Land cover changes are used to indicate various anthropogenic activities that lead to greenhouse gas GHG emissions (mainly carbon dioxide, CO2). GHG mitigation policies are in place in mega cities of developing countries, such as the city of Faisalabad in Pakistan. The relationship between CO2 sources and sinks, however, is still largely unknown. In the present study, we estimate sectoral CO2 sources using actual data from the city's energy consumption as one of the critical parameters an anthropogenic activity, while sinks are extracted from land cover/land use change analysis of quad-temporal satellite images for the time period of 1975 to 2011. The integration of multiple tools/models makes this study unique for its kind. The results illustrate that the city area expanded by six times from 1975 to 2011 while CO2 sources increased eight-fold, and are expected to rise further if not addressed in timely fashion. CO2 sinks are being exhausted heavily in a large numbers. In particular, sparse and dense vegetation has shown a significant change over a mere decade. The forecast results, estimated by econometric model, likewise show an increasing trend in the future. It is also found that use of multiple tools and techniques deliver better results in carbon mitigation tracer research. This study could help in developing climate mitigation policies at a local level that will ultimately help in reshaping national policies.


During my visit to LLNL during the summer of 2010, I worked on algebraic multilevel solvers for large sparse systems of linear equations arising from discretizations of partial differential equations. The particular solver of interest is based on ILU decomposition. The setup phase for this AMG solve is just the single ILU decomposition, and its corresponding error matrix. Because the ILU uses a minimum degree or similar sparse matrix ordering, most of the fill-in, and hence most of the error, is concentrated in the lower right corner of the factored matrix. All of the major multigrid components - the smoother, the coarse level correction matrices, and the fine-to-coarse and coarse-to-fine rectangular transfer matrices, are defined in terms of various blocks of the ILU factorization. Although such a strategy is not likely to be optimal in terms of convergence properties, it has a relatively low setup cost, and therefore is useful in situations where setup costs for more traditional AMG approaches cannot be amortized over the solution of many linear systems using the same matrix. Such a situation arises in adaptive methods, where often just one linear system is solved at each step of an adaptive feedback loop, or in solvingmore » nonlinear equations by approximate Newton methods, where the approximate Jacobian might change substantially from iteration to iteration. In general terms, coarse levels are defined in terms of successively smaller lower right blocks of the matrix, typically decreasing geometrically in order. The most difficult issue was the coarse grid correction matrix. The preconditioner/smoother for a given level is just the corresponding lower right blocks of the ILU factorization. The coarse level matrix itself is just the Schur complement; this matrix is not known exactly using just the ILU decomposition in the setup phase. Thus we approximate this matrix using various combinations of the preconditioning matrix and the error matrix. During my visit, several approximations of this type were implemented and tested. While some improved the convergence rate of the overall method, these gains had to be balanced against the additional costs involved in creating and applying these matrices. By this more stringent criterion, none of the improved approximations could be characterized as an unqualified success.« less


Summary form only given as follows. In the present paper we have investigated the growth of a radially symmetrical ripple, superimposed on a Gaussian laser beam and its effect on ion-acoustic wave excitation by considering the interaction of a weak ion-acoustic wave and the rippled Gaussian laser beam in relativistic plasma. We have set up and solved ordinary differential equations for the beam width parameter of the main beam, ripple and the density perturbation associated with the excited ion-acoustic wave. Effects of relativistic nonlinearity have been seen and presented here.


For the superconducting Maglev system to be commercially viable, it is important to reduce costs. Simplifying the ground coil structure effectively would achieve this, but will increase the harmonic magnetic fields that intensify the vibration of on-board superconducting magnets (SCMs). Excessive vibration gives rise to greater heat loss. In this paper, we outlined the improvements and effects to the SCM for simplified ground coils, and described the results of emplacement tests and running test.


This article presents the results of processing the experimental data to determine the thickness of the snow cover in an area with a relatively flat terrain using a ground penetrating radar (GPR) and a laser rangefinder. It is shown that the GPR determines the thickness of the snow cover with an accuracy of 10-15 cm even in places under vegetation, however, in areas with sharp drops in the snow level, the error can be about 1 m due to the wide directional pattern of the antenna. The laser rangefinder is not suitable for measuring the thickness of the snow cover under vegetation, however, it detects local maxima and minima well, which can significantly supplement the GPR data in identifying critical zones. For surfaces that have a small area free from snow, it is possible to determine the thickness of the snow cover relative to this area with a laser rangefinder accuracy of ∼ 1 cm, but it is necessary that this surface be free of vegetation. This criterion is met, for example, the roof surfaces of large structures, such as water parks. In the case of using only a GPR, sharp drops in snow level are averaged and inaccuracies in measurements at local sites are possible. When using both instruments, it is possible to determine the snow cover with an accuracy of ∼ 10-15 cm on surfaces with vegetation and ∼ 1 cm without vegetation, which is the basis for the joint use of instruments. This work is a continuation of a series of experiments started last year.


Information technology (IT) policymaking in higher education is often an ad hoc process,responding to crises, rather than taking a proactive approach based on a clear understanding of the policy environment, resulting in inconsistency, inefficiency, and confusion. Withoutsufficient contextualization, university IT policy lacks the vision and comprehensive strategyneeded to ensure its effectiveness and durability. Through a historical narrative of three cases of recent IT policy events at UCLA, this dissertation examines the features of the institutional policy context that shape technology policy development. By tracing the cases studies' events and shared themes of academic freedom, free inquiry, information privacy, information security, data protection, and peer-to-peer digital piracy, the study demonstrates the complexity of the policy context and its changes over time. To guide policy research and writing, it draws from the historical case study data and proposes an analytical framework based on three prominent contextual elements--institutional values, governance, and stakeholder relationships. By applying that framework to recent and emerging IT policy issues at UCLA, the paper demonstrates the usefulness of a structured informed approach to complex institutional IT decision-making.


The tensions between centralization and decentralization in complex enterprise web sites are addressed from the perspective of conventional information architecture, based on the "islands of information" metaphor used by Rosenfeld and Morville. The needs include the identification and shaping of information spaces, the ability to manage multiple autonomous websites consistently, and a deeper knowledge of enterprise information architecture methodologies.


Abstract An X-band CMOS power amplifier using a mode-locking method for sensor applications is designed with a TSMC 0.13-μm RF CMOS process. The cascode structure is adapted to remove the reliability problems between the drain and gate voltages of the NMOS. Additionally, the mode-locking method is used to improve the efficiency and gain of the amplifier. We proposed the method to adapt the mode-locking topology to the cascode structure. The measured power added efficiency is 27%, while the saturated output power is 14 dBm at an operation frequency of 8.9 GHz. The designed chip size is 700 by 550 μm2.


Since the Blade of the Ruined King (BoRK) received significant stat decreases on League of Legends, Vayne players have increasing begun to purchase the Bloodthirster (BT) instead. This paper aims to address when buying one item over the other is optimal through finding the difference between kill times on targets with varying health and armour in a plausible mid-game scenario with each item.


A significant success of modern theoretical physics has been in the study of critical phenomena, where a system displays singular properties while undergoing a transition between different phases of matter. The modern theory (recognized by a Wolf Prize and a Nobel Prize) involves the notions of length scale invariance, power law singularities, the renormalization group etc. A significant experimental test of the theory has been the study of the transition between normal liquid and superfluid behavior of liquid helium-4 (recognized with a London Prize). The singular properties which characterize a critical transition typically involve a divergence in a susceptibility, such as a heat capacity, compressibility, or other property which may couple to a local configuration of atoms or molecules. Since these latter properties may be probed with sound waves, acoustics can be a useful probe of critical behavior. In the case of superfluid helium there are five fundamentally different modes of sound propagation, and this acoustic abundance contributed to the success of the critical phenomenon theory test. This talk will review the theory of critical phenomena, describe the different modes of sound propagation in superfluid helium, and summarize the results of the key test of the critical phenomenon theory.


Probiotics evolve acid tolerance response in the acidic environment,such as in fermented dairy products or in the gastrointestinal tract,resulting in changes in their metabolism. Proteomics technique is a useful tool to analyze a w ealth of important information for further understanding of the changes in probiotics metabolism and revealing the acid tolerance mechanisms deeply. In this paper,the research progress of the changes of related proteins in procession of probiotics acid tolerance response using proteomics technique was reviewed.


