet, require adoption of a predefined schedule to guarantee low communication latency and minimal jitter. The synthesis of such schedules is a problem known to be NP-complete. In the past, specialized solvers have been used for synthesizing time-triggered schedules, but more recently general-purpose tools like Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers have reported synthesis of large network schedules in reasonable time for industrial purposes. An interesting characteristic of any general-purpose tool is that its configuration parameters can be tuned in order to fit specific problems and achieve increased performance. This paper presents a study identifying and assessing which SMT solver parameters have the highest impact on the performance when synthesizing schedules for time-triggered networks. The results show that with appropriate values of certain parameters, the time can be reduced significantly, up to 75% in the best cases compared to previous work.


vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii CONTENTS vii BACKGROUND 1 N-Alkyl urea peptoids 1 Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization 4 Click chemistry 8 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 12 Materials 12 Instruments 12 Synthesis of N-alkyl urea peptoids 13 Synthesis of the copolymer 19 Synthesis of polymer/N-alkyl urea peptoid conjugate 22 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 23 Synthesis of N-alkyl urea peptoid 23 Kinetic study of RAFT polymerization of DMA 25 Synthesis of polymer/N-alkyl urea peptoid conjugates 31 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 35 REFERENCES 36 1 H AND 13 C NMR SPECTRUMS 38


During this article, we suggested a RCSIM through Convolution filter. This filter explores the images to enhance and improve the efficiency of both gray scale and color images. Initially we identified the noises in the images and simultaneously, the corresponding pixels are noticed to improve that particular part of that image using edge detection algorithm. The pixel values of the image is converted as the window size of the matrix. This matrix should be a (n X n) square matrix and then we applied the convolution filtering techniques to the (« X n) matrix. The development of the (input) image through the convolution filter yields the feature map. The feature map accentuates the uniqueness of the original image. At the same time, the RCSIMis used to interrupt the mathematical data to the feature map. The proposed approach reduces the sound and protects the efficiency of the unique image.


The serum of a patient with high serum iron and transferrin levels contained an abnormal brownish protein with a sedimentation coefficient of 9.9S. At pH 3.5 this protein dissociated, and on gel filtration it proved to be a complex of one molecule of monoclonal IgGI and two molecules of transferrin. At pH 7.6 the isolated 59Fe‐labeled transferrin recombined with most of the separated IgGI, forming again the original complex. Of particular interest was that the polypeptide kappa chains of this IgG seemed to have a molecular size of 27,000 to 28,000 daltons. We came to the conclusion that the serum of this patient contained a monoclonal protein with antibody‐like specificity for normal transferrin. Transferin only circulated as a complex with this protein at high levels in the serum and probably accumulated in the liver, giving use to severe hemosiderosis and cirrhosis.


Access to dental care for people with disabilities is mostly related to various social and physical obstacles. The goal of this research is to study an overall situation of dental care access for persons with disabilities, follow up the factors influencing access to dental care for 15 nosologies. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were utilized. One hundred and forty two (142) dentists and residents (79% dentists and 21% resident dentists) were interviewed with self-administrated questionnaire. Research results demonstrate that 77% of persons with disabilities have applied for dental care at least once in their lifetime and mostly persons with Down syndrome have been refused to be served. According to the research results, treatment is most efficient in patients with diabetes, least efficient – in patients with cerebral palsy. The vast majority of the respondents wish to get more information on all 15 nosologies. Remarkably high interest was revealed towards autism, HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, the low interest – towards visual/hearing impairment. Research findings confirmed an obvious relation between being informed and readiness to provide dental service; moreover, the level of awareness on disability conditions is quite low. The attitudes to serve the persons with disabilities are tended to be negative. The lowest acceptance is demonstrated towards persons with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS. The study revealed the importance of revision of dental education modules on a higher education and post-diploma level in order to integrate several thematic issues with regard to disability and health conditions.


Capturing the osmotic power between seawater and river water is thought to be an effective strategy to solve the global energy crisis. The existing designs of membrane-based nanofluids with high io...


In this paper we explore the phenomena of 'My Family' stickers; the growing trend of stick-figure decals affixed to the rear window of motor vehicles. We suggest that the 'My Family' equipped vehicle generates excessive meanings about family, about road culture, about success and about forms of Australian belonging. It is argued that to represent 'My Family' on a motor vehicle is to stake a claim for belonging in a context where that belonging is challenged. Scaffolded by the semiotics of the motor vehicle we highlight how 'My Family' stickers demark a desire to belong: to a specific family unit, to a vision of feminine success, to white middle Australia – yet at the same time highlight the lack. Ultimately, we speculate that the placement of these decals on a vehicle shows a wanting to belong but also exposes anxieties about that belonging.


This paper has as central theme of discussion to analyze some discursive strategies of Dario Vellozo, important intellectual in the cultural scene of Curitiba, within the debate between anticlerical and clerical in Parana in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In this sense, Vellozo, who was the main leader of the anticlerical group, used history, science and various authors to legitimize their ideals and disqualify the clerical group's proposals. We used the discussions proposed by intellectual history, taking into account textual and contextual elements of the texts analyzed. We used as sources some books by Vellozo, as well as articles written by him in magazines between the years of 1890 to 1905, a period in which the clash between clerical and anticlerical was more intense. We hope that research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the society of Curitiba in the period, as well as the anticlerical movement that took place in Brazil.


With increased globalization, illegal immigration rates are increasing, with illegal immigrants settling in a variety of fast developing nations. China is increasingly a destination for illegal immigrants. The following paper suggests the use of United States' experiences and policies regarding illegal immigration as examples for China. Introduction As the most developed country in the world, the United States is a main destination for illegal immigrants from many countries, especially those from Latin America. Illegal immigration in the United States has a long history with a multi-faceted impact including economic development, national security, and employment, among others. Due to this high rate of illegal immigration, the United States is continuously developing and implementing administrative policies for combating illegal immigration. Similarly, China is increasingly a destination for illegal immigrants causing new social issues for the countries. Illegal Immigration in the United States The United States is a vast county built largely on past generations emigrating from other countries. The total immigrant population in 2016 was likely 45.6 million [1]. As a share of the U.S. population, immigrants comprised 13.5 percent, or one out of eight U.S. residents in 2016, the highest percentage in 106 years [2]. There were 11.4 million illegal aliens in the United States [3]. A large proportion of illegal immigration stems from Latin countries. Since 2000, Mexico accounted for 62% of this population of immigrants through both illegally entering the United States at the 3,200-kilometer-long border or through not returning to Mexico after expiration of temporary legal means [4]. Many of these individuals choose to settle in big cities within Border States, including Texas, California, or Florida (for those entering the country from Cuba and other Caribbean islands). These individuals are typically young males with relatively low education levels who seek employment through low paying labor positions. There are many reasons why individuals choose to illegally immigrate from Mexico to the United States. Historically, the first wave of immigration occurred after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848 after the Mexican-American War, which expanded United States territory south. Due to the expansive border, immigrants cite the relative ease in crossing the border into the United States, along with the similarities in climate and general environment. Lastly, due to the significantly lower labor prices in Mexico, there is an expansive income gap between what an individual may earn in the United States versus the same work in Mexico. Illegal Immigration Policies in the United States Policies governing immigration in the United States can be classified into two major categories. The first set of policies focuses on punishment and deportation of illegal immigrants currently in the country and increased effort to prevent others from entering the country. The second is less punitive and instead concentrates on how to help current illegal immigrants transition to a legal status within


In the year 1206, as Saint Francis was walking near the church of San Damiano, just outside the walls of Assisi, he was suddenly overcome by an urge to enter the dilapidated sanctuary. Upon entering, in the words of his first hagiographer, he fell down before the crucifix in devout and humble supplication; and smitten by unusual visitations, he found himself other than he had been when he entered. While he was thus affected, something unheard of before happened to him: the painted image of Christ crucified moved its lips and spoke. Calling him by name it said: 'Francis, go repair my house, which as you see, is falling completely to ruin'.


