Tolerance to uncertainty is becoming an increasingly popular subject for study in a wide variety of fields. Numerous studies are devoted to the problem of the influence of uncertainty tolerance on the learning process. This problem is no longer new to foreign psychology, but it retains its relevance at the present time. An analysis of modern domestic and foreign studies of uncertainty tolerance showed that there are conflicting data on the level of uncertainty tolerance among students at the university. The article presents the results of a study of uncertainty tolerance among students using the most common methods for studying this construct.


Three-stage Clos networks are commutation networks with circuit switching. So far, graph theory has been very useful tool for solving issues related to these networks with unicast connections. This is so because if Clos network is represented as a bipartite graph then connecting paths are easy transformed into edge coloring. It is also natural to use on-line edge coloring algorithms. However, the things get more complicated in case of multicast connections. There are four models of multicast 3-stage Clos networks: model-1 where only the first stage switches do not have fan-out capability, model-2 where only the second stage switches do not have fan-out capability, model-3 where only the third stage switches do not have fan-out capability and model-0 where no switches lack fan-out capability. In the paper we show some new results on model-0 and model-1 multicast Clos networks. In particular, we focus on rearrangeable multicast networks and prove that the problem of their rearranging is NP-complete.


Abstract Background Nucleoside analog GS‐441524 is effective in treating cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Investigation into the use of parent nucleotide analog remdesivir (GS‐5734) is needed. Objectives To assess efficacy and tolerability of remdesivir with or without transition to GS‐441524 in cats with FIP and document clinical and clinicopathologic progression over 6 months. Animals Twenty‐eight client‐owned cats with FIP. Methods Cats were prospectively recruited between May 2021 and May 2022. An induction dosage of remdesivir 10 to 15 mg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously q24h was utilized for 4 doses, with a maintenance dosage of remdesivir (6‐15 mg/kg SC) or GS‐441524 (10‐15 mg/kg per os) every 24 hours continued for at least 84 days. Laboratory testing, veterinary, and owner assessments were recorded. Results Twenty‐four cats survived to 6 months (86%). Three cats died within 48 hours. Excluding these, survival from 48 hours to 6 months was 96% (24/25). Remission was achieved by day 84 in 56% (14/25). Three cats required secondary treatment for re‐emergent FIP. Remission was achieved in all 3 after higher dosing (15‐20 mg/kg). Adverse reactions were occasional site discomfort and skin irritation with remdesivir injection. Markers of treatment success included resolution of pyrexia, effusions, and presenting signs of FIP in the first half of treatment and normalization of globulin concentration, and continued body weight gains in the latter half of the treatment period. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Parenteral administration of remdesivir and oral administration of GS‐441524 are effective and well‐tolerated treatments for FIP. Early emphasis on clinical, and later emphasis on clinicopathologic response, appears prudent when monitoring treatment efficacy.


Research papers can be visualized as a networked information space that contains a collection of information entities, inter-connected by directed links, commonly known as citation graph. There is a possibility to enrich the citation graph with meaningful relations using semantic tags. We have discovered and evaluated more than 150 citations' reasons from the existing published literature to be represented as citation tags. Many of these reasons have overlapped and diffused meanings. Annotating such a large volume of citation graphs with citation's reasons manually is nearly impossible, giving rise to a need to discover the citation's reasons automatically with high accuracy. The first step towards this is developing a minimal set of citation's context and reasons that are disjoint in nature. It would be a great help to the reasoning system if these reasons are represented in a formal way in the form of an ontology. By adopting a well-defined scientific methodology to formulate an ontology of citation reasons, we have reduced 150 reasons into only eight disjoint reasons, using an iterative process of sentiment analysis, collaborative meanings, and experts' opinions. Based on our findings and experiments, we have proposed a citation's context and reasons ontology (CCRO) that provides abstract conceptualization required to organize citations' relations. CCRO has been verified, validated, and assessed by using the well-defined procedures and tools proposed in the literature for ontology evaluation. The results show that the proposed ontology is concise, complete, and consistent. For the instantiation and mapping of ontology classes on real data, we have developed a mapping graph among the verbs with predicative complements in the English Language, the verbs extracted from the selected corpus using the NLP and CCRO classes. Using this mapping graph, the mapping of ontology classes in each citation's sentiment is explained with a complete mapping on the selected dataset.


Since participant numbers are no longer sufficient to assess the success of campus recreation centers, alternative methods such as students' perceived quality of service, levels of satisfaction, and their intentions to reuse and recommend the programs and facilities were investigated. This study examined the impacts of three service quality dimensions, i.e., ambiance of the facility, operations quality and staff competency, and user satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Two hundred and forty-nine student users of a campus recreation center were surveyed. Participants reported relatively high levels of service quality perceptions, satisfaction, and intentions to re-use and recommend the center. Results reaffirmed the significant contribution of service quality to user satisfaction. However, improved staff competency and user satisfaction did not increase users' intentions to use the center again. Users' overall satisfaction, along with operations quality, explained 25% of the variance in users' intentions to recommend the center to others. Findings suggest management personnel of campus recreation centers should focus on improving service quality, which in turn will increase users' satisfaction levels with the center, and ultimately, will lead to positive word-of-mouth. Future studies should recognize the unique characteristics of campus recreation center clientele so that factors influencing users' intentions to re-use the campus recreation center can be identified.


Ecohydraulics is the science bringing together ecology and hydraulics, and is based on the inter-disciplinarity of research within biology, ecology, fluvial geomorphology, sediment transport, hydrology, fluvial hydraulics, river engineering and water resources. In 1994, the first symposium on Ecohydraulics (then titled the 1st International Symposium on Habitat Hydraulics) was organised in Trondheim with about 50 speakers and 70 delegates. Since then, there has been a growing interest worldwide, and the symposiums on ecohydraulics have demonstrated the willingness to meet, share and discuss fundamental research and applications within this topic all over the world. After visiting Quebec City (Canada, 1996), Salt Lake City (USA, 1999), Cape Town (South Africa, 2002), Madrid (Spain, 2004), Christchurch (New Zealand, 2007), Concepción (Chile, 2009), Seoul (South Korea, 2010) and Vienna (Austria, 2012), the symposium was back in Trondheim for the 10th edition, celebrating 20 years of ecohydraulics. The symposium had about 300 delegates, giving 194 talks and presenting 86 posters. Among them, some were chosen for further work and publication in this journal. Due to increased human activities, climate change and other impacts, ecohydraulics science is becoming important to assess and propose solutions for services and societal needs in water resources combined with the preservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. The first paper in this Special Issue by Hardy et al. combines the classical hydrodynamic modelling with habitat requirements of endangered species of aquatic macrophytes and is a good example how applied ecohydraulics can support the implementation of targeted and sustainable restoration measures. As more and more irregular and intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power are being integrated into energy systems, the need for flexibility from other sources, such as hydropower, becomes increasingly important. Hydropower may have a significant impact on impacted river reaches, and it is always a challenge to find the optimal trade-offs between environmental impacts and power production. This challenge is also highlighted by The EU Water Framework Directive, which gives clear objectives for the restoration of European waterbodies. Barton et al. show how multi-criteria methodology can be applied to this water–energy–environment nexus, in order to diagnose the overall importance of different criteria and to give the decision-making more transparency. Hydropower can provide flexible power production, so-called hydropeaking, and it is important to investigate physical and biological impacts of such operations. Haas et al. found that salmons and trouts can still use spawning sites even though water levels drop down to 13– 17 cm. Haas et al. also proved that salmons return to their spawning grounds about two hours after a dewatered area has become wetted again. Bakken et al. looked at how hydropeaking variation in flow also affects water temperature. In a case study in Norway, the overall effect in accumulated degree-days seems to be minor, even though a delay in salmon egg development was found. River vegetation in natural rivers is often located discontinuously along the river banks. Up to date many studies investigated either the flow resistance of vegetation or considered existing fauna as impermeable structures. Tanaka and Ohmoto bring together both approaches and investigate how the length and the permeability of side cavities without vegetation and the vegetated zones affect the flow resistance. These results can directly feedback into management and maintenance actions, for example, pruning of natural vegetation in rivers. All articles from Ecohydraulics Symposium 2014 use combinations of simulation models, field studies and laboratory or in situ experiments to investigate and analyse the complex relationships present in ecohydraulic problems. These articles also demonstrate that multi-disciplinarity and the ability to combine both theoretical and practical skills, as well as several hydro-environmental sciences are needed in applied research. We hope that these examples of ecohydraulics applications can serve as motivation for investigating more of the unknown relationships in ecohydraulics, applying various and combined techniques and sciences to bridge knowledge gaps and ensure sustainable management of water resources in the increasing water–energy–environment nexus. The Guest Editors would like to thank the authors and co-authors of the articles in this Special Issue for their patience in waiting for reviewers' and editors' comments, and for their ability to incorporate changes and improving their manuscripts. We would also like to thank all reviewers for their efforts, and The Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research for their willingness to collaborate and allowing us to publish some of the best scientific contributions seen at the Ecohydraulics Symposium 2014.