Automatic assembling is essentially aimed at ensuring precise matching of connective surfaces of the parts prior to their join. One method of solving this problem is to apply pneumatic-vibrational automatic assembly. It is based on directional matching of joining surfaces by a directional self-search method. During self-search process the relative position of joining surfaces is directionally changing within a certain limited area. At a moment when the error of these surfaces does not exceed a permissible one, the surfaces are unhinderedly joined. The perspective pneumatic-vibrational assembling method involves excitation of vibrations of an element based on air-cushion perpendicularly to the joint axis. The surfaces overlap due to aligning effect created by the air current flowing through the clearance between joining elements. In the previous works the vibration regimes of an element on air-cushion and their characteristics were determined for incompressible [1,2] and compressible [3,4] air. Technical assembling possibilities extend when a track is placed on a vibrator platform and forced vibrations are induced in it. The paper analyses this method to be applied for assembling cylindrical and prismatic elements. In order to use the pneumaticvibrational assembling in practice, the matching characteristics of joining surfaces are to be determined. The vibrations of an element based on air-cushion are due to both air distribution in the air-cushion and air flow parameters. Pressure in the air-cushion in the case of compressible and incompressible air is described by nonstationary Reynold's equations which are solved by applying the variational formulation of the finite elements method. The air-cushion area is divided by finite elements into linear triangles. In the case of incompressible air, a set of linear algebraic equations is derived by means of the finite elements method which is solved by Gauss elimination. In the case of compressible air, by applying the finite elements method a matrix differential equation is derived which, for obtaining a matrix algebraic equation, is approximated by finite differences according to the central difference scheme. The derived nonlinear matrix algebraic equation is solved by Newton-Raphson method. Simultaneously solving the pressure distribution and part motion equations, the latter is solved by Runge-Kutta's method, and vibrations of a part on an air-cushion vibrating according to the harmonic law are investigated.


A method for producing coated paper, the coating liquid in the width direction of the paper web strip to form a stripe, and forming a plurality of spaced stripes in the longitudinal direction of the web, the manufacturing method comprising: a coating step (Sl), when the fringe spacing is applied to the coating formed by applying the above coating liquid on the web stripe, coating streak when the pitch ratio of the coating the coating design of the paper is a narrow fringe spacing as predetermined standards; post-treatment step (S2), after the coating step, a drying process of said web; applying tension step (S3), the processing steps after the rear, in order to make the pitch of the fringes close to the web design fringe spacing, tension is applied to said web, so that the fringe spacing expandable web.


Algorithmic research is an established knowledge engineering process that has allowed researchers to identify new or significant problems, to better understand existing approaches and experimental results, and to obtain new, effective and efficient solutions. While algorithmic researchers regularly contribute to this knowledge base by proposing new problems and novel solutions, the processes currently used to share this knowledge are inefficient, resulting in unproductive overhead. Most of these publication-centered processes lack explicit high-level knowledge structures to support efficient knowledge management. The authors describe a problem-centered collaborative knowledge management architecture associated with Computational Problem Solving (CPS).


Courts have recently grappled with the issue of whether predictive coding is sufficiently reliable search technology to use in electronic discovery. Courts have appropriately ruled in recent cases that parties may choose to use predictive coding. Moves by courts to mandate that a party use that technology, however, are improper. Such actions by judges implicate important policy considerations that go to the heart of the American adversarial system. This paper argues that parties may have legitimate concerns that lead them to prefer keyword searching rather than predictive coding and that judges do not have sufficient reasons to depart from the traditional judicial role to intervene in parties' decisions on search technology.


Higher order processes that produced visible fluorescence observed in Nd:GdVO4 laser crystals pumped by 808 nm diode-laser were studied in the spectroscopic measurements. These processes were the energy transfer upconversion and the excited state absorption. The green, orange and the red emissions can be attributed to the transitions from the 4G7/2 excited state, which is populated by the ETU, the UV and blue emissions can be attributed to the ESA. The upconversion spectra indicate that ETU and ESA process seem to be responsible for the observed visible luminescence.


Thank you for reading the origins of metropolitan manila a political and social analysis. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this the origins of metropolitan manila a political and social analysis, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


For noble-transition bimetallic catalysts, the structure stability evaluates as significant as the well-studied catalytic efficiency in economic point of view. The structure evolution and corresponding dynamics of NiAu bimetallic nanoparticles under ambient conditions are investigated using in situ Cs-corrected STEM and DFT calculations. In 10 oxidization, Au component promotes dissociation of oxygen and initiates Ni oxidization, which simultaneously drives the migration of Au atoms yielding multi-shell structures, denoted by Ni@Au@NiO. The subsequent hydrogen reduction induces surface reconstruction forming fcc-NiAu clusters. After cycles of catalyzing CO oxidization, inverse Au segregation and Ni recrystallization occur ascribed to exothermic excitations. The results of this study can help to understand the evolution behaviors of the bimetallic nanoparticles under ambient conditions as well as to optimize the 15 structure design of bimetallic catalysts.


This text is taken from proceedings of an International Conference held at the Admiralty Research Establishment, Dunfermline, UK, 20-23 May 1986.


With the power reform and the opening of the electricity market, the traditional centralized system is unable to meet the demand of power transaction among P2P users due to the complexity of transaction users and the diversity of transaction data. Intelligent power purchase and automated sale trading platform uses the bottom technology of block chain to build a decentralized trusted trading platform for multi-users. The platform uses terminal acquisition equipment with edge computing function to pre-process and upload massive data to distributed block nodes, and traces the source of each kilowatt-hour power. According to the characteristics of current power sources and users' electricity consumption habits, it intelligently recommends power consumption scheme. At the same time, intelligent contracts provide open, transparent, tamper-proof trading mode and self-purchase and sale operation to ensure data reliability and user flexibility. With the advantages of advanced payment method, shorter transaction time and zero default rate, the platform attracts power users to trade actively, promotes the competition and activity of the power market, and has guiding significance for the capital flow and market health of the industry.


Pressure welding using the phenomenon of structural superplasticity is a relatively new technological method based on the additive principle of forming parts. The problem of the quality of a solid-phase joint, which is well studied for superplastic titanium alloys, requires a verification of the versatility of the approaches used to solve it for heat-resistant nickel alloys, as well as for welding of dissimilar crystalline materials. The possibility of reducing the temperature of pressure welding by using low-temperature superplasticity of ultrafine-grained (UFG) crystalline alloys is considered.


Since the state of operational performance of large steam turbine's proper has a direct influence on the safety and economy of power plants,it is quite necessary to monitor and evaluate comprehensively it state of operation in order to overcome the imperfections and insufficiencies of conventional ways of evaluating mechanical states.The concept of relative degree of inferiority is introduced and a model for comprehensive state evaluation of steam turbines proper elaborated,together with the corresponding evaluation system,by using operation data,condition monitoring data,and operational statistical data further by fusing multi-source information,such as vibration signals of the turbine proper,operation parameters of the rotor string,thermal efficiency of the flow pass etc.A comprehensive state evaluation system has herewith been developed for the domestic manufactured 300 MW steam turbine proper.Research results show that this method is reasonable and effective,and evaluation results may be used as a scientific basis for making decisions concerning maintenance work.Figs 2,table 1 and refs 6.


We investigate the relaxation process and the dynamical heterogeneities of the kinetically constrained Kob-Andersen lattice glass model and show that these are characterized by different time scales. The dynamics is well described within the diffusing defect paradigm, which suggests that we relate the relaxation process to a reverse-percolation transition. This allows for a geometrical interpretation of the relaxation process and of the different time scales.


We present results of a search for neutral strange quark matter (strangelets) in 11.6A GeV/c Au+Pb reactions from the 1995 run of experiment E864 at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. We have sampled approximately 1.3 billion 10{percent} most central Au+Pb interactions and have observed no statistically significant signal for neutral strangelet states with baryon number in the range 6{lt}A{lt}100. We set upper limits on the production of these exotic states at the level of 8{times}10{sup {minus}8} per central collision for mass {gt}20 GeV/c{sup 2}. These limits are the first limits reported on the production of heavy neutral strangelets. They complement searches for positively and negatively charged strangelets also conducted by our collaboration. We discuss the implications of these results on strangelet production mechanisms and the stability of strange quark matter. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


