In vehicular networks, moving vehicles are enabled to communicate with each other using inter vehicle communications as well as with road side units (RSUs) in vicinity via roadside-to-vehicle communications. In urban vehicular networks where the privacy, especially the location privacy of the vehicles should be guaranteed vehicles need to be verified in an anonymous manner. A wide spectrum of applications in such a network relies on collaboration and information aggregation among the participating vehicles. Without the identities of participants, such applications are vulnerable to the Sybil attack where a malicious vehicle masquerades as multiple identities, overwhelmingly influencing the result. The consequence of Sybil attack happening in urban vehicular networks can be vital. For example, in safety-related applications such as hazard warning, passing assistance and collision avoidance biased results caused by a Sybil attack can lead to severe car accidents. This paper presents a novel method for detecting sybil attacks in urban vehicular networks.


This scientific study aims to analyze how personal incitement/encouragement and presenteism affect the efficiency of both volunteers and employees of Non-Governmental Organization's, with NGO Praksis as our test subject. Thus, we are looking for the connection of volunteerism and incitement in NGOs.


Biomethane is incentivized in Italy and in many other European countries as a substitute fuel for transport, in order to reduce fossil fuel and cut CO2 emissions. In Italy, Certificato di Immissione in Consumo (CIC) is actually sustaining biomethane production, charging petrochemical companies who need to cover their obligation quotes. Actually, biomethane production has to fulfil sustainability requirements in order to be entitled to get CIC. Sustainability principles are, among others, the type of feeding, total biogas capture during the fermentation process and last but not least, a very low methane loss associated to the off-gas of the upgrading unit, actually set at < 1 % CH4 in Italy and most probably further reduced in the short. The upgrading unit off-gas, therefore, has to respect the limit, or as an alternative, it has to be treated in a post-combustion unit. There are technical upgrading solutions on the market that can achieve methane loss < 1% CH4, but incremental energy, operating and investment cost have to be considered in a cost-benefit evaluation. Post-combustion on the other hand can be a serious issue, since the flow to be burnt does not contain oxygen at all, just traces of methane (normally 2-3%) and CO2 (97-98%), changing dramatically operating conditions of traditional post-combustor units applied to cogeneration engines off-gas. For the biomethane off-gas combustion, a sustainable cost-effective solution is the Regenerative Catalytic Oxidation (RCO), operating at lower temperature than Thermal Oxidation (TO), therefore reducing energy costs and improving environmental footprint. The purpose of this article is to compare the Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO) with the Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizer (RCO).


Sweet (CO 2 ) and sour (H 2 S) corrosion have continuously been a challenge in oil and gas production and transportation. Yet, some key issues are still not well understood, especially at high temperature production conditions. A CO 2 /H 2 S ratio of 500, which has been used (often inaccurately) to determine which corrosion mechanism is dominant, is probably even less valid at high temperature. The nature of the corrosion products forming at high temperature in CO 2 /H 2 S environments and their effects on the corrosion rate are not known. Finally, the impact on pipeline integrity of environmental changes between sweet and sour production conditions (simulating reservoir souring) has not been well documented. CO 2 , H 2 S, and CO 2 /H 2 S corrosion experiments were conducted at 120 o C to investigate corrosion mechanisms and corrosion product layer formation at high temperature. The results show that the corrosion products were still clearly dominated by H 2 S under the pCO 2 /pH 2 S ratio of 550. Formation of Fe 3 O 4 , FeCO 3 , and FeS corrosion product layers had a direct impact on the measured corrosion rates and was dependent on the gas composition and on the sequence of exposure (CO 2 then H 2 S and vice versa ). Compared with H 2 S corrosion alone, the presence of CO 2 could retard Fe 3 O 4 formation in CO 2 /H 2 S mixture environment. No obvious change in steady state corrosion rate was observed when the corrosion environment was switched from CO 2 to H 2 S and vice versa .


The halogen/magnesium-exchange reaction has opened new perspectives in organic synthesis and has considerably extended the range of available functionalized aryl and heteroaryl magnesium compounds bearing functional groups such as ester, nitrile, iodide, imine, or even sensitive groups like nitro, hydroxy, and boronic esters. The present review summarizes the applications of these functionalized heteroaryl- and arylmagnesium compounds for the synthesis of a wide variety of regiospecifically functionalized five- and six-membered heterocycles.


Abstract Mycotoxins, especially carcinogenic aflatoxins (AFs), AFs B1-and-M1, are common contaminants of foodchains, damaging exposed hosts. We analyzed the effects of naturally-occurring levels of AFB1-and-AFM1 on the rat pancreatic islets from various healthy rats and exposed for 24 and 48 h to 10–20 ng of each AF/mL. The exposed islets were analyzed for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), ATP content, caspase-3/7-and 9 and ROS load. This environmental toxic compound impaired islet cells quality, GSIS, ATP-and antioxidant capacity, proving sensitivity of pancreatic islets to AFs (moreso to AFB1), thereby clarifying the possible underlying mechanisms of AFs in endocrine disorders, primarily type-2 diabetes.


In this work we studied four methods for analysis of reinforced concrete floors, constituted by beams and solid slabs. The finite elements method (FEM) is used to accomplish a coupled analysis of the slab-beam system. The results obtained with FEM are used for verification of three simplified methods. A simplified method, of easy employment in structural design, it is proposed and has its results confirmed by FEM.


The nature and problems or causes usually adduced for African underdevelopmentas well as the cure for it have acquired the character of what Claude Ake calls'technicism' – a situation where Western social scientists are causal assessors andsolutions to Africa's woes. The consequence of this is that close to no attention hasbeen given to how indigenous pedagogy can assist in the evolution of a frameworkto tackle the menace of underdevelopment. By admitting the method ofphilosophical analysis which thrives on the critical assessment or exposition ofideas and concepts, we expound Nnamdi Azikiwe's reflections that haveimplications for the pedagogy that can engender a self-reliant template for Africandevelopment. We focus on the triad principles of eclecticism, pragmatism and neowelfarismin his reflections to extrapolate ideas that can propel Africandevelopment. It is based on the plausibility of Azikiwe's thoughts on education thatwe submit the urgency for Africans to emerge from the challenges of developmentby focusing more on inward-driven ideas that are original and indigenous to themyet applicable in other climes, non-African.


Cellulolytic bacteria are bacteria producing cellulase enzyme that functions to degrade cellulose. One of cellulolytic bacteria habitat is soil. This study aims to determine the population, the potential and characteristics of cellulolytic bacteria in mangrove forest land Baros, Kretek, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Sampling was done by the method of composite soil at a depth of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm at five different points. Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria using selective media Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 1% (CMC 1%) with a spread plate method, incubated at 28 0C for 5 days. Cellulolytic bacterial isolates were grown colonies of each treatment was calculated and chosen different isolates of the overall treatment for isolated on NA medium. Characterization is done by growing the pure isolates were selected in CMC 1% media further congo red 0.1% drops to test the potential of cellulolitic (potential cellulolytic marked by the emergence of a clear zone around the colony). Results obtained 23 isolates of bacteria isolation of potentially degrade cellulose from 31 isolates. The population most commonly found at a depth of 20 cm (6,44x105 CFU/g), whereas at a depth of 5 cm there are at most a difference of character cellulolytic bacterial isolates (13 isolates) and most major cellulolytic activity index isolates possessed 3 is 6.38. Cellulolytic bacterial isolates obtained dominated by gram-negative cocci.


This study investigated histopathological changes on the liver and gills of C. gariepinus juveniles treated intermittently with different concentrations of prophylactics. Potassium permanganate (T2), Hydrogen peroxide (T3) and Formalin (T4) were used as prophylactics and administered to 15 fish each at concentrations of 2 ppm, 150 ppm, and 100 ppm respectively. The treatments which were in three replicates each with a control set up (T1) were repeated biweekly for 10 weeks. The histomacrographs of the liver and the gills show that there were no visible alterations on the structures of the tissues of fish in the control experiment (T1). However, major histopathological observations for the fish in T2, T3, and T4 were severe degeneration in the gill structure, fusion of the gill rakers, slight changes in the hepatocytes, diffuse vacuolation of hepatocytes. Among the used chemicals, potassium permanganate appeared to have the least negative effects on the tissues and it is therefore recommended at 2 ppm for prophylactic treatment of fish against diseases.


The hypotheses currently considered the most likely causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid beta peptide deposition in the cerebral cortex and hyperphosphorylation of the Tau protein, with the consequent formation of neurofibrillary tangles. In clinical practice, although not accurate, AD diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other diseases, behavioural assessments and co pleme tary examinations, such as imaging and blood tests. Advances in the field of biotechnology have created exciting prospects for the e arly detection of AD via biomarker assessment, which is considered a safer and more efficient procedure. Molecules recognised as biomarkers ca n be expressed in some body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and blood. The presence of amyloid beta peptide and Tau ca n be confirmed in saliva, which is also an easily and non-invasively collectable material with an accessible cost. The objective was valuate the concentrations of the t-Tau protein and Ab42 peptide in the saliva of elderly individuals with and without dementia of the AD t ype Method: The objective of this case-control study, involving a total of 120 individuals, was to analyse whether a correlation exists bet ween variations in the concentrations of the t-Tau and Ab42 biomarkers in the saliva of patients with confirmed AD and individuals in the inclu sion gro p but without AD . We found that t-Tau expression in AD patients is significantly lower than that in individuals without AD, wher eas t salivary concentration of Ab42 is higher in patients with AD but not significantly different from that of the group without AD . Conclusion: Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility of using salivary biomarkers as predictive markers for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.