Purpose: There is debatable data regarding the addition of azithromycin to the routine antibiotic prophylaxis of post-cesarean section (CS)infection. In this work, we tried to evaluate its potential benefit to protect against both post-cesarean maternal and fetalinfections.Methods: The study included 230 women who were intended to haveselective CS at Mansoura university hospital. They were randomlysubdivided into115 women that received azithromycin plus standardcephalosporin and another115 women that received standard cephalosporin alone. The main outcome is evaluation of post-cesarean sectioninfection as endometritis, wound sepsis, etc… across the puerperal period. Results: In comparison between the test group and the control group,there was significant reduction of re-admission during puerperium(0%vs 6.5%, p=0.01). Endometritis manifestations were significantly reduced, including: puerperal Fever >38OC (4.3% versus 15.2%), uterine tenderness (3.2% versus 11.9%), abdominal pain (1.1% versus14.1%), offensive vaginal discharge (2.1% versus 13%) and purulentdrainage from uterus (2.1% versus 9.8%). Wound infection manifestations were significantly reduced, including; erythema around incision(2.1%versus 8.7), induration around incision (3.2 versus 12%) and purulent discharge from incision site (1.1% versus 9.8%). Also, the needfor further antibiotic during puerperium was significantly reduced(3.2% versus 11.9%). There was no significant difference between the2 groups regarding neonatal outcomes.Conclusion: Azithromycin plus the standard cephalosporin administered to women in selective CS reduces maternal infections and maternal episodes of fever, with no clear benefit on the neonatal outcome


For proton and ion accelerators, betatron matching at injection is a delicate operation, vital to preserve phase space density. A new procedure is proposed in which a single detector in a circular machine measures the beam size for a dozen successive turns. Applications to SPS and LHC are analysed in details and practical solutions are presented for the detector using screens and a special CCD readout system. The method is so robust and accurate that it should allow to reduce the emittance blow-up to below 1 % in each plane. Experimentation will start during 1996 in the SPS.


Rice husk is an abundant and underutilized byproduct of rice milling industries, especially in main rice producing countries like Indonesia. The current challenge is how to contribute value addition to the rice milling industries by maximizing utilization of the unwanted rice husk. Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilizing rice husk for production of multifunctional liquid smoke. However, limited studies have been done on this aspect. Previous published reviews are mostly focused on development of liquid smoke from different wood varieties/types or palm oil waste. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive review and further research direction regarding potential development and applications of liquid smoke from rice husk based on the limited and scattered information currently available. This review covers production technology, characteristics, functional properties and potential applications of rice husk liquid smoke. The cited findings showed that there are are at least four pyrolysis techniques that can be used for production of rice husk liquid smoke. In addition, there are several factors that may influence the qulaity of the final product. These include modes of pyrolysis (temperature, heating rate, residence time), biomass composition, and storage condition and period. Each technique and factor can be adjusted and exploited to extract and produce valueadded liquid smoke by thermal processing. Rice husk liquid smoke has multifunctional properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antidiabetic. Composition of major constituents in rice husk liquid smoke determines the magnitude of its functional properties and potential applications. Based on its functional properties, rice husk liquid smoke has a great potential for food and agriculture applications, such as food flavorings, food preservatives, biopesticides, and plant growth regulator. This review will be valuable for both industries and communities. Utilization of rice husk for production liquid smoke will not only benefit rice milling industries and farmers, but also the environtment. 


The position of the CN stretching frequency in infrared spectra of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) complexed with methyl-substituted benzenes is used to determine the fraction of charge transferred from the electron donor to the acceptor.


Epulis fissuratum refers to tissue growth into the oral cavity, located over the alveolar ridges or the soft tissues of the vestibular sulcus. Trauma and irritation are important aetiological factors for epulis fissuratum and lesions arise in areas of persistent mucosal injury. This report presents a case of a 68-year old male patient with two soft tissue hyperplastic growths seen in the buccal vestibule in the lower anterior region. These lesions were removed using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The healing was uneventful and no suture or analgesic was required. The histopathological report confirmed the presurgical diagnosis. No relapse was observed till one year after surgery.


In four stocks (TS, DBA, RF, and C) of mice the calcium contents of atrium and ventricle were measured. After seven daily injections of 0·1 mg/kg reserpine the amounts of calcium were reduced in both heart chambers of all four stocks. Reserpine exerted its most depleting action on the stocks (DBA and TS) which had the highest control levels of calcium.


Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer usually presents at an advanced stage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreduction is a standard treatment procedure. Visual intraoperative impression of the extent of the disease, total disease burden and resection status at the end of the cytoreductive surgery are important prognostic factors. Systematic documentation of the operative findings forms the cornerstone of an oncology center. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out to carry out intra-operative mapping of ovarian cancer at the time of interval cytoreduction after a course of 3-4 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: 110 patients were included in the study. Profile of the patient were documented in the study along with the operative findings. It has evolved as a clinical and surgical audit of our center. Maximum tumour burden was evident in omentum (37.2%), followed by ovaries (11.8%) and deposits in pouch of douglas (7.2%). Notably, in 64.5% cases there was complete resection followed by R1 (residual disease status up to 1 cm) in 22.7% cases and R2 (residual disease status more than 1 cm) in 12.7% cases. In 43.6% there was complete remission of the disease with no evidence of the disease on histopathological examination.


The restaurant industry has historically been limited in its ability to adopt traditional revenue management pricing practices (e.g., variable pricing across tables and times) because of three specific challenges: (a) inability to segment customers by willingness to pay prior to seating, (b) limited ability to price discriminate (i.e., prioritize limited seating for the highest paying customers), and (c) inability to communicate menu price variances in advance. This article reviews common restaurant pricing strategies and discusses how each strategy cannot sufficiently address these three challenges. This work proposes a new strategy, the Priority Mixed Bundle (PMB) Strategy, which addresses all three of these challenges. The PMB states that customers can make reservations if they are willing to commit to dining from a prix-fixe menu while walk-ins can dine a la carte. The article argues for why PMB is theoretically viable and could be superior to existing menu pricing strategies. A field study shows that the PMB generates more revenue than a la carte strategies. Survey results suggest that customers perceive PMB as fair. Overall, this research advances theory in restaurant revenue management and proposes a pricing strategy for restaurants.


The design of a low-cost, linear position sensor, based on the transmission of ultrasonic signals in a magnetostrictive delay line is presented. The paper analyzes the sensor principle, parameters to be optimized, conditioning circuits as well as sensor characterization, comparing the results with commercial sensors.


Attitude has been considered as an essential factor influencing learning since it impacts on learning motivation, language performance, and achievement. Using Brown theory (2001) cited in Eshghinejad (2016) attitude influence success or failure in learning, it plays a very crucial role. Students' attitudes toward teachers' language become interesting topic to be discussed since languages used by the teacher in teaching lead the students to comprehend language learning. There were varying studies which discussed students' attitudes towards the teachers' language in the classroom. The present study was to investigate students' attitudes toward teachers' language preferences including teacher's mother tongue, target language, and code switching in EFL classroom.
This study is purposed: (1) to find out the teachers' language preferences, (2) to find out the students' attitudes toward teachers' preferences. This research is a case study which used qualitative approach. The participants of the research were forty-five students of fourth semester and three lecturers of English Education Department UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. The sample was selected by the purposeful sampling. The data was obtained from questionnaire, and interview. The data analysis was presented by describing the result of questionnaire responses and interview transcription.

The results of data analysis showed that students generally have positive attitude toward teachers' language preferences including teachers' mother tongue (Bahasa), target language (English), and code switching (between Bahasa and English). However, viewed from the behavior aspect of attitude, the students showed most positive attitudes toward teachers' code switching. On the other aspects, involving cognitive and affective, the students showed most positive attitudes toward teachers' target language (English).
In conclusion, students have positive attitude toward the languages used by the teachers in the classroom. It means students have good motivation and attention in language learning, but it should be balance with their performance and achievement in the classroom. It will be a recommendation for the next researcher.


immigration ethnicity and racism in britain 1815 1945 is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the immigration ethnicity and racism in britain 1815 1945 is universally compatible with any devices to read.


ABSTRACT: Water is an essential input for any agribusiness, used for various purposes such as hygiene procedures, heat exchangers and beverage formulation. Water charging, regulated in Brazil by the National Water Resources Policy (Federal Law 9.433/97), is an important issue for the food industry, since it may change the profile of food production costs. Thus, this article aimed to estimate the price increases in the dairy industry from the use of water charging and evaluate the potential benefit of this collection, comparing it to some planned investments in basins plans. We used a case study of a dairy that produced 1 t/d of mozzarella cheese in the state of Minas Gerais. Results indicated that water charging among the basins with current collection models may vary up to 131%. The increase in price related to water charging was low (0.04-0.09% of production costs), indicating that it can be absorbed by the industry. Conversely, values collected by the basins may be decisive for implementation of several actions aiming an average quantity and quality of water, which is good for the industry, itself. In the current charging collection models in the state of Minas Gerais, it is possible to recognize that collection is a promising initiative for the economical valuation of water. However, charging still seems to lack sufficiency in safety and a rationalization for its use.


Strength and ductility were evaluated for chromium alloys dispersion hardened with the putative TaC, TaB, CbC, and CbB compounds. TaC and TaB proved to be the most potent strengtheners, but when combined, their effect far outweighed that produced individually. Tests at 1422 K (2100 F) on an alloy containing these two compounds at the combined level of 0.5 m/o revealed a 495 MN/sq m (70 ksi) tensile strength for wrought material, and a 100 hour rupture strength of 208 MN/sq m (30 ksi) when solution annealed and aged to maximize creep resistance. These levels of high temperature strength greatly exceed that reported for any other chromium-base alloy. The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the two phase strengthened alloy occurred at approximately 588 K (600 F) when heat treated to optimize creep strength and was not improved by fabrication to produce a wrought and recovered microstructure. The lowest DBTT measured on any of the alloys investigated was 422 K (300 F). Strengthening phases actually formed in Cr-Ta-B and Cr-Cb-B compositions are probable M2CrB2 (M=Ta or Cb) compounds of tetragonal crystal structure. The likely habit relationship between these compounds and chromium is postulated. Cube habit coherency was identified for TaC precipitation in chromium by electron microscopy. In another study, the maximum solubility of carbon in chromium was indicated to lie between 3/4 and 1 a/o and that of boron to be 1/2 a/o.


