man by the term plasticity. e this prnciplo view, let us consider what takes place in th production of vaularity. At first, it is aditted that thee streamlets of blood pas thrugh mere channels in the scarcely concrete substance: thee i no distinct vessel, but this in ll probability is soon formed, in virtue of the same principle of coagulation at the surface. The surface of the little current becomes a tube. Where oppsite currents are established in such a tube, there must be between the two currents a portion of fOuid at rest, which must be favourable to the same principle of coagulation, which, by forming a septum between the two fluids, will give to each its own distmct tube, the one corresponding to the other with the most perfect accordance, precisely as we see to be the case in the most delicate membranes, when furnished with two sets of vessels. It will equally apply where one artery may have two veins.* I have entertained this speculation for some years, without being able to see any reasons tending either to refute or more fuUy to confirm it. Nevertheless, the existence of valves in one set of vessels and not in the other seemed to form so striking a difference between the two, that I con-


This paper introduces the characteristics, network structure and protocol of GSM short message service Then it presents a system of the mobile POS service, which uses the SMS, and analyzes the advantage


Abstract Driven by successful achievements in recovering high-resolution ice records of climate and atmospheric composition through the Late Quaternary, new ice–tephra sequences from various sites of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) have been studied in the last two decades spanning an age range of a few centuries to 800 kyr. The tephrostratigraphic framework for the inner EAIS, based on ash occurrence in three multi-kilometre-deep ice cores, shows that the South Sandwich Islands represent a major source for tephra, highlighting the major role in the ash dispersal played by clockwise circum-Antarctic atmospheric circulation penetrating the Antarctic continent. Tephra records from the eastern periphery of the EAIS, however, are obviously influenced by explosive activity sourced in nearby Antarctic rift provinces. These tephra inventories have provided a fundamental complement to the near-vent volcanic record, in terms of both frequency/chronology of explosive volcanism and of magma chemical evolution through time. Despite recent progress, current data are still sparse. There is a need for further tephra studies to collect data from unexplored EAIS sectors, along with extending the tephra inventory back in time. Ongoing international palaeoclimatic initiatives of ice-core drilling could represent a significant motivation for the tephra community and for Quaternary Antarctic volcanologists.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the key food experience factors that affect a consumer's restaurant meal enjoyment. It considers the effects on the dining experience that come from enhancements in today's restaurants and the advent of the foodie customer. The paper reviews the modern restaurant scene in Canada and how best practices have created non-events despite differentiation attempts among producers of hospitality experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the literature regarding current practices in modern restaurants is reviewed, along with a discussion of the foodie consumer. Analysis draws on the theory that many transactions in hospitality are mundane and few offer meta-hospitality memorable moments.

Findings

With the expanding range of restaurant choice across Canada – serving better-than-ever food options in green environments in unique servicescapes – it would appear that these are the golden years of the food service industry. Yet the reality could be that consumers are walking away feeling that all gastronomic experiences are equally mundane.

Practical implications

An examination of the way we approach food service as entertainment and escape is called for. Examining hospitality trends is part of what makes the industry a source of fascination for consumers and researchers.

Originality/value

The author's culinary background as a professional chef and his recent academic experience, including his doctoral research in a related topic, enriches the originality of this article.


Introduction and objective: family is the most important institute of every society and the society will be developed if the family positively does their performances. If there is a conflict in the family, its performance will be disordered. This study has been conducted to assess the effect of cognitive behavioral couple therapy on reduction of marital conflicts and burnout of couples. Methodology: the type of this experimental study is pretest-posttest with control and test groups. Statistical population of study includes couples of Golestan province, Iran. The sample size was obtained to 64 members using simple random sampling and they were placed into two test and control groups. Both groups were pretest before implementation of protocol and posttest was conducted for both groups after implementation of protocol. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS20 software using formulas of mean and standard deviation as well as covariance formula at inferential level. Findings: the analyses indicated that training of cognitive behavioral skills has a significant effect with coefficient of 0/46 on marital conflicts and training of cognitive behavioral skills has a significant effect on marital burnout with coefficient of 0/65. Discussion and conclusion: according to the findings of this study, it is suggested to experts and consultants in field of family and family therapy consider training of cognitive behavioral skills as an important factor before marriage or within conflict between couples.


One of the tasks of the International Compression Club (www.ICC-compressionclub.com) is to promote education concerning the widely underestimated role of compression therapy in vascular medicine. The invitation of Cees Wittens organizing the venous part of the wellestablished and successful annual European Vascular Courses in Maastricht to integrate an ICC meeting into this EVC course was therefore gladly accepted since synergistic effects between the two groups could be expected. Actually the venous EVC programme includes every day a compression session in which experts mainly proposed by the ICC are presenting important and controversial clinical issues: compression in arterial patients, in patients with deep vein thrombosis, post thrombotic syndrome and in leg ulcers. Most of these presentations are published in this present collection of papers. In the past years the ICC had organized several conferences and consensus meetings concentrating on neglected fields of compression therapy like measuring compression pressure and methods of assessing effects of compression, indications, classification of bandages and stockings, guidelines for studies in chronic oedema, dogmas in compression therapy, intermittent pneumatic compression, all published in international journals (see: www.ICC-compressionclub.com). For the first time the Maastricht-meeting of the ICC will focus on the rather neglected area of patients perception of compression therapy which has deciding importance for the compliance. The main aim of this meeting is to agree on a specific questionnaire which can be used in future studies comparing different compression materials and regimes in various indications as an instrument to assess patient's perception and satisfaction. Some of the abstracts of presentations given in this ICC -meeting are attached.


Cloud Computing is now one of the most hyped information technology arenas and it has becoming one of the fastest rising sections of IT. Cloud computing permits us to scale our servers in greatness and availability in order to provide services to a greater number of end users. Furthermore, adopters of the cloud service model are charged based on a pay-per-use basis of the cloud's server and network resources. Resources can easily be scaled up or down dynamically without much interaction between client and service provider. The function of this model is to reduce the effect of EDoS attack by some tactical enemy/s, set of enemies or zombie machine system (BOTNET) to curtail the accessibility of the target resources, which declines the profits and increases the cost of the different cloud workers in a direct or indirect way. In this paper, we proposed an approach, named Pattern Attack Recognition, to detect the Economical-Denial-Of-Sustainability (EDoS) attack from cloud platforms. We sketch a proposed model to assess Outcome of the results in terms of its response time and resource usage.


The photoinduced visible light emission from lightly oxidized porous silicon can be reversibly quenched by both sulfur dioxide molecules and iodine molecules. Possible mechanisms for these processes are compared to the better understood mechanism for Bronsted base quenching of porous silicon photoemission. Supporting evidence was obtained through infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and surface chemistry. The feasibility of fashioning a SO2 sensor using oxidized porous silicon is also discussed.


In this paper we present a system with the goal of protecting and restoring tampered information in images and videos. With the proposed approach is possible we implement a tampering detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on watermarking and halftoning techniques. At the encoder side, the algorithm generates a binary version (mark) of the original image or video frame (picture) using a halftoning technique. Then, a watermarking technique is used to embed this mark into the host picture. At the decoder side, after the lost or tampered regions are identified, the original content is recovered by extracting the dithered mark corresponding to the affected areas. An inverse halftoning algorithm is used to convert the dithered version of the picture into a good quality colored multi-level approximation of the original content.1 Index Terms — tampering, compression, halftoning, watermarking, data hiding, qim, forgery.


Victimization on the Internet through what has been termed cyberbullying has attracted increased attention from scholars and practitioners. Defined as "willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text" (Patchin and Hinduja 2006:152), this negative experience not only undermines a youth's freedom to use and explore valuable on-line resources, but also can result in severe functional and physical ramifications. Research involving the specific phenomenon—as well as Internet harassment in general—is still in its infancy, and the current work seeks to serve as a foundational piece in understanding its substance and salience. On-line survey data from 1,378 adolescent Internet-users are analyzed for the purposes of identifying characteristics of typical cyberbullying victims and offenders. Although gender and race did not significantly differentiate respondent victimization or offending, computer proficiency and time spent on-line were positively related to both cyberbullying victimization and offending. Additionally, cyberbullying experiences were also linked to respondents who reported school problems (including traditional bullying), assaultive behavior, and substance use. Implications for addressing this novel form of youthful deviance are discussed.


Objective To summarize the reason of postpartum hemorrhage,and to investigate the clinical treatment method of postpartum hemorrhage.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 53 cases patients with postpartum hemorrhage,analysed the relationship of postpartum hemorrhage between the amount of bleeding.Results The cause of postpartum hemorrhage were uterine atony,great children,placental factor,production,trauma,coagulation disorder,the amount of bleeding of coagulation disorder caused by postpartum hemorrhage was best.Conclusion The treatment of postpartum hemorrhage requir the majority of medical staff to be vigilant,be extra careful to treat at risk of maternal and actively take measure to ensure maternal health.