o the Editor: We read with interest the article by Tam et al. claiming that Gram stain has a better sensitivity than Amsel's criteria for the detection of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy ("Gram stain method shows better sensitivity than clinical criteria for detection of bacterial vaginosis in surveillance of pregnant, low-income women in a clinical setting," 1998;6:204-208). They argue that the method is reliable and cheap and therefore the test of choice for low-income women. What the authors are describing is that Gardnerella vagina/is can be correctly identified by Gram stain, a statement that is not very evocative for a method designed to recognize and classify bacteria. The entity to be diagnosed is not the presence of G. vaginalis, but the presence of bacterial vaginosis. Fifty percent of women harbor G. vaginalis in the vagina in various amounts, most often without accompanying bacterial vaginosis. During pregnancy, it is the disturbance of the vaginal flora, not merely the presence of G. vaginalis, that is associated with preterm labor. 1-3 In a recent study, abnormal flora was associated with preterm birth, but anaerobic bacterial vaginosis was not.4 In other studies, treatment with medication against anaerobes was not effective in preventing preterm birth,s Therefore, if one is looking for a useful screening tool during pregnancy, it ought to be broader than a simple screen for the presence of G. vaginalis. Secondly, the article presents no data on pregnancy outcome, nor is there any cross-reference to an article containing such data, although the study setting would have been ideal or may even have been intended for this purpose. While only 51 women are discussed because they were symptomatic, whether this means bacterial vaginosis or not, we wonder if the authors could comment on the outcome of the whole group, in comparison with the G. vaginalis positives. Even if the authors elected not to publish these data because they found no association, we would urge them to do so. Instead, new evidence is emerging that it is not only bacterial vaginosis that may be important, but rather a more general disturbance of the flora. Even if G. vaginalis culture is taken as the benchmark, it is not clear why clinical criteria perform so poorly. One of the reasons may be that the authors used light microscopes with only 100-200 x magnification and no phase contrast. Also, the experience of the clinician using the microscope is likely to be of fundamental importance. Using 400 magnification, with phase contrast, eight independent international researchers diagnosed clue cells and abnormal flora on air-dried specimens with correlation kappa indices above 0.85. Abnormal flora may be more accurately detected by wetmount examination than in Gram stains, as the preparation of the Gram or its reading may lead to underdiagnosis of the normal lactobacilli, reflected by the association of vaginal lactate concentrations with flora subtypes.7,8 Finally, in practical terms, Gram stain remains a laboratory-based test. Especially for low-income women, calling in the women for treatment may be inefficient, and the practical burden of inviting women for treatment for a seemingly harmless and asymptomatic condition may be straining and disappointing. Also, infestation with Trichomonas or Mobiluncus is easily recognized on wet mount, but not on Gram stain. Phase-contrast microscopy of a fresh vaginal


The idea of a classroom composed of students with more or less homogeneous characteristics is a chimera: we are increasingly finding heterogeneous teaching scenarios where students with a wide social diversity are grouped together. There are many studies on social inclusion through teaching strategies, PBL, etc., including on the attitudes and training on inclusion of university teachers focused on students with disabilities (2); but if we are not only referring to social, ethnic or cultural diversity, which causes a large part of the problems of inclusion, but also to diversity in levels of motivation, attention span and educational needs -cognitive diversity-, there are few studies on the inclusive role of attention and academic engagement in the classroom (19,28). Academic engagement in higher education creates, according to the latest research, an affective commitment that positively influences the degree to which students are involved, connected and actively engaged in learning and the degree to which teachers are involved in and improve their On the other hand, cognitive diversity in the classroom or knowledge-related diversity reflects the variety of student perspectives on learning, with the potential to enrich the group by diversifying and broadening heuristics and mental models, but may also show certain disabilities that hinder academic performance. The attached research proposal explores all of these parameters to help increase quality, equity, inclusion and success for all in education and training.


This research work aimed at the study of the root allometry in subtropical Tamaulipan thornscrub and pine forest communities of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. By excavating each individual root of each of 20 trees per plant community, we developed root allometric equations for biomass, volume, total length and diameter. Covariance analysis, ancova, was employed to determine the statistical difference of these parameters between plant communities. Results indicate that pine plant trees have larger root volumes, longer root systems and higher root basic densities than trees of Tamaulipan thornscrub forests. This piece of information is key to estimate root biomass, volume, total length and diameter of roots of trees of these plant communities at the stand scale; important environmental information. Key words: Power equations, ancova, root biomass, volume, length and diameter.


Existence and regularity results for quasilinear elliptic equations driven by \begin{document}$(p, q)$\end{document} -Laplacian and with gradient dependence are presented. A location principle for nodal (i.e., sign-changing) solutions is obtained by means of constant-sign solutions whose existence is also derived. Criteria for the existence of extremal solutions are finally established.


Background : Obesity in children and adolescents is a serious issue with many health and social consequences that continue into adulthood. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of obesity among male intermediate school students aged 12-15 years in al-Madina and To determine the relationship between BMI and life style factors among them Methods: The study is a school-based cross-sectional study with self-administrated questionnaires. It was collected from intermediate school male students in Al-Madinah,2015.The Population was 32044 students (aged 1215 year-old).The study was involving 399 students using cluster random sampling technique. Measurements included B.M.I, weight and height. Results: Our study reveals that the prevalence of obesity was 20.3% . The lowest percentage (2.5% ) were from first intermediate grade student while the highest percentage (10.8% ) were from third intermediate grade student. It shows that most of the obese live in their own home. We did not find a direct relation between other diseases and the occurrence of obesity; this may refer to the age of the subjects. The opinions of our subjects regarding to the cause of obesity mostly was fast food (12.5%) . Conclusion: our study showed a high magnitude of obesity and related significant factors starting from sport activities and ending in parents education.


The smut sori of five Anthracoidea species, A. echinospora, A. heterospora, A. buxbaumii, A. limosa, and A. paniceae, removed from infected inflorescences of 5 Carex host plant species collected from 17 natural Finnish populations, were surveyed by isozyme analysis. The protein extracts of individual sori, containing teliospores (smut spores), together with uninfected utricles, were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained for esterase and four peptidase enzymes. Single sori, representing individual infection units, were sufficient to reveal considerable esterase and peptidase isozyme activities, whereas little or no activity was seen in the control utricle extracts. High levels of genetic variation as expressed by the detection of multiple loci and allelism were recorded between species and various populations, but variation within populations was lower. Peptidase banding patterns, in particular, proved to be useful in differentiating species: A. heterospora and A. echinospora, parasit...


Myelination in the brain has been typically associated with the white matter. Recently, however, cortical myelination has gained much interest not only as a possible lesion of multiple sclerosis (MS) but also for its significance in the plasticity of the central nervous system (CNS). It is urgent to understand the functional role of cortical myelination and its involvement in the MS pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate a novel nonlinear optical contrast, namely third-harmonic generation (THG), as a basis of label-free imaging of cortical myelin in living animals. Using the fixed brain slices of fluorescently labeled transgenic mice, we examined the distribution of myelin in the normal brain. We measured the spatial organization of cortical myelin. Finally, the capability of THG microscopy was tested for visualizing cortical myelin in living, unlabeled animals.


In this paper, we study the finite-time dissipativity analysis of Markovian jump-delayed neural networks (MJDNNs). The goal is to establish less conservative results for extended dissipativity conditions for delayed MJDNNs. To achieve this, an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) with novel inequality like composite slack-matrix-based integral inequality (CSMBII). Next, the CSMBII and other sufficient conditions are employed to estimate the derivative of the constructed LKF. Using these techniques, a delay-dependent finite-time dissipativity condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). These LMIs are used to formulate the finite dissipativity condition for the delayed MJNNs. The utility of the suggested approach is then confirmed by a number of interesting numerical examples, one of which has been confirmed by a real-world application of the benchmark problem that is associated with the designed MJDNNs. The illustrative simulation results conclusively demonstrate the superior performance and success of the developed CSMBII technique in this proposal, surpassing the limitations of existing techniques.


Questions on the definition of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) have been thoroughly argued throughout the TRIZ community. The theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is a method of thinking that consists of tools to help in the process of problem solving. TRIZ allows analysis, the structuring of models and, finally the solution of problems with a systematic approach based upon a series of subsequent stages and operating tools. In the Malaysian context, TRIZ is fairly new and only practiced in a remote number of industries and institutions. Proven to be a strong and effective tool in problem solving, yet when introduced and taught, research has shown that only a fraction of learners accept it and pursue it for further studies. Narrowing down the focus, this paper will discuss this one problem solving technique that helps in producing innovative solutions practiced by one manufacturing industry in Malaysia. This paper will discuss on the experiences and learning of TRIZ by practicing TRIZ Level 3 experts in one industry in Malaysia. The findings invite further studies on the reason behind this occurrence and suggestions on how to overcome it.


This article is dedicated to the usage of communicative approach in teaching Russian as a foreign language. It describes concept "communicative competence" and one of the lesson structures which satisfies the basic principles of communicative approach in teaching foreign languages.


Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant frequent paediatric brain tumor.
It can be misdiagnosed for other diseases when symptoms are non-specific
and neurological examination is normal during evaluation. Physicians
must be vigilant not only of suggestive neurological status but also of
non -specific symptoms that are persistence and recurring in nature.


One of the generalizations of the Wiener number to weighted graphs is to assign probabilities to edges, meaning that in nonstatic conditions the edge is present only with some probability. The Reliability Wiener number is defined as the sum of reliabilities among pairs of vertices, where the reliability of a pair is the reliability of the most reliable path. Closed expressions are derived for the Reliability Wiener number of paths, cycles, stars and brooms. It is shown that the Reliability Wiener number can be used as a measure of branching.


Recent static and dynamic stand recording and readout results will be reported, including demonstration of many layers of data and random mark-length recording. Alumina media are exceptionally stable and can be recorded using diode lasers.


A method for the analysis of discrete elastoplastic structural systems with proportional damping and subjected to dynamic loads is presented. Firstly, it is shown that, using the mode superposition method, the actual node displacements and generalized stresses can be given suitable integral representations in terms of the known load history and of the unknown plastic strain history; secondly, considering the evolution of the system in a small time step and imposing the relevant laws of (holonomic) plasticity theory at the step extreme times only, it is shown that the step plastic strain increments can be obtained by solving algebraic problems shaped either in the form of a linear complementarity problem, or in the forms of two alternative quadratic programming problems. The formats of these problems are recursive and thus sequentially applicable, such as to cover the entire loading process, in much the same way quasistatic elastoplastic problems can be solved. The resulting numerical procedure turns out t...


