In his opening remarks as host of the 1998 Grammy Award Show, sitcom actor, substance abuser and convicted drunk driver Kelsey Grammer promised that Marilyn Manson's 'skinny white ass' would not be appearing on the show. It was a truly extraordinary moment. Referring explicitly to his own teenage daughter, Spencer, Grammer couched this slur in the form of an inside joke for the baby boomer parents of children with seemingly inexplicable musical tastes. In so doing, he affirmed not only the intractable conservatism of the Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences but also the arrogant hegemony of his own generation within mainstream musical culture. The show proceeded to reward Bob Dylan with Album of the Year, James Taylor with Best Pop Album and Elton John with Best Male Pop Vocal Performance, while lavishing unbridled approbation upon the newest crop of corporate hit-makers, including Babyface, LeAnn Rimes, Hanson and the ubiquitous Spice Girls. Mitch Miller could not have orchestrated a more thoroughgoing tribute to the pop music status quo in America. It has been twenty years since the French economist Jacques Attali wrote Noise, his seminal study of the political economy of music, but it remains one of my favourite texts. Attali was interested in the relationship of music to power. His radical approach was centred on two critical observations – firstly, that 'listening to music is listening to all noise, realizing that its appropriation and control is a reflection of power, that it is essentially political'; and secondly, that 'music is prophecy . . . It makes audible the new world that will gradually become visible.' From these premises he articulated his influential – and prescient – thesis on the uniquely subversive potential of the musician:


Henry Odera Oruka (19441995) was one of the most prolific philosophical thinkers in Africa in the twentieth century. His work opened up new ways for modern philosophizing in Africa, beyond the question of what African philosophy should or should not be. Well known is his Sage Philosophy project. Unfortunately, less known is Odera Orukas work on Ethics. This paper highlights Odera Orukas ethical approach, especially his term of global justice. Furthermore, it opens the discussion on global justice for an intercultural approach by showing that the current debate lacks a fundamental substantiation of the relation between economic and political rights.


The Master thesis is about the external logistic flow in the company MAKRO Cash&Carry CR s.r.o. The aim of this thesis is the external logistic flow optimalization. The project consists of the proposal for the logistic process improvement in the company.


At first, the personification of willow connects with the ideal of the literature. The practical experience of planting willow in embankment to resisting flood deepens people's plants worship to willow in folk. Even more, there become many folks that the willow spirit(the plant spirits) fights with water spirit(the animal spirits) in order to protect people. Planting willow not only beautifies surroundings, but has its practical purpose as well. Willow tales ,to a great extent, enriches the mystery worship in willow culture, and puts much fresh energy into willow culture.But the Sutra culture plays an important role in the curse of the change of willow worship.


The support for safe network updates, i.e., live modification of device behavior without service disruption, is a critical primitive for current and future networks. Several techniques have been proposed by previous works to implement such a primitive. Unfortunately, existing techniques are not generally applicable to any network architecture, and typically require high overhead (e.g., additional memory) to guarantee strong consistency (i.e., traversal of either initial or final paths, but never a mix of them) during the update. In this paper, we deeply study the problem of computing operational sequences to safely and quickly update arbitrary networks. We characterize cases, for which this computation is easy, and revisit previous algorithmic contributions in the new light of our theoretical findings. We also propose and thoroughly evaluate a generic sequence-computation approach, based on two new algorithms that we combine to overcome limitations of prior proposals. Our approach always finds an operational sequence that provably guarantees strong consistency throughout the update, with very limited overhead. Moreover, it can be applied to update networks running any combination of centralized and distributed control-planes, including different families of IGPs, OpenFlow or other SDN protocols, and hybrid SDN networks. Our approach therefore supports a large set of use cases, ranging from traffic engineering in IGP-only or SDN-only networks to incremental SDN roll-out and advanced requirements (e.g., per-flow path selection or dynamic network function virtualization) in partial SDN deployments.


This article makes the analysis and investigation on the influence factors of development of sports science and technology,such as politics,economy,science and technology,education.


Purpose. The purpose of this work is the theoretical determination of current spreading ways in the internal volume of the ore-thermal furnace bath. Using the obtained results, it is possible to determine where and in what electrical energy amount is allocated in the working space. It will allow to calculate the bath temperature field. Methodology. In the course of research work the theory of electrical circuits was used to describe electrical processes and the method of cylindrical coordinates to represent the working space of a bath as a set of mono-volume components. Findings. The proposed chain of steps to determine the current spreading ways and the calculation formulas to find out the electrical energy input amount to each allocated elemental component of the ore-thermal furnace volume are used. The mathematical formulae to construct the current trajectory flow are proposed. Originality. For the first time, it was assumed that the trajectory of current flow in the furnace working space has the shape of an arc. It passes between two electrodes and exists both in the horizontal and in the vertical flats of the bath due to the electrical conductivity of the charge materials. The latter, in turn, varies depending on the temperature value. This fact is taken into account when calculating the amount of energy input because of electric current. Practical value. Subsequently, the implementation of the proposed method for determination the paths of current spreading on a mathematical or physical model allows to obtain data on the amount of electrical energy input at any point in the furnace. Since the process of energy input is one of the first steps in the process of obtaining ferroalloys, the proposed above will allow to calculate various parameters as for one elemental volume (point) and as for the whole furnace bath volume.


About 200 nominal species of the genus Asphondylia have been recognized in the world (HARRIS, 1975). They are morphologically quite similar, and species identifications are therefore based almost entirely on host data (HARRIS, 1975). In Japan only 4 species of the genus have been named, and some others have been left unnamed to avoid further confusion in nomenclature because their life history and host range have not been extensively investigated. This paper is intended to present information concerning their life history and host range for better understanding of taxonomic and ecological relationships among them. The information was mainly obtained by occasional field investigations and by rearing or dissecting midge galls collected from various parts of Japan between 1968 and 1979. The life history and host range of some univoltine species have been relatively well clarified (YUKAWA and MIYAMOTO, 1979), but those of multivoltine species, including such a serious pest as the soybean pod gall midge, have been only partly known, particularly the host plants of the overwintering generation have not been discovered. In order to clarify the biology of the multivoltine species and to establish their species identifications, it is emphasized that not only the high degree of host specificity being assumed to operate in most gall-making Cecidomyiidae but also the possibility that a gall midge has an unusually wide host range as has been noted in the carob midge complex (ORPHANIDES, 1975) should be taken into consideration.


This paper presents results of experiments in an open magnetic circuit by designing a magnetic flux measurement setup which consists of self-adhesive coils without frames: the leakage magnetic flux which exists between the coil and the permanent magnet is the main source of errors. It's shown that the coil should have the greater width, the thinner thickness, smaller diameter and the coils should be close to the permanent magnet to minimize the errors. Meanwhile, it's shown that the velocity of sample passing through the coil doesn't affect the results.


The purpose of this work is to study the problems of legal regulation of administrative delivery and detention in Russian administrative law and the study of possible ways to solve them. This problem is due to the fact that the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. The delivery time is not specified as a measure to secure proceedings on cases of administrative offenses, which is a flaw in administrative legislation and may violate the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen. And the law does not establish the duration of a person's time in office space and his waiting for the start of legal proceedings which is a serious legislative gap. The novelty of this work lies in the formulation by Autor's of modern and effective proposals for the revision of individual issues related to measures of administrative proceedings and the reality of solving these problems. The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation must be modified accordingly in order to clearly regulate or establish specific time limits for the delivery in police office and the time to wait for the commencement of proceedings. In this paper, the above problems and progressive solutions are discussed in detail.


Introduction English has been recognized as being an important language for international communications. In the past decades, many non-English speaking countries have developed and utilized various computer systems to support English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Moreover, most of these countries intend to have their children learn English as early as possible; for example, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan has extended regular English instruction to the third grade of elementary school and is planning to initiate an English learning program for first graders within ten years. Foreign language learning can be considered from the four aspects of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Among these aspects, listening is an important capability of social interactions, and it has been found that people receive new messages more efficiently via listening than reading (Luo, 2008). The Ministry of Education in Taiwan even guides elementary schools to put emphasis on English listening first, followed by reading or writing. In the meantime, most forms of English certification include listening proficiency tests, implying the importance of fostering English listening competences. With the advance of mobile technologies and multimedia, instructional materials for English listening training have been developed in a variety of forms. For example, MP3 players have become a new mobile device for learning via listening; moreover, several web2.0 media, such as YouTube, have become popular channels that provide audio and video materials for language learning (Godwin-Jones, 2007). In the meantime, the popularity of various mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and e-books) and wireless networks (e.g., Wi-Fi and Wi-Max) have enabled individual students to use those emerging learning materials or channels anywhere and at any time (Hwang, Shi, & Chu, 2011; Hwang, Wu, Tseng, & Huang, 2011; Wu et al., 2011). Therefore, it can be foreseen that students will eventually be equipped with a mobile device installed with proper learning tools, systems or materials so that they can make their own learning progress, and even learn with content of appropriate difficulty to match their level of proficiency (Hung et al., 2012; Hwang & Chang, 2011; Hwang, Chu, Lin, & Tsai, 2011; Norris, Hossain, & Soloway, 2011). In recent years, several studies concerning the use of mobile technology in language learning have revealed the benefits of this approach, such as the provision of opportunities for individual practice and a seamless learning environment (Ogata, Matsuka, El-Bishouty, & Yano, 2009; Ogata & Yano, 2004; Ozcelik & Acarturk, 2011; Wong, Chin, Tan, & Liu, 2010). On the other hand, previous studies have reported that videos embedded with captions are helpful for students in learning second language reading (Chun & Plass, 1997) and listening (Danan, 1992). Hsu and Chang (2010) have further indicated that hiding the easier vocabulary and showing only the relatively difficult words in the captions may contribute to undergraduates' listening comprehension. Consequently, this study developed different display modes of captions on mobile devices for improving English listening competence and promoting the vocabulary acquisition of students. The study aims at exploring whether different display modes of captions and subtitles result in different degrees of effectiveness in the listening comprehension and vocabulary acquisition of elementary school students. Moreover, the learning performance of students with different learner preferences is also compared. Furthermore, the students' perceived satisfaction with the approach, and their perceptions of the usefulness and ease-of-use of the mobile learning activity are reported as well. Literature review Video captions and English listening comprehension Using videos or films as a learning resource has received a great deal of attention from researchers and has been successfully applied to various educational applications (Yang, Huang, Tsai, Chung, & Wu, 2009). …