In the Republic of South Africa (RSA), most of the subject teachers in our schools are involved with the coaching of sport, sometimes against their will. The training programmes of these teachers do not really provide for the inclusion of sport psychology. In fact, a survey at universities and teachers colleges all over the country revealed that only two of these institutions offer sport psychology as a subject to their subject teachers. Enquiries at schools in the RSA indicated that subject teachers, involved as sport coaches, experience frustrations because of their lack of ability with regard to inter alia the following: motivation of their athletes, dealing with anxiety, conflicts and crises in sport, and the application of concentration and relaxation techniques. These frustrations lead to a deterioration in relationships between coaches and athletes and eventually affect sport achievements negatively. This investigation clearly indicates that a very low percentage of subject teachers in the RSA know anything about sport psychology, but the majority involved in the investigation are of the opinion that sport psychology should be included in the training programme of subject teachers.


The use of credit derivatives has grown considerably over the past decade, with participation from a diverse set of institutional investors. Specifically, investors increasingly are using credit default swaps (CDS), credit default swap indices (CDX), and options on CDX to manage their portfolios. In this article, the authors demonstrate how investors apply credit derivatives in the context of portfolio management. The authors show how CDS can be used to create synthetic corporate bonds and how investors structure basis trading opportunities by taking advantage of mispricing between CDS and corporate bonds. Further, the authors illustrate how investors apply options on CDX for the purpose of hedging the tail risks of a fixed income portfolio, and they include a discussion on various methods to reduce the cost of such tail-risk-hedging strategies.


To meet the new requirements of the reform in the teaching contents and the curriculum system, this paper analyzes the inappropriate aspects of the previous curriculum construction and puts forward some new points of course grouping construction. And then, with an expound of the definition and qualities of a course group and the corresponding features of the construction, the authors definitely clear cut the principles that must be followed in forming the system of evaluating course group qualities.


The 2006-07 Budget provides $214.1 million in new funding to combat illicit drug use, alcohol misuse and support drug and alcohol treatment services around the nation.


The current era is characterized by vertiginous changes in the social, economic, scientific, technological and environmental, at all organizational levels. These changes have favored, among other issues, the expansion of markets, the sharpening of competition, and environmental effects, sometimes not positive. This situation has forced organizations, regions, nations and even economic blocs to have an effective management of these changes to comply with current legal and regulatory requirements. In order to be successful with innovation, management must be carried out with a process approach, diagnosis and procedures that integrate the potential of the functional and business units of the organization in order to meet the previously established objectives and goals. It is necessary to have a quantity of financial resources that allow the acquisition of material resources and the payment of the innovators, an aspect that requires an organizational management that guarantees the recovery of fiscal taxes and a socialization of the results of the innovation through publications, existing communication platforms such as radio, television, press and social networks. It also requires certain human capabilities that guarantee the conduction of innovation processes to final success. Innovation also contributes to responsible environmental management, in this sense there are several changes that have favored the protection of human and natural resources. One of them is the mechanical cooling system introduced in bullets of liquefied petroleum gas as a security measure; this change considerably reduced the high level of risk in the deposited of this resource. To achieve these results, it is also necessary to create values, beliefs and norms, especially in young researchers and technologists, which favor responsible innovation with society.


obliterate. Moreover, as his pluralism developed, Sylvan's propensity for being embarrassed by choices weakened over time. Nonetheless, the sheer range of systems which appear in these pages is likely to prove bewildering to the reader; a clear classification system would be helpful. A number of important distinctions are made at various places in the two volumes. One is the distinction already mentioned between affixing and non-affixing systems, another is the distinction (RLR1, pp. 224–5; RLR2, pp. 151–5) between replacement systems (which allow substitutivity of co-implicants) and non-replacement systems; and there are several others. It is difficult to know which of these distinctions is more fundamental than the others or how they intersect to produce cross-classifications. One distinction that Sylvan set much store by is the distinction between deep relevant logics and the others. This distinction is mentioned in RLR1 (p. 126; the word 'deep' being apparently a late addition to the text), but it is left to Brady in RLR2 (pp. 195–8) to develop the notion properly. The standard relevance condition, met by the Anderson-Belnap logics, requires that ifA→ B is a theorem, A and B share a sentential variable. The depth relevance condition, met by deep relevant logics, requires that if A → B is a theorem A and B share a sentential variable at the same depth, where the depth of a variable occurring in a formula depends upon the number of nested→'s between it at the whole formula (RLR2, p. 195). Brady's concluding three chapters, which make up a substantial portion of the whole volume, do an admirable job in bringing the volume up-to-date by covering, if only sometimes in a summary manner, the major development since the bulk of the manuscript was originally written. In addition to the chapter on quantified relevant logic already mentioned, Brady covers the Gentzenization of relevant logics, content semantics, Routley and Priest's simplified version of the Routley-Meyer semantics, semantic decision procedures, rules and the Deduction Theorem in relevant logics, and several other topics. In addition, there are sections by Mortensen on closed set logic, Bunder on combinatory logic, and Urquhart on (un)decidability results and the interpolation problem. As an added bonus, the book includes as an Appendix the now-legendary Meyer-Routley monograph, Extensional Reduction II, written in 1975 and previously unpublished. (Part I was published in The Monist (1970), vol. 60, pp. 355–69). Sad to say, however, this work is still not available in its entirety, for space limitations required the excision of several sections. RLR1 and RLR2 must surely constitute the most exhaustive study of implication undertaken to date. Together they form the most comprehensive survey available of the past three decades' work on relevant logic. The range and complexity of the material is breathtaking. As one who has workedwith Sylvan's Nachlass, I can testify to the difficulty of the task Brady undertook. He has carried it out with exemplary skill and the relevant logic community (and many others) will long be in his debt. Nicholas Griffin Bertrand Russell Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M2, Canada. firstname.lastname@example.com.


Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and imaging have been applied to measure oxygenation change in the brain. Multi- channel NIR system can obtain topographic image of brain function. However poor spatial resolution due to tissue scattering is serious problem of NIR imaging. In this study, we propose a simple method to estimate the center of the absorption change in the brain from the signal detected with multi-channel NIR system. The theoretical analysis of photon measurement density functions for the adjoining source- detector pairs in multi-channel NIR system suggests that the difference in intensity between the adjoining source- detector pairs almost linearly relates with the position of the absorption perturbation. The proposed method to estimate the center of the absorption change in the brain is evaluated by using three layered head model. The estimated position is almost consistent with the center of the absorption change. In case where the broad absorption change occurred close to the edge of the measuring region, the estimated position tends to be shifted inward of the measuring region.