The paper points out that cement stabilized crushed stone is a new kind of infrastructure for road,it maintains good entirety,water stability and frost resistance,as well as high early strength,faster increase in strength,easy to handle and low cost.The paper discusses about the constructional focal points of cement stabilized crushed stone combining new quality inspection rules,so as to consummate the technique.


Relevance. During the pandemic and large-scale vaccination against COVID-19, studies of the effect of various types of vaccines on human reproductive function have become particularly important. Vaccination may have a negative impact on the reproductive organs and tissues due to the development of an autoimmune process involving the gonads. Currently, there are some studies on the effect of vaccination against coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV2 on the male and female reproductive function. The absence of a negative effect of vaccination on spermatogenesis in men has already been demonstrated in the results of three studies. Objective. To evaluate the effect of the Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) vaccine on spermatogenesis and the level of antiphospholipid antibodies in men. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 45 men who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V). The criteria for inclusion in the study were the age from 18 to 55 years, the absence of a previous history of COVID-19, a negative RT-PCR result in SARS-CoV-2 testing, negative SARS-CoV-2 IgG results prior to vaccination, and the absence of severe somatic diseases. The patients were examined twice: immediately before vaccination and 90 days after the first dose was injected. We evaluated spermogram parameters, determined the levels of FSH, LH, TSH and total testosterone, and analyzed blood for IgM and IgG antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) to cardiolipin (aCL), β2-glycoprotein-1 (as2-GP1), annexin V (aAnV), phosphatidylserine (aPS), as well as IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using enzyme immunoassay. Results. There were no significant changes in the parameters of spermogram and hormone levels before and after vaccination;men with moderate impairment of spermatogenesis (oligoasteno-and/or teratozoospermia) did not show considerable changes either. The level of aPL after vaccination did not increase compared to the baseline level. Besides, there was no correlation between the dynamics of the level of antisperm antibodies, aPL and spermogram parameters. These findings indirectly indicate that there are no changes in the reproductive function associated with this autoimmune factor after vaccination in men. Conclusion. This is one of the first studies that has revealed the effect of the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine on spermatogenesis, hormonal profile and aPL level in men. The obtained results demonstrate that the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine does not have a negative effect on the reproductive function in men.


2-D 31P dipolar recoupling magic angle spinning NMR has been used to determine the true symmetry of the low temperature structure of ZrP2O7 for the first time.


Many historical studies have been published on how Lutheran and Calvinist teachings about death, salvation, and the Last Judgement differed from Catholic tradition. However, historians of the Reformation and death have not yet fully addressed how these diverging dying paradigms affected sensory practices of dying and burying among the laity. This article introduces attention to the senses in Catholic and Calvinist death rituals in the sixteenth-century Low Countries. It argues that how to use the body and the senses was at the heart of a chilling choice on which confessional death to die. By studying Catholic and Calvinist death rituals in sixteenth-century Lille and Tournai – French-speaking frontier cities close to hotbeds of Calvinism –  this article contributes to our understanding of sensory community and identity formation on a local level during the Reformation.


The High Density H-mode (HDH) is a highly promising ELM-free H-mode regime at the Wendelstein 7-AS stellarator exhibiting no impurity accumulation [1]. This is of particular interest as future fusion-oriented devices are mainly preferred to be run at high densities, a regime often susceptible to impurity accumulation and ensuing radiation collapse. The HDH mode is also characterized by flat density profiles, edge localized radiation and improved energy confinement, twice that of the standa rd scaling (ISS95). The mechanism responsible for this low impurity concentration has not ye t been found. It should be emphasized that the impurities are transported out of the plasma, not just blocked. Therefore our main aim is to find a possible candidate for the impurity fl ushing mechanism by investigating MHD modes present in the HDH phase and their relation to the impurity transport. The investigation is based on three poloida l arrays of Mirnov coils (16 channels sampled at 350 kHz, two 8 channel arrays at 1 MHz for limited time intervals) for given time interval and a single Mirnov channel at 250 kHz available throughout the discharge. Timefrequency analysis of the magnetic perturbations indicated three types of mode activity in the HDH regime: a, Low Frequency Oscillations (LFO): principle frequencies below 50 kHz with higher harmonics as well. This MHD mode is not unique for the HDH phase, it is also present in the quiescent H-mode phase (QH), an ELM-free H-mode phase prone to impurity accumulation, before the HDH transition. b, Quasi-Coherent Modes (QC): narrow band oscillations in the 50-150 kHz frequency range found in the first analysis [2] named afte r its similarity with the QC modes of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The analysis indicated QC modes appearing in the HDH phase in the Mirnov signals that had good correlation with the impurity radiation making it a good candidate for the impurity flushing mechanism responsible for the low impurity concentration. c., High Frequency Oscillations (HFO): in Hydrogen discharges higher frequency modes (200-350 kHz) can be found in the 1MHz Mirnov signals. As this measurement was only available for a short time window, clear re lation to the impurity radiation and more information about the mode cannot be obtained. Preliminary analysis shows that both, th e low and high frequency oscillations are always accompanied by quasi-coheren t modes in the HDH phase. Moreover further studies


The scope of this study was to investigate the influence of various solid cosolutes (glucose, fructose, galactose) on gelation of non-esterified pectin which was included in model processed cheese with 40% w/w dry matter and 50% w/w fat in dry matter. In the work, there were analyzed and compared following samples: the control samples, samples with 0,2 or 0,4% w/w of pectin, samples with 1% w/w of monosaccharide and samples with pectin and monosaccharide together. After 14 days of storage (at 6+-2 °C), it was observed consistency of the samples using the dynamic oscillation rheometry with plate-plate geometry. In the present work was found that samples containing pectin were firmer than control samples without pectin. The monosaccharide addition caused substantial decrease in the storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli values, i.e. the decline in firmness of model processed cheese with monosaccharide. All these monosaccharides reduced the values of storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli to the same level. Results in the first part of this study weren't exact, so it was made another part, where some cheese analogs were prepared. These analogs contained mainly from rennet casein and soya and coconut fat. The scope of this part was to find suitable composition for next study.


From the perspective of both the state and its citizens, it is vital that up‐to‐date versions of legislation relevant to an issue that concerns them are capable of being identified and accessed. If legislation is not readily and immediately accessible, finding it will prove to be a task that is beyond not only lay people but also competent and experienced lawyers. A principal cause of the difficulty encountered by users of statutes and statutory rules in finding the law on a particular topic that concerns them is that often the relevant provisions are to be found not in one self‐contained statute, but in a number of provisions scattered among a number of separate annual volumes. This article provides an overview of some historical and recent developments in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Jersey, and Canada, before proceeding to consider approaches by which responsible authorities keep their Statute Books accessible and coherent. It examines in detail the relative merits and demerits of the textual (or direct) method and the non‐textual (or indirect) methods of amendment. The article concludes that the benefits of having an up‐to‐date, accessible and coherent Statute Book must surely be obvious. Apart from the removal of the frustration, the cost savings to both the state and the private citizen in both time and effort are surely immense.


Introduction: Prevalence of diabetes including gestational diabetes mellitus has been increasing recently due to wide differences in living conditions, socio-economic levels and dietary habits. Hyperglycemia during organogenesis negatively influences fetal development leading to adverse perinatal outcome. Hence this study was planned to study the awareness about GDM among antenatal mothers.
Methods: Total of 200 antenatal mothers were included in the study, who filled in a close-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of 13 questions (6 on knowledge about GDM and its risk factors, 4 about GDM screening and treatment and 3 about the consequences of GDM). All questions were given categorical responses (yes and no) and were applied with an item score of '1', '0' respectively for positive knowledge. The data was analyzed and results were entered using simple means and percentage.
Results: 100% response rate was present. Mean age was 28±3.2 years. 44.5% of mothers were primigravida and 15.5% of mothers had history of GDM either in present or previous pregnancy. The total knowledge score about gestational diabetes was 7.72. The score for knowledge on GDM and its risk factors was 4.65. The knowledge score for awareness on screening and treatment was 1.78 and a consequence of GDM was 1.29.
Conclusion: The knowledge of our women on GDM was just average. Health education and awareness programs should be conducted to improve knowledge of antenatal mothers for better utilization of health services.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Antenatal mothers, Awareness


In the present work, Dextrin is used as a binder for iron ore pelletization, as it's free from Silica and Alumina. Green pellets were prepared by mixing of iron ore particles (-75 μm) with varying binder percentage (1 wt. % bentonite, 0.5 and 1 wt. % of dextrin) separately. The green pellets were first dried in air for 24 h and then in an electric oven at 383 K for 4 h. The dried pellets were fired at varying temperatures (1173, 1273, 1373, and 1473 K) and indurated for 1 and 2 h. The samples were characterized for physical (pellet size) and mechanical (compressive strengths, porosity and hardness) properties. Good quality pellets were prepared with organic binder, and which increases the compressive strength of dry and fired pellets. Strength results are matching with the bentonite binder pellets and it is well above the industrially acceptable limit (250 kg/pellet). Porosity of the fired pellets decreases with increasing temperature and induration time. The hardness of the pellet varies from surface to core of the pellet. Moreover, the influence of wear mechanism (based on collisions) on pellets and its characteristics of generated particle size distribution (PSD) have been investigated. It was noticed that the material loss during wear test decreases with increasing strength of the pellet. From PSD analysis, the coarse particles were revealed that the collisions are dominating during wear.