Using a small sample of monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twins, estimates of the heritability of certain parameters of sexual development were obtained. In the majority of instances significant values of h2 were found, suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in psychosexual development. The significance of these results is discussed in the light of current pro-environmental attitudes.


The recent technological advancements and rising power demand at the distribution level have motivated the wider utilization of distributed energy resources (DER) in the distribution system. However, the use of DERs in the microgrid has led to several protection challenges due to dynamic operational behavior of DERs and associated power electronic interfaces. In this context, a protection algorithm based on the joint framework of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for PV integrated microgrid with non-linear loading has been developed in this paper. ANFIS combines the adaptive ability of ANN and qualitative approach of fuzzy logic thus forming a hybrid model with improved accuracy. The proposed approach includes the derivation of discriminatory attributes (the standard deviation (SD) of the approximate co-efficient) from voltage-current signals through discrete wavelet transform (DWT), which is further fed as input to the train the ANFIS model separately for the islanded and grid-connected mode. The test result analysis and performance comparison of the proposed scheme with ANN clearly validate the reliability and effectiveness of the scheme in imparting possible protection to the microgrid.


Standard interpretations of O'Casey's early successes The Shadow of a Gunman (1923), Juno and the Paycock (1924) and The Plough and the Stars (1926) emphasize the remarkable combination of realism and humor, the tragicomic quality, which he achieved in these works; the prevailing attitude is also that these plays are somewhat fumbling efforts, made memorable, however, by extraordinary language and characterization. Then, with The Silver Tassie (1928), say the critics, O'Casey changed his manner and thus began to utilize the symbolism so characteristic of his later plays. So much for the easy, handbook classification of a very great dramatist. But any serious student of the theatre, when confronted with these early plays, whether on the printed page or in actual performance, is genuinely impressed with their power, and, upon closer analysis, their subtlety and sophistication. What we propose to do, in this brief study of Juno and the Paycock, taking our cue from the title itself, is to relate the play to its larger context, to some of the more significant traditions of Western drama, specifically to the Roman stage and the comedies of Plautus and, more remotely, of Terence. Some generalizations may be set forth first, however. Plautus and O' Casey, for example, were both writing for audiences familiar with war: among the spectators in Plautus' audience were certainly veterans of the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.), while the Irish for whom O'Casey was making his observations had been literally living through rebellion (against the British) and civil war; hence, the subject of war, long borne, could become, and was, both ludicrous and searing. It is possible, though perhaps a bit far-fetched, to see a neat parallel here : as the Dubliners of O'Casey's day were to the British, so Plautus' Romans were to the Greeks.


The popular music landscape of Romania today is dominated by the manea. It appeared in the late 1960s as a form of symbolic opposition by the Romani communities from the slums of the big cities on the Danube to their exclusion from Romanian society. In time manea became an expression of implicit protest by ordinary people from any ethnic background. In the 1970s and 1980s, it gradually penetrated into cities and villages. After 1990, the manea spread throughout the entire country and is now the favourite music of many teenagers, young people, and the nouveaux riches of the transition period, comprising together about one third of the population. The power of the manea arises from the dominant role it plays in public and private events, such as weddings, baptisms, funerals, anniversaries, and all kinds of parties organized in restaurants and clubs, as well as from the high visibility it receives on private TV channels, the Internet, commercial CDs and DVDs, concerts, and shows.


Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) is a member of tyrosinase enzyme family which is metal-containing glycoproteins localized in melanosomes where the melanin biosynthesis occurs. The downregulation of tyrosinase is the most protruding approach for the development of skin whitening and depigmentation agents, however, TYRP1 downregulation is considered a novel target for melanogenesis inhibition and is still under clinical investigations for treatment of malignant melanoma. In the present study, virtual screening using glide extra-precision docking of an in-house generated data base of 400 natural compounds belonging to family Apiaceae for TYRP1 inhibitors was performed for the first time. luteolin-7-apiosylglucoside from celery followed by 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzoic acid then caffeoylquininc acid from anise showed highly potent melanogenesis inhibition even more than the synthetic standard inhibitors such as azelaic and kojic acids. These natural inhibitors exhibited good predicted skin permeability after processing with Qikprop module. Although they had slow predicted transdermal penetration rates, but these rates can be enhanced through optimizing their topical pharmaceutical formulations.


Abstract The paper analyzes the operations of the multinational conglomerates so as to determine the impact of their operations on the Nigerian economy, and especially on the manufacturing sector. It also investigated the possible problems hindering their operations. In an attempt to accomplish these objectives, we employed both survey and investigative research methods using regression modeling and estimation. The analysis of the secondary evidence indicates that, generally, the investment activities of conglomerates are found to positively and significantly relate to the output performance of the manufacturing sector of the Nigerian economy. The primary data analysis confirms this finding. On the other hand, they are seen to exploit natural resources and the workforce to the detriment of the country, and by repatriating all available funds and profits to overseas economies, the economy is starved of needed funds. However, their positive contributions to the Nigerian economy were seen to outweigh their negative contributions. This is particularly true of the manufacturing sector. Two perennial problems confronting the conglomerates in their investment activities relate to environmental hostilities and communal disturbances/social upheavals. Other problems relate to political risks, instability and impasse, and unstable economic climate.


We introduce the Ontology of Craniofacial Development and Malformation (OCDM) as a mechanism for representing knowledge about craniofacial development and malformation, and for using that knowledge to facilitate integrating craniofacial data obtained via multiple techniques from multiple labs and at multiple levels of granularity. The OCDM is a project of the NIDCR‐sponsored FaceBase Consortium, whose goal is to promote and enable research into the genetic and epigenetic causes of specific craniofacial abnormalities through the provision of publicly accessible, integrated craniofacial data. However, the OCDM should be usable for integrating any web‐accessible craniofacial data, not just those data available through FaceBase. The OCDM is based on the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), our comprehensive ontology of canonical human adult anatomy, and includes modules to represent adult and developmental craniofacial anatomy in both human and mouse, mappings between homologous structures in human and mouse, and associated malformations. We describe these modules, as well as prototype uses of the OCDM for integrating craniofacial data. By using the terms from the OCDM to annotate data, and by combining queries over the ontology with those over annotated data, it becomes possible to create " intelligent " queries that can, for example, find gene expression data obtained from MDes is a Ph.D. student in the UW Biomedical and Health Informatics program. Ms. Clarkson has a background in biology, information design, and scientific illustration. Her dissertation work focuses on the visualization of biomedical knowledge networks such as the OCDM. research interests lie in using animal models to understand genetic and epigenetic contributions to craniofacial development and dysmorphism. For over 20 years Dr. Cunningham's career has focused on the care of children with craniofacial conditions as well as basic and translational research to identify causes and treatments. Landon T. Detwiler, M.S. is a Research Scientist in the UW Department of Biological Structure. Mr. Detwiler is a computer scientist and software developer. He is the primary technical maintainer and developer of the FMA, OCDM, and Query Integrator tool. He is the primary author and curator for the Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology (FMA) and the Ontology of Craniofacial Development and Malformation (OCDM), as well as a contributor to many other ontologies and ontology best practices. mouse structures that are precursors to homologous human structures involved in malformations such as cleft lip. We suggest that the OCDM can be useful not only for integrating craniofacial data, but also for expressing …


: In this work, the mechanical tensile and elongation properties and the non-woven polypropylene flammability were evaluated, with variations of gratings, compared to non-woven fabrics prepared with thermo film and TNT (fabric non-fabric), for applications such as geotextile sorption of oil spills. The results showed high values of tensile strength for non-woven fabric prepared for application as geotextile, improving the mechanical properties of rupture.