The VicSRC Congress is back again in 2009, and this year it's due to be bigger and better than ever! As well as students from all over Victoria, the Victorian Minister for Education (Bronwyn Pike) will be attending to hear what students have to say and to recognise the importance of student participation in education decision-making.


Contemporary music education started late in China on the basis of western teaching theories formed its own unique system, which has a great influence on present computer music technology. This paper explores that contemporary music education is analyzed advantages and disadvantages of the influence on the development of Chinese class music, and the solutions are found out to the existing problems, summed up the reality enlightenment of that the contemporary music on the impact of education.


Polyethylene Wax can been prepared from polyethylene,which due to focusing on "white" pollution. As an important substance,polyethylene wax is using in many fields.In this article,the development of polyethylene wax,recovery from wasted plastics,were firstly discussed,then the property and product were introduced and analyzed.


Abstract : Mica-type clay minerals are subjected to an intensive weathering process in the basin of the Willard Reservoir, north of Ogden, on the playa margin of Great Salt Lake. Weathering attacks the interlayer region of the layer lattice silicates most intensively where the bonds are weakest. A continuous scattering in the lower angle region of the (001) - reflection with some sharp superimposed maxima shows the heterogeneity along the c-axis of the mica-type layers; it also shows the genetic relation between the mica-type layers with different basal spacings. The pronounced continuous scattering accompanying the (02,11) diffraction band on the Guinier photographs and the absence of (hkl) reflections show that the layer silicates in the Willard clays possess an intensive disorder in their a-b planes. The values of the b-dimensions, high SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and appreciable amounts of MgO + FeO + Fe2O3 indicate the mica-type layers are possibly derived from tetrasilicic members of dioctrahedral mica. The latter are often overlooked because of their easy alteration. (Author)


This paper deals with the study of a system prototype that can be used as an auxiliary tool in radioguided surgery methods. The use of new technologies in radioguided surgery concern the exact positioning of the lesion to be exerted. This is possible, in operation theatre, thanks to portable scintigraphics devices or to radiation counters. Due to lack of a coordinate system in the operation field, it is difficult for the surgeon to localize the pathology after removing the detection instrument. The system proposed in this paper is composed mainly of three elements: a handheld, high-resolution gamma camera with a small Field Of View (FOV) based on Hamamatsu R8900-00-C12 Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT), a laser scanner for the reconstruction of the body district and a stereoscopic system for contactless surgical tool tracking. Analyzing a set of scintigraphic images, taken from different projections, it is possible to localize the three-dimensional position of the lesion. Thanks to the use of the scanner and image fusion techniques, the pathology is shown on a PC monitor correctly positioned with respect to the body surface. Using a couple of stereoscopic cameras, the surgical tool can be tracked and shown on the same monitor, so that the surgeon can know the instantaneous relative position between the tool and the pathology. Exploiting these systems, a navigation system prototype has been developed that is suitable for radioguided surgical application. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 87.58.Xs; 29.40.Mc; 85.60.Ha


158 Background: Tolerance of AI therapy can be poor due to treatment-emergent toxicities and can lead to early discontinuation (non-persistence). Patients often switch from one AI to another when toxicities develop; however, limited prospective data exist on patients who switch AI. Here we describe the effect of switching from E to L or L to E on tolerance of and persistence with therapy.

METHODS
Postmenopausal women initiating AI therapy were enrolled on the ELPh trial and randomized to E or L. Those that stopped their AI for self-reported intolerance were offered crossover to alternate AI after a 2-6 week washout. Kaplan-Meier estimates of proportions on AI after 1, 3, and 6 months were assessed during 1st and 2nd AI. Associations between time on 2ndAI and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed using univariable Cox proportional hazards model. To evaluate effect of crossover on patient-reported outcomes, multiple questionnaires, including a pain visual analog scale (VAS), were assessed serially.

RESULTS
83 women, mean age 60 years, 45% prior chemotherapy, and 31% with prior tamoxifen use, participated in the crossover protocol. 71% reported improvement in symptoms a mean 4.72 weeks after discontinuing 1st AI therapy. Median time on 1st AI was 6.8 months (95% CI 5.8-9 months), and on 2nd AI was 11.5 months (6.9-24.2). The probability of persistence at 1, 3, and 6 months for the 1st AI was 94%, 76%, and 55% and for the 2nd AI was 89%, 73%, and 62%, respectively. There was no significant association between duration on 2nd AI and 1st AI (L vs. E), duration on 1st AI, age, body mass index, or prior therapies. The change in pain VAS from baseline to 1 or 3 months was not significantly different during treatment with the 1st or 2ndAI.

CONCLUSIONS
Although all AI medications have similar mechanisms of activity, nearly two-thirds of patients who are intolerant of one AI are able to maintain therapy for at least 6 months following switch to 2nd AI. Switching is a reasonable approach for women who cannot tolerate 1st AI that may improve persistence with therapy. The mechanisms for intrapatient variation in tolerance warrant further study.

CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION
NCT00228956.


EARTH'S UPPER MANTLE. H. Becker, M. F. Horan, R. J. Walker, S. Gao, J.-P. Lorand, R. L. Rudnick Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20740, USA (firstname.lastname@example.com), Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington. 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW Washington D. C. 20015, USA, Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China. Laboratoire de Mineralogie, Museum National D'Naturelle, Unite CNRS FRE 2456, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.


Boolean Equation Systems (Bess) provide a useful framework for the veriica-tion of concurrent nite-state systems. In practice, it is desirable that a Bes resolution also yields diagnostic information explaining, preferably in a concise way, the truth value computed for a given variable of the Bes. Using a representation of Bess as extended boolean graphs (Ebgs), we propose a characterization of full diagnostics (i.e., both examples and counterexamples) as a particular class of subgraphs of the Ebg associated to a Bes. We provide algorithms that compute examples and counterexamples in linear time and can be straightforwardly used to extend known (global or local) Bes resolution algorithms with diagnostic generation facilities. GGnnration eecace de diagnostics pour les systtmes d''quations boollennes RRsumm : Les systtmes d''quations boollennes (Sebs) fournissent un cadre utile pour la vriication des systtmes concurrents ayant un nombre ni d''tats. En pratique, il est souhaitable que la rrsolution d'un Seb produise aussi une information de diagnostic qui explique, de prrffrence de maniire concise, la valeur de vritt calculle pour une certaine variable du Seb. Utilisant une reprrsentation des Sebs comme graphes boollens tendus (Gbes), nous proposons une caracttrisation des diagnostics complets (c'est-dire, exemples et contre-exemples) comme une classe particuliire de sous-graphes du Gbe associi un Seb. Nous ddveloppons des algorithmes de calcul d'exemples et de contre-exemples ayant une complexitt linnaire en taille du Gbe (nombre de sommets et d'arcs). Ces algorithmes peuvent tre aissment utilisss pour tendre plusieurs algorithmes connus (globaux ou locaux) de rrsolution d'Sebs avec des facilitts de ggnnration de diagnostics.


A method for space target extraction in star background image based on star image simulation is put forward. The star image simulation model of optical measuring equipment based on the foundation was established. Optical axis direction and coordinate transformation between stars and focal plane were calculated. Masks were generated by star image simulation,and background stars were removed for real star images. Experimental results show that the method can remove the background star and extract space target effectively.


Software product testing has great importance in the detection of errors appearing in the course of software development and reflecting directly on software quality enhancement before its implementation in the working environment. Special priority in the software product testing phase is given to testing software performance. In contrast to functional testing, which should show if software is capable of carrying out planned functions without making errors, performance testing should show if the software will realize planned tasks in accordance with previously defined and expected performance. Software performance testing tools are used for simulating conditions under which software will work. In this article, the authors point to the importance of the testing phases in the software product development process and give a review of up-to-date testing techniques. The focus of the article is placed on software performance testing and overview of performance testing tools.


Subsequently, Elena Lombardi's chapter "Per Aver Pace Có Seguaci Sui': Civil, Spiritual and Erotic Peace in the Francesca Episode" addresses peace and its problematic connection to desire and the will as understood by Dante. Of particular interest is Lombardi's explanation of the changes which occurred in the historical reading of the she-wolf: "Although traditionally explained as avarice," she states, "the she-wolf in more recent commentary and criticism is viewed as the embodiment of all excessive desires, of cupiditas in general". Fittingly, the book concludes with an examination of peace from philosophical and theoretical perspectives. Vittorio Montemaggi's "E 'N La Sua Volontade È Nostra Pace': Peace, Justice, and the Trinity in the Commedia" engages in a close reading of the text with the intent to examine the connections between the will and love in detail. "For Dante," Montemaggi writes, ". . . justice is that in virtue of which things have, or are given, their due. To act justly towards someone, on such a definition of justice, simply means to act towards them in the manner which they rightly merit." This, Montemaggi argues, is a key structuring principle of the Commedia and the one which justly frames both the temporal and eternal dimensions of the world. Indeed, Montemaggi correctly reads peace as both an active process and state of affairs: ". . . (a)s a state of affairs which human beings can help create only through a proper and sustained exercise of their ethical and intellectual faculties." Finally, Pamela Williams's "The Pursuit of Peace in Dante and Petrarch," examines "ultimate peace" and how it manifests itself in the work of both Dante and his predecessor. While Dante uses peace to convey desire over idea and Petrarch uses peace to portray sentiment over thought, as Williams notes from the work of Kenelm Foster, Dante's peace is one of a perfect contemplation to be experienced, rather than explained, and is found in its purest form "in intellectual union with God." Conversely, Petrarch's peace is restless, transient; it is, for all intents and purposes, a 'negative peace.' For both poets, Williams concludes, peace is realistic; as such, it can never be fully duplicated. War and Peace in Dante approaches two of the more ambitious and ambiguous topics relating to Dantean scholarship with intellectual depth. In addition, the contributors both admirably raise probing questions and provide a multitude of relevant interpretations. The variety of topics analyzed pertaining to war and peace, along with the choice of texts incorporated, place the work as a valuable new contribution to Dante Studies.


