In the mid-1920's the Russian assyriologist V. K. Silejko published three astral tablets belonging to the Lichacov Collection in Soviet publications. The first, a Prayer to the Gods of the Night, appeared in 1924, while the second and third, an Old Babylonian tablet with astronomical omens, and a fragment of a Neo-Assyrian commentary to Enüma Anu Enlil, appeared together in GRAS B in 1927. Unfortunately, V. Silejko's primary publications were not readily available in the west although the three tablets themselves, in particular The Prayer to the Gods of the Night, were known and enjoyed a great deal of scholarly attention. Today, with the end of the Cold War, full assyriological cooperation has been renewed between scholars and institutions who previously had found themselves on opposite sides of the iron curtain including the assyriological communities of St. Petersburg and Jerusalem. In keeping with this spirit of cooperation, I thank my colleagues at The Hermitage for the opportunity to rectify the historical wrong which befell Silejko's excellent studies by presenting renewed editions with


Recent and on-going work in the author's laboratory is described with particular reference to the use of flow injection, continuous flow and HPLC procedures for the development of improved analytical methodology for (a) the determination of trace concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Se and (b) the determination of various arsenic and selenium compounds. The methods have been applied to the analysis of several different sample matrices, including urine, soil, sediments, waters, plants (garlic, onion, apple leaves), yeast, fruit juices, wine, calcium supplements and marine plankton. The dependence of the LOD of an FI HG method on sample volume is examined and the validity of the proposed rectangular hyperbolic relationship established for a number of different analyses. The use of immobilized tetrahydroborate in conjunction with preconcentration of the analyte on the same anion-exchange resin is described as a possible procedure for improving the LOD. When used in conjunction with ETAAS, an LOD of 0.004 µg l
 –1
for both As and Se was obtained for a sample volume of 10 ml. The procedure was also used in a method for the determination of inorganic arsensic and methylated arsenic(V) species. Methods for the determination of Pb by HG in the presence of hexacyanoferrate(III) were developed and applied to the analysis of urine, soils, waters and apple leaves. In the case of urine, the interference from the chelating agents used in the treatment of patients with elevated lead was overcome by the addition of Sc. The best LOD of 0.03 µg l
 –1
 was obtained for a procedure in which the lead hydride was trapped on the interior of a flame-heated slotted quartz tube under fuel-lean conditions with subsequent atomization when the flame was made fuel rich (by the injection of a small volume of isobutyl methyl ketone). It has been confirmed that it is possible to determine Cd by a 'cold vapour' procedure and it was shown that the nature of the atom cell surface played no part in the atomization process, which appeared to be the spontaneous decomposition of the species evolved from acid solution of cadmium on the addition of sodium tetrahydroborate solution. A modest increase in signal was obtained in the presence of nickel and thiourea. An LOD of 0.02 µg l
 –1
 was obtained for a sample volume of 300 µl and the procedure was used for the analysis of NIST SRM 2711 (Montana Soil) in which the interference from the high lead content was overcome by coprecipitation with barium sulfate. Three examples of procedures using manifold designs incorporating an 'eight-port' rotary valve are given to illustrate the versatility of this component: the separation of high concentrations of uranium (5000 mg l
 –1
) from trace concentrations (1 µg l
 –1
) of Al, Be, Li and Mg for determination by ICP-MS, the automated implementation of the co-immobilization of analyte and tetrahydroborate on an anion-exchange resin and the stopped-flow microwave digestion of human urine for the determination of Se by HG and ETAAS. Improvements in the ion-pair (with trichloroacetate) reversed-phase (C8) HPLC procedure (with ICP-MS detection) for the separation of selenoamino acids (and closely related compounds) were made with a new stationary phase (Waters Symmetryshield RP
 8
) and a small-volume spray chamber. The results of extraction procedures indicated that much of the selenium in yeast and garlic is bound in high molecular mass material. So far only a few of the compounds in the extracts have been identified by retention time matching. A reversed phase (C
 18
), ion-pair (tetrabutylammonium) HPLC procedure for the separation of four arsenic species (arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsinate and dimethylarsonate), with detection by post-column HG-AAS, has been devised and applied to the extracts of soils spiked with these four species. Low recoveries of arsenite were obtained and microwave energy significantly accelerated the oxidation of arsenite to arsenate.


Seventy-two species offoliose and fruticose lichens are reported for eastern Iowa, ten of them new records for the state. This flora shows greatest affinity with the eastern North American floristic region and has few species with a boreal, tropical or southwestern U.S. distribution. Until recently, the lichen flora of Iowa was largely unreported. However, in the last five years, several studies (Malone & Tiffany 1978; Schutte 1979; Dunlap & Tiffany 1980) on either a statewide or local level have provided a floristic base for lichen study in this area. Because of its central location, Iowa exhibits floristically diverse vascular plants, with elements of the tallgrass prairie, eastern deciduous forest, northern coniferous forest and Atlantic coastal plain being most common (Lammers & Van Der Valk 1978). However, ecological diversity has been reduced by extensive farming. Original or second-growth vegetation does remain in state and county parks and pre- serves, and along rivers where the land is unsuitable for agricultural use. Upland forests are dominated by Quercus, Carya, and Juglans, while lowland forests contain more Acer, Tilia, and Ulmus (now declining). These woodlands have few native conifers, although Juniperus virginiana may be frequent in dry sites. There are some stands of native Pinus strobus, and groves of non-native conifers have been planted in many areas. Very little native Iowa prairie remains, although a few communities of tallgrass prairie have been preserved. Most of the rock available for saxicolous lichens in eastern Iowa is limestone, found in outcrops along river valleys. Bryophytes also find these limestones suitable habitat, and lichens may be epiphytic on the bryophytes. Soils vary from the alfisols of the forests to the mollisols of the tallgrass prairie, but the sand prairie communities have the most extensive terricolous lichen assemblage. These soils are generally coarse to fine sand, with little organic matter, and rapid drainage. The purpose of this study is to present an annotated flora of the foliose and fruticose lichens of eastern Iowa, and to examine the affinities of this flora with other areas of North America.


In this paper we obtain new lower bounds for pseudo-differential operators with non-negative symbols, thus providing a sharper form of Gårding's inequality.


The research study carried to examine the phenomenon of Islamic Banking Industry in Indonesia.This research is qualitative research and literature study category. The researcher used literature from the books, journals, and reports results of previous researchers. The existence of Islamic sharia human resources development has the world and the hereafter dimensions. Human resources readiness to filled in Islamic banking both quantitative and qualitative. It supported by infrastructure of Islamic economics education. An effective recruitment system has been understood of Islamic philosophy and culture.


With the size and number of university capital construction projects increasing,the traditional method of file management infrastructure cannot meet modern archives management requirements.The Java language technology was used to develop the management system,which base on the MVC framework mode from the presentation layer,business layer,data layer to develop information management systems,and to digitize file of the infrastructure projects archives,and to achieve effective management infrastructure archives.


ALTHOUGH IT IS well established that the adrenalectomized animal is hypersensitive to vascular stress, the compensatory mechanisms which fail in the absence of adreno-cortical hormones have not been directly demonstrated. In normal intact animals, it is known that resistance to hemorrhage, as well as to other procedures which reduce the blood volume, is dependent in great part upon emergency reflex mechanisms which operate to maintain venous return and cardiac output. The efficiency of these compensatory adjustments may be appreciated from the finding that hemorrhage equal to 2.1 per cent of the body weight may not decrease venous return and cardiac output at all (Meek and Eyster, 1921), presumably because reserve blood from less active regions of the circulation is shifted to the active circulation. The present work was undertaken to determine whether the hypersensitivity of adrenalectomized animals could be due to a primary failure of compensatory mechanisms for maintenance of venous return and cardiac ...


In this paper, we investigate a regime switching Lucas economy in continuous time, with multiple dividend streams and labour income. We determine the asset prices in equilibrium in the economy with regime switching, and derive a system of partial differential equations for the asset prices and the short interest rate. The solutions for the endogenous short interest rate, the bond price and the yield of the bond are obtained. We also consider applications of the equilibrium model and show that the model implies a rich framework for the term structure of interest rates. We demonstrate how the regime switching economy helps to improve the model-implied annual excess rate of return. This assists in explaining the famous equity premium puzzle.


The paper focuses on the interactions between authors/producers and consumers in the creation of products and services, whose value proposition rests on the story they tell – books, movies, games, etc. – narrative-based goods. We argue that their scope is not limited to the individual intrinsic experience and reinterpretation of the meanings of the story, described in the narrative consumption literature. We, therefore, propose a typology, which depicts the variety of possible instances of collective narrative consumption by distinguishing four types of interactions based on a hidden/open and confrontation-based/cooperation-based dialogue. Furthermore, we expand the analytical timeframe of transportation theories beyond the moment of consumption (narrative transportation). By incorporating insights from the concept of value co-creation based on the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) literature we examine how value is co-created during the pre-, mid- and post-transportation phases in the case of all four interaction types. On this occasion, we also develop SDL by conceptualizing and providing examples for value co-creation that does not need direct individual producer-consumer interactions, whilst still significantly affecting both parties. The theoretical concepts are illustrated by practical examples of narrative consumption.


