Parergon 25.2 (2008) first person to coin the term anno Domini to date political and institutional history, thus linking the incarnation with political time, Bede's work is important to Davis. She follows Bede with a postcolonial work by Amitav Ghosh, subtly highlighting the benefit postcolonialists and medievalists would gain from working together. Davis sees Bede's work as evidence of a plurality of the Middle Ages rather than a single, medieval concept. This again undermines the strict medieval/modern divide. Ghosh's text emphasises the limitations of periodisation and is juxtaposed with Bede's text in order for Davis to examine time and politics as smaller parts rather than as the sum of periodisation. Rather than offering any hard-and-fast conclusions, Chapter 4 is more about Davis's suggestions for further discussion around the political theory of time. This is an interesting work that makes a valuable contribution to both postcolonial and medieval studies, and suggests scholars avoid using the terms feudalism, sovereignty and secularisation as simplistic temporal markers of history. Michelle Smith Department of History University of Auckland


The current rush ofconversion activity among nonprofit health care organizations has heightened the need for regulatory oversight and public participationin the conversion process. Once changes are approved, there is little, if any, ability to turn back the clock. The review of these transactions is, for the vast majority of regulators, something new, that raises questions and concerns that they have not had to confront in the past. Some regulators have refused to open up the review of conversion transactions to the public. However, without public scrutiny, a nonprofit's charitable assets are at greater risk and may not be preserved for the local community orforthe largerpublic, andthe profitmaking pressures of the transaction may take precedence. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the public's interests and assets can be preservedasconversionsproceed.Anonprofit organization is considered to have converted to for-profit status if itrestructuresorsells all or substantially all of its assets to a for-profit company orcontributes allorsubstantiallyall of its assets to a new partnership with a forprofitentity. 1


1.1 Physical, social and intellectual development and characteristics of students Lead colleagues to select and develop teaching strategies to improve student learning using knowledge of the physical, social and intellectual development and characteristics of students. 2.1 Content and teaching strategies of the teaching area Lead initiatives within the school to evaluate and improve knowledge of content and teaching strategies and demonstrate exemplary teaching of subjects using effective, research-based learning and teaching programs. 3.1 Establish challenging learning goals Demonstrate exemplary practice and high expectations and lead colleagues to encourage students to pursue challenging goals in all aspects of their education. 4.1 Support student participation Demonstrate and lead by example the development of productive and inclusive learning environments across the school by reviewing inclusive strategies and exploring new approaches to engage and support all students. 5.1 Assess student learning Evaluate school assessment policies and strategies to support colleagues with: using assessment data to diagnose learning needs, complying with curriculum, system and/or school assessment requirements and using a range of assessment strategies. 6.1 Identify and plan professional learning needs Use comprehensive knowledge of the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers to plan and lead the development of professional learning policies and programs that address the professional learning needs of colleagues and pre-service teachers. 7.1 Meet professional ethics and responsibilities Model exemplary ethical behaviour and exercise informed judgements in all professional dealings with students, colleagues and the community.


The three-dimensional structure of a complex of cinnamycin, a 19-amino acid residue immunopotentiator peptide, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine was determined by 1H-NMR. The complex was cylindrical in shape, 11 A in diameter and 26 A in length, excluding the acyl chain of the phospholipid. The peptide had a hydrophobic pocket surrounded by residues Phe-7 through Ala(S)-14 to bind to the head group of the ligand. Fitting of the head group to the hydrophobic pocket was so good that other than a glycerophosphoethanolamine head group would be unable to fit the pocket. The goodness of the fitting is compatible with the strict specificity of ligand binding of the peptide.


This short note presents a summary of the articles arXiv:1408.5357, arXiv:1412.5939, arXiv:1603.06796, arXiv:1606.01018, arXiv:1606.08148 that were done in collaboration with N. CRAMPE, M. EVANS, C. FINN, K. MALLICK and M. VANICAT. It presents an approach to the matrix ansatz of out-of-equilibrium systems with boundaries, within the framework of integrable systems.


Based on the Internet of Things technology, taking full account of fire situation, weather conditions, surrounding environment, as well as firefighting effects and other impacts on embedded scalable fire rescue equipment, and then make the design of fire monitoring information transmission system. Constructing the sensor network lines, using GPRS technology to realize remote transmission of information and timely transfer fire monitoring information to remote monitoring center, with location information of the flame being passed to the gun by the action of PLC and GPRS,so as to choose the better firefighting method. In the design, manual control panel and automatic control panel work together to improve the efficiency of firefighting equipment, reducing the probability of failure due to the equipment failure.


The article considers the essence of the food system, as a system of interconnected elements that interact in a certain way with the external environment and with each other and aim to provide people with food products. Food system issues include the governance and economics of food production, its sustainability, the extent to which we waste food, how food production affects the natural environment and the impact of food on human and population health. The full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation forced a different approach to the formation of food security in the country, its regions and communities. The impossibility of cultivating a large part of agricultural land, interrupted traditional supply chains, rising prices of products, changes in the population of communities, and therefore in food needs, the impact of blackouts on production enterprises, the destruction of processing and storage infrastructure exacerbated the issue of sustainable food supply. The issue of ensuring the sustainable functioning of the food system in the conditions of the challenges of wartime is becoming more and more relevant in the national system of sustainability, which aims to guarantee the safety and continuity of the functioning of the main spheres of life of society and the state before, during and after the onset of a crisis situation. The main measures to ensure the sustainability of the food system of communities have been formed, in particular: ensuring the efficiency of the functioning of producers of agricultural products that carry out their activities on community lands, creating a system of primary and advanced processing of agricultural products capable of satisfying the demand of the community in the form of ready-made food products or semi-finished products, ensuring an effective storage system for agricultural products, ready-made food products and semi-finished products, ensuring an uninterrupted system of supplying food products to the population, personnel support for agricultural production.


Thermophilous oak forests are among the most diverse forest communities in Europe, and they are important both from a phytosociological and a conservation perspective. In Hungary, they occupy large areas, including the south-facing slopes of karst mountains. Although detailed studies are available from some regions, there has been no in-depth analysis of the thermophilous forests of the Villány Mountains, the southernmost mountain region in Hungary. The aim of this study is to fill this


Is employee morale affecting customer satisfaction and therefore the bottom line? This paper describes a piece of exploratory research carried out in the business‐tobusiness (B2B) sector in the UK to determine whether employee satisfaction does ultimately affect profits. There is a great deal of literature that supports this argument. The results of the research, however, actually indicated an inverse relationship in one industry in particular. The focus industries were technology, processing and business banking. This correlates with a recent similar study in the retail industry. The results showed that morale can be very low, yet employees work hard in order to keep their customers loyal and to maximise company profits. This is despite fear of redundancy, high workloads and long hours.


The impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on social capital have attracted much scholarly attentions for years; meanwhile, only a small number of research adopting regional communities as analyzing units have appeared in the literature. In the present article, the entire Kobe-city, one of the major cities in Japan, was exhaustively and mutually exclusively divided into 170 elementary school districts, and their regional properties were estimated by using the results of Japanese census, population statistics, and large-scale citizen-surveys conducted by the municipal government since 2005. These properties were then analyzed to examine the impact of the regional Internet usage on social capital. Regional internet usage rates did not have a statistically significant relationship with averaged sizes of residents' neighborhood networks, but they were negatively related to averaged scores of regional community engagement. On the basis of the analyses, implications of the relationships between Internet usage and regional social capital were discussed.


Registered doctors working in various hospitals as one significant measure of New System of Organization Reform of Medicine Hygiene has been conducted in many units which have been selected for experiments in reform in our country.We have a questionnaire survey about this measure,whose results as:although many patients acknowledge little about this measure,most of them approve it.Besides,they show opinions on advantages and disadvantages of it and hope it can be conducted in good control.