0. Introduction. A foliation ^~ of a closed Riemannian manifold W is minimal if the leaves are minimal submanifolds of W. A foliation is taut if there is a metric on W for which the foliation is minimal. Sullivan [S], Rummler [R] and Haefliger [H] found geometrical and topological characterizations of these foliations. A codimension one oriented foliation is taut if and only if every compact leaf is cut out by a closed transversal (Sullivan). For general codimension there is a necessary and sufficient condition for ^ to be taut that depends only on the holonomy pseudo group of the foliation (Haefliger). If the leaves of ^~ are all compact then ^ is taut if and only if _̂ ~ is stable (Rummler). Recently, Oshikiri [0], proved that for ^~ of codimension one and W with non-negative Ricci curvature tensor, ^~ minimal implies that ^ and ^~ are totally geodesic, where _^~ denotes the normal flow to ^ 7 In particular, ^ is defined by a closed form. In this paper we generalize this theorem for the case of codimension two. Precisely, we prove the following: THEOREM. Let W be an oriented closed (n + 2)-dimensional Riemannian manifold and ^[ a minimal, codimension two C°° foliation of W. Suppose the normal distribution of ^\, say ^ 7 , is C°° and integrable and that both j^[ and j^l are orientable. (1) // Rice (W) > 0 then e(^ζ) Φ 0. (2 ) If Rice (W) ^ 0 then either ^~[ is totally geodesic or ε(^7) Φ 0. (Both can occur simultaneously.) (3 ) If W has non-negative sectional curvature then either ε ( ^ ) Φ 0 or ^ 7 ΛTMZ ^l are totally geodesic. (Both can occur simultaneously.) Here ε(^l) denotes the Euler class of ^\ and Ricc(W) is the Ricci curvature tensor of W.


In this poster, we describe partial findings from a larger study that explored the co‐first and co‐corresponding author phenomenon in two biomedical research areas, pharmacy and anesthesia. The top 10 journals in the two areas by the five‐year impact factor as listed in 2013 JCR were used for the paper sources. A total of 17802 pharmacy papers and 35801 anesthesia papers were included in the analyses. Each paper was manually examined to identify the co‐first and co‐corresponding author papers. In this poster, we will show the distributions of the paper numbers and percentages of the co‐first and co‐corresponding papers over twenty years (1995–2014), the distributions of author numbers sharing the co‐first and co‐corresponding authorship, and the combinations and distributions of the authors' byline positions.


Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the views of the author, who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Transportation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacurers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear herein only because they are considered considered essential to the objective of this document. 16. Abstract Vegetation, if not controlled, can present a safety hazard for several reasons. Trees close to the road can present a fixed object hazard. Tall grass, weeds brush and tree limbs obscure or limit a driver's view of the road ahead, traffic control devices, approaching vehicles, wildlife and livestock, and pedestrians and bicycles. The purpose of this guide is to help local road agency maintenance workers identify locations where vegetation control is needed to improve traffic and pedestrian safety, to provide guidance for maintenance crews, and to make them aware of safe ways to mow, cut brush and otherwise control roadside vegetation..


Article is devoted to the activity "Database" in the Moodle system, its settings and use in teaching. De-scribes an example of applying this element in creation of an electronic version of the "Dictionary of Smo-lensk dialects" for teaching students of philological specialties.


The basic unit of the BTeV pixel detector is a multi-chip module which is comprised of a silicon sensor module bump-bonded to a number of readout chips. The pixel module will then be glued to a high intensity interconnect (HDI) cable using electrically conductive adhesive, and then onto a substrate using another kind of adhesive with reasonable thermal conductivity. This report is mostly addressed to the need of the latter--the substrate adhesive. The aim of this technical note is to summarize the testing efforts and results of this substrate adhesive covering a period since 2001 till the end of 2004. The substrate will serve two purposes: mechanical support and cooling of the modules. Stresses and strains will be generated when there is a thermal change on the substrate. In addition, since there are many kinds of materials, with different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), being glued together to form the complete detector assembly, the substrate may get distorted due to the CTE mismatches. As stress is directly proportional to the material modulus, a significant amount of effort was concentrated in understanding the adhesive modulus. There are other constraints which need to be considered as well. For instance, the detector willmore » be placed in a vacuum close to the beam, and it will be exposed to significant radiation during operation. As there are so many requirements on the adhesive, it is certainly not that easy to find one that meets all the demands. With a reasonable screening that the adhesive candidates being radiation hard and have low outgassing, searching for suitable adhesives was focused on those with low modulus. That is because (1) a mechanically reliable and fail-proof adhesive structure with low stress is needed, and (2) the leaking current characteristics of the modules will increase if mechanical stresses are too high. However, much of the technical information needed is usually not available from the vendor and therefore testing on our own is needed to verify the compliancy. The demands for good thermal and electrical properties would be lessened in favor of the more important properties if conflicts arose in our decision. As the adhesive layer would be as thin as about 0.05 mm, the temperature drop across it would be small, so a lower number in thermal conductivity would be tolerable. Also, having a greater coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value for the adhesive would be acceptable, as long as the modulus is low enough so that high thermal stress would not be generated within the pixel module. For our testing purposes, some of the samples in these testing groups have been exposed to ionizing radiation. It is known that ionizing radiations incident on organic materials causes the formation of free radicals by rupturing covalent bonds. These radicals are chemically active and can form new bonds, altering the structure of the polymeric material and resulting in changes of its appearance and of the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. It is thus important that some samples be subjected to ionizing radiation. Mechanical testing should be conducted on a group of samples to ensure that the mechanical properties are still acceptable after heavy radiation dosages. The results of these tests will portray a more accurate idea as to whether the material that will meet the expectations of the experiments in our unique environment.« less


In her discussion of the 1827 novel Hamel, the Obeah Man in this special issue, Janelle Rodriques describes obeah as a "recognisable phenomenon" that "operated from unintelligible assumptions." This description points toward the fascinating strangeness of obeah – the way in which outsiders could so easily become preoccupied by its incomprehensibility – while also suggesting the challenge of writing about it: we can see obeah but we can never quite be sure what it is we are looking at, and we are even less certain about how it works or what it means. The five essays that make up this forum not only grapple with this challenge on their own, but they also examine how that challenge played out within a rich range of eighteenthand early nineteenth-century texts through which Western writers and readers first described and encountered obeah. These early texts often exploit fascination with obeah's unintelligibility while at the same time striving to eliminate the confusion it created. These early representations of obeah wrestle with and capture this "recognisable phenomenon" through a variety of scientific, cultural, and textual strategies that, in their efforts to turn incomprehension into certainty, end up revealing far more about their own assumptions than they do about those that govern obeah itself. The articles gathered here recognize and investigate these early strategies of containing obeah, and in doing so they develop among themselves a practice that might be described as approaching obeah – almost as if through an iterative series of advances and retreats that do not pretend to arrive at the stillness of certainty but that nonetheless accumulate a kind of restless understanding. In the reflections that follow, I emphasize the multiplicities of genre and combinations of discipline that characterize these five essays and that help to sustain rather than curtail obeah's characteristic evasiveness, its mobility. I end by asking what that restless evasion might have signified in the context of a plantation system which proved a training ground for a system of managing bodies that would soon characterize the factories and workplaces of industrial capitalism. What did obeah's unproductive bodies signify at this moment of historical transformation? Scholars from a variety of disciplines have helped to assemble a growing bibliography of early representations of obeah. The essays gathered here contribute to this effort – most markedly perhaps in Katharine Gerbner's identification of the fascinating example and writings of George Caries – by putting sources into dialog with others and also by combining them in new ways. Obeah was of course represented and discussed in a variety of eighteenthand nineteenth-century genres, but these twenty-first-century analyses of obeah almost suggest that approaching the phenomenon of obeah requires assembling a


At present, the ways for detecting SQL injection attacks include pre-compilation of SQL statements, filtering user input at the WEB layer to prevent SQL injection, such as filtering global parameters with Filter, strictly restricting the operation authority of the database, and trying to satisfy all. The lowest permissions for the operation, etc. The detection method for the SQL injection attack is mainly to analyze the incoming parameters to determine whether an illegal parameter is passed in. However, due to the poor real-time performance of the analyzed traffic content and the accuracy, the false positive rate is not ideal. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based approach to find SQL injection aggression. It does not need to analyze and extract all the content. It only needs to find out the features needed by the model. Entering these features into the model that is trained in advance can detect SQL injection attacks traffic in real time. This paper use deep learning to identify SQL injection attacks in network traffic. We select the target features according to the attack characteristics of the SQL injection attack and get request from url or post packet as train data; use the deep belief network (DBN) model to train the selected features and the collected sample data, and finally get an identifiable SQL Injection attack model. Finally find a best model for Detecting SQL injection, and achieve online and real-time detection.