The increase of the use of renewable energy sources and distributed generation (DG) of electricity is of main importance in the way towards a sustainable development. The aggregation of DG plants gives place to a new concept: the virtual power producer (VPP). VPPs can reinforce the importance of these generation technologies making them valuable in electricity markets. This paper presents a simulation tool developed to support VPPs in analyzing the effects of their strategies of operation and management methods


This study aims to investigate more deeply the impact of skills and abilities on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kota Pariaman. The population of this research is 4,281 Small and Medium Enterprises located in Pariaman City where the number of samples is 98 SMEs. The technique used in collecting data for this research is to use Field Research, then the technical data analysis used is factor analysis. Hypothesis testing is carried out using Statistical Program Social Scence (SPSS) 24.0 for Windows by using factor analysis, among others instrument test, classical assumption test, Goodness of Fit test, multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that a) There is a positive influence of skills on the performance of small and medium enterprises of 13.2%. b) There is a positive effect of ability on the performance of small and medium enterprises of 30.8%. c) There is a positive influence of skills and abilities on the performance of small and medium enterprises of 34.1%.


A study has been made of the variation in hard (E greater than 10 keV) X-radiation, H-alpha and microwave emission during the impulsive phase of solar flares. Analysis shows that the rise-time in the 20-30-keV X-ray spike depends on the electron hardness. The impulsive phase is also marked by an abrupt, very intense increase in H-alpha emission in one or more knots of the flare. Properties of these H-alpha kernels include: (1) a luminosity several times greater than the surrounding flare, (2) an intensity rise starting about 20-30 sec before, peaking about 20-25 sec after, and lasting about twice as long as the hard spike, (3) a location lower in the chromosphere than the remaining flare, (4) essentially no expansion prior to the hard spike, and (5) a position within 6000 km of the boundary separating polarities, usually forming on both sides of the neutral line near both feet of the same tube of force. Correspondingly, impulsive microwave events are characterized by: (1) great similarity in burst structure with 20-32 keV X-rays but only above 5000 MHz, (2) typical low frequency burst cutoff between 1400-3800 MHz, and (3) maximum emission above 7500 MHz.


The importance of the altarpiece commissioned by Cardinal Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi for the high altar of the old basilica of St. Peter's has been underestimated by modern criticism, almost without exception.' Since the negative judgement of Rintelen,2 the double-sided triptych, now exhibited in the Pinacoteca Vaticana, has received comparatively little serious study.3 It has been dated across a span of over three decades, and the problem of the authorship of the painting has produced an astonishing diversity of opinion. Documentation of the panel is unusually precise. In the obit book of St. Peter's, the Martyrologia benefactorum Basilicae Vaticanae, appears the following entry: 'X. Kal. Julii. Obiit sancte memoriae dominus Jacobus Gaytani de Stephanescis, S. Georgii diaconus cardinalis et concanonicus noster, qui nostrae Basilicae multa bona contulit. Nam tregunam eius depingi fecit in quo opere Vm auri florenos expendit. Tabulam depictam de manu Iocti


Many family sociology textbooks in the West include a chapter or two describing the Chinese family. The reason is simple ? the 'traditional' or 'Confucian' norms of family life in Chinese society are usually seen as offering sharp contrasts with the patterns of family life in Western societies. Many such accounts place primary emphasis upon the overwhelming Chinese emphasis on obligations to the family and the use of the cult of filial piety to reinforce these obligations in the younger generation. In the words of one (non-textbook) account, 'family loyalty has been an overriding motive in Chinese life at every social level to an extent generally considered to have few if any parallels'.1 The result was a general propensity among even grown Chinese children to follow parental decisions, to reside in extended households with aging parents, and to show marked deference and respect toward their elders. The contrasts of these patterns with a Western socialization supportive of independence, a preference for nuclear families, and a lack of deference toward elders could hardly be sharper.2 The purpose of this paper is to explore what has happened to this vaunted emphasis on family obligations and filial piety in contemporary China, using survey data collected in the city of Baoding, Hebei province, in 1994.


So many additions have been made to the list of Tertiary
fossils of Tasmania during the last seven years that it is now
very desirable that a Reference List, complete to date, should
be placed at the disposal of all those who may wish to make
themselves acquainted with the Tertiary fossils of this island.
I have, with this object in view, prepared the following
Reference List, which I hope will be of some advantage to
the members of this Society, as well as to geologists
generally.
The list embraces about 382 species, of which the following
is an abstract. Includes explanation of abbreviations used in catalogue and plates.


In 1991 staff from a model family planning clinic and from the Population Council conducted operations research of a Senegalese Association for Family Welfare (ASBEF) model family planning clinic in Dakar Senegal to evaluate client provider relations. Nurses aides in the reception area always refused 1st-time clients who were not menstruating at the time of the visit despite instructions from ASBEF managers not to do this. Nurses aides tended not to explain why they turned away these women. They also never allowed young single and nulliparous women to see a midwife even though ASBEF managers informed them not to screen women by age marital status or previous reproductive decisions. The evaluators believed that community norms impinged on clinical practices. The nurses aided sometimes would tell the younger women about buying condoms or a spermicide however. No mechanism to organize and facilitate the flow of clients existed at the clinic e.g. it accepted clients at any time while the clinic was open. It did not have hours set aside for new clients or continuing users. There was no cut off point after which staff informed the women that the clinic was full. Staff tended to mix client records. In addition clients became angry with nurses aids. Thus the confusion and time constraints led the clients to feel that the midwives provided limited information about contraception and had already chosen the method for them. Yet observations showed that the midwives did a good job of providing information. The researchers recommended a hands-on management style of routine supervision and periodic procedural reviews to streamline the process and to induce change in the nurses aides attitude and treatment of clients. Other recommendations included regular staff meetings and development of communication guidelines in the reception area.


A newly developed Faraday‐type magnetometer is demonstrated through measurement of the nuclear magnetization of 3He monolayer films adsorbed on Grafoil at temperatures down to 1.1 mK and in magnetic fields of up to 7 T. The magnetic force is measured capacitively by monitoring the displacement of a wire‐suspended copper plate holding a stack of diffusion‐bonded copper foils interleaved with Grafoil. The strong background signal due to the Grafoil and copper is suppressed by a double gradient coil system that produces opposite field gradients in two regions equidistant from the field center. The upper region contains Grafoil and copper, and the lower region contains non‐exfoliated graphite sheets and copper. Preliminary results of magnetization measurements are reported for the first 3He monolaver in the paramagnetic phase below 10 mK.


Identifies the causes of poor motivation towards work and suggests motivating parameters for non-government college librarians in West Bengal. The study is carried out on the basis of a survey conducted among 200 non-government college librarians. Finds that many prevalent factors like status, salary, service conditions, recruitment and promotional policy and managerial relations, etc. are responsible for poor motivation. Suggests that authorities should have in place various motivating factors in order to have motivated non-government college librarians who can provide their best services.


Group work has many benefits for effective learning while also preparing graduates for future work. However, group work often elicits a mixed reception from participants. This paper explores the perceptions of final year university business students of their formal group work experiences. Information has been gathered through the collection of quantitative and qualitative data, and analysis reveals student experiences, both positive and negative. This paper also examines students' perceptions about the extent to which their experiences enabled them to achieve the university's graduate group work competencies. Finally, it reports students' own suggestions for improving the problems they encountered thus providing strategies for addressing their concerns. university, groupwork, perceptions, free-riding, education


The importance of human factors (ergonomics/ environment, task design, changing work patterns, organiza tional factors etc.) in the introduction and use of new informa tion technology is discussed, both from the general point of view of 'office work', and more specifically as it relates to library/information work. Considerations in the planning for, and introduction of, IT are outlined, and their significance for the role of the information scientist emphasized. (23 refer ences).


Dates press cake is a waste product a date syrup industry which is potensial to be used as animal feed. This research was aimed to study the effects of corn substitution with date press cake in commercial ration on the percentage of giblet and abdominal fat of broiler. The study was conducted at the Trial Farm of the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Djuanda, Bogor from 17 February to 16 March 2014. One hundred and five one of day old Cobb Slouw chicks were used in this research. The chickens were fed commercial Ration BR 0, BR 1 and the combination of corn and dates press cake. The design of research was used a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: 100% commercial ration (R0, as control), 97.5% commercial ration added 2,5% corn (R1), 97.5% commercial ration added 2,5% dates press cake (R2), 95% commercial ration added 5% corn (R3), 95% commercial ration added 5% dates press cake (R4), 92,5% commercial ration added 7,5% corn (R5) and 92,5% commercial ration added 7,5% dates press cake (R6). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed that treatments did not give any signicant effect on all of parameters ie: slaughter weight, percentage of giblet and percentage of abdominal fat. It was concluded that dates press cake could be used up to 7.5% in commercial ration of broiler


1. Component 2 Component 2 and the right view left view of symmetry, omitting the right view 2 components. 2. Component 3 Component 3 right view and left view of symmetry, omitting the right view 3 components.


B-cell epitope prediction is important for vaccine design, development of diagnostic reagents and for studies to elucidate the interactions between antigen and antibody on a molecular level. Here, we present a new epitope prediction method based on six different scoring functions and exploited LibSVM to predict the antigenic epitopes in protein surface. Using bound structures of the testing dataset, the method was able to predict antigenic epitopes with 50.6% sensitivity, 62.9% specificity, 19% precision and an AUC value of 0.616. While using unbounded structures of the testing dataset, the performance of the method was nearly the same. Compared with another epitope prediction method EPCES, the performance of the method is statistically similar. The results suggest that more effective features that discriminate epitopes from non-epitopes may further improve the performance of the prediction method. Also, the new algorithms for predicting the epitopes are desired and the construction of large with non-redundant datasets is strongly needed.