This paper presents an algorithmic composition technique derived from Markov chain modeling, which may be used for efficiently describing musical knowledge, providing means of hierarchical structuring and context expressing by linguistic formalisms. 1 STOCHASTIC MUSIC SYSTEMS What does it mean to compose music? This is an essential question, since its answer can lead to more interesting systems of automated composition. Composing is a creative attitude, in which something new is created, by a specific intention of a composer, who is motivated by aesthetic or expressive needs. Such a composing act can be thought as some organization of the sonorous material. Therefore, some sort of musical semantics is associated to an ordering imposed to musical sounds by the composer in a procedure that is just the opposite of chaos, which in sound terms may be identified to noise . From the previous definition, one must find paradoxical using computers in music composition, since these devices cannot make any creative decisions, so, it is impossible for them to perform innovative creation and they have no means of expression and are not able to manifest any kind of aesthetic reactions to anything. Although true creation is actually impossible to computers, since they are guided by machine programs that define a priori what will be their behavior, an interesting alternative would be found by relying on unpredictable results, that is, those related to stochastic processes. In such processes, a kind of creative phenomenon would be associated to the production of something new, in the sense of unexpected . Following this idea, one may argue that the almost unpredictable results produced by such systems are more related to noise or chaos than to music itself. Although that is true for completely random systems, one may impose organization rules into this stochastic system in order to obtain some musical structure that a human listener would interpret as music. How can music be properly represented in computer systems? A better question is: how would musical knowledge for composing be properly represented in such systems? Considering the very nature of computing systems, it seems we should treat music as some kind of language. That subject is usually controversial, but it seems clear that using syntactic structures may be very useful as a mental model for describing musical structure. Therefore, gram m ars are pointed to be valuable for representing musical knowledge in a computer, and they constitute a very practical user interface as well. The present work is intended to be part of a musical meta instrument, which has the objective to work in music therapy applications, not only in contemporary music performances. In such applications, music perception and response from the performer is the most important requirement. Therefore, our starting point relies on three principles: emulating musical creativity by means of random choice; representing musical knowledge and musical structure by means of syntactic structures, like grammars; and realtime performance, allowing the presence of human performers who should interfere in composing decisions. 2 MARKOV CHAINS AND LANGUAGES Looking at computer music history, we will find the early experiences in algorithmic composition at Hiller Isaacson's Illiac Suite [1]. In that work, stochastic paradigms were used for choosing compositional parameters, and musical structuring (or noise filtering) is represented by a transition state matrix or a Markov network. A Markov chain is a nondeterministic state machine, where the probability of the system being at some particular state depends only on its previous state and on the probability of a transition between those states. This could be described by a state transition table. Such a device turns out to be useful for music composing through the attachment of compositional decisions to their transitions, such as producing musical outputs as a response to the occurrence of some transition. Even though this kind of approach obtained very poor musical results, our interest in Markov chains rely on the fact that we can establish connections between them and the logical concept of language. In fact, the sequences of symbols produced by a series of Markov chain transitions can be proved to belong to some regular language. We may start from a linear grammar for that language, generating a corresponding finite state automaton and then transforming it into a nondeterministic first order state machine by converting its deterministic symbol consuming transitions into probabilistic symbol producing ones by attaching them probabilities of occurrence. The second reason for the interest in Markov chains is the great simplicity shown by such devices, which makes its real time implementa tion and interface very neat. The obvious limitation of this class of algorithms is the fact that first order Markov chains can only produce results equivalent to those of linear grammars. Considering that musical structure happens to be hierarchically organized, or, in other words, that there are usually nested structures in most musical works, we have to choose a less restrictive type of language, namely the context free languages. It is a consensus that even this kind class of languages is not enough for representing music: one may find several examples in which a compositional decision affects future symbol substituting; this fact is related to a specific context allowed by some rules in the grammar. These are context sensitive ones, hardly implemented on computer systems. A quick analysis of compositions made by a first order Markov chain will lead one to the conclusion that the system was only barely able to structure musical material as the composition enlarges, since its organization will be strictly local. The first choice for overcoming this difficulty was using higher order Markov chains, that is, a state transition probabilistic system where the next decision depends not only on the present state, but also on a number of past states. This does not lead to a practical solution since the original simplicity vanishes suddenly as the order of the system rises and the musical result is still poor. The use of higher order Markov chains usually conduces to nonlinear behaviors, like the presence of cycles, and its relationship with formal grammars becoming less immediate. Our problem is then representing probabilistic systems which are able to model hierarchical musical structure (and not only a linear one), trying to find a particular means of introducing musical context sensitive decisions, without discarding the simple idea of Markov networks. 3 ADAPTIVE FORMALISMS FOR MUSIC COMPOSITION The idea behind adaptive schemes is that, although the basic structure of the automata is maintained, it can be self modified in response to the occurrence of a transition. Therefore, an adaptive Markov network is defined by its initial set of states, initial state transition matrix and a set of transition functions , which are invoked whenever the associated transition is executed. Those functions may create or remove states or transitions in the automaton, what means that they are able to dynamically change the graph topology, that is, the algorithm itself. Adaptive formalisms are efficiently employed in compiler construction and natural language processing. Their use in nondeterministic schemes is new, and it showed to be a good contribution to computer music composition. It seems intuitive that such a mechanism is able to attach new processing steps to the original algorithm, associated to decisions that would be taken later in the future . That is, at a moment we may be concerned with choices that had a foundation in the past, what is equivalent of context sensitiveness. This new flexibility is introduced to make it possible to handle more sophisticated types of languages, leaving the original simplicity of the finite automata formalism untouched. We can extend this concept to a set of adaptive state machines, where all state machines may be executed independently, but the set of transition functions can make transformations not only local to a particular machine, but in any of the machines belonging to the set. These relationships between any pair of adaptive Markov chains can be of two types: the first, both state machines interfere with each other, by adapting its own behavior to the other. The second kind of interaction is when one machine controls the other, by imposing restrictions or constraints it must meet; such inter relation is called hierarchical. Presented this way, one may use adaptive sets of probabilistic state machines to make a compositional framework with a much smaller number of states, employing transition functions to change contexts or interacting with another machine at the same level or vertically structured. One composer transcribing musical knowledge to this framework, can treat any isolated detail, modeled through a particular state machine, while having control over the entire structure, expressed by machine interactions. With this idea, we kept simple the model, by making it hierarchically structured and by adding to it the capacity of taking contexts into account. 4 A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE In this example, we report a small experience, in which we generate increasingly complex melodies by imposing successive restrictions to the chosen musical notes. Let's start with a simple eight state nonadaptive Markov chain to create a single melody line. For every transition arriving to each state we associate the generation of a musical note, in the scale of c major. The simpler machine has all transitions allowed between all states, with equal probabilities of occurrence (1/8). Hence, the probabilities of the system being in each of its states are the same, then the generated music will have the notes uniformly distributed among the possible notes. For instance, the syste


Pharmacoeconomics is defined as a description and analysis of the cost and consequences of drug therapy to healthcare systems and society. It is concerned with identifying healthcare therapies that represent an efficient use of scarce resources. Patients are affected by the high prices of medicines. In the era of therapeutic jungle, the prescriber can help the society by using generic names while prescribing. The doctors must be trained in the initial years of learning to develop a habit of prescribing drugs based on safety and efficacy. When the safety and efficacy are comparable, it is furthermore important to consider the cost of drug, and not get allured by the marketing gimmicks of the pharmaceutical companies. Understanding of pharmacoeconomic principles and evaluation methods will help the health care decision makers in reducing the economic burden on patients and society in India where the health care costs are mainly met out of pocket by the patients.


Pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf chlorophyll and pigments syntheses are retarded under nutritional stress. Biochar has the potential to regulate soil nutrient supplies and optimize plant nutrient uptakes. We examine the role of Pongamia pinnata L. waste leaf biochar (PLB) in improving vegetative growth and leaf chlorophyll and accessory pigments of pea exposed to nutritional stress. Three PLB application rates (0, 1, and 2%) crossed with half (HF), and full NPK fertilizer (FF) recommended doses were applied to sandy soil field-pots (arranged in a completely randomized design). There were significant or maximum increases in plant vegetative or physiological traits, including the fresh or dry, above- and below-ground biomass weights, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin) in response to a 2%PLB + FF application (p = 0.002). Trait values also responded to 2%PLB + HF, which signified the nutrient regulatory character of PLB (p = 0.038). The PLB-driven reduction in nutritional stress resulted in diminished lycopene (antioxidant) content (p = 0.041). Therefore, we suggest that the soil application of 2%PLB + FF has the greatest impact on pea vegetative growth and leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin, and lycopene contents in Pisum sativum L. Further research is recommended to investigate the relationship of PLB with soil nutrient availabilities and plant nutrient concentrations.


Sodium nitroprmsid\: h(l~ proved to be II rdiablc and effectivcagcnt for acutely lowering blood pressure in hypertensive cri CS . I,2 Given Ihis agent' profound circulatory eJfcct:;. il i ' poss ible Ihal <l ltcred ~odiLlIl1 and waleI' handling might result with it s lise. We report it patient who uevcloped acute symptomatic hyp natremi;l fo llowing intravenous nitroprlls. ide inrusion 011 two conseclllive occa ions for cOl1l1'ol of accelerated hypcrten -ion .


The formation of the ecological consciousness of the whole nation is becoming important as the increasingly serious ecological crisis has caused wide concern of the public.However,because of interests there is no synchronicity between ecological awareness and ecological consciousness.We must rely on the system to remove the barriers away from the road of the ecological awareness towards the ecological consciousness.The system can regulate and safeguard the behaviour of the subjects such as enterprises,government,the public and the environmental protection administrative departments.So the construction of ecological civilization system and promotion of the ecological consciousness of the whole nation are of great significance to the construction of ecological civilization of China.


To extend our knowledge of the germanium-phosphorus triple bond, the isomerization reactions of singlet XGeP (i.e., XGe≡P → TS → Ge=PX; X = H, Li, BeH, BH 2 , CH 3 , SiH 3 , NH 2 , PH 2 , OH, SH, F, and Cl) were investigated using B3LYP and CCSD(T) calculations. It is found that electronegative and π-electron-donating substituents (X) can stabilize the XGe≡P triply bonded species in a kinetic sense, although germanium is less reluctant to form Ge=P doubly bonded than Ge≡P triply bonded compounds.