The data mining and it's techniques are enable us to use the historical examples to predict the upcoming events. That kind of techniques is known as the predictive data modeling. The proposed work is an application of predictive data mining system. The risk of heart disease is increases much frequently. The increase rate of heart disease requires understanding the patterns. In this context the proposed study is focused on heart disease prediction system. In this context a data mining based techniques is proposed. The proposed technique involves the use of association rules for predicting the heart disease risk. Thus first a data is collected for experimentation and system design. The obtained dataset contains the attributes and the class labels as the prediction outcome. This dataset is first preprocessed, during the preprocessing the data is transformed into a range of values. In further after conversion of data the outlier detection process is taken place. Therefore to measure the outlier and their removal the regression analysis based method is used. Finally the outcome of the outlier detection and removal process the data is used with the apriori algorithm for generation of the association rules. These recognized rules are used for classification of test dataset. Using the outcome of test data classification the performance of the proposed model is computed and compared against the traditionally available ARM based algorithm. The result shows the proposed technique is efficient and accurate as compared to the traditional ARM algorithm.


In this article, the trend among management systems towards a common structure and the inclusion of additional areas of corporate concern (quality, environment, occupational health and safety and social responsibility) is outlined. The article suggests that a large part of the work associated with implementing and maintaining standardized management systems can be rationalized by developing a 'unified system'. The unified system is proposed to consist of a common basic standard of general managerial methodology expandable with supplements, which are related to the specific areas of concern that the company could wish to include in their management system and possibly have certified. It is estimated that such a unified management system would contribute to synergy between the activities related to each area of concern, resulting in a more careful and efficient treatment of the increasing number of areas of concern. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment


This study compares the educational effect using real equipment, virtual reality, and video to improve the educational and training effect of the army and verifies which method of education is excellent. The Army has made a lot of efforts to realize the actual training environment, however, it is increasingly difficult to provide the actual training environment because of 1) restrictions on securing training sites and urbanization, 2) deepening conflicts with the people, and 3) difficulties in acquiring defense budget. To resolve these issues, the use of virtual reality(VR) has the advantage to experience actual battlefield indirectly and could save budget by training in a virtual battlefield environment. In particular, in the case of dangerous or expensive weapons systems, is further required. Hence this paper studies how effective virtual reality is compared to the actual weapons system. virtual reality(VR) education is less effective than actual equipment education, but it is higher than video education. Based on this research result, it will be used as a basic data for the analysis of educational effects based in virtual reality(VR). ■ keyword :∣Military Training of Army∣Education Effectiveness Analysis∣Virtual Reality∣Vulcan∣ 접수일자 : 2021년 01월 05일 수정일자 : 2021년 02월 02일 심사완료일 : 2021년 02월 08일 교신저자 : 김도헌, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '21 Vol. 21 No. 5 500


Significance
 The OSB will impose a duty of care on internet companies, particularly social media firms and search engines, to protect their users from a range of online harms, both legal and illegal. The communications regulator Ofcom will oversee and enforce compliance, and issue codes of practice that companies must follow.

 Impacts
 Due to their narrower focus, EU rules on tackling online harmful activity will likely be easier to enforce.
 Regulating illegal and harmful activity on encrypted services remains the hardest policy challenge.
 The sheer volume of online content means that reliance on (imperfect) automated filters is unavoidable.
 Western rules on harmful online content will be studied carefully in other countries grappling with similar problems such as India.
 Since OSB will primarily target US 'big tech', the issue will further strain US-UK relations.


Objective:To discuss the experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculus cholecystitis.Methods:396 cases with acute calculus cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The operation was successfully performed in 396 cases,and 32 cases were converted to open surgery.The operative time was 28-110 minutes with an average of 58 minutes,and the blood loss was 10-100ml.No serious complications occurred after surgery.Conclusions:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible for acute calculus cholecystitis.


Jumping Motion of Multi-Diameter Shafts in Heavy Duty Centerless Grinding Shuuhei TAKASU and Masami MASUDA This paper deals with the suppresion of a jumping motion of a workpiece in the heavy duty centerless grinding of multi-diameter shafts. The geometrical accuracy, such as a roundness or straightness, of the multi-diameter shaft tends to be worse than that of the uniform diameter shaft in centerless grinding. It was appeared both analytically and experimentally that the deterioration of the accuracy was caused by the jumping motion of the workpiece which was affected by an upward friction force from the regulating wheel during centerless grinding. The analysis also specifies a stable grinding condition and makes it possible to improve the accuracy in heavy duty centerless grinding for multi-diameter shafts.


The development of a systematic design process for synthetic gene regulatory networks is an intriguing prospect that could improve both our understanding of regulatory motifs and our techniques for constructing novel applications. Such a design process would entail analysis tools capable of reliably predicting the in vivo behavior resulting from a given regulatory architecture. As with the process of designing an electrical circuit, the design tools would take the form of a set of equations that could be numerically simulated to predict the output of a given device. This type of "device genetics" would have an important influence on the development of therapeutic applications, as one can envision the design of complex genetic circuits for monitoring or controlling cellular processes.

Although the pursuit of a systematic program for modeling genetic circuits is within the constraints of current biotechnology, the deduction of the governing dynamical processes that describe these regulatory networks is not straightforward. Many complications can confound a model description. For example, fluctuations in local concentrations or in the conformational properties of regulatory proteins are not easily reconciled in models that focus on phenomena at the regulatory level. Likewise, proteins can aggregate near the DNA or slide along it, and active processes, such as transport, are not easily incorporated. These context-dependent complications often result in a mismatch between the lump kinetic modeling parameters that are measured in vitro and those that are actually present in vivo . This mismatch can render difficult the forward design of useful genetic circuits. In this issue of PNAS, Yokobayashi et al. (1) address this difficulty by demonstrating how directed evolution can be used to tune a designed gene circuit to a desired behavior.

Directed evolution harnesses mechanisms used during natural selection to generate and then identify evolutionary adaptations to novel environmental demands. It typically …


The impact of Information Technology (IT) in organizations has attracted the attention of professionals and academics in recent years. This article analyses the relation between the use of IT and the technologies of Industry 4.0 with internationalization and business performance. Through a study of 168 companies in Bogota city, different regression analyses have been carried out according to the research model proposed to estimate the effects of the determined variables. It is evident that companies with a greater degree use of IT present a greater degree of international activity. Likewise, the study established a model that demonstrates the direct relation between the use of IT and industry 4.0 technologies with business performance. For the statistical analysis the R studio software has been used.


The addition of rare earth element Ce in ferritic stainless steel can improve the high temperature performance to meet the service requirements of automobile exhaust systems at high temperatures. Automobile exhaust systems are generally applied as welded pipes, so it is necessary to study the effect of Ce on the weldability of ferritic stainless steel. In this study, the Trans-varestraint test method was used to test the solidification crack sensitivities of 441 and 441Ce ferritic stainless steel. The 441Ce steel, which has added Ce, showed poor resistance to weld solidification cracking. Using Thermo-Calc software, Ce was observed to expand the solidification temperature range of 441 ferritic stainless steel, increase the time for solid–liquid coexistence during solidification, and increase the sensitivity of solidification cracking. Further, from scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis, the addition of Ce was found to reduce high temperature precipitation (Ti,Nb)(C,N), reduce or even eliminate the "pinning" effect during solidification, and increase solidification crack sensitivity of 441 ferritic stainless steel.


Protein-Protein Inter-action Networks are dynamic in reality; i.e. Inter-actions among different proteins may be ineffective in different circumstances and times. One of the most crucial parameters in the conversion of a static network into a temporal graph is the well-tuning of transformation threshold. In this part of the article, using additional data, like gene expression data in different times and circumstances and well-known protein complexes, it is tried to determine an appropriate threshold. To accomplish this task, we transform the problem into an optimization one


We have analyzed specific transcripts of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family expressed in 32 colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and when possible, their corresponding adjacent (less than 1 cm) and distant (greater than 10 cm) mucosas. From 1 of the 32 patients, we obtained a corresponding tubulovillous adenoma. From 1 additional patient a Crohn's disease sample was also evaluated. CEA mRNA was detectable by northern blot hybridization in 97% of the CRCs examined. Of these, 41% expressed this transcript at higher levels in the tumor than in the corresponding distant mucosa. Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) is another member of the CEA gene family. The NCA mRNA was detectable in 87% of the CRCs examined, with 92% of these expressing the NCA mRNA at higher levels than the tubulovillous adenoma and the specimen from Crohn's colitis, whereas CEA was easily detected. Our findings demonstrate that NCA mRNA is more consistently overexpressed in colon carcinoma relative to distant mucosa than CEA mRNA.


Camera stabilization systems are employed in several types of mobile robots. The objective is to maintain the attitude of the camera constant despite the movements of the host vehicle. This paper deals with the problem of stabilizing a platform using a three‐degree‐of‐freedom gimbal as mechanical actuator. Mechanical unbalances are considered and a multivariable version of the unit vector control (UVC) is employed. The algorithm employs a newly proposed differentiator based on higher order sliding modes that is global and exact. This differentiator can also be used for monitoring and estimation purposes in mechatronic systems. Simulation results are presented using data acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in autonomous flight.