Comedie musicale en 2 actes. - Lyrics du comp.. - Livret de George S. Kaufman, Leueen MacGrath et Abe Burrows d'apres "Ninotchka" de Melchior Lengyel. - Cree a New York, Imperial Theatre. - Comprend : "Ouverture" ; "Too bad" ; "Paris loves lovers" ; "Stereophonic sound" ; "It's a chemical reaction, that's all" ; "All of you" ; "Satin and silk" ; "Without love" ;" Hail, Bibinski" ; "As on through the seasons we sail" ; "Josephine" ; "Siberia" ; "Silk stockings" (chanson) ; "The red blues". - Chansons eliminees : Art ; There's a Hollywood that's good ; Give me the land ; If ever we get out of jail ; Let's make it a night ; The perfume of love ; Under the dress ; What a ball ; Why should I trust you ? ; Bebe of Gay Paree


There is a high burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in many parts of Africa. As for HIV, the highest rates of STDs are found in urban men and women aged 15-35 years. STDs may be responsible for up to 17% of productive life years lost to disease in sub-Saharan urban populations. Despite this heavy burden of STDs, however, their diagnosis and treatment remain neglected by public health in most of the developing world. Many factors drive the epidemiology of STDs in Africa. The disproportionate number of men relative to women in many cities prompts many men in urban areas to have sex with a core group of prostitutes who facilitate the spread of STDs. In other cities, the frequent change of sex partners, economic factors, access to health services, lack of health education, health seeking behavior, and lack of political will play roles in the spread of STDs. Genital ulcer disease is also more frequent in Africa than in developed countries. The authors discuss the interactions between HIV and other STDs, the impact of HIV infection upon other STDs, the impact of the HIV/STD interactions upon the HIV and STD epidemics, and implications for STD and HIV control programs.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a model to assist school leaders in managing the professional development activities of teachers. The model illustrates the important role of principals in promoting continuing professional development (CPD), chiefly by cultivating a collaborative learning culture and formulating policy.

Design/methodology/approach

This study tested a framework based on the input of 103 CPD coordinators in Hong Kong, who participated in a quasi-experimental design questionnaire survey. Factor analysis and reliability tests were applied to verify the constructed validity and reliability of a self-developed instrument. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then applied to confirm the model.

Findings

The result of the SEM shows that principal support has a predictive effect on CPD policy and a collaborative learning culture, while the effectiveness of a CPD plan is predicted by collaborative culture and management strategy.

Originality/value

This study contributes theoretically to existing literature and practically to school leaders, by supplying a model for managing teacher CPD.


AIM:To investigate the expressions of survivin protein and telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)mRNA and their relationships with cellular proliferation and apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma(TC).METHODS:The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling technique was introduced to measure the apoptosis index(AI).Expressions of TERT mRNA and the protein of survivin,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in 46 cases of thyroid carcinoma were respectively determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining.Twenty cases of benign lesions were taken as control group.RESULTS:The positive staining rates of TERT mRNA,survivin and AI,proliferation index(PI)in TC were higher than those in control group(P0.05).The expressions of TERT mRNA and survivin in TC were related to clinic stage(P0.05).At the same time,the expression of survivin was related to lymph node metastasis.In TC group,the expression of TERT mRNA was positively correlated with the expression of survivin.In the TC group,PI in patients with positive survivin or TERT mRNA expression was higher than that in patients with negative survivin or TERT mRNA expression,however,the AI was lower than that in patients with negative survivin or TERT mRNA expression(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Survivin and TERT are specifically expressed in TC and are probably involved in the pathogenesis of TC via inhibiting apoptosis and up-regulating cellular proliferation.


A while back I took advantage of lesser traveled areas of my Netflix account. Poking around at the selections. I was trying to find things that were


Abstract. Multicamera systems have many advantages and are widely used. However, many situations require camera parameters that are more accurate than those that are currently available. A new algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy and consistency of these systems by adjusting the camera parameters. The algorithm assumes that the distribution of the measured point positions follows the Gaussian mixture model. Based on this model, point positions in space are estimated, and new camera parameters are computed from the estimation. A metric is defined to describe the difference between the newly computed and precalibrated camera parameters, following which the parameters are adjusted by minimizing this difference. Finally, the validity of the algorithm is confirmed by conducting experiments. Two indicators that describe the accuracy and consistency are defined and applied to analyze the experimental data.


Background

Many studies have examined the disparities in cancer diagnosis, treatment and survival among different subgroups classified based on race, socioeconomic status and age. Not as many studies have examined disease characteristics in rural populations, perhaps because of the lack of a consensus in the United States regarding the definition of "rural". In these few studies, many disparities were reported in association with rural residence such as lower levels of utilization of cancer screening tests, lower likelihood of receiving guideline-appropriate therapy and shorter survival.

Objectives

To examine multiple myeloma disease characteristics and survival in rural patients of southern New Mexico in comparison to their urban counterparts.

Methods

Patients presented to Memorial Medical Center (MMC) and its associated cancer center from January 2003 to December 2013 with multiple myeloma were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The charts were also examined for evidence of offering or discussing Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) as a treatment option with patients, and whether it was actually performed. Patient staging at diagnosis according to International Staging System (ISS) for myeloma was determined, if possible. Urban vs. rural classification was based on the Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes (RUCA) version 2.0; a census tract-based classification scheme that utilizes the standard bureau of census urban definition in combination with work commuting information. Categorization D of RUCA was chosen. It defines urban as all places that have 30% or more of their workers going to a Census Bureau-defined Urbanized Area.

Results

A total of 87 patients were initially enrolled in the study. Four patients were excluded because sufficient evidence to establish the diagnosis could not be verified. Two additional patients who had solitary plasmacytoma with no evidence of systemic involvement were excluded as well. Patients were classified based on their residence at the time of diagnosis as rural (29 patients) and non-rural (52 patients).

There was no difference between the mean age at diagnosis between the two groups with mean being 66.20 for non-rural group and 67.77 for the rural group. The type of heavy chain protein was generally similar for both groups with 55.74 % of patients diagnosed with Immunoglobulin G heavy chain disease. The average duration of initial presenting symptom prior to diagnosis was 7.36 weeks for the whole sample, 13.6 week for the rural group, and 4.56 weeks for the non rural group, which suggests that non-rural patients were more likely to seek medical attention sooner than their rural counterparts (p=0.0037). Tobacco consumption was higher among patients in the rural group compared to non-rural group. Nearly half (47.37%) of rural patients were diagnosed at stage 3 according to ISS staging system, while only 31.03% of non-rural patients were diagnosed at the same stage. Rural patients were more likely to be diagnosed at a more advanced disease stage (p=0.063). The nature of the chief presenting problem was generally similar in both groups with the exception of the higher likelihood of patients in non-rural group to be diagnosed at an asymptomatic stage. In the whole sample, 33.33% of patients had evidence of being offered or educated about ASCT as a treatment option, and 18.52% of patients actually receiving it. There was no different between the two groups in this regard. Median survival time for the whole sample was 57 months. Patients in the rural group had a median survival of 39.03 months (95% CI 18.96- 57.99), while non-rural patients had a median survival of 68.99 months (95% CI 25.95-90.02) ( p<0.001). Log-rank test for equality of survivor function showed survival benefit in favor of the non-rural group (p=0.07).

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the 1st US based study that examine rural-urban difference in survival of multiple myeloma patients. Our results showed that rural patients of southern New Mexico state had longer period of symptoms prior to diagnosis, were diagnosed at a more advanced stage and had worse survival compared to their non-rural counterparts. This is perhaps a result of many challenges that face health care in rural population. It is recommended to encourage the efforts aiming to enhance health care services in rural areas, to minimize the disparities in health care between rural and urban populations.

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Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: pending:yes


Purpose: To study the suitability of a novel 1D silicon monolithic array for dosimetry of small radiation fields and for QA of high dose gradient treatment modalities (IMRT and SBRT). Methods: A 1D array composed of 4 monolithic silicon modules of 64 mm length and 1 mm pixel pitch was developed by IBA Dosimetry. Measurements were carried out for 6MV and 15MV photons on two commercial different linacs (TrueBeam and Clinac iX, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) and for a CyberKnife G4 (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). The 1D array was used to measure output factors (OF), profiles and off axis correction factors (OACF) for the Iris CyberKnife variable collimator (5–60 mm). In addition, dose profiles (at the isocenter plane) were measured for multiple IMRT and SBRT treatment plans and compared with those obtained using EDR2radiographic film (Carestream Health, Rochester NY), a commercial 2D diode array and with the dose distribution calculated using a commercial TPS (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Results: Due to the small pixel pitch of the detector, IMRT and SBRT plan profiles deviate from film measurements by less than 2%. Similarly, the 1D array exhibits better performance than the 2D diode array due to the larger (7 mm) pitch of that device. Iris collimator OFs measured using the 1D silicon array are in good agreement with the commissioning values obtained using a commercial stereotactic diode as well as with published data. Maximum deviations are < 3% for the smallest field (5 and 7.5mm) and below 1% for all other dimensions. Conclusion: We have demonstrated good performances of the array for commissioning of small photon fields and in patient QA, compared with diodes and film typically used in these clinical applications. The technology compares favorably with existing commercial solutions The presenting author is founded by a Marie Curie Early Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Communitys Seventh Framework Programme under contract number (PITN-GA-2011-289198-ARDENT). The research activity is hosted by IBA Dosimetry, Gmbh.