By Paul Greenhalgh, School of the Built Environment, University of Northumbria at Newcastle and Sylvia Hargreaves, Hargreaves Cronshaw, Urban Regeneration and Development Surveyors 1 October 1999 Introduction This report describes the policy framework through which urban regeneration is promoted and highlights the difficulties encountered in co-ordinating the current public funding initiatives to secure effective urban regeneration and maximise value for money.


We show how probabilities can be treated as truth values in suitable sheaf topoi. The scheme developed in this paper is very general and applies both in classical and quantum physics. On the quantum side, the results naturally tie in with the topos approach to quantum theory that has been developed in the last 14 years by the authors and others . Earlier results on the representation of arbitrary quantum states are complemented with a purely logical perspective.


Objective  Vitamin D deficiency has been associated in some studies with nonspecific musculoskeletal pain and, more specifically, with statin‐induced myalgia, which was ameliorated by high‐dose vitamin D supplements. Our objective was to explore the association between vitamin D status and statin‐induced myalgia and elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK).


The importance of social media for marketing professionals has grown immensely as consumers turn to it to connect with products, brands, and brand communities. Yet limited research investigates the uses of social media to teach core marketing concepts. This article analyzes coursework in foundational marketing classes, with a specific focus on the effectiveness of social media for teaching core marketing concepts. Through the use of multiple social media platforms, the courses sought to engage students in active learning and provide a medium for the students to apply marketing concepts and market real companies to a public audience. Survey data provide insights into the effectiveness of social media as a tool for teaching core course concepts.


In this paper, the UWB (Ultra Wide Band) band-pass filter (BPF) with compact-size using impedance mismatching in transmission line and SIR (Stepped Impedance Resonator) instead of open stubs is presented. The proposed BPF have 103 % of bandwidth and 11.2 GHz of center frequency, respectively. In additional, the operation frequencies of the suggested BPF are 4.8 GHz to 16 GHz. In this structure, the length of the transmission line is reduced to half compared with the original one by impedance mismatching technique with low frequency band (sub harmonics) and harmonic components. Also, the open stub can be used for SIR due to reduced size. Experimental results show that the insertion and return losses are 0.35 dB and 15.1 dB, respectively and the filter size is . The proposed BPF is in good agreement.


The women left in rural areas while their husbands have gone out for a job in city are a new group that rises along with population shift in recent years. Based on investigation among the women, this paper gives objective description of them in every aspect, such as the cause of staying home, their life style, condition of marriage, differentiation of the group, and their mental pressure.


Abstract : This report consisting of a user's guide (Part 1) and back-up data (Part 2), was developed to provide reliability program/task cost guidelines to DoD program reliability managers and monitors. The primary use of the guidelines is for assistance in tailoring task provisions of MIL-STD-785 and MIL-STD-1543 (USAF) as applied to space and missile systems. Displayed data includes program/ task cost statistics developed as a function of program/system phase and other significant characteristics. The study data base includes program/task cost statistics developed as a function of a program/system phase and other significant characteristics. The study data base includes program/task costs derived from 13 space/missile programs and results from a program/system characteristic cost impact survey. These data along with the associated analyses are summarized in Part 2 of the study.


Gastric ulcer is a disease that affects a large portion of the world population, with a prevalence of 2.4% in the Western population and annual incidence rates of 0.10% to 0.19%, with a high cure rate, but with a high recurrence rate. The aim of this research is to perform a literature review on the gastroprotective potential of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer. To this end, an integrative review study was carried out, which selected 26 scientific articles found in virtual platforms that approached the proposed theme. Based on the established criteria, the literature suggests that the essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer is a compound with several biological activities, including some already described in the literature, however, its gastroprotective potential is still lacking many evidences in the literature. The findings show that the EO of L. gracilis can delay and bring an improvement in the degree of involvement by the ulcerative disorder. However, new scientific approaches are necessary to better elucidate the effect of this oil, which can then become an additional therapeutic method for cases of gastric lesions.


The present invention is a form of payment, payment of electronic money via a mobile communication network that enables be made by the payment certificates of line with the payment is a mobile communication network to pay through the charged electronic money in the smart card and the system mounted on a mobile terminal to provide. The present invention for this purpose is provided a method for performing a payment using the electronic money charged in the smart card (Smart Card) to be mounted on a mobile communication terminal, if the payment request using the electronic money in the smart card, the mobile requesting a payment through a mobile communication network on the basis of the card information of the smart card from the terminal, and the payment settlement by authenticating the card information of the smart card according to the payment request from the mobile communication terminal in the payment authentication system processing, it receives receive payment completion information in step, the mobile communication terminal transmitting the payment completion information, the method and the smart card to perform the payment of the electronic money in the smart card is a payment according depending on performing subtracting the amount of electronic money, and wherein a complete mobile payment status Including the step of notification to the terminal is characterized in that is made. Mobile communication devices, smart cards, electronic money, payment


In this dissertation we analyse the dark matter substructure dynamics within a series of high-resolution cosmological galaxy clusters simulations generated with the N -body code MLAPM. Two new halo finding algorithms were designed to aid in this analysis. The first of these was the "MLAPM-halo-finder" (MHF), built upon the adaptive grid structure of MLAPM. The second was the "MLAPM-halo-tracker" (MHT), an extension of MHF which allowed the tracking of orbital characteristics of gravitationally bound objects through any given cosmological N -body-simulation. Using these codes we followed the time evolution of hundreds of satellite galaxies within the simulated clusters. These clusters were chosen to sample a variety of formation histories, ages, and triaxialities; despite their obvious differences, we find striking similarities within the associated substructure populations. Namely, the radial distribution of these substructure satellites follows a "universal" radial distribution irrespective of the host halo's environment and formation history. Further, this universal substructure profile is anti-biased with respect to the underlying dark matter profile. All satellite orbits follow nearly the same eccentricity distribution with a correlation between eccentricity and pericentre. The destruction rate of the substructure population is nearly independent of the mass, age, and triaxiality of the host halo. There are, however, subtle differences in the velocity anisotropy of the satellite distribution. We find that the local velocity bias at all radii is greater than unity for all halos and this increases as we move closer to the halo centre, where it varies from 1.1 to 1.4. For the global velocity bias we find a small but slightly positive bias, although when we restrict the global velocity bias calculation to satellites that have had at least one orbit, the bias is essentially removed. Following this general analysis we focused on three specific questions regarding the evolution of substructures within dark matter halos. Observations of the Virgo and Coma clusters have shown that their galaxies align


Composite materials are an integral part of electrical systems; however, the determination of their dielectric properties through calculation is sometimes problematic. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a way to determine the effective permittivity of a composite material by using a 3D electric field model while exploiting the distribution of electric energy and to verify the results by values obtained experimentally. Two types of samples were investigated: with the inclusion phase evenly distributed across the host phase in one plane and in two planes. The experiment was conducted by means of Tettex 2830/2831, a precise dielectric analyzer for solid and liquid dielectrics and Tettex 2914, a special temperature-controlled electrode system. The computation was performed by COMSOL Multiphysics professional software. The results obtained through a 3D model corresponded to the results of the experiment.


Display comprising a color panel, and chromatic aberration correction panel, a backlight, and a configured panel controller so as to generate a color panel and chromatic aberration correction panel drive values. Panel may be an LCD panel. Color panel drive values, by the driving state varying chromatic aberration correction panel, dynamically compensating for color change of the light transmitted by the chromatic aberration correction panel. The present invention is a color panel drive values for a dual panel display according to any embodiment of the method (and even chromatic aberration correction panel drive values optionally) generates or provides a drive value further look-up table, optionally the containing system for storing, method or controller, as well as a computer-readable medium stores code for implementing any embodiment of the method.


expense of her sister states. Further, one also witnesses in both instances the growth of a literature of real-politik which justifies and provides a methodology for the attainment of centralizing policies: the Arthasastra genre in India and the work of the Legalist school in China. It is the endeavour of this piece to determine whether this congruity of historical patterns derives from shared attitudes towards political power or whether they are in the main fortuitous. In order to pierce the veil constituted by seeming political affinities, it is necessary to seek an answer to this question through an analysis of the theoretical litera-


Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is the greatest challenge in critical care medicine today. This article,based on the pathogenesis,pathological process and therapeutic principle on SIRS,discusses the functions of system theory in the study of SIRS from system theory perspective.


The K-conversion coefficients of the 192 keV isomeric transition in In114 and the 556 and 722 keV transitions in Cd114 have been measured for the first time by means of a high resolution double focusing β-ray spectrometer, using the internal-external conversion method. The results obtained are: αk (192 keV-In114) = 2.3653 ± 0.3075, in excellent agreement with the theoretical value 2.4638 for pure E4 transition calculated by SLIV and BAND, and αK (556 keV-Cd114) = 0.00419 ± 0.00046, αK (722 keV - Cd114) = 0.00207 ± 0.00025, both results in excellent agreement with the theoretical values for pure electric quadrupole radiation 0.00432 and 0.00218 respectively computed by SLIV and BAND. These data confirm the essentially pure E4 character of the 5 + → 1 +, 192 keV transition in In114 and the pure E2 character of the 4 + → 2 +, 722 keV and 2 + → 0 +, 556 keV transitions in Cd114. The conversion coefficient measurements reported here in Cd114 and In114 (Z=48 and 49) and in earlier studies (Z=22 - 28 and 56) indicate that E2-conversion coefficients in the Z region below 60 are in good agreement with theory.