Abstract Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) in the salivary gland is a rare malignant neoplasm and is hardly located in the nasopharynx. An 18-year-old female presented with a 3-year history of nasal congestion. Endoscopic examination revealed a reddish round-shaped mass with a smooth surface in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. An en bloc resection of the tumor was performed by endoscopic surgery. Preliminary pathological diagnosis made by histopathological examination was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. However, FISH analysis for MAML2-split was negative but that for EWSR1-split was positive. In addition, EWSR1-ATF1 fusion transcript was detected in the RT-PCR analysis. The final pathological diagnosis of CCC was made on the basis of these findings. Since EWSR1-ATF1 fusion is not observed in other salivary gland tumors, identifications of this unique fusion gene by FISH and RT-PCR are useful tools to confirm the diagnosis of CCC.


A £10 MILLION funding package to improve cancer outpatient services has been dismissed as a 'drop in the ocean' by nurse practitioner Theresa Porrett.


The research objectives are 1) to develop multi-lateral cooperation between educational institution, schools, communities, temples, local government, public agencies and private sectors to improve the education quality of the small-sized schools, 2) to compare the two development formats of the multi-lateral cooperation and our results show no significant differences between the two formats. The multi-lateral cooperation formed during the processes includes within-school network, near-by-school network, parent and community network, networks with local government, public agencies and private sectors, and network with scholars in the university. These networks should be encouraged and mobilized by further research to produce concrete results.


The recognition of aircraft wake vortex can provide an indicator of early warning for civil aviation transportation safety. In this paper, several wake vortex recognition models based on deep learning and traditional machine learning were presented. Nonetheless, these models are not completely suitable owing to their dependence on the visualization of LiDAR data that yields the information loss of in reconstructing the behavior patterns of wake vortex. To tackle this problem, we proposed a lightweight deep learning framework to recognize aircraft wake vortex in the wind field of Shenzhen Baoan Airport's arrival and departure routes. The nature of the introduced model is geared towards three aspects. First, the dilation patch embedding module is used as the input representation of the framework, attaining additional rich semantics information over long distances while maintaining parameters. Second, we combined a separable convolution module with a hybrid attention mechanism, increasing the model's attention to the space position of wake vortex core. Third, environmental factors that affect the vortex behavior of the aircraft's wake were encoded into the model. Experiments were conducted on a Doppler LiDAR acquisition dataset to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed network has an accuracy of 0.9963 and a recognition speed at 100 frames per second was achieved on an experimental device with 0.51 M parameters.


We calculate the Si 2p core-level shifts at the As/Si(001)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) and Sb/Si(001)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surfaces using final-state pseudopotential theory. We find a large difference in the surface core-level shifts originating from the first-layer Si atoms between the two systems, in good agreement with photoemission experiments. We also find the surface components of Si 2p core levels for second- and third-layer Si atoms. Our results for the As/Si(001) system provide an interpretation of several surface components observed in a recent high-resolution core-level spectra.


The reported incidence of acute pericardial tamponade is approximately 2% in patients with penetrating trauma to the chest and upper abdomen; it is rarely seen after blunt chest trauma. It occurs more commonly with SWs than GSWs, and 60% to 80% of patients with SWs involving the heart develop tamponade. Patients with acute pericardial tamponade can deteriorate in minutes, but many can be saved if proper steps are taken.


Reactions of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (fluoranthene (FL), pyrene (PY), benz(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHRY), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and perylene (PER)), deposited on glass-fiber filters, with gaseous N/sub 2/O/sub 5/ in air were investigated in an all-Teflon chamber. Pyrene, FL, BaP, and BaA gave significant yields of nitro derivatives after only a 30-min exposure. In control exposures to NO/sub 2/ plus HNO/sub 3/ mixtures or to HNO/sub 3/ alone, the yields of nitro derivatives of PY, FL, and BaA were very low relative to those in the N/sub 2/O/sub 5/ exposures. The reactivity ranking of these PAH toward gaseous N/sub 2/O/sub 5/ was PY > FL > BaP > BaA > PER > CHRY. This order is significantly different from that previously observed for nitration of PAH deposited on glass-fiber filters and exposed to a flow of gaseous NO/sub 2/ + HNO/sub 3/ or for nitration of PAH in solution by NO/sub 2//N/sub 2/O/sub 4/ mixtures. It also differs from the reactivity ranking determined in this study for the reaction of these PAH with N/sub 2/O/sub 5/ in CCl/sub 4/ solution of PER > BaP > BaAgreater than or equal to PY > FL greater than or equal to CHRY. Environmentalmore » implications are discussed.« less


After the UK became the first country to make an over-the-counter statin available in 2004, George Winter delves into whether this precedent should be continued, and the various ongoing debates surrounding statin sales


C and Bus provide one of the most important reviews in this Supplement. The mechanism of injury in the diabetic foot is mechanical. Certainly neuropathy, glucose control, infection, nutrition, and peripheral arterial disease are important considerations, but the alpha and omega of the diabetic foot is "mechanics." Foot ulcers are associated with repetitive injury at the site of moderate to high pressure, and abnormal pressures are often associated with structural foot deformity or limited joint range of motion. Both treatment and prevention require a focus on modulating foot pressure and shear forces. This basic approach is usually overlooked. Off-loading is among the most studied and most effective treatments for diabetic foot ulcers. Compared with healing rates from high-tech products such as bioengineered tissue, growth factors, and negative-pressure wound therapy, aggressive off-loading in total-contact casts or removable walkers provides superior results.1–4 Part of the explanation could be that many of the randomized controlled trials that study new technology used off-loading that was suboptimal.2,4 These kinds of products may have much better clinical outcomes when they are combined with better offloading therapies. Many industry studies use therapeutic shoes or sandals as the standard of care in their pivotal trials. Cavanagh and Bus stated that "therapeutic footwear is not effective in ulcer healing." Sadly, a survey of 895 centers from Wu and colleagues reported that this is the most common method (41 percent) used to off-load diabetic foot wounds in clinical practice in the United States.5 Despite a large body of evidence, total-contact casts were used in less than 3 percent of centers. There are several considerations that influence the choice of off-loading besides choosing the most effective prima facie approach. Patient acceptance of off-loading is influenced by what the patient can afford and use safely. Our patient population is often elderly, obese, and lives alone, with stairs and other obstacles. Many patients with sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy have poor postural stability. They cannot walk safely with a boot that is above the ankle, a cast, or even therapeutic shoes with rocker soles. The Therapeutic Shoe Bill provides coverage for shoes and insoles. Other over-the-counter offloading devices may not be covered for diabetic foot ulcers. The compromise is often therapeutic shoes and insoles. Surgery to address the underlying etiology of diabetic foot ulcerations has promise, but as with many surgical approaches, it is based on a hands-on tradition that is more amenable to clerkship than scientific evidence. As pointed out by Cavanagh and Bus, surgery provides only a small incremental improvement in the proportion of wounds that heal and the time to healing in randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies. The two advantages of surgery that are not discussed are the ability to improve healing in patients who fail off-loading and the ability to reduce re-ulceration. Lin et al. showed that Achilles tendon lengthening healed ulcers that had previously failed off-loading with total-contact casting.6 Foot mechanics may be so severe that they cannot be successfully addressed with aggressive offloading. In addition, by addressing the underlying pathology, Achilles tendon lengthening, joint arthropathy, or tenotomies have a much lower rate of ulcer recurrence. There is only one randomized controlled trial that reports the benefit of percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening,7 so more prospective work is needed to understand the shortand long-term benefits of specific surgical procedures. Surgery is by no means a panacea. This approach will be limited to patients with adequate perfusion to the extremities. Surgery may work best in patients who


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The aim of the work wasObjective: to determine the relationship between laboratory biomarkers in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with AD and indicators of neuropsychological testing.Patients and methods. 52 patients with AD were examined, in which the concentration of 90 potential biomarkers were measured in blood plasma and CSF. Neuropsychological assessment included the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and etc.Results and discussion. Correlations of different strength between the values of biomarkers in blood plasma and CSF and the results of neuropsychological assessment were revealed. A correlation was found between the soluble cell adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) in blood plasma and the largest number of neuropsychological tests sensitive to dementia stages (MoCA, MMSE, FAB) in patients with AD at the dementia stage. A correlation was found between the concentration of growth/differentiation factor 15 and interferon γ in blood plasma and FAB scores in patients with AD. The levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in CSF were associated with the dementia stage in AD, and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels, on the contrary, with stages preceding the development of dementia in AD.Conclusion. sICAM-1 level in blood plasma, which is a marker of endothelial dysfunction, may be an indicator of the severity of the vascular neurodegenerative process in AD at the dementia stage. G-CSF in the CSF is associated with the dementia stage in AD, and IL-1RA – with the pre-dementia stage of AD, which determines the prospect of their further study as diagnostic markers.