Biodiesel, produced by alcoholysis of fats, is viewed as a feasible substitute of fossil diesel. From economical point of view, biodiesel cannot compete with fossil diesel since raw materials and the production process are expensive. To improve biodiesel viability, the glycerin coproduced (10% w/w) must be valorized. Glycerin acetalization, with ketones or aldehydes, is among the several routes referred in the literature to produced high value chemicals from glycerin. It is a condensation reaction that produces 1,3-dioxolanes and 1,3-dioxanes, used as fuel additives, surfactants, flavorings and solvents. Crude glycerin (≤82% w/w), from a local biodiesel industry, was reacted with acetone and butanone over commercial montmorillonite catalysts (K10 and K30) and over acid activated (H2SO4) carbon catalyst derived from crude glycerin. Pro-analysis and water containing (87%) were used as reference. The reaction carried out at reflux temperature of the used ketone showed, always, high selectivity towards the 5 members ring product being the carbon catalyst the most active. Crude glycerin had a negative effect on the catalytic performances mainly due to the high MONG content. Only activated carbon was effective for crude glycerin acetalization. The observed differences between the tested acid catalysts can be related with higher adsorption of MONG by montmorillonite. The presence of solvents studied with ethanol and n-hexane showed an almost null effect in the tested conditions.


The article is devoted to the experience of the individual teaching methods of civil procedural law students High Graduate School of Law.


of economic thought (the mercantilists and the Physiocrats), had a specialist in classical economics been consulted (or made a co-author), Chapters 6 and 7 would have been improved. For example, in Chapter 6 there is a section on wages (116–20) but no section on profit or rent. Craig seems to be unaware that the Bank of England was privately owned until 1946 (125). The final chapter, Chapter 8, is called 'Legacy and Influence'. It is a breezy account of how Smith was viewed by contemporary and later writers in philosophy and economics. Craig has an interesting discussion of Hayek's interpretation of Smith (168–70). Overall, the book is designed to provide (1) a brief introduction to Adam Smith and (2) a reading of Smith's writings as contributions to a single, coherent intellectual project. On the first point Craig largely succeeds. Most of Smith's works are discussed. There is a focus on a tight set of topics and an emphasis on brevity (in the length of chapters, the notes, and bibliography). Reflecting Craig's own background, Chapters 1–5 are his strongest. While I could debate some details (e.g. 76 middle), these chapters are useful. Indeed, I learned several things from them. Given the gifted-amateur character of Chapters 6 and 7, Chapter 8 is surprisingly good. On the second point, Craig's lofty goal is not fully realized in this book either because of his trade-off in meeting the brevity goal or because the inconsistencies within Smith's writings cannot be resolved (e.g. 75).


As for the special demand from the manufacturing design of different place on this paper, we analyse the limitation of the NetMeeting software used for the support tool of the design of different places, put forward the ICE(Integrated Collaborative Environment) system based on the NetMeeting COM components technology and discuss the critical technology that ICE uses the two methods of ICE Server and transmitting the controlling message to solve the two problems of finding the different space IP address and collaborative synchronization, and optimizes net meeting management.


Background: Described in 1938, Ekbom's syndrome is a disorder in most cases having a psychiatric origin. In addition to being frequent in psychiatry consultations, it I can be presented in dermatology essentially and other medical fields as well (such as gastroenterology). Case Report: We report the case of a patient who, after a suspected infestation, presented with Ekbom syndrome but the lack of knowledge of the disorder led to a three-year delay in diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Despite the understanding of this disorder is an integral part of the training of any psychiatrist, it is not the case of other medical fields, and the lack of awareness of this disorder can be harmful to the patient, because the delay in diagnosis and the excessive paraclinical explorations can make the management difficult.


In 2011, Retigabine (Ezogabine; Valeant Pharmaceuticals/GlaxoSmithKline), an opener of KCNQ (Kv7) potassium channels, was approved for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures in adult patients. In this chapter, we review the story of retigabine, from identification as a novel anticonvulsant through to clinical testing, and detail the ongoing work to identify a second generation of KCNQ channel openers.


The preparation, swelling and mechanical behavior and in vitro biodegradation of a novel hydrogel suitable for controlled release of biologically active macromolecules were investigated. The hydrogel was based on the biode gradable polypeptide, poly[ N 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamide] with methacryl oylated side chains (mole fraction 0.02-0.10). These were used as a "macro monomer crosslinker" in the crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide. The polymerization can be carried out under conditions that avoid loss of the biolog ical activity of proteins. The network density of the gels was controlled by the number of methacryloylated side chains in the macromonomers and by the amount of diluent during gel formation. It was found that the network density decreases with increasing dilution and decreasing concentration of the double bonds in the macromonomer. The enzymatic degradation of the hydrogels by papain increased with decreasing network density. The release of a model pro tein entrapped in the gel was also influenced by the network density of the gel. All the gels can be fully degraded to soluble products.


e aim of this article is to analyze how the main Argentine newspapers (Clarín and La Nación) represented the Spanish labor reform of 2012 and, in particular, the concepts of labor flexibilization and precarization. In the current global context, where labor reforms have recently been sanctioned or new changes are being debated: Italy and France in Europe; Mexico, Brazil and Argentina in Latin America, it is interesting to analyze, in the light of the Spanish case, which are the privileged emphases and privileged meanings by the mass media, about labor, unions and labor rights.


BACKGROUND: Dengue is endemic in Puerto Rico and causes periodic outbreaks involving thousands of persons. Seroprevalence studies among blood donors can provide useful data on the immune status of the adult population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti‐dengue immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies in a random sample of blood donors to the American Red Cross (ARC) in Puerto Rico.


8, 9-Seco-5α-androstane-8, 9, 11-trione derivatives (III) were cyclized with Al2O3 or SiO2 in CH2Cl2 or CH3CN affording the diketo-ols (IV and V) and their dehydrated products, ene-diones (VI and VII). Introduction of substituents into the 3- and 17- positions of the triketone (III) caused systematic changes in the ratios of the cyclization products. Al2O3 and SiO2 showed a significantly different effects on the cyclizations, and solvent change also affected the cyclizations. These results are reported and interpreted in terms of a specific adsorption of substrate on the surface of the catalyst from a speculative view. The configuration of the BC ring junction of the diketo-ols (V), hitherto the only unresolved aspect of their structure, was assigned α-cis from the associated evidence of their circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra.


In order to solve the multi-objective optimization of truss structures with constrains,a new approach to multi-objective optimization based on differential evolution(DEMO) was adopted in this paper.DEMO adopted the mechanisms of Pareto based ranking and crowding distance sorting which used by evolutionary algorithms for multi-objective optimization,and preserved the advantages of differential evolution(DE).Classical truss sizing optimization problems are solved to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the DEMO algorithm,and the results are compared with other optimization methods.The results indicate that the DEMO provides better performance in the diversity,the uniformity and the convergence of the obtained solution than other methods.


The practical teaching links of ideological and political theory course should comprise: the objective systems of practical teaching,the content systems of practical teaching,and the building of an effective medium for practical teaching.The coordination theory upholds that theories with more coordination force are likely to bear more truth.In practical teaching,as along as human factors are sufficiently taken heed of and teaching media are diversified,the background coordination power of ideological and political theories can be enhanced,so as to push forward the development and prosperity of Marxist theories in China.


Objective To investigate the distribution and location of the penile cavernous nerve in children. Methods Following the cavernous nerve of the neurovascular bundle, detailed anatomical observation and measurement of the penile cavernous nerve were performed on 6 children formalin-preserved cadavers with operative microscope SXP-1B. The genital tissue and penile cavernous nerves from 1 cadaver were explored with HE staining and nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemistry staining. The sections were then observed under microscope. Results The penile cavernous nerve of the neurovascular bundle pierced the inferior genitourinary diaphragm at the posterolateral border of the urethral external sphincter. The distance from the point where the cavernous nerve pierced the inferior genitourinary diaphragm to the urethral was 5.81± 1.37 mm. The diameter of the cavernous nerve is 0.68± 0.22 mm . The cavernous nerve traveled under the penile dorsal nerve and blood vessels after piercing the genitourinary diaphragm. One branch of the cavernous nerve joined the dorsal nerve, and the other 2~3 branches of the cavernous nerve entered into the crural body of the penile corporal body. The positive staining for nitric oxide synthase nerve fibers had been noted in the distal part of the dorsal nerve. Conclusions The penile cavernous nerve of the neurovascular bundle under the genitourinary diaphragm travel under the penile dorsal nerve and blood vessels. One branch of cavernous nerve joins the penile dorsal nerve, and the other 2~3 branches of cavernous nerve enter into the crural body of the penile corporal body.


A digital auxiliary interferometer is proposed to correct the laser non-linear frequency sweep by signal resampling through Hilbert-Transform, which demonstrates the superiority of analog zero-crossing in better suppression and repeatability on two different optical-path-delay lengths.


