Mollusc communities are getting endangered in the aftermath of urban sprawl because artificial structures do not surrogate natural substrates. In this study, we compared the diversity, community and trophic arrangements of molluscs among different models of artificial substrate and their adjacent natural rock, to detect relationships between some abiotic variables and the mollusc communities. Complexity, chemical composition and age were tested as potential drivers of the community. Diversity, community and trophic structure differed between natural and artificial substrates. Complexity at the scale of cm was detected as the most important factor driving the community structure. In addition, a chemical composition based on silica and/or scarce calcium carbonates seems to be relevant for molluscs, as well as for the secondary substrate where they inhabit. However, age did not seem to be a driving factor. Among the different artificial structures, macroscale complexity was detected as the main factor diverging a drastically poor community at seawall from other artificial structures. In this context, macro and microscale complexity, chemical composition and mineral type are variables to consider in future designs of artificial substrates.


Exploration for gas in rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician age is on the upswing as the Devonian Clinton and Medina tight gas sands play starts to wind down in the Ohio portion of the Appalachian basin. The area's intrepid independent operators refer to the objective formations as Ordovician Trempealeau dolomite, Rose Run sandstone, Copper Ridge dolomite, Knox dolomite, Beekmantown dolomite, and Cambrian Rome and Mount Simon sandstones. Rose Run drilling is centered in Coshocton, Holmes, and Tuscarawas counties. The formation underlies roughly the eastern half of the state and is the subject of a detailed geologic investigation.


Practical Software for Aligning ESTs to Human Genome.- Efficient Text Mining with Optimized Pattern Discovery.- Application of Lempel-Ziv Factorization to the Approximation of Grammar-Based Compression.- Block Merging for Off-Line Compression.- String Matching with Stopper Encoding and Code Splitting.- Pattern Matching Problems over 2-Interval Sets.- The Problem of Context Sensitive String Matching.- Two-Pattern Strings.- Edit Distance with Move Operations.- Towards Optimally Solving the Longest Common SubsequenceProblem for Sequences with Nested Arc Annotations in Linear Time.- Local Similarity Based Point-Pattern Matching.- Identifying Occurrences of Maximal Pairs in Multiple Strings.- Space-Economical Algorithms for Finding Maximal Unique Matches.- The Minimum DAWG for All Suffixes of a String and Its Applications.- On the Complexity of Deriving Position Specific Score Matrices from Examples.- Three Heuristics for ?-Matching: ?-BM Algorithms.- A Better Method for Length Distribution Modeling in HMMs and Its Application to Gene Finding.- Faster Bit-Parallel Approximate String Matching.- One-Gapped q-Gram Filters for Levenshtein Distance.- Optimal Exact and Fast Approximate Two Dimensional Pattern Matching Allowing Rotations.- Statistical Identification of Uniformly Mutated Segments within Repeats.- Simple and Practical Sequence Nearest Neighbors with Block Operations.- Constructing NFAs by Optimal Use of Positions in Regular Expressions.


Introduction: Maxillary molar intrusion has been regarded as one of the difficult orthodontic tooth movements when prevention of undesirable movement and root resorption are empirically considered. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of various intrusive forces on maxillary first molar using - finite element method. Materials and Methods: Geometric model of maxillary 1 st molar was generated using software ANSYS Workbench 11. The loading condition was designed to mimic conventional orthodontic tooth movement which was subjected to three different intrusive force magnitudes via 150 g, 180 g and 210 g and was put through finite element analysis (FEA). Results: The results were suggested high stress concentration at furcation level of the tooth and compression was seen in apical third of root area of the periodontal ligament (PDL) except in palatal side of palatal root. Conclusion: The furcation area of the tooth is most prone to root resorption and compression was observed in apical third of all root area of PDL except in palatal side of palatal. Displacement at cervical region in palatal side of PDL, at central fossa of the tooth and at the cervico-palatal region of alveolar bone. The results gained through FEA should be integrated with the clinical experiences to maximize accuracy.


X-ray scattering studies on aligned films of binary mixtures of the normal alkanes C{sub 23}H{sub 48} and C{sub 28}H{sub 58} reveal, for the first time in such materials, the existence of a new equilibrium phase having the symmetry of a smectic crystal, possibly a hexatic. This phase occurs between the hexagonally packed {ital R}{sub II} and the lower-temperature orthorhombic {ital R}{sub I}, plastic crystalline, layered, rotator phases. We argue that this loss of order is due to local distortion fluctuations in the hexagonal phase. Furthermore, we have identified an {ital ABC}-to-{ital ABAB} restacking transition within the ordered {ital R}{sub II} phase.


This paper explores the value of stochastic simulation as a tool for predicting current or future reliability of machinery or component parts, it helps to enhance and certify more realistic results by increasing the confidence levels by carrying out replications and seeing the changes that occur. A simulation model has been constructed based on theoretical fundamentals has been developed which support the creation of the main elements for building and implementing stochastic models accurately. It represents the processes of a machine that has three parameters; namely those are drill head, dusting and lubrication. The consumption of these parameters results in the development of a probability of failure for the machine that can be validated by the Hugin software.


The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-2 or kinase insertdomain receptor (KDR) have emerged as attractive targets for the design of novel anticancer agents. In the present work, molecular docking method combined with three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indice analysis (CoMSIA)) to analyze the possible interactions between KDR and those derivatives which acted as selective inhibitors. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models gave a cross-validated coefficient Q2 of 0.713 and 0.549, non-cross-validated R2 values of 0.974 and 0.878, and predicted R2 values of 0.966 and 0.823, respectively. The 3D contour maps generated by the CoMFA and CoMSIA models were used to identify the key structural requirements responsible for the biological activity. The information obtained from 3D-QSAR and docking studies were very helpful to design novel selective inhibitors of KDR with desired activity and good chemical property.


MILD combustion has a wide potential in enhancing thermal efficiency with nearly zero emissions. It has no visible flame since the radiation from the reacting zones is attenuated due to both the intermediate species at reduced temperatures, induced by intensely burned gas recirculation, and the absence of particulate emitters. Beyond these main features, there are other characteristics such as temperature uniformity and distributed ignition that have to be addressed and analyzed looking at the peculiar role of the heat transfer for such reactors. First, the category of combustion systems object of the study is described. Afterwards an analysis on the heat transfer mechanisms under MILD combustion of gaseous fuels is carried out. Therefore, in this Mini-Review, several literature findings highlighting the role of the heat transfer on the combustion peculiarities of MILD reactors (i.e., temperature uniformity, distributed ignition, low pollutant emissions) are reported and discussed. Heat exchange modes, in fact, contribute to providing MILD macroscopic characteristics by means of the strong interplay between wall and gas heat transfer, instead of the reactive structure. In particular, the thermal behavior of these systems is analyzed in order to stress the distinctive role of the heat loss and the relative contributions of the convective and radiative terms. Heat transfer mechanisms between gas and walls and their interactions, in fact, favor the wide temperature distribution within the chamber. In order to better understand the different effects of the heat transfer under MILD regime, the mechanisms regarding walls and recirculating gas are separately investigated.


The utility model relates to a flaw detection car for industrial X ray, and belongs to the technical field of electromechanical equipment and methods. The technical scheme is as follows: an industrial X ray flaw detection machine (3) is placed on a ray machine holder (4), the lower end of the ray machine holder (4) is connected with a lifting barrel (2) in an insertable manner, the lower part of the lifting barrel (2) is connected with an internal thread sleeve (9) by welding, the internal thread sleeve (9) is connected with a lifting lead screw (10) by internal thread engagement, one end of a single-phase condenser motor (15) is connected with a controller (17) while the other end of the single-phase condenser motor (15) is connected with the lifting lead screw (10) through a driving lead screw (13) and a reversing gear (14). The flaw detection car has the positive effects of being simple and convenient to detach, carrying the industrial X ray flaw detection machine, meeting different requirements of moving forward and backward, moving left and right, moving up and down, rotating circumferentially, and on the like, greatly improving the working efficiency when executing industrial ray flaw detection at production site or in the field, and reducing the labor intensity.


Case teaching is an effective method in the teaching of financial management,but there are still some misunderstanding and problems,such as the case is old,teaching methods lag and teachers have no enough experiences.So we need to reform the following aspects in order to promote the effective implementation of the case teaching: enhancing the attention and input on the case teaching,improving teaching methods,teaching means and the level of theory and practical experience of the teachers,and reforming student performance assessment mechanism.


Background: SCAB1 is a novel plant-specific actin-bundling protein. Results: SCAB1 consists of an actin-binding domain, two coiled-coil dimerization domains, and a fused immunoglobulin and pleckstrin homology domain with an atypical binding site for inositol phosphates. Conclusion: SCAB1 is a dimeric actin cross-linker and may be regulated by inositol signaling. Significance: This work provides a structural framework to understand the function of SCAB1. SCAB1 is a novel plant-specific actin-binding protein that binds, bundles, and stabilizes actin filaments and regulates stomatal movement. Here, we dissected the structure and function of SCAB1 by structural and biochemical approaches. We show that SCAB1 is composed of an actin-binding domain, two coiled-coil (CC) domains, and a fused immunoglobulin and pleckstrin homology (Ig-PH) domain. We determined crystal structures for the CC1 and Ig-PH domains at 1.9 and 1.7 Å resolution, respectively. The CC1 domain adopts an antiparallel helical hairpin that further dimerizes into a four-helix bundle. The CC2 domain also mediates dimerization. At least one of the coiled coils is required for actin binding, indicating that SCAB1 is a bivalent actin cross-linker. The key residues required for actin binding were identified. The PH domain lacks a canonical basic phosphoinositide-binding pocket but can bind weakly to inositol phosphates via a basic surface patch, implying the involvement of inositol signaling in SCAB1 regulation. Our results provide novel insights into the functional organization of SCAB1.