The Nuu Dzaui or Mixtec people in Southern Mexico are one of the Mesoamerican peoples that play a central role in cultural historical and linguistic research at Leiden University. Products of early colonial times, but still outstanding in their extent and quality, are two major works of the Dominican Order, which after the Spanish invasion took on the evangelisation of the region: the Dzaha Dzaui grammar of Friar Antonio de los Reyes and the vocabulary compiled by Friar Francisco de Alvarado. Logically, given the pictorial character of precolonial Mixtec writing, an equivalent term for the ancient book was tacu 'painting'. This chapter presents examples that show how Nuu Dzaui (Mixtec) pictorial manuscripts contain many specific terms of the Nuu Dzaui cultural vocabulary, as well as the typical parallel structures and metaphors of the ceremonial speech, reported as the "lordly language" by Friar Antonio de los Reyes. Keywords:Dominican Order; Friar Antonio de los Reyes; Friar Francisco de Alvarado; Mixtec cultural vocabulary; pictorial writing; tacu 'painting'


Objectives: To investigate the needs of women and their partners during and after a miscarriage, and the extent that these were met by general practitioners.Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to women who had attended one of two acute hospitals in Leicester, UK for clinical investigation and treatment for miscarriage. The questionnaire was sent between three and six months after their attendance. They were also sent a questionnaire to be completed by their partners, if applicable.Results: Of the 176 questionnaires sent out to women, 94 (53%) were returned. Additionally, 74 questionnaires were completed by male partners. Overall 57 women (65%) felt that all or most of their needs had been met by general practice, but 31 (35%) reported that none or only a few of their needs had been met. Equivalent figures for partners were 35 (60%) and 23 (40%). Aspects of care that were most frequently reported as not having been received before admission included home assessment, information and support. Findings a...


Detecting and segmenting moving object is an important subject in computer visual analysis. Firstly, the algorithms of detecting moving target from static background in video sequences are discussed in this paper. Secondly, as the inter-frame subtraction can't detect moving object accurately and mixture Gaussian models can't solve the problems such as ghost¿shadow and real-time application, a new method based on edge-characteristic and inter-frame difference is proposed. In this method the target foreground object can be segregated completely by filling the edge map. Finally, combined with mathematical morphology and connectivity analyzing, noise can be reduced and gaps can be smoothed out. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can get exact moving object quickly from complex background and eliminate disturbing of background and the illumination changes efficiently, with operating time reducing dramatically.


Background: Although sinus restoration for transverse-sigmoid sinus (TSS) dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) has rarely been reported over the past decade, its advantage and indication still remain unclear. Herein, we discuss the indications and technical aspects of this therapy with a review of the literature. Case Description: A 79-year-old female was referred to our department with generalized convulsion. An angiogram revealed a DAVF at the junction of the right TSS. The right sigmoid and left transverse sinuses were occluded, which resulted in remarkable leptomeningeal venous reflux and cerebral venous congestion. A preoperative computed tomography (CT) venogram precisely revealed the occluded segment of the right sigmoid sinus, which facilitated the sinus restoration with balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Conclusion: Sinus restoration is preferable in patients with severe cerebral venous congestion due to multiple sinus occlusions and/or a restricted collateral venous outlet. CT venography is useful for precise evaluation of the length and configuration of the occluded segment, which thus make it possible to evaluate the feasibility of stenting.


Though the traditional carbon/oxygen spectrometry logging tool has good stability and repetitiveness, it's resolution is poor and easily effected by environmental factors. In order to solve this question, the new associated particle carbon/oxygen spectrometry logging tool which has higher resolution was used in Xing-shugang region of Daqing oilfield. The new spectrometry tool is advantaged to evaluate thin-bed reservoir by the principle' s research and its initial application, which can measure the information from the specific region of the formation and the influence of borehole, casing, cement can be entirely eliminated. Measured by the new tool is an effective method to find residual oil in thin-bed reservoir because of the high resolution of 0. 4 meter. High precision and good impact were showed by using the tool and the result of flooded strata interpretation in 6 production wells in Xingshugang region. Therefore, increasing oil output and reducing water output have been realized, which showed that there is a good market in finding the residual oil in thin-bed reservoir oilfield during the latter stage of high water cut.


The utility model relates to a health care brassiere, which is formed by that the inner side of the standard brassiere is tailored with a textile fabric layer; a mixed powder bag which is filled with Chinese herbal medicine is arranged between the brassiere and the textile fabric layer; the powder bag is made of ventilation property cloth. The utility model is characterized in accelerating haemal circulation, increasing the immune function of machine bodies and regulating the function of nervous system, achieving the functions of relieving inflammation and stopping pain through the osmosis of Chinese herbal medicine and the stimulation of acupuncture points. The utility model has the actions of health care and treatment to the mastitis of women, the hyperplasia of mammary glands of women, the breast tumour of women, the mastatrophy of women, the mammary dysplasia in puberty.


In this correspondence we determine an upper bound on the error recovery time of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) operating on a high signal to noise ratio channel of exponential impulse response to be used for binary transmission. This bound is related to the channel time constant and we show that exponential impulse response channels form a favourable class of channels with regard to DFE error recovery 'properties. Paper approved by the Editor for Digital Communications of the IEEE Communications Society. Manuscript received November 25, 1986; revised March 6, 1987. This work was supported by the Australian Telecommunications and Electronics Research Board. The authors are with the Department of Systems Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia. IEEE Log Number 8715681. ~~


The real-time localization problem for a class of multiagent systems with imperfect channels under directed graphs is investigated in this article. A successive distributed localization estimation algorithm based on iterative learning is proposed to solve the localization problem of the agent with bounded communication delays. The barycentric coordinates are used to represent the relative position between agents. An estimator is proposed to inspect whether the received data packet is the latest through the iteration stamp on the packet. Meanwhile, an intermittent distributed localization algorithm is devised to handle with the random data loss of agents in real-time localization problem. The relationship between the convergence rate and the probability of the data loss is given in the sense of mathematical expectations. Both numerical simulation and Qbot-2e robot experiment are provided to verify the effectiveness and the feasibility of the aforementioned methods.


The article is devoted to the issue of teaching students to work with pedagogical situations when teaching pedagogical disciplines in higher education. The literature on this topic is commented on. The article argues the relevance of teaching students to work with pedagogical situations in modern conditions. The level of development of the topic is analyzed in detail, the priorities of the development of pedagogical science, its role and importance in higher education are discussed. The focus is on innovative educational technologies and pedagogical situations used in the teaching of pedagogical disciplines, as well as the situation, the essence of the pedagogical situation. Opinions are expressed on finding positive solutions to the problems of the pedagogical situation. There are examples of pedagogical ministries used in the form of cases and methods of finding solutions. Conclusions and recommendations were made on the topic. The list of used literature is given.


In this article, a three-dimensional (3D) lumped model of the human auditoria peripherals that consisted of four masses equipped with five major springs and major dashpots is presented. This model will support the quantitative basis for construction of a human middle ear physical model. This 3D lumped model consists of a human ear bone model having a similar working principle as the tiny mechanical structure. The 3D lumped model's parameters were identified using previous anatomical data, and then constructed via a parameter optimizing process using 16 springs and dashpots that represent the tiny mechanical structure's five connections. The computational results showed the sensitivity priority of the five connections to the stapes displacement with a variety of sound frequencies. Moreover, a detailed discussion of the five connections' mechanical properties affecting the magnitude of the stapes displacement was also shown in this paper. As a result of increasing the stiffness in the joint of the middle ear bone connection, the stapes' vibrational amplitude was increased. However, the magnitude of the value of the four masses reacts in a manner that is opposite to stapes displacement. Some specific frequency ranges of the voice properties to the mass and connector systems are also discussed in this paper. The details of the individual mass or joint activity to the stapes displacement at various frequency ranges are also presented. The model's behaviors were calculated using the software ANSYS workbench 15.0, Solid works 2017, and the MATLAB R2015a. Our findings provide a relevant reference for related medical research.


With growing world population, the pork industry must strive for growth, efficiency, sustainability, and profitability alongside addressing consumer demands. Most pork products come from animals raised in specialized indoor facilities with automated feed, water, and ventilation systems. Air exchange is achieved through electrically powered fans and is critical for animal performance, health, and animal welfare. Ventilation requirements change rapidly throughout the growth cycle and are highly dependent on outdoor conditions, so proper management is crucial. Producers make key decisions on design and operation of their ventilation systems supported with little evidence-based research. Minimum ventilation fan operation is a debate within the industry. Use of sidewall versus pit fans to achieve air exchange requirements in cold weather ventilation was tested. In cold weather ventilation, the question of whether those fans should remain operational or be shut off was also analyzed. Indoor and outdoor measurements were recorded to understand impacts on thermal environment, air quality, air movement, and utility usage. Results showed no statistical evidence of impact by treatment on room temperature or relative humidity. Room averaged ammonia concentrations were consistent, but spatial differences were prevalent and of concern in sidewall fan treatments. Ventilation effectiveness was calculated with strongly varied results. Electrical usage was impacted in both ventilation seasons and could provide producers an economic opportunity. Pig performance was significantly different amongst treatment rooms but may not be linked entirely to ventilation treatments.


Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of varenicline in combination with psychological and behavioral support for tobacco dependence in China. Methods In this post-marketing, prospective, open-label study, participants of tobacco dependence without a serious or unstable disease were included for treatment with 12-week varenicline in combination with up to 10 minutes of smoking cessation counseling. Thereafter, participants continued into a nontreatment follow-up phase for an additional 12 weeks. Adverse reactions and clinical efficacy of carbon monoxide-confirmed continuous abstinence rates(CAR) from both week 9-12 and week 20-24 were recorded. Results The CAR of treatment phase from week 9-12 was 78% , and this advantage was maintained through the nontreatment follow-up to week 24, with CAR from week 20-24 being 74%. The common adverse drug reactions were nausea (37%), insomnia (19%), headache ( 11%) , fatigue (7%) and abnormal dreams (7%), which were generally mild to moderate intensity and often diminished over time. Mean increased in body weight during the 12-week treatment period were (1.0±1.3)kg. Mean withdrawal scale score from week 12 for all subjects was 1.9±2.3, showing that varenicline reduced the urge to smoke during treatment phase. Conclusions Varenicline, in combination with psychological and behavioral support, was efficacious, safe, and well-tolerated agent for smoking cessation in Chinese smokers over a 12-week treatment period,and its effects persisted for a further 12-week follow-up period.

Key words:
Tobacco dependence;  Smoking cessation;  Varenicline;  Treatment;  Safety


BACKGROUND
A new classification of periodontal diseases aimed to identify periodontal disease based on a multidimensional staging and grading system has been recently proposed. However, up to date, its prognostic predictive capability has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess if parameters included in the new classification were predictive of tooth loss after a long-term follow-up (> 10 years) in patients with periodontitis.

METHODS
Patients presented with periodontitis at the University of Michigan between January 1996 and January 2004 were screened and categorized according to the new classification of periodontitis. Number/Reasons of teeth loss in patients who underwent at least one session/year of maintenance during the entire follow-up period were extracted and utilized to analyze the prognostic capabilities of variables (Staging, Grading and Extent) included in the new classification.

RESULTS
A total number of 292 patients with a mean follow-up of 289.7 ± 79.6 months were included. 31 (10.6%) patients were classified as Stage 1, 85 (29.1%) as Stage 2, 146 (50%) as Stage 3, and 30 (10.3%) as Stage 4. For grading, 34 (11.7%) were classified as Grade A, 193 (66.1%) as Grade B, and 65 (22.2%) as Grade C. Results of multilevel Cox regression analyses revealed a statistically significant association between stage (HR:3.73 between stage 4 and Stage 1) and grade (HR: 4.83 between grade C and grade A) at baseline and periodontal related tooth loss, while no differences were detected for the extent of periodontitis.

CONCLUSION
This study provides the initial evidence regarding the predictive ability of the new classification of periodontitis. Patients in either Stage 4 or Grade C showed a significantly higher periodontal-related tooth loss. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The Automotive Industry is on the verge of digital transformation. The race building fully connected and autonomous cars has begun and it will redefine the way we have been using transportation systems. The goal of connected cars is to provide personalized and safe driving, but connectivity is opening the doors for cyber-attacks. Control Area Network (CAN)-bus is a serial car bus network that connects Electronic Control Units (ECUs), sensors and actuators in a system or subsystem for control applications. Thousands of signals are recorded on the CAN-Bus which can give almost real-time information about the car, driver and the surroundings. This paper proposes a conceptual approach for intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPSs) for connected cars and an overview of machine learning algorithms for anomaly detection as part of intrusion detection.


In order to study the location of circumnuclear rings (CNR) and their possible relation with the inner Lindblad resonances (ILR), we investigate a sample of spiral galaxies. For this purpose, we have obtained and analyzed medium resolution spectra of five spiral galaxies in the range 6200–6900 Å. Through the Hα emission line, we constructed the radial velocity curves, and then the rotation curves. By fitting them, considering two or three components of an axisymmetric Miyamoto–Nagai gravitational potential, we constructed the angular velocity and Lindblad curves. In addition, we determined the CNR radius using the 2D spectra and generating the Hα spatial emission radial profiles. We determined the position of the resonances and we calculated the angular velocity pattern, which are in the range of 26–47 km s−1 kpc−1 for the galaxies of the sample. According to our results, the CNR are located between the inner ILR (iILR) and the outer ILR (oILR), or between the center of the galaxy and the ILR, when the object has only one of such resonance, in agreement with previous results. In addition, we calculated the dimensionless parameter defined as = RCR/Rbar, being in the range 1.1–1.6, in agreement with previous results found in the literature.


Objective
To investigate radiation-induced carotid and cerebral vascular injury and its relationship with radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.

Methods
Fifty-eight NPC patients with radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) were recruited in the study. Duplex ultrasonography was used to scan bilateral carotid arterials to evaluate the intima-media thickness (IMT) and occurrence of plaque formation. Flow velocities of bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and basal artery (BA) were estimated through Transcranial Color Doppler (TCD). The result were compared with data from 33 patients who were free from radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis after radiotherapy and 29 healthy individuals, to study the relationship between IMT, occurrence of plaque and ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

Results
Significant differences in IMT, occurrence of plaques of ICAs and flow velocities of both MCAs and ICAs were found between patients after and healthy individuals (t=18.624, 8.221, P<0.05; χ2=17.886, P<0.05; t=14.367, 10.112, P<0.05). IMT had positive correlation with post radiation interval (r=0.368, P=0.049). IMT or incidence of plaques may be related to dose of radiotherapy, course of treatment and T stage(χ2=-17.635, 12.006, -3.125, P<0.05). Compared with result from patients without radiation-induced TLN, the mean IMT was significantly thicker in patients with TLN (t=10.208, P<0.05). Plaques were more common in patients with TLN than patients without TLN (χ2=13.118, P<0.05). In addition, flow velocities of MCAs and ICAs in patients with TLN were much faster (t=5.011, 5.035, P<0.05). Among patients with unilateral TLN, flow velocity of MCAs was significantly different between ipsilateral and contralateral sides to the lesion (t=18.362, P<0.05).

Conclusions
Thickening of IMT, occurrence of plaque formation and hemodynamic abnormality are more common in patients after radiotherapy, especially in those with TLN, compared with healthy individuals.

Key words:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Radiotherapy; Radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis; Radiation-induced carotid atherosclerosis; Radiation-induced cerebrovascular atherosclerosis


The electron transport properties of a back contact dye-sensitized solar cell (BCDSC) were investigated in comparison with a conventional DSC. It was found that the BCDSC had a lower short circuit current density (JSC) at the same thickness of TiO2 film and that JSC was not proportional to the thickness of the TiO2 film. Calculation of electron transport length in the TiO2 film suggested that the injected electron travels a longer distance to the electrode in the BCDSC than in the DSC. TiCl4 treatment of the TiO2 film produced a marked improvement of the JSC value in the BCDSC due to an increase in the electron diffusion coefficient of the TiO2 film, whereas the JSC of the DSC remained almost unchanged. It is clear that the value of JSC in the BCDSC is more dependent on the electron transport properties of the TiO2 film than in the DSC. Under standard AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2), a BCDSC with N719 dye yielded an overall conversion efficiency of 8.0%.


We invented a new two-domain TN/LCD with excellent viewing performance with identical, symmetrical 160 degree(s) (+/- 80 degree(s)) viewing cone in all four major viewing zones. The display also showed excellent color tracking and no gray scale reversal. Each sub-pixel is twisted nematic (TN) based with the LC alignments oriented in the horizontal and vertical directions. This is different from the conventional TN/LCD where the LC alignments are oriented in the two diagonal directions. In this special two-domain TN/LCD, the two sub-pixels show complementary asymmetrical horizontal and vertical viewing zones. Thus the combined two-domain effects show symmetrical and identical optical performances in the four major viewing zones. The viewing angle and display performances can be further improved by optical compensation films, in particular, the combination of types A and C films to enlarge the viewing angles in the diagonal viewing directions.


A stochastic model to simulate the processes of initiation, diameter growth, death, and self-pruning of branches in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees is presented. Information on whorl formation and branch growth was obtained from destructive sampling of whorl sections from 34 trees growing under 10 different initial spacings. Three different components were modeled and hierarchically connected: whorl, branches, and knots. For each new growing season, whorls and branches are assigned stochastically along and around the stem. Thereafter, branch diameter growth is predicted as a function of relative location within the live crown and stem growth. The branch model was linked to an individual-tree growth model, PTAEDA3.1, to simulate the dynamics of first-order branches arising from the main stem. Information on (i) vertical trend of branch diameter along and around the stem, (ii) volume of knots (live and dead portions), and (iii) spatial location, size, and type (live and dead) of knots can be obtained. ...


Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse effect of pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin as the first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: Eighteen patients initially diagnosed with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer were included and undergone first treatment with pemetrexed at a dose of 500 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on the day 1 in a repeated cycle of 21 days,at least for 2 cycles chemotherapy.Results: Complete remission was found in 2 patients,partial response in 5 and stable disease in 11.The total effective rate was 38.9%(7/18).The median survival time was 9.0 months,median time to tumor progression,3.2 months and the one-year survival rate,33.3%(6/18).The major adverse effects were associated with bone marrow suppression and fatigue of Ⅰ-Ⅱ in general.Conclusion: The regimen of pemetrexed disodium combined with oxaliplatin is effective,safe and well tolerable in initial treatment of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer,which may be recommended in wider clinical use.


...............................................................................................ii Dedication.............................................................................................iii Acknowledgments....................................................................................iv Vita......................................................................................................v List of Tables........................................................................................vii List of Figures.......................................................................................viii Chapter 1: Introduction..............................................................................1 Chapter 2: Preferred Salt Level of a College Campus Population for Broccoli.............15 2.


This article describes Shell Canada's pilot steam flood in the Peace River oil sand of northwestern Alberta. After laboratory and field tests a 10,000b/d project is planned as a first step in recovery of 14 billion bbl of bitumen in place under shell leases. The project will consist of four clusters of wells. Each cluster will have 13 seven spots. The clusters are separated from each other to allow independent operation of patterns, permitting optimum steam plant sizing and usage. Drilling started in February 1985 and will be complete in 1986. Before start-up, installation of additional boilers, water treaters, dehydration facilities and related equipment must be completed. Along with these a lateral line to a gas pipeline (for boiler fuel) and a lateral connection to the delivery pipeline must be installed.


We wish to point out that papers by Rahman (1988) and Rahman & Weichert (1990) contain a basic error in concept. In these papers, the authors seek to ~horten the amount of computation necessary for a simulation of a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image of a structure containing a defect, using as an example an oxygen vacancy in mullite. Unfortunately, the method used leads to errors in the simulated image.


and scalable cubed-sphere grid framework is described for simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) space-physics ows in domains between two concentric spheres. The unique feature of the proposed formulation compared to existing cubed-sphere codes lies in the design of a cubed-sphere framework that is based on a genuine and consistent multi-block implementation, leading to ux calculations, adaptivity, implicit solves, and parallelism that are fully transparent to the boundaries between the six grid root blocks that correspond to the six sectors of the cubed-sphere grid. Crucial elements of the proposed approach that facilitate this exible design are: an unstructured connectivity of the six root blocks of the grid, multi-dimensional k-exact reconstruction that automatically takes into account information from neighbouring cells, and adaptive division of the six root blocks into smaller blocks of varying resolution that are all treated exactly equally for ghost cell information transfers, ux calculations, adaptivity, implicit solves and parallel distribution. The approach requires signicant initial investment in developing a general and sophisticated adaptive multi-block implementation, with the added complexity of unstructured root-block connectivity, but once this infrastructure is in place, a simulation framework that is uniformly accurate and easily scalable can be developed naturally, since blocks that are adjacent to sector boundaries or sector corners are not treated specially in any way. The general design principles of the adaptive multi-block approach are described and, in particular, how they are used in the implementation of the cubed-sphere framework. The nite-volume discretization, parallelization, and implicit solves are also described. The adaptive mesh renement (AMR) algorithm uses an upwind spatial discretization procedure in conjunction with limited linear solution reconstruction and Riemann-solver based ux functions to solve the governing equations on multi-block


As a result of financial liberalization boundaries between financial markets have been disappeared and capital movements have accelerated which leads to rise of financial flows from developed to developing countries. Foreign investments can be realized as foreign direct investments indicating the ownership of physical assets in another country or as portfolio investments in assets for the sake of maximum return at minimum risk. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of foreign direct and portfolio investments on stock returns in E7 countries (Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia, Turkey) for the time period from 2005 to 2016 using panel data analysis. Results indicate a significant and positive relation between foreign portfolio investments and stock market returns whereas a negative relation between foreign direct investment and stock market returns. It is concluded that foreign portfolio investments have very crucial effect in increasing the stock returns in E7 countries.


Accurate and proper uncertainty evaluation is a prerequisite and guarantee to afford a correct measuring result. Take the uncertainty evaluation of the acting characteristic test of a thermal reay as an exanmple,analyzing the test laboratory to product uncertainty evaluation method.


Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are potentially solutions to some governmental challenges but the differing motives of the private and public sectors pose issues regarding accountability. Through a public stewardship framework, a prescriptive analysis is presented to demonstrate how both value-for-money (VFM) and the pursuit of public values can be simultaneously achieved in benefitting both sectors. Best value, leadership and collaboration emerge as outcome variables of public stewardship that serve to improve accountability for PPPs. The findings reveal public stewardship as the critical link between VFM and public values to reconcile accountability issues that have been identified as obstacles to the successful formation and implementation of PPPs.


The β-glucanase gene from recombined cloning plasmid was subcloned into BamHⅠand XhoⅠ site of expression plasmid pET-30a.The recombined expression plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21.The result of SDS-PAGE showed that about 25.0 kD protein of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase was expressed in E.coli strain BL21 containing recombined plasmid.The enzyme activity of the recombinant was 60.4 U/mL,which was about 30-fold higher than that of the original strain.The optimal temperature and pH of the enzyme were 50 ℃ and 5.0-7.0,respectively.The enzyme was relatively stable at temperature below 50 ℃ for 2 min,and almost unaffected after 60min between pH 3.0 and 9.0.


The impact of cellulose ethers (CE) on C3A hydration was examined to support the understanding of the retarding effect of CE on cement hydration. In this sense, we successively studied the CE adsorption on ettringite and calcium hydroaluminates, and then the CE influence during C3A hydration in presence or absence of calcium sulphate. We emphasized a phase-specific adsorption of CE depending on CE chemistry. Besides, in addition of CE, we highlighted a gradual slowing down of C3A dissolution as well as ettringite and calcium hydroaluminates precipitation. Again, a great impact of CE chemistry and CE adsorption behaviour were noticed. Thus, HECs induce always a stronger adsorption on calcium hydroaluminates and a longer C3A hydration delay that HPMCs.


CoFe2O4/SiO2 nano-composites were prepared via the sol-gel method. Structure, grain size and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4/SiO2 nano-composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that with the increase of the content of SiO2, the grain size, the saturation magnetization and coercivity of samples decrease.


The development of educational informatization imposes new requirements on the cultivation of teachers' digital competence, which appeals to teachers who aim to optimize their teaching by integrating appropriate Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The requirement of digital competence corresponds to the meaning of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Therefore, the development of teachers' TPACK abilities can also positively influence the cultivation of their digital competence. The study was to examine the level of teachers' TPACK abilities, and whether any difference in such abilities would be found according to the different teaching stages and teachers' educational levels. An online questionnaire was distributed to the target teachers. Data of 1342 participants were analyzed. SPSS was used to conduct the descriptive statistics, and the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test with the post-hoc pairwise comparisons was used to determine teachers' TPACK ability levels and explore the differences in teachers' TPACK according to their different teaching stages and educational levels. The results indicated that teachers' TPACK abilities were at a generally high level. Moreover, significant differences in teachers' TPACK abilities were found in the teaching stages and educational levels. Teachers with different teaching stages have significant differences in Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). However, no difference was found between Technological Knowledge (TK) and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). In addition, the results suggested that the seven sub-dimensions of TPACK differed significantly according to teachers' educational levels, where the higher the educational level, the better the teachers' TPACK abilities. Therefore, teachers should effectively integrate technology and apply appropriate pedagogies according to the teaching content in different teaching stages. A planned and targeted series of ICT application training courses for teachers with lower educational levels would be helpful to improve their self-confidence in using technology to promote their teaching effectiveness.


The mapping organogenic reef structures of Devonian on Western Orenburg Region is a rather difficult and ambiguous task in view of the fact that carbonate reservoirs are inhomogeneous media containing voids of different types (cracks, pores, caverns) and are often subject to secondary rock substitution. During the study, a complex of methods is used to map the buildings, based on the analysis of seismic materials, dynamic interpretation and borehole data. In the process of work, an algorithm for synchronous deterministic inversion was performed on seismic data before summation and spectral decomposition of the amplitude cube. As a result, with the help of this set of methods, the main reef buildings of the Famennian stage of Devonian time were identified.


INTRODUCTION
The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prospective investigations in youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking.

METHODS
A prospective observational cohort study was performed in 101 PHIV and 97 HIV-, 10-18 years of age, from 2017-2021 at the JCRC in Uganda. PHIVs were on ART with HIV-1 RNA level ≤400 copies/mL. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated at baseline and 96 weeks. Groups were compared using unpaired t test and potential predictors of IMT and PWV were assessed using quantile regression.

RESULTS
Of the 198 participants recruited at baseline, 168 (89 PHIV, 79 HIV-) had measurements at 96 weeks. Median (Q1, Q3) age was 13 years (11,15); 52% were females; 85% had viral load < 50 copies/mL and remained undetectable at week 96. Baseline mean common carotid IMT was slightly higher in PHIVs compared to controls (p < 0.01), and PWV did not differ between groups(p = 0.08). At week 96, IMT decreased and PWV increased in PHIV (p≤0.03); IMT increased in HIV- (p = 0.03) with no change in PWV (p = 0.92). In longitudinal analyses in PHIV, longer ART duration was associated with lower PWV (β=0.008, 95% CI -0.008, 0.003), and abacavir use with greater IMT (β=0.043, 95% CI 0.012, 0.074).