Abstract In this paper, techniques based on Carleman linearization are presented which are applicable to the design of controllers and state estimators for nonlinear dynamical systems. Originally, Carleman linearization has been developed to transform sets of polynomial ordinary differential equations into infinite dimensional linear system representations. After choosing suitable finite orders for truncation of Carleman linearization, finite dimensional linear and bilinear system representations are obtained for which the design of controllers and state estimators can be performed in a straightforward way. To visualize the practical applicability of the presented procedures, state as well as disturbance estimation for a linear axis driven by pneumatic muscle actuators is studied.


................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ..................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. xiv Dedication ............................................................................................................................. xvi Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1
   Chromatin Structure and Architecture ......................................................................... 2 1.2
   Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ....................................................................... 4 1.3
   Nucleosome Positioning .............................................................................................. 6 1.4
   Chromatin Modifications ............................................................................................. 8 1.4.1
   Post-translational addition of chemical groups ..................................................... 9 1.4.2
   ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes ............................................. 11 1.4.3
   Histone variants .................................................................................................. 12 1.4.4
   DNA methylation ................................................................................................ 13 1.5
   Histone Variant H2A.Z .............................................................................................. 13 1.5.1
   H2A.Z and transcription ..................................................................................... 15 1.5.2
   Role of H2A.Z in DNA replication and repair ................................................... 19 1.5.3
   H2A.Z post-translational modifications .............................................................. 19


Abstract:Hoosier journalist and author John Bartlow Martin played an important role as advance campaign staff and speechwriter in several post-World War II Democratic presidential campaigns, including those of Adlai Stevenson, John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Hubert Humphrey, and George McGovern. Historian Ray E. Boomhower, Martin's biographer, focuses here on Martin's role in the campaign of Vice President and Democratic presidential nominee Hubert Humphrey. Martin's private notes and memos offer perspective on the tumultuous Chicago convention of August 1968, President Lyndon Johnson's complicated role in that convention, and the considerable limitations faced by Humphrey and his campaign staff. Boomhower also offers perspective on the life and work of a significant figure in Democratic Party politics for more than three decades.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopes supple of lens of lithotrity (URSf), ureter forcedly of lens of lithotrity (URSnf), laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and to explore the best methods and indications for treating the complex upper urinary tract calculi.

METHODS
The distribution of cases was as follows: URSnf (n = 869), URSf (n = 56), MPCNL (n = 57), laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 9) and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 80).

RESULTS
A successful outcome was obtained in URSnf (n = 856), URSf (n = 51), MPCNL (n = 46), laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 9) and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (n = 75). And the success rate was 98.50%, 91.07%, 80.70%, 100% and 93.75% respectively. Five cases (0.47%) failed and there were not severe complication in all surgery groups.

CONCLUSION
If a good indication of each approach is mastered, 5 minimally invasive are relatively safe and highly effective for most patients with complex upper urinary tract calculi.


Background and Objective: To predict the epidemic of COVID-19 based on quarantined surveillance from real world in China by modified SEIR model different from the previous simply mathematical model. Design and Methods: We forecasted the epidemic of COVID-19 based on current clinical and epidemiological data and built a modified SEIR model to consider both the infectivity during incubation period and the influence on the epidemic from strict quarantined measures. Results: The peak time of the curve for the infected newly diagnosed as COVID-19 should substantially present on Feb.5,2020(in non-Hubei areas) and Feb.19,2020(in Hubei. It is estimated that the peak of the curve of the cumulative confirmed cases will appear in non-Hubei areas on Mar.3,2020 and in Hubei province on Mar.10,2020,and the total number of the patients diagnosed as COVID-19 is 18,000 in non-Hubei areas and 78,000-96,000 in Hubei.The Chinese COVID-19 epidemic can be completely controlled in May,2020. Conclusions: COVID-19 is only a local outbreak in Hubei Province,China.It can be probably avoided the pandemic of global SARS-CoV-2 cases rise with the great efforts by Chinese government and its people.


One of the most powerful trends within contemporary American higher education is the movement towards greater student and faculty involvement in communitybased planning and development efforts in low-income communities. The recent growth in what Ernest Boyer described as the ''scholarship of engagement'' began in the early 1980s as poverty rates began to rise in many of our central cities in the wake of long-term deindustrialisation, suburbanisation, and disinvestment. The social problems caused by these economic trends were compounded by the devolution of responsibility for many health, education, and welfare programs by the federal government and by significant reductions in intergovernmental transfer payments carried out by the Reagan Administration. University students and faculty aware of the escalating fiscal crisis confronted by local social service agencies as they struggled to assist growing numbers of low-income families, in an increasingly lean funding environment, volunteered to support the direct service and issues advocacy efforts of these organisations. These campus-based community service efforts received a significant boost in 1984 when Wayne Meisel, a Harvard undergraduate who had been volunteering at a Cambridge, MA community center, decided to undertake a 'Call to Action' walk. During a 1500-mile trek that began in Maine and ended in Washington, DC, Meisel visited 70 colleges and universities to encourage students to become involved in social justice work in their communities. The Campus Outreach Opportunity League (COOL), a national student organisation committed to expanding and strengthening the campus-based and student-led community service programs in economically distressed communities, emerged from this effort. In 1985, the presidents of Brown, Georgetown, and Stanford universities came together to lend their support to the growing community service movement taking place on campuses by forming the Campus Compact, a national organisation of college and university presidents dedicated to advancing the civic purposes of higher education


This paper presents a localized crowd-sourced multimedia production and distribution workflow to enable today's mobile producers of multimedia content to serve their content in real-time to other users, who may be both located nearby or remote to the producers, while at the same time drastically reducing the bandwidth utilization, both in uplink and downlink, as compared to traditional crowd-sourced multimedia production and distribution services. To achieve this, we created a modular framework for many-to-many live production and distribution and deployed it within the media delivery platform developed in the FLAME project [3]. The FLAME platform provides low latency distributed computing as well as a 5G-enabled programmable infrastructure. During the demo, participants will be given the opportunity to test out our workflow, which will run on a locally deployed version of the FLAME platform, and get a preview of the large scale experiments that we will perform during two public events in Bristol, UK, where the FLAME platform is rolled out.


Abstract — Supply chain management has been widely used to deliver the products and services to end customers , which mainly effects on costumers decision. This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality on purchasing decisions partially, promotion on purchasing decisions partially, and product quality and promotion on purchasing decisions simultaneously case study Botol Sosro tea product at Giant Mall Permata Tangerang. Data collections and information are taken from populations that are the object of the research or draw samples from existing populations by using the questionnaire. The respondents who will be observed with the Slovin formula are 100 respondents. Quantitative analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis, followed by a determination analysis (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t - test) and simultaneous (F test) with alpha 5 percent (0.05). Analysis tool uses SPSS version 23.0 for windows. The findings showed that product quality affects purchase decision partially, promotion affects purchase decisions partially, and product quality and promotion together affect purchase decision Botol Sosro tea product at Giant Mall Permata Tangerang simultaneously.


On Friday, March 21, 2003, the Payment Cards Center of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia hosted a one-day symposium on financial privacy entitled "Financial Privacy: Perspectives from the Payment Cards Industry." The Center invited legal scholars, federal banking regulators, and privacy officers from the largest credit card issuers and information providers in the U.S. to discuss the key privacy issues facing the industry


Title of the paper: Estimation of genetic parameters for test day results of milk performance in East Friesian milk sheep using Bayesian methods for longitudinal data The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of milk performance traits in East Friesian milk sheep by using test day models with random regresssion. The analysis was based on 7545 test day records of 918 East Friesian milk sheep with 1380 lactation records. The data were provided by the sheep breeding organizations of Lower-Saxony, Westphalia, and Bavaria. The milk recordings were collected in the years 1992 to 2000. The average values of the heritability estimates by using random regression models were for the milk yield h = 0.25 ± 0.03, for the fat content h = 0.46 ± 0.09, and for the protein content h = 0.63 ± 0.12. The range of heritability estimates in dependence of the days in milk was for milk yield h = 0.03 to 0.70, for fat content h = 0.30 to 0.70, and for protein content h = 0.44 to 0.92.