For decades, strategic management has analysed the alternative routes to company growth. In present, retailers need to devote more attention to long-term strategic planning to cope effectively with the growing intensity of retail competition as well as shifts in customer needs. The changes in the global retail environment are the result of the emergence of new competitors, formats, technologies, and globalization. The retail strategy indicates how retailers will deal effectively with their environment, customers and competitors. The desire to grow business and increase its value is often a fundamental objective from the very beginning. A very important element in a retail strategy is the retailers approach to building a sustainable competitive advantage by capitalizing the development opportunities. Establishing a competitive advantage means that the retailer, in effect, builds a wall around its position in a retail market, that is, around its present and potential customers and its competitors. When the wall is high, it will be hard for competitors outside the wall (i.e. retailers operating in other markets or entrepreneurs) to enter the market and compete for the retailers target customers.


Background: Cefuroxime-induced toxic maculopathy can occur when an incorrect dilution is injected intracamerally after cataract surgery. This results in a guarded visual prognosis. Cefuroxime-induced toxic maculopathy can also occur sporadically even when the medication dilution is the standard correct dosage. These patients usually recover their vision by the first postoperative week. Case Report: A 72-year-old Caucasian female developed cefuroxime-induced toxic maculopathy after uneventful cataract surgery. Investigation of the case confirmed that she had a sporadic response to the cefuroxime. It was verified that she received the standard correct dilution of cefuroxime intracamerally. The patient showed a significant improvement in her vision by her first postoperative weekly visit. By her last postoperative visit at 7 weeks her best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. Conclusion: Optometrists should be aware of cefuroxime-induced toxic maculopathy and distinguish between sporadic cases and those where the patient received an incorrect medication dilution dosage.


The steroid transformation of hydrocortisone to prednisolone, combining the two techniques of immobilized whole cells and high steroid concentrations, was investigated and found to be a feasible process. Freeze‐dried Corynebacterium simplex cells were immobilized in collagen, tanned with glutaraldehyde, and cast into a membrane. The reaction was studied at hydrocortisone concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mg/ml. The following aspects of the system were examined: (1) the substrate concentration effect upon the reaction; (2) the effect of enzyme concentration; (3) the rate‐concentration relationship; and (4) the product inhibition characteristics of the system. The optimal substrate concentration was found to be 15 mg/ml of a membrane concentration of 80 mg/ml. This reaction attained an 80% conversion in 48 hr. A liner relation was found between the initial reaction rate and membrane concentration. One can thus increase the net production of steroid per unit volume and time by increasing the membrane levels. A physical limit to this increase occurred at membrane concentrations greater than 125 mg/ml. The rate‐concentration relationship was linear when graphed on a Line weaver‐Burk plot: giving a Km′ and Vm′ value of 5.39 mg/ml and 0.556 mg/ml/hr, respectively. When the data were tested for competitive product inhibition, the curves fitted the experimental points fairly well and produced Km′ and Vm′ values of 4.52 mg/ml and 0.566 mg/ml/hr, respectively. Product inhibition experiments showed that the inhibition was not purely competitive. At low substrate concentrations, product inhibited the enzyme; at high substrate concentrations, the enzyme was first stimulated and then depressed by increasing levels of products. This behavior has been analyzed and shown to be possibly a result of the information of a tertiary intermediate produced during the reaction.


The generation of molecules with desired properties has gained tremendous popularity, revolutionizing the way scientists design molecular structures and providing valuable support for chemical and drug design. However, despite the potential of language models in molecule generation, they face numerous challenges such as the generation of syntactically or chemically flawed molecules, narrow domain focus, and limitations in creating diverse and directionally feasible molecules due to a dearth of annotated data or external molecular databases. To tackle these challenges, we introduce MolGen, a pre-trained molecular language model tailored specifically for molecule generation. Through the reconstruction of over 100 million molecular SELFIES, MolGen internalizes profound structural and grammatical insights. This is further enhanced by domain-agnostic molecular prefix tuning, fostering robust knowledge transfer across diverse domains. Importantly, our self-feedback paradigm steers the model away from ``molecular hallucinations'', ensuring alignment between the model's estimated probabilities and real-world chemical preferences. Extensive experiments on well-known benchmarks underscore MolGen's optimization capabilities in properties such as penalized logP, QED, and molecular docking. Additional analyses affirm its proficiency in accurately capturing molecule distributions, discerning intricate structural patterns, and efficiently exploring the chemical space. Code is available at https://github.com/zjunlp/MolGen.


Abstract : The unsteady characteristics of a vortex pair formed behind a delta wing airfoil at a negative angle of attack have been studied experimentally in a large towing tank with a stable density stratification. Measurements of the vortex pair's upward migration and visualizations of the vortex circulation were made using the hydrogen bubble technique with a laser sheet illumination in the transverse plane. Axial visualizations of the vortex migration and axial velocities at the vortex core were made using the hydrogen bubble technique with a diffuse light source. The effects of the rising vortices and their circulation on the free surface temperature field was recorded using an imaging infrared radiometer mounted over the free surface. (JHD)


The present invention provides a washing machine and a balancer thereof. The washing machine includes a rotating tub arranged to be rotatable about a shaft. A first mass member is mounted to the rotating tub so as not to be moved relative to the rotating tub in a circumferential direction of the rotating tub. The first mass member serves to apply load imbalance to the rotating tub upon rotation of the rotating tub. Also, a second mass member is arranged to be movable in the circumferential direction of the rotating tub. The second mass member serves to compensate for load imbalance of the rotating tub upon rotation of the rotating tub.


Online Satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty, and The Impact of Offline Parent Brand in Magazine - brand, branding, parent brand, brand extension, customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty.


Due to the complexity of modern technological exchanges, the need of the security of the image remains till now a challenging problems. In this paper, we present a new encryption scheme based on a non-classical aspect of the elliptic curve cryptography and the Ramanujan graph to encrypt JPEG compressed image. Our algorithm operates on the hardness to predict the exact walk of the Pizer graph formed by the elliptic curve isogenies. The proposed approach has been compared with classical protocols.


This article is an updating of the ESP survey written by Professor Peter Strevens for Language Teaching and Linguistics: Abstracts, Vol. 10, No. 3 of July 1977. The account given there of ESP's definitions, antecedents, theoretical bases and methodology has not been rendered obsolete by the passage of six years, and it remains a definitive statement. What is new in the present article refers to output and events since 1977, and also, with a greater or lesser degree of tentativeness, to the development of trends – especially those which may indicate that ESP is moving into a pre-final phase, or which hint at new directions for research and development. This article also owes a considerable debt to other overviews of ESP that have appeared since 1977, and particularly to the work of Pauline C. Robinson (1980), of the University of Reading's Centre for Applied Language Studies.


Ketogenic diets are high-fat, low-carbohydrate, moderate protein diets used as a treatment option for drug-resistant epilepsy. These diets are the treatment of choice for rare, neurometabolic disorders, such as glucose transport type 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, and are effective in reducing seizure frequency in approximately 40% of patients with epilepsy. In a ketogenic diet, circulating ketone bodies increase the acidic milieu of the body and thus, the risk of metabolic acidosis, with the potential consequences of nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and bone mineral density loss. Oral citrate supplementation may be given to individuals on ketogenic diet therapy as an alkalizing agent to treat metabolic acidosis and also prophylactically, particularly when used alongside concomitant carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topiramate, zonisamide, or acetazolamide). These can independently increase the risk of nephrolithiasis and, potentially, worsen pre-existing metabolic acidosis. Bjurulf et al. present findings that none of 22 individuals following a ketogenic diet for epilepsy and receiving potassium citrate supplementation developed uncompensated metabolic acidosis, including clinical symptoms, compared to 10 out of 29 individuals who received no supplementation. Potassium citrate supplementation did not affect serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations or 7-month efficacy rates. This study adds to the body of literature showing the effectiveness of prophylactic potassium citrate supplementation in preventing nephrolithiasis in individuals taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or other antiseizure drugs. It also provides reassurance that supplementation does not affect ketogenic diet efficacy. The authors rightly highlight that a higher median age at diet initiation in the group receiving supplementation compared to the nonsupplemented group could have influenced results, potentially due to different ketogenic ratios and acidic load per unit of body weight. However, the proportion of patients taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors should have been stated and controlled for in the analyses. Whether citrate supplementation should be used for everybody commencing a ketogenic diet, just for those at increased risk of metabolic acidosis or related complications, or solely to treat ketogenic diet-related adverse events, requires clarification. International best practice guidelines state that oral citrates help prevent renal stone formation, but give no other specific recommendations. Current practice depends on centre-specific clinical protocols. The long-term effects of chronic, low-grade pH reduction associated with ketogenic diet therapy are largely unknown, as are the long-term effects of citrate supplementation. It is of interest to know whether prophylactic supplementation effects long-term efficacy rates, particularly within specific phenotypic subgroups. This knowledge would provide further insight into the mechanisms of action of ketogenic diets. Bjurulf et al. present interesting findings and, although not novel nor likely to immediately change clinical practice, we welcome the study as an addition to the collective evidence regarding this controversial issue.