Purpose: A giant macular hole with retinal detachment occurred in a patient who had undergone several surgical treatments for retinal detachment, macular hole, and complicated cataracts. Here we report a case of successful retinal attachment and macular hole closure for this patient after autologous retinal flap transplantation. Case summary: Recently, an 18-year-old female presented with a newly developed visual field disturbance in her left eye. She had been on medication for severe atopic dermatitis in the past and seven years ago underwent scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, and complicated cataract surgery due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of the left eye. Five years ago, extensive internal limiting membrane peeling, intravitreal gas tamponade, and aftercataract removal were performed due to the development of a macular hole with retinal detachment of the left eye. Thereafter, although the retina was reattached, closure of the macular hole was not successful. Recently, a giant macular hole with a retinal detachment was detected in this patient accompanied by symptoms of visual disturbance. Autologous retinal flap transplantation and intravitreal silicone oil tamponade were performed. Two months after the operation, she underwent silicone oil removal. Successful closure of the macular hole and retinal reattachment were confirmed. Conclusions: In a patient with a refractory giant macular hole with retinal detachment, the closure of the hole and retinal reattachment were successfully achieved after retinal flap transplantation, without viscoelastics or perfluorocarbon liquid. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2020;61(9):1090-1094


Over time, ways of investing and the factors influencing this process have continuously evolved. The starting point was traditional trade, moving to export and then finally getting to international investment. Investors, policy makers and researchers have become increasingly concerned with identifying the factors that determine the investment decision and also the conditions that can increase international investment. There are several studies on this topic, and we have chosen to go over the most relevant in the first part of the paper. In the second part we analyze the evolution of FDI before and during the economic downturn, defining specificity and implications for Romania. In the third part of the paper we analyze some measures designed to boost FDI.


Summary. The equations describing seismic waves in a stratified earth have a number of symmetry properties, one of which has recently been used by Garmany to derive a simple expression for the inverse of the matrix of eigen- vectors appearing in the solution of the equations. We review these symmetries of the wave equation in several notations to demonstrate that the property used by Garmany is distinct from the usual symmetries found in the seismological literature. Like the others, the new symmetry has implications for the reflection and transmission properties of a medium. These implications are briefly reviewed in order to show how the new symmetry is placed relative to the others. A limited discussion of the physical origins of the symmetries is given and, though the overall picture is incomplete, it is noted that the new symmetry yields conservation of energy for reflection/ transmission at a single interface in all types of media (anisotropic, lossy, etc.).


1. Some criticisms of the classical approach to constructing a selection index are advanced. This approach (the economic model) is contrasted with an alternative one (the biological model) which is derived from the concept of the biological efficiency of production of lean tissues. The selection objective which is proposed from the biological model is the improvement of lean tissue feed conversion. The most important single means of achieving this is increasing the lean tissue growth rate.2. The approaches were compared in three studies: (a) the effects of errors in economic and genetic parameters of the economic index; (b) phenotypic relationships between biological objectives and other measures of performance; (c) a theoretical model based on the utilization of metabolizable energy.3. In a fixed situation the results were similar for both models, but the main advantage of the biological model is that it gives good indications of what happens, and what selection policies should be, in different situations. In addition, lean tissue feed conversion and lean tissue growth rate are closely related to concepts widely applied in biology, and their use as selection objectives should be helpful in enabling workers in many disciplines to make use of each other's knowledge.


This paper compares the innovation networks generated by two network-based policies (NBPs) implemented in two Italian regions. Social Network Analysis was used to understand whether the networks differ in their local configurations and in the role played by research institutions. To this aim, Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) were estimated on relational data recording joint participation in collaborative R&D projects. Results indicate that the two networks emerge from different local-level processes. In the first case a core-periphery structure arises from degree centralization driven by one focal actor. In the second case, although transitive closure across projects cannot be realized, the overall structure is more balanced. In the first network, however, companies and research organizations show a higher propensity towards joint participation in collaborative projects. Further research is required to understand whether these characteristics can be ascribed to the policy design or to the greater sectoral diversification of the first network.


This paper studies the problem of robust absolute stability of a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with time-varying matrix uncertainties of polyhedral type and multiple time-varying sector nonlinearities. By using the variational method and the Lyapunov second method, criteria for robust absolute stability are obtained in different forms for the class of systems under consideration. Specifically, we determine the parametric classes of Lyapunov functions which define the necessary and sufficient conditions of robust absolute stability. We apply the piecewise-linear Lyapunov functions of the infinity vector norm type to derive an algebraic criterion for robust absolute stability in the form of solvability conditions of a set of matrix equations. Some simple sufficient conditions of robust absolute stability are given which become necessary and sufficient for several special cases. An example is presented as an application of these results to a specific class of systems with time-varying interval matrices in the linear part.


The rapid evolution and development of computing systems and networking technologies resulted in the use of the Internet as a global communication infrastructure. Every day new computers or local area networks are connected via gateways and Internet service providers to the Internet and contributes to its exponential growth. The popularity of the Internet is largely due to the influence of the World Wide Web (WWW). The WWW is the fastest growing segment of the Internet and is now accepted as the standard information support system in many important sectors of life activities such as finance, education, travel, business, science, health care, art etc. Nowadays, the WWW is the platform for all kinds of information sharing and cooperation as well as communication forms. Furthermore, the WWW is currently performing a shift from the single-user-centered usage to support AbstrACt


. Existing accounts of the Rule of Law are inadequate and require fleshing out. The main value of the ideal of rule of law for liberal political theory lies in the notion of predictability, which is essential to individual autonomy. The author examines this connection and argues that conservative theories of rule of law claim too much. Liberal theory equates the rule of law with legality, which is only one of the elements necessary for a just social order.


The case of a 16-year-old girl is presented. She had had dyspnea and fatigue for 4 days when she changed her sitting position to erect position. 12 hours after having had radiating precordial pain at the dorsal region coughing fever and worsening of dyspnea she was admitted to the intensive therapy unit. She had used the contraceptive Gynera (0.03 mg of ethinyl estradiol + 0.075 mg of gestodene) for several months but did not have any previous personal and familial morbidity and she did not smoke. Physical examination revealed sweating cutaneous paleness dyspnea cyanosis +/4 temperature of 37.2 degrees Celsius and a heart beat of 160 per minute. Electrocardiogram demonstrated sinusal tachycardia and thorax radiography showed cardiomegaly +/4 and discrete dilatation of the arterial pulmonary trunk. Echocardiography showed dilatation of the right cavities hypokinesia of the free wall of the right ventricle septal dyskinesia tricuspid insufficiency estimated arterial pulmonary systolic pressure of 55 mmHg and pulmonary reflux. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound findings were normal and vascular doppler did not show signs of venous thrombosis in the renal veins cava inferior or the profound venous system of the lower extremities. Pulmonary arteriography demonstrated subocclusive thrombus in the right pulmonary artery with extension towards the superior lobe of the artery the distal occlusion of the arteries of the medial and superior lobe as well as significant deficiency of perfusion in the artery of the left inferior lobe confirming the clinical suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism. After the diagnosis streptokinase was administered in a dose of 125000 IU iv rapidly followed by 50000 IU/hour in the course of 48 hours. Starting form the 3rd hour of the commencement of infusion the heart beat dropped the arterial pressure normalized and there was a clear improvement felt by the patient. Systemic heparinization followed by oral anticoagulant was initiated after the streptokinase administration and the patient was discharged 10 days after admission.


Research on innovation practices reinforces the notion that majority of innovation projects fail systematically due to being managed as raw technology projects. Open forms of innovation where internal and external ideas are leveraged across the organisation are gaining importance over the internal and centralised approach to R&D. India, during the last 15 years, has been spiralling ahead towards ultimate economic success based on its 'knowledge-based talent pool'. Innovation has become a top strategic focus for most Indian companies. Seeing the growing importance of innovation and knowledge management, a need was felt to understand how organisations manage their knowledge capital so as to promote innovation.This paper aims to provide insights into how an organisation manages knowledge through culture, structure, technology and leadership, so as to promote acquisition and application of knowledge which leads to innovation. The study brings out the importance of tacit knowledge embedded in the firm's culture, structure and leadership as a complement to the explicit knowledge embedded in the firm's technology and documents.