Nowadays many applications working with data sets have export options to the spreadsheet format. Most of the reasons are related to the common user's experience with such products and to the possibility to build up further on something that is more than a simple static and read only report.Beyond generating alerts for exceptions or identifying clusters, association rules, decision trees, and many other patterns, the purpose of Business Intelligence is also to determine trends and make predictions about the future based on historical data. In this context, this paper shows some practical results after testing the automatic creation of time series charts and trend lines corresponding to the user's preferences and not forgetting to suggest the most appropriate trend for the tested data.


We use molecular simulation to study the wetting behavior of water near flat nonpolar surfaces. The interface potential approach is used to capture the evolution of various interfacial properties over a broad range of temperature and substrate strength. Three model substrates are considered: an atomistically detailed face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice, a graphite lattice, and a structureless wall. We first examine the evolution of the contact angle with substrate strength for conditions ranging from near drying to complete wetting at select temperatures. A notable characteristic of all systems is the presence of a surface strength at which the contact angle is independent of temperature. We also identify an analogous point in which the quantity γlv cos θ is temperature invariant. We discuss the relationship between this point and the excess entropy of the solid–liquid interface. We next consider the temperature dependence of interfacial properties. We find the contact angle to decrease with temperature at ...


Cryptography and cryptanalysis 2 Introduction Cryptology, Greek for hidden work, is the science that deals with hidden, disguised, or encrypted communications. (FS1037C) It is divided into two sub disciplines, Cryptography, the art and science of secret writing, and Cryptanalysis, the practice of defeating the attempts to hide information through Cryptography. (Mayer, 1997) Encryption is the transformation of data into unreadable form. (Anonymous) Decryption is the reverse process of encryption, it is the transformation of encrypted data back into some intelligible form. (Anonymous) Cryptography Cryptography has always been a tool primary used by the military. In fact the first known person to encrypt correspondence was Julius Caesar, using the shiftby3 rule. (Anonymous) However as society has changed and information became more and more important, securing data has become a primary objective for companies as well as for individuals. Cryptography today is almost exclusively based on encryption keys. Such a key is used to transform plain text into the socalled cipher text, the encrypted plain text. It should be impossible to retrieve the plain text out of the cipher text without knowing the key. The two basic types of encryption techniques used today are symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric Cryptography When a symmetric, or secretkey, algorithm is used the key for encryption and decryption is identical. Secretkey encryption can be divided into stream and block cipher Cryptography and cryptanalysis 3 algorithms. (Tech corner) Stream ciphers encrypt a single bit of plaintext, while block ciphers take a number of bits, usually 64, and encrypt them as a single unit. In general, symmetric algorithms are much faster to execute then asymmetric ones. (Tech corner) However, one of the major downside is that the common key for en and decryption has to be transmitted in some way; this process is called key management. This can be done in many different ways, mail, phone, etc. It has to be emphasized that the most secure algorithm is useless if the transmission of the key is intercepted and a third party learns the key. Algorithm (IDEA), and the RC 4. (Tech corner) DES, the most widely spread cipher, was developed in 1974, uses 64bit block sizes and 56bitkeys. Even though, the DES has been broken and is not considered safe for commercial and governmental use any more, it is still the most important single algorithm in Cryptology. (Tech corner) The AES, the official successor of the DES, supports a …


A series of polythiolcarbamates, [—CONH—X—NHCOS—Y—S]m, have been prepared in which X was either aliphatic or aromatic and Y was a wide variety of aliphatic groups. Synthesis of the polymers by two different methods, the tertiary aminecatalyzed solution polymerization of diisocyanates with dimercaptans and the interfacial polycondensation of bischlorothiolformates and diamines, proved that the polymers had the desired thiolcarbamate structure. Greater yields of lower molecular weight polymers were obtained by the diisocyanate method. Polythiolcarbamates were found to be highly insoluble white powders which tend to decompose in light, in hot solvents, and in aqueous base. They melt somewhat higher than their oxygen analogues, but are less thermally stable.


We report a novel approach for the real-time and highly sensitive detection of carbon deposition on solid catalysts using the resonance frequency shift of a single-mode microwave. Using a microwave reactor system, the change in dielectric constant within the cavity was observed. Since the dielectric constant of catalysts and absorption of the microwave by the catalysts increase with carbon deposition, we hypothesized that shifts in the resonance frequency could be used to characterize carbon deposition. We evaluated the efficacy of the proposed method using ethanol steam reforming as a model reaction with various steam-to-carbon ratios, and the results were validated by comparison with thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The increased sensitivity of the method compared with thermogravimetry for carbon deposition detection was demonstrated (100 ppm order of carbon can be detected). The proposed method can be extended to other catalytic conversions of various hydrocarbons in which ca...


The article introduces the construction of the statistic information engineering network structure, and utilizes the platform of Windows NT to establish the internal and external sub-web of statistics. It expounds the configuration and the function of the hardware and software of the internal and external webs. Finally it puts forward a practical solution of how to realize the establishment and management of the website for statistics system based on the platform of Windows NT.


The pipelines used to transport oil and gas tend to expand due to high temperature and pressure conditions. If this expansion is inhibited, a compressive axial force arises. The pipeline can relieve the stresses by lateral or upheaval buckling. The objective of the present work is to analyze the instability of pipelines due to internal pressure, experiencing different boundary conditions and imperfection magnitudes. It aims at discussing the equivalence between approaches that involve the application of the load as the internal pressure and as an equivalent compression with follower and non-follower characteristics, besides discussing the influence of using static or dynamic analysis for such approaches. The methodology involves the development of geometrically-simple Timoshenko beam structural models. To perform the simulations, Giraffe finite element software is used for nonlinear analysis. The study presents comparisons between critical forces and post-buckling configurations for the different boundary conditions, imperfections, load types and analysis methods considered,  as well as comparisons between numerical and analytical solutions. Through the study, it is concluded that the equivalence in results between the distinct approaches depends on the nature of boundary conditions. Keywords: Buckling, Effective axial force, Internal pressure, Nonlinear analysis, Pipeline.


Predicate-Transition Net Reachability Testing Using Heuristic Search Nonmember Jaegeol Yirn (Doug-Kook University at Kyung-Ju ) Nonmember Peter C. Nelson (University of Illinois at Chicago) Nonmember Tadao Murata (University of Illinois at Chicago) Summary Given two markings MQ and Mg on a predicate-transition (pr/t) net , finding a firing sequence which transl'orms M0 to Mg is called the reachability test problem . Once a problem in the real world has been modeled as a pr/t net, a solution of the problem can be, in most cases , directly obtained from performing a reachability test on the pr/t net model . However, as a problem with exponential complexity , there does not gist an efficient algorithm to perform the reachability test . One method which might be used in solving such a problem is heuristic search. The efficiency and effectiveness of a heuristic search algorithm is dependent upon its heuristic function. We have found several admissible and monotonic heuristic functions which can be used to solve the reachability test problem . We have implemented an iterative deepening A= algorithm using our heuristic functions, and present the experimental results for our heuristics .


To realize a dexterous robot hand, we must acquire information at the robot's fingertips. A tactile sensor has been developed for dexterous robot hands. Since this tactile sensor consists of multiple three-axis force sensors with strain gauges, it enables to get force and torque information at robot's fingertips. In this paper, the static characteristics of the three-axis force sensor that is a part of the tactile sensor are demonstrated, and the best experimental method to obtain accurate and precise force values is proposed. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental results of attached object movement detection with this tactile sensor are described in this paper.


We have carried out a combined experimental and theoretical study on the influence of lanthanum, nitrogen, and fluorine treatments on the electric properties of high-k metal gate (HKMG) devices. In particular, we have developed a theoretical gate stack model which is able to predict qualitatively and quantitatively the influence of nitrogen, fluorine, and lanthanum treatments on the characteristic electric properties of Si-SiON-HfO2 gate stacks. The combination of this theoretical model with experimental investigations of several differently treated HKMG devices allows the estimation of the amount of incorporated impurity atoms in different material layers. Furthermore, we propose an atomistic mechanism for the incorporation of lanthanum and fluorine impurity atoms and we can explain the results of recent leakage current measurements by a passivation of oxygen vacancies within the HfO2 layer.


Ferroelectric HfxZryOz (HZO) with an average polarization switching window of 32 µC/cm2 was demonstrated on a Si substrate with a ZrO2 interfacial layer (IL). It is suggested that the ZrO2 IL below HZO crystallizes in the form of an o-phase prior to HZO crystallization, during rapid thermal annealing, thereby promoting the vertical growth of an o-phase HZO layer. HZO with the ZrO2 IL consists mainly of an o-phase that exhibits an in-plane tensile stress of 2.68 GPa, resulting in superior ferroelectric characteristics. This technology has the potential to expedite the realization of ferroelectric Hf-based dielectrics in advanced memory and logic technology.Ferroelectric HfxZryOz (HZO) with an average polarization switching window of 32 µC/cm2 was demonstrated on a Si substrate with a ZrO2 interfacial layer (IL). It is suggested that the ZrO2 IL below HZO crystallizes in the form of an o-phase prior to HZO crystallization, during rapid thermal annealing, thereby promoting the vertical growth of an o-phase HZO layer. HZO with the ZrO2 IL consists mainly of an o-phase that exhibits an in-plane tensile stress of 2.68 GPa, resulting in superior ferroelectric characteristics. This technology has the potential to expedite the realization of ferroelectric Hf-based dielectrics in advanced memory and logic technology.