Northern Italian trecento painting has been comparatively little-studied, and Giusto de' Menabuoi's reputation has no doubt suffered from this. Though Giusto was a Florentine by birth, he spent his entire known career in Lombardy and in Padua, and therefore his works have not profited from the careful critical attention that has been given to the art of his native city.1 Giusto is best known by the works he painted in Padua during the 1370's and 1380's, especially the celebrated frescoes in the Cathedral Baptistery.2 The Baptistery was decorated with these frescoes because it was to be the mausoleum of the lord of Padua, Francesco I da Carrara, and his wife, Fina Buzzacarina, a fact that in itself is sufficient indication of the privileged position this now neglected artist held in his own time. Before he was summoned to Padua, Giusto established his reputation in Milan, then the capital of the magnificent and powerful Visconti. In Milan he developed the style he took to Padua. To identify and study Giust...


I found PhD study to be a stimulating, challenging and ideal conduit for exploring knowledge via discussion, argument and defence: to have the opportunity to explore method, methodology, epistemology, ontology and what may constitute 'acceptable' research practice is an enriching experience. I had previously heard of intepretivists decrying positivists et cetera, but I was unprepared to find quantitative researchers and lecturers openly dismissing qualitative approaches, and finding dismissals by qualitative researchers of the use of a quantitative approach: such are disappointing and confusing to a trainee researcher. Thus, a far less enriching experience for a trainee researcher is being faced with assumptions and preferences of experienced researchers that extend from defending approach to decrying any approaches that may not be aligned to their own. As a result, this paper will focus upon the quantitative-qualitative debate (QQD) and offer a critical evaluation upon the issues surrounding affiliations between method and epistemological paradigm. It will also question the validity of 'traditional' divides between qualitative and quantitative methods. This discussion will facilitate an answer to the question: 'can the researcher complement quantitative with qualitative method and vice versa within the same research paradigm and subsequent design'? I will explore here a claim that no more than a rhetorical link exists between method and epistemology and that the 'distinctions' between quantitative and qualitative methods are often erroneous and do not always reflect differing paradigmatic assumptions. Further, I will suggest quantitative and qualitative methods be used in a complementary fashion as opposed to an integrated approach. I will further claim that the quantitative-qualitative debate has much to offer trainee researchers and should thus be kept open, as long as unprejudiced and tolerant discussion is encouraged. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol7/iss3/8 A Principled Complementarity of Method: In Defence of Methodological Eclecticism and the Qualitative-Quantitative Debate by Andy Roberts The Qualitative Report, Volume 7, Number 3 September, 2002


Abstract For sufficiently large odd exponent n we construct a CEP-subgroup isomorphic to a free Burnside group B(∞, n) with infinite number of generators in the free Burnside group B(2, n) on two generators. This implies that B(2, n) is SQ-universal inside the Burnside variety.


Abstract : The intensities of 12C16O2 and 13C16O2 lines have been measured in the laser band region (around 10 micrometers), using Fourier transform spectra. For each studied band the square of the transition dipole moment and Herman-Wallis coefficients have been determined. The band intensities deduced from these results are in good agreement with those obtained by the Direct Numerical Diagonalization calculations. In addition the self broadening coefficients have been measured.


In web service composition, there exist various web services that provide the same functionalities but differ in QoS parameters. Hence there exist several execution plans with different QoS attributes which fulfill user constraints. We propose in this paper an algorithm for selecting an execution plan which satisfies as much as possible user end-to-end QoS requirements and preferences. The algorithm we propose is based on pareto search. An execution plan is pareto optimal for a given qos user requirements and preferences if it is not possible to improve a qos attribute without deteriorating at least one qos attribute. Unlike existing propositions which bind to a service qos vector a unique value (utility function), our approach relies on an utility vector to each execution plan where each element of a vector represents the utility of the plan to the corresponding QoS attribute. However, since we can be faced with incomparable utility vectors, we propose to use a lexicographic preorder for pareto search which corresponds to a preference pre-order among quality attributes given in user request. Experiments on large problem instances demonstrate the scalability and the effectiveness of the approach.


Over recent years a number of techniques have been developed as part of the Australian Minerals Industries Research Association (AMIRA) P9 project to represent mathematically or measure directly subprocesses occurring in flotation cells. These include the determination of a: Machine parameter (bubble surface area flux, S); froth parameter (froth recovery, R); entrainment and drainage parameters (ξ and δ); and ore floatability parameter (P). A cost-effective methodology was developed for using these techniques to derive models of flotation circuits. This methodology was applied to derive a model of the flotation circuit at the Western Mining Corporation (WMC) Ltd Mt Keith Nickel Concentrator. The model was used to simulate a number of minor circuit flowsheet changes, the results of which are discussed in this paper. One year later, a second study of this plant Was conducted. In this second study, data were collected while operating the plant in the flowsheet configurations that were simulated from the model developed from the first study. The results obtained from the second study showed reasonable agreement with the trends predicted from the first study model; discrepancies can be explained in terms of the model assumptions. This suggests that this simple circuit modelling methodology can be useful in assisting plant engineers to optimise flotation circuits.


The three inner Galilean satellites (Io (1), Europa (2) and Ganymede (3)) are locked in the well-know Laplace resonance; however, their orbits suffer significant changes because of the tidal dissipation acting in the system. Taking the values of the dissipative parameters k2/Q as computed from astrometric observations, we investigate the evolution of the system, focusing on the possible capture in resonance of Callisto (4). We find that after almost 2 Gy, Ganymede and Callisto have a resonant encounter, which can drive to a 4-body mean motion resonance (MMR) and/or disrupt the current Laplace resonance. We observe two main different behaviors of the 4-body resonant lock: the libration of the corresponding angle can be a pure geometric effect or have a dynamical evolution.


As VDUs increase in popularity the controversy surrounding the claimed health hazards they represent rages more fiercely. The question remains as to whether or not there is a case to answer


One of the positive values of development is the flexibility to access information. Information is needed by everyone with various purposes, including updating knowledge, material for opinions and making decisions. In the field of health, information that is developing is very diverse. Starting from preventive, curative and rehabilitative measures. Disseminating health information is something that must be done carefully. Delivering information in the health sector is not easy to do. Currently, wireless communication networks have spread to almost all area. So that it can be used for the process of disseminating health information to people anywhere and anytime more actively, independently and responsibly. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the media in an effort to increase knowledge and actions taken by the community in efforts to prevent COVID19 in society. The research used descriptive research method where primary data were collected online using google form. The results of this study the public prefers to access news from electronic sources than non-electronic ones or from health promotion officers. However, through online news there has been a lot of less accurate and counter-productive news, This raises separate concerns about the truth and the party responsible for the news or information. It is better if as consumers of information we are wiser in responding by filtering the information received before passing the information on to other community groups. We should also look for other sources of information that are more validated so that they are not wrong in making decisions. Conclusion media research can increase public knowledge if used appropriately and responsibly. Information that comes from the media is also used as the basis for taking action by the community. The combination of extension methods that are mass gathering or using leaflets and brochures can be combined in the form of digital outreach, for example with short videos or sharing information through other social media which is more efficient, creative and in line with the target recipients of information.


Improvements in antenatal care and advances in neonatal medicine have resulted in increased survival of infants, in particular those of very low birthweight (VLBW) (< 1500 g) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) (< 1000 g). If simple gain in life years is taken as a standard, then neonatal care is the most successful discipline in medicine today.1 The psychological development and quality of life of VLBW and ELBW children has become an increasing focus of recent research.2 #### Key messages

The psychological development of the preterm child has been considered in four main domains: (a) cognitive development (for example, intelligence, memory, language); (b) behavioural and emotional status ranging from individual differences such as temperament to behavioural problems such as hyperactivity, phobias, or enuresis; (c) social functioning—that is, the ability to form and maintain social relationships with adults and peers and to reflect on these relationships (for example, self concept); and (d) school adaptation and failure.

To provide reliable, valid, and generalisable information on the psychological developmental outcome of VLBW infants the ideal study should: (a) be prospective; (b) be based on large populations (geographical, epidemiological, or multicentre studies); (c) have few infants lost to follow up or good documentation of the dropouts; (d) include full term control groups for cohort specific comparisons; (e) be long term …


The large strain extrusion-machining process has been used to refine the microstructure in a Titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). The unconstrained cutting or machining of Ti–6Al–4V entails the formation of shear localized chips at nearly all cutting speeds, thereby hindering the use of extrusion-machining to produce fine-grained materials. The present effort attempts to suppress shear localization by the suitable modification of texture in Ti–6Al–4V through the cold-rolling process prior to extrusion-machining. Ti–6Al–4V plates were cold rolled to 30, 40, 45, and 47% thickness reductions. These textured plates were extrusion machined using a suitably designed fixture leading to fine-grained continuous foils with increased hardness. Microscopy has revealed that the suppression of shear localization in the foils produced from plates which are cold rolled to more than 40% of thickness reduction is triggered by texture formation. For thickness reductions slightly lower than 40% (e.g., 30%), suppression can be achieved only by a combination of texture and extrusion.