Sadness is a normal emotion that can make life more colorful. Sadness always accompanies loss. When we say goodbye to a loved one, we usually feel sad. The sadness is even deeper if a close relationship has ended or a loved one has died. Sadness also makes us appreciate happiness. When our mood eventually changes from sadness towards happiness, the sense of contrast adds to the enjoyment of the mood. It is common for late adolescents to change their moods or emotions and become overwhelmed by school, peers, and family obstacles. Late adolescents go through phases which can be categorized as "growing pains" and are often taken lightly. This study aims to examine the sources of sadness between male and female of late adolescents in Malaysia. The data was collected from 1021 undergraduates' students in one of the higher education institution in Malaysia. The respondents were asked to complete a set of open-ended question to elicit information on sadness. Data were analyzed using the indigenous psychology approach through categorization, open coding, and axial coding. Through this study, the difference perspectives of sadness between male and female of late adolescents can be identified. Implications of findings will be discussed.


Due to an exponential increase in the number of academic literature resources, difficulty in resource integration and utilization becomes even greater. Especially, aggregation of academic literature resources of different sources, in different formats and at diverse granularities is now confronted with new challenges. At present, industrial users have put forward a requirement of rapidly acquiring high quality information resources. To meet this requirement, we explored a vertical domain oriented information aggregation model. By virtue of this model, it is expected to solve relevant integration and sharing problems such as "Data resources + Instrumental methods + Industrial wisdom + Service decision-making" on one hand, and realize rapid acquisition and effective utilization of information resources in specific domains on the other hand. Now, the model has been successfully applied in China's "Foreign Agriculture Cooperation Public Information Service Platform"; and good results have been achieved.


The UK National Audit Office has found that the NHS is failing stroke patients at all points of the patient's journey from initial emergency treatment through to rehabilitation.

The study found that stroke costs the economy £7bn ($12.1bn; €10.4bn) a year, making it the most expensive illness in the United Kingdom. But by failing to prioritise stroke cases as medical emergencies the NHS was missing out on savings that would result from shorter hospital stays and higher recovery rates, the watchdog found.

The study found that emergency care was lacking throughout the health service—despite the fact that rapid access to specialised services reduces death and disability in …


Adoption of BIM (Building Information Modelling) technology in AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) industry and organisations in past few years has already outgrown to the phase of implementation especially in building and other more or less large-scale projects all around the world. With BIM project teams can use 3D digital models to collaborate, have consistent and more accurate project data regardless how many times the design changes, or who changes it among engineers, architects or building and infrastructure owners. These projects should be sustainable, faster completed and more economical.
The boost for implementation in Europe has begun in 2014 after the European Parliament made a decision to modernize European public procurement rules by recommending the use of electronic tools like BIM. The European Union Public Procurement Directive (EUPPD) set a goal for all the European Member States which may encourage or mandate the use of BIM for publicly funded design contests and building projects by 2016. European countries like Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway and United Kingdom already require the use of BIM for publicly funded building projects.
In this paper emphasis will be taken on adoption of BIM technology in linear construction projects like roads, highways, city streets and other urban area surfaces. There are projects in this sector which are already designed using BIM tools but its technology is not fully utilized in all aspects in 'life-time' of construction. Needed preconditions will be shown for everyday implementation from design and documentation to building and field support, on example of Croatia according to its current laws and regulations.


The latest trends in the field of social networks which emphasize the role of actors characteristics have provided scholars with the avenues to research on social networks from individualistic approaches, integrating an important issue of actor cognition. Responding to the call of the field, this study aims to explore how an actor's centralities in her actual and cognitively perceived social networks interplay and make joint effects on subsequent outcomes such as individual attitude and performance. Drawing upon prior studies on social networks, social capital, and role theory, the authors hypothesized that the congruence between actual and perceived centralities yields significantly better subsequent outcomes than the incongruence between the two. In addition, it was hypothesized that the congruence of both centralities at higher levels results in stronger positive effects on subsequent outcomes than the congruence at lower levels. Lastly, the authors expected that an under-estimator, whose actual centra...


The paper analyzes the fourteen rock glaciers inventoried in the Pyrenees. The genesis, surface morphology, internal structure, surface dynamics and morphostratigraphical characters are analysed according to studies made on different rock glaciers. The Pyrenean rock glaciers are included in two genetic typologies as talus rock glacier with periglacial origin, and debris-glacier rock glacier, of glaciogenetic origin. Both types are related to different surface shapes


To find a replacement for DDT for control of the Douglas-fir tussock moth ground tests of 15 insecticides were conducted between June 21 and July 10′74 on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest in northeastern Oregon. Each material was applied at 3 different rates, following recommendations solicited from the manufacturers. Each dosage tested was replicated on 3 randomly selected pairs of trees 15-25 ft high. Applications were made at a rate equal to 1 gal/acre using a backpack mistblower with a Beecomist Model 150 with wettable powder sleeve which gave a droplet size (VMD) of approximately 100 for oil based and 250 for water based sprays. Spraying took 5 days to complete, on each day 3 pairs of trees were randomly selected from those to be treated and set aside as checks. Population estimates were made at 1 day before spraying and 3 intervals after spraying by sampling 3, 18-inch branches from each tree. Populations were expressed as number of larvae per 1000 in of branch surface. Application was made primarily against first and second instar larvae.


Increasing adolescent fertility and declining age at first sexual intercourse have been accompanied by a transformation in Brazil's religious landscape, signaled by the significant growth of Protestantism, and Pentecostalism in particular. Using data from the 2006 Brazil Demographic Health Survey (PNDS-DHS), we examine the associations between religion, as measured by religious affiliation and religious attendance, and unmarried adolescent sexual initiation in Brazil. Findings reveal that even after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and community variables, unmarried adolescent women's sexual initiation differs across religious affiliation and attendance patterns in Brazil: those who belong to traditional Protestant or Pentecostal churches, as well as those that attend church frequently, are at lower risk of engaging in sexual activity. Together with available ethnographic evidence, the results suggest that Pentecostalism and church attendance may both directly and indirectly shape unmarried adolescent women's sexual decision-making in Brazil. Draft: March 3 rd , 2009 Ana Paula de Andrade Verona The University of Texas at Austin Graduate Student, Department of Sociology Trainee at the Population Research Center email@example.com Mark Regnerus The University of Texas at Austin Assistant Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology email@example.com


For a building under multi-dimensional seismic excitations, a new random vibration analysis based on equivalent excitation method is presented, in which, a new equation of motion of the building is used to depict its dynamics and kinematics features. Since most of the earth shocks are non-stationary random processes, the input power spectral density of the seismic excitations are modulated by a time varying function, and their equivalent excitations are constructed by using continuous wavelet transform, where the continuous wavelet coefficients are calculated by using scales and the evolutionary power spectral density, while the equivalent excitations are constructed by inverse continuous wavelet transform. The random vibration analysis is carried out following the procedures of the equivalent excitation method. A simulation example is given to investigate some affection of the multi-dimensional seismic inputs, especially the rotational one.


By-Pietrofesa. John J. Improvement of Self -Concept: A Vital Factor tn.Career Development. Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Mich Pub Date 68 Note -9p. EDRS Price MF -$0.25 HC -$0.55 Descriptors -Caree-r Choice. IgElemqn.tari School *Sfudents, *Program Descriptions, *Self Concept. *Teacher Education, *Workshops The effectivenes.s of..the.. teacher and the school in helping children to gain a more positive and rea!istic: view of one's self is discu.ssed.,A workshop, attended.by 65 elementary school teachers, and designed to aid in thpir understanding of self concept and to help .theM to.. put this understanding into pr:acticein the classroom is described. The procedural format of each of the. 11 four-hpur programs was (1) a one-hour lecture by a..uniVers4 Consultant, (2) a one-hour ticscussion in small groups 'with school counselors as jeaders, and (3) a two-hour session to develop classroom material to foster self-understanding. Examples of dassroom activities and occurrences resulting .frori) tho program are presented. (PS)


ABSTRACT In recent years, we have witnessed the rise of a contemporary approach to cognitive psychology known as 4E cognition. According to this 'extracranial' view of cognition, the mind is not ensconced in the head, but dynamically intertwined with a host of different entities, social as well as technological. The purpose of the present article is to raise a concern about 4E cognition. The concern is not about whether the mind is in fact extended, but about how this condition is currently portrayed in the 4E literature. It is argued that 4E scholars tend to paint an overly idealized picture of human–technology relations in which all entities are presumed to cooperate and collaborate. The article first describes the basic tenets of extended cognition and distributed cognition, two of the most thingly approaches in this new wave of cognitive psychology. It then proceeds to discuss the twin notions of cognition and representation and argues that it may be time to leave these concepts behind. Finally, it sketches out the so-called 'dogma of harmony' in the 4E literature and argues for the importance of making analytical room for conflictual human–technology relations. Two examples of such conflictual relations are provided: bad habits and deskilling.


It has been stated that an unbalanced data flow cannot be handled by blocking switches such as a barrel shifter. It is not true for a square switch, which has the same number of destination nodes as source nodes. However, if the switch is not square, a simple barrel shifter is not adequate. We have studied the minimal switch configuration for the event builder system in a BELLE experiment in KEK. The performance in the actual experiment was measured.


It is an introduction of the whole course of founding,cause analysis,pertinent test and treatment of turbine blade cracks imported for Xiaolangdi Water Power Station,a brief expression of handling of contract dispute and claim due to the turbine blade cracks and of tactics used.It is also used for reference of others who may handle dispute during a contract of imported mechanical and electrical equipments and post contract dispute treatment.