The overall low quality of rural work force is one of the biggest obstacles for the economic and social development of rural areas.Based on brief analysis on the problems of rural education and rural human resources development,this paper discusses the necessity of developing rural education to promote the human resources development,and puts forward several countermeasures and proposals to develop rural education vigorously so as to achieve depth development of rural human resources.


Time travel cinema criticism frequently cites H.G. Wells's fin-de-siecle novella The Time Machine (1895) as a master template for popular time travel narratives. Following the 30th anniversary of Back to the Future, a film still regarded in popular culture today as a landmark in time travel cinema and 1980s culture, this article positions the Back to the Future trilogy alongside Wells's novella and its most successful film adaptation, The Time Machine (Pal, 1960), in order to explore the varied and cultural preoccupations that each of these time travel narratives articulate, alongside Back to the Future's adaptation and intertextual references to Wells's time travel tale. In particular, the article explores the depiction of time machines in both The Time Machine and the Back to the Future trilogy, its specific cultural anxieties regarding evolution and paradoxical erasure, and how these texts explore, both visually and narratively, the concept of mastering time. This article therefore contends that the Back to the Future trilogy is an adaptation and reimagining of Wells's novella and Pal's film for the 1980s generation.


It simply represents the importance of the standard maintenance of test piece and the maintenance of test piece in the same condition of concrete,suggestions construction enterprises play the standard maintenance of test piece as the spot checking of commercial concrete quality.Assessing the maintenance of test piece in the same condition as evaluating standard of the strength of concrete is conducive to raising the quality of concrete work,will enable enterprises to improve the performance of concrete and the technical parameters.


Purpose: We investigated prospectively whether the interpretation considering the patterns of FDG uptake and the findings of unenhanced CT for attenuation correction can improve the diagnostic accuracy for assessing malignant lymph node (LN) and N stage in non-small cell lung cancor (NSCLC) using CT-corrected FDG-PET (PET/CT). Materials & Methods: Subjects were 91 NSCLC patients (M/F 62/29, age: yr) who underwent PET/CT before in dissection. We evaluated the maximum SUV (maxSUV), patterns of FDG uptake, short axis diameter, and calcification of LN showing abnormally increased FDG uptake. Then we investigated criteria improving the diagnostic accuracy and correlated results with postoperative pathology. In step 1, in was classified as benign or malignant based on maxSUV only. In step 2, LN was regarded as benign if it had lower maxSUV than the cut-off value of step 1 or it had calcification irrespective of its maxSUV. In step 3, LN regarded as malignant in step 2 was classified as benign if they had indiscrete margin of FDG uptake. Results: Among 432 LN groups surgically resected (28 malignant, 404 benign), 71 showed abnormally increased FDG uptake. We determined the cut-off as maxSUV=3.5 using ROC curve analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for assessing malignant LN were 64.3%, 86.9%, 85.4% in step 1, 64.3%, 95.0%, 93.1% in step 2, and 57.1%, 98.0%, 95.4% in step3, respectively. The accuracy for assessing N stage was 64.8% in step 1, 80.2% in step 2, and 85.7% in step 3. Conclusion: interpreting PET/CT, consideration of calcification and shape of the FDG uptake margin along with maxSUV can improve the diagnostic accuracy for assessing malignant involvement and N stage of hilar and mediastinal LNs in NSCLC.


Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn) also known as bitter melon is a vegetable that was optimise to preapre a chips. Bitter gourd slices were treated with 2% salt and 1% turmeric powder and allowed for 30 min. treated slice were dried in tray drier at 70 0


Even today, one can see numerous forms of "primitive theatre" (yuanshi yanjua)* in China, by which I mean ancient forms closely connected with religious ritual that have been preserved in certain remote regions as living fossils, essentially unchanged by modern civilization. These forms almost assuredly predate the mainstream forms of Chinese theatre, which are largely script-dominated. However, although primitive and mainstream forms have existed simultaneously for centuries, the primitive forms have largely been ignored by Chinese theatre historians and theoreticians.


Through model establishment digital calculation and practical car testing, the operation capability of vehicles covered with felt tarpaulin in the wind region of railway in Xinjiang is analyzed from two aspects of roll-over resistance capability of integral vehicles and the wind resistance capability of tarpaulin, and suggestions for improvement are given.


This article deals with phonetic stylistic devices and their use in fictional prose. We have decided to make a stylistic analysis focused on the discussed phenomenon and to apply it on a fictional prose written by Helen Fielding: Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason. The book was and still is popular (over two million copies were sold worldwide in 2006). The unity of the content and the form make the book received by critics and readers in a positive way. The author uses a great variety of phonetic stylistic devices that contribute to the quality of the literary piece and form an inseparable part of the authorˈs style. This study provides the most representative examples of phonetic stylistic devices that emphasize the character of the main protagonist and perceiving the whole literary piece as an outstanding literary work.


Background Research on mother–child verbal interaction is largely inspired by Vygotsky. The results align with his view that children acquire language and culture-specific ways of using language through actively participating in daily conversations with adults. Supporting Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development, the facilitative features of such conversations have been found to depend on age, the level of the child's language skills, and the interactional context. Most previous studies in the field have been conducted in English-speaking Western families with a focus on the first years of children's lives. As Estonian middle-class mothers have been found to put greater emphasis on controlling children than mothers from other cultural contexts, we included the frequency of using directives as one of the features of mothers' speech that might have an impact on child language development. Aim Accordingly, the current study explored the relative impact of various aspects of mother–child interaction (e.g., mothers' vocabulary diversity, use of attentional and behavioral directives, wh-questions, and the amount of children's talk) on children's language skills using data collected from Estonian middle-class families at two timepoints, 1 year apart. As a novel approach to this topic, the study also examined the correlation between mothers' input features and children's participation in the parent–child conversation. Method A total of 87 children aged 3;0 and 4;0 and their mothers participated in the study. We observed the mother–child interactions during a semistructured videotaped game played at home. Mothers reported their children's language skills via the ECDI-III. Children's language comprehension and production were measured using the examiner-administered NRDLS. Results and conclusion Although the results showed somewhat differential effects of various aspects of mothers' speech on different measures of child language skills at two timepoints, the diversity of mothers' speech was positively, and mothers' frequent use of directives negatively related to children's language skills. At both ages, the diversity of mothers' speech predicted the amount of children's verbal contribution to conversations. The findings will be discussed in light of Vygotskian and his followers' theoretical views and theories about child language development.


The problem of deciding, given a complex variety X, a point x in X, and a subvariety Z of X, whether there is an automorphism of X mapping x into Z is proved undecidable. Along the way, we prove the undecidability of a version of Hilbert's tenth problem for systems of polynomials over Z defining an affine Q-variety whose projective closure is smooth.


Two SSR primers with stable amplification profiles were selected from 45 pairs of Xgwm SSR primers and the DNA fingerprint of eleven new strains of Z.japonica were established.PCR products were detected by rapid silver-staining procedure in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels and by DNA fingerprinting of tested materials.Conventional plant taxonomy was used for reference and these eleven strains were distinguished from the popular cultivars manila,Z.japonica cv.Qingdao and Z.japonica cv.Lanyin No.3 at a molecular level.Finally,the accessions were classified into 3 groups by the squared euclidean distance method using SPSS 10.0 software.