Although physical activity can have substantial mental and physical health benefits, people with cerebral palsy usually lead sedentary lives. To understand, at an individual level, this inactivity, we interviewed a 29-year-old minimally active woman with cerebral palsy (Alana) about the meanings and experiences of physical activity throughout her life. Using a case-study approach, we found that Alana had adverse childhood experiences with physical activity, including: having to perform difficult, and sometimes painful, physiotherapy; wearing callipers to assist her walking; demonstrating limited competence at physical activity; being excluded from physical education and other organised physical activity at school; and feeling socially isolated from her classmates. These experiences seemed to contribute to feelings of difference/inferiority and the subsequent avoidance of physical activity, which, in turn, might have contributed to premature functional decline. Physical activity levels in people with cerebral palsy might be increased through focusing on enhancing childhood experiences.


We investigated the characteristics of Y2O3 films grown on an oxidized Si(111) surface, using x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The films grown on the oxidized Si show drastically improved crystallinity, compared with the film grown on clean Si surfaces: channeling minimum yield (Xmin) of 2.5% and full width at half maximum of rocking curve lower than 0.03°. The improvement of the crystallinity was due to the difference of the crystalline structure at the interface between the films grown on the oxidized and clean Si surfaces. Crystalline orientation of Y2O3 islands at the interfacial region was misaligned from the normal substrate direction. The misalignment decreased with increasing the substrate temperature. In particular, the ordering of the oxygen atom in the film grown on oxidized Si was improved compared to that of the Y atom, indicating that the crystallinity of the film is dominantly determined by the arrangement of th...


Creation of large size, lightweight, rigid and precision reflectors is the problem that still remains in the field of space antennas. In recent years, a voluminous work has been being conducted jointly by the European Space Agency, Munich Technical University and Georgian Technical University aiming at finding out a new structural design. The structures of the rings having a new design circular double pantograph, conical V-fold bars, unfolding springs and electrical motors, and of the flexible, geometrically unchangeable center have been elaborated and theoretically and experimentally studied within the scope of the work. The researches and tests revealed pros and cons of the new constructions. In their entirety, the structures are rigid, precision, lightweight and are capable of controlling and managing the transforming processes.


The internal model control (IMC) procedure is introduced for the synthesis of robust continuous time of the generalized predictive controller (CGPC) and applied to ac machine using the state space formulations. An induction machine is used as an example. It is shown that the CGPC/IMC design is straightforward and the resulting controller is simple to implement. In this paper, the design is carried out and simulation results are presented.


An incomplete financial market is considered with a risky asset and a bond. The risky asset price is a pure jump process whose dynamics depends on a jump-diffusion stochastic factor describing the activity of other markets, macroeconomics factors or microstructure rules that drive the market. With a stochastic control approach, maximization of the expected utility of terminal wealth is discussed for utility functions of constant relative risk aversion type. Under suitable assumptions, closed form solutions for the value functions and for the optimal strategy are provided and verification results are discussed. Moreover, the solution to the dual problems associated with the utility maximization problems is derived.


It is evident that directional signposting can be improved in a number of respects. (1) Road maps should agree with the directions given on the roads. (2) Commerce and industry should be encouraged to use good road maps on advertisements. (3) Street name plates can be improved. A guidance system will not work for all individuals in all situations, due to fatigue, etc. On long journeys there is additional need for advance direction signs. An advance sign must be repeated at all junctions up to the final point. Colour coding for certain types of transport, e.g. dangerous goods, is warranted. Safety at motorway exits and junctions is increased by road signs. New regulations which apply to the whole country should be publicised in national media, those applicable locally in local media. Information in mass media should use correct terminology, locations, etc. As regards Inter-Nordic R&D, the Nordic Association of Road Engineers NVF has a coordinatory role. Even though there are differences in legislation, a long term programme on directional signposting should be initiated. NVF should set up an information centre for road engineers in all the countries. NVF should arrange discussions on R&D. Directional signposting should be properly planned. (TRRL)


The aim of this study was to show the life situation of the methadone patients' in Sweden and what the methadone treatment may mean in the clients' everyday lives. Our two main questions were: How do the methadone patients' describe that they are being treated by their surrounding and the methadone program? How do the methadone patients' describe that the methadone treatment has affected them in their lives? This study is based on seven semi structured interviews. Theories about stigma, labeling theory, symbolic interactionism and the construction of a client are central in the analysis of the data. The results showed that methadone patients feel stigmatized by their surroundings, and also feel that the identity is hard to get rid of. The results also showed that the methadone patients feel that the control within the methadone program is too hard and can result in premature dropout from the program or even be a reason to why some may hesitate and refrain from seeking the treatment. The interviewers stress that support from the surrounding is important and can help to achieve abstinence whereas perceived stigma does the opposite and makes the methadone treatment harder.


The neglected diseases (NDs) need to be placed much higher on the agendas of the Ministries of Health and other organizations which are capable of effective action. Pan American Health Organization's plan seeks to strengthen surveillance, prevention, and control systems for NDs, with expected positive collateral benefits to other surveillance and control programs in Ministries of Health. Multi-disease, integrated, inter-sectoral, and inter-programmatic approaches need to be field-tested with pilot projects in communities. If the pilot projects are successful, these approaches will help optimize the use of scarce financial and human resources for communicable disease control in countries of the Region. Increased awareness of the importance and impact of the NDs in countries of the Region should help create or consolidate space and resources for these ND programs to continue into the future. Community-based projects should count with an ample number of local partners (non-governmental development organizations, church and community groups, local politicians) and perhaps other international partners to secure the continuance of prevention and control activities into the future. Cost and cost-effectiveness analysis of the data resulting from the pilot projects will be necessary to evaluate the multi-disease, inter-programmmatic and/or inter-sectoral and integrated interventions and their resulting synergies; if economically successful they should encourage investment by the private and public sector to address NDs in marginalized populations.


Body surface area (BSA) has been used in clinical practice to determine dosage of medication and in standardisation of biological parameters such as creatinine clearance, cardiac out put etc. BSA is estimated from measured height and weight, either with a nomogram or using a mathematical equation. There are many mathematical equations in the published literature but many are complex and may not be practical for use in busy wards or clinics [1]. The equation described by Mosteller is the simplest, and could estimate BSA using a nonscientific calculator [2]. The Boyd-West nomogram is a simple technique to estimate BSA, but has led to more estimation errors than the Mosteller equation [3]. Many would prefer to use a simple mathematical equation over a nomogram if the results produced by latter are accurate [4]. This study was designed to compare the accuracy of the Boyd-West nomogram and Mosteller equation in the estimation of BSA when used by medical officers (MO).


The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the worship pattern of religious people widely. Religious practices conducted regularly and carried out in special places have shifted. Communal worship practices that involve many worshippers are limited at home and involve limited people. This article aims to explain the form of a strategy of Muslims and Christians in carrying out their worship routines during the covid-19 pandemic. The data used as the basis for analysis are obtained through observations, interviews, and literature studies. This article shows that the change in the pattern of worship is the result of a state of emergency and the choice to continue to carry out obligations as a devoutly religious person. The limitations of the prayer room are circumvented by adjusting it to government policies. Policies on social distancing and compliance with health protocols are efforts to prevent the spread of the virus. In a religious context, it is part of an effort to save lives that must be obeyed. This article is still limited to discussions about changing the pattern of worship practices in two religious groups so it still needs further studies that also look at practices for adherents of other religions.


Our main purpose in this study is to examine the performance indicators of companies subject to Article 44 before/after privatization in Tehran stock exchange. To do so, there has been provided three hypotheses to identify the relation between the research variables. In this study, Return On Sale (ROS), Return On Assets (ROA) Return On Equity (ROE) are the variables. Statistical population of the study includes all the listed companies in Tehran stock exchange. This study, also, covers the companies which were the members of Tehran stock exchange during 2004 to 2008. The number of samples is 52 companies in this study. Finally, there have been used a T-test with paired/correlated sample to examine each of the hypothesis. The results demonstrated that there is a significant difference between ROS mean, ROA mean and ROE mean of companies subject to Article 44 before/after privatization.


Abstract : The high temperature anneal of hydrogen terminated silicon has been shown to etch and roughen its surface. We attempt to describe the degree of this roughness and the time scale on which it occurs using several electrical measurements: excess direct tunneling currents, dielectric breakdown and the oscillations in the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling currents. From these results we draw conclusions on the time and water content dependence of pre-oxidation annealing on the microroughness of the Si/SiO2 interface.