COVID-19 infection was first witnessed in China and has now spread across the globe creating a pandemic situation (1). As of 30 May 2020, there were 6,148,605 confirmed cases and 370,473 deaths worldwide (2). In comparison, there were 1,630 confirmed cases with 10 deaths in Sri Lanka (3). In the epidemiological description of this pandemic, several morbidity and mortality measures were used to describe the disease burden. Accurate and reliable epidemiological measures are essential in outbreak/epidemic/pandemic situations as such measures give an insight into the spread of the disease, burden, risk factors, severity of the disease and its trends. In addition, these parameters would enable further planning of the control measures to mitigate its distribution, planned provision of limited healthcare resources to combat the epidemic/pandemic situation and allow within and cross-country comparisons. Among such epidemiologic measures, case fatality rate (CFR) has been a frequently used measure for estimating the severity and impact of the disease on the affected population.


The Most Splendid Failure l typifies the recent incursion of structuralist methods into Faulkner scholarship; despite his " undogmatic and pluralistic " protests, Andre Bleikasten's reading habits have been formed by the psycho-linguistics of Jacques Derrida and Jacques Lacan, and by the criticism of Roland Bardies. The result is curious: Bleikasten displays the serious-minded over-ingenuity of his antecedents only to come up with a conventional reading of The Sound and the Fury. It is therefore probable that The Most Splendid Failure will win grudging acceptance on the grounds that, after all, the French method doesn't do much damage to customary accounts of Faulkner. This would be a double disservice; firstly to the understanding of Faulkner's work, and secondly to the implications of a particular critical method. What Bardies did for a castrato and Lacan did for Inspector Dupin, Bleikasten has now done for The Sound and the Fury. In S/Z, Barthes took La Zambinella's absent member and made it stand for die vacuum in die monetary, sexual and linguistic systems central to Balzac's " Sarrasine." Lacan and Derrida combine to post " The Purloined Letter " with varying degrees of haste towards " the place of lack "; they debate the exact insubstantiality of tliat destination, but whatever the emphasis, readers are asked to translate a stolen episde (letter) into a signifier (letter), as a prelude to an account of the unmateriality of language. Bleikasten's device is Caddy Compson, whom he describes variously as " an empty centre," " a trace," " a blank counter" and " the imperious call of absence." From Nagano to Virginia, in every available preface and from any podium, Faulkner declared The Sound and the Fury to be his " greatest failure." He failed because he could not " manufacture die sister which [he] did not have and die daughter which [he] was to lose." So far the equation runs: The Sound and the Fury = Failure = Loss = Caddy. Widi help from Ferdinand de Saussure, Bleikasten adds a further function: Caddy = the absence at the centre of the sign system from which the novel is constructed:


.................................................................................................................................................II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.......................................................................................................................... III VITA..............................................................................................................................................................V LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... IX LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... XI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1 1.1 TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF MOLECULAR IONS ........................................................1 1.2 ENERGY LEVEL SPECTROSCOPY OF METHYL FORMATE ........................................................................5 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF DISSERTATION ........................................................................................................6 CHAPTER 2: ROTATIONAL ENERGY LEVEL SPECTROSCOPY OF METHYL FORMATE (HCOOCH3) AND SYMMETRIC MONO-DEUTERATED METHYL FORMATE (DCOOCH3)......9 2.


There are two general groups of methods of calculating achievement gaps (between groups of students in education) in common current usage, similar to those used to calculate social segregation in space and social mobility over time. Each type of method clearly seems valid to its proponents, yet their results in practice are radically different, and often contradictory. This brief paper considers both of these methods and some related problems in the calculation of achievement gaps, in an attempt to resolve the contradiction. The issue is a relatively simple one, but one with significant implications for social researchers as well as commentators in many areas of public policy using similar indicators of performance.


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board with a step slotted hole. The method for manufacturing the printed circuit board with the step slotted hole comprises the steps that peripheral slotting is conducted on the step slotted hole area in a slotted hole plate; lamination is conducted on the slotted hole plate and a bonding pad plate through an adhesion layer, and a bonding pad is arranged in the step slotted hole area; surface electroplating and etching are conducted on the printed circuit board; the portion, located in the step slotted hole area, of the slotted hole plate is removed, and the bonding pad is exposed. According to the method for manufacturing the printed circuit board with the step slotted hole, the step slotted hole is formed in the mode that depth controlling treatment is conducted twice, the situation that the boundary dimension of the step slotted hole changes in the lamination process is avoided, printing and stripping of protection glue are not needed, and therefore the manufacturing cost of the printed circuit board is reduced; the technical problems that according to an existing method for manufacturing the printed circuit board with the step slotted hole, a step slotted hole formed is prone to deformation and the manufacturing cost is high are solved.


MR. W. BRENNAN DE VINE presided over this Section, which met ,m on Thursday and Friday, July 15th and 16th. After the President's address on Thursday, a discussion took place on &dquo; The Detection of Diseased Lesions in the Offal and Carcases of Animals Slaughtered for Food.&dquo; On Friday the subject of &dquo; The Protection of Bulk Milk with special reference to Bovine Tuberculosis &dquo; was debated. About 200


In this short submission, we wish to focus upon two recommendations that were made by the ACCC in the Preliminary Report:

- Preliminary Recommendation 5—news and digital platform regulatory oversight;
- Preliminary Recommendation 6—review of media regulatory frameworks.

We do so in the context of a larger research project that has been funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through its Discovery-Projects program. The project is titled Platform Governance: Rethinking Internet Regulation as Media Policy (DP190100222), and involves Professor Terry Flew and Associate Professor Nicolas Suzor (Queensland University of Technology), Dr. Fiona Martin and Associate Professor Tim Dwyer (University of Sydney), Professor Philip Napoli (Duke University, US) and Professor Josef Trappel (University of Salzburg, Austria).


Previously, we have demonstrated the effect of salt-bridges on the electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry behaviour of synthetic model phosphopeptides and applied an ion mobility spectrometry/molecular modelling approach to rationalise the findings in terms of peptide ion structure. Here, we develop and apply the approach to a biologically-derived phosphopeptide. Specifically, we have investigated variants of a 15-mer phosphopeptide VVGARRSsWRVVSSI, (s denotes phosphorylated Ser) derived from Akt1 substrate 14-3-3-ζ, which contains the phosphorylation motif RRSsWR. Variants were generated by successive arginine to leucine substitutions within the phosphorylation motif. ECD fragmentation patterns for the 8 phosphopeptide variants show greater sequence coverage with successive R→L substitutions. Peptides with two or more basic residues had regions with no sequence coverage, while full sequence coverage was observed for peptides with one or no basic residues. For three of the peptide variants, low abundance fragments were observed between the phosphoserine and a basic residue, possibly due to the presence of multiple conformers with and without non-covalent interactions between these residues. For the five variants whose dissociation behaviour suggested the presence of intramolecular non-covalent interactions, we employed ion mobility spectrometry and molecular modelling to probe the nature of these interactions. Our workflow allowed us to propose candidate structures whose non-covalent interactions were consistent with the ECD data for all of the peptides modelled. Additionally, the AMBER parameter sets created for and validated by this work are presented and made available online (http://www.biosciences-labs.bham.ac.uk/cooper/datasets.php).


DMDO epoxidation of bromoallenes gives directly α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids under the reaction conditions. Calculated (ωB97XD/6-311G(d,p)/SCRF = acetone) potential energy surfaces and (2)H- and (13)C-labeling experiments are consistent with bromoallene oxide intermediates which spontaneously rearrange via a bromocyclopropanone in an intersecting bromoallene oxide - Favorskii manifold.


A high-sensitive strain sensor based on the anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide in a double-layered Fabry–Perot resonator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A section of the silica hollow core fiber with a small diameter was inserted into a polymethyl methacrylate hollow core fiber with a relative large diameter. A double-layered Fabry–Perot resonator can be formed between the silica cladding and polymethyl methacrylate cladding. Due to the photoelastic effect and thickness change of the cladding in the polymethyl methacrylate hollow core fiber, the resonant condition of the Fabry–Perot resonator is changed. The tensile strain is measured by interrogating the wavelength shift. The experimental results show that the resolution of the sensor can be achieved as 27.9 pm/ $\mu \varepsilon $ , and the temperature cross sensitivity is only 1.67 pm/°C. The proposed fiber sensor can be used for the accurate measurement of the strain.


New prospects for catalytic reduction of organic compounds were revealed while using chemically bound hydrogen [i]. Heterogenized metal complexes (HMC) can be used as catalysts of these processes. Rh complexes fixed to modified silica gel catalyze the transfer of hydrogen from 2-propanol (2-P) to ketones, olefins, and nitrobenzene [2, 3]. Hydrogenolysis with formation of aniline occurs upon reduction of halonitrobenzene by NaBH 4 in the presence of these complexes [3].


We evaluated the tumor response and clinical outcomes according to molecular subtypes in stage II–III breast cancer patients who received neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery and radiotherapy.


The following series of articles by well-known authorities forms a valuable and welcome' symposium of modern knowledge relating to a condition which is now recognised as widespread, although most of us can remember a time, not so far distant, when it was regarded as a rarity. Art interesting resume of the historical aspects of lung cancer was published by Huguenin (5) in I928, and in view of recent statistics of the incidence of this disease it is worth while to glance at the table given by this author of some of the earlier figures.