This paper presents a vehicle control algorithm for stop and go cruise control systems which makes the vehicle remain at a safe distance from a preceding vehicle according to the driver's preference, automatically slow down and come to a full stop behind a preceding vehicle. The control algorithm consists of speed and distance control algorithm and a combined throttle/brake control law. Throttle and brake actuators are controlled by the throttle/brake control law so that the vehicle acceleration tracks the desired acceleration designed based on the vehicle speed and distance control algorithm. A stepper motor and an electronic vacuum booster have been used for the throttle and brake actuators. The throttle and brake actuators have been tested and the actuator dynamics has been incorporated in simulation study. The uncertainties of vehicle model have been considered in the design of the control law. The effect of throttle/brake control has been investigated via simulations. The simulations were performed using a complete nonlinear vehicle model. The results indicate that the proposed control law can provide the stop and go cruise control system with a good distance and velocity tracking performance.


A use-effectiveness study was carried out among the patients who had the Copper-7 device inserted at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur Malaysia during the years 1972-75. The study included nearly 500 insertions carried out by 52 physicians both experienced and unexperienced ones. Net cumulative rates for 3 years of use of the device are tabulated including reasons for termination. The acceptability was high during the 1st year. The continuation rate for the 2nd year however was no higher than for the Lippes Loop D. The poor rate of performance is attributed to removal or planning of pregnancy due to the low age and parity status of the group under study. Accidental pregnancy rates were higher than previously reported for this device. Rates for expulsion and for bleeding and/or pain were generally lower than previously reported. This may be due to the fact that most of the women under study were parous. It is concluded that the use-effectiveness of the Copper-7 in the clinic under study is acceptable despite the relative inexperience of the inserting physicians.


Sensors that can accurately measure canopy structures are prerequisites for development of advanced variable-rate sprayers. A 270° radial range laser sensor was evaluated for its accuracy in measuring the dimensions of target surfaces with complex shapes and sizes. An algorithm for data acquisition and three-dimensional (3-D) canopy image construction were designed and processed with an embedded computer. Test targets included three beach balls at three heights, a rectangular box, a cylinder, two artificial trees, and three field-grown ornamental trees. Other variables included 2, 3, 4, and 5 m detection distances and sensor travel speeds of 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, and 8.0 km h-1. The laser sensor measurements of the test targets were statistically similar with the actual measurements. The average root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation (CV) varied slightly with detection distance and travel speed. Among all the dimension measurements in the ranges of 0.58 to 2.54 m in the X direction, 0.58 to 2.54 m in the Y direction, and 0.58 to 2.94 m in the Z direction, the highest average RMSE of 68 mm occurred in the Z direction and the highest average CV of 8.6% occurred in the Y direction. Similarity of paired images from the laser sensor and a camera was greater than 0.85 for all targets. These tests confirmed the capability of the laser sensor and the algorithm to accurately measure complex-shaped targets, offering potential for integration of the sensor and algorithm into sprayers that would make real-time adjustment of spray outputs to match plant structures and travel speeds.


Aiming at frequency band derangement and overlap in convolution-type wavelet packet, an improved one is proposed.Exchanging the order of sub-nodes originated from father nodes sequenced in even serial numbers,the frequency band derangement is removed.Introducing two operators eliminating the frequencies outside the pass bands of low and high frequency sub-bands, the frequency band overlap is forced to be avoided.The simulated fault signals and endurance test datasets of a helicopter intermediate gearbox are respectively collected to certificate the improved convolution-type wavelet packet.The results show that the improved convolution-type wavelet packet enables to expediently and effectively detect the fault features submerged in strong interference owing to the elimination of frequency aliasing,frequency band overlap and derangement.


A new model for broadcast in wormhole-routed networks is proposed. The model uses and extends the concept of dominating sets in order to systematically develop efficient broadcast algorithms for <italic>all-port</italic> wormhole-routed systems, in which each node can simultaneously transmit messages on different outgoing channels. In this paper, two broadcast algorithms for two-dimensional (2D) mesh networks are presented. In the first approach, the source node uses a multicast algorithm to deliver the message to a set of <italic>dominating nodes</italic>, which can subsequently deliver the message to all other nodes in the network in a single message-passing step. This algorithm requires at most [log<subscrpt>2</subscrpt><italic>N</italic>] steps, where <italic>N</italic> is the total number of nodes in the network, although in many cases only [log<subscrpt>2</subscrpt><italic>N</italic>]−1 steps are needed. The second algorithm, called the <italic>D-node</italic> algorithm, reduces the number of steps by using multiple levels of dominating nodes in a recursive manner. For square meshes containing <italic>N</italic>=2<supscrpt>2(<italic>k</italic>+2)</supscrpt> nodes, <italic>k</italic>≥0, the D-node algorithm requires at most <italic>k</italic>+4 steps. Similar upper bounds are shown to hold for meshes of other sizes and shapes. For specific source nodes and mesh shapes, the number of steps is shown to equal the theoretical lower bound of [log<subscrpt>5</subscrpt><italic>N</italic>]. A simulation study confirms the advantage of the D-node algorithm, under various system parameters and conditions, over other broadcast algorithms.


Power converters capable of operation at cryogenic temperatures are anticipated to play an important role in the power system architecture of future NASA deep space missions. Design of such converters to survive cryogenic temperatures will improve the power system performance, and reduce development and launch costs. Aerospace power systems are mainly a DC distribution network. Therefore, DC/DC and DC/AC converters provide the outputs needed to different loads at various power levels. Recently, research efforts have been performed at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) to design and evaluate DC/DC converters that are capable of operating at cryogenic temperatures. This paper is a summary of the research performed to evaluate the low temperature performance of five DC/DC converters. Various parameters were investigated as a function of temperature in the range of 20/spl deg/C to -196/spl deg/C. Data pertaining to the output voltage regulation and efficiency of the converters is presented and discussed.


Introduction: The increased rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or failure of antioxidant mechanisms leads to the oxidative stress, which is a ethiopatological factor of many systemic diseases and may have an adverse effect on the healing process. Saliva, equipped with antioxidative mechanisms is an important defense against ROS. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant profile parameters of saliva (total oxidant stress and total antioxidant capacity) in smoking and non-smoking patients undergoing surgical extraction of third molars. Material and methods: The study was performed in a group of 30 patients who underwent a surgical extraction of partly impacted third molars. A sample material for testing in the form of saliva was collected from the patients before the surgery and 7 to 10 days after surgical treatment. The acquired material was assessed taking into account its antioxidant profile: TOS (total oxidant stress), and TAC (total antioxidative capacity). Results: Statistically after the surgical treatment in the group of non-smokers, the TAC level was higher (p = 0.042), the TOS level in the group of male smokers was statistically higher (p < 0.05). In non-smoking male group the TAC level was statistically higher (p = 0.046). Conclusions: It was observed an impact of surgical treatment in the oral cavity on the antioxidative – oxidative status of saliva. It was found beneficial in the group of non-smokers and smoke free men (TAC increased) and unfavorable in the group of male smokers (TOS increased).


The article presents modern approaches to the diagnosis of proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. On the basis of pathogenesis, changes in genes that can be the basis of hereditary predisposition to the disease have been identified, and it is now considered that the pathogenesis of diabetes is multifactorial, but genetic risk factors play a fundamental role in it. Recent genome studies have revealed several genetic loci involved in pathogenesis, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms of pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy have been found to be diverse and complex, but genetic factors that probably determine the susceptibility of patients to the disease, as well as the differences in the frequency of diabetic retinopathy between individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, play an important role in them. In the course of our study it was found that polymorphic loci of VEGF rs2010963, AKR1B1 rs759853, ITGA2 rs2910964, ADRB3 rs4994, APOE rs7412, APOE 429358 genes, considered independently of each other, are not related to the development of diabetic retinopathy in the studied group of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. In our opinion, the negative result of this study is due to the heterogeneity of the studied group in terms of age and experience of diabetes mellitus, as well as its different compensation. These known risk factors for diabetic retinopathy may have prevented the identification of weaker genetic predispositions.


A bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of 300 mg ranitidine was carried out in 16 healthy volunteers (8 men and 8 women), and the pharmacokinetics in both sexes were compared. There was bioequivalence of both formulations. The terminal half‐life of ranitidine was 7% shorter and the oral apparent clearance 10.5% higher in women (1.44 L/h/kg) than in men (1.29 L/h/kg), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No differences were observed in maximum concentration (Cmax) or the time of its occurrence (tmax). Sex, age, and weight did not correlate significantly with oral clearance. These results suggest that there are no sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine, or that any differences would not be of clinical relevance. It also should be emphasized that bioequivalence trials also can be used to study other pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic characteristics of drugs without damaging the main endpoint of the study.