High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technologies make massive genotype data, with a large number of individuals, publicly available. Accessibility of genetic data makes genome-wide association studies for complex diseases possible. The susceptibility to complex diseases can be predicted through the analysis of the genetic data and prospective patients can be helped to make informed decisions. With the development of DNA microarray technique, it is possible to access the human genetic information related to specific diseases, but most disease association studies are based on genotypes. This paper uses a combinatorial method to analyze the haplotype data for Crohn's disease and search disease-associated factors for given case/control samples. A Linear programming based method has been applied to publicly available genotype data on Crohn's disease for association study and achieved a promising result.


As advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) approach the realm of widespread deployment, there is an increasing need to robustly capture the variability of link travel time in real-time to provide reliable real-time traffic information to travelers. This study proposes an adaptive information fusion model to estimate the short-term link travel time distribution by iteratively combining past information on link travel time on the current day and long-term historical link travel time information with real-time link travel time information available at discrete time points. The long-term historical and past link travel time information are represented as discrete distributions. The real-time link travel time is represented as a range, and is characterized using information quality in terms of information accuracy and time delay. A nonlinear programming formulation is used to specify the adaptive information fusion model to update the short-term link travel time distribution by focusing on information quality. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed model adequately captures the short-term link travel time distribution in terms of accuracy, robustness and adaptivity. Further, the mean of the short-term link travel time distribution is more representative of the ambient link travel time compared to the mean of the commonly-used long-term link travel time distribution. Thereby, the proposed information fusion model bridges methodological gaps in the ATIS context related to information fusion and short-term travel time distribution.


The utility model relates to a multi-stage online charging management device for an intelligent lithium battery. The mentioned device comprises a transformation system, a charge and discharge management system and an indication circuit system. The transformation system comprises a transformer step-down part and an AC/DC part. The charge and discharge management system comprises a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) control core and a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) switching circuit. Input commercial power voltage is reduced through the transformer step-down part and then is converted into direct current through an AC/DC circuit. The DSP control core samples output current/voltage values of the AC/DC part for determining the duty ratio of a MOSFET switching tube, in order to control the charging operation of the lithium battery. An indication circuit adopts four LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps for indicating the charging process of the lithium battery. The multi-stage online charging management device can select a mode for charging the lithium battery according to charge and discharge characteristics of the lithium battery through software programming, can protect the lithium battery to the greatest extent, and can prolong the service life of the lithium battery.


The best known exact solver for generating provably optimal solutions to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is the Concorde algorithm. Concorde uses a branch and bound search strategy, as well as cutting planes to reduce the search space. The first step in using Concorde is to obtain a good initial solution. A good solution can be generated using a heuristic solver outside of Concorde, or Concorde can generate its own initial solution using the Chained Lin Kernighan (LK) algorithm. In this paper, we speed up Concorde by improving the initial solutions produced by Chained LK using Partition Crossover. Partition Crossover is a powerful deterministic recombination operator that is able to tunnel between local optima. In every instance we examined, the addition of recombination resulted in an average speed-up of Concorde, and in the majority of cases, the difference in the runtime costs was statistically significant.


• A 54-year-old woman had acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. She developed excessive growth of lanugo-like hair all over her body two years prior to the sudden appearance of a rapidly growing, localized, solid mammary tumor. Of 12 published cases, nine have been associated with an internal malignant neoplasm and obviously, as in the present case, the cutaneous symptoms may serve as a skin marker by preceding the tumor diagnosis for up to two years. ( Arch Dermatol 112:1442-1444, 1976)


The importance of fluctuation ratio in the context of uniform gas-solid fluidization has been presented. Correlations in terms of system parameters have been developed for the prediction of fluctuation ratio and its experimental and calculated values have been compared. It has been observed that the fluctuation ratio for the same air mass velocity, decreases (i.e., quality of fluidization improves) with an increase in the bed height by keeping all distributor parameters unchanged. Similarly, an increase in the particle size leads to better fluidization quality. An increase in the free flow area for air through the distributor causes more and more non-uniformity in fluidization.


Tetronasin (formerly ICI139603) [l] is a polyether polyketide antibiotic produced during the aerobic growth of the Gram-positive soil organism Streptomyces longisporofluvus. It has been used c o m i a l l y as a cattle food additive where it has been found to improve food utilisation [2] and to combat the onset of acid lactosis [3]. It may well also prove to be commercially viable as an anticwidant for use in the poultry industry.


Colonic mucosa is a very peculiar immunological site daily exposed to a huge amount of harmless antigens. It is important for the immune system to be able to recognize this innocuous antigens from pathogens. Among all the immune cells, CX3CR1+ macrophages exploit this critical role. In this commentary on our recent publication on Immunobiology we want to highlight the crucial and unique role of these macrophages in order to maintain homeostasis and avoid the rise of aberrant inflammation and tissue damage.


To evaluate how an intervention, which combined hand washing promotion aimed at 5‐year‐olds with provision of free soap, affected illnesses among the children and their families and children's school absenteeism.


AIM
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of aripiprazole once-monthly 400/300 mg (AOM 400) in maintenance monotherapy treatment of bipolar I disorder (BP-I).

METHODS
A de novo lifetime Markov model was developed for BP-I using available data for AOM 400 and relevant comparators. Base-case analysis considered costs and outcomes from the US payer perspective.

RESULTS
The cost per quality-adjusted life year gained with AOM 400 versus comparators ranged from US$2007 versus oral asenapine to dominance (i.e., lower cost with quality-adjusted life gain) versus long-acting injectable risperidone, paliperidone palmitate, oral cariprazine and best supportive care. Patients treated with AOM 400 were estimated to have fewer mood episodes and hospitalizations per patient (5.37) than comparators (6.33, asenapine or cariprazine; 6.54, risperidone long-acting injectable; 7.64, paliperidone palmitate; and 8.93, best supportive care). Sensitivity analyses showed results were robust to parameter uncertainty.

CONCLUSION
AOM 400 may be considered cost effective in the maintenance monotherapy treatment of BP-I in adults.


The potential for direct (non-electric) utilization of local-gradient geothermal energy in six Alaskan towns is summarized. A major objective of this study was to stimulate development and use of the geothermal resource provided by the earth's average thermal gradient, as opposed to the few anomalies that are typically chosen for geothermal development. Hence, six towns for study were selected as being representative of remote Alaskan conditions, rather than for their proximity to known geothermal resources. The moderate-temperature heat available almost everywhere at depths of two to four kilometers into the earth's mantle could satisfy a major portion of the nation's heating requirements--but the cost must be reduced. It is concluded that a geothermal demonstration in Nome would probably be successful and would promote this objective.


An analysis of the times requirements for the development of China's education and the present educational situation shows that there are still some mistaken ideas in the areas of students ideological education and course design. There exist some weak points in compulsory education in the countryside and graduates employment. It is very important for the current reform and development of education to adjust the contents of ideological education, strengthen qualities education, improve the support to the education in the country, and establish multi-benefits leading mechanism for the graduates.


Property development, especially malls, continues to make shopping malls in BSD City becoming more diverse. The diversity of these malls is tailored to the needs of various millennial consumers as well. However, the variety of needs based on the diversity of ages and socio-economic status are influenced by motivation and intensity of millennial consumer visits to all malls in BSD. This makes the malls must have attraction to bring millennial consumers to visit. This research aimed to analyze the attractiveness of malls in BSD and the pattern of visits of millennial consumers influenced by the attractiveness of the mall. The variables of this study include location characteristics, concept of the mall and community experience as well as millennial consumer characteristics, motivation to visit the mall and sources of information. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that different characteristics of Malls in BSD City make each of them has a different attraction. The difference in attractiveness can influence the pattern of millennial consumer visits related to motivational factors, socio-economic status and sources of information owned by each consumer.


The running of arc furnace and silicon carbide furnace will produce bulk reactive power and high-order harmonic.Reactive current and harmonic current join in power grid through distribution network of the factories,which seriously threat the safety of electricity and consume a large amount of pow-er.For cleansing electricity net and energy saving and emission reduction,we manage reactive power and high-order harmonic using TCR type SVC high-voltage dynamic reactive power compensation and filter device.This application ensures the grid security,raises the power quality and increases current carrying capacity,which achieves evident economical returns.Practice proofs that the technology of reactive com-pensation and harmonic elimination device is feasible and effective.


(a) Babylonian Talmud, translated by Rodkinson and Wise, vol. I., p. 83. ' Wherein may hot vessels be deposited (to retain the heat) and wherein may they not ? Depositing in Gepheth (olive waste), dung, salt, lime, and sand, either wet or dry, is not allowed. In straw, grape-skins, wool-flocks, or grass, it is permitted provided they are dry, but not when they are still wet.' Duff suggests that the Jews as beggars might have been content with a cold meal once a week, but Friedlander has pointed out that to the orthodox Jew Sabbath was to be a day of joy, so that even the poorest would try to get a hot meal in spite of the prohibition against cooking.