Sclerotium rolfsii is a serious soilborne phytopathogenic fungus causing serious yield loss in crops of high economic importance. In this study, the effects of temperatures and culture media were evaluated on S. rolfsii mycelial growth, sclerotial production and germination. The three isolates tested grew over a range of temperatures from 10°C to 35°C but not at 5°C and 40°C. Radial growth and dry mycelium production were highest at 30°C. Sclerotial initiation started on the 3rd day after incubation at 30°C and 35°C, and mature sclerotia were observed after 15 and 6 days of incubation, respectively. Optimal sclerotial production and the dry weight of 100 sclerotia varied depending on isolates and temperatures and occurred at 25°C-35°C. No mature sclerotia were produced at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 40°C. Sclerotial germination, noted after 24 h of incubation, was 96%-100% at 25°C-35°C, declined at 15°C-20°C, and was totally inhibited at 5°C, 10°C and 40°C even after 72 h of incubation. For all S. rolfsii isolates, optimal radial growth occurred on OAT medium followed by CZA, MYEA and PDA. When grown on PDA and OAT media, S. rolfsii developed cottony colonies with abundant mycelium whereas on WA and CZA pathogen growth was thin and scanty. Colonies formed on the other media developed sparse and flat mycelia. For sclerotial formation, WA and CZA were the most suitable culture media but no dark brown sclerotia were observed on NA and YDA. The highest sclerotial formation was observed on PDA and CZA. The highest sclerotium weight was produced by Sr3 isolate on PDA whereas for Sr1 and Sr2 isolates, sclerotial weights were significantly comparable on PDA, MYEA and CZA. Sclerotial germination was optimal on all tested media except NA. The significance of these findings on S. rolfsii biology is discussed.


Without any exaggeration, we can say that there are many ways to open the foot joint for the purpose of its resection.


Waste rubber tire has been utilized as a cost-effective source to produce activated carbon by applying successive thermal and chemical treatment. The resultant carbon materials have been characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope. The resultant carbon materials have not only a higher mesopore, macropore content but also have a favorable surface chemistry owing to the presence of oxygen functional groups as evidenced by FTIR spectra. The surface area of activated carbon was measured to be 465 m2/g. The developed activated carbon has been used for the removal of cadmium from waste water by adsorption phenomenon. Equilibrium was obtained at almost 1 h. Batch adsorption studies revealed maximum adsorption of 92 mg/ g at a contact time of 60 min. The developed sorbent has the advantages of being inexpensive. Keywords: Activated carbon, waste rubber tire, adsorption;


Steady-state numerical solutions of the Euler equations for the flow field about a wing/pylon/finned store configuration at a Mach number of 0.95 have been obtained for several store locations and attitudes. The objectives of the study were to gain insight into requirements for future computational trajectory prediction methods, to compare computationally predicted loads and pressures to measured data, and to investigate a mutual interference correction to a semi-empirical load prediction method. To meet these objectives, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions were used to predict loads with the store placed at its carriage position and at 0.25, 0.50, 1 .O, and 4.0 store body diameters below the carriage position. An additional solution was obtained with the store in a position determined by a wind tunnel trajectory simulation test. Load predictions were also obtained using the Influence Function Method (IFM) for these positions. The CFD-predicted pressure distributions for the store at the carriage and trajectory positions agreed well with the measured test data, and the CFD-predicted loads on the store in these two cases agreed fairly well with the test loads. Conversely, the loads predicted by the basic IFM were in poor agreement for all cases with the measured loads and loads predicted by the CFD calculations. However, when properly applied to the IFM, the mutual interference loads correction provided a reasonable approximation to the CFD-predicted loads. Over the course of this investigation, it was found that grid density, geometric accuracy, and viscosity requirements for CFD trajectory predictions are extremely dependent on the physical properties of the store of interest, the method of release, and the portion of the trajectory over which the calculations will be performed. Nomenclature Influence coefficients used by the Influence Function Method to calculate normal and side forces. Influence coefficients used by the Influence Function Method to calculate yawingand pitching-moment coefficients. Rolling-moment coefficient, (rolling moment)/(Q*SD). Positive in the positive @ sense (see Fig. 1 ). Pitching-moment coefficient taken about the c.g., (pitching moment)/(Q*S*D). Positive in the positive 8 sense (see Fig.1). Normal-force coefficient, (normal force)/ (QnS). Positive in the positive Z direction (see Fig. 1 ). Yawing-moment coefficient taken about the c.g., (yawing moment)/(Q*S*D). Positive in the positive 6 sense (see Fig. 1). Pressure coefficient. Side force coefficient, (side force)/(Q*S). Positive in the positive Y direction (see Fig. 1). Local chord of fin on model store. Store center of gravity located 2.79 in. (model scale) axially from the store nose. Store model diameter, 1 .O .in. Distance over which the double delta correction is applied to the IFM-predicted loads, store diameters. Store model length, 5.941 in. Free-stream Mach number. Free-stream dynamic pressure, 1/2pV2. T h e research reported herem was performed by the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), A r Force Systems Command Work and analysis for thts research were done by personnel of Calspan Corportat~onJAEDC Operations, operatmg contractor for the AEDC aerospace fl~ght dynam~cs fac l~t~es Further reproduction 1s author~zed to satlsfy needs of the U S Government


Abstract New trends in sustainable design contribute to prevention of the deterioration of the natural environment and they are focused on the optimisation of the indoor environment for the improvement of the human life quality. There are complementary goals of sustainable design – the comfort of architecture users, proper spatial planning, and, as a priority, taking into account the needs of both contemporary and future generations. These existential needs are connected with both local and global sozological problems. These are related to the continuing growth of irreversible changes to the environment, such as climate change, the disappearance of biodiversity, and the over-exploitation of nonrenewable sources of energy as result of shortsighted economy. These imply the necessity for the sozological education in all subjects of study and transdisciplinary training focused on the solving of problems associated with sustainable development.


In the title compound, [Cu3(CN)3(C12H12N2)2], two 2,2′-bipyridine N,N′-chelated CuI atoms are linked by a cyanide bridge that lies about a center of inversion; the CuI atom exists in a tetrahedral coordination geometry. This dinuclear entity is linked to another CuI atom that lies on a twofold rotation axis by another cyanide bridge, these bridges giving rise to the formation of a linear chain motif.


While digital platforms have become an increasingly important research area in the information systems discipline, the existing literature does not conceptualize a theoretical link between platforms and morality. This paper theorizes such a link by drawing on Jensen's (2010) conceptualization of processes of demoralization to operationalize two notions from critical social theorist Zygmunt Bauman: workers' moral impulse and moral ambivalence. We conducted a case study of a large luxury resort hotel to examine how digital platforms (specifically TripAdvisor and WhatsApp) facilitate surveillance. Our findings show how digital platform-facilitated synoptic and panoptic forms of surveillance can suppress workers' moral impulse and foster moral ambivalence towards such issues as invading others' privacy, pressuring others outside working hours, and increasing surveillance in the workplace. This paper offers a novel perspective on theorizing the links between digital platforms, surveillance, and workers' morality and highlights some unintended consequences.