The present invention provides a connection device for a mobile communication based on the high-speed packet access services through the WLAN to the WLAN terminals (91,92,93) to the integrated terminal device having a function of (AP Access Point) or such a connection device It relates. In the present invention, producing a WLAN client capabilities and mobile packet service in a conventional multi-mode portable terminal device 10 having a client function for (CDMA 2000, EVDO, EVDO revision A, WCDMA, packet transmission services, such as HSDPA, HSUPA) with the software function blocks necessary for the hardware platform prepared by, or WLAN client capabilities and mobile packet set of software functional blocks required by in a conventional multi-mode portable terminal device 10 having a client function for a service to download content for or by providing, to form a mobile access point 100 or the integrated terminal device 101. the In this way, the mobile access point 100 or the integrated terminal device 101 of the present invention can be easily obtained at a low cost, so that the user can more easily carry the device including the functions of the mobile access point 100 and, so, it can greatly reduce the cost and time required for development and commercialization of the authentication to the mobile access point 100 or the integrated terminal device 101. the Access point, Access Point, revision A, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, WiFi, switch, WiFi


We address the problem of designing efficient resource allocation schemes for an OFDMA based multiuser cooperative communication system that uses amplify and forward relaying. With a two-phase relaying protocol, we assume that both source and the relay have fixed power constraints and that the source employs a selective relaying mechanism. That is, the source adaptively decides on which frequency subcarriers relaying has to performed. We first formulate the problem as a capacity maximizing integer programming optimization problem and then propose a heuristic solution that is composed of several subproblems. The first part is to suboptimally allocate subcarriers to different users based on proportional rate fairness. The next part is a two step iterative approach to find relay decisions and power allocation at the source during the first phase and at the relay during the second phase. The last step is a water-filling algorithm to allocate power at the source during the second phase to all non-relaying subcarriers. Simulation results show that this selective relaying mechanism outperforms the always relay case while also providing an approximate proportional rate fairness.


Endocytosis is continuous uptake of molecules and compounds into the cell. Endocytosis can be divided into two distinct categories: phagocytosis used by cell to internalize large particles and pinocytosis which is used to intake liquids and soluble substances. A great variety of viruses has learned to utilize endocytotic routes infecting cells and therefore those viruses are used as a tool for studying endocytosis. Endocytic vesicles usually acidify during maturation achieving much lower pH than ambient cytoplasm. pH differences between cells internal structures and cytoplasm are essential for cells normal functions. Acid interior of endosomes is involved with lysosomal degradation of molecules, dissociation of ligands from receptors and modification of proteins. Echovirus 1 (EV1) is small non-enveloped RNA virus which belongs to the Picornaviridae family. EV1 uses α2β1-integrin as its receptor on the cell surface and competes in binding with α2β1-integrin s natural ligands like collagen. EV1 binding causes clustering of integrins which is followed by EV1 and integrin uptake into the cells via macropinocytosis-like route. EV1 containing structures mature into multivesicular bodies and presumably fuse with pre-existing caveosomes in cytoplasm. The purpose of this research was to measure the pH values of α2-multivesicular bodies during EV1 internalization and to found out if there are some changes in pH during infection. In addition to EV1 we also observed the impact of EIPA and monensin on the pH values of the α2-multivesicular bodies. We also tested the impacts of monensin on infectivity of EV1. pH measurements were performed attaching similar amounts of pH-sensitive conjugate together with pH-insensitive conjugate on α2β1-integrins to give us ratio of intensities to measure along internalization. Live cells were observed with confocal microscopy. The results show that pH values of α2-multivesicular bodies stay near neutral during structure maturation. EV1 causes short acidification in early stages of infection but overall structures pH stays close to neutral. Both EIPA and monensin raised the pH values of α2-multivesicular bodies. Monensin caused partial inhibition of infection especially in early stages of infection but it did not cause any changes in morphology of α2-multivesicular bodies.


A monostable multivibrator suitable for use as a dead time simulator to be inserted in radiation measuring systems is presented. It features very fast recovery characteristics.


A presentation by Elaine Stewart of the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP), given at the Sure Start to Later Life Conference, part of the Celebrating Ageing festival July 2006.


All societies attempt to construct their view of reality in such at way that their world may be viewed äs orderly. Part of this orderly structure is the classification of elements into good and bad, clean and unclean, legitimate and illegitimate, inclusion and exclusion. Conformity to these social norms then creates a social identity. This identity may be threatened by groups or individuals who break the taboos oir become unclean in any way. A certain tension exists in all societies between those who strive to maintain the cosmic order of their society and those who would endanger that order by deliberate or accidental actions. Within such societies there may exist groups whose attitude to the System could be described äs subversive or revolutionary. These groups attempt to reshape society or to destroy it in favour of a different type of society or an alternative System. Other movements of a radical nature simply dissent from the current values of their Situation and may form pressure groups within society or opt out of that society altogether. In modern society such movements of revolution and dissent or quests for alternative societies are multitudinous. Dissenting groups, revolutionary ideologies and counter cultures receive constant attention from sociologists, political commentators and social philosophers. In medieval times some elements of dissent were regarded äs heresy and treated accordingly. Other forms of protest and revolution may be seen in the many millenarian movements of that period. In the early centuries of the Christian Church it becomes more difficult to analyse the religious and social movements äs dissent and protest against certain Systems of belief and practice or to regard them äs heretical trends. The differentiation between orthodoxy and heresy in earliest Christianity is so blurred that it remains problematic which


Based on the practical and comprehensive characteristic of mechanical-electronics engineering,reconfigurable and multi-dimensional experimental electromechanical control system was developped.Case teaching and project learning were adopted,from which students could learn and master the basis of professional knowledge and correct design idea.The system-planning project based learning was implemented.During the implementation process,it has obtained satisfactory teaching effect.


Plasmon resonances and the plasmon-induced field enhancement (FE) in sodium nanoring dimers are investigated by time-dependent density functional theory. For larger separations, the optical absorption, the induced charge response and the frequency dependent current demonstrate that there are two capacitive coupling plasmon modes. One feature of FE is that, in the surface region of the nanoring, it has a very large maximum. Another feature of FE is that, along the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the two nanoring center points in the middle region of the nanoring dimers, it has maxima. With the decrease of the gap distance, because of the electrons tunneling across the dimer junction and screening, collective excitation modes are changed, and the charge transfer plasmon modes emerge in the nanoring dimers. FE induced by any plasmon modes decreases in the gap region. Moreover, corresponding to different gap distances, the high-energy plasmon resonance peak almost does not shift, because this plasmon mode is mainly the collective excitation as a result of interactions among degenerate individual electronic states.


We prove the existence of extremal domains with small prescribed volume for the first eigenvalue of the Laplace-Beltrami operator in any compact Riemannian manifold. This result generalizes a results of F. Pacard and the second author where the existence of a nondegenerate critical point of the scalar curvature of the Riemannian manifold was required.


Abstract In this article, we prove the C1,1 estimate for solutions of prescribed curvature measure problems when the prescribed function may touch zero somewhere.


http://www.dekker.com 420 pp. $ 165.00 (Hardback), 1999 This book contains a series of chapters written by various experts, outlines the underlying principles and experimental techniques for a broad sample of surface analysis techniques. Many of the examples used throughout the text range from biomedical polymers, solid polymers, microcapsules in suspension, colloidal particles, and luminescent organogels. Chapters include specific areas such as surface energies, electrokinetic characterization, van der Waals interactions, wetting behavior, self-assembly, adsorption behavior, mass spectroscopy, and scattering methodologies. Two chapters describe methods for measuring the surface energy of polymers both before and after surface treatment, including plasma treatments. There is also an informative chapter on using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS) for characterizing polymeric surfaces and surfactants. By illustrating numerous techniques for solving various surface analysis problems, this book can adequately serve as a reference text to the surface scientist, especially since the book may provide the researcher with various alternative methods to approaching and characterizing surface behavior. The scope of the text is suited for materials science majors through senior researchers.


As the label "Global OD, I" intends to imply, the symposium is viewed as the first in a continuing series dealing with applications of the values-cum-technology usually called Organization Development or, more conveniently, OD. This action theory has developed a North American base over the past 3 or 4 decades, and extensions beyond this continent have now grown apace. Illustratively, a survey in the early 1980s found 100 research reports about OD applications, and there appears to have been no let-up. This industriousness will at once feed future Global OD symposia, and derive some direction from them. The motivation for this series of symposia is direct. Such extensions beyond the North American base will help test OD's reach and grasp, while those theoretical developments and applications also seek to be responsive to significant and serious problems/opportunities on Space Ship Earth. We are all internationalists now, albeit with differing reservations about what we are in the midst of getting ourselve...


The Trafalgar Plutonic Suite intruded metasedimentary rocks of the Goldenville and Halifax groups in the northeastern part of the Meguma terrane of southern Nova Scotia at about 374 Ma, based on previously published U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages. Using field and petrographic observations, the suite is divided into 20 different plutons on the combined basis of variations in grain size (fine, medium, or coarse), texture (equigranular or porphyritic) and modal mineralogy (quartz diorite/tonalite, granodiorite, monzogranite, and syenogranite). The granodiorite, monzogranite, and syenogranite plutons are relatively uniform in composition with little variation in mineralogy or chemistry within each pluton or between plutons of the same lithology. In contrast the quartz diorite/tonalite plutons show mineralogical and chemical variation, both within and between plutons. The granodiorite, monzogranite, and syenogranite plutons closely resemble other peraluminous granitoid plutons characteristic of the Meguma terrane. The quartz diorite/tonalite plutons are varied but chemically resemble minor Devonian mafic intrusions elsewhere in the Meguma terrane. Like other plutons of the Meguma terrane, the Trafalgar Plutonic Suite has chemical characteristics of volcanic-arc to syn-collisional granitoid rocks and likely has experienced extensive contamination by metasedimentary material as documented by previous studies of plutons in the Meguma terrane. The minor quartz diorite/tonalite plutons are additional examples of the mafic rocks that have been proposed in tectonic models of the Meguma terrane to have facilitated melting of the lower crust to generate granodioritic parent magmas, followed by crystal fractionation and extensive contamination by metasedimentary material.