In this paper the basic principles and functions of safety have been summarised. Various approaches to the safety problems are outlined. A few thoughts on use of statistics for safety management are expressed and a proposal is made for job safety analysis. The covering abstract for the proceedings is TRIS 368005. (TRRL)


The oxidation behavior of magnesium alloy in air at the temperature of 500 ° C to 650 ° C was evaluated abstractly. Increasing Gd content in the alloy is beneficial for the enhanced of oxidation resistance. After Mg-1.5Gd and Mg-3.5Gd alloys were oxidized in air at 500 °C for 6h, dense and smooth oxide films dominated by MgO and Gd2O3 were formed on their surfaces. Gd2O3 content in the oxide films increased with increasing Gd content in the alloy. The oxidized alloys with high content of Gd (1.5 wt.% and 3.5 wt. %) exhibited good corrosion resistance when immersed in salt solution for 100 h.


The majority of online research is now conducted via discontinuous online access panels, which promise high response rates, sampling control, access to populations that are hard to reach, and detailed information about respondents. To sustain a critical mass of respondents, overcome panel attrition and recruit new panel members, marketers must understand how they can predict and explain what motivates people to participate repeatedly in online surveys. Using the newly developed survey participation inventory (SPI) measure, we identify three clusters of participants, characterised as voicing assistants, reward seekers and intrinsics. Our results suggest that most online surveys are filled out by intrinsically motivated respondents that show higher participation rates, response effort and performance; incentives do not offer an important response motive.


In his early philosophical work, Ludwig Wittgenstein developed a full range of ideas in metaphysics, philosophy of language and value, but also in the philosophy of logic, mathematics and natural science. The aim of the present paper is to discuss these ideas in relation to Wittgenstein's central metaphysical project, the "picture theory". My first claim is that "picture theory" grounded a semantic research in logic, mathematics and science that was maintained by Wittgenstein until the early 1930s. Secondly, I claim that Wittgenstein's solutions in semantics, especially after 1928, still make a pertinent philosophical project when evaluated from a contemporary perspective.


A well-known result on spectral variation of a Hermitian matrix due to Mirsky is the following: Let A and A be two n x n Hermitian matrices, and let λ 1 ,...,λ n and λ 1 ,...,λ n be their eigenvalues arranged in ascending order. Then ||| diag (λ 1 −λ 1 ,...,λ n −λ n ) ||| ≤ ||| A - A||| for any unitarily invariant norm |||.|||. In this paper, we generalize this to the perturbation theory for diagonalizable matrix pencils with real spectra. The much studied case of definite pencils is included in this.


Rational utilization of nanomaterials to construct electrochemical nucleic acid sensors has attracted large attention in recent years. In this work, we systematically interrogate the interaction between gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and single-strand DNA (ssDNA) immobilized on an electrode surface and then take advantage of the ultrahigh charge-transfer efficiency of GNPs to develop a novel DNA sensing method. Specifically, ssDNA modified gold electrode can adsorb GNPs because of the interaction between gold and nitrogen-containing bases; thus, the negative electrochemical species [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) may transfer electrons to electrode through adsorbed GNPs. In the presence of target DNA, the formed double-strand DNA (dsDNA) cannot capture GNPs onto the electrode surface and the dsDNA may result in a large charge-transfer resistance owing to the negatively charged phosphate backbones of DNA. So a simple but sensitive method for the detection of target DNA can be developed by using GNPs without any requirement of modification. Experimental results demonstrate that the electrochemical method we have proposed in this work can detect as low as 1 pM breast cancer gene BRCA1 in a 10 μL sample volume without any signal amplification process or the involvement of other synthesized complex, which may provide an alternative for cancer DNA detection. This method may also be generalized for detecting a spectrum of targets using functional DNA (aptamer, metal-specific oligonucleotide, or DNAzyme) in the future.


The aim of this study was to document the current status of the collect ion, sale and consumption of edible insects in the cities of ...


X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of explosive residues remained in an explosion case assisted with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF) and scanning electronic microscopy energy dispersive X-ray analysis(SEM/EDX).It was judged that the explosive is pyrotechnic composition,which belongs to chlorate explosives.It was shown that by XRS the elemental composition and content of inorganic explosive residues could be detected non-destructively and quickly,and the chemical formula of the main explosive component could be determined.The determination of the type of explosives used by the criminal would provide clues for the investigation of explosion cases.


Rear-end collisions account for a high percentage of crashes and are largely attributable to driver inattention. Advanced crash warning systems offer the potential to mitigate such crashes by alerting the driver, reorienting attention, and speeding response time. Developing an understanding whether warning timing influences the effectiveness of different interface modalities is important, both for test protocol development and to understanding system limitations. To that end, the goal of this study was to examine the interaction between two warning timings (early and late) and six interface modalities in a forward collision event. Overall, earlier alerts led to faster and safer responses and several warning modalities were effective at orienting drivers' attention. Critically, interface modality did not interact with warning timing for any performance measure, indicating that the effects of different warning interfaces were consistent across warning timing. These results suggest that it may be appropriate to use the warning timing associated with the driver-vehicle interface during protocol testing for forward collision warnings.


Growing sixfold symmetric osmium (Os) epitaxial films with suitable buffer layers was developed. Using a Cu buffer layer, the lattice mismatch between Os (0002) and Si (100) was significantly reduced from >30% to ∼7% to grow Os films with twin relationships and weak sixfold symmetries. On the other hand, the Cu∕Au buffer layer was selected to form a fcc (111) surface mesh on H–Si (111)-1×1, and therefore sixfold symmetric Os films were grown due to the lower lattice mismatch. Such growth properties may be applied in the high density magnetic random access memory manufacturing processes to connect the magnetic tunnel junction growth and Cu metal line directly.


In a recent issue of Statistics in Medicine, Ian Shrier [Statist. Med. 2008; 27(14):2740–2741] posed a question regarding the use of propensity scores [Biometrika 1983; 70(1):41–55]. He considered an 'M‐structure' illustrated by the directed acyclic graph (DAG) in Figure 1. In Figure 1, z is a binary exposure, r is a response of interest, x is a measured covariate, and u1 and u2 are two unmeasured covariates. Shrier stated that for the M‐structure, '... it remains unclear if the propensity method described by Rubin would introduce selection bias or not'. In the same issue, Donald Rubin [Statist. Med. 2002; 27(14):2741–2742] replied by clarifying several key points in the use of propensity scores. He did not, however, discuss the original question posed by Shrier. Given the popularity of both propensity score methods and graphical models, I think any confusion regarding the appropriateness of these methods deserves serious attention and I would therefore like to answer Shrier's question here. The short answer is that for the M‐structure, propensity score methods do indeed induce a bias. Below, I will clarify this statement. I will first briefly review the basic idea of propensity scores and then explain why the idea does not apply to the M‐structure. I will use a notation which is consistent with Rosenbaum and Rubin [Biometrika 1983; 70(1):41–55]. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


One of the major difficulties bedevilling any discussion of 'social responsibility', be it in physics education or any other activity, is that everyone claims social responsibility for their own views and activities. Certainly the staff of the Open University (OU) feel they are teaching subjects in a 'socially responsible' way-but not everyone would agree with that conclusion. Certainly the methods adopted by the OU are not claimed as being the only route to 'social responsibility'. Perhaps the problem can best be put into focus by recalling the response of Dow Chemicals when criticized by a group of 'socially responsible'scientists. Dow Chemicals claimed that 'it is our social responsibility, as an advanced technological coorporation, to manufacture the weapons and weapons systems required by our  national government for its defence'. This statement referred to the manufacture of napalm by Dow Chemicals. In this article I want to explain why I think that the OU is being socially responsible in teaching physics, or, more generally, science. This is a personal view of a few of the OU's products, and whilst my colleagues have produced the texts I will be referring to, they may not subscribe to my justifications. The particular examples I have chosen illustrate two ways in which the science teaching has been put in a social context. The first example concerns the relationship of academic 'pure' science to society; the second concerns the application of areas of  science and technology to social problems. The first example I want to describe in some detail concerns two units in the latter part of the Science Foundation Course. The first of the two units is concerned with the physics of elementary particles and the techniques used for exploring their properties. Thus there is some hard-core teaching concerned with the motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. But this is presented in the context of the intellectual problem of classifying the particles. Following the 'elementary particles' unit is a unit entitled 'Science and Society'. The first part of this I unit is concerned with the social aspects of the activity of scientific research; how research is funded, the money available, the criteria for choice etc. Then comes the major point. Having previously gripped the student's imagination with particle theory, and having explained the funding of scientific projects, the student is asked to decide for himself whether he would support the 300 GeV accelerator project. The student is provided with a kit, comprising the SRC report, the Council for Scientific Policy report, the minority SRC report, DES statements and a selection of letters published by Nature concerning the project. In addition a TV program associated with the unit includes a lively argument between members of the course team with opposing views on the project. There is an assignment set on the decision making exercise which is marked on the grounds used to arrive at the decision, not on the decision itself. The reason why I have chosen this particular example is not because it's concerned with a particular aspect of physics, nor because it comes under the title of 'Science and Society'. I've chosen it because it succeeds in  translating the intellectual-social problem of 'big science' into the student's personal frame of reference. He has begun to realize for himself why nuclear physicists get excited about their results. Also he knows the physical reasons for wanting such large accelerators. He has also seen the sums of money involved. (As an adult member of society he recognizes the implications of these sums.) So the conflict of social priorities takes on a new reality for this student; he no longer views such decisions as irrelevant or 'merely figures on paper'. The second example I want to describe comes from an interfaculty (science and technology) course en"


It can′t give a single point real-time positioning precision for GPS receiver onboard in tracking missile and rocket.We apply the least squares estimate to calculate GPS single point positioning equation and precision estimate,and put forward the new satellites′ constellation choice algorithm.The computed result of flying experiment data indicates that this method can satisfy the requirement of positioning precision.At the same time,this method is simple and practical and has a wide application prospect.