Although cardiac arrhythmias remain a serious clinical problem in many patients with heart disease, the exact role of antiarrhythmic drug therapy is currently under intense evaluation. Within the last several years it has become clear that there are significant risks as well as potential benefits associated with existing agents. Ongoing studies in large patient populations should help determine the benefit/risk ratio of traditional therapy. Regardless of the outcome of these trials, current electrophysiological dogma will have to be re‐evaluated and newer concepts evolve for drug development to make further progress. The goal of this symposium is to exchange information among basic and clinical investigators so as to facilitate the emergence of novel electrophysiological concepts that will form the basis for future generations of antiarrhythmic drugs.


The high performance drives of the slotless permanent magnet brushless DC (PM BLDC) motor can be achieved by the current control, where the currents flow according to the rotor position and the current phase is suitably controlled according to the operation condition. The inexpensive Hall-ICs are a right choice or the so-called back EMF sensorless algorithm can be used for the rotor position sensing. Generally, to drive and control of the PM BLDC, it is necessary that the three Hall-ICs evenly be distributed around the stator circumference and encoder be installed in case of the 3 phase motor. So, the Hall-ICs are set up in this motor to detect the main flux from the rotor, and the output signal from Hall-ICs is used to drive a power transistor to control the winding current. However, instead of using three Hall-ICs and encoder, we used only two Hall-ICs for the permanent magnet rotor position and for the speed feedback signals, and also for a microcontroller of 16-bit type (80C196KC) with the 3 phase PM BLDC whose six stator and two rotor designed. Two Hall-ICs CS1 and CS2 are placed on the endplate at 120 degree intervals, and with these elements, we estimated information of the others phase in sequence through a revolving rotor.


This paper illustrates the necessity of drawing the letterformed words into teaching Chinese as a foreign language and expounds the traits of its lexical teaching and the teaching principles people should obey. From the facts of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, this paper also points out that the letter-formed words should be researched further on the existing bases, thus the basis and guide are provided for the teaching Chinese as a foreign language.


This special issue of "The Forum" publishes Charles L. Bosk's final work—a book proposal written for a trade audience titled—The Price of Perfection: The Cost of Error. Five noted scholars Carol Heimer, Carla Keirns, Mark Neuman, Julia Szymczak, and Stefan Timmermans offer commentary. Their essays touch on common themes: Bosk's humanity, his wry sense of humor, and keen ability to highlight the absurdity of the social organization of contemporary medicine alongside the sacred obligation that accompanies caring for the sick. Together, the book proposal and these five essays focus our attention on the impact Bosk's scholarship had in medicine, sociology, and the patient safety movement.


In 2013, WHO estimated that approximately 235 million people suffered from asthma worldwide. Asthma is a hyper responsive disorder, which is related to an imbalance between the T-helper type 1 and 2 cells (henceforth, Th1 and Th2, respectively). Allium hookeri is a plant that is widely used for culinary purposes and also in traditional Asian medicine. The present study was conducted to elucidate the anti-asthmatic effects and mechanism of action of A. hookeri root extracts (AHRE) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. The mice were divided into five groups, namely, the control, the OVA-treated group, the dexamethasone-treated group, the 30 mg/kg AHRE-treated group, and the 300 mg/kg AHRE-treated group. The total WBC count and the differential cell count in the bronchoalveolar fluid, the level of serum IgE, the histopathological changes in the lung, and changes in the cell surface molecules, the asthma-related cytokine levels, and Th cell transcription factors were evaluated. AHRE significantly ameliorated asthmatic changes, such as the total WBC count, eosinophil count, and the level of IgE; in addition, it reduced mucus hypersecretion, epithelial hyperplasia, and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. AHRE significantly inhibited the expression of CD68+ cells and MHC class II+ molecules, Th1 cell transcription factor (T-bet) activation, Th2 cell transcription factor (GATA-3) activation, and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Furthermore, it suppressed cell surface molecules, such as CD4+and CD8+; Th1-related cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-12p40; Th2-related cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5; and Th17-related cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, AHRE may be considered a promising anti-asthmatic drug.


By observing the track of a sliding ski during a parallel turn on a snow plane, we clarified the relationship between the direction of the ski turn and the edging angle. The relationship was the same as that observed in the experiment using a model ski sliding on a sand plane. Namely, when the angle formed between the horizontal plane and the ski, β0, is 0°, the motion of the ski is a straight descent; when β0 \neqq0°, it is a turning descent. If we define the edging angle as β0, it is understood that the turning of the skis is determined only by the edging angle. The skier's sense of making a ski turn using his muscular strength can be explained as a matter of the perception of the skier.


Session I: Internationalization of R&D Davide Castellani introduced the session by discussing descriptive evidence of the changing geography of inventive activity and the role of MNEs international R&D activities. He highlighted that 'local buzz' is crucial for the development of knowledge in local economies, and it leads to persistence in innovative activities. Moreover, 'global pipelines' are also becoming a crucial element for the successful development of local knowledge. He illustrated recent developments with evidence on the extremely large increase in the concentration of regions contributing to global patenting, as well as in international collaboration in patenting. The talk stressed the role of pathdependence in innovation, showing that although the hierarchy of the top patenting regions is not immobile, the propensity to patent is quite dependent on previous innovation. For further details on many of the aspects touched upon in the presentation, we refer to this working paper.


The landscape index is an important parameter of judging landscape's quality,is also the importance basis of carrying out the design and planning of regional ecology.To the place of insufficient and short of the traditional vector graph of geography and computing of landscape sight in Excel or SPSS remote sense image,the article has studied a method of landscape computing,it base on automatic classification of landscape of high resolution SPOT-5 remote sense image in ENVI 4.2 and the extract automatically of landscape exponent in Fragstats3.3 software,The experiment has studied Quyuan farm and gained landscape current situation map and information of partial landscape exponent,the experiment show that the gain of landscape information is high efficient,timeliness is strong,by the method,it is a effective technology means of landscape manages、designs and planning.


Thiocoraline is a thiodepsipeptide antitumor compound produced by two actinomycetes Micromonospora sp. ACM2‐092 and Micromonospora sp. ML1, isolated from two marine invertebrates (a soft coral and a mollusc) found of the Indian Ocean coast of Mozambique. By using oligoprimers derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) consensus sequences, six PCR fragments containing putative NRPS adenylation domains were amplified from the chromosome of Micromonospora sp. ML1. Insertional inactivation of each adenylation domain showed that two of them generated nonproducing mutants, thereby indicating that these domains were involved in thiocoraline biosynthesis. Sequencing of a 64.6 kbp DNA region revealed the presence of 36 complete open reading frames (ORFs) and two incomplete ones. Heterologous expression of a region of about 53 kbp, containing 26 of the ORFs, in Streptomyces albus and S. lividans led to the production of thiocoraline in these streptomycetes. Surprisingly, the identified gene cluster contains more NRPS modules than expected on the basis of the number of amino acids of thiocoraline. TioR and TioS would most probably constitute the NRPS involved in the biosynthesis of the thiocoraline backbone, according to the colinearity of the respective modules. It is proposed that two other NRPSs, TioY and TioZ, could be responsible for the biosynthesis of a small peptide molecule which could be involved in regulation of the biosynthesis of thicoraline in Micromonospora sp. ML1. In addition, a pathway is proposed for the biosynthesis of the unusual starter unit, 3‐hydroxy‐quinaldic acid.