The photocarrier dynamics in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown single- (SLQD) and multi-layered (MLQD) InAs/GaAs quantum dots were studied. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has shown that the MLQD has more uniform QD size distribution as compared to the bimodal SLQD. Correlation between PL and THz-TDS has shown that photocarrier transport is more favored in the MLQD owing to this uniform QD size distribution, resulting to higher THz emission. The THz emission from the QD samples were found to be proportional to temperature. A drift-related photocarrier transport mechanism is proposed, wherein photocarriers generated in the QDs are accelerated by an interface electric field.


have acquired this shape by any known pathological process. If it were not that no reference can be found to any such human variation of the appendix, in either disease or health, one would be Inclined to class It among the multifarlous forms in lower animals, where In a monkey, an anteater, and some birds, the appendix has thlis actual shape (Howard A. Kelly). As regards the personal history of this patient, the only facts I could elicit were that be had bren a large eater, and only slightly affected with constipation, If noticeably at all. From the first notice of disease to the day of operation only nine or ten days had elapsed, and he had never before been similarly affected. If this strange appendix bad ever been highly charged with morbid products, there was no lack of room for their admission lnto the caecum by the fairly wide passage between the two; but the absence of mucous membrane over such an extent would seem to have permitted the absorption by imbibition of toxic products, accounting for the fever, pain, and inflammation. My friend, Dr. 0. T. Williams of Liverpool, bas for some time past been engaged in a special study of the pathology and chemistry of appendicitis and miucous colitis, and finds the present case and specimen an apt Illustration of some of his conclusions. For a detailed account of his studies I may refer to the BRITISH MEDIOAL JOURNAL Of July 27th and August 17th, 1907, and to the Bioe7oemiiad Toursal, vol. ii, No. 9; but I here add an epitome of the same, written for me by himself, with his description and criticism of my specimen:


Pain derived from musculoskeletal disorders play a major role in the health profile of the general population. Especially osteoporotic state itself can generate pain, called osteoporotic pain. One mechanism for that pain includes increased expression of an inflammatory pain–related biomarker, calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) innervating osteo porotic vertebrae in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, that induces susceptibil-ity to pain. Also the involve ment of neuropathic pain was revealed using a mechan ically compressed coccygeal vertebrae model in OVX rats to evaluate the effect of longitudinal gravity, which contains a factor of mechanical injury induced by the compression axial stress itself. These findings demonstrate that the osteoporotic state itself can generate pain under conditions susceptible to compression stress of axial loading in addition to the neural alteration in sensory innervation. Osteoporosis treatment predominantly aims to increase the bone mineral density (BMD) of patients in order to prevent possible fragile fractures, that sometimes leads to a critical condition or result in a poor quality of life. In addition to the enhancement in BMD, some basic researches have shown the evidences of pharmacological or non–pharmacological treatment strategies to relieve the osteoporotic pain. Physicians should always keep these matters in mind in treating osteoporotic pain patients.


The article deals with the theory of gender performativity by J. Butler in respect to gender leadership. The interpretation of this phenomenon offered by Guy Debord shows the results and stereotypes aimed at undermining the female potential of leadership. Gender inequality is particularly striking in the areas of business, management, and security and militarily services. Despite the fact that many media workers are women, most of them are against the ideas of equality, cooperation and integration. These and other problems are expressed by different viewpoints by both academics and prominent politicians. They stress that women's access to key positions in companies, the management hierarchy, and the government of the country should be changed. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered, like «who is the 'real' democratic leader?»; «what characteristics do women leaders distinguish?»; «why is neither the neoliberal capitalist nor liberal social ideal adequate but functioning nowhere?» During the time of Ukrainian independence, these issues have not been resolved yet. At the same time, the comparison of the share of women in the total share of employers in different countries of the world shows that their share is increasing (for example, in Ukraine, this share is 31—40%). We conducted a study on the effectiveness of women's labor in different countries. The figures are based on the share of female workers in the total structure of workers and the income generated by one woman on average. In the context of, for example, the Ukrainian economy, these indicators have declined substantially in 2008—2018, against the backdrop of a global upward trend in these indicators. Compared to Singapore, the gap between the revenue index increased by 33.4% in 2008—2018. Of all the countries cited, the worst income growth results are only in Ukraine. At the same time, the labor market of Ukraine has the following characteristics: employment of women in managerial positions in 2017 is 41.1%; the employment rate of middle and upper management women is 42.4% in 2016; the share of women in the total number of employers in 1991 was 33.1%, and in 2018 — 36.92%. Thus, gender leadership in the media sphere in Ukraine shows discrimination against women and demonstrates the impossibility of productive and effective work as a manager. However, gradually these issues will, in the context of the proposed solution, be comprehensive and will change the relationships within such companies for the better.


The main trends in development of mobile space communication in Russia are reflected in the Report. The basic performance characteristics of Russian satellites being dewloped and conceptis of organization of the mobile space communication in Russia are adduced. B nowane oTpameHM TeHaeHwM P ~ ~ B H T M R nonewzioh cnyrtiMKosoA C B R ~ M B POCCMM. npweenetw OcHoBHbie TextiwecKMe XapaKTePMcTMKw pa3pa6a~tmae~bix poccnRc~~x CnyTHMKOB M npMHwnw 0 p r a ~ ~ 3 a w ~ noAeMmtioA C B R ~ M B POCCMM. The main trends in development of mobile space communication in Russia are reflected in the Report. The basic performance characteristics of Russian satelites being developed and concepts of organisation of the mobile space commullication in Russia are adduced. Introduction The main trends and directions in the development of mobile satellite communication (MSS) in Russia are reflected in the Federal Space Program for the period of 1994-2000 (Federal Program), approved by the Government of Russia in December 1993. The start of creation of mobile means for satellite communication in the USSR and Russia was initiated in late 1970 by the launch of Horizont satellite, at which the C/L-band transponder was installed. The "Okean" system, that incorporates the Center of sateliite communication and about 9 0 0 ship subscriber stations "Volna'C", of the type


Abstract At least two pheromones exist in female house mouse urine that elicit 70-kHz ultrasonic mating vocalizations from males: (1) a potent albeit ephemeral pheromone found in freshly voided urine which disappears within 15-18 h and (2) a more persistent, but less potent pheromone that remains for at least 30 days. Three experiments examined whether male responsiveness to the ephemeral pheromone and its loss in aged urine were due to volatility or oxidation. Experiment 1 demonstrated that both sexually experienced and inexperienced males must physically contact fresh urine before vocalizing. Experiment 2 indicated that storing freshly voided urine in an air-tight syringe does not attenuate the loss of the ephemeral pheromone. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the loss of activity of the ephemeral pheromone can be prevented with either β-mercaptoethanol or dithiotreitol. Thus, the ephemeral pheromone is non-volatile and appears to be degraded by oxidation.


A theory of multispectral restoration is applied to the development of a fast approximate procedure for restoration of conventional color photography.


"Acinetobacter baumannii" usually contaminates the hospital environment as well as the hands and clothes of healthcare workers. In addition, it can accidentally result in an outbreak of infection. The current clinical practice for patients with carbapenem-resistant "A. baumannii" (CRAB) is care in an isolation room with screening, which is continued until the screening results become negative. However, at present, no consensus has been reached regarding the most suitable screening method. In this study, we reviewed the records of 127 in-patients who underwent clinical specimen isolation for CRAB at the Chia-Yi Christian Hospital during 2010-2011. The assessment of the initial screening results revealed that the positive rate for nasal cavity swabs was significantly higher than that for anal swabs (61.4% and 20.5%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Therefore, to reduce screening costs and laboratory effort, it was suggested that the original infection site as well as anal and nasal cavities be tested only during the initial screening. If the results of the initial anal cavity screening were negative, it was not subsequently screened; only the nasal cavity and the original infected sites were tested further. Furthermore, isolation measures were discontinued when the results of 2 consecutive screenings of these 2 sites were negative.


Abstract Background: A systematic analysis of clinical and pathologic patterns of childhood 'sporadic' thyroid carcinoma in Belarus in the absence of the "Chernobyl radioiodine factor" has never been performed before. The aim of this study was to establish the main 'sporadic' PTC essentials in Belarusian children and adolescents, and relationship of tumor pathology with extrathyroid extension and lymph node metastases. Methods: This was a retrospective population-based study with assessment of histological samples of 119 cases of thyroid cancer in Belarusian children and adolescents of 0-18 years old registered during 2005-2008 years. Sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma was established in 94 unexposed children, none had a follicular thyroid cancer. Results: The incidence rate of PTC was 1.13 per 100 000, median age at diagnosis was 15.1 years with 4-fold predominance of females. Relapse was detected in 2% of cases with median follow-up 4.2 years. Median tumor size was 12 mm, total number of PTC cases with multifocal growth was 3%. Classical variant of PTC was registered in 46%, follicular in 20%, tall cell in 12% of cases. Percentages of rare types of PTC (tall cell and diffuse sclerosing) were equal to solid PTC (13%, 12% and 10%, respectively). Adolescents had a pure papillary carcinoma more often comparing to children who represented tumors with mixed papillary/follicular patterns more frequently (p<0.05). Two of third PTC cases had regional lymph nodes metastases. Extrathyroid extension (ETE) was established in 39 of 74 patients in whom ETE could be assessed by morphology. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphatic invasion was the strongest independent factor associated with both extrathyroid extension (p<0.0001) and lymph nodes metastases (p<0.0001). Conclusion: In 2005-2008, sporadic thyroid cancer in children of Belarus was represented by high prevalence of PTC and absence of follicular thyroid cancer. Sporadic PTC in Belarus displayed lower tumor size, small number of cases with multifocal growth, equal number of rare types and solid PTC, prevalence of pure papillary variant in adolescents, and a low frequency of early relapses. High frequency of ETE and lymph nodes metastases was detected, and the strongest morphology factor associated with both of them was lymphatic invasion.


: In this paper, some new oscillation criteria for a class of fractional dynamic equations with damping term on time scales are established by use of the properties of fractional calculus and generalized Riccati transformation technique, where the fractional derivative is defined in the sense of the conformable fractional derivative. Oscillation criteria for corresponding dynamic equations on time scales involving integer order derivative are special cases of the present results.


In this paper, we present a study of the magnetic coupling and magnetoresistance (MR) properties in Fe/Si1-xAgx multilayers with a granular Si1-xAgx spacer layer. We have found that, with increasing silver content (x) in a silicon matrix, the magnetic state of multilayers changes from a nonmagnetic coupling state to weak antiferromagnetic around the percolation point of the ~2.4 nm thick spacer Si1-xAgx. The MR measurements also reveal an abrupt increase of MR near the same percolation point. These changes are ascribed to the formation of the percolation path in the granular spacer.