Layer transfer via ion-cut has been developed for GaN to fabricate multiple templates from a high-quality GaN wafer without compromising the crystallinity. Here, we report on the successful fabrication of 4-in. layer-transferred GaN on sapphire. A high quality epitaxial layer is also successfully grown despite the structural degradation in the transferred layer by hydrogen implantation. Fully packaged vertical light-emitting diodes grown on the template exhibit the peak external quantum efficiency of 48.6% and optical output power of 1.8 W at 220 A/cm2, suggesting that the template could serve as a low-cost substrate for high-performance nitride devices.


VEENSTRA, MARJORIE SHAFER. Behavior Modification in the Home with the Mother as the Experimenter: The Effect of Differential Reinforcement on Sibling Negative Response Rates. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 20792083. The results of the present study indicate that behavior modification can be effectively achieved by individuals relatively untrained in operant conditioning techniques. Using differential reinforcement, a housewife, in the role of experimenter, reduced sibling negative response rates during the family dinner hour.


The reusability of business processes is very important feature, just like the reusability of software products. The existing process meta-modals cannot support the process reuse. A process meta-modal is proposed to support domain reuse. Refering the to classs inheritance technology in the OO, the common character and abstract-reification relation ship among domain business processes are expressed. With the mechanism of parameter template, the abstract expression ability of process modal is strengthened. A platform-independent process definition language is designed based on the meta-modal, it can be convert into specific process definition language by mapping mechanism, such as WSFL、WPDL. Consequently, some workflow engine can execute it and web services can be integrated. A prototype system named "PM Builder" is realized to build process model by the use of the meta-model and its language.


Purpose To discuss an ideal index of monitoring whole blood concentration of cyclosporine A(CsA) in the patients after a liver or kidney transplantation.Methods The trough concentration(C0) and the peak concentration(C2) of CsA were determined by Fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA) method in 42 cases of liver transplantation and 136 cases of kidney transplantation.Results The mean value of ratio of C0 and C2(C0/C2) in liver transplant recipients and kidney transplant recipients is 3.6 and 4.8 respectively.The mean value of C0/C2 in liver or kidney transplant recipients with different gender was different obviously.Conclusion The value of C0+C2 and C0/C2 can be an ideal and safe index to reflect the metabolism process of CsA in liver or kidney transplant recipients,especially C0/C2.


A model is constructed to evaluate the mode III stress intensity factor(SIF) for orthotropic three-layered material with a center crack subjected to uniform anti-plane shear loading. A mixed boundary value problem is formulated by Fourier integral transform method and a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is derived. The integral equation is numerically analyzed to evaluate the effects of the ratio of shear modulus, strength of each layer and crack length to layer thickness on the stress intensity factor.


The accurate determination of the measuring volume is one of the most important conditions for the verification of the roentgen dose unit by means of a standard ionization chamber. The realization of this demand was discussed in detail and the importance of several controls of the size of the diaphragm cross section and the length of the electrode was pointed out, based on experiments made by the authors. It is possible that the beam used for the measurements is not homogeneous enough, making the results dependent on the size of the diaphragm and causing wrong results, when secondary standards or dosemeters are calibrated. This is particularly true if there are needed high dose rates with short focus distances. The authors' experiments also point out the importance of the diaphragm close to the focus. It was concluded that a standard chamber mast be equipped with diaphragms of different sizes of cross section and particularly chambers for the determination of soft radiation doses should also be equipped with electrodes of different lengths, both being easily interchangeable without changing the position of the chamber. (auth)


Alkaline cellulase producing Fusarium oxysporum VSTPDK was isolated and screened from the soil of Kapurthala district Punjab, India. This organism produced endoglucanase (CMCase) and exoglucanase (FPase) when grown at a different range of parameters pH (6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11), temperature (30, 40, 50 and 60OC), incubation time (4th 6th 8th 10th and 12th day) and nitrogen source (NH4SO4, NH4Cl, NaNO3 and NH4HCO3). Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and cellulose powder were used as the sole carbon source. In this research, statistical tools called Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of cellulase enzyme by selecting three important parameters after one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. Using OFAT, optimum production of both CMCsase (3.52U/mL) and FPase (4.07U/mL) were achieved after 8 days incubation at pH 8, temperature 30OC and 1.0g/L ammonium sulphate while RSM produced CMCase 3.91U/mL and FPase 4.26U/mL respectively when incubated for 8 days at pH 8.5, temperature 45 and 3% ammonium sulphate concentration. Optimization of the culture conditions using RSM leads to an increase of 0.39U/mL (CMCase) and 0.19U/mL (FPase). The use of RSM has gained considerable attention in the past decade in the optimization of various physicochemical parameters and nutritional factors. Its application in different industries may find ways of selecting different factors influencing cellulase activity. The fungus can produce a considerable amount of cellulase enzyme at a pH of up to 10 and 50OC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of alkalothermophilic oxysporum VSTPDK from Punjab, India.


RESPIRATORY disease continues to be a major problem for horse owners and trainers worldwide. Lower airway inflammation is now recognised in a range of animals, from aged ponies to young racehorses. This article discusses recent developments in the definitions and understanding of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD). For both conditions, it describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. A more comprehensive discussion of therapeutic options was provided in an earlier article in In Practice (Durham 2001).


Abstract We want to focus in this discussion on three of the issues most closely associated with child protection, child abuse and child neglect. These issues are are mental distress, poverty and participation. A key theme in our discussion will be the connections that exist between the individual, society and the state. We want to keep these relations to the front of our discussion because underlying it is the view that only by focussing on both the personal and the social can policy and practice operate effectively to safeguard common rights and meet people's different needs.


Support vector machine(SVM) is a new learning method based on statistical learning theory,which can effectively solve the over study problem by using structural risk minimization(SRM) and has better generalization performance.Traditional SVM is developed for binary classification problems,in order to analyze huge and multi-category data for practical problems,a comparison result about the classification speed and accuracy is given through analyzing the theory and realization method of all-together,one-against-rest,one-against-one and directed acyclic graph sup-port vector machine(DAGSVM).Experimental results show that various methods can get different classifier generalization ability,training speed and test speed.The direction of how to solve multi-class classification effectively is proposed.


Objective: To evaluate diagnostic significances of 131 I uptake and KCl4 release tests for thyroid diseases. Methods: 110 cases of the patients with thyroid diseases were divided into 4 groups: hyperthyroidism group (50 cases), hypothyroidism group 1 (18 cases)because of drug effect, hypothyroidism group 2 (25 cases) because of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hypothyroidism group3 (17 cases)because of dysfunction of hormone synthesis. TT3?TT4?FT3?FT4?TSH? TGAb?TMAb, 131 I uptake and KCl4 release tests were examined for all groups. Results: Serum TT3?TT4?FT3?FT4 in hyperthyroidism group were higher than control group, TSH was lower than control group,2 h 131I uptake test was higher than control significantly(P 0.05) and KCl4 release test was negative. TT3?FT3 in hypothyroidism group 1, 2 and 3 were lower, TSH was higher than control group,2 h 131I uptake tests were higher than control group and KCl4 release tests were positive. Conclusion: 131I uptake test can show the ability of I uptake for thyroid only and KCl4 release test can reflect the activity of TPO for thyroxin anabolic process. It is necessary to take systematic examination of nuclear medicine to diagnose thyroid diseases.


Dear Editors, Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has been used for decades for treating thrombosis. Serra et al. advocate that LMWH is helpful for treating chronic ulcers because of its ability to regulate extracellular matrix and support healing (1,2). But there is no evidence-based consensus on the effectiveness of LMWH in the treatment of chronic ulcers. Therefore the purpose of the study is to determine, by systematic review and meta-analysis, the therapeutic effect of LMWH on chronic ulcers. Our search included PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases for studies published through September 2016 with inclusion criteria: (i) randomised control trials (RCTs); (ii) interventions that included subcutaneous injection of LMWH alone; (iii) documentations of wound healing status; (iv) full English articles. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) duplicate databases; (ii) animal or laboratory studies; (iii) interventions other than LMWH were involved in control group. One author selected eligible studies consistent with our


In order to obtain high titer monoclonal antibodies to MT, coupling MT to bovine serum albumin with formaldehyde and by immunizing Balb/c mice with multifocal intra-dermal injections with this MT conjugate., by Peg-induced fusion of immune PLN and Sp2/0 cells, we selected the positive cell strains and determined the titer of the McAb to MT. We evaluated the specificity of antibodies by determination of cross-reactivity of several analogues, we obtained 5 strains of hybridoma (4C9D7,3E12C7H11E7,3E12A9D7,6A6A3A2C3,1E1E2H2H6) whitch stably secreted higher titer monoclonal antibodies to melatonin.