Gadgets are part of children's life nowadays. With the advancement of technology, every activity is closely related to gadgets, whether for education, tasks or even entertainment. The increasing use of gadgets, especially digital games in toddlers and pre-school children, have shown the shift of learning through an interactive and a visual platform. This study described and analyzed how digital games can be a tool to improve cognitive, social and learning skills for children aged 4 to 7 years old residing in Jabodetabek. Through a descriptive qualitative method, this study interviewed 10 parents using open-ended questions to share and describe the experiences and growth observed in their children in regards to gadget use. Overall, the majority of informants showed agreement on how digital games have improved their children's way of thinking, learning and social skills, including problem solving and emotional intelligence. This study also found a new perspective on how a video platform like YouTube showed positive outcomes in their children's learning experience. Several recommendations on the use of gadgets were also shared in this study, such as time management, digital application choices and the importance of a parent-child interaction


The issue of grid companies on how to appropriately allocate the limited funds among different grid construction projects in market environment is discussed. Based on the research on investment optimization for grid construction projects with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based design concept, the index system for evaluating grid investment projects was constructed. Based on the AHP, the comprehensive evaluation model for grid construction project investment was also built. Based on the theory of modern investment portfolio, the optimal model of grid projects on investment portfolio is built. The correctness of model is improved by a numerical case.


What illiteracy means Members of the illiterate society may be unemployed, underemployed, or fully and successfully employed. They live in urban, suburban, and rural areas. They may have little formal schooling or have a high school diploma. They are in every region and in virtually every community. Illiteracy tends to be more common among the old, minority groups, the poor, the unemployed, and those who live in rural areas (McGrail, 1984). Illiterates are on their own in what can be an


The present invention, charge carrier density is high, charge carrier mobility is effective for, to a doped organic semiconductor material. One or more organic molecular group A, and it can be obtained by doping a compound composed of at least one other binding partner B to the organic semiconductor material. Desired doping effect, after separation of at least one organic molecular group A from a compound, with at least one organic molecule group A, or the product of reaction of at least one organic molecule groups A and another atom or molecule by obtained. The present invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the semiconductor material.


Chapter 3 ('Ah, Assyria, the Rod of my Anger': The Assyrian Takeover of the Southwest) briefly outlines the interactions of the Neo-Assyrian empire with the southwest, from the first contacts in the ninth century BCE, to the conquests and annexations of the last third of the eighth. The region was incorporated within the empire quite quickly at the time of Tiglath-pileser III, and Assyrian control was solidified in later campaigns, mainly at the time of Sargon II and Sennacherib. By the end of this century, the entire area was, directly or indirectly, under Assyrian control. The north, with the exception of Tyre, was divided between Assyrian provinces, whereas the south was mostly comprised of semi-autonomous clients.


This paper deals with the construction of the silver economy (or the longevity economy) strategy in Brazil and its contribution to the economic development. The first and second parts of the paper summarize the international debate on the concept, mainly in the countries of the European Union. The third part approaches the focus on the ageing population in Brazil, still dominated by a pessimistic view. In the next section of the paper, the action opportunities for the longevity saving strategy in Brazil are exposed with summaries of some key sectors, according to the international literature on the silver economy. The income of the older people and the purchasing power of families with older adults are analysed in the following sections. In the conclusion, some recommended actions for building the silver economy strategy in Brazil is discussed.


—In recent decades, technological advancements have significantly improved people's living standards and given rise to the rapid development of intelligent technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important research topics worldwide. However, IoT is often comprised of unreliable wireless networks, with hundreds of mobile sensors interconnected. A traditional sensor network typically consists of fixed sensor nodes periodically transmitting data to a pre-determined router. Current applications, however, require sensing devices to be mobile between networks. We need mobility management protocols to manage these mobile nodes to provide uninterrupted service to users. The interactions between the mobile nodes are affected by the loss of signaling messages, increased latency, signaling costs, and energy consumption because of the characteristics of these networks, including constrained memory, processing power, and limited energy source. Hence, developing an algorithm for managing smart devices' mobility on the Internet is necessary. This study proposes an efficient and effective distributed mechanism to manage mobility in IoT devices. Using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based on the CoAP protocol, the proposed method is intended not only to reduce the signaling cost of messages but also to make mobility management more reliable and simpler.


The modular design imposes finding the optimal solutions from constructive and functional point of view. The constructive design must be correlated with the technological one. Thus, it is possible to obtain mechanical components with reduce building limit and weight, with high durability and small price. In this context, the present paper presents the conceiving and the design of a new clutch with multiple functions, the elastic and safety clutch. This type of clutch combines the functions of elastic and safety clutches, and it will be denoted as elastic and safety clutch with elastic rubber roller. The experimentally determined characteristics clutch.


This article presents Augustine's De civitate Dei 11.2 as a valuable but overlooked source of influence on Bonaventure's making of the Itinerarium mentis in Deum. First, a detailed exposition analyzes the structure and content of Augustine's compact mystical treatise on the "ascent of the mind to God" located at the turning points of his magnum opus. Second, a study of the prologue of the Itinerarium mentis in Deum demonstrates how this passage informed Bonaventure's conception of his unique project. Third, the article offers support for his explicit reception of De civitate Dei — and Book 11 in particular — through an annotated summary of Bonaventure's references to the work in his earlier and later written corpus. Initial findings present how Anonymi Contra philosophos appears to have functioned as a privileged point for reception of De civitate Dei 11.2 among the early Franciscans scholastics from Alexander of Hales to Bonaventure and Matthew of Aquasparta. The present research also offers a fresh case study through which to modify the central claims of Lydia Schumacher's scholarship on the Bonaventurean use of Augustine and the nature of early Franciscan theology. The closing section explores some of the possible influences shaping this approach. Finally, this article invites medievalists to expand their expectations of how De civitate Dei 11 may have communicated Augustine's thought through diverse forms of Franciscan reception and wide-ranging applications beyond the academy.


Nowadays video conferencing in enterprises is organized primarily using central Multipoint Control Unit. MCU is responsible for controlling the conference as well as for video mixing. MCUs are very expansive as they are usually designed in the form of specialized hardware. Software based MCUs do also exist but consume considerable resources, due to operations with media streams. At the same time, so-called Overlay Network video distribution approaches have emerged in the past decade, with research on Application Layer Multicast and Peer-To-Peer. In the "overlay" approaches, content distribution is handled by cooperation between user equipment, without relying on network equipment (hence its designation). They have been introduced in particular for efficient video distribution over the Internet, bypassing current network limitations (e.g. lack of multicasting support and quality of service insurance). These fully distributed approaches have proven to be efficient and robust means for video distribution over the Internet. However, in the context of video conferencing, video mixing needs to be done at endpoints, which is currently not possible for most mobile terminals (smart phones, tablets). In other words, if the endpoint is not capable to mix several video streams due to hardware/software constraints, its user will not obtain modern telepresence experience. So the problem considered is to deliver rich video experience, available today through dedicated MCUs, without using dedicated hardware and without overloading communications servers with media processing operations. In order to achieve this, we need to design a novel architecture for distributed video processing (mixing, trans-coding, trans-scaling) and distribution mechanisms. The concept is thus to go beyond the current overlay network approach (dedicated solely on distribution) by integrating the distributed processing aspect.


Abstract : A computer-based algorithm that localizes sounds in near-real time has been developed. The algorithm takes input from two microphones and estimates the position of the sound source relative to the microphone array. The algorithm requires no a priori knowledge of the stimuli to be localized. The accuracy of the algorithm was tested using binaural recordings from a pair of microphones mounted in the ear canals of an acoustic mannequin. Sounds were played at 5 degree steps around the mannequin and the outputs were recorded at the entrance to each ear canal. These recordings were fed into the algorithm that estimated the location of the incoming sound on the horizontal plane. The algorithm utilizes a Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) to estimate the location of incoming sound stimuli. Although the HRTF of the acoustic mannequin was used, any HRTF can be inserted into the algorithm, allowing for predictions about individual performance differences. The results of this effort have been highly encouraging: the algorithm was able to identify accurately the location of a variety of sounds, committing an average of 2.9 degrees of unsigned localization error. Better than chance performance was found in noisy conditions of up to a -10 dB signal-tonoise ratio. The initial purpose of this algorithm is to predict the localization performance afforded by different types of combat helmets. Current and future encapsulating helmet designs are likely to impede localization performance, and an accurate localization model would be an invaluable tool in the helmet selection process. Adapting the model for use as a highly accurate machine-based localizer is an additional goal of this line of research. Applications for this technology include target tracking on unmanned vehicles, sniper detection, and machine-assisted sound localization.


In view of the shortcomings of traditional anomaly detection algorithms in large-scale high-speed network,such as lacks of efficiency and extensibility and so on,a new anomaly detection algorithm was proposed.Large-scale high-speed network traffic was processed as signal,which can be decomposed into high,middle and low frequency bands.Then the key bands affecting network traffic were processed through the wavelet deviation algorithm.Eventually the deviation′s distribution within different time windows was derived,which can highlight anomalies.The experiments show the effectiveness,feasibility and high detection efficiency of the algorithm,which can be used to build an on-line real-time automatic anomaly detection system in large-scale high-speed network.