This paper proposed an initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method for combined cooling heating and power U+0028 CCHP U+0029 with storage systems. Initially, the initiative optimization operation strategy of CCHP system in the cooling season, the heating season and the transition season was formulated. The energy management of CCHP system was optimized by the multi-objective optimization model with maximum daily energy efficiency, minimum daily carbon emissions and minimum daily operation cost based on the proposed initiative optimization operation strategy. Furthermore, the pareto optimal solution set was solved by using the niche particle swarm multi-objective optimization algorithm. Ultimately, the most satisfactory energy management scheme was obtained by using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution U+0028 TOPSIS U+0029 method. A case study of CCHP system used in a hospital in the north of China validated the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the satisfactory energy management scheme of CCHP system was obtained based on this initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method. The CCHP system has achieved better energy efficiency, environmental protection and economic benefits.


Abstract: In this paper we present another variation of Latin square design called Graeco 3RR Latin Square design. This design adds one more restriction on randomization to the existing 3RR Latin square by superimposing two orthogonal 3RR – Latin squares. The existence of a Graeco 3RR– Latin square is proved and illustrated by considering Latin squares of order 4 and 9. A statistical model for the design is presented, the estimators of parameters in the model are derived and the Analysis of Variance procedure is developed. .


Process variations have an enormous impact on the amount of crosstalk in the circuit. Aggravation in crosstalk may lead to erroneous behavior of the circuit resulting in reduced product yield. Products have failed to meet targeted frequencies because of crosstalk problems. Therefore, a circuit should be designed such that there is a safety margin from erroneous circuit operation. At the same time, the design should not be so conservative that chip area and performance fall behind operational objectives. Whereas the combination of process parameters that give rise to worst-case noise is context dependent, we show in this paper how to efficiently determine process corners that can be used to approximate the worst-case crosstalk pulse or delay at the crosstalk site. Our experimental results show the accuracy gain of our process corners compared to traditional techniques while maintaining efficiency.


pair (K, f) where K is a simplicial complex and / is an identification map of | K \ onto a space X which maps each open simplex of K homeomorphically and is such that if f(\sp'\) andf(\sq \) meet, then p = q and/identifies | J p ' | and | J , J | under linear homeomorphism; the chain groups of (K, / ) are obvious quotients of those of K). One can adapt the simplicial approximation theorem to pseudo-simplicial complexes; then the latter will have the advantage over block dissections (p. 128) that they can be used for cup products and the fundamental group, and blocks might be omitted on a first reading. Sections 2.1-2.3 are disappointing, but the beginner must learn the notation of the book for chains, etc. Cohomology is introduced in an admirable way (2.6, 2.7); it is called contrahomology in the book because it transforms contravariantly (with respect to maps of spaces). The treatment of relative homology and exact sequences (2.8, 2.9) is excellent. Having read to p. 116, one can justify pseudo-dissection by acyclic carriers (as suggested on p. 133); block-dissections and their application to real projective space pp. 128-135) could be omitted. Cup products are introduced on pp. 140-152 with interesting applications to maps of spheres. I believe the beginner should next turn to p. 313 and study singular homology. On first reading, normalised and cubical theories might be omitted. After 8.1 (for which a little of 5.6 is needed) one can read pp. 330-40 and 361-4. Pages 228-246 deal with the fundamental group and lead naturally to pp. 345-49 (for which pp. 318-329 are needed) where the Hurewicz isomorphism theorem is proved. Having got so far the beginner will be able to find his own way about the book. There are several departures from customary notation. As already mentioned cohomology is called contrahomology in this book; it seems hardly worth making the change, for who will forget that cohomology is contravariant ? The cohomology ring is denoted by R*(X) instead of H*(X); the same letter J is used for the additive group of integers and for the ring of integers, so why not similarly in cohomology ? It is also confusing to find V used for the closed unit //-cell. Maps of spaces are written on the right, so Xfg is the image of X by the map / followed by g. The printing is very good. The book achieves the purpose of providing an introduction which reaches the developing parts of the subject, and for those who already know a little algebraic topology is by far the best textbook for further study. D. G. PALMER


Objective To compare the results of three surgical treatment of posterior urethral injury associated pelvic fractures so as to povide clcnical basis for selection of treatment of the disese.Methods A retrospective evaluation of the surgical treatment and results of followod up of 36 Patients with posterior urethral injuries after blunt pelvic injrty froom 1993 to 2008.Of all,there were 6 patients patients treated simple suprapubic cyststomy,4 with early open urethroplasty and 26 with early realignment indwelling Foley's catheter was used postoperative for traction.All patients were evaluated postoperatively for abnormal urination and impotence.Results Strictures or atresia developed in 100% of the simple suprapubic.cystostomy group and needed to the second urethroplasty.There had been 2 cases of impotence,the incidence rate was 33%.1 case of urinary incontinence.1 case stricture In the early open urethroplasty group and needed several dilatations.Neither incontinence nor impotence has been observed in this group.26 with early realignment indwelling Foley's catheter,Urethral stricture occarred in 4.and incidence rate was 16%,there had been 3 cases of impotence,the incidence rate was 12%,1 case of incontinence.Conclusion The early realignment indwelling Foley's catheter in simple,effective,nontraumatic and with less occurrence of complication.The technique is therefore recommended for the early surgical management of posterior urethral injure.

Key words:
Pelvic fractue; Posterior urethral inyure; Treatment


Contributors Preface 1. Description, Mechanisms of Action, and Assessment 2. Animal Models of Exposure Therapy: A Selective Review 3. Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Interventions for the Anxiety Disorders: Overview and Newer Third-Generation Perspectives 4. Translational Research Perspectives on Maximizing the Effectiveness of Exposure Therapy 5. Exposure Therapy and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 6. Exposure Therapy with Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse 7. Issues in Conducting Exposure Therapy to Treat Combat Veterans' PTSD 8. Exposure Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 9. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy and the Treatment of Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 10. Exposure Treatments for Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia 11. Exposure Therapy for Phobias 12. Applications of Exposure Techniques in Behavioral Medicine 13. Exposure Therapy for Hypochondriasis 14. The Effect of Pharmacotherapy on the Effectiveness of Exposure Therapy 15. Pharmacological Enhancement of Learning in Exposure Therapy 16. Virtual Reality Applications for Exposure 17. Obstacles to Successful Implementation of Exposure Therapy 18. Exposure Therapy Has a Public Relations Problem: A Dearth of Litigation Amid a Wealth of Concern Appedix Index


Many of the countries around the world have experienced periods of "jobless growth" characterized by the higher level of output and informalisation of employment. This rapid growth of informalisation represents the deterioration of the quality of remunerative work such as insecure and flexible jobs with lower wages, lower economic and social security and poor working conditions. India is not an exception to this scenario. Since, a vast majority of workers in India are working in the informal sector, thus suffering from the problem of deficit in decent employment. Punjab state of India, a predominantly agrarian economy presents an important glimpse of the wider image of the Indian labour market. This state has long exhausted the fruits of Green Revolution and its industrial scenario has not matured along the desirable lines. Therefore, a vast majority of workers in rural Punjab are either employed in agriculture or in small scale home based family enterprises with low pay, poor working conditions and no coverage of social security. In this prospective this book is an attempt to measure the magnitude of deficit in the decent employment in the rural areas of the Punjab state of India.


Gaining valid consent from patients is an area of law that has developed over time. It is acknowledged that for adult patients, provided they have capacity and consent is given without duress, then...