The HDM-4 model is capable of monitoring the condition of the pavement depending on multiple parameters and of designing and completing repair accordingly. This occurs based on the setting of degrading curves for damage and deformation in the pavement structure. Repair and maintenance work is strictly linked to the courses; of course this means a need for funding. If the degrading curves are not set correctly the need for repair may arise regardless of whether the pavement actually is in a condition requiring such repair. One of the main factors affecting pavement degrading and, therefore, the behaviour of the HDM-4 model, is the socalled structural number (SN). There are many methods used globally to determine the SN value, based on the quantity and quality of the data available which might include: elasticity modules for the materials, pavement structure layer thicknesses, output from the back calculation programs, output from the FWD device or design characteristics of the road. In the Czech Republic substantial inconsistencies have been detected in the current methodology for the coefficient determination; therefore, the expression of the structural number has been optimised both for new road constructions and for existing pavements. The calibration of pavement SN determination in the Czech Republic was carried out by means of the VYNAPA software which modelled pavement structures most frequently used in the territory.


Abstract This paper examines cash management bill announcements in an event study framework and finds that segmentation in the Treasury bill market is widespread and not limited to bills maturing across month-ends. Announcements of cash management bills, which represent unexpected additional supplies of outstanding Treasury bills, cause the yields on these bills to rise significantly relative to yields on adjacent maturity bills. This paper also finds, consistent with other studies, that segmentation is greater at the short end of the bill market.


The present invention provides a flat shape famous green tea processing method, which includes: firstly performing spreading and greening processing to fresh leaves, and then continuously performing roller de-enzyming, microwave tempering, automatic grounding, and then using a cooling storage machine for cooling the grounded leaves, frying drying after the leaves are cooled and enter in a flat tea frying machine, finally determining whether it is needed to enter a hexagon brightness dried machine for hair-off treatment or directly use far infrared perfuming machine to performing perfuming. The invention integrates the use of stacked-type multiple layer placing frame, roller de-enzyming, microwave de-enzyming machine, automatic tea carding machine, cooling storage machine, drying machines, hexagonal brightness drying machine/far-infrared perfuming machine and the like machining processes and equipment for integrated considering, so that the appearance of the obtained product is flat and smooth, fragrant, to realize mechanization machining of flat famous green tea.


Background Stroke is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality and disability. Therefore, it is very important to illuminate the pathological mechanism and find effective treatment strategies. Hypothermia therapy is widely used in clinical as a neuroprotective strategy practice. However, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Methods Four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) was used to establish animal models of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and nasopharyngeal cavity cooling method was used for hypothermia treatment. Extracellular fluid in hippocampal CA1 area was collected by microdialysis technology, and extracellular glutamate concentration ([Glu]e) was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression levels of glial glutamate transport-1(GLT-1), Bcl-2 and Bax at the determined time points in hippocampal CA1 area were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry and histopathological evaluation was performed by thionin staining. Dihydrokainate (DHK), a GLT-1 specific inhibitor, was used to confirm the function of GLT-1 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results Cerebral brain ischemia-reperfusion caused the downregulation of GLT-1 and Bcl-2, the upregulation of Bax, and an increase in [Glu]e, and leaded to neuron loss. Head mild hypothermia (HMH) for 2 h applied 8min after ischemic insult attenuated the abovementioned effects of ischemia-reperfusion, while pretreatment with DHK by injection into the lateral ventricle inhibited this effect. Conclusion HMH can play a neuroprotective role by upregulating GLT-1 and reducing the excitotoxicity of Glutamate during ischemia-reperfusion insult in rats. Keywords Ischemia-reperfusion; Mild hypothermia; Glutamate transport; Neuroprotection


If a parent is asked to report about the occurrence of first interactions with his child in which the infant actively coordinated his/her visual attention to the parent and some other object you get various answers and interpretations. The main feature for identifying these triadic interactions is the gaze alternation (between the object and adult), whether the infant shares attention to an object, follows the directions of someone' s gaze or gestures, or directs adult' s attention or behavior. These joint attentional activities start to happen frequently as soon as the infant begins to understand others as intentional beings, that is to communicate intentionally. Numerous studies that have been done since the seventies till nowadays settle the time of emergence of joint attention episodes between the 9 and 15 months of age. Why is so much research done in the field of joint attention? Researchers were puzzled with the fact that early signs of linguistic communication co-occur with emergence of joint attentional activities. Some findings say that the amount of time spent in joint attention activities around the first year predicts the child's vocabulary at 18 months (Tomasello & Todd, 1983). Among others, Carpenter, Nigel and Tomasello (1998) have proposed the idea that children somehow "set off" in language acquisition through joint attentional interaction. Since the pointing gesture is shown to be the main tool for engaging in joint attentional interactions many studies focused on comprehension of pointing (when attention following) and other on production of pointing (when attention and behavior directing). Analogously, production and comprehension seem to develop independently in joint attention. This work gives an overview of the joint attention skills (ontogeny, the order of occurrence, relations to language development) and tries to find answers on questions like: What is the theoretical frame for joint attentional skills?, What is the nature of relations between different joint attentional skills?, What happens when joint attention does not emerge in the proposed period?, How is joint attentional engagement followed and analyzed?


Generally the concept of reliability has been interpreted as applied to hardware and software and has been based upon the composition of components assuming perfect semantic transactions between them, i.e., with no consideration to variation in the interpretation of the meanings of messages between various components. In multi-agent systems, where the agents interact with each other more than merely sending and receiving messages, cooperative decisions are made based upon beliefs, desires, intentions and autonomy of individual agents. In such cases even if the components as well as the interconnections are error free in the classical sense, there can be serious failures due to semantic variability and consequently the concepts of reliability need to be extended to semantics as well. This paper explores this new concept of semantic reliability and its relationship to the system reliability and information extraction processes. This paper examines the communication between agents and semantic error modes in multi-agent systems. Rao and Georgeff's (1995) BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) model of intelligent agents is used to decompose the semantic variation into its contributing parts from various subsystems comprising the agents. From this the impact and the risk management strategies including fault tolerance are evolved. World representation, domain ontologies, and knowledge representation are brought out as important determinants of error control. Fault tolerance design based on goal hierarchy is suggested.


This work raises the question, why the contents of trainings in further education are often not applied in operational and everyday business. The authors do not want to leave it at that but rather focus on the transfer of what has been learned in a training and how trainings should be structured after all so that transfer can indeed take place. For this purpose, the term 'competence' is introduced at first, which should not be confused with 'knowl-edge.' Competences rather are 'applied knowledge.' Then the concept of meta-competence is introduced. Meta-competence means a competence of using competences which is of interest especially to leaders. Finally we look at transfer competence, which is the ability to apply acquired knowledge in practice. Classic trainings fail to make knowledge relevant for practice because only little or no transfer competence is activated. Therefore, towards the end of this work, we introduce a training measure, which systematically activates transfer competence and focuses on competences. For this reason, the correct name of this type of training should be 'competence development.'


By applying the historical method, this study aims to explain the history of the development of the gong (karandu) in Southeast Sulawesi and how the gong changes its function and symbol. The karandu entry into Tolaki estimated about the 13th century AD, originated from Java (Majapahit) and then experienced development during the Wolio kingdom. Furthermore, the acquisition of karandu occurred between the 16th and 20th centuries from outside traders as well as through shipping and trade with the natives. Gongs at that time were used as royal and confidential treasures of high value, art, ceremonies, social status, and many more. The gong evolved to communicate in particular situations, such as codes or signs of danger, meetings, grief, etc. The function of adat as a customary object in the moruhu owuku/ mooli anakia custom (buying nobility). The traditional object in marriage was called tawa-tawa sara (traditional gong), then replaced with money (nililima/ nilungga). The religious function was used when the Mokoweadeath ceremony was beaten when death occurs until the body was delivered to the cemetery. This function remained limited to the descendants of the nobility, the rich, or those with positions. In the past, gongs had an economic role with high prices and values as a criterion of prosperity. Several symbols were contained in the gong: social status, classic, unity, religious, and communication. Nowadays, they are no longer considered valuable objects.


wa.s very drowsy, but could be awakened. The temperature was then normal, but by 4 p.m. had risen to 1010, the pulse being 148 anid the respiration 36; by 8 p.m. the temperature had reached 1040. The child complained of pain over the lumbar region and the left hip. There was no bowel actioin. (On the second day the temperature rose to 105.60 at 10 a.m .; there was headache, and the pain over the left hip continued ; the abdomen was soft, there was no tendlerness, and the chest was normal. The throat was slightly inflamed. The child was still very drowsy, and an ertenma produced only a slight conistipated result. The colnditioni remained practically unchanged throughout the day. OIn the third day the temperature was 105.40, the pulse being 152 and the respiration 40. The child was very drowsy anid lay curled up on her side. She complained of severe headache, and of pain at the back of the neck, in the shoulders, and in the dorsal region. She' was uttering constant slight cries, and definite head retractioni was present. Tthe pupils were unequal, but reacted to light; the ocular movements were normal, and there was no nystagmus nor othlier cranial nerve disturbance. All the limb and abdomen reflexes appeared hypersensitive, but the Babinski sign was absent. Pronounced ankle cloinus was obtainable oln botlh sides, and Kernig's sign was strongly marked. The arms were maintained in a flexed position with moderate rigidity. Lunmbar puncture was performed at 3 p.m., and 22 c.cm. of clear colourless fluid, under pressure, were withdrawn. The report showed a cell percentage of less than 1 ; globulin wats not in excess, the protein percentage was 50 mg., that of chlorides 0.71, and of sugar 0.118. By 6 p.m. the tcmperatuire had dropped to 1020, and the child was much less restless. Four hours later it was 98.40, the pulse rate being 130 and the respiration rate 30; she was sleeping quietly. On the fourth day the child( 'appeared very much better, the temperature being 97.20, the pulse 118, and the respirationi 24. The pupils were now equal, but the muscles generally were still very irritable. Kernig's sign. was still )resent but not marked. She was not drowvsy, and was very hungry. The child had her first unaided bowel action M ith a semni-fluid and dark greenish result. On the fifth day the temperature was 97 40, the pulse 72, and the respiratioIl 22. The child appeared perfectly normal, and her app)etite was good. On the eleventh day there was a rise of temperature to 101.40, without symptoms, and the child was discharged cured on the sixteenth day.