A plausible origin of biomolecular homochirality is advanced, where alpha-methyl amino acids found on meteorites transfer their chirality in the synthesis of normal amino acids. This asymmetry can be amplified to nearly homochiral levels, thus providing the necessary prerequisite for life to start on this planet and elsewhere in the universe.


We present a simple scheme for teleporting an unknown atomic state using an atomic Bell state in cavity QED system.Our scheme can use single-atom detection instead of Bell-state measurement with the help of an auxiliary atom,and its successful probability can reach 1.In addition,the scheme is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field.


The ant genus Prionopelta is revised for the Indo-Pacific region. Six species are known, two of which are newly described, media sp. n., and robynmae sp. n. While widespread in the region the genus is not common and is largely restricted to rainforest habitats where nests are found in soil or rotten wood on the ground. These ants are most often encountered in leaf litter samples are while foraging on the ground.


This article deals with selective aspects of a broader study of American and Israeli youth in which familism and nationalism are analyzed in a cross-cultural context. The present article deals with the first of tlie two major components, familism. Nationalism is taken up in another paper (Becker, 1976). A major objective of the project as a whole is to examine American and Israeli youth, members of societies characterized by different cultural traditions and political ideologies, with respect to (1) their assessment of self, family, and community, in terms of a reciprocal network of rights and obligations, and (2) the role of tlie family as an intermediary between the individual and tlle community. Comparing American and Israeli societies in terms of the "majority culture"-i.e., the major value orientations of the


Since the 1990s, in the mainland of China,due to the transition of major scholars'researching principles, the coming into being and the increasing intensification of the phenomenon of academic commercialization and the contamination by bad social phenomena such as political and economic corruption,etc., the academic standard and construction of academic style have been the new hot point in the Chinese academic circle .The article gives a brief summary to the new hot point, in order to attract more attention, get more assistance from the colleagues in the academic circle to the problem, so that everyone can devote himself to the cause with the sense of academic obligation of "bearing morality with our own iron shoulders".


This paper describes a novel acoustic monitoring technique of insulation delaminations during a thermal cycling test (TC) on a stator bar. Acoustic signals emitted from insulation delaminations within the stator bar were continuously recorded during a TC test. An increase in measured acoustic signals indicates insulation delaminations within the stator bar under test. Dissipation factor tests, partial discharge tests, tap tests, and dissections were performed. Those diagnostic test results were compared with the acoustic test data to verify insulation delaminations. The acoustic monitoring system can indicate which cycle insulation delaminations occurred and when they occurred in a given thermal cycle during a TC test.


Significance Our identification and characterization of two anion channelrhodopsins families, one from nonphotosynthetic microorganisms, shows that light-gated anion conductance is more widely spread among eukaryotic lineages than previously thought. The strongly red-shifted absorption spectra of the subset that we designate RubyACRs make them promising candidates for the long-sought inhibitory optogenetic tools producing large passive currents activated by red light, enabling deep tissue penetration. Previously only low-efficiency ion-pumping rhodopsins were available for neural inhibition at similar long wavelengths. The unusual residue composition of the retinal-binding pocket in RubyACRs expands our understanding of color tuning in rhodopsins. Finally, activation of chloride currents by energy transfer from a cytoplasmic fluorescent tag on RubyACRs introduces a potential dimension in molecular engineering of optogenetic tools. Channelrhodopsins are light-gated ion channels widely used to control neuronal firing with light (optogenetics). We report two previously unknown families of anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs), one from the heterotrophic protists labyrinthulea and the other from haptophyte algae. Four closely related labyrinthulea ACRs, named RubyACRs here, exhibit a unique retinal-binding pocket that creates spectral sensitivities with maxima at 590 to 610 nm, the most red-shifted channelrhodopsins known, long-sought for optogenetics, and more broadly the most red-shifted microbial rhodopsins thus far reported. We identified three spectral tuning residues critical for the red-shifted absorption. Photocurrents recorded from the RubyACR from Aurantiochytrium limacinum (designated AlACR1) under single-turnover excitation exhibited biphasic decay, the rate of which was only weakly voltage dependent, in contrast to that in previously characterized cryptophyte ACRs, indicating differences in channel gating mechanisms between the two ACR families. Moreover, in A. limacinum we identified three ACRs with absorption maxima at 485, 545, and 590 nm, indicating color-sensitive photosensing with blue, green, and red spectral variation of ACRs within individual species of the labyrinthulea family. We also report functional energy transfer from a cytoplasmic fluorescent protein domain to the retinal chromophore bound within RubyACRs.


The random research about the current national defense education in 54 universities indicates,especially the teaching of national defense education and curricular construction,that the national defense educational is not satisfying,which is the obstacles for further national defense education and its sustainable development.Based on the issues,the paper puts forward the systems and measures for enhancing and improving the construction national defense education in normal universities in order to further and enlighten the practice and reform of national defense education in normal universities.


We prove the algebraic unrealizability of a certain isotopy type of plane affine real algebraic

 M
 M

-sextic which is pseudoholomorphically realizable. This result completes the classification up to isotopy of real algebraic affine

 M
 M

-sextics. The proof of this result given in a previous paper by the first two authors [J. Algebraic Geom. 11 (2002), pp. 293–310] was incorrect.


Mathematical procedures for predicting steady-state O 2 concentrations for a range of packaging conditions for modified-atmosphere packages (MAP) of 'Heinz 1370' tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum) were developed and tested. The relationship between O 2 consumption rate and O 2 concentration was determined using O 2 depletion data collected by enclosing tomatoes in jars and sampling head space O 2 concentration over time. The fitted function was then used in conjunction with the input variables film permeability to O 2 (P O2 ), film surface area (A), and fruit weight in packages (W p ) to develop an equation to predict steady-state O 2 concentrations for different packaging ratios (A/W p ) and film permeabilities. Prediction curves showing steady-state O 2 concentration for packaging ratios in the range of 1 to 12 closely resembled best-fit curves of experimental data. Increasing temperature from 20 to 28C had little effect on in-package O 2 concentration, but decreasing temperature from 28 to 10C led to higher in-package O 2 concentrations. The predictive equation developed can be used to select appropriate films and optimize packaging ratios to achieve desired steady-state O 2 concentrations for MAP of tomatoes. Delaying tomato fruit ripening is desirable during distribution and for short-term storage before marketing. Commercially, toma- toes intended for distant markets are usually harvested at mature-green or breaker stages so that fruit can endure the rigors of handling while maximizing shelf life. Fruit harvested at mature-green and breaker stages will ripen to the firm-red stage in 7 to 10 days and 2 to 3 days, respectively, when kept in air at 20C (Hobson, 1987; Ryall and Lipton, 1979; Stenvers and Bruinsma, 1975). These times are often not sufficient for transport of fruit from production sites to distant retail markets. The incidence of over-ripe fruit often leads to increased mechanical damage in transit and has been reported as a serious problem associated with long-distance shipments taking more than a week (Geeson et al., 1985). Refrigeration and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage are effective tools for delaying ripening for long durations in transit, but are limited due to high costs and fruit sensitivity to chilling injury at temperatures below 12.5C (Cheng and Shewfelt, 1988; Hobson, 1987; Ryall and Lipton, 1979).


Turbofan engine comprising an outer casing (11) supported by arms (12), an inner casing (34) facing the outer casing (11) and rights (38, 52), characterized in that in the axis of an arm (12) is formed in the housing (34) inside, a support (35) distribution of rights comprising, in the inner outer side of the housing (34), a first plate (36) base easements for housing.


According to the method of CJ/T 221-2005,an uncertainty mathematical model for determination of nickel in municipal sludge by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy(FAAS) was established,which the sources of uncertainty in the process of determination were analyzed,and the components of uncertainty were calculated.The determination results of nickel in municipal sludge were 37.72±2.08mg/kg,k=2(confidence level of 95%).


Medical knowledge about the brain is not confined to labs, clinics, or the neuroscientific community. One way in which such knowledge stretches into the public realm is in the shape of press releases. This chapter contributes with understandings about what occurs when medical scientific knowledge is explained in press releases by bringing forth public relations officers' and researchers' thoughts about the negotiations that take place in the processes of writing, distribution and reception of press releases. The essay draws on a genre theoretical framework and is based on material acquired through interviews with communication professionals and neuroscience scholars working at two different Swedish universities. The discussion is based on three reoccurring themes identified in the interviews. These are, firstly, how findings are framed in terms of breakthroughs and news, secondly, the importance of striking a balance and not promise too much, and lastly, the importance of facilitating some form identification among audiences with that which is reported.