Research on simulation is still a developing field in nursing and simulation-based learning is gaining momentum with its application over the past two decades in nursing education. Simulation is utilized as a method of training, by helping the learners for competent practice and to improve patient safety, but not much evidence is available for its application in pediatric nursing education.This study aimed to (1) describe the application of simulation in teaching pediatric nursing education and (2) explore the evidence for its application in developing clinical competencies and skills in nursing students taking pediatric courses.A literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Science Direct & ProQuest for the relevant articles available on the internet. Descriptive, experimental, and systematic reviews concerning simulation in pediatric nursing were included.Mixed results were cited in studies about imparting the knowledge concerning the applicability of simulation in pediatric nursing courses. Available evidence shows that simulation can improve the competency of students in clinical practice and in improving patient care outcomes and communication skills. There is a paucity of studies about the applicability of simulation in pediatric nursing education. Simulation is found to be a useful strategy in providing a near-to-real experience for the students to practice high-risk, rare procedural skills in pediatric nursing education. However, further, evidence is required to replace clinical practice experience with simulation, for sustained improvement in patient care outcomes, and in critical thinking and knowledge retention in nursing students.


In this project, an atypical resistance rotor of a vertical axis rotor as a small wind energy turbine is to be aerodynamically investigated and optimised in a flow simulation. In this report the results obtained from the flow simulations of the single and two rotor setup, as well as the results from the flow simulations of a single blade, are presented. The geometry of the rotor and blades is the base geometry for further optimisation. All simulations are performed with one specific tip speed ratio. The base geometry for slat and baffle can be calculated based on experience gained in previous studies. It was found in previous experiments that a rotor with 42% overlap (area that occupies the wings of the total circumference) is always started.  Those experiments have also shown that a rotor with 36.5 % overlap has a higher power coefficient at low wind speeds, at higher wind speeds, the rotor with 42 % overlap has a better power coefficient. Based on those first investigations the optimisation of the blade and rotor geometry will be carried out later in this project.


We investigate the polarization parameters in low-energy antiproton-proton elastic ((p) over barp -> (p) over barp) and charge-exchange ((p) over barp -> (n) over barn) scattering. The predictions for unmeasured observables are based on our new energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of all antiproton-proton scattering data below 925 MeV/c antiproton laboratory momentum, which gives an optimal description of the existing database. Sizable and remarkable spin effects are observed, in particular for charge-exchange scattering. These result from the spin dependence of the long- and medium-range one- and two-pion exchange antinucleon-nucleon potential and the state dependence of the parametrized short-range interaction. We study the possibility of polarizing a circulating antiproton beam with a polarized proton target by exploiting the spin dependence of the (p) over barp total cross section. It appears feasible to achieve a significant transverse polarization of an antiproton beam within a reasonable time.


The present invention provides a method of controlling conditions extender comprising a, will increase the range-corrected real conditions for a stable condition in the extender, a stable condition in real time; B, will increase the overall power requirements for the drive of which corresponds to a stable condition of the extender to give the target steady working; C, comparing the real-time conditions and the target steady stable condition, both have the same overall control flow is ended, otherwise, step d; d, controlling real steady working end of the entire control flow after the conversion target steady working. The extender condition control method, to achieve the conversion between different extender stable working conditions, ensure the normal operation of the electric vehicle by the program.


SUMMARY

Ten lines of Javesella pellucida transmitted European wheat striate mosaic (EWSM) from diseased plants with an average efficiency of 31% compared to 10% efficiency for eleven lines of J. dubia. The effect on J. pellucida of EWSM, acquired through feeding on diseased plants by first and second instar nymphs, was studied in two outbred lines of hoppers. Three categories were compared: hoppers that fed on diseased plants for 7 days and became infective, hoppers that fed similarly but did not become infective, and control hoppers never fed on diseased plants and which were non-infective. No statistically significant variation was found between these three categories in survival of nymphs to adulthood, adult longevity of either sex, total, and rate of, egg production per female, or survival of eggs to eclosion. Transovarial transmission of EWSM occurred in 6 to 43% of the progenies of infective females of J. pellucida.


Imre Lakatos argued that a theory of scientific method must be empirical, and therefore self-applicable; the standards it imposes on scientific theories must be ones it satisfies itself. But in relying on this standard of self-referential consistency to protect his theory from criticism, Lakatos becomes vulnerable to relativism. He escapes by hypothesizing that scientific changes which are methodologically progressive according to his theory are also progressive epistemically. The question is whether his theory of method has the resources to warrant this hypothesis. I construct a line of argument logically open to him, and use its inevitable failure to show that his epistemic aspirations depend on precepts of method that he has wrongly rejected.


The access to information means power. The organizations must learn continuously, must innovate in order to face the increasing competition. Today, the successful company is a learning organization. The dissemination of knowledge is a critical factor for the learning organization. The companies have created systems to ensure proper learning and smooth transfer of information. In this paper I showed which systems organizations are using in order to create, to manage and to disseminate the knowledge. I showed that the organizational structure is adapting to the learning organization; also the technology is a factor that stimulates the organizations to innovate. The ability of the companies to administrate the technological progress is hindered by the capability of the companies to capture and to control the tacit knowledge.


A cross capacitor is a calculable one whose capacitance is ideally determinable from one length measurement of its electrodes. In the Electrotechnical Laboratory of Japan (ETL), a horizontal cross capacitor was constructed. In this model, ease of checking alignment of the horizontal electrode bars, and a simple driving mechanism to move the guard electrode, were emphasized. Because the movable guard electrode rests on, and is guided by, the horizontal electrode bars no special supporting mechanism is necessary. The displacement, which defines the length of the capacitor, is observed by interference fringes using a Hg198 source. The sensitivity obtained for electrical measurement is better than 0.01 aF and for length measurement better than 1/30 fringe. The errors of this capacitor are examined in detail and confirmed by experimental tests. The absolute capacitance was determined as 0.1 pF with an accuracy better than 1 ppm.


INTRODUCTION: Adaptiveness fosters resilience through increasing capacity to transcend barriers in individuals, their environment and occupational engagement. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown may have decreased adaptiveness in older adults by disrupting occupational engagement, thus negatively influencing health and well-being METHODS: A qualitative, meta-analytic design was used to explore the adaptiveness of older adults to disruptions experienced during South Africa's COVID-19 lockdown. Four student researchers' primary studies were reviewed and findings synthesised for this paper. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants during April and May 2020. The transcripts were analysed thematically and reported in the primary studies. The authors conducted thematic analysis across all four primary studies to develop themes for this paper FINDINGS: Three dominant themes emerged: (1) COVID-19 as an illness, (2) occupational disruptions experienced by older adults, and (3) developing a state of adaptiveness. Older adults developed adaptiveness through changing perspective, adapting to new environments, learning to use technology, expanding roles and routines, and strengthening the spiritual self through engagement in eudemonic occupations CONCLUSIONS: The study provides insights into challenges and adaptiveness of older adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. Findings inform interventions with older adults presenting with reduced adaptiveness Implications for practice This study is valuable as it provides occupational therapists with a deeper understanding of older adults' experiences and challenges during the COVID-19 lockdown, thus, laying the potential for strengthening client-therapist interpersonal relationships. Although the sample observed in this study was older adults, the findings can be considered among other vulnerable clients such as individuals with disease, illness and/or disability. Additionally, these findings may provide occupational therapists with insights that can assist in framing intervention strategies for clients with a decreased state of adaptiveness. This is significant as adaptation requires reasonable social, emotional, and cognitive processes. Lastly, this study aimed to contribute to a wealth of research exploring adaptiveness, rooted in the reality that change is inexorable; however, how we respond to change can be transformative for individual and population well-being.


David Hume's (1955 ) analysis of how a change in the quantity of money can have a temporary effect on real income has been variously interpreted and misinterpreted for over two hundred years. A possible reason for some misinterpretation is Hume's archaic use of the term "labor." With the correct interpretation, which is consistent with Hume's other theories and in particular his theory ofthe interest rate, the reason for the temporary effect on real income is that prices lag behind money wages, and a rise in real wages leads to an increased supply of effort. Copyright 1987 by University of Chicago Press.