A great advance has been made in the treatment of endogenous uveitis during the last 20 years. Some forms of uveitis settle down fairly readily, if corticosteroids, phenylbutasone derivates, antibiotics and protein shock therapy are used at the proper time and if the treatment is adequate to the conditions of the disease. It seems, however, that the present therapy does not influence the tendency of some uveal inflammations to proceed in a chronic and recurrent fashion. Mikl6sz for example, using the classical therapy, found in the year 1940 the tendency to recurrences in 43.6 O/O of patients suffering from iridocyclitis. Oksala & Varonen3 in the year 1966, using the modern therapy, observed also 43 O/O of recurrences in iridocyclitis. As a matter of fact it is very difficult to obtain even a very approximative information on contemporary results in the treatment of uveitis. The following observations, regarding the incidence of recurrent uveitis among the patients admitted to ward in the eye clinics and departments, may illustrate to some degree the present state. It is hoped that the methods of investigation employed will be useful to others interested in this problem. Table I demonstrates some interesting facts gained by a "field investigation" among czechoslovac university clinics and eye departments of hospitals. Among the patients hospitalised in the year 1955 (total 48 688 of patients) the rate of uveitis amounted to 6.80/0. Among them there were 73.2"/0 of early, recent cases of uveitis, and 26.8 O / o of recurrent and chronic cases. Eleven years later,


© 2016 Dalhousie University. All rights reserved. Though there are powerful arguments for a unifying, 'monotheistic,' philosophy, we must in practice acknowledge that we have no grand unified theory, in cosmology, ethics, politics or religion.WehavenoideawhattheOnemightbe,andmanywarnings against presuming that we do. Pluralism has political roots, and psychological aspects: better that there are many authorities both in the state and in the human soul. It is even possible that there are many powers, deserving a little the title 'gods,' in a macrocosmic reality: the very attempt to avoid the argument from 'fine tuning,' for example, so multiplies the number of real alternate worlds as to make it almost certain that there are such gods, who might very well have a say in our cosmology, our history and our very selves.


The core of resolving the problems of"agriculture, countryside and farmers"is solving the problem of increasing farmers'income. The income of farmers in Guizhou is relatively low and comes mainly from farming. The main reasons are: irrational agricultural structure, insufficient agricultural input, backward human resource development, lagging behind of management system reforms in the countryside, relatively heavy burden on farmers, and striking dual structure between town and country. Therefore, we should take corresponding measures in terms of industrial restructuring in the countryside, fiscal and financial support, market system construction, industrialization of agriculture, improving farmers' overall quality, and lightening their burden.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a heterophase polypropylene composition with sufficiently high melt flow index, high hardness, acceptable impact properties and a favourable hardness to transparency ratio, a method of producing the polypropylene composition, an article made from the polypropylene composition and use of the polypropylene composition to make films and moulded articles such as thin-wall polymer packaging containers. The polypropylene heterophase composition contains at least a polypropylene homopolymer fraction, a random polypropylene copolymer fraction, two different ethylene polypropylene rubber fractions and an ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction. EFFECT: good impact strength at low temperature and improved fluidity and transparency of the article. 15 cl, 9 tbl, 10 ex


This study examines the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) use and access of low-income people in three developing countries: Colombia, Mexico and Peru. We focus on cross-country differences and similarities in ICTs use across gender, age, education and income, using two composite indicators of ICT. The main similarity across the countries is that education is by far the single most important factor limiting the digitalization of low-income people. The impact of income was low although positive. There is not apparently a gender gap in Colombia and Mexico but one in Peru. Our findings also suggest that when using a composite indicator that only include the 'advanced ICTs', disadvantage people among the low-income people can be more constrained in the use and access of more advanced information and communications technologies.


Abstract The C1–C17 segment of bafilomycin N has been synthesized. The C1–C11 segment was synthesized by the anti-selective vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction with a chiral vinylketene silyl N,O-acetal and the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction, whereas C12–C17 was constructed by the syn-selective vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction and the Jung's semipinacol rearrangement. Those segments were connected by the Stille coupling to afford the C1–C17 segment.


The tautomers I–IV of the marine metabolite 3-amino-1-(2-aminoimidazol-4-yl)prop-1-ene (1) were previously suggested to have rather similar stabilities.1,2 Through a series of DFT and ab initio calculations, their relative stabilities were investigated in both the gas phase and in water, and also compared to their Z-isomers V–VIII. The tautomers I and III have almost identical stability in the gas phase and in water. The Z-isomer VII is more stable than other tautomers in the gas phase and quite competitive with I and III in water. The tautomers II and IV are much less stable and unlikely to coexist in equilibrium with I and III. The calculated pKa of 1-H+ of +10.9 suggests that 1 is fully protonated even under mildly acidic conditions. Protonation decreases the stability difference between the most stable tautomer III and the less stable tautomer IV.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


Transcoding refers to the conversion between two encoding schemes of a digital signal. It is usually performed where two interfaces do not support the same encoding. Transcoding introduces some undesired effects into the signal, the most important of which are distortions and delays. In this paper we give our attention to possibilities of transcoding free operations in a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) network. Tandem Free Operation (TFO) in GSM networks enables transmitting voice transparently trough the core network without transcoding. Although TFO has some advantages, such as improvement in speech quality and reduction of delays, it also has many limitations. Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO) is similar to TFO but is employed in the packet-based core networks, such as UMTS. TrFO overcomes some of the TFO limitations. TrFO reduces bandwidth and voice call costs. It increases network capacity and is more robust than TFO. In a UMTS network, when TrFO is not possible, TFO can still be attempted. Interworking of both mechanisms is necessary for mixed GSM/UMTS networks.


Arguing is a human which has rules. In this article, we examine the fear in the argument using the pragma-dialectical.


Introduction. The issues of federalism theory, history, policy and practices have been the focus both in Russia and abroad over decades. Hundreds of books, thousands of research papers, lots of scientific conferences and seminars seem to have been dedicated to this problem. Yet we are still watching a burgeoning interest in this issue due to the increasing role of federalism in the reality of the modern world. Methods and Materials. The research involves such methods as logical analysis, systematic and comparative legal methods, etc. Research Outcomes. 1. The federal system of Russia, its political stability, sustainable nature of interfederal relations are the true facts, giving rise to necessity for the transition to a new model of federalism, which can prove to be more appropriate in terms of current economic and political environments prevailing in Russia. 2. There is no doubt that the federal system of polity of the Russian Federation is justifed by legal, judicial, political and economic aspects, with no reasonable alternatives. The question is whether the existing principle of national and territorial structural organization of the Russian Federation is appropriate by now. There are persuasive arguments for the priority of the geographical and economic principle over the national and territorial division. 3. The geographical and economic principle priority in the organization of modern Russia does not mean that specifc national and ethnic features of certain regions will be neglected. 4. The geographical and economic principle priority in the organization of the Russian Federation will result in the consolidation of Russian entities and provide them with more extent of economic independence. Discussion and conclusion. It is obvious that from perspective of long-term development of Russia, the development of all Russian entities should be going at the same pace, which is not an easy task in the existing social, political and economic environments. The pace of development demonstrated by Moscow or Saint Petersburg Regions, or Tatarstan cannot be justly compared with those of Ingushetia or Dagestan. Indeed, the developed entities of the Russian Federation cannot endlessly donate to those lacking dynamics in their development. It is crystal clear that the modern day organization of the Russian Federation based on mere national and territorial grounds can hardly promote the equal development and integration of all Russian regions. Cultural and civilizational distinctions of certain entities should not lead to their isolation within one country and lagging behind national development.


The present research aims at investigating the hydrogen diffusion and trapping behavior of API X65 grade linepipe steel under constant load test, which is one of the standard sulfide stress cracking (SSC) evaluation methods. The modified electrochemical hydrogen permeation technique is combined to constant load test. Reproducible hydrogen permeation transients are obtained by carefully controlling the electrochemical surface condition without palladium coating. As the applied load increased, steady state permeability and hydrogen diffusivity decreased, and diffusible hydrogen content increased. These results indicate that more hydrogen has reacted with metallurgical defects in the steel which are sensitive to SSC initiation or propagation.


Finance and accounting system reform affects the economic operations of medical institutions.In this paper,we analyze the path of the inluences and give a framework for further study.Based on economic consequences theory,the path is complicated: finance and accounting system reform firstly affects the Stakeholders'benefit,then accounting policy choices,and finally economic operations of medical institutions.


Use of: a) a transgene encoding one or several epitopes of carcinomas, leukemia or lymphoma, placed under the regulatory desenales control of transcription and expression, b) a sequence containing regulatory signals of retrotranscription, expression and encapsidation of origenretroviral or similar retroviral, c) regions acting central initiation cis (cPPT) and acting termination cis (CTS) that puedenadoptar a three chains after reverse transcription, these regions being of lentiviral origin, in the preparation of a vector .


Summary Serial determinations of the hematocrit and the whole blood, plasma and red cell amino nitrogen concentrations were carried out during prolonged hemorrhage and shock in rats. It was shown that, due to the high concentration of amino nitrogen in the red cell, as compared to the plasma, the whole blood amino nitrogen fluctuates with the hematocrit, while the plasma amino nitrogen more closely reflects the degree of shock. In a large series of rats a rise in plasma amino nitrogen of 1 mg % or more after a 2.5 to 2.7 % hemorrhage was invariably associated with a fatal outcome.