The central role of RNA molecules in cell biology has been an expanding subject of study since the proposal of the "RNA world" hypothesis 60 years ago [...].


Hovione has signed an agreement to significantly ramp up output of Ligand Pharmaceuticals' Captisol, a chemically modified cyclodextrin that improves drugs' solubility and stability. Gilead Science...


A syndrome resembling carbon dioxide narcosis, which may be precipitated by the administration of oxygen to patients with advanced emphysema, has attracted increasing attention in recent years, although few reports on this subject have appeared in the literature (1-7). A similar response to oxygen has been described by Marshall and Rosenfeld (8) in experimental animals anesthetized with barbiturates or morphine. Marshall and Rosenfeld's analysis provides a basis for understanding the phenomenon in man; in the presence of an increased level of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air and arterial blood, the respiratory center becomes adjusted to the high carbon dioxide pressure, so that carbon dioxide no longer dominates the chemical control of respiration. Such a loss of sensitivity to carbon dioxide in patients with advanced emphysema was demonstrated in 1920 by Scott (9). In the presence of high levels of carbon dioxide and diminished responsiveness of the respiratory center, the principal stimulus to breathing arises from the effects of hypoxia on the carotid body and aortic chemoreceptors. When the stimulus is removed by relief of the hypoxia through oxygen administration, the driving mechanism is weakened or absent, and pulmonary ventilation falls.


Abstract This article describes a taxonomy, which was developed as an analytical instrument to classify tutorial commentary written in response to student writing. It includes categories taken from the research of Connors and Lundsford (1993), Greenhalgh (1992), Newkirk (1984b), Perry (1970), Straub (1996) and Warnock (1989) and is descriptive rather than evaluative in nature. It is a consciousness-raising tool designed to identify responses to student writing in terms of the axiological assumptions on which they are based. The students in the empirical study were registered at the University of South Africa (Unisa), a distance-teaching institution, for an entry-level, English for specific purposes module. The task was a narrative paragraph that required a student to describe a specific childhood incident and reflect on its significance. The experiment involved analysis of the global comments given by tutors at the end of 50 randomly selected 'marked' assignments.


KINDELAN, M., SERIANI, G. and SGUAZZERO, P. 1989. Elastic modelling and its application to amplitude versus angle interpretation. Geophysical Prospecting 37,3-30. For the correct interpretation of data gathered in the seismic prospecting of complex heterogeneous structures, elastic effects must often be taken into consideration. The use of the elastic wave equations to model the seismic response of an hypothesized geological structure is a valuable tool for relating observed seismic data to the earth's inhomogeneities and verify an interpretation. Several methods may be used to integrate numerically the partial differential equations describing elastic wave propagation. Pseudospectral (Fourier) methods represent the leading numerical integration technique. Their main advantage is high accuracy and suitability to vector and parallel computer architectures, while their main drawback is high computational cost. However, for a given accuracy, the required grid size with pseudospectral methods is smaller than that required by finite-difference schemes, thus balancing the computational cost. We describe a two-dimensional pseudospectral elastic model implemented on the vector multiprocessor IBM 3090 VF. The algorithm has been suitably adapted to fully exploit the computer architecture and thereby maximize the performance. The elastic model has been validated in a variety of problems in geophysics and, in particular, in the amplitude-versus-offset analysis which has proved to be an effective technique to extract additional information from the recorded (prestack) data. With proper conditioning and processing of seismic data, and separating amplitude variations due to changes in reflectivity from variations due to other effects, the resulting offset signatures have been successfully used, for instance, to distinguish true bright spots due to gas-bearing sands, from false ones associated with lithological changes. To interpret the observed amplitude-versusoffset signatures, it is necessary to know the reflection coefficients as a function of angle and frequency for planar interfaces, as well as for other structures of geological interest. The modelling is first validated by computing the reflection coefficients for planar interfaces, and then used to analyse the reflection signatures of thin beds, corrugated interfaces and multilayers. Their implications, as well as impact on amplitude-versus-offset analysis, are


Wireless sensor networks are a new type of networked systems, characterized by severely constrained computational and energy resources, and an ad hoc operational environment. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been increasingly available for large-scale applications in which energy efficiency &, security is an important performance measure. Driven by the energy &, security limitation nature of WSNs lots of research works have been done in aspects such as nodes replication, data aggregation routing, security monitoring etc. In this paper we first study the flooding algorithm and then remove limitation of flooding algorithm. Keywords – Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), node replication, secure monitoring, data aggregation , Packets Lost, energy efficient , Secured Routing.


Abstract 2nd International Congress on Abdominal Obesity, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 24–26 February 2011 The 2011 International Congress on Abdominal Obesity gathered more than 500 participants from over 60 countries in Buenos Aires, Argentina in February 2011. The object ve of the second meeting of the International Chair on Cardiometabolic Risk was to gather world-renowned experts on various aspects of abdominal obesity and global cardiometabolic risk andraise awareness on the importance of abdominal obesity in the pathophysiology of chronic illnesses such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The congress covered an impressive list of topics from the biology of fat cells, to metabolic aspects of abdominal obesity to clinical trials and epidemiological studies


Transport travel demand models allow one to estimate future traffic changes after the changes in the functionality of a building object has been made and to identify the potential bottlenecks of transport system. The paper contains a use case on transport travel demand model development based on decision tree algorithms and simulation methods. Decision tree algorithm that has flexible structures suitable for representing the relationships between the categories of transportation modes and do not require any knowledge about the initial specific model data structure was used in transportation mode choice. Transport travel demand simulation model was developed for mixed-use building in the area of Hanzas Street (Riga city, Latvia).


The paper considers an integrated approach to trajectory learning control algorithms for individualizing a person in the training systems based on Artificial Intelligence methods, Learning Computer Testing and Cognitive Maps of Diagnosis Knowledge.


Purpose: To compare the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of CAT-8015, a second-generation recombinant immunotoxin composed of disulfide-linked affinity matured VH and VL chains of the mouse anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody RFB4 fused to PE38, to the parental compound CAT-3888. Experimental Design: The biological activity of CAT-8015 was examined in vitro using B-cell tumor lines and in vivo in a JD38-based s.c. tumor model in NCr athymic mice. Pharmacokinetics and interspecies scaling of CAT-8015 were evaluated in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys. The potential toxicity of CAT-8015 was assessed in monkeys in a toxicologic study and compared with CAT-3888. Results: The IC50 values of CAT-8015 in vitro using the EHEB, MEC1, Daudi, CA46, and JD38 cell lines ranged from 0.3 to 8.6 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic studies with CAT-8015 were conducted in mouse, rat, and cynomolgus monkey. The t1/2 was calculated to be 0.42, 0.61, and 0.79 hours and the Vss was 1.37, 5.57, and 140.3 mL in mouse, rat, and monkey, respectively. In vivo, when JD38 tumor-bearing animals were treated with CAT-8015 at doses ≥75 μg/kg at 48-hour intervals for a total of three doses, a rapid reduction in tumor volume and in some cases complete remission in tumor growth was observed. The comparative toxicologic study showed comparable clinical and anatomic pathology changes for CAT-8015 and CAT-3888. Conclusions: CAT-8015 is a CD22-targeting immunotoxin that, in preclinical studies, has greatly improved efficacy compared with CAT-3888.


Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) is a bone marrow‐derived cytokine whose ability to suppress iron regulator hepcidin in vitro and increased concentrations found in patients with ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) suggest that hepcidin deficiency mediated by GDF‐15 may be the pathophysiological explanation for nontransfusional iron overload. We aimed to compare GDF‐15 production in anemic states with different types of erythropoietic dysfunction. Complete blood counts, biochemical markers of iron status, plasma hepcidin, GDF‐15, and known hepcidin regulators [interleukin‐6 and erythropoietin (EPO)] were measured in 87 patients with red cell disorders comprising IE and hemolytic states: thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and cobalamin deficiency. Healthy volunteers were also evaluated for comparison. Neither overall increased EPO, nor variable GDF‐15 concentrations correlated with circulating hepcidin concentrations (P = 0.265 and P = 0.872). Relative hepcidin deficiency was found in disorders presenting with concurrent elevation of GDF‐15 and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), a biomarker of erythropoiesis, and sTfR had the strongest correlation with hepcidin (rS = −0.584, P < 0.0001). Our data show that high concentrations of GDF‐15 in vivo are not necessarily associated with pathological hepcidin reduction, and hepcidin deficiency was only found when associated with sTfR overproduction. sTfR elevation may be a necessary common denominator of erythropoiesis‐driven mechanisms to favor iron absorption in anemic states and appears a suitable target for investigative approaches to iron disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 89:385–390, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This review essay aims at the interpretation of the Slovakian tradition of intellectual history as represented by František Novosád. The text emphasizes his idiosyncratic twist of cultural historicist-contextualist approach, refined by Bakhtinian insights and enhanced by an interpretive concept of his own coinage, termed ideas arrangement. The text gives considerable attention to the conceptual metaphor of the "marketplace of ideas" in view of its centrality to the book's pivotal thesis: theory-practice relationship and the future of philosophy.