This report explores the latest advances in the field of digital document recognition. With the focus on printed document imagery, we discuss the major developments in optical character recognition (OCR) and document image enhancement/restoration in application to Latin and non-Latin scripts. In addition, we review and discuss the available technologies for hand-written document recognition. In this report, we also provide some company-accumulated benchmark results on available OCR engines.


Android has many security flaws that are being exploited by malicious developers. Common malware includes many different kinds of behaviors; from complicated root exploits -- to simple private data leakage via explicit permissions. The security features that have been put in place by the Android developers have proven to be insufficient and incapable of preventing malware from proliferating through official and unofficial repositories. Private data leakage has become a popular topic because of the sheer number of applications that request the various permissions to access mobile device's private data and an influx of general privacy concerns amongst the Android community.


Mobile communication technological advancements have produced
powerful portable computers. This, as well as advances in wireless
communication technologies, has paved the way for new discoveries in tlle
~
information technology (IT) industry. lVlobile databases are one of them.
Researchers are working on making the desktop computer come alive on
portable media devices. This project is an attempt to intToduce this concept.
It examines the functions of a mobile datab3se, requirements for a good one
and looks at a few of them currently in the market. Then it goes further to
implement a mobile database for customer information management.


India accounts for 33 per cent of the world area and 22 per cent of the world production of pulses. Green gram (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek.) is the third important pulse crop in India after chick pea and red gram. It is grown in about 36 lakh hectares with the total production of about 17 lakh tonnes with a productivity of about 500 kg per hectare. The reasons for low productivity include non adoption of improved varieties and unawareness of recommended crop production and protection technologies. The extent of adoption of improved agricultural technologies is a crucial aspect under innovation diffusion process and is most important for enhancing vertical agricultural production. Keeping this in view, frontline demonstrations on green gram were conducted at 20 locations in Chodavaram block of Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, with an objective to demonstrate the high yielding varieties (HYVs) and latest improved technologies to the farmers. The demonstrations included adoption of HYVs (WGG-42 and IPM-2-14), seed treatment, integrated nutrient management and timely plant protection in comparison to farmers practice. The incidence of Yellow vein mosaic was 0-5 per cent in improved varieties compared to 20-25 per cent in local variety. Both the varieties, WGG-42 and IPM-2-14 recorded 5.3 quintals per ha and 5.8 quintals per hectare, which was much higher than the local variety cultivated by farmer (3.8-4.0 q/ha). The cost economics also reflected the superiority of ICM practices which registered BC ratio of 3.53-3.56 when compared to farmers practice (2.76-3.10).


A cognitive approach to understanding mood swings and bipolar disorders is provided, with the interpretation of changes in internal state as a central explanatory factor. The model explains how attempts at affect regulation are disturbed through the multiple and conflicting extreme personal meanings that are given to internal states. They prompt exaggerated efforts to enhance or exert control over internal states, which paradoxically provoke further internal state changes, thereby feeding into a vicious cycle that can maintain or exacerbate symptoms. Counterproductive attempts at control are classified as either ascent behaviours (increasing activation), or descent behaviours (decreasing activation). It is suggested that appraisals of extreme personal meaning are influenced by specific sets of beliefs about affect and its regulation, and about the self and relations with others, leading to an interaction that raises vulnerability to relapse. Pertinent literature is reviewed and found to be compatible with such a model. The clinical implications are discussed and compared to existing interventions.


The usual description in basic electromagnetic theory of the linear and angular momenta of light is centred upon the identification of Poynting's vector as the linear momentum density and its cross product with position, or azimuthal component, as the angular momentum density. This seemingly reasonable approach brings with it peculiarities, however, in particular with regards to the separation of angular momentum into orbital and spin contributions, which has sometimes been regarded as contrived. In the present paper, we observe that densities are not unique, which leads us to ask whether the usual description is, in fact, the most natural choice. To answer this, we adopt a fundamental rather than heuristic approach by first identifying appropriate symmetries of Maxwell's equations and subsequently applying Noether's theorem to obtain associated conservation laws. We do not arrive at the usual description. Rather, an equally acceptable one in which the relationship between linear and angular momenta is nevertheless more subtle and in which orbital and spin contributions emerge separately and with transparent forms.


The present study investigated batch kinetics and the batch equilibrium of manganese removal from acid mine drainage (AMD) using bone char as an adsorbent. Equilibrium tests revealed that the Langmuir-based maximum manganese uptake capacity was 22 mg g-1 for AMD effluents and 20 mg g-1 for laboratory solutions at a pH ranging from 5.5 to 5.7. The pseudo-second order model best described the manganese kinetics within bone char. Manganese removal was mainly influenced by the operating variables of the solid/liquid ratio and the pH of the aqueous phase. In fact, metal uptake was favored at nearly neutral pH values. The effect of particle size and temperature proved to be insignificant for the investigated operating range. This work also evaluated the mechanism for manganese removal using bone char. Results showed that intraparticle diffusion is the main rate-limiting step; however, additional contributions from boundary layer diffusion may well affect this removal when particles of smaller sizes are used. The final concentration of fluoride and other metals present in the AMD effluent was in agreement with the concentration limit set forth by Brazilian legislation. The present study demonstrated that bone char is a suitable material to be used for the removal of manganese from AMD effluents.


Soil has diverse and important functions for terrestrial ecosystems and environment: it is the principal resource supplier for vegetal, mechanical support, habitat for a big diversity either microorganisms (bacteria, actinomicetes, archeas, fungi, Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Cárdenas-Manríquez M., Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Av. Tecnológico y García Cubas, s/n., C.P. 38010. Celaya Guanajuato, México. E-mail: email@example.com Cárdenas-Manríquez M. et al. 136 algae, protozoan and virus), as well as microorganisms (coleopteran, ants, nematodes, larvae, small mammalians and reptiles); it is the place were most of biogeochemical terrestrial cycles take place (organic matter mineralization, nitrogen fixing, methane oxidation, among many other processes). Due the great biotic soil diversity, very complex interactions among organisms take place and all together with aquatic ecosystems, represents the basis of life in this planet. Soil formation process begins with the temporization of rock and follows a very slow growth rate; however it can be destroy in some hours (principally due to wind and rain action, as well as anthropogenic activities). Among organic matter components are included vegetal and animal wastes, diverse microbial metabolism products and material of cellular decomposition. Nowadays there is a great environmental and economic necessity to understand the role and destiny of nitrogen into the different ecosystems. Nitrogen exists in soils in different forms and it is easily interconvert; Nitrogen transformation pathways in and out the edafologic environment is known as Nitrogen cycle. Those pathways are strongly influenced by biological activity and at the same time biological processes are strongly influenced by weather conditions and physicochemical soil characteristics. In some extreme environments such physicochemical characteristics as high electric conductivity and salinity are limiting factors for the optimal biological processes improvement, but, by other hand, some extremophile microorganisms are able to adapt to this conditions and growth efficiently. The understanding the diversity of such microorganism and the Nitrogen dynamic will allow to propose most competent remediation approaches for deforested and exhausted agricultural soils. In the former lake Texcoco soils, we have founded a nitrate reduction that immobilized nitrogen and make it less available for vegetal, and therefore a limiting factor for soil rehabilitation and reforestation. By other hand, soil microbial community is an important component of the soil organic matter; it contains proximately 1-3% of total soil Carbon and 5% of total soil Nitrogen. Its presence and activity strongly impacts on soil health and fertility, biogeochemical cycles, decomposition of natural organic debris, structural formation and physical aggregated stabilization. In addition, physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics and the presence of plants strongly influence the composition and activity of soil microbial populations. Due its importance, biomass determination in extreme soils its necessary to better understand its biological process in order to propose a sustainable manage of those land extensions and avoid deforestation. In this chapter, we will comment the importance of soil health for agricultural practices, in terms of nitrogen cycle and soil microbial biomass activity and diversity as a mean to improve better rehabilitation strategies for deforested, extreme and saline agriculture soils. Microbial ecology 137


The acoustic emission (AE) method is a statistical and theoretical 'soundness' evaluation method by detecting elastic wave occurred from defects such as cracks of material, which has large possibility as a non-destructive inspection for the soundness evaluation of concrete structures. However, application of AE technique (AET) to the actual bridge maintenance business is yet rare even now. In this study, AE monitoring under the in-service traffic load and AE measurements under the on-site loading test using large heavy vehicles were carried out, because the opportunity of tentative adoption of AET was obtained in practical soundness investigation of a 45 years old reinforced concrete road bridge, and the basic consideration on the practical application of AET to the maintenance business was carried out. For the covering abstract see ITRD E122906.


Management of personnel files is an important integral part of personnel management.Personnel file is an important basis of talent management and use.It is one of the basic conditions to promote sustainable development of the university.University personnel file workers need more in-depth thinking and research on how to better improve the archival work,and fully perform their functions,serve personnel work of the college.