An analysis of trajectories and positions in the field of economic activity and their joints with individual profiles, especially in terms of human capital, often confined to paid employment and the labour market. But some paths can be explored within this framework strict. Among them, those carried out by individuals who have decided to implement a business project are of great interest. On the one hand, they provide a fertile ground for the analysis of some exit strategies in unemployment, employment and investment in forms of work other than employees. On the other hand, in the current climate of under-employment, consideration is the need to consider measures likely to boost demand for labour. Business creation and development of selfemployment are probably two ways to achieve this dynamic. The study of setting up business is therefore of importance indisputable. Our goal in this article is to determine the role of human capital of a contractor to the growth and development of its business, to measure the impact of the criteria for informality and the kind on the growth of the company. For this purpose, several regressions ordered logit model were applied on employment surveys from households.


This paper utilized a theoretical approach to examine the impact of customer loyalty on organizational performance. The paper identified some benefits of customer loyalty as increase profitability, business growth, enhanced firm effectiveness and reduced cost of operations. Some drivers of customers loyalty identified are: improved product quality, extended warranties, reduction in marketing and service cost, honest and quality feedback, improve brand image. The paper concluded that that customer loyalty is vital for improved organizational performance as sales volume accrued from repeated purchases helps to increase market share and improves profitability of the organization. In addition, customer loyalty intention serves as firm growth strategy and competitive advantage over rivals in the market arena. It is recommended among others that managements should make customer intention a key part of their strategy to achieve organizational growth. Besides, since attraction and retention of customers contributes significantly to overall organization's performance, managements should ensure that they preset and offer high quality products, and quality service delivery to their customers as these will ensure reduced risks of the customers witching brands to competitions product. In addition, organizations should put in place effective customer's intention programs such as longer warranties, new ands, and recognitions to enhance their chances of retaining their valuable customers.

https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEBM/VOL. 8 NO. 5 2022/IMPACT OF CUSTOMER.pdf


The Republic of China was a very special cultural period in Chinese history.And as a gender group,the different female images in media are always distinctly corresponded with different cultural connotations.Based on the female images in the films of the Republican period,the author intends to organize the conscious correlations between them and that social culture in the construction of their movie images.


Abstract In this study, we presented a mono-window (MW) algorithm for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 TIRS. MW needs spectral radiance and emissivity of thermal infrared bands as input for deriving LST. The spectral radiance was estimated using band 10, and the surface emissivity value was derived with the help of NDVI and vegetation proportion parameters for which OLI bands 5 and 4 were used. The results in comparison with MODIS (MOD11A1) products indicated that the proposed algorithm is capable of retrieving accurate LST values, with a correlation coefficient of 0.850. The industrial area, public facilities and military area show higher surface temperature (more than 37 °C) in comparison with adjoining areas, while the green spaces in urban areas (34 °C) and forests (29 °C) were the cooler part of the city. These successful results obtained in the study could be used as an efficient method for the environmental impact assessment.


Dry etching of undoped, n- and p-type GaN films has been carried out in a planar type inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system. The effect of etching conditions on surface morphology and optical properties of GaN films etched in Cl2/Ar discharges was studied. All the GaN films showed overall similar etching behavior at 700 W ICP, 150 W rf, 40 mTorr, and 25% Cl2. The surface roughness was relatively independent of the rf power up to 150 W, resulting in quite smooth morphology (root-mean-square roughness 1.1–1.3 nm), while etching at higher chuck powers (>200 W) produced rougher surfaces due to increased ion bombardment. The lattice disorder and point defect density were lower during the ICP etching compared with reactive ion etching. The intensity of the band edge peak of as-grown n-GaN was decreased after the ICP etching, and the extent of intensity decrease was inversely proportional to the applied chuck power. By contrast, the as-grown p-GaN showed a weak intensity of band edge emission, but the peak shi...


With the popularization of smartphones, the technology of moving human behavior recognition utilizing smartphones has drawn wide attention of scholars. However, due to the limited computing power of smartphones, it is difficult for them to stably run recognition systems with highly complex. In addition, when a behavior switches, the transitional action is also difficult to recognize. To address these defects, this paper first proposes a feature extraction method using gait periodicity to extract characteristics of moving human behavior quickly and effectively. Secondly, a recognition framework combining SVM and the D-S evidence theory is proposed to recognize transitional action. A series of experiments and their results show that the both proposed methods can improve accuracy rate of moving human behavior recognition to 95.5%.


This study investigated the ability of students in a pre-service teacher education course to deploy pattern language (or professional lexicon) related to specific inclusive teaching strategies. The study sought to determine whether there were differential effects of two approaches to learning, one based on a field-based placement (Applied Experience) and the other employing an embedded course design approach (Embedded Design). The results indicate that pattern language frequency and sophistication increased significantly over time. Results also indicate that pre-service teachers' use and sophistication of pattern language differed according to the structure of the university learning approach employed. The findings are discussed within the context of Embedded Design theory and the role of Applied Experience in pre-service inclusive education, as well as within the context of building more rigorous teacher preparation programmes.


Introduction: The reconstruction of surgical defects after tumor resection in head and neck oncological surgery uses various techniques, which should preferably be performed at the same time. At the top of the so-called "Reconstructive ladder" are the Microvascular free flaps. Usually performed by plastic surgeons, any obstacle to their access should not preclude other surgeons, working in the field of head and neck surgery, the ability to offer their patients this type of reconstruction. Thus, one can see increasingly, the mastery of these techniques by surgeons with different training areas, including otolaryngologists.  Methods: Clinical case report and literature review  Results: We present the case of a 47-year-old patient with a squamous-cell carcinoma of the left tonsil (pT2N2b) to whom we proposed a partial pharyngectomy with reconstruction with radial forearm free flap. Two senior surgeons of the ENT Department of the IPOLFG (Portuguese Oncological Institute at Lisbon) with extensive experience in oncological head and neck surgery, but without experience as primary surgeons in microvascular reconstruction, developed a prior preparation program that included training sessions with cadaver forearm free flap raising and vascular anastomosis in laboratory rats. The surgery was performed in September 2011 with chemoradiotherapy in November and December 2011 and with good viability of the flap to date and good functional results.  Conclusions: With proper training and preparation, reconstruction with microvascular free flaps can (and should) be achieved by otolaryngologists dedicated to head an neck surgery


The computer program EPITHET was used to calculate the fast neutron flux (>1 MeV) in several reactor pressure tubes and experimental facilities in order to compare the fast neutron flux in the different cases and to provide a self-consistent set of flux values which may be used to relate creep strain to fast neutron flux. The facilities considered are shown below together with the calculated fast neutron flux (>1 MeV). (auth)


Accordance with formation characteristic of Jidong Oilfield with complex reservoirs, stratum and underground well network, finding optimal well structure suitable for horizontal well in Jidong Oilfield, is of great importance. Determination of pressure coefficient and related parameters is important basis for casing programming. Against complex characteristics of formation and reservoirs in different blocks of Jidong Oilfield and key instances of casing programming, distribution condition of three pressure profile in different blocks is analyzed by technology for prediction of three-pressure profile, and specific distribution range of three pressure coefficient and engineering coefficient range of casing programming are gained according to determination principle and method of relevant parameters, researches in many years and drilling practice, which provides basis for reasonable determination of well structure. Based on the above design, according to basic principle of casing programming, optimal well structure of horizontal well suitable for Jidong Oilfield is designed by specific method and procedure of casing programming.


This research explains semantic publishing of information technology awareness in rural areas among electronic government readiness in Republic of Iraq. However, this paper will attempt at reviewing the literature that pertain to this topic in general. At the same time an attempt at reviewing three countries models in India, Brazil, and Taiwan will be made. This is so because, these countries are trying to develop and enhance Electronic Government (EG) project through a publish information system in rural areas of their various countries. This study explains and attempt at proposing a new project in Iraq. The proposal is towards publishing Information Technology (IT) over all governorates in the whole of Iraq. Its main objective is to publish IT in Iraq as a whole. Finally, it aims at decreasing the challenges and issues in different countries with regard to the aforementioned topic. This study will also benefits Iraq by getting to share experiences from other countries. The experiences acquired will help in overcoming the anticipated problems or barriers that may be encountered in the process of applying IT kiosks project in Iraq or any country. At present most developing countries around the world are not using IT kiosk in most of the rural areas, therefore this study is timely.


Vehicles recognition is important and can be used in many security applications. Towards this goal, we present in this paper a vehicles recognition system based on SIFT features and the use of SVM to classify the types of cars. A benchmark of pictures (BMW and Mercedes) was used to clarify the benefits of the proposed method.


Given a finite set A of integers, we define its restricted sumset A ˆ+ A to be the set of sums of two distinct elements of A - a subset of the sumset A + A - and its difference set A − A to be the set of differences of two elements of A . We say A is a restricted-sum-dominant set if | A ˆ+ A | > | A − A | . Though intuition suggests that such sets should be rare, we present various constructions of such sets and prove that a positive proportion of subsets of { 0 , 1 , . . . n − 1 } are restricted-sum-dominant sets. As a by-product, we improve on the previous record for the maximum value of ln( | A + A | ) / ln( | A − A | ), and give some related discussion.