This paper investigates 763 A-share public corporations listed in SHSE,positively analyzes the influencing factors of cash dividend policy from institutional level and technologic level,and explores the ownership structure and the organizational characteristics' effects on dividend policy by logistic regression.The author finds that both the ownership structure and organizational characteristics have significantly positive impacts on dividend policy;the large shareholders have stronger incentive to distribute corporate cash,and force management disgorges free cash flow.The paper's conclusion supports free cash flow hypothesis.


The invention relates to the field of glass processing equipment, in particular to a glass isolation powder processing device, and particularly discloses an automatic glass isolation powder blending device and an automatic powder blending method using the same. The automatic powder blending device comprises a powder storage barrel, a powder blending barrel, a discharging barrel, an external water supply device, a rack and a diaphragm pump. The powder storage barrel is further provided with a stirring supporting plate, a stirring motor, a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The discharging barrel is further provided with a rotating motor, a hollow rotating shaft and rotating blades. The diaphragm pump is communicated with the hollow part of the hollow rotating shaft. By means of the device and method, automatic powder blending and uniform stirring can be achieved, time and labor can be saved, rising dust can be prevented, and the situation that isolation powder absorbs moisture and becomes caked can be prevented; the blending ratio of the glass isolation powder to water is accurately controlled, so that more uniform powder blending is achieved; the powder water level of the powder blending barrel and the discharging barrel is monitored in real time, so that the requirement for continuous production is met, and overflow is prevented; automatic cleaning can be achieved, so that the situation that powder water blocks a pipeline after being dried is prevented.


Introduction Scientific and medical discoveries have made advances in understanding virology, immunology and pathogenesis of HIV infection. These advances have led to the design of effective prevention and treatment strategies of HIV infection in infants, children and adolescents. For instance, antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy, delivering and breast feeding can eliminate mother-to-child transmission. There are challenges associated with ART implementation especially in resource limited settings [1]. Timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected individuals has drastically reduced mortality and prolonged their lives [1]. Furthermore, improved survival and reduced HIV transmission risks by HIV infected individuals has led to decline in HIV incidence and increase HIV prevalence [1]. According to [2] an estimated that 34 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2011. Among these, 330000 were children less than 15 years, 2.5 million new HIV infected people. Vertical HIV transmission from mother-to-child accounts for more than 90% of paediatric AIDS [2-4]. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be the world's most affected region [5,6]. In order to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases, mathematicians have embarked upon studies that investigate the role of treatment functions in epidemiological models. Studies of classical models have revealed that treatment functions are important in decreasing the spread of epidemiological diseases. Hampanda [7] applied theoretical frameworks to understand social barriers to prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Chibaya et al. [8] investigated the effect of vertical transmission and evolution of drug resistance on the dynamics of the disease. Baryarama et al. [3] formulated and analysed an HIV/AIDS model with complacency described by an AIDS population dependent function with inverse relation. It is upon this background that we consider a mathematical model that investigates the role of sigmoidal treatment functions in predicting the burden of vertical transmission. This paper acknowledges various challenges ranging from financial (unaffordable of drugs), organizational (insufficient facilities), (physical) limited access to treatment or resources to social (cultural, decision making processes). The paper is arranged as follows: section (2) describes model formulation, section (3) model analysis; section (4) numerical simulations and concluding remarks are done in section (5). The mathematical Model We consider an epidemic model which incorporates the effects of vertical transmission described by a sigmoidal function. We divide the population into five compartments, namely, Susceptible S, Asymptomatic infectives X, Symptomatic infectives Y, Treated infectives Z and AIDS A following the WHO stages of HIV infection. The susceptible population is replenished by births or recruitment at the rate and through 0 π


Acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may trigger major adverse cardiac events (MACE). We aimed to determine whether the risk of having MACE was transiently increased following the onset of an acute COPD exacerbation.


For the reasons that the genesis and development of human being's diseases are complicated,and many medical researches are not permitted to be applied on human bodies,the kinds of animal models,which are replicable for human diseases,are playing a more and more indispensable role in medical research.The mechanism of spinal cord injury and regeneration is a difficult problem in current neuroscience research.However,the construction and development of the animal model for spinal cord injury provides a powerful support for breakthrough.This review aims at introduce how to choose animals,the means of constructing each kind of spinal cord injury model,the characteristic and the application of each kind of spinal cord injury model.


Thank you for downloading the return of the gods the sacred art of susanne wenger. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this the return of the gods the sacred art of susanne wenger, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


Thermochemically activated aluminum trihydroxide (Al (OH)3) is an important intermediate for ceramics, construction materials, catalysts, etc. Functional properties of materials based on Al (OH)3 depend on its phase composition and porosity. A series of thermochemically activated Al (OH)3 calcined at temperatures from 120 to 800 °C were studied by low-temperature N2 sorption, XRD and thermal analysis. It was shown that transformation of gibbsite to boehmite occurs below 300 °C and is accompanied by increasing of specific surface area and pore volume. Transformation of boehmite to γ-Al2O3 proceeds above 400 °C. The sample calcined at 500 °C was shown to consist of monophase γ-Al2O3 with specific surface area of 206 m2/g and pore volume of 0.55 cm3/g.


The well-established neutrino oscillation phenomenon, which confirms neutrinos have mass and the charged and neutral leptons are mixed, has been widely exploited to investigate the physics of this elusive particle. The complete description of neutrino oscillations, which are dictated by two mass-squared splittings, three mixing angles, and one Dirac CP-violation phase, however, has yet to be reached. The ongoing accelerator-based long-baseline neutrino experiments, T2K and NOvA, are critical in completing this picture. Using data and analyses accessible by summer 2023, T2K favors a leptonic CP violation at more than 90\% C.L. while NOvA shows no preference of this indication. Both experiments weakly opt for the \emph{normal} neutrino mass ordering and higher octant of the $\theta_{23}$ mixing angle.


The utility model discloses a dual differential pressure gas valve, which comprises a housing, two differential pressure devices and two two-way valves, wherein the housing is provided with a first gas pathway and a pipeline; and the first and the second differential pressure devices are respectively provided with two valve assemblies usually kept in the position of blocking the first gas pathway, and are respectively controlled by the first two-way valve and the second two-way valve. When a gas appliance is in the on state, the first valve assembly operates firstly to allow the gas to flow out of the pipeline to ignite a sparkle into a pilot light; when the pilot light is lighted, the second valve assembly operates to allow the gas to flow out of the first gas pathway to ignite the pilot light into a main light; the second two-way valve can also be replaced by a normally open valve and a normally close valve; the second valve assembly with the throttling function can adjust firepower, set temperature, or generate a fire-dance effect for appreciation; and the second two-way valve can also cooperate with a normally close valve to control the opening and the closing of the second valve assembly on one hand and perform the opening and the closing of the second gas pathway on the other hand, so as to supply the gas required for keeping the minimal firepower.


The experiments were conducted to study Pt–Sn/SAPO-34 catalyst utilization for oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light paraffins to olefins. In recent times, the interesting concept of similar catalytic bed usage for direct dehydrogenation (PDH) and ODH has gotten attention. The light-paraffin ODH process was enhanced over the Pt–Sn-based catalyst using SAPO-34 as a support. The catalyst demonstrated promising results for propane and butane dehydrogenation, where the initial feed conversion is about 70 wt % at optimum operating conditions of 2:1 feed/oxygen ratio and 550 °C because of lower carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (COx) formation. A negligible amount of coke formation and a slower deactivation rate was noticed over the proposed catalyst in comparison with the PDH reaction and other ODH processes. Propylene and butene selectivities were obtained above 96 and 90 wt %, respectively. This superior light-olefin selectivity in the ODH reaction was due to superior catalytic control of reaction by pro...


A step by step of method is presented for the design of a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), used in a RFID reader receiving stage operating in the S-band.


It is a fact that futures markets exist in some commodities and not others. Similarly, contingent commodity contracts of the type described by Debreu do not exist for all commodities in all states of the world. Any explanation of this phenomenon must be intimately connected with a theory of what functions these markets serve. The KeynesHicks theory of commodity futures markets is that they provide a mechanism by which risk averse speculators insure other risk averse traders who hold (positive or negative) stocks of a commodity subject to price fluctuation.' We propose a new explanation of the role of futures markets as a place where information is exchanged, and where people who collect and analyse information about future states of the world can earn a return on their investment in information gathering. In particular, it is shown how the private and social incentives for the operation of a futures market depend on how much information spot prices alone can convey from " informed " to " uninformed" traders. (Firms which have information about future states of the world are called "informed ", while firms who do not are called " uninformed ".) In equilibrium, without a futures market, informed firms will use their information about next period's price to make spot market purchases. The commodity purchase is stored in anticipation of a capital gain. Therefore, the trading activity of informed firms in the present spot market makes the spot price a function of their information. Uninformed traders can use the spot price as a statistic which reveals some of the informed traders' information. When the spot price reveals all of the informed traders' information, both types of traders have the same beliefs about next period's price. In this case there will be no incentive to trade based upon differences in beliefs about next period's price. In general the spot price will not reveal all of the informed traders' information because there are many other factors (" noise ") which determine the price along with the informed traders' information. This implies that in equilibrium with only a spot market, informed and uninformed traders will have different beliefs about next period's price. The difference in beliefs creates an incentive for futures trading in addition to the usual hedging incentive. When a futures market is introduced uninformed firms will have the futures price as well as the spot price transmitting the informed firms' information to them. This is the informational role of futures markets. The model has the following testable implications. The degree of predictability of a future spot price from only a current spot price determines the private incentives for futures trading in a commodity which has no futures market. For commodities with futures markets the volume of futures trading is directly related to how poorly current and futures prices predict the future spot price, relative to how well various exogenous variables predict the future spot price. " How well " refers to mean square prediction error conditional on available information, not biasedness of the predictions.