The Complete Complementary (CC) code-based Spread- Time Code Division Multiple Access(ST-CDMA) system has been proposed. In this paper, we evaluate the Bit Error Rate performance of CC code-based ST-CDMA for AWGN channel in the presence of Multiple Access Interference(MAI). The theoretical BER is derived conditioned on the number of users K and the employed CC code sequence length G. The theoretical performance is verified by the simulations and compared with the performance of the conventional STCDMA system using Gold codes.


The article expounded the performance management of library and the value of it.Then it proposed ways to improve library performance management.


The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations for gestation length as calf trait (GLcalf) and preweaning [birth weight (BW) and weights at 120 (W120) and 210 (W210) days] and postweaning performance traits [weights at 365 (W365) and 450 (W450) days] in Nellore cattle participating in the Nellore Brazil Program coordinated by the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (Associacao Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores - ANCP). The parameters were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method under an animal model using the WOMBAT software. The genetic correlation between GLcalf and BW was 0.15, indicating a favorable association between the two traits which, however, was of small magnitude. GLcalf showed low positive genetic correlations (0.06 to 0.10) with the other weights, indicating that selection to reduce gestation length would not result in significant losses in weights at older ages. Furthermore, it is possible to infer that selection for higher W365 will not expressively increase gestation length.


In this work we investigate the possibility of a dissipation topography sensitive to local bonding defects (solitons or kinks) of adatoms monolayers. We carry out this study in a very idealized scheme: the standard Frenkel-Kontorova model, with a harmonic chain representing the layer of atoms adsorbed on a crystalline surface, interacting with a periodic potential representing the solid substrate. In experiments dissipation is mapped through the tip of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), which we simulate by means of a Gaussian-shaped oscillating potential. We find evidence of two distinct dissipative regimes, low and a high tip frequency, both showing a pronounced dissipation contrast for the kinks with respect to in-register adatoms. The high visibility of the kinks is explained by the resonant behavior of the power dissipated by the tip as a function of the local atomic vibration frequency, which is strongly sensitive to the rigidity of the local bonding. For weak adatom-adatom interaction, kinks are strongly localized and pinned to the substrate; under these conditions we obtain stationary reproducible dissipation maps. In contrast, when the adatom-adatom interaction exceeds the corrugation of the adatom-substrate interaction, kinks become extended weakly pinned objects which can be dragged along by the tip: correspondingly the dissipation maps acquire a history-dependent quality. Advisor: Dr. Nicola Manini Co-Advisor: Prof. Giuseppe Santoro


Zero‐phonon transitions at 0.79 and 0.97 eV observed in electron‐irradiated silicon have been ascribed by previous workers to the K center and the divacancy, respectively, on the basis of their production and annealing behavior. This paper shows that, contrary to the original interpretation, the uniaxial stress results on these lines indicate monoclinic symmetry, which is consistent with the proposed models. The stress results on a third zero‐phonon line at 1.045 eV are reinterpreted.


aFaculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia bAdvanced Manufacturing and Materials Center (AMMC), ORICC, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM), Malaysia cFaculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia dPulp and Paper Laboratory, Biomass Technology Programme, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) Article history Received 20 October 2016 Received in revised form 26 February 2017 Accepted 10 March 2017


The purpose of this experiment was to determine the level of mitotic activity of the proliferative population of the central nervous system during and after treatment with 5-FUdR (a DNA-synthesis inhibitor) and to examine whether the high mitotic activity seen during the repair phase was used to produce neurons or neuroepithelial cells. Chick embryos were treated with 0.01 μg 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine in 5 μl saline on day 2.5 of incubation and fixed at various time intervals, ranging from 1 to 120 hours after treatment.

In the treated embryos the mitotic activity decreased rapidly two hours after treatment and few if any mitotic figures were seen during the following 12-hour period. Hence, during this period few if any neuroblasts were formed. In addition, large numbers of neuroepithelial cells died as a result of the treatment, reducing the proliferative neuroepithelial population by about 50%. From 22 to 48 hours after treatment the mitotic index was almost twice that of controls, indicating that large numbers of new cells were formed to compensate for cell losses suffered during the treatment.

When the number of neuroepithelial cells in the treated embryos was counted, it decreased during the first 20 hours after treatment, but thereafter increased rapidly until it reached the control value at about 50 hours after treatment. Hence, the increased mitotic activity was used mainly to increase the depleted neuroepithelial population. The neuroblast population suffered particularly, since no neuroblasts were formed during the initial degeneration phase, and only a restricted number was formed during the repair phase when the mitotic activity was used mainly for the production of neuroepithelial cells.


In a lively narrative supported by dramatic color photographs and special artwork, this book presents a stirring forecast about manmade changes in the air and their effect on living things--with 20 suggestions for specific things everyone can do to reduce global warming. 150 illustration, 125 in full color.


We have reduced a bis(benzobuta)tetra-azapentacene-derivative to its radical anion and its dianion, using potassium [18-Crown-6] anthracenide in THF. Both reduced species were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy of the isolated species and by spectroelectrochemistry. Two distinct single crystal structures of the dianion and an EPR spectrum of the radical anion were obtained. Contrary to other azaacenes, the lowest energy absorption in the UV-vis spectrum of the dianion is red-shifted in comparison to that of the neutral compound.


An investigation was carried out at Commercial orchard, Shalimar (Jammu & Kashmir) during 2016-17 to find out the effect of Spatial Pattern of Flowers on Fruit Retention in Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cv. Red Delicious. The fruits were numbered with indelible marker in June, defining the position (king or lateral blossom fruit); number of fruits in the cluster; and fruit from a 2, 3, 4 or 5 year old wood. The floor under the tree was cleaned and fruits were allowed to drop, fruits that dropped before 20 September were included under pre-harvest drop (this date was chosen after properly checking the maturity indices). The investigation revealed that fruit retention is significantly influenced by the spatial position of the fruits. Maximum fruit retention (70%) was found in king fruits. Among the different number of fruits in cluster, maximum retention of 100% (all selected fruits retained) was found in fruit clusters containing only 1 fruit and minimum in clusters containing 5 fruits. Among the different ages of wood, maximum fruit retention (80%) was obtained from 5 year old wood and minimum in case of youngest wood taken i.e., 2 year old wood.


This paper discuss the high school students´ argumentation. We aim to identify the goal of empirical data for students´ learning when they're working in small groups in the didactical laboratory. We studied a laboratory in which the students construct arguments to answer questions about the experimental activity. The analysis show that design of the didactical situation and the empirical data are important to make sense in laboratory activity.


between Central Medical Incorporated and Hoshino Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. Witnesses testified; attorneys argued; the Judge ruled; and the jury reached a decision. While everyone played their part in the courtroom, in the end, there was no appeal, no damage awards, and no injunction threats. The reason? This trial occurred not for the benefit of the parties, but for the benefit of the Japanese spectators. The Tokyo District Court and Waseda University hosted a U.S. mock trial to demonstrate United States patent litigation practices and to highlight some of the differences between patent infringement trials in Japan and those in the United States. Judge Rader from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit presided at the mock trial, and attorneys tried the case based on the facts from an actual patent case in Japan. It was believed to be the first time an event like this was held in Japan. As participants, we enjoyed the experience of demonstrating a U.S. patent infringement trial to the Japanese audience, and trust we contributed to a better understanding of Japanese and United States litigation practices. We represented the accused patent infringer, Hoshino Medical. Because the entire trial was limited to two hours an extremely short time to present a trial we focused on the parts of a trial that best demonstrate the differences between the Japanese and U.S. legal systems. Looking back at those differences, the testimony of live factual witnesses, different approaches to the doctrine of equivalents, and the presence of a jury stand out.