In order to detect the flight-state image edge of missile and analyze the pitch angle,binary image and contour bougie morphological filtering were adopted to preprocess the image.An improved threshold extraction method was presented according to the 3δ characteristics to binarize image with OSTU.Based on the obtained image edge of flying missile,the real axis-equation of missile in 3-dimension was reconstructed to solve pitch angle by coordinate transformation on the basis of skeleton extraction method.The edge detection and pitch-angle test show that good edges can be achieved from noise image by the detection method.The pitch angle can be solved by the coordinate transformation.


One of the most important objectives of a wireless network is to facilitate a prediction of users mobility regardless of their point of attachment to the network. In indoor environments the effective users motion prediction system and wireless localization technology play an important role in all aspects of peoples daily lives. In this paper we propose an activity-based continuous-time Markov model to define and predict the human movement patterns. This model is a simple extension of an Activity based Mobility Prediction algorithm using Markov modeling (AMPuMM) technique. Both models are experimentally evaluated in realistic small university campus scenario. The obtained results show us the high efficiency of the jump methodology in the prediction of the students activities in the indoor campus environment.


SUMMARY Thin-layer chromatography and infra-red spectrosoopy were used to identify the components of technical Thanite. A method is developed for qualitative and quantitative determination using a gas liquid chromatograph (GLC) equipped with a flame ionization detector. Two major peaks, having retention times 1 and 5 min, were obtained. This was achieved using a glass column (15 × 0·3 cm), packed with diethylene glycol (1·5%) on chromosorb W, 60–80 mesh, at temperature range 70–170 °C. The results obtained by GLC showed that 33·7–55·8%, and 36·6–68·3% of the initial deposit of Thanite on cotton leaves degraded within 12 h from exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation respectively. One fifth of the initial deposit of Thanite on cotton leaves was lost after 24 h from spraying, then 70 % of the compound was dissipated after 3 days. Incubation of Thanite with rumen liquor at 39 °C for 24 h under anaerobic conditions resulted in degradation of 45–74% of the initial concentration.


Anemia is a common symptom of hematological malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), due to a reduction in the volume of functional red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow. RBC transfusion is the primary supportive treatment


On the basis of the deep analysis on the "the Program(draft) on Improving the System of Listed Companies Withdrawing from Shanghai Stock Exchange" published by Shanghai Stock Exchange and "Program(draft) on Improving and Perfecting Companies Listed on the Motherboard and the SME Board Delisting System" published by Shenzhen Stock Exchange,the paper presents delisting risk and problems of the 38 listed companies in Shaanxi province and puts forward feasible strategies and policy recommendations in order to strive to further standardize and guide the healthy and orderly development of Shaanxi capital markets.


This paper aiming at the zero-failure data and uncertain-decision problems exist in the information system reliability growth process, it proposes to build the Bayesian network topology of FMEA. It adopts Leaky Noisy-OR model, and it analyses the probability that the subsystem functional module will go wrong in quantity. It solves the problem of identifying the vague and incomplete information exists in the complex system rapidly and accurately, laying the foundation for further study of the reliability growth comprehensive ability assessment of system based on the Bayesian network. In this paper, on the background of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) engineering, aimed at research on models and evaluation methods of reliability growth for MES, enclosing reliability of MES task and design target, reliability growth test and analysis methods, it proposes the goal of MES reliability growth planning.


Discusses assessment centres set up during the reorganization of the National Grid Company after privatization. Assessment centres are used to evaluate the skills and personal capabilities of employees. This allows the company to identify future talent, draw up personal development plans, evaluate training requirements and facilitate organizational change.


Abstract The present study set out to compare 5.7, and 9-year-old children's understanding of a physical illness (chicken pox) with their understanding of a psychological state (depression). In addition, information about personal experience of the illnesses and external sources of information was elicited, in order to assess the effects of both age and experience. Children at all ages showed a basic intact knowledge of both chicken pox and depression, although older children had a more sophisticated understanding of depression, and had acquired this knowledge from a greater number of sources. The clinical implications of the findings, and their relationship to both neo-Piagetian and more recent theories of conceptual development in childhood are discussed.


THIS article is a discussion of a little 1 known phase of the oil business—the use of petroleum as a processing material. If one looks about, he will be able to find very few articles which do not utilize a petroleum product somewhere in manufacture. The clothes and shoes one wears, the furniture one sits on, the paper one sees, and a host of other everyday articles either contain petroleum, or used it while being made. It has never been determined accurately how much petroleum is so employed, but it is known that the quantities run into millions of barrels per year. The scope of petroleum's utility as a processing material is virtually unlimited. At present over 30 basic industries employ petroleum in their manufacturing processes, and the individual applications are numbered in the thousands. Obviously it is possible to give but a bird'seye view of the subject in so short a time, and for ...


Use of electron beam induced current (EBIC) method in combination of the multifractal analysis for investigation of GaN epitaxial layers with different degree of order of mosaic structure has revealed basic difference in distribution of extended defects with intense nonradiative recombination and small diffusion length of about 0.1 μm. The diffusion length of the layers with well ordered mosaic structure was determined to be 1.5–2 times longer than that of the layers with less-ordered mosaic structure. The difference between the extended defect distributions well correlates with peculiarities of carrier transfer in these layers.


This article presents a congruence format, in structural operational semantics, for rooted branching bisimulation equivalence. The format imposes additional requirements on Groote's ntyft format. It extends an earlier format by Bloom with standard notions such as recursion, iteration, predicates, and negative premises.


ABSTRACT: The scope and purpose of the subject paper by the present authors [IntJ Quantum Chem 2004, 100, 1086] are clarified. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int JQuantum Chem 106: 552–553, 2006 W e are pleased to see that the foregoing Com-ment by Zotev [1] contains a nice review ofthe work of the St. Petersburg group (Zotev, Re-bane, Yusupov) on applications of correlated expo-nential basis functions in the Coulomb four-bodyproblem. We note in particular the advantages ofwhattheytermtheexponential-trigonometricbasis.There appears, however, to be some misunder-standing regarding the purpose and thrust of ourpaper [2] on which Zotev is commenting. Our pa-per was not intended as a general review of thefield, but was merely a short presentation (for asymposium proceedings) describing our own cur-rent contributions to analytical approaches for theCoulomb four-body problem. However, in order toindicate the priority of the work of others, we in-cluded (in the Introduction) a citation of the earliestapplication of which we were aware (a 1992 paperbyRebaneandYusupov),andthedetailedpaperonPs


Marx proposed that capitalism's destructive force is caused, at root, by the alienation of labor value from its generators. Environmentalists have added the concept of unalienated ecological value, and rights activists added the unalienated expressive value of free speech, sexuality, spirituality, etc. Marx's vision for restoring an unalienated world by top-down economic governance was never fulfilled. But in the last 30 years, new forms of social justice have emerged that operate as "bottom-up". Peer-to-peer production such as open source software or wikipedia has challenged the corporate grip on IP in a "gift exchange" of labor value; community based agroecology establishes a kind of gift exchange with our nonhuman allies in nature. DIY citizenship from feminist makerspaces to queer biohacking has profound implications for a new materialism of the "knowledge commons"; and restorative approaches to civil rights can challenge the prison-industrial complex. In contrast to top-down "distributive justice," all of the above are cases of bottom-up or "generative justice"


Economic load dispatch (ELD) problem is very important part of the power system. The purpose of economic dispatch is to determine the generation of different units in a plant such that the total fuel cost is minimum and at the same time the total demand and losses at any instant must be equal to the total generation. Many traditional methods such as lambda iteration, gradient method, Newton's method etc. are applied to determine the optimal combination of power output of all generating units so as to meet the desired demand without violation of generator constraint. This paper presents lambda iteration method to solve the ELD problem using MATLAB for three and six generating units with and without transmission losses.


Aims: Acacia Tortilis belong to Fabaceae. In Acacia Tortilis lack of essential oils can be an advantage in search for safe and effective medicines. In present study the effect of the Acacia Tortilis leaves extract were evaluated on locomotor activity. Study Design: Effect of Acacia on locomotor activity Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah. Saudi Arabia. This study was performed between January 2012 and May 2012. Methodology: The Aqueous extracts of the leaves were prepared. Two Different doses of the extracts (400 and 800 mg/Kg) were administered either orally (p.o.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) in the mice and locomotor activity were evaluated in mice in open field at different doses. Results: The spontaneous locomotor activity measured in the open field test after the administration of Acacia Tortilis leaves (400 and 800 mg/Kg) extract, was not modify significantly. Although high dose of Extract (800 mg\Kg) when administered intraperitoneally (i.p) was found to affect locomotor activity significantly (P<0.05) in mice this effect is comparable with positive control Diazepam (DZP; 1.3 mg/Kg) which was found to decrease the locomotor activity (Square crossed by mice) significantly (P<0.05). Major conclusion: The present study suggests that intraperitoneal administration of Acacia significantly decrease the motor activity in open field test. The results suggest that low doses or oral (p.o.) administration is ineffective while high doses decrease the locomotor activities. This property of Acacia leave extract is comparable with DZP.


Estudio exploratorio del perfil psicológico de los alumnos de nuevo ingreso a la carrera de Psicología del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara The objective of the study is to evaluate the psychological profile of a group of new entrance students to the Psychology degree program at the Health Science Center (Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud) using the revised version of MMPI-2 in Spanish. Our aim is to identify the main features of Psychological profile of such students for a possible educational use of this data in further time, as well as to provide information about the functioning and adecuations of the MMPI-2 in Mexican standar populations.