This article explores the methods of management strategies used during the financial restructuring of the company; The factors that affect the level of risk when making restructuring; formulated the essential view, the effectiveness of the financial restructuring of the company; parametric specificity of evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of financial restructuring. Determined that the fundamental diagnostics company according to the following components of economic activity as the liquidity of the company, financial stability (solvency), business activity, profitability. For each group of constituents business enterprises registered conducting appropriate tools diagnosis. The financial restructuring of the company can not be done immediately, suddenly, without a deep and comprehensive preliminary work specialists in various fields on the basis of predefined management strategy and a set of reasonable efforts. Increased interest in financial restructuring is quite natural. Since it is considered by many corporate executives, economists, theorists as an effective means to overcome the crisis. Financial restructuring is not only about companies "remain naplavom" as well as the opportunity to strengthen their market position, strengthen competitive advantage [1-5]. However, during the global financial crisis, along with the increased interest in the financial restructuring was a significant reduction in investment activity, exacerbated the problem of funds (equity and debt) to implement the restructuring.


Water, food and energy (WFE) are strongly interconnected: each depends on the other for a lot of concerns, spanning from guaranteeing access to services, to environmental, social and ethical impact issues, to price relations. Using daily data spanning from November 2001 to May 2013 we empirically analyze the volatility spillovers and the dynamic conditional correlation between the WFE prices using a multivariate GARCH method. We then apply a multifactor market model based on the theory of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) with the aim to analyze the impact of agriculture and energy price trends on the share price value of exchange-listed companies that derive a substantial portion of their revenues from the potable and wastewater industry. Results highlight the existences of a financial nexus between WFE that is particular exacerbate during finance turbulence. Understanding price dynamics is relevant both to water, agriculture and energy policy makers and to investors, since it influences information dissemination, price discovery, efficient allocation of resources, hedging and portfolio optimization.


Three patients with acute pancreatitis were found also to have hyperparathyroidism, two of them also formed pancreatic cysts. There appears to be more than an incidental relationship between the two diseases. The importance of serum calcium estimations in patients with pancreatitis is stressed. Theories as to why these diseases co-exist are reviewed.


Regional policy of the Slovak Republic in the period of transition, Milan Bucek activities supporting regional development in the CSFR, Petr Tomasek an analysis of the urbanization of Slovakia, Andrea Zavracka missing networks and regional development in Europe, Rico Maggi and Peter Nijkamp protecting the environment during regional development, Ladislav Miklos regional development challenges and problems in Central Europe, Ralph Kinnear combining networks to promote integrated regional development, Guiliano Bianchi regional centers and regional policy in northern peripheries, Heikki Jussila regional planning in Germany, Alfred helbig problems of regional development in the USSR under Perestroika, Murat M. Albegov the lowe Angara region - a problem territory of Siberia, Mark K. Bandman and Nadezhda I. Larina regional aspects of structural changes in industry, Ryszard Grabowiecki economic change in emerging market economies - parallels with Pittsburgh's experience, Frank Giarratani the Kos"ice connection, Jim Lotz the Santa Claus industry in northern Finland, Michael Pretes joint ventures in a period of transition to a market economy, Ivan Toldy-Osz decision support and information systems for regional development planning, Kurt Fedra, et al.


Monolithic Multi-Material piezoelectric-electrostrictive (PE-ES) composite actuators were developed by co-sintering of 0.65PMN¿0.35PT and 0.9PMN¿0.1PT. The piezoelectric and electrostrictive ceramic powder were dry pressed into bi-layer disks with 1:1 ratio. The bi-layer composites were co-sintered and then poled. The monolithic bi-layer PE-ES composites (either flat or dome) were used to fabricate cymbal actuator. Experimental results indicate that uncapped bi-layer dome shaped actuators provide strong interface and exhibits peak displacement as high as 14 #m at 10 kV/cm. Cymbal actuators fabricated using such dome bi-layer composite results in amplified-displacement with a peak value of 25 ¿m at 10 kV/cm.


Three silages were produced from the same swards by harvesting grass using either a double-chop harvester (DC) or a precision-chop harvester adjusted to produce a long staple length (PL) or a short staple length (PS). The mean particle lengths were 47, 52 and 14 mm respectively.

Of each material 250 t was ensiled unwilted and with formic acid additive at the mean rate of 2-4 litres t-1 of grass. All three silages were well preserved and degree of chopping had no effect on fermentation as indicated by either pH, ammonia N or organic acid concentration.

The silages were offered ad libitum to seventy-two British Friesian cows with a mean calving date of 28 January which were in their second or later lactation, in a randomized-block experiment from day 8 of lactation until 12 April. In addition twelve animals on each silage received a uniform daily concentrate allowance of 7·2 kg while twelve were offered concentrates according to their individual milk yields but with a mean concentrate allowance over the twelve cows of 7·2 kg d-1. Degree of chopping had no significant effect on either silage dry matter intake or milk yield with mean intakes during the final 21 d of the experimental period of 9·2, 9·2 and 9·2 kg d-1 and mean milk yields of 25·2, 25·2 and 25·2 kg d-1 for the DC, PL and PS silages respectively. Method of concentrate allocation did not affect either the total yield of milk during the experimental period, 1717 and 1697 kg, or the total lactation yield, 5635 and 5711 kg, for the uniform and yield-related allocation methods respectively. The butterfat and protein concentrations of the milk were not significantly affected by either the degree of silage chopping or the method of concentrate allocation.


ABSTRACT Our team conducted theoretical calculations and experimental studies of interpolymer interactions in insulin-chitosan complexes based on the spatial orientation of chitosan and insulin macromolecules using Langmuir film balance at various pH values. The most optimal conditions for interpolymer interactions between insulin and chitosan chains occur at pH value of 5.4, which corresponds to the isoelectric point of insulin. For the similar pH values of 4.2 and 6.0, the free energy of coordination between chitosan and insulin was estimated by molecular dynamic simulations as of 1.1 and 5.8 kcal mol−1, respectively. Graphical abstract


During the past 30 years, there has been a growing discussion of how women's lived experiences have been absent from much of the research on issues related to women's lives (see, for example, Harding, 1987; Nielsen, 1990; Riger, 1992). Theory in the social sciences has often developed without the benefit of women's voices on their experiences. Hare-Mustin and Marecek (1994) describe ways in which models developed from the experiences of men have been assumed to be universal models of human behavior and functioning, a process of ignoring how gender may operate as a key variable, which they term beta bias. They also critique research that focuses exclusively on exaggerating gender differences, what they call alpha bias. The result of such critiques has been a call for research that uses more complex notions of gender—understanding its intersections with race and socioeconomic status, for example—and that places women's experiences at the center of the formulation of questions, design of methods and measures, and interpretation of results. Two special issues of Violence Against Women—Bringing Women's Voices to the Center: Innovative Methods in Violence Against Women Research, Part I (October) and Part II (November), with a few articles opening the December issue—were conceived to highlight methods used in research dedicated to putting women's voices at the center of inquiry in studies of violence against women. Although it would seem logical that in research on violence against women the voices of women would be heard, this is not always the case. We have documented (Williams, 2004) that violence-against-women research may be designed without benefit of any discussions with women about their lived experiences or with the practitioners who work in the field with survivors of violence. Surveys, questionnaires, and interview and focus group protocols may be designed and carried out far away from the real lives of women. These special issues begin to remedy the limitations of some of the research on violence against women by including articles that


This paper discusses the influence of pH on colloidal graphene oxide (GO) liquid crystals. The results indicate that there is a crossing point where suspensions at pH > pKa, the GO sheets have different behavior than suspensions at pH < pKa. This behavior is evidenced by broadening of the biphasic region in the isotropic to nematic phase transition, by observing different shape and internal configurations of the nematic droplets, and in the magnitude of fractionation between large and small sheets in the nematic and isotropic phases. The behavior of GO liquid crystal droplets under the influence of a static magnetic field is studied, and evidence is found in the magnetically induced distortions for the support of our interpretation of the internal configurations of the nematic droplets. This study also demonstrates that magnetic distortions are reversible on a time scale of minutes to hours. This research is based on the LC‐PolScope, a polarized light system, which is found to be a powerful tool for characterization of GO liquid crystals due to its fast and easy image acquisition and analysis.


In this paper, we introduce a matrix associated with a graph called degree exponent sum matrix. We compute the degree exponent sum polynomial of graph operations, cycle related graphs, product related graphs and transformation graphs. We give bounds for the largest degree exponent sum eigenvalue and degree exponent sum energy of a graph.