In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of complex balanced single-substrate single-product (SS) chemical reaction networks governed by mass-action kinetics with a carefully chosen set of boundary species fixed at constant concentrations. The remaining species of the reaction networks are allowed to have constant influx and/or proportional efflux. We show that such a network has a unique equilibrium concentration vector in the positive orthant and it is asymptotically stable. Using the maximum modulus principle for graphs, we provide bounds for this equilibrium.


Multiple studies show how dendrites might extend some neurons' computational capacity. Past works most often focus on pyramidal cells which have an extended dendritic tree where voltage can vary independently; pyramidal neurons' dendrites emit local spikes turning dendritic branches into local non-linear subunits. However, these studies leave a large fraction of the nervous system unexplored. Here, we study a neuron with a modest dendritic and non-spiking dendrites. Granule cells' dendrites do not spike and these cells' membrane voltage remain constant over the neuron. This study uses a conjunction of Boolean algebra and biophysical modelling to predict that Granule cells can perform linearly non-separable computations. In a previous study, we found a linearly non-separable Boolean function possible to implement without dendritic spikes, we coined this computation the feature binding problem. In the present work, we use the intrinsic saturation of synaptic conductance to implement this computation in a biophysical model. An integrate and fire, cannot perform such type of computations. Confirming our prediction would change how we understand the nervous system.


Keratin, a natural fibrous structural protein that can be found in hair and skin, can self-assemble or be crosslinked into hydrogels that are physiologically biodegradable and provide adequate cell support. We have formulated a keratin-based photocrosslinkable resin that can be used to cast or 3D print keratin under an ultra-violet (UV) light source. The resin was used to produce keratin hydrogels, assessing how the amount of energy projected during curing (4 to 200 mJ/mm3) defines the network's crosslinking degree, and thus the system's physicochemical properties. The energy density was proven to regulate the dityrosine chemical reaction needed to crosslink keratin, and it determines the extent to which the hydrogel network crosslinks. As expected it follows a saturation trend, limited by the amount of tyrosine available in keratin. The crosslinking degree, and its saturation nature, determines microstructural properties of the hydrogel, including swelling capacity and degradation trends. The relation between energy density and crosslinking degree was further elucidated with the differences observed in both the thermal degradation profiles (using DSC) and the infrared profiles (using FTIR). Understanding the effects of energy density on the creation of the crosslinked network allowed us to further optimize printing parameters, particularly UV intensity, of the photo-sensitive resin in a cDLP 3D printing system.


In this paper we explore storytelling tools for runners. We believe sharing third person 360-degree live-streams and stories while running can be a motivational factor to get people more active. To this end, we conducted a couple of initial user tests, exploring if live-streaming runs on popular streaming sites can be engaging for the audience. To make the streams more immersive, we experiment with 360 degree and third person view. We present and evaluate an initial hardware setup for 360-degree video streaming running stories.


Soil erosion is an environmental problem that occurs in many parts of the world because it involves ecological, social and economic aspects. Kikim sub-watershed is part of the Musi river area, most of the topographic conditions are flat slopes (54.64%), steep slopes with a total percentage of 12.81%. Meanwhile, hydrological conditions have a maximum daily rainfall with a high category so that the potential for erosion and flooding is very high. The purpose of this study was to identify soil erosion vulnerability based on morphometric parameters. The research data used DEM-SRTM 30 meters and then extracted into a map of the sub-watershed and river networks to calculate morphometric parameters. The method used was the weighted sum analysis (WSA) with a GIS application approach. The DEM data excavation found 11 (eleven) sub-watersheds with an area ranging from 81.26 km2 to 220.50 km2, and the total length of the river was 2221.24 km. Based on the weighted results of the WSA method, two sub-watersheds (SB3 and SB7) had very high soil erosion vulnerability, moderate soil erosion vulnerability in SB1, SB2, SB4, SB8, SB10, and SB11. Furthermore, the low soil erosion vulnerability (SB9), and very low soil erosion vulnerability were at SB5 and SB6. The results of this study could be used for conservation zone planning to control soil erosion.


Abstract : A method is presented of simulating a class of nonstationary Gaussian random processes by passing a Gaussian white noise through a system introducing desirable nonstationarity at some phase of simulation. The method might have wide applications in stochastic mechanics such as in analysis of aircraft structures subjected to severe, random aerodynamic loading and in earthquake engineering. The relation between the proposed nonstationary Gaussian process and the filtered Poisson process is discussed in detail. Examples show that, if the convolution integrals, involved in general in the expressions for the output of the system and also for the output of the structure, can be avoided by particular choice of the impulse response functions of the system and the structure, then a set of numerical simulations of the nonstationary process and the structural response can be performed on an IBM 7090 within a period of approximately 30 sec. (Author)


The time‐dependent Schrodinger equation for the collinear collision of an atom with a diatomic molecule is solved numerically after the manner of McCullough and Wyatt. The binding potential is taken to be a truncated square well and the interaction is impulsive (hard sphere). For the case in which all three masses are equal final relative momentum distributions and dissociation probabilities are obtained as a function of both the initial relative kinetic energy and the initial vibrational level. For purposes of comparison quasiclassical trajectory analyses of the same cases were performed. Quantum effects on collision‐induced dissociation (CID) are seen to be important for this model. A very notable characteristic of the model, observed in both the quantum and classical results, yet not in most experimental results, is that CID is severely vibrationally inhibited, i.e., the probability of CID decreases as the initial vibrational quantum number increases at a fixed total collision energy. Probable causes o...


In the past, China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam together formed a "Confucian Cultural Sphere." In addition, because of the immigration of the Chinese, Confucian culture constitutes an essential part of the cultures of Singapore and Malaysia. Although the modern fate of Confucian traditions in these countries has been somewhat different, they were faced with common problems, such as the challenge from the West, the pursuit of modernization, and the collapse of traditional systems, among others. The most significant commonality was, perhaps, the eclipse of Confucianism as a national ideology. This paper will argue that after East Asia's entry into the modern world, the restoration of Confucian traditions to the status of national ideology, as Jiang Qing wishes, is impossible. Nevertheless, Confucian traditions can still function as one of the main resources for cultural "Bildung." Moreover, Confucianism should not retreat into the realm of "inner sagehood (nei sheng )," as Yu Ying-shih (Yu Yingshi ) suggests, since Confucianism is characterized by the connectedness of "inner sagehood" and "outer kingliness (wai wang )." In the 21st century, Confucianism should develop a modern system of ethics as well as theories of cultural, political, and social criticism.


Abstract. Historical marine ecology provides information on past ocean conditions and community structure that can inform current conservation and management. In an era of rapid global ocean changes, it is critical that managers and scientists ensure sufficient documentation of past and present conditions of resources they manage or study. Documenting, archiving, and preserving historic and contemporary data will provide their colleagues in the future with more information to make robust science-based management decisions. Using a workshop approach, we identified research and archiving priorities to enhance documentation of the past and present conditions of coastal and marine ecosystems of the northern Channel Islands in California. We identified a variety of historical data types (e.g., archeological data, oral histories, environmental records, imagery) that should be preserved and analyzed to better understand past coastal and marine ecosystems around the northern Channel Islands. Continuing with long-term monitoring programs is also important for establishing baselines to inform contemporary management decisions and compare with future conditions. Herein, we underscore the role that individual scientists and managers working in the northern Channel Islands must play in documenting their work, archiving data, and preserving specimens in museums and institutions. Our case study for the northern Channel Islands provides a guide for how scientists should be documenting past and present conditions for marine resources around the world. Robust documentation of such conditions will give future scientists, managers, and other stakeholders the information needed to navigate what are sure to be increasingly complex management challenges.


Abstract : Articles in this issue: Reducing Aircraft Combat Casualties; The JASPO Casualty Assessment Initiative; Full Spectrum Crashworthiness Criteria; Crashworthiness--An Army Science and Technology Perspective; DESCENT's Contribution to Rotorcraft Vulnerability Analysis; Excellence in Survivability--Charles E. Frankenberger III; Methodology for Assessing Tri-Service Personnel Casualties; Surviving an Aircraft Crash with Airbag Restraints; Pioneer in Survivability--Walter S. Thompson III


PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT) ferroelectric micro-tubes were fabricated by chemical solution infiltration of porous Si templates.The perovskite phase of micro-tubes was proved by X-ray diffraction.The microstructure of PZT tubes was investigated by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and atom force microscopy(AFM).The result showed that the diameters of tubes are different.Domain of tubes was imaged by piezoresponse force microscopy(PFM),and the local hysteresis loops were measured using the same equipment.


Three types of polyimides (PIs) with different structures and fluorine contents were prepared via a simple two-step method. The PI precursors, poly(amid acid)s (PAAs), were first synthesized from ring-opening polyaddition, then, the PAA films were subjected to thermal imidization. The chemical and the optical properties of the polyimides were investigated and compared. The result showed that all of the polyimides had good thermal stability. The refractive index of the fluorinated polyimide was lower than that of the common polyimide and could be controlled by adjusting the fluorine content in the structure. The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficient (d33) for the PMDA/ODA polyimide (PMDA = pyromellitic dianhydride and ODA = 4,4'-diamino diphenyl ether) was 10.69 × 10−9 esu at 1064 nm and could be increased to 24.55 × 10−9 esu by doping with a small amount of perylene dianhydride. The optical loss for the PMDA/ODA film and for the 6FDA/ODA film were 0.326 dB/cm and 0.102 dB/cm respectively at 650 nm. Due to many attractive properties mentioned above, polyimide-based materials are expected to have potential applications in the field of organic optical waveguides.