The rapid development of information technology has made Web-Based Instruction be the educational style in the new age and become a new trend globally. Web-Based Instruction has been experimented in Taiwan at present. With the fierce competition in the childhood education market in Taiwan and the pressure of survival, internationally new knowledge and educational concept in childhood education have been rapidly absorbed in Taiwan that the childhood education in Taiwan presents diverse instruction and curriculum models. With on-site questionnaire distribution and collection, the employees and children in the Preschool in Kaohsiung City are selected as the research subjects. Total 227 valid copies, out of 360, are retrieved, after deducting invalid and incomplete ones, with the retrieval rate 63%. The research outcomes are concluded that (1) the significantly positive effects of Web-Based Instruction on Interactive Learning are agreed, (2) the remarkably positive effects of Interactive Learning on Learning Effects are agreed, (3) the notably positive effects of Web-Based Instruction on Interactive Learning are agreed, and (4) Interactive Learning appears moderating effects on the relations between Web-Based Instruction and Learning Effects. At the end, this study tends to provide some suggestions and reference for Preschool which plan to implement Web-Based Instruction. 1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND Under the global competition and postmodernism, the educational reform has become popular in Taiwan. The Grade 1-9 Curriculum Guideline has been continuously discussed and modified. Nevertheless, childhood education is actually facing the age of transition and transformation. Moreover, the childhood education market has become competitive under the pressure of low fertility that internationally new knowledge and educational concept for childhood education are rapidly absorbed in Taiwan. The childhood education in Taiwan therefore presents diverse characteristics and curriculum models. In the numerous curricula and instruction, the status and role of children are rising and getting more important. The child-centered western education philosophy, which respects children, encourages active learning, cultivates problem-solving capability, and integrates life experiences in the curriculum, has become well-known in the childhood education in Taiwan.


Objective:To evaluate the curative effect and safety of quetiapine fumarate with quetiapine fumarate plus lithium carbonate in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder. Method:78 patients meeting bipolar affective disorder standards were randomly divided into research group (n=39) treated with quetiapine fumarate and control group (n=39) with quetiapine fumarate plus lithium carbonate for 4 weeks.Curative effects were assessed with the changing total scores of Young mania rating scale (YMRS),positive and negative symptom scales (PANSS) in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder and safety with the adverse events scale (AES),Simpson-Angus scale (SAS),Barnes akathisia rating scale (BARS) and abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) at the ends of 1st,2nd and 4th week. Results:After 4 weeks treatment,cure and effectiveness rates were 63.89% and 94.44% in the research group while 66.67% and 94.44% in the control group respectively,which showed no significant differences(P0.05).The YMRS scores of both groups decreased significantly after treatment and continuously long with the time of therapy (all P0.01) with no significant difference between groups(P0.05);Incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the research group than in the control group (χ2=4.06,P0.05). Conclusion:Quetiapine fumarate and quetiapine fumarate combined with lithium carbonate have same curative effects in bipolar affective disorder,but there are little negative effects in research group.


The invention discloses a manufacturing technology for improving a Pb-free solder property of a packfong strip. The manufacturing technology of the packfong strip comprises the steps of casting, surface milling, rough rolling, edge cutting, intermediate annealing, degreasing and cleaning, intermediate rolling, intermediate annealing, degreasing and cleaning, finished product rolling, finished product annealing, stretch bending and straightening, finished product cleaning and itemizing and storing, the finished product rolling working rate is 30 to 45%, and the roller surface roughness Ra adopted in the finished product rolling is less than or equal to 0.1[mu]m and larger than or equal to 0.3 [mu]m; the annealing temperature of the finished product is set to be 425 to 535 DEG C, and heat preservation is performed for 7 to 12 hours at the temperature; the concentration of the finished product cleaning acid liquor is controlled to be 4 to 9%; all of the finished product rolling, the finished product annealing and the finished product acid liquor cleaning improve the Pb-free solder property of the packfong strip.


A simple calculation expression of the shearing flow and the coordinates of bending center is introduced for the thin-walled beam with open section. The method of graph multiplication can be used to calculate the coordinates of the bending center of the thin-walled beam with open section which consists of n small rectangles, thus avoiding complicated integrated operation.


This paper reports the first record of Carcharhinus galapagensisl/Ig in the Mozambique Channel from 54 individual sightings and describes their association with the oceanic atoll, Bassas da India. The geographic distribution of C. galapagensisl/Ig is updated and the importance of the atoll to this species as a nursery area within the
Mozambique Channel is discussed.


Part of a larger project to design a production curriculum and measure the impact of this production activity on children's writing, visual thinking, and problem solving skills, a project developed an effective but inexpensive video for use in teaching animation processes to students at the elementary school level. The project used "cutout" or paperdoll animation--a simplfied form of cartooning that allows the same drawing to be used over and over--to dramatize a short script (an adaptation of a Scottish fairy tale, substituting aliens from outer space for fairies), and the animation was filmed on 8mm film. Audio production involved the taping of character voices and other story sounds. Both the film and the audio were then transferred to video tape for editing. The project took six weeks to complete, and had a total budget of $200. A showing of the first edit was well-received by a sample audience (five children ages 9-12), who were curious about how the video was made and interested in making one of their own. (One table of data Ls included, and 17 references are attached.) (SR) *********************************************h************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** SERENDIPITY IN PAPERDOLL ANIMATION:LOW BUDGET METHODS FOR A CHILDREN'S WORKSHOP


As a discipline, marine historical ecology (MHE) has contributed significantly to our understanding of the past state of the marine environment when levels of human impact were often very different from those today. What is less widely known is that insights from MHE have made headway into being applied within the context of present-day and long-term management and policy. This study draws attention to the applied value of MHE. We demonstrate that a broad knowledge base exists with potential for management application and advice, including the development of baselines and reference levels. Using a number of case studies from around the world, we showcase the value of historical ecology in understanding change and emphasize how it either has already informed management or has the potential to do so soon. We discuss these case studies in a context of the science-policy interface around six themes that are frequently targeted by current marine and maritime policies: climate change, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem structure, habitat integrity, food security, and human governance. We encourage science-policy bodies to actively engage with contributions from MHE, as well-informed policy decisions need to be framed within the context of historical reference points and past resource or ecosystem changes.


The invention provides a high-molecular ultrafiltration membrane and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the ultrafiltration membrane. The invention provides the high-molecular ultrafiltration membrane which is used for fluid separation, is suitable for most high-molecular materials, has the prepared high-molecular ultrafiltration membrane pore size of less than 15 nm, is narrow in pore size distribution, enables the separation layer thickness to be adjusted in a range of 0.05-5 [mu]m, and has ultra-high permeation flux and ultra-high separation efficiency, and the preparation method thereof. The high-molecular ultrafiltration membrane is composed of a large-hole support layer and a nano-pore separation layer. A high-molecular membrane-preparing liquid is firstly prepared by a freezing extraction method, and then the high-flux high-molecular ultrafiltration membrane is prepared.