Background: The use of preventive cardiovascular medication by patients with low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is potentially inappropriate. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify barriers to and enablers of deprescribing potentially inappropriate preventive cardiovascular medication experienced by patients and general practitioners (GPs). Methods: A total of 10 GPs participating in the ECSTATIC trial (Evaluating Cessation of STatins and Antihypertensive Treatment In primary Care) audiotaped deprescribing consultations with low-CVD-risk patients. After initial conventional content analysis, 2 researchers separately coded all barriers to and enablers of deprescribing medication using framework analysis. We performed a within-case and cross-case analysis to explore barriers and enablers among both patients and GPs. Results: Patients (n = 49) and GPs (n = 10) expressed barriers and enablers with regard to the appropriateness of the medication and the deprescribing process. A family history for CVD was identified as a barrier to deprescribing medication for both patients and GPs. Patients feared possible consequences of deprescribing and were influenced by the opinion of their GP. Additionally, a presumed disapproving opinion from specialists influenced the GPs' willingness to deprescribe medication. Conclusions: Patients appreciated discussing their doubts regarding deprescribing potentially inappropriate preventive cardiovascular medication. Furthermore, they acknowledged their GP's expertise and took their opinion toward deprescribing into consideration. The GPs' decisions to deprescribe were influenced by the low CVD risk of the patients, additional risk factors, and the alleged specialist's opinion toward deprescribing. We recommend deprescribing consultations to be patient centered, with GPs addressing relevant themes and probable consequences of deprescribing preventive cardiovascular medication.


Community based Tourism paradigm as a concept of alternative tourism has been able to provide distribution to community either in welfare or empowerment towards sustainable tourism. In relation to this paradigm, this study was conducted to analyze the impacts of rural tourism development in Pinge village. Pinge is one of the village in Tabanan- Bali which has been developed to be rural tourism destination.The approach used in this research was qualitative descriptive. Technique of collecting data was through interviewing with community leader and conducting field observations in order to find out positive and negative impacts to economy, socio cultural and environment to this village. The researcher found that the development of rural tourism provides positive and negative impacts to society in Pinge. From the result of data collection, there were found that economy of society was improved, the culture was preserved, and the environment was arranged well. The result of this study is expected to be a reference study in rural tourism development in Pinge village through controlling the negative impacts from this tourism destination development.


We present simple formulas for the degradation in beam quality factor M2 of a laser beam caused by quartic phase aberrations, such as may occur in spherically aberrated optical components, thermally aberrated rods or windows, or divergent beams passing through planar dielectric interfaces, as in unstable-resonator diode lasers. The beam quality degradation in all cases is found to be small for beams smaller than a certain critical spot size wq, but degrades as M2 approximately equals (w/wq)4 for beam sizes greater than wq. Experimental results confirming the beam quality degradation from an uncorrected plano- convex lens are also given.


This paper presents the damage effect and mechanism of high power microwave (HPM) on AlGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor (pHEMT) from drain electrode. A two-dimensional electro-thermal model of the typical HEMT is established by simulation software ISE-TCAD. Mobility degradation in high electric field and avalanche generate effect are considered, analyze the distributions and variations of the electric field, the current density and the temperature. The simulation results suggest that intrinsic excitation, avalanche breakdown, thermal breakdown all contribute to damage process. Heat accumulation occurs during the negative half cycle and below the gate near the drain side is most susceptible to burn-out.


CARLA. We create the dataset by randomly selecting a spawn point for the ego vehicle and recording in the first step a segmentation mask of the empty scene. We then randomly spawn objects around the ego vehicle and record an input image as well as another segmentation mask of the scene, while all objects including the ego vehicle are static. The latter pair of image and ground truth serve as input image and unperturbed / clean reference ground truth for evaluation. Thereafter, we copy the connected component of the clean annotation mask into the first one and randomly select components to omit in order to induce label errors. When recording the same scene multiple times in CARLA, the ground truth typically varies at boundaries of connected components due to rendering effects. Our procedure of ground truth generation avoids this effect. The CARLA simulator's semantic segmentation sensor provides very precised annotated segmentation masks. To emulate human annotated masks and to make our synthetic dataset more realistic, we smooth these masks in order to reduce the degree of detailedness. We proceed class by class and consider the classes of Pedestrians, Poles, Vegetation, and Vehicles (in arbitrary order). More precisely, our smoothing process proceeds as follows: For a given street scene, we first create binary maps for each class where every pixel of the class under consideration for smoothing obtains some value i ∈ N and we associate 0 to every other pixel. The value i enables us to control how much an object is smoothed. For our smoothing we set i = 10. We then apply a Gaussian smoothing kernel onto the binary masks and use these smoothed binary masks as index map to overwrite the values of the corresponding pixels in the original segmentation mask with the currently smoothed class value. To avoid that we override values of pixels that belong to a component that is in fact in front (in terms of visual depth) of a component of the smoothed class, we use depth information provided by CARLA to determine during smoothing for each pixel which class is in front. After we finished this smoothing process we fill the windows of vehicles in the scene as CARLA ignores them in the labeling process. Lastly, we remove the road lines and overwrite them with the class road. The result of this process can be seen in fig. 4.


Agricultural enterprises can establish and maintain good relationships with external stakeholders by fulfilling their own CSR, and obtain key external knowledge and important external resources through these relationship channels, and then realize their own technological innovation and promotion. At the same time, relevant management personnel of agricultural enterprises should pay attention to the issue of CSR input intensity in the process of fulfilling CSR, and should try to avoid getting into relationships with these stakeholders due to excessive reliance on CSR to meet the demands of relevant external stakeholders. In this way, it brings unnecessary costs to the technological innovation activities of enterprises, and ultimately leads to the reduction of innovation efficiency and performance. This article puts forward the research on the impact of agricultural corporate social responsibility on the continuous innovation of the enterprise itself. Agricultural enterprises are considering CSR as a means to promote corporate technological innovation and are investing in it. Relevant managers must first think about whether there are some inert factors in the company, including outdated organizational processes and organizational practices. Once such inert factors are discovered, in order to ensure that the company's investment in CSR can finally be effectively transformed into corporate technology Innovative performance, it is necessary for relevant managers to take some targeted actions in the specific practice process to overcome the negative effects of these inertia factors.


In 1993 Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, issued the first formal Corps-wide analysis procedure providing guidance for analyzing the effects of barge impact loading on navigation structures. The guidance was rescinded in 2001 due to concerns about the conservatism of the computed results for usual and unusual loadings and accuracy with shallow approach impact angles and direct head-on impact. This paper addresses the interpretation of full-scale, low-velocity, controlled barge train (15-barge) impact experiments conducted at the decommissioned Gallipolis Lock at Robert C. Byrd Lock and Dam, Gallipolis Ferry, W.V. Two sets of methodologies were used to interpret the barge-to-wall impact data: (1) the use of the equations of equilibrium combined with an assumed value for the coefficient of friction between the barge train and the stiff-to-rigid wall, and (2) the energy method. A simplified empirical correlation is presented to calculate the maximum impact force as a function of the linear momentum normal to the wall using forces measured during these full-scale impact experiments. This empirical correlation is the basis for new Corps guidance for calculating glancing-blow impact forces.


The invention relates to a valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide pharmaceutical composition and a preparation method thereof. The pharmaceutical composition is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of valsartan, 12.5 parts of hydrochlorothiazide, 20-80 parts of lactose, 20-80 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2-10 parts of poloxamer, 4-20 parts of low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, a moderate amount of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 0.4-2 parts of silicon dioxide, and 0.5-5 parts of sodium stearyl fumarate. The pharmaceutical composition is prepared through the processes of carrying out micronization on the components in advance, controlling the particle sizes of raw materials, adding a moderate amount of cosolvent, granulating by using a common wet method, and tabletting. The pharmaceutical composition is simple in production process, effectively improves the dissolution rate of drugs, and has the advantages of fast disintegration, quick dissolution, good stability, and the like.


It was conjectured in [Wang, to appear in The Australasian Journal of Combinatorics] that, for each integer k ≥ 2, there exists M(k) such that if G= (V1, V2, E) is a bipartite graph with |V1| = |V2| = n ≥ M(k) and d(x) + d(y) ≥ n + k for each pair of nonadjacent vertices x and y of G with x e V1 and y e V2, then, for any k independent edges e1, …, ek of G, there exist k vertex-disjoint cycles C1, …, Ck in G such that ei e E(Ci for all i e {1, …, k} and V(C1 ⊎ ··· ∪ Ck) = V(G). This conjecture is also verified for k = 2, 3 in [Wang, to appear; Wang, manuscript]. In this article, we prove this conjecture to be true if n ≥ 3k, i.e., M(k) ≤ 3k. We will also show that, if n ≥ 3k, then for any k independent edges e1, …, ek of G, there exist k vertex-disjoint cycles C1, …, Ck of length at most 6 in G such that ei e E(Ci) for all i e {1, …, k}. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 31: 333343, 1999


This work has the main objective of analyzing the side effects caused by the localization of the petrochemical plants distant from consuming market, on the logistics of distribution and competitiveness. The changes in the national petrochemical industry and the insertion of Rio de Janeiro ́s plants on the operation shall increase the southwest market dispute, which is responsible for 60% of the Gross Internal Product GIP, what it will probably cause an increase on the disadvantage situation of Camaçari ́s cluster, situated 2000 km from this market. This project shows the influences of a company ́s localization on the logistics and competitiveness, based on the study of a case in the petrochemical industry of Camaçari, under the logistics and supply chain's theories in the global competition. The results not only reveals the influences of the distance from the main consuming market on the cluster, but also can contribute for a better diagnostic model of the logistics process and point out alternatives way to make better services and increase the efficiency on the companies's logistics.