A study was conducted to estimate the extent of heterosis for yield and its quality traits in 56F1s developed from 16 diverse parents by partial diallel mating design in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experimental material comprised of 56 F1 crosses along with their 16 parents conducted at three different environments. Economic heterosis on pooled basis ranged from −8.32 to 35.42 percent for grain yield, −4.12 to 20.77 percent for protein content, 3.61 to 30.12 percent for tryptophan content, −20.65 to 37.93 percent for seed hardness and −12.98 to 22.64 percent for 100 grain weight. Among them two crosses K7827/K7503 and K7229/K7503 showed positive and significant response for grain yield at all the locations.


Objective Long problem lists can be challenging to use. Reorganisation of the problem list by organ system is a strategy for making long problem lists more manageable. Methods In a small-town primary care setting, we examined 4950 unique problem lists over 5 years (24 033 total problems and 2170 unique problems) from our electronic health record. All problems were mapped to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) and SNOMED CT codes. We developed two different algorithms for reorganising the problem list by organ system based on either the ICD-10-CM or the SNOMED CT code. Results The mean problem list length was 4.9±4.6 problems. The two reorganisation algorithms allocated problems to one of 15 different categories (12 aligning with organ systems). 26.2% of problems were assigned to a more general category of 'signs and symptoms' that did not correspond to a single organ system. The two algorithms were concordant in allocation by organ system for 90% of the unique problems. Since ICD-10-CM is a monohierarchic classification system, problems coded by ICD-10-CM were assigned to a single category. Since SNOMED CT is a polyhierarchical ontology, 19.4% of problems coded by SNOMED CT were assigned to multiple categories. Conclusion Reorganisation of the problem list by organ system is feasible using algorithms based on either ICD-10-CM or SNOMED CT codes, and the two algorithms are highly concordant.


The article analyzes the issue of artistic reflection upon esthetic comprehension of Baikal image in literature in the frame of interrelation of such knowledge branches as esthetics of nature and environmental ethics. A creative personality at Baikal is presented as a type of the national world picture of the Eurasian model.


Mechanically robust turbine design with respect to blade vibration is challenging when dealing with nozzle-ring fouling and wear. Especially for engines operating with heavy fuel oil (HFO), the nozzle rings of the turbocharger turbines are prone to severe degradation in terms of contamination with unburned fuel deposits. This contamination will lead to an increased excitation of blade resonances in comparison to the nominal design. Due to the statistical character of contamination, long-term monitoring of blade vibration amplitudes would be beneficial. In the harsh environment of HFO operation, however, conventional blade vibration measurement techniques, such as those using strain gauges or blade tip timing, cannot work reliably for a long period. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop a method that enables the monitoring of turbine blades using pulsation or vibration sensors installed on the stator side. Almost a dozen turbines, both radial and axial, have been examined in order to determine a proper measurement chain/position and analytical method. Even though the challenges specific to the turbocharger turbine application—that high-frequency (up to 50 kHz) acoustic radiation from turbine blades has to be detected by a sensor on the stator side—were demanding, in the course of the investigations several clear examples of turbine blades engine-order resonance detection were gathered. Finally, the proposed method has been tested successfully in a power plant for over one year.


There is much variation in the provision of dialysis access in the UK. To address this, a multiprofessional vascular access special interest group was formed to raise awareness and encourage implementation of clinical guidelines, and share good practice. Mick Kumwenda, Catherine Fielding and Alayne Gagen discuss the findings of the group's survey of haemodialysis vascular access services.


ABSTRACT In this article, we use critical policy analysis to explore how Nordic national policies express the purposes and positions of civil society organizations (CSOs) in efforts to prevent violent extremism (PVE). Furthermore, we analyze how the problem of extremism is constituted by this involvement. While the paper finds that CSOs are positioned as important actors, much due to their autonomous character and their legitimacy among target groups, the purposes and measures suggested in policy may harm their voluntary character. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the problem with extremism is mainly placed within the realms of religious communities and thereby runs the risk of (re)producing ideas of Islam as an extreme, anti-democratic religion. In extension, the well-intended involvement of CSOs in policy to prevent violent extremism might, in its current form, jeopardize the democratic rights of freedom of organization and freedom of speech and religion.


The transmission theory of a novel double ring reducer was analyzed.By analyzing the assembly conditions,the selection condition of the teeth number of transmission gear in the reducer was presented.Effects of gear manufacturing errors on were analyzed,and its mathematical model has been deducted,having laid a good foundation for the future wide application.


Due to its close relationship with politics,the documents of Chenwei had bee n forbidden and destroyed for many times since they appeared as books.And there was little left after the Sui and Tang Dynasties.However,with the help of the an notations and citations in the classics and diligent compilation by the scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Neoteric Times,a plenty of documents of Chenwei could be acquired again.And these are of great help for us.


In the longest and largest cohort study of delirium patients to date Leighton et al report that onethird of people aged over 65 diagnosed with delirium in hospital will develop dementia, and another half will be dead, within 5 years. Inherent in the use of preexisting data to establish a cohort of participants without a diagnosis of dementia, especially as far back as 1996, is the risk of including people with undiagnosed dementia. It is likely that a sizeable proportion of older people diagnosed with delirium in hospital has undiagnosed dementia. This is supported by the fact that 9% were diagnosed with dementia in the first 6 months after their hospitalbased delirium diagnosis, which implies a likely dementia at the time of their delirium. The second risk to bear in mind regards underrepresentation of delirium from hospitalcoded data. Another UKbased study from this era showed sensitivity of delirium coding to be 13% in 2010, rising to 60% in 2018 after a Trustwide multicomponent intervention. Even allowing for the increase in older and/or comorbid populations, it is likely that the increase in delirium incidence over time, shown by the authors in their figure 2, represents at least in part an increase in delirium recognition and recording rather than true incidence. This does perhaps mitigate the absence of a control group as when delirium ascertainment was less accurate any control group may have included many people with delirium and delirium symptoms. The temporal increase in delirium incidence also means that most participants were recruited in recent years. Taken with the high proportions of participants dead or having dementia at 5 years, this informs future similar work by showing that a shorter timeframe, which might facilitate study of an epoch with uniform delirium detection rates, could be suffice to study outcomes of interest, at least in targeted populations. The reported frequency of subsequent death and dementia is in keeping with evidence for older acute medicine and hip fracture populations; 4 however, they would be surprising outcomes for an elective surgical population, for example. Future studies, therefore, need to consider both patient and precipitant factors if studies of delirium sequelae are to guide appropriate intervention studies. That 80% of people average age 82.3 years with delirium in hospital will be dead or have dementia within 5 years suggests that the closer followup and proactive screening the authors suggest may facilitate appropriate treatments and services rather than dementia prevention. Given the attention paid to deprivation as a covariate, it is worth considering whether people from more deprived areas were more likely to have an undiagnosed dementia prior to their delirium, with their secondary care encounter then prompting subsequent dementia diagnosis. The results of this cohort study reinforce existing evidence of an association between delirium in hospitalised patients and subsequent dementia. While prevention and prompt diagnosis of delirium and addressing of underlying causes is good practice, more evidence is required to support these interventions for dementia prevention. It remains, as the authors outline, 'unclear whether delirium is a marker or accelerant of neurodegeneration' or indeed what if any independent effect the precipitants of delirium—be they infection, anaesthesia, surgery or other—have on subsequent biological and clinical trajectories. The authors of this large and long study show that onethird of older people with delirium in hospital will develop dementia within 5 years. As they acknowledge, more work is needed to establish why this is and what can be done to improve the shortterm distress of delirium and longterm tragedy of dementia.


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In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of single, well-educated, professional women in China, a societal issue which has come to be known as the phenomenon of "leftover" women. Sandy To's China's Leftover Women: Late Marriage among Professional Women and its Consequences is a valuable and timely contribution to provide both scholars and the general public with an understanding of this phenomenon. Through interviews conducted with over 50 never-married elite women in Shanghai from December 2008 to January 2011, To reveals that the root cause of the phenomenon of "leftover" women can be attributed to patriarchal constraints in Chinese society. She acknowledges "leftover" women's agency and illustrates that women are adopting a variety of strategies to combat discrimination by men for their achievements and their partners' control over their work-life choices. To's research goes a step further from Leta Hong Fincher's Leftover Women: the Resurgence of Gender Inequality in China published in 2014. While Fincher's book accuses the state and its media of stigmatizing "leftover" women and pressuring these women to rush into marriage regardless of their best interests (Fincher, 2014), To's book focuses mainly on single women's agency and strategies in looking for marriage partners under pressure from the state, society and their families. Although To agrees with Fincher that the state takes a leading role in this media campaign to put a stop to single women's delay in marrying for the sake of maintaining social stability and population control, she does not consider this as the primary force in intimidating single women into marriage. She argues that the media campaign can only have minimal effect unless it targets the root


Background and Aims: It is well known that contact with some physical, chemical or biological compounds can increase the risk of incidence of mutation. Among these compounds, are pharmaceuticals that meet long duration of use and potentially could be misused and taken more than the ordered dose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic effect of methadone in addicted patients referring to Imam Khomaini hospital in Ahvaz by single cell gel electrophoresis technic or comet assay. Methods: In this study healthy volunteers and addicted patients (test) were evaluated. Screening was done according to questionnaire and qualified subjects were entered the study. Subsequently, blood samples were collected and lymphocytes were isolated, mixed with low melting point agarose and slides were prepared according to standard method. Slides then analyzed using fluorescence microscope and comet patterns were evaluated. Results: Results indicated that mutagenicity index in addicted group was robustly (P< 0.0001) higher than healthy volunteers. Fortunately, this significant difference was lower than positive control. Conclusions: Genome instability in addicted patients was demonstrated in this study. Controversially, considering incoherent results of previous studies and our data, more studies in longer duration of methadone use are needed to elucidate the consequence.