Shape-based models can be used to approximate low-thrust transfer orbits between celestial bodies. Here, a new model is proposed, which is based on simple analytical base functions that together represent the velocity of the spacecraft. After integration, these base functions also yield analytical expressions for distances traveled. As a result, both the velocity and the trajectory of a transfer can be modeled analytically with a series of such base functions, which can be chosen and scaled at will. Constraints (i.e. conditions on initial and final position and velocity) can be satisfied directly, and a constraint on the final polar angle can be met with a straightforward, fast numerical integration. The technique allows for direct solutions with no degrees of freedom, but also facilitates a more extensive analytical modeling where certain aspects of the resulting transfer trajectory (e.g. required ?V , maximum acceleration) can be optimized. The main characteristics of the technique are illustrated in a number of cases: transfers to Mars and Mercury


Summary A modified iodine monochloride method suitable for preparing I131-labeled proteins of a high degree of radioactivity is described, and results are given. Hydrogen peroxide present in high level I131 preparations is destroyed with catalase. Then IC1 is added to a mixture of the I131 as iodide and the protein to be iodinated. Total iodine content of I131 preparations sets a limit on the specific activity of I131-labeled proteins that can be achieved with a low degree of iodination. In the two commonly used methods for producing I131 (fission of U235 and thermal neutron irradiation of natural tellurium) stable I127 and long-lived I129 are also formed. Analysis showed the total iodine content of fission product I131, as received from Oak Ridge National Laboratory soon after processing, to average 2.4 μg per 100 mc, 3 times the amount present as I131 (0.8 μg/100 mc). For I131 produced from tellurium it was substantially greater. Since the ratio of total iodine to I131 increases with time after processing, freshly produced I131 is necessary to make very high level labeled preparations. Precautions to prevent protein damage as a result of high level labeling procedures are described.


This chapter looks at the opening of the file and of proceedings concerning infringements. Instead of spending its time processing notifications of largely benign agreements, the objective of Regulation 1/2003 was to enable the Commission to use its limited resources to crack down on serious infringements, such as cartels. The widening of the Commission's investigatory powers was precisely aimed at enhancing methods of discovering cartel activity at all levels of enforcement. However, in so doing, it is dependent on receiving information from third parties, either informally or through formal complaints. In essence, cartels and other anticompetitive practices can come to light either directly, through whistle-blowers and complaints by third parties, or indirectly, through other regulatory activities, such as sector inquiries or merger investigations. The Commission strongly encourages citizens and undertakings to inform public enforcers about suspected infringements of the competition rules as complainants. Proceedings conducted by the Commission in competition matters may be commenced by the Commission on its own initiative or in response to a complaint. Throughout the procedure, the Commission has indicated that, on its own initiative or upon request, it endeavours to give parties subject to the proceedings ample opportunity for open and frank discussions, taking into account the stage of the investigation, and to make their points of view known.


From economic and environmental points of view, enhancing resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is regarded as the best option to reduce fungal colonisation and the concomitant mycotoxin contamination. This review focuses on the effect of FHB resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) and the masked metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-glucoside) in wheat. Based on published information complemented with our own results we draw the following conclusions: (1) All investigated wheat cultivars can convert DON to DON-3-glucoside. Hence, detoxification of DON to DON-3-glucoside is not a new trait introduced by recent resistance breeding against FHB. (2) The amount of DON-3-glucoside relative to DON contamination can be substantial (up to 35%) and is among other things dependent on genetic and environmental factors. (3) Correlation analyses showed a highly significant relationship between the amount of FHB symptoms and DON contamination: breeding for FHB resistance reduces DON contamination. (4) DON...


ABSTRACT Despite the Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Supreme Court decision allowing same-sex marriage, the current political climate has emboldened state legislatures in the United States to push for anti-LGBTQ adoption legislation, some citing that LGBTQ couples have a negative effect on children. This meta-analysis synthesized data from 32 studies on 6 developmental outcomes (child gender role behaviour, gender identity, sexual orientation, cognitive function, psychological adjustment, and quality of parent–child relationship). The overall effect size of having same-sex parents on the developmental outcomes of the children was positive and significantly different from that of heterosexual parents. Moderator analyses found that location, socioeconomic status, type of relationship, date of publication, and the child's sexual preference were significant. We provide implications for practitioners and policy, as well as recommendations for future research in this area.


In general, physical activity is beneficial for health. However, little is known about benefits across different domains of activities performed within daily-life routines such as commuting, leisure-time and activities at work. And does it also matter how old you are? This thesis focuses on the relationship between daily-life moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health. Data from the Lifelines cohort was used for this. When people were more active than others, the domain of activity was important. Being intensively active in leisure time (think of brisk walking, cycling and sports) is healthy. The same applies to active commuting, for example cycling to work. What was not favorable was hard work. Intensive physical activity at work showed no favorable relationship with health. It is not clear whether the type of physical activity associated with work is not favorable, or whether there are other circumstances at work that counteract a possible health benefit. Interestingly, the association between being active and health depended on age. Being physically active was related to lower body weight gain mostly in younger adults, while being more active was strongly associated with lower risk of fatty liver or high blood pressure in older adults. Even in people who already have a serious illness, physical activity is still beneficial. Patients who were more active after a kidney transplant were less likely to have diabetes and less likely to die prematurely. In conclusion, physical activity is beneficial for health at any adult age and also for people with chronic health problems.


Water desalination is the process of making fresh seawater or the process of making fresh water from salt water. This study uses a thermal desalination process because the salt content produced is less than the results from membrane desalination. This fuzzy method also has several variations in its application. The fuzzy Sugeno method used in this study differs from other methods, that is, with this method the results are in the form of constants or linear equations so that they can automate the desalination process. Tangkil Island is used as the object in this case study because it is a center for family tourism but has difficult access to fresh water. This study tested the results of desalination water by using a salinity measuring instrument with the type of salinity-615 as the standard for reading salt levels. The comparison results have an error value of above 50% due to the difference in the reading digits of the salinity-615 tool, which only has a value of 1 digit behind the comma, so that the results compared with the salt level sensor (embedded), which can read 3 digits behind the comma, have a high error percentage. The results of the tests carried out using Matlab with the actual conditions at the temperature, humidity, and water level observed that the desalination process runs automatically. From the results of these tests, there are very large differences in the calculation of the evaporation rate. The temperature and humidity factors can change at any time, which causes very large differences from the calculation results. In line with the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, the evaporation process will be faster but will experience a slowdown in the evaporation process if the opposite occurs.


Due to several printer's errors the following information was incorrect in the text of the paper: The first sentence of the Results section on page 439 should read "Chimeric receptors were constructed containing the IL-2 receptor (gp 55 subunit) as the extracellular and transmembrane domains , and either the a5 or B~ intracellular domain of the fibronectin receptor as the cytoplasmic domain (Fig. 1)." Chimeric receptors were constructed using the c~ and/~1 intracellular domains of the fibronectin receptor. We did not construct a chimeric receptor containing the ot~ intracellular domain as incorrectly stated in the paper. Also, the first sentence in column 2 on page 442 should read "To establish whether either the t~ or/~ intracellular domain alone can determine where the chimeric receptors localize, normal human fibroblasts transiently expressing these chimeras were plated for 2 h on fibronectin-coated cover-slips, and the expression of the transfected and endogenous receptors in focal contacts was analyzed by immunofluorescence and interference microscopy." We tested whether the or5 or ~1 intraceUular domains could alone determine receptor localization. We did not test chimeric receptors containing the t~2 intracellular domain as incorrectly indicated in the paper.


Background: Many studies have estimated the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and also its association with type II Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. But its prevalence and association with acute cardiovascular events like Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) remained largely unexplored. Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with AMI; (2) To find out the association of the individual component of the metabolic syndrome with AMI. (3) To study the association of obesity markers like waist circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) with AMI. Study Design: Hospital based cross-sectional case control study. Methods: The study was conducted in a Medical College of Kolkata, West Bengal. Applying National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria and evaluated subjects for the 5 component conditions of the metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance, abdominal obesity based on waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and hypertension, as well as the full syndrome, defined by the presence of at least 3 of the 5 conditions. Statistical Analysis: Student's t test and Chi-square test. Results: Among the 76 AMI patients, 47.36% male AMI cases and 46.87% of female AMI cases had MS and both are statistically significant when compared with controls. Among the 5 component conditions of MS, 4 components like insulin resistance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol were more prevalent in cases in both the sex groups compared with controls and the results were statistically significant. Only one exception obesity measured by high WC (p>0.05) which was not independently related to MS. Among the component conditions insulin resistance had the highest OR in men and low HDL had the highest OR in women. Among other obesity markers the association of BMI with MI was not statistically significant whereas central obesity measured by WHR of >0.09 were significantly related to MI in both male and female group. Conclusion: The study indicates that prevalence of MS and its individual component conditions are significantly related to AMI. Considering the marker of obesity waist circumference and BMI were not significantly related to AMI whereas WHR is significantly related to AMI. Maybe this is the time when we should look upon to derive the cut off points for obesity with consideration specifically related to Asian Indians.