The study assesses effectiveness of CDGs on poverty reduction among individual members. This is based on the concept of sustainable development with context, structures and strategies as factors affecting poverty reduction. Quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. These involved 120 participants, 5 FGDs and 5KIIs. Participants were purposively and randomly sampled. Results reveal CDGs as a potential strategy in effective community development benefiting group members for poverty reduction. Such benefits include; social, economic, physical, human or environmental. However, group composition and processes pose challenges for benefits to trickle down to some members. Structural arrangement requiring leaders and other influential people like educated members to be in the forefront of interventions has proved challenging to the approach. This happens when self interests are at play leading to deprivations of some members to access benefits. Monitoring membership diversity focusing on group composition and operations is recommended for groups to effectively reduce poverty


The sustainable management of solid wastes stimulates metallurgic and metal mechanics industries to look for safety applications for these wastes. The present paper examines the fracture behavior of polymer concrete (PC) manufactured with recycled foundry waste in substitution of fresh one. The recycled foundry sand is contaminated with polymer resin from the mold making process. Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins were used as binder as cement substitute. The fracture results are analyzed by fracture energy; Gf, fracture toughness, KIc, and the crack tip opening displacement, CTOD. It is found that the use of recycled foundry sand significantly influences the fracture properties. The use of recycled sand increase fracture toughness and similar fracture energy is observed. These results show that recycled sand is an excellent alternative as raw material.


Objective To study the effects of health education on treatment compliance of patient with hyperplasia of mammary glands.Methods After implementing interventions such as psychology counseling and health education for 164 patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands,the compliance of the patients was understood through survey.Result There were significant differences between the compliance in medication,regular breast self-examinatin,further consultation,reasonable diets,breast care and moderate sports before and after 3 months of heatlh education(P 0.01).Conclusion Active and effective health education can keep in quick and timely contact with patient,shorten the distance between doctors and patients,improve patients' living habit,increase patients' degree of happiness and finally improve the recovery rate.


1. The Growth of Communities 2. Society and the Community 3. The Basis of the Community 4. Development 5. The Conditions of Social Development 6. Psychological Conditions: From Impulse to Will 7. Psychological Conditions: The Root-Interests of Man 8. The Interaction of Minds 9. The Social Factor 10. Intellectual Development 11. The Development of Institutions 12. The Interpretation of Social Development 13. Social Law and Social Science 14. Consistency in Development


In this paper, we consider the concept of food addiction from a clinical and neuroscientific perspective. Food addiction has an established and growing currency in the context of models of overeating and obesity, and its acceptance shapes debate and research. However, we argue that the evidence for its existence in humans is actually rather limited and, in addition, there are fundamental theoretical difficulties that require consideration.


The affirmation of homogenous cosmos originated from unique genesis of course implies any physical existence in cosmos is either the cosmic origin i0 itself or compound homology radically originated from cosmic origin i0, so we can formulate genic accumulation of any object in cosmos with homology genic integral equation as ∑m=∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0, which denotes genic integration of object along demiurgic homologic proliferation startingat cosmic origin "i0 " to some certain demiurgic proliferation terminal "X". (In the equation, "m" is just the abbreviation of "mass"). And on the other hand, as dynamic essentiality of time dynamic speed of time and inherent PNT correlation (Positive & Negative Transmutation correlation) between spacetime and matter which materializes activity heritance from dynamic spacetime to matter, any positive matter in spacetime must have absolute spacetime momentum of "mv=d(M←m)Y" (http://www.docin.com/p1-1197348288.html) absolute spacetime momentum of matter is usually cumulative quantity made up of compositive spacetime momentum existing in all configurable hiberarchies of reciprocal PNT combination, which come into being throughout original homologic multiplication of matter generation and formation, so we formulate the PNT dynamic cumulation of matter existing in all configurable hiberarchies of reciprocal PNT combination which originally come into being along cosmic demiurgic homologic multiplication starting at cosmic origin "i0 " to some certain demiurgic homologic multiplication terminal "X" as D[∫i0 X ] (In the definition equation, D is just the abbreviation of "Dynamic", which denotes the PNT dynamic connotation of genic accumulation ∑m=∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0).Integrated the both definition equations above, we can consequently arrive at the mathematical definition of homogenous cosmos originated from unique genesis as below: Homogenous cosmos originated from unique genesis ≝ ∑ ≡ D i f m → i 1. Mathematical Definition of Homogenous Cosmos Originated from Unique Genesis In accordance with cosmic demiurgic evolution of sequential homologic multiplication under precondition of Homogenous cosmos originated from unique genesis postulate, cosmic demiurgic evolution starting at cosmic genic origin i0, then follows sequential generation of field genic unit series of i1, i2, in with development of space field, then sequential generation of elementary genic units series of in+1, in+2, in+3,in+pin one continuous line following multiplication demiurgic proliferation of rich and colorful reciprocal PNT combinations for instinctive PNT reciprocal equilibrium towards optimum PNT operation, and ultimately makes up of the organic "cosmic homogeneity system". As cosmos is homogenous originated from unique genesis and generally come into being along sequential homologic multiplication of cosmic demiurgic evolution, if we just AASCIT Journal of Physics 2015; 1(4): 229-235 230 treat the so-called cosmic genic origin i0 a "cosmic quantum", and quantize any cosmic existence along cosmic demiurgic evolution of sequential homologic multiplication, we can define homogenous cosmos originated from unique genesis mathematically. Towards to the goal, as cosmic evolution starting at cosmic genic origin i0, let's denote the complete cosmic demiurgic evolution process as [i0, θ], and denote any segmentary process some certain object in cosmos original coming into being as [i0, X] ( [i0, X]⊆[i0, θ]), we denote the evolutional quantitative change of demiurgic process [i0, X] as f(mi0 → X), in the expression, m denotes mass of object in cosmos and just the abbreviation of "mass" or "material". Then, the material quantitative integral throughout demiurgic evolution of [i0, X] can be expressed as ∫i0 X f(mi0→X)d(i0→X), "i0→X" is just the symbolization of demiurgic process extension starting at cosmic genic origin "i0" to some certain evolutional terminal "X". Of course, we can denote the material integral of any cosmic object as "∑m" too, so we arrive at definition equation ∑m= ∫i0 X f(mi0→X)d(i0→X). This is just the so-called homology genic integral equation of any object in cosmos. And as cosmos is homogenous originated from unique genesis, any physical process in cosmos can be quantized by cosmic quantum i0 too, so the substantial connotation of "d(i0→X)" is exactly a single "i0", so the homology genic integral equation changes into∑m=∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0. In time current, as everlasting PNT performance between matter and spacetime, all objects exist in everlasting dynamic state, however, homology genic integral equation of subject in cosmos only gives expression to idiographic homogenous genic accumulation of discretionary cosmic object, but not including the innate dynamic connotation of object in spacetime. In order to give expression to the integrative living existence of cosmic subjects, we of course can not neglect the proper dynamic connotation congenitally embodied in homogenous genic accumulation of object for inherent PNT performance of matter. As preparatory step toward this topic, we primarily denote the innate dynamic connotation isochronously cumulated along the sequential progressional homologic proliferation starting at cosmic genic origini0 to some certain evolutional terminal X and congenitally embodied in the proper homologic configurable hiberarchies of object as∑D=D[∫i0 X PNT], and we just call this equation "PNT dynamic connotation integral equation", in the equation, "D" is just the abbreviation of "Dynamic". Virtually, the homogenous genic accumulation and the proper isochronous PNT dynamic connotation embodied in homology genic configurable hiberarchies of object are congenitally coexisting as perfect integrity. So it seems we ought not to keep the homology genic integral equation∑m =∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0 and PNT dynamic connotation integral equation∑D=D[∫i0 X PNT] separate, instead, we should anastomose the both equations into an integrative equation as∑Dm≡D[∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0]. Of course, even it's just the single field genic unit as i0, i1, i2, ... in instead of elementary genic units of in+1, in+2, in+3, ... in+p and the successively evolutional outgrowth of rich and colorful reciprocal PNT combinations in cosmos, as all field genic units coexist in everlasting mutual transmuting and transiting. If we expand the dynamic connotation of "D" incarnated in equation∑Dm≡D[∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0] to the everlasting dynamic mutual transmuting and transiting of field genic units, we then have made the applicable logic extension of equation ∑Dm≡D[∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0] crown all cosmic physical existence. That's to say, we can primarily denote any physical existences in cosmos as∑Dm≡D[∫i0 X f(mi0→X)i0]. Thus, we arrive at the mathematical definition of Homogenous Cosmos Originated from Unique Genesis as below:


Data quality is a significant concern in today's world.
The majority of organizations are being challenged by the data quality issues
both in the structural and systematic
context. Bad data quality is still being experienced even though
expensive tools have been innovated and incorporated into the data quality
control practices. Common measures of data quality metrics are accuracy,
completeness, proper dissemination, integrity, validity, uniqueness, and
consistency. For this reason, intense analysis and evaluation of the most
applicable ways in managing data quality can serve as a roadmap that can be
utilized by the company's executive team, practitioners and even learners in
formulating efficient planning as well as implementing feasible data and
information quality control and management programs. This paper is based on
intensive research and the use of practical examples and will seek the
evaluation of the challenges faced in data quality management. The paper will
also provide an analysis of data quality management from the local and global
context by giving critical inspection trends to improve the data quality, the
tools, techniques, and the policies that are necessary for achieving the data
quality management goal. By using the Civil Project Division (CPD) in Abu Dhabi
National oil company (ADNOC) and Dubai Health Insurance Corporation in Dubai
Health Authority (DHA) as the real-world examples, the paper will give a
critical viewpoint of the challenges, trends, policies, and techniques that
apply to data quality management.