The present study was carried out to assess the efficacy of yeast against nematode from both fruits and soil samples. Totally 12 native isolates were collected and they were screened against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro condition. All tested yeasts showed various effects on hatching and mortality of nematodes. Among the twelve isolates isolate 1 showed highest effect against hatching and mortalities compared to control. The culture filtrate from yeast isolate Y1, Y2 and Y8 significantly inhibited the egg hatching and increasing the juvenile mortality with the exposure periods from 48 to 96 hrs. Yeast isolates Y1 showed highest level of juvenile mortality 99% followed by isolate Y2 and Y8. In egg hatching, isolates Y1 and Y2 significantly reduced the hatching of juveniles to 98.5% and 97.9%, respectively followed by Y8 isolate. Thus yeast can be used as an effective biocontrol agent for the root knot nematode management.


The triangle inequality‖x + y‖ ≤ (‖x‖ + ‖y‖) is well-known and fundamental. Since the 8th General Inequalities meeting in Hungary (September 15-21, 2002), the author has been considering an idea that as triangle inequality, the inequality ‖x + y‖ ≤ 2(‖x‖ + ‖y‖) may be more suitable. The triangle inequality ‖x + y‖ ≤ 2(‖x‖ + ‖y‖) will be naturally generalized for some natural sum of any two members fj of any two Hilbert spaces Hj . We shall introduce a natural sum Hilbert space for two arbitrary Hilbert spaces.


This paper tries to study the contribution of MacIntyre to Philosophical Theology throughout the analysis of problem of evil in the papers from 1955 to 1959. It tries to study the context of discussion (Mackie, Flew) and the arguments of MacIntyre, which concludes with an affirmation of fideism in Christianity, quite close to Bultmann. Key-words: MacIntyre, Mackie, Flew, Philosophical Theology, evil.


During the routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students a unilateral variation was seen in the insertion of deltoid muscle in the left arm. The muscle took origin as usual. The most anterior clavicular fibers inserted in the form of a long tendon into the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The tendon crossed the neurovascular structures of the arm. This type of variation may compress upon the neurovascular structures leading to lack of blood supply and neurological compromise of the distal parts of the upper limb.


Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) plays an important role in diabetes management. For effective MNT, not only an individualized meal plan considering daily eating habits and preferences, but also overall management strategies and adjustments on drug therapy and physical activity are required. In particular, an individualized meal plan is needed based on an understanding of the medicine's mechanism and side effects, because glucose is controlled well only when prescription medicines and diet are in harmony.


The morbidity from meningococcic disease (EM) is studied for Spain and for Valencia province from 1940 to 1988, and the evolution of mortality from this disease until 1985. After a period of high incidence. a considerable reduction is noted in recent years (1982-l 988).
As for Valencia province, 2,424 retrospective epidemiological polls have been studied from people with EM form 1979 to 1988. It has been observed that those most affected are children under five years of age. It has also been seen that the districts most affected by this disease were those on the coast, with greatest density of popuiation, as well as the neighbourhoods of Valencia City with the lowest socio-economic leve1 and greatest indices of over-crowding. Finally, we indicate that in microbiological analyses, Serogroup B meningococcus is present in more than 80 % of those isolated.


Through the comparative analysis of the phatic communion in English and Chinese,we found that they have similar functions in their language,but the basic form and content have a big difference.This article introduces definition of phatic communion,explains that the pragmatic difference is the reflection of cultural differences between China and Western countries.


Concerning some quality problems,such as wheel set and axle easy to pull destroy in wheelset assembly and assembly size hard to guarantee,existed in SS4GAI electric locomotive mono-bloc wheel equipment,it is found the cause for wheel and axle pull destroy in wheelset assembly and assembly size hard guarantee in this article by studying the wheelset assembly,axle and wheel manufacturing process,combining technical transfer information.Through improving traditional process method,it solves the quality problem and meanwhile provides the method to solving same kind of problems happened on other type locomotives.


In this article, a review is presented of the thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes, based on the Clausius inequality representative of the literal forms of the second law of thermodynamic...


When using quartz OSL to date loess samples from the Chinese Loess Plateau, it has been reported that the agreement between OSL ages and the independent ages is limited to the samples younger than ∼70 ka with a corresponding De of ∼230 Gy, and a sample with an expected age of 780 ka was dated to 107 ka, corresponding to 403 Gy. The growth curves of these samples do not saturate at doses of 700 Gy, and a linear growth part was observed for doses higher than 200 Gy. However, the maximum measured age of ∼100 ka imply that the De determined using this linear part of a growth curve could be problematic, or that the quartz OSL signal is not as stable as previously thought and has a barrier age of ∼100 ka. In the current study, we examine the reasons for the age underestimation. We examined the shape of growth curves, anomalous fading, thermal stability, etc. The results show that, for the loess samples examined, quartz OSL does not fade anomalously, and the barrier age of ∼100 ka is due to the fact that the OSL signals are less thermally stable, the lifetime of 0.311 Ma at 20°C obtained is much smaller than those for quartz samples from other regions such as Australia (∼100 Ma).


This thesis explores the relationship between women's participation in peace processes and the adoption of gender-sensitive peace agreements and post-conflict constitutions in two cases: Nepal and Kenya. It asks how far and in what ways 'strong' gender provisions have been implemented and their effect on women's political, social and economic participation across formal and informal spheres. Combining feminist political economy analysis with theories of patriarchal social structures, the thesis examines how women's unequal access to material resources and socioeconomic rights and patterns of patriarchal harms and violence against women shape women's participation in transitions towards peace.


The problem of selecting controlling instruments that match a company's needs confronts both science and practice. In the business world controllers, consultants, or software vendors must decide which instrument or method best suits an individual enterprise or classes of companies. Questions to be dealt with are e. g. which set of methods apply to a certain company, which modules to choose or how software could be tailored to a company. Science can help by classifying companies and by developing general rules. The importance of the topic is reflected in the current discussion about industry-specific software. In this paper the authors discuss how to adapt controlling instruments to business characteristics. Conjectures presently discussed in literature are taken into consideration, and the qualification of existing typologies is examined. As a first result, a set of rules that link business attributes to controlling methods is presented.


Abstract This article proposes a new sharpened version of Jensen's inequality. The proposed new bound is simple and insightful, is broadly applicable by imposing minimum assumptions, and provides fairly accurate results in spite of its simple form. Applications to the moment generating function, power mean inequalities, and Rao-Blackwell estimation are presented. This presentation can be incorporated in any calculus-based statistical course.


The Obudu Community of Northern part of Cross River State is made of ten political wards with about five languages spoken with dialectal differences. The people are very friendly and richly blessed with an enviable traditional marriage system which this paper chooses to x-ray regarding the way culture and tradition influences it. The paper also examines the socio-economic implications on the less privileged since marriage, they say, is the beginning of a legitimate family in all societies of the world and certain rules are established in order to specify unions that can be called marriage and those that cannot for whatever. The society stipulates what right becomes legitimate and therefore desirable and appropriate but in some situations, certain persons may challenge or oppose the existing marriage norms by going into unions or alliances that are contrary to natural rules and law of decency and societal norms of proper enculturation. This is not because of their will but due to the huge cost which culture and tradition imposes on mankind. The society is a complex whole of belief, art, moral, law, customs as well as the total way of life of the people. The practice by the Obudu people degenerates to delay in marriages, unwanted pregnancies, abortion, as a result of the huge economic implications involved. The paper equally examines the political, social and religious practice of the people, traditional marriage and contends that the practice of this nature should be reformed so as to reduce excess cost as well as other social, political and religious vices that bedevil the practice of traditional marriage among the Obudu People.


This study attempted to analyse in detail the effect of src kinase on the growth and differentiation of MDCK cells in different extracellular matrix (ECM) environments. A method was developed to label the membrane proteins in situ and the distribution of cytoskeletal and junctional proteins was visualized in three‐dimensional cell complexes, using optical sections generated by confocal microscopy. Independently of the ECM, non‐transformed MDCK cells formed differentiated cell cysts with one or a few lumina, with the apical side facing the lumen; ZO‐1 was expressed at the tight junctions close to the apical side and β‐catenin, E‐cadherin and fodrin along the entire lateral walls. The phenotype of src kinase activated MDCK cells was strongly dependent on the ECM and varied from an irregular cluster in collagen I, to tubular structures in laminin or proteoglycans, and finally to a polarized cell cyst in Matrigel. In collagen I, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin were seen partially along the lateral walls and partially in the cytoplasm of src‐transformed MDCK cells; fodrin was released into the cytoplasm and ZO‐1 was not visualized. When the src‐transformed cells were cultivated in Matrigel, their junctional proteins were recruited to the cell membranes and ZO‐1 reappeared at the apical face. Thus, the components of Matrigel could overcome the deleterious effect of src on the polarity of MDCK cells. TGFβ1, together with its receptors and other soluble factors in Matrigel, were responsible for the induction of differentiation. The results show that tyrosine phosphorylation sensitizes the epithelial MDCK cells to ECM and TGFβ1. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.