CONCLUSIONS
In healthy Ugandan PHIV, with viral suppression on ART, common carotid IMT did not progress over 2 years. Prolonged and early ART may prevent progression of subclinical vascular disease, while prolonged use of abacavir may increase it.


Objective: To analyze the curative effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the healing of tympanic membrane perforations caused by chronic suppurative otitis media simplex. Methods: The curative effects of the treatment for 65 cases (82 ears) of chronic suppurative otitis media simplex, which were diagnosed by mastoid X-ray films, or CT,MRI and pure tone testing,were analyzed retrospectively. Comparison of curative effects was made between the treatment group (40 ears), given treatment combined with bFGF and the control group (46 ears) without bFGF.Results: In the bFGF treatment group, 31 tympanic membranes perforations of the 40 ears were healed while in the control group, only 24 of the 46 ears were healed. The curative rate was 77.50% and 57.14% respectively. Significant difference was observed between the two groups. The average curing time for the 31 ears in the treatment group was 31.91 days, and 45.50 days for the 24 ears in the control group. Conclusion: bFGF can aid the healing of tympanic membrane perforations caused by inflammation with increased curative rate and shortened curative time.


The present invention provides a terminal, comprising: a determination unit, when receiving the operation instruction triggers the desktop icons, desktop icons corresponding to the determination of whether the application runs normally; restoring unit for the application does not run properly, in a predetermined manner to restore the application. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method of application recovery. By aspect of the present invention, upon triggering the desktop icon, the application does not automatically resume normal operation, and can perform the corresponding function depending on the response to enhance the user experience.


We present the power spectrum analysis of clustering in the Durham/UKST Galaxy Redshift Survey. The Survey covers 1450 square degrees and consists of 2501 galaxy redshifts. The galaxies are sampled at a rate of 1 in 3 down to a magnitude limit of bJ � 17 from COSMOS scanned UK-Schmidt plates. Our measurement of the power spectrum is robust for wavenumbers in the range 0.04 hMpc 1 � k � 0.6hMpc 1 . The slope of the power spectrum for k > 0.1hMpc 1 is close to k 2 . The fluctuations in the galaxy distribution can be expressed as the rms variance in the number of galaxies in spheres of radius 8 h 1 Mpc as �8 = 1.01±0.17. We find remarkably good agreement between the power spectrum measured for the Durham/UKST Survey and those obtained from other optical studies on scales up to � = 2�/k � 80h 1 Mpc. On scales larger than this we find good agreement with the power measured from the Stromlo-APM Survey (Tadros & Efstathiou), but find more power than estimated from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (Lin et al). The Durham/UKST Survey power spectrum has a higher amplitude than the power spectrum of IRAS galaxies on large scales, implying a relative bias between optically and infra-red selected samples of brel = 1.3. We apply a simple model for the distortion of the pattern of clustering caused by the peculiar motions of galaxies to the APM Galaxy Survey power spectrum, which is free from such effects, and find a shape and amplitude that is in very good agreement with the power spectrum of the Durham/UKST Survey. This implies � = 0.6 /b = 0.60 ± 0.35, where b is the bias between fluctuations in the galaxy and mass distributions, and also suggests a one dimensional velocity dispersion of � = 320 ± 140kms 1 . We compare the Durham/UKST power spectrum with Cold Dark Matter models of structure formation, including the effects of nonlinear growth of the density fluctuations and redshift-space distortions on the theoretical power spectra. We find that for any choice of normalisation, the standard CDM model has a shape that cannot be reconciled with the Durham/UKST Survey power spectrum, unless either unacceptably high values of the one dimensional velocity dispersion are adopted or the assumption that bias is constant is invalid on scales greater than 20h 1 Mpc. Over the range of wavenumbers for which we have a robust measurement of the power spectrum, we find the best agreement is obtained for a critical density CDM model in which the shape of the power spectrum is modified.


This paper presents a VHDL-AMS behavioral modeling method for the semiconductor devices based on Spice model,and the behavioral model of MOSFET is also provided,including models for temperature effects, noise, DC current and capacitance equations. Finally we take the CMOS inverter circuit as example and make use of the mixed signal simulator SMASH5.5 to verify the behavioral model.


The peak resolution ratio between closely related molecular substance is caused to improve using the high-resolution Protein A Chromatography of chaotropic agent and pH gradient or pH step elution buffers.Bispecific antibody containing the CH3 domains that elimination substitution is combined with the albumin A that albumin A combination CH3 domains are matched is separated with peak resolution ratio and containing the Mono-specific antibodies of CH3 domains and the Mono-specific antibodies containing the albumin A combination CH3 domains matched with albumin A combination CH3 domains that the albumin A that the CH3 domains that albumin A combination eliminates substitution are matched combines elimination substitution.Useful chaotropic agent includes magnesium chloride and calcium chloride.


Scheme for classifying software facilitates and accelerates retrieval of software components. Method aids reuse of software and increases software developers' productivity. Used to discover software components meeting specified need in large collection of useful, reliable components. Classification and retrieval methodology applies equally to things unrelated to software, such as hardware, patents, legal cases, and books. Searcher enables user to find desired software without being required to answer excessive number of questions and without presenting user with too many possible answers to any one question. Although it guides inexperienced user through system, it lets expert user forge ahead without artificial restriction.


In this paper, we present an approach of automatic pixels feature extraction for Gender Classification using Near-Infra-Red Periocular iris images with Deep learning. Previous works on gender-from-iris have been tried to find manually the best feature extraction methods to represent the gender information of the iris texture from normalized and encoded images. The application of Soft Biometrics with Deep Learning from NIR Periocular-iris-images is a new topic due to the small number of gender labeled images available. In this work, we used bottleneck, fine-tuning and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained from scratch approaches, to identify the most relevant areas on periocular iris images. Training a CNN from scratch with a small number of images using the Data Augmentation technique reached the best classification rate and automatically found the most relevant areas for this task. We concluded that training a model from scratch even with a small number of layers, performed better than using a pre-trained powerful model such as VGG and Resnet in this kind of problems. The best result reached from our CNN trained from scratch was 85.48% of accuracy for gender classification.


Background: Several factors affect oral and dental hygiene and therefore general health. Objectives: This study used the health belief model (HBM) to explore factors influencing dental health behaviors of students in Teheran, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The participants were 400 male high-school students in district 5 in Tehran selected through multistage stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data, which included the following measures of the HBM: perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. A multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation were run to detect potential correlations between the independent variables and dependent variable. Results: All 400 students completed the study. The results of the linear regression analysis showed that perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action accounted for the highest percent of total variance observed in dental health behaviors. The total HBM constructs and demographic variables explained 29% of the variance in dental health behaviors. Conclusions: The current study provides evidence that oral and dental hygiene can be promoted by reducing perceived barriers and enhancing oral and dental hygiene self-efficacy.


Benzyloxy)-4-chloro-6-methoxyquinazoline (1) was synthesized from methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (2) through five steps including substitution, nitration, reduction, cyclization and chlorination.Its structure was confirmed by 1 H NMR and MS spectrum. The total yield of the five steps was 29.2%.


In this paper, boards of directors in multi-hospital systems are identified as an alternative mechanism for the internal coordination and control of the systems' affairs. Hypotheses are developed which predict the prevalence of local board control in situations where hierarchical or cultural control mechanisms prove ineffective or inefficient.


In the field of pattern classification, the training of deep learning classifiers is mostly end-to-end learning, and the loss function is the constraint on the final output (posterior probability) of the network, so the existence of Softmax is essential. In the case of end-to-end learning, there is usually no effective loss function that completely relies on the features of the middle layer to restrict learning, resulting in the distribution of sample latent features is not optimal, so there is still room for improvement in classification accuracy. Based on the concept of Predefined Evenly-Distributed Class Centroids (PEDCC), this article proposes a Softmax-free loss function based on predefined optimal-distribution of latent features—POD Loss. The loss function only restricts the latent features of the samples, including the norm-adaptive Cosine distance between the latent feature vector of the sample and the center of the predefined evenly-distributed class, and the correlation between the latent features of the samples. Finally, Cosine distance is used for classification. Compared with the commonly used Softmax Loss, some typical Softmax related loss functions and PEDCC-Loss, experiments on several commonly used datasets on several typical deep learning classification networks show that the classification performance of POD Loss is always significant better and easier to converge. Code is available in https://github.com/TianYuZu/POD-Loss.


The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the shortest songs from Jan Kochanowski's collection Pieśni. These include a petrarchist Pieśń II 21, and above all, four horatian‑origin works Pieśń: I 11 (Stronisz przede mną, Neto nietykana), II 7 (Słońce pali, a ziemia idzie w popiół prawie), II 16 (Nic po tych zbytnich potrawach…) and II 23 (Nie zawżdy, piękna Zofija…). Following a short review of previous attempts at classifying Kochanowski's Pieśni, which were made by Polish scholars, as well as considering other options of categorising lyrical songs, the author indicated the contexts of particular works, described their rhetorics and emphasised the mastery of the poet, which is manifested through the construction of such sophisticated forms. A song, under Kochanowski's pen, became a brief but comprehensive genre. It comprised solemnity and joy, elegiac mood and frivolous joke.