Ensemble calculations are essential for systems with uncertain data but require substantial increase in computational resources. This increase severely limits ensemble size. To reach beyond current limits, we present a first-order artificial compressibility ensemble algorithm. This algorithm effectively decouples the velocity and pressure solve via artificial compression, thereby reducing computational complexity and execution time. Further reductions in storage and computation time are achieved via a splitting of the convective term. Nonlinear energy stability and first-order convergence of the method are proven under a CFL-type condition involving fluctuations of the velocity. Numerical tests are provided which confirm the theoretical analyses and illustrate the value of ensemble calculations.


The aorta is the main artery and plays an important role in the blood circulatory system. Diseases of the aorta such as aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection have high mortality rates, hence the study of the mechanical properties of the aorta has been an active research area. In many previous studies, the aorta has been considered as a straight cylindrical tube undergoing uniform circumferential deformation and therefore uniform strain/stress distribution in the circumferential direction. However, recent biomedical imaging studies show that the aorta has circumferentially nonuniform deformation during the cardiac cycle [1] and the aortic wall distends asymmetrically [2]. Furthermore, it has been shown that the anterior wall displacement is larger than the posterior wall displacement [3]. These in vivo studies have raised yet another question as to whether nonuniform deformation is due to the inhomogeneous properties of the aortic wall or due to surrounding tissues.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The connectivity of a graph is an important parameter to measure its reliability. Structure and substructure connectivity, component connectivity and k -restricted connectivity are well-known generalizations of the concept of connectivity, which have been extensively studied from the combinatorial point of view. Very little result is known about their complexity other than the recently obtained computational complexity of k -restricted edge-connectivity. In this paper, we zero in on characterizing the complexity of structure and substructure connectivity, component connectivity and k -restricted connectivity of graphs, showing that they are all NP-complete.


The invention relates to a subject SYNTHETIC DISPERSION MATERIAL SYNTHETIC PRODUCTION disperse dye low emission, PRODUCTS PAINT AND PRODUCTS FOR PLASTER SYNTHETIC DISPERSION, WHICH characterized by good stability to viscosity and HIGH POWER LINK IN FRONT OF PIGMENTS.


The invention discloses a user customizing method and a user customizing system. The user customizing system comprises customizing environment and a customizing execution module, wherein the customizing environment comprises a visualization interface, a demand model module, a command analyzing module and a communication module; the visualization interface is used for providing a visualization editing interface of terminal software and receiving the customizing demands of users on the configuration of the terminal software; the demand model module is used for generating the attribute information of terminal software control corresponding to the customizing demands; the command analyzing module is used for generating script data corresponding to the attribute information; and the communication module is used for sending the script data to the customizing execution module; and the customizing execution module is used for receiving the script data, resolving the script data to acquire call instructions of the terminal software and performing the customizing operation on the terminal software according to the call instructions of the terminal software. By utilizing the scheme of the invention, the user customizing method and the user customizing system can meet personalized demands of different users and relieve the research and development pressure of manufacturers.


Background: MicroRNAs are small RNA species that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are aberrantly expressed in many cancers including hematological malignancies. Some reports suggested that aberrations in the miR-22-TET2 regulatory network are common in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and leukemia, and its aberrant expression correlates with poor survival. We attempted to identify the clinical role of miR-22 and TET-2 in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 41 MDS patients who treated with hypomethylating agents were recruited. Real time RT-PCR was performed to assess the expression levels of miR-22 and TET-2 mutation in bone marrow samples at the time of diagnosis. And we investigated the relationship between its results and clinical outcomes.
 Results: TET2 mutation frequency in the higher risk group based the IPSS and IPSS-R was lower than that of lower risk group (11.1% vs 38.1%). miR22 expression was also down-regulated in higher risk group (higher risk: 1.70 ± 0.96 vs lower risk: 3.14 ± 1.38, p=0.006). TET2 mutation seemed to be different according to the responsiveness to hypomethylating agents. TET2 mutation, IPSS, and IPSS-R were significantly associated with the risk of leukemic transformation. Patients with an decreased value in the consecutive assessment of miR-22 at the time of diagnosis and 3 months after initial treatment tended to be associated with poor survival outcome (survival rate at 3 years: 18.2% vs 35.1% for patients with an increase, p=0.168). Prognostic factors for survival included TET-2 mutation, cytogenetics, IPSS or IPSS-R, and leukemic transformation.
 Conclusion: miR-22 expression and TET2 mutation had a clinical impact on outcomes in MDS patients treated with hypomethylating agents. And these biomarkers might have a potential as a prognostic factor for MDS patients.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Diagnostic health monitoring without prior knowledge is still a hard problem in the Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) field. A traditional approach is to construct one-dimensional Synthesized Health Index (SHI) and set the thresholds of different system health stages referred to empirical values. However, there is still a difficult problem to be solved on choosing appropriate SHI and thresholds for a complicated system, which are the key factors seriously influencing the result of diagnostic health monitoring. Compared with this approach, a new method of deep forest is proposed to achieve multivariate classification for diagnostic health monitoring. Firstly, an unsupervised feature selection method based on spearman's correlation is improved to remove redundant features automatically. Then, the k-means algorithm is introduced to acquire stage knowledge of degradation process, therefore achieving supervised learning. Finally, deep forest method is adopted to train the data samples to obtain the classification model of system health for online diagnostic health monitoring. The verification results on NASA data sets demonstrate that the proposed diagnostic health monitoring scheme is effective and feasible.


Background Severe labial agglutination can be refractory to outpatient management and can lead to voiding dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Labial agglutination is often a sequela of long-standing inflammatory processes, which include untreated lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, and atrophic vaginitis. Case An 82-year-old parous woman presented with severe labial agglutination and complete obstruction of her vaginal introitus, causing obstructive voiding symptoms. She underwent a surgical procedure to release the fused labia. Pathologic evaluation of a vulvar biopsy revealed nephrogenic adenoma, which is an uncommon benign lesion usually presenting in the urinary tract. Conclusions Refractory, severe labial agglutination in postmenopausal women can lead to significant voiding dysfunction, and the underlying chronic inflammation may result in pathologic changes such as nephrogenic adenoma. Pathologic tissue diagnosis is important to plan appropriate surveillance for patients with this chronic condition.


We present a new multi-domain model for polarization switching in ferroelectric materials. The computationally efficient model captures the time evolution of multi-domain ferroelectrics with good accuracy along with the frequency dependent switching behavior. We have fabricated (PVDF) and measured P-E characteristics of PZT and PVDF capacitors and have validated the model with measurements. The model allows the visualization of time dependent domain switching allowing further physical insights. We have also proposed a method to extract the distribution of domain orientations experimentally.


Despite known mental health (MH) disparities faced by Latino children relative to children from other minority groups of similar socioeconomic status (SES), little is known about how Latina mothers make MH decisions for their children. The present study examined links between Latina mothers' mental health literacy (MHL), including the recognition of and response to child psychiatric symptoms, and maternal acculturation factors as well as interpersonal violence (IPV) related symptomatology. Participants were 80 Latina mothers from Denver, Colorado and Modesto, California with at least one child between the ages of 8-12 years. Mothers were presented vignettes depicting child internalizing and externalizing disorders as well as interviewed about their help seeking behaviors. Maternal acculturation was not related to identification of disorders, but was related to more symptoms recognized for child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Acculturation predicted use of formal source of care for child internalizing and externalizing disorder. Women demonstrated a preference for informal source of care, with the exception of IPV-related child symptoms, where women demonstrated a preference for formal source of care. IPV-related symptoms did not moderate the relationship between acculturation and MHL. The relationship between maternal