It discloses a photoelectric cell and a method having a semiconductor layer of an improved structure. The photoelectric cell is provided with a first and second electrode and the oxide semiconductor layer provided on the first electrode between them to maintain a predetermined distance opposite, The oxide semiconductor layer and extend perpendicular to the base and the base includes a plurality of columnar rod to provide a fine pore, the base and the rod has a structure that is formed integrally. The oxide semiconductor layer of the electron transfer performance is improved by increasing the surface area, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased as the semiconductor surface layer increased. A photoelectric cell, the oxide semiconductor, the surface area


This experimental study was undertaken to resolve the contrasting viewpoints on the role of a microporous layer (MPL), attached to carbon paper porous transport layer (PTL), on the net water transport in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Experimental results on single cells with and without cathode MPL show no statistically significant change in the net drag coefficient that could be attributed to the presence of the MPL. In contrast to the two prevailing but contrasting viewpoints, our results indicate that the MPL on the cathode neither enhances back-diffusion nor increases water removal from the cathode catalyst layer to the PTL.


Recently, a common and popular method that produces competitive accuracy is to employ dense trajectories to identity human action. However, computing descriptors of dense trajectories may spend lots of time, and many trajectories which belong to the background trajectories may not be useful for the recognition. Moreover, the relationship between trajectories is always ignored. In this paper, we propose a trajectories-based motion neighborhood feature (TMNF) method for action recognition. We first select the trajectories of central particular region at the original video resolution to reduce the computation as well as the background trajectories. A new descriptor, which is referred to as TMNF, is proposed to explore the orientation and motion relationship between different trajectories. Finally, an improved vector of locally aggregated descriptors (IVLAD) method is used to represent videos and linear SVM is applied for classification. Experiments on the YouTube dataset demonstrate that our approach achieves superior performance.


Urban landscape is an indicator which reveals the organisation of society as well as the political and social strategies it develops. Kaliningrad is not new to this. The Russian city and region of the same name, landlocked within the European Union, has experienced many historical ruptures which can be seen in its landscape. Kaliningrad, the Soviet city, acquired and renamed in 1946 after the end of the Second World War, had to model its new Soviet identity. The city's German past was erased from official narratives. As a war trophy, the city's layout structures the organisation of social life and celebrates the Soviet victory with numerous monuments. At the end of the 20th century, Kaliningrad rediscovers Konigsberg, the German city of which few material traces remain. This historiographical opening is accompanied by a new materialisation process of the German identity in the urban landscape, which becomes a new identity attribute for the city as well as a dissonant tourist attraction. This period is synonymous with significant autonomy for local authorities following the fall of the USSR, interrupted at the beginning of the 2000s by the strengthening of the vertical of federal power and the Russian national affirmation in urban areas in Kaliningrad. Recurrent debates to rename the city will not succeed. Regardless of these ruptures, the local population created its own identity, without completely distancing itself from its Russian belonging. A phenomenon that is particularly illustrated by the local name of the current city used by its young inhabitants: "Kenig," a shortened form for Konigsberg.


Purpose & Value of this Book, Introduction, 1. What is Reflective Learning? 2. Different Types of Learning for the HSE Practitioner, 3. Importance of Reflective Learning for HSE Practitioners, 4. Methods of Reflective Learning 5. Discussion & Conclusions


Bimetal hacksaw blades have features of high cutting precision,low material loss and high work efficiency.Invention of bimetal hacksaw blades is seen as "revolution of cutting technology" in metal cutting domain.This article introduced capacity of global and internal bimetal hacksaw blades market.


Abstract We hold many different beliefs and values which are generally shared by the culture we are part of (or families of origin that matter) which are accepted as if they were basic truths, rarely acknowledged, discussed or questioned. This applies to everyone, ourselves as therapists as well as the families with whom we work. This paper considers some aspects of systems theory which can incorporate the wider cultural context with particular reference to developing a gender-sensitive approach in therapy. I will briefly discuss the concept of circularity, power relations and the practical tools of circular questions, reframing and positive connotation


Next to elevated non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, lipolytic metabolic conditions can be associated with hypo- and hyperglycemia. Previous research has shown that in the presence of high NEFAs, hypoglycemia (LO GLUC) during IVM hampers embryo development to a greater extend as compared to hyper- (HI GLUC) and normoglycemic conditions. Blastocyst metabolism and carbohydrate- and oxidative stress related gene expression were not affected, but blastocysts from LO- and HI GLUC exposed oocytes showed a higher degree of apoptosis. As a consequence we aimed to study the effects of hypo- and hyperglycemia in presence of elevated NEFAs on oocyte metabolism, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation (ROS). Hereto bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were routinely matured (1 COC/10µL medium) during 24h under different NEFA and GLUC levels: 1) physiological NEFA (72µM palmitic, stearic, oleic acid) and routine IVM GLUC (5.5mM) ( = CONT), 2) pathophysiological NEFA (420µM) and routine GLUC ( = HI NEFA), 3) HI NEFA+HI GLUC (10mM) and 4) HI NEFA+LO GLUC (2.8mM). Initial and conditioned medium was sampled (4 repeats) and analyzed for glucose and lactate concentrations. After IVM, all COCs were fixed and stained with caspase-3 and HOECHST to determine apoptosis (n = 182, 3 repeats) or denuded and stained for intracellular ROS during 30min using H2DCFDA (n = 79, 3 repeats). H2DCFDA fluorescence intensity was quantified using ImageJ and COC apoptosis was classified as: 75% cumulus cell apoptosis. All data were compared between 4 treatments using a mixed model ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc (IBM SPSS Statistics 20). Means ± SEM are presented. COCs exposed to HI NEFA+HI GLUC consume significantly less glucose (485 ± 63 pmol/COC/h) compared with the other treatments (mean of 894 ± 35 pmol/COC/h). HI NEFA+HI GLUC and HI NEFA+LO GLUC exposed COCs produced significantly less lactate (1738 ± 192 and 1848 ± 51 pmol/COC/h, respectively) than CONT and HI NEFA exposed COCs (3573 ± 212 and 3494 ± 289 pmol/COC/h). In addition, LACT/GLUC ratio was significantly lower in all treated COCs compared with CONT, with the lowest LACT/GLUC ratio in HI NEFA+LO GLUC exposed COCs indicating a shift of glucose towards pathways other than glycolysis. No differences were observed in COC apoptosis between treatments. Oocyte ROS was significantly higher in HI NEFA+HI GLUC exposed oocytes (15.85 ± 1.87) compared with HI NEFA+LO GLUC (13.06 ± 1.28) and HI NEFA oocytes (12.06 ± 1.11). In conclusion, lipolytic conditions with or without glycemic perturbations influence the oocyte's glucose and lactate metabolism. Whereas hypoglycemia in the presence of elevated NEFAs hampers embryo development the most, high GLUC exposed oocytes suffer from increased intracellular ROS. This could not be substantiated by increased cumulus cell apoptosis.


The site lies on the sloping ground east of the Acropolis, about 300 m. west of the central court of the Minoan palace and 200 m. south of the Unexplored Mansion. In Classical antiquity it must have been on the southern edge of the built-up city; more recently a small olive grove stood there, but this has been increasingly encroached upon by the southward extension of Knossos village. In 1974 house-building operations on the plot of Mr. C. Vlachakis revealed traces of ancient habitation and a cache of Roman sculpture. In the summer of 1976 the sinking of a bothros behind the new Vlachakis house brought to light a stretch of ancient walling and Hellenistic sherds in some quantity. A new excavation was undertaken by the B.S.A. at the request of Dr. St. Alexiou, Ephor of Antiquities in Iraklion and work continued for approximately six weeks. The trenches were then filled in and, later, covered over by a concrete terrace. The present paper contains a detailed study of all the stratigraphy and architectural phases together with a description and interpretation of the Classical and Hellenistic assemblage and occupation. Future papers will deal with the terracottas of this phase and with the earlier and later material.


The present invention relates to a wall panel and a manufacturing method thereof. The present invention discloses a gypsum wallboard, which is suitable for finishing stage 4, which has a first coated nonwoven glass fiber mat facing material and optionally having a coating on the other main surface on a main surface the second glass fiber mat. The first fiber mat comprises glass fibers having a diameter of most of the nominal 8-11 microns and a fiber length of 1 / 4-3 / 4 inch fibers, and having from about 1.7lb / 100ft2- about 2.0lb / 100ft2 basis weight; the second glass fiber mat comprising a majority of at least a nominal fiber diameter of 13 microns and not more than about 16 microns and a fiber length of 3 / 4-1 inch fibers, and having from about 1.8lb / 100ft2- about 2.2lb / 100ft2 of basis weight, and wherein the two fiber mat of nonwoven glass fibers bonded together with an acrylic adhesive.


A hydraulic cylinder for generating vibrations which comprises: a cylinder body; a hollow piston rotatably mounted in said cylinder body; and a valve rotor rotatably engaged within said hollow piston, said valve rotor having a change-over valve portion adapted to be rotated for applying hydraulic loads to said piston alternately in axially opposite directions.


The compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR facility near Darmstadt, Germany, will investigate baryonic matter at highest net-baryon densities but moderate temperatures by colliding nuclei at beam energies from 10 to 45 A GeV. Among the key observables are low-mass vector mesons and charmonium decaying into lepton pairs as they leave the hot and dense fireball without further interactions, thus providing undisturbed information from this early dense phase of the collision. In this paper, investigations for both decay channels, di-electrons and di-muons are presented in terms of detector concepts, simulations and feasibility studies.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the benefit and safety of continuous femoral nerve block in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

METHODS
From December 2008 to August 2009, 80 patients with total knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups, 40 patients in each group. In group A the pain-control was dominanted by continuous femoral nerve block, there were 5 males adn 35 females with an average age of (65.0 +/- 4.2) years old; In group B the pump of vein odynolysis was used, there were 5 males and 35 females with an average age of (64.7 +/- 8.5) years old. The treatment of relieve pain continued for 3 days. The pain of visual analog scale (VAS), sleep condition, early-stage rehabilitation and adverse effects were recorded.