Abstract. A classical problem of additive white (spatially uncorrelated) Gaussian noise suppression in grayscale images is considered. The main attention is paid to discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based denoising, in particular, to image processing in blocks of a limited size. The efficiency of DCT-based image filtering with hard thresholding is studied for different sizes of overlapped blocks. A multiscale approach that aggregates the outputs of DCT filters having different overlapped block sizes is proposed. Later, a two-stage denoising procedure that presumes the use of the multiscale DCT-based filtering with hard thresholding at the first stage and a multiscale Wiener DCT-based filtering at the second stage is proposed and tested. The efficiency of the proposed multiscale DCT-based filtering is compared to the state-of-the-art block-matching and three-dimensional filter. Next, the potentially reachable multiscale filtering efficiency in terms of output mean square error (MSE) is studied. The obtained results are of the same order as those obtained by Chatterjee's approach based on nonlocal patch processing. It is shown that the ideal Wiener DCT-based filter potential is usually higher when noise variance is high.


Activated sludge was tested for its ability to remove Cu2+ from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters (initial pH, initial Cu2+ concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature) on Cu2+ adsorption were evaluated. The Langmuir isotherm model well described the adsorption of Cu2+ onto activated sludge. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was appropriate for describing the kinetic performance of the sorption. Furthermore, Webber–Morris models indicated that the sorption of Cu2+ was generally found to involve with the intraparticle diffusion process. Parameters of adsorption thermodynamic suggested that the interaction of Cu2+ adsorbed by sludge was spontaneous and exothermic. Activated sludge was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and results showed that active groups such as –OH, –COOH, –NH2 were involved in Cu2+ adsorption. Zeta potential analysis demonstrated inner-sphere adsorption for Cu2+ adsorption on sludge.


Hospital is a high-risk organization. Crisis is a kind of continuous existent normality in the complex and changeful market environment. The author put forward viewpoints such as raising the consciousness of crisis monitoring to eliminate the crisis according to the experiences in SARS disaster, improving the ability of hospital crisis management and reducing the damage of crisis, turning the crisis into chances of hospital development.


In this pilot study we investigated the ability of five infants from 6 to 9 months of age to learn to drive the WeeBot, a mobile robot controlled by weight shift over a Wii balance board, over five training sessions. Infants demonstrated continued improvement in driving performance in a training protocol and in time-in-motion and goal-directed behavior during the free play sessions. The Wii provided a control system that appeared to be intuitive for the infants to use.


This article proposes and discusses the integral control of megawatt power electronic (MPE) systems. First, we propose that MPE systems share the common features defined as generalized hybrid systems (GHSs), where large-timescale continuous dynamic embodies the discrete process, while the discrete process embodies the small-timescale continuous switching transient. Then, we propose that such a GHS calls for an integral control of the "continuous–discrete–continuous" process, which considers the multiple timescales simultaneously. The necessity of an integral and simultaneous control in MPE over a separate control or hardware integrity is discussed. Then, the state-of-the-art control methods for the large-timescale "continuous–discrete" dynamics and the small-timescale "discrete–continuous" transients are reviewed within the context of GHSs. Based on the investigations, in-depth discussions are provided on why and how to combine the above separate methods to simultaneously control the multiple timescales and form an integral control. The need of the integral control is summarized. Two examples of a switching loss reduction and an electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance improvement in MPE systems are provided to demonstrate why and how to consider and control the multitimescale behaviors tightly and simultaneously. Future trends in the study of integral control for MPE are briefly discussed.


This paper uses time-frequency methods and neural networks for the analysis and forecasting of indoor temperature time series. In a first phase, the time series are processed by means of the Fourier transform and the empirical mode decomposition methods to unveil temporal patterns embedded in the data. In a second phase, neural networks are adopted for forecasting future values. The results obtained illustrate the effectiveness of the tools used and motivate further developments based on time-frequency techniques for designing the NN forecasting approach.


Our study analyzes the performance of hybrid mutual funds. Based on two extended Carhart models we determine total fund performance by comparing fund returns to investable fund-specific style benchmarks. Using daily returns and a quarterly measurement interval, we present an innovative return-based approach to decompose total performance into in-quarter abnormal performance and style-shifting performance. In addition, we split total style-shifting performance into active and passive components. In this context, we confirm possible benefits of these performance measures by analyzing several simulated investment strategies. Our empirical study covers 520 hybrid mutual funds from 10/1998 to 12/2009 and shows that hybrid mutual funds (i) do not outperform their benchmarks on average, (ii) partially show positive in-quarter abnormal performance and style-shifting abilities, and (iii) exhibit short-term persistence in in-quarter abnormal performance but not in style-shifting abilities.


Modern large-scale knowledge graphs, such as DBpedia, are datasets which require large computational resources to serve and process. Moreover, they often have longer release cycles, which leads to outdated information in those graphs. In this paper, we present DBpedia on Demand -- a system which serves DBpedia resources on demand without the need to materialize and store the entire graph, and which even provides limited querying functionality.


Human neonates exhibit individually distinctive patterns of variation—sometimes called cry "signatures"—in the acoustics of their cries. For tests of group differences (e.g., age, health status, or ambient language differences), the uniqueness of cry sounds to individuals means that multiple cries from same infant cannot appropriately be treated as independent events for analysis. This approach violates the assumption of independence that underlies many statistical techniques and runs the risk of uncovering "significant" group effects that do not actually exist. Nonetheless, publications continue to appear in which multiple cries from the same infant have been treated as independent events for analysis. To demonstrate the perils, we have compared the cries of infants born into a Mandarin Chinese language environment with cries of infants born into an American English language environment. We show (1) that treating each cry sound as an independent event yields numerous "significant" group effects and (2) that these effects all but disappear when cries are treated appropriately, as "nested" within individual infants. The latter outcome is in keeping with prevailing models of neonatal cry production and casts doubt on the claim that neonates alter their cries to match features of the language spoken in their environment.


Symbiosis is the ''living together'' of two or more organisms. In its broadest sense, symbiotic associations include parasitic and commensal as well as mutually beneficial partnerships. As is common in the ecophysiological literature, however, we use the term symbiosis in a narrow sense to refer to mutually beneficial associations between higher plants and microorganisms. Mutual benefits may not always be easy to determine, particularly for the microsymbiont. In this chapter benefits for the macrosymbiont (''host'') are often expressed in terms of ability to accumulate biomass. In an ecological context, benefits in terms of ''fitness'' may be more relevant but are rarely documented. In the mutually beneficial associations discussed in this chapter, nutrients or specific products of the partners are shared between two or three partners; the macrosymbiont and the microsymbiont(s). Parasitic associations between higher plants are dealt with in Chapter 9D; parasitic associations between microorganisms and higher plants are discussed briefly in this chapter, and more elaborately in Chapter 9C on effects of microbial pathogens. In Chapter 6 on mineral nutrition, we discussed numerous special mechanisms that allow some higher plants to acquire sparingly soluble nutrients from soils (e.g., excretion of carboxylates and phytosiderophores). We also pointed out (Sects. 2.2.5 and 2.2.6 of Chapter 6 on mineral nutrition) that some species are quite capable of growing on soils where P is sparingly available, without having a large capacity to excrete protons or carboxylates. How do these plants manage to grow? It is also obvious that special mechanisms to take up nutrients (e.g., N) are of little use, if the N is simply not there. Such plants must have alternative ways to acquire N. This chapter discusses associations between higher plants and microorganisms that are of vital importance for the acquisition of nutrients. Such symbiotic associations play a major role in environments where the supply of P, N, or immobile cations limits plant growth. In the rhizosphere (or elsewhere in the plant's immediate surroundings), mycorrhiza-forming fungi and N2-fixing bacteria or cyanobacteria may form symbiotic associations. For those species that are capable of such symbioses, it tends to be profitable for both the higher plant (macrosymbiont) and the microorganism (microsymbiont). Indeed, it is so profitable for the macrosymbiont that some plants are associated with more than one microsymbiont at the same time.


Foreword: After the Chinese Communist Party had convened the "Tenth National Congress" in August 1973, the call came from within the Party to "critize Lin Piao and Confucius," and the order was circulated to every locale and every unit on the mainland that an "office for criticizing Confucius" or "small group for criticizing Confucius" be established, [the purpose of which was] "to combine the criticism of Lin Piao with the rectification campaign and to develop a movement to criticize Confucius." Special articles written by Yang Jung-kuo, a professor at Chung Shan University, and others were published in Jen-min jih-pao [People's Daily] and Hung-ch'i [Red Flag] magazine, supporting the basic theme of "criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius" [and] "honoring the Legalist school and praising Ch'in Shih-huang."


Grey mould and stem-end rot affect the strawberry industry in Australia. Losses of 10% of the crop are equivalent to a loss of $46 million across the different growing areas. The effect of different fungicides on the control of grey mould and stem-end rot affecting 'Festival' strawberry plants was studied in south-east Queensland over three years. This work followed recent changes to the use pattern for