In 1854 Paul Hamilton Hayne was in Boston seeing his first collection of poems through the press at Ticknor and Fields. From time to time he met with some of the leading writers of "the Hub," and on one occasion at the Albion Coffee House, Hayne was present when the merits of Edgar Allan Poe's work were discussed. When asked for his opinion, the twenty-four-year-old poet responded, as he recalled in 1874: Courteously but with all the earnestness and vim at my command, I defended Poe's claim to the position he seemed to me to have fairly attained--the position of the most original genius in all American literature. At this the very air appeared to grow thick with a demurrer of argument, expostulation, sarcasm, and invective.... And in sober earnest, reader, I was right! Go this day to Great Britain, to France, to Germany, to Italy, travel over continental Europe generally and you will find that the American author with whose name and works foreigners are most familiar, is the author of "The Raven" and "Eureka." (1) Such a view, of course, may have been partially induced by patriotism on Hayne's part--a natural reaction to attacks on a fellow Southerner by New Englanders--though Hayne's subsequent criticism of Poe is as much concerned with aesthetics as with politics. Two years earlier, however, in the Southern Literary Gazette Hayne had championed Poe against a British critic's attack on Poe's poetry. In a series of four articles in October, 1852, Hayne criticized the anonymous author of an essay on American poetry in the North Bristish Review for a narrow and parochial view of the subject. He was particularly concerned on October 16 about the critic's failure to give "The Raven" its due: It is, at present, our intention merely to confound so palpable a calumny as that which would insinuate that "The Raven" {the only poem of Poe's the critic thinks worthy of attention} `equals first class English poetry in its own way.' The truth is, that the weird, but powerful production is (with two or three exceptions only) the most purely original poem in the English language.... In pure invention, lofty imagination, and `novelty' of construction, "The Raven" is without a rival; and if an English poem (or any other poem) can be pointed out which it `equals merely in its own way,' then we are as ignorant of poetical records as the critic in the North British Review is of the primary duties and amenities of his profession. (II, 176) Later, however, Hayne focused more particularly on Poe and his work, and during his editorship of Russell's Magazine (1857-1860), he reviewed in April, 1857, the fourth volume of Rufus W. Griswold's edition of Poe's Works (1856), a collection containing Arthur Gordon Pym and other fiction (I, 48-54). Pyro he considers "an eminently characteristic production," and continues: "Since the days when we were accustomed to devour the engrossing history of Robinson Crusoe, religiously believing in the truth of every word we read, it has not been our fortune to meet with so enticing a story as that detailed by Mr. Pym." He also praises Poe's principles of verse and comments on both "prose and verse": Fragmentary as most of his compositions are ... the slightest of them displays a finished elaboration, a sustained unity, a perfection almost of style and treatment, often united to an ingenious audacity of speculation, and a purity and force of imaginative insight, which cause them to stand alone as works of art. (I, 48) As to the impact of the edition itself on Poe's standing, Hayne concludes that Poe's "reputation is great, and is likely to be lasting and accumulative" and that the "extraordinary genius manifested in his productions" proves his "claims to immortality" to be "at least equal to the claims of any other American writer whatsoever." Hayne continued to comment on Poe from time to time in Russell's. …


Muscular control of movement neurological control of movement neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training metabolism and basic energy systems hormonal regulation of exercise metabolic adaptations to training cardiovascular control during exercise respiratory regulation during exercise cardiorespiratory adaptations to training thermoregulation and exercise exercise in hypobaric, hyperbaric, and microgravity environments quantifying sports training ergogenic aids and performance nutrition and nutritional ergogenics growth, development, and the young athlete ageing and the older athlete sex differences and the female athlete prescription of exercise for health and fitness cardiovascular disease and physical activity obesity, diabetes, and physical activity.


Soil bacteria function in the three-dimensional space in heterogeneous soil complex and their activities depend in part on encountering substrates at the microbial scale. The bacterial density per gram of soil, which is generally measured, does not indicate if bacteria are all in the same location or spread throughout the soil complex. We characterized spatial distribution for how dispersed or aggregated nitrifiers (NH + 4 and NO - 2 oxidizers) were at a submillimeter scale. The spatial approach was based on the relationship, obtained experimentally, between the percentage of microsamples (50-500 μm diam.) harboring nitrifiers and the volume of the microsamples. The smallest sample size (50-μm diam.) was considered as an approximation of microhabitat. The simulated spatial pattern of NO - 2 oxidizer microhabitats in soil were compared with experimental data. The simulated pattern of NO - 2 oxidizer distribution suggested that microhabitats averaged seven NO - 2 oxidizers and occurred in preferentially colonized patches that had about a 250-μm diam. These were randomly distributed and occupied 5.5% of the soil volume. They were functionally connected through microporosity and hence diffusion processes probably controlled the spatial distribution of nirifiers. The nitrifier spatial pattern enabled efficient nitrification because NH + 4 and NO - 2 oxidizers were near one another. The results showed the potential of our method to study spatial distribution of bacteria at the microhabitat scale.


A principal factor analysis of 36 neuropsychological test variables yielded eight readily definable factors. These factors represent the kinds of general functions evaluated in the assessment of organic brain damage. The functional categorical scheme produced by the factor analysis was compared with other empirical and theoretical schemes. Shortcomings of the traditional neuropsychological battery were discussed in terms of the factors.


The design of the Schwarzschild objective considering an alignment error is discussed and its fabrication for a soft x-ray microscope is described. It is shown that performance degradation of a Schwarzschild objective by an alignment error can be reduced in a heterocentric system, in which the center of a curvature of a concave mirror is not coincident with that of a convex mirror. Objectives with a magnification of 100 and 224 have been fabricated. To complete an indispensable and difficult alignment within the objective itself, the two mirrors are mounted together in the same frame. The alignment errors of the mirrors are detected and their positions are corrected in a newly developed alignment system, which allows the alignment to achieve the tolerance of 0.3 micrometers . The fabrication of Mo/Si multilayers used for the mirrors are also described briefly. A reflectometer using a laser produced plasma source has been developed to measure reflectances of multilayers. The Mo/Si multilayer deposited by magnetron sputtering shows a reflectance over 40% at a wavelength of roughly 135 angstroms.


A bachelor work ?Homeless mothers with children in difficult situation as Charity Zlin users? monitors women?s dilemma. Those women faced crisis life situation and with their children they searched for a help at a sanctuary house. Attention is focused on social services, social support and organizations providing professional assistance to the sanctu-ary house users. A practical part submits casuistry of six users of the introduced sanctuary house and analyzes and interprets obtained data from semi-structured interviews. The aim of this bachelor work is to point out an importance of an existence of this social service while some women experience a difficult life period. The bachelor work can become a source of information and guidance to new users in order to become more famil-iar with this topic.


Reversible control of magnetization and Curie temperature (TC) by electrostatic modulation of the surface charge carrier density is presented for the strongly correlated La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 (LSMO) system. The nanoparticulate LSMO was synthesized by spray pyrolysis. A controlled post annealing was carried out to obtain a sharp magnetic transition slightly above room temperature along with favorable surface-to-volume ratios. Resulting nanoporous LSMO was electrostatically charged using a non-aqueous electrolyte with applied voltage limited within the purely capacitive window. The electrostatic charging effect on magnetization was investigated around TC for varying temperatures and applied magnetic fields. The resultant magnetization modulation upon charging is discussed in terms of the reversible electrostatic hole doping.


Employee Value Proposition (EVP) has caught the imagination of HR professionals across the globe as a determinant of organizational effectiveness. In simple terms, EVP can be defined as sum of all the tangible and intangible rewards/benefits that employees receive for their contribution to the companies where they work. Employees are more likely to contribute to organizational success by using their discretionary efforts if they perceive that their employers are willing to offer greater value in the bargain. EVP has been closely linked with the overarching HR agenda of attracting, retaining and engaging the highly talented employees who have the competencies to realize the organizational vision and mission. This paper provides a holistic framework for applying EVP to harness human capital in contemporary organizations to gain or retain competitive advantages. The authors have relied on the secondary literature to make sense of EVP in the context of current trends and practices revolving around talent management aimed at profitability and viability of the organizations in the long term.


PaleoanthropologyFirst came Lucy. Then came Lucy's baby, an infant of her species. Now comes Lucy's "big brother": the partial skeleton of a large male of Australopithecus afarensis , unveiled this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . The roughly 40% complete skeleton has been nicknamed Kadanuumuu, which means "big man" in the Afar language of the Afar Depression of Ethiopia, where it was found.


Analysis of the current use of rural electricity meters, and according to the situation of economic development in rural areas of China, to the greatest extent to reduce costs as the goal, intelligent remote meter reading system is presented which is applicable to China's rural areas. The system is composed of electric energy meter, collector, concentrator, the remote control center. Between collectors and concentrators use low voltage power line carrier communication, concentrator through the GSM network and remote control centre for internet. The collector and concentrator use AT89C52 as control chip, which reduces the system cost. Index Terms - Intelligent meter reading system, Low-voltage power line carrier, GSM, AT89C52


We report on the flow dynamics of a wormlike micellar system (CPCl/NaSal/brine) undergoing a shear-banding transition using a combination of global rheology, 1D ultrasonic velocimetry and 2D optical visualisation. The different measurements being performed in a single Taylor–Couette geometry, we find a strong correlation between the induced turbid band observed optically and the high shear rate band. This correspondence reveals that fluctuations observed in the 1D velocity profiles are related to elastic instabilities triggered in the high shear rate band: 3D coherent (laminar) flow and 3D turbulent flow successively develop as the applied shear rate is increased. The specific characteristics of the resulting complex dynamics are found to depend on subtle changes in the sample, due to temporary light exposure. The CPCl molecules exhibit a photochemistry mainly influenced by the photo-induced cleavage of the pyridine ring that yields an unstable aldehyde enamine, which further decays by thermally activated processes. The products of the reaction possibly build up a lubrication layer responsible for pathological flow dynamics. Overall, our results bridge the gap between previous independent optical and local velocity measurements and explain most of the observed fluctuations in terms of a sequence of elastic instabilities which turns out to be widespread among semidilute wormlike micellar systems.


Duncan Forbes attempts to supply a multiplicity of contexts for Hume's philosophy and political thought, rooting that thought more completely in its own time than earlier interpretations of Hume have done. With regard to the political essays and History, Forbes is generally successful in exploring connections with contemporary events that have been overlooked or slighted by previous scholars. For example, Hume's first batch of political essays appeared in 1741-1742, in the wake of