Essential oils are gaining attention from the academic and industrial communities due to numerous biological activities and a broad spectrum of applications. With the arrival of the "green era", there was a need to reduce the production of waste materials and to make better use of natural resources. Due to the ever-increasing market of functional foods, the search for new natural, bioactive components is a hot topic on which a lot of research effort is being focused currently and biorefinery has recently emerged as a promising approach which could lead towards a sustainable concept of production. Therefore, the aim of this work was the valorization of sage herbal dust which is being generated as a by-product from filter tea factories. Conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) were applied for the essential oil recovery. The influence of heating (205 and 410 W) and microwave irradiation (90, 180, 360, 600 and 800 W) power on distillation kinetics and the chemical profile of the essential oils was evaluated. Empirical mathematical models were used for the modeling of process kinetics. The chemical profile was evaluated by HPTLC and GC-MS and monoterpenes (camphor, α-thujone, and eucalyptol), sesquiterpenes (viridiflorol) and diterpene polyphenols (epirosmanol) were the most abundant compounds identified. The high antioxidant capacity of the obtained essential oils, determined by the DPPH assay, suggested that sage herbal dust could be successfully utilized as a raw material for essential oil recovery.


An effective algorithm for the quasi-harmonic calculation of thermo-elastic stiffness constants of materials is discussed and implemented into the Crystal program for quantum-mechanical simulations of extended systems. Two different approaches of increasing complexity and accuracy are presented. The first one is a quasi-static approximation where the thermal dependence of elastic constants is assumed to be due only to the thermal expansion of the system. The second one is fully quasi-harmonic, takes into account thermal expansion, and explicitly computes Helmholtz free energy derivatives with respect to strain. The conversion of isothermal into adiabatic thermo-elastic constants is also addressed. The algorithm is formally presented and applied to the description of the thermo-elastic response of the forsterite mineral.


This is the introductory chapter of the book, which examines 'historical fiction', a genre so well established that the nomenclature has become a perpetual paradox of the factual/ fictive, objective/subjective, collective/individual, and so forth. A brief introduction to the basic concepts of fiction and history in the Chinese context seems mandatory and beneficial. The shift from major sociopolitical events to obscure psycholinguistic experience is concurrent with a turn from diachronic historiography to synchronic historiography. The author investigates how writers of Deng Xiaoping?s reform era undermined the grand narrative of official history by remapping China?s past. It showcases a fictional cartography of history by eleven contemporary Chinese authors, namely, Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, Wang Anyi, Zhang Chengzhi, Tashi Dawa, Alai, Ge Fei, Su Tong, Wang Shuo, Liu Heng, and Yu Hua. The chapter presents an overview of other chapters of the book are organised.Keywords: Deng Xiaoping; fictional cartography; historiography


Distal appendicular skeletal involvement is a rare finding. Skeletal metastases by far is ranked 3rd in place after liver & brain. Among the skeleton, axial skeleton has a predilection. We report a 65-year-old male with lung cancer with distal ulnar metastases. Patient has swelling of left wrist from last 6 months. Physical examination revealed ill-defined, painful, swelling of left wrist joint. Radiograph revealed permeative destruction of distal ulna. On examination infectious/neoplastic etiology was considered but on evaluation the primary was found to be lung malignancy with distal ulnar metastases.


An adaptive repetitive learning control scheme based on the fuzzy basis function network(FBFN) is presented to restrain model uncertainties and external disturbances in low-frequency linear vi-bration table system.FBFN is used to estimate model uncertainties and external disturbances,which change the identification problem from identifying model uncertainties and disturbances to identifying the coefficients of FBFN.The control algorithm consists of an adaptive component and a repetitive learning component.The adaptive component is used to estimate weight coefficients of FBFN.To attenuate chatte-ring effectively,the discontinuous control is approximated by an adaptive PI control structure.Due to the bound of the discontinuous control term being assumed to be unknown,an adaptive mechanism is used to estimate this bound.The repetitive learning component is used to improve the tracking performance of pe-riodic input signals.The adaptive repetitive learning control law designed by using Lyapunov theory guar-antees the system stability and the position tracking performance.The simulation results demonstrate the adaptive repetitive learning control scheme can improve the tracking performance and acceleration distor-tion for low-frequency linear vibration table.


The public policy of mental health in Chile has a community orientation, however, this does not happen at the level of emotional attachment. From this perspective, the research done, through qualitative methodologies, to contribute to the identification of theoretical and technical concepts that health professionals articulate in their work and with which they design and execute in the area of emotional attachment that, according to the community perspective can illuminate the actions in favor of establishing alliances with the communities. Concluding that their practices are still present in the custodial and the community models, but that their practices have led them to broaden their views to new ways of raising and problematizing it, where the community is an angular agent of the upbringing of children in a territory.


Background: Prediction of in-hospital death is important for patient management as well as risk-adjusted evaluation of Congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery performance. Using a large database containing CHD surgery records of 12 years, we aim to establish patient-level in-hospital mortality prediction models.Methods: Patients with congenital heart disease who underwent surgery at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017 were included in the study. Each procedure was assigned a complexity score based on Aristotle Score with modification. In-hospital mortalities for various surgery procedures were estimated. In-hospital death prediction models including a procedure complexity score and patient-level risk factors were constructed using logistic regression analysis and machine learning methods. The predictive values of the models were tested. Results: Among 24,684 patients underwent CHD operations, there were 595 (2.4%) in-hospital deaths. The results showed that AUC of the prediction model based on logistic regression is 0.864 (95% CI: 0.833-0.895, P <0.001), the sensitivity is 0.831 and the specificity is 0.786. The AUC of the Gradient boosting model is 0.884 (95 %% CI: 0.858-0.909, P <0.001), the sensitivity and specificity were 0.838 and 0.785 respectively. The feature importance analysis found that the variable (average score) that had the greatest impact on the model's prediction performance was operation score (95.6), and other variables (average scores) were Age (days) (95.5), Ultrasound MV (54.6), Ultrasound atrial level (54.5), Palliative operation (45.8), Operation history (38.8), Ultrasound TV2 (32.1), Urgent operation (30.8), Ultrasound ventricular level (30.5), and Spo2 ≤ 90% (30.3).Conclusions: Model constructed using machine learning method and logistic regression containing procedure complexity score and pre-operative patient-level factors had high accuracy in in-hospital mortality prediction. Operation score and age have the greatest impact on model prediction performance.


The aim of this study is to confirm the importance of a more immediate advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) through a comparative analysis of the results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the occurrence place of cardiac arrest in tertiary emergency department. The subjects were 493 patients who had received CPR in Chosun university, Emergency Medical Department, between April 2013 and March 2015. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to the occurrence place of cardiac arrest: pre-hospital, in-emergency room, and in-ward. We conducted a clinical analysis of the results. During the period, 493 cardiac arrest patients underwent CPR, 63 patients (12.8%) were discharged alive and 41 patients (8.3%) got a good score on the cerebral performance category (CPC). Concerned occurrence place of cardiac arrest, 11.3% (16 patients) of the in-emergency room group (total 288 patients) were discharged alive. Also, 9.4% (27 patients) of the In-emergency room group got a good score on the CPC. In the other two-group cases, 7.1% (10 patients) of pre-hospital group (total 141 patients) and 6,2% (4 patients) of in-ward group (total 64 patients) got a good score on the CPC. These results indicate that both the rates of alive discharge and a good CPC score of the in-emergency room group are higher than in out-of-emergency room. This difference might be due to the fact that patients could get the more immediate ACLS by emergency medicine doctors if cardiac arrest occurs in emergency room than other places.


Switched beam antennas (SBA) have been shown to offer many advantages when used in confined and obstructed environments that represent a difficult radio propagation environment. However, when SBA are used in wireless network, the popular contention-based medium access control protocol such as IEEE 802.15.4 MAC is no longer effective. Furthermore, the contention based nature of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC makes it not suitable for deterministic transmissions. In order to have a good compromise between range, data rate and deterministic behavior, in this paper, we propose data collection schemes based on polling-selecting strategies for low latency deterministic networked (LLDN) systems where the sink is equipped with a SBA and sensor nodes with usual omnidirectional antennas. Our solution is based on IEEE 802.15.4 frame exchanges in star topology. We present an analytical model to evaluate the benefit of using an extra slot in a collection scheme based on polling strategy. Several simulations were conducted to validate the analytical model and show that using an extra slot in a collection scheme based on polling strategy improves the frame delivery rate.