RESULTS
The VAS scores of group A was lower than that of group B at 2, 6, 24, 36, 48, 56, 72 h after operation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); The sleep condition and early-stage rehabilitation of group A were better than that of group B. The complications of group B occurrenced more than group A; The analgetica of group B were used more than that of group A.

CONCLUSION
The continuous femoral nerve block is an effective pain relieve method and is benefical to rehabilitation from total knee arthroplasty early.


680Background: Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) play a significant role in cell cycle regulation. Aberrations involving the cell cycle pathway genes can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and genomic instability. These could potentially be targeted with CDK4/6 inhibitors. The frequency and type of these alterations in GI tumors is largely unknown. Methods: We analyzed the frequency of abnormalities in cell cycle genes in patients with diverse GI malignancies (colorectal, liver, pancreas, gastroesophageal, anal, appendix) that underwent next generation sequencing from January 2013 to August 2017. Results: Aberrations in the cell cycle pathway were identified in 33 of 299 (11%) of cancers. The frequency of aberrations was as follows: CDKN2A/B in 10 (30.3%), CCND1 in 7 patients (pts) (21.2%), CCND2 in 2 pts (6%), CEBPA in 2 pts (6%), CDK6 in 2 pts (6%), CDK8 in 2 pts (6%) and CDK2 in 1 (3%). Alteration involving multiple genes of cell cycle noted in 7 patients (21.2%) with combination of CCND1 and CDKN2A...


According to the causes of fresh concrete segregation and combining with the concept of uniformity, the article proposes a evaluation method of fresh concrete segregation,and based on it,the evaluation index of segregation( segregation degree) is established. The experiment shows that the segregation degree and the strength of concrete are in inverse proportion,verifying the evaluation system of segregation degree is correct and reasonable. Meanwhile,the results show that mixing time and placing time can affect the segregation degree of the concrete. In this way,the article suggests engineering production control the mixing time in a reasonable range and try to shorten the placing time to gain a lower segregation degree.


Applying traditional mathematical programming techniques to problems in production planning can lead to tremendous challenges. These include non-linearities, very large numbers of constraints and weak linear programming relaxations. To ensure tractability, problems are often either simplified in scope or limited in instance size, resulting in solutions that may no longer address important real-world issues. As an alternative, this paper considers the use of models based on composite variables (variables that capture multiple decisions simultaneously) as a way to solve complex production planning problems. The scheduling of an automotive stamping facility is used as a demonstrative example, and it is shown how composite variable models and a novel corresponding algorithm can lead to high-quality, realistic solutions with acceptable run times. In the proposed approach, batch sizes, labor availability or sequencing of part types is not restricted and the number of changeovers is not fixed a priori. In addition, sequence-dependent changeover times and varying due dates are allowed. Computational results are presented using data from Ford Motor Company. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of IIE Transactions for the following free supplemental resource: Appendix]


The author discusses the process of developing a general life cycle history for a multi-platform avionics system using the mission profiles and mission mixes of the different aircraft. In addition, a method of specifying the proper overall composite operating environment is offered. It is shown that quality and integrity can be designed into avionics/electronics equipment when the environmental criteria are evaluated and understood. These criteria can be implemented into the design, and the design developed from a known set of conditions. In the case of multiple platforms, a method of comparison and further tailoring of environments to take into account extremes and the special conditions of each platform is required. The overall composite environment is the result of defining an envelope that contains the extremes of all the platforms and incorporates the levels and durations for these extremes. These environments can then be incorporated into the test and evaluation program to assure that the equipment will perform properly in its intended environment.<<ETX>>


The dual-process theory of career decision making (DTC) proposes four processual mechanisms that explain the career decision-making process and outcomes. Although research has examined the validity of the four processual mechanisms using a cross-sectional dataset in China, the roles of the four mechanisms in career decision making cannot be fully established without longitudinal and cross-cultural analyses. Using a sample of U.S. college students ( n = 206), the current study examined the validity of the four processual mechanisms in explaining the joint operation of five major decision-making difficulties with subsequent career decidedness as the criterion. The results supported not only the standalone mechanisms of managing state and persistent decision uncertainty but also the joint mechanisms from managing state (persistent) uncertainty to managing persistent (state) uncertainty. Therefore, the current study adds evidence to the DTC, particularly regarding the scientific and practical necessity of differentiating between state and persistent decision uncertainty and between reducing uncertainty and reducing the threat of uncertainty. Additionally, the current study offers interesting implications for the interplay of major decision difficulties across different sociocultural contexts of China and the U.S.


Background: Self-medication usually leads to irrational drug utilization pattern leading to various issues like economic burden, incomplete treatment and antibiotic resistance. Self-medication is a common practice in developing countries and prevalent among medical students, influencing their future decision making as medical professional. The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence of self-medication among medical students and their attitude towards the same.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from July 2015 to Oct 2015. Structured and validated questions were used to collect information about knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among undergraduate medical students. The study included total of 328 participants. Data were collected from each participant and analyzed statistically by using SPSS version 20 for count and percentages.Results: A total of 328 subjects studying at a medical school were assessed regarding their practice, attitude and perception of self-medication behavior. Out of total recruited subjects, 53% were males and 47% were females. The prevalence of self-medication among recruited subjects was 89.9%. Symptoms like fever, Headache and weakness were the most common reasons of self-medication. The most commonly used drugs were antipyretic, analgesics (81.7%), antibiotics (51.2%). Approximately 15% subjects were not aware about the completion of the course of antibiotic treatment. Subjects obtained information and procured drugs from their family members, friends and pharmacist and the reasons for this were cited as lack of time, minor ailments and quick relief. Only 32.6% students opined that self-medication should be encouraged in future.Conclusions: Current study reveals that practice of self-medication is highly prevalent among medical students without adequate knowledge of drugs used. Students should be educated regarding advantages and disadvantages of self-medication.


The natural gas generator is recommended to use in production station in order to make use of associated gas.A natural gas purification unit should be used to purify the natural gas because of water,light oil and particles associated,these treatments is benefit the stable supply.The paper presents its process chart,design data and practicle application.


The cultural literacy of English teachers is one major part of teachers' comprehensive qualities,which has a direct relationship with the cultivation and development of talents. After investigating the current situation of English teachers' cultural literacy at compulsory education level,this paper focuses on exploring and analyzing the strategies and necessity of increasing English teacher's cultural literacy.


In this work we describe carrier depletion MZI and ring modulators, cavity structures for modulation enhancement and QCSE modulators, all of which are under development as part of the UK Silicon Photonics project and the European HELIOS project.


Science is included in the school curriculum for two reasons. First, it has a role in helping students to understand their environment and to develop skills in the application of scientific methods to the solution of problems. Second, it provides basic training for those students who will subsequently follow careers in science and technology. These aspects of the school science curriculum reflect common national development strategies that in turn have two strands. One strand requires the population as a whole to have a good understanding of the purposes and scope of science and technology so that the citizens may share as well-informed participants in the process of national development. A second strand is the need for the country to have a sufficiently large group of persons trained in science and technology to help the country in those aspects of its national development that depend on technical competence. The Second International Science Study (SISS) is being undertaken to provide an overview of science education across the world. It will provide data and results to inform debate about the nature and content of school science education that will best suit the needs of the students and the societies to which they belong. The SISS, which started in 1981, is building on earlier IEA work in this area carried out as part of the IEA's Six-Subject Survey in 1970.' The earlier study is now referred to as the First International Science Study (FISS). The SISS is taking place in 26 educational systems that encompass a range of levels of national development: Australia, Canada (Englishspeaking), Canada (French-speaking), China, England, Finland, Ghana, Hong Kong, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Poland, Singapore, Sweden, Tanzania, Thailand, the United States, and Zimbabwe. Three target populations have been defined for the study. Population 1 basically involves students at the 10-year-old (year 5) level. Population 2 involves students at the 14-year-old (year 9) level. Population 3 involves science students at the final-year secondary level, usually year 12. Further information about these populations is given below.


The process of the laser-induced direct deposition is that the original film on the back side of an optically transparent substrate is directly transferred to a target substrate locatted behind the film by focused pulsed laser radiation[ 1] . Only a small region of the original film, which is exposed by focused laser rediatiom, can be transferred to the target substrate using this technique. Obviously, the advantage of the new technique is to fabricate micro spots of thin films. In principle, micrometer spot of thin film can be fabricated by this technique, because laser beam can be focused in micrometer spot. Probably it is a potentially powerful technique for the fabrication of micro and opto-electronics devices.


Article History: Received 15 October 2019 Accepted 10 May 2020 Available 03 January 2021 This paper presents a state and fault observer design for a class of TakagiSugeno implicit models (TSIMs) with unmeasurable premise variables satisfying the Lipschitz constraints. The fault variable is constituted by the actuator and sensor faults. The actuator fault affects the state and the sensor fault affects the output of the system. The approach is based on the separation between dynamic and static relations in the TSIM. Firstly, the method begins by decomposing the dynamic equations of the algebraic equations. Secondly, the fuzzy observer design that satisfies the Lipschitz conditions and permits to estimate simultaneously the unknown states, actuator and sensor faults is developed. The aim of this approach for the observer design is to construct an augmented model where the fault variable is added to the state vector. The exponential convergence of the state estimation error is studied by using the Lyapunov theory and the stability condition is given in term of only one linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, numerical simulation results are given to highlight the performances of the proposed method by using a TSIM of a single-link flexible joint robot.