D I A N E R A V I T C H identifies two groups among those who have sought in recent decades to revise the writ ing of Amer ican educational history. One wing, led by Bernard Bai lyn and Lawrene Cremin , has called for a reinte gration of educational history with social, economic, and political his tory. Ravitch's target is not these moderate revisionists but "radical revi sionists" represented by scholars such as Michael B . Katz , Clarence Kar ier , Paul Violas, Herbert Gintis, Samuel Bowles, and Joel Spring. Whi le recognizing that the philosophical allegiances of the radical revi sionists range from Marxism to anarchism, she distills from their writings the following common themes: (1) the Amer ican public school has consis tently been used by the wealthy and the middle class to control the poor; (2) school reform has been essentially a "middle-class morality play" to control the poor by extending the coercive power of the school; (3) schools have consciously sought to stamp out cultural diversity; (4) schools have not helped children of the poor to achieve upward mobility; (5) school reformers deliberately selected bureaucracy as the most appropriate in strument for perpetuating social stratification; and (6) a major purpose of schools has been to serve the needs of capitalism by instilling desirable work habits in future workers. I n Ravitch's judgment revisionists have fallen into a variety of historical fallacies. T h e first of these is the deterministic use of class, the assump tion that to identify a person's social origins is to explain sufficiently his or her actions. I n reply she notes that diversity has marked Amer ican social and economic groupings. Not all businessmen, trade unionists, or profes sors have been on the same side of every issue. Secondly, radical revision ists have often deduced motives from outcomes. " T h e radical historian describes the terrible way things turned out and asserts that it must have been intended by policy makers" (p . 44) . He r rejoinder is that the conse quences of particular policies cannot always be controlled or predicted. As a corollary, she argues that revisionists have been prone to r ip the statements of reformers out of context, ignoring the extent to which re formers offered contradictory arguments i n their efforts to win the sup port of different constituencies. A third revisionist fallacy in her view is that analysis of the structure of an institution is an adequate guide to its function. She exhorts historians to go beyond a delineation of administra tive arrangements to discover how complex institutions actually worked.


Scholars pursuing iconographical studies consult research collections of reproductions of works of art, for example, the Index of Christian Art and the Decimal Index to Art in the Low Countries. The subject matter of works of art contained in these iconographical research collections has been described along the lines of its symbolic implications, so that searching these collections is limited to those trained in the study of iconography.
The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a searching aid to iconographical research collections so that they can be searched by users who do not have knowledge of the symbolic implications of artworks. The major steps of constructing the aid are as follows: (1) Observers and artworks are selected. (2) Observers view and describe artworks. (3) Composite descriptions are prepared. (4) Composite descriptions are compared with one another using computerized cluster analysis. (5) Clusters in context are created. (6) Iconographical experts are selected and interpret cluster composition. (7) If iconographical experts link clustered representational elements with their symbolic meaning, a guide to themes and concepts and their essential attributes is developed.
The research problem is to test the procedure for developing the guide to themes and concepts and essential attributes. Thirty-nine observers untrained in art described the subject matter in 100 late medieval Northern works of art (3.). Overlapping cluster analysis was used to group elements of the descriptions (4.). Clustered elements were reinstated into the context of the descriptive phrases of the description in which they occurred (5.). Iconographers interpreted the content of 65 clusters in context and linked 49 clusters in context to their respective symbolic meaning.
The Guide developed from the 45 clusters in context contains (1) an alphabetical enumeration of 139 representational elements and their corresponding symbolic meaning, and (2) an alphabetical directory to ten themes in which the representational elements constituting the themes are detailed.
Although the process used to construct the Guide in this study is effective, recommendations are offered for future guides. The guide is viewed as a dynamic tool, subject to periodic revision and update and suggestions for an online guide to themes and concepts are given.


In 1956, Fisher (1957) found that zineb could be used to control citrus fruit russet. For many years sulfur had been the only known material which would satisfactorily kill rust mites, and thus prevent rust mite injury on fruit russeting. Fisher reported outstanding success with zineb. This stimulated considerable interest in the material, and a more detailed report was made by Johnson, et al. (1957) at the 1957 meetings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. They concluded that zineb killed rust mites and that it was very effective when applied during the post bloom, summer and fall spray periods. They reported good results with dosage as low as 1/2 pound per 100 gallons of spray material. Work with zineb was started by the Eloise Groves Association in January 1957 in four 40-acre blocks of 12-year-old Valencia oranges. Four rows were set aside in the center of each block. Two of these in each block were sprayed with zineb by a Speed Sprayer driven at 21/2 miles per hour and applying approximately 5 pounds of zineb per acre. The other two rows were sprayed with a Speed Sprayer driven at 11/4 miles per hour. In both blocks a double-headed machine was used. A similar application was repeated at the post bloom period. In the summer, the two rows where the Speed Sprayer had been driven at 21/2 miles per hour were sprayed with a combination of oil-parathion and approximately 5 pounds of zineb per acre. The other two rows in each block were sprayed with a similar combination but at the rate of only 21/2 pounds of zineb per acre. In both instances, a Model-36 Sprayer was used and the material was applied at 1 mile per hour with a single head. The remaining portion of all four blocks was sprayed with conventional wettable sulfur programs for rust mite control. In only one of the four zineb-sprayed blocks were additional sulfur sprays required for rust mite control. In this one block, one extra spray was sufficient. In the case of the standard wettable sulfur sprays, at least three additional sprays or dusts were required in each of the four blocks in order to maintain rust mite control throughout the fall. No differences were noted between rates of speed of application or between the amounts of zineb used in the summer application.


Family is the first social construction where every individual learn and acquire values, customs and traditions. The relationship of the each member in family and their support, cooperation and care will reflects on the wellbeing of any individual in society. In our family system elderly people have more value and respect. But in present situations our family constructions are in danger zone and the changes in relationships having negative impact on the individuals and also this situation seriously affecting the elderly people life where they required special care and support. Elderly is an age where there are changes in their physical and psychological health which includes decrease of Memory function and Alzheimer's disease (AD), bones and joints pain, declining visual and auditory function, problems in digestive and metabolic function, Dental problems, Skin diseases and problems in performing regular functions. Apart from the common changes loss of spouse, decreasing social contacts, loss of friends and many socio-economic and psychological factors will affect the wellbeing of old age people. In India due to the so much age gap between married women and men in past decades, old age women losses their spouse early compared to old age men. Many studies highlighted the same that the elderly widow women ratio is very high in India. One side the problems of the old age and another side disappearance of joint family system, moral values, human values many social causes are forcefully sending the old age people in more vulnerable situations. In these situations it is highly required to implement special constitutional remedies and policies for elderly women since the elderly women population increasing very high. It is also required studies which bring the facts on elderly women situation to justify their life with implementing many programmes, family counselling centers ect,. The present study is to understand the elderly women interrelationship with family members at Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.


Adaptive control of the time-delay systems is presented in the paper. Despite the use of MRAC based design, only the model following (not perfect model following) is considered. The methods of a classical MRAC design are preserved to the maximum extent which allows further extensions of the algorithm such as the robust adaptive control modifications. The adaptive algorithm effectiveness is presented by means of illustrative examples.


Immunologic tolerance or paralysis can be induced in either neonatal or adult individuals to many nonliving antigens, incluuing serum proteins, chemical haptens, foreign erythrocytes, and bacterial product~.l-~ Although much current work concerning the basic mechanism of immunologic tolerance is based on experiments with relatively well-defined antigens, it is now recognized that earlier studies on the effects of LCM virus4-7 and pneumococcal polysaccharides 8-l0 on the immune response of mice were prototypes for many of the current models used to study the mechanism of tolerance. Morever, within the last few years increasing numbers of investigators have turned towards the use of antigens derived from microorganisms to study the cellular and molecular basis of tolerance.11-15 This is due mainly to the availability of highly specific and sensitive methods for detection of extremely small amounts of antibody to bacteria and their derivatives. It is widely recognized that despite much work and many advances in the broad field of antibody formation and immunologic tolerance many unanswered questions still remain. Among these is the problem of whether tolerance is due to the absence of specific immunocompetent cells or merely to their "masking" or suppression. In this regard, recent studies concerning cellular aspects of immunity and tolerance with a variety of single-cell immunoplaque assays have revealed that thymus and bone marrow derived cells may have an important role in immune tolerance as well as in antibody formation.16-18 Although many of these studies depend on sheep erythrocytes as the antigen, relatively similar studies have been performed with antigens derived from Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella flagellin and lipopolysaccharide extracts from Escherichia and Shigella.3~ 15* 19. 2o The studies performed during the past decade in this laboratory with the Shigella paradysenteriae system have provided interesting information concerning cellular events in tolerance induction and maintenance.20-25 Furthermore, the use of an antigen derived from a microorganism has permitted analysis of the host-parasite relationship with regard to susceptibility of tolerant animals to challenge infection with viable bacteria.


Microblogging websites (such as Twitter, Facebook) are rich sources of data for opinion mining and sentiment analysis. In this paper, we describe our approaches used for sentiment analysis in twitter (task 9) organized in SemEval 2014. This task tries to determine whether the sentiment orientations conveyed by the whole tweets or pieces of tweets are positive, negative or neutral. To solve this problem, we extracted several simple and basic features considering the following aspects: surface text, syntax, sentiment score and twitter characteristic. Then we exploited these features to build a classifier using SVM algorithm. Despite the simplicity of features, our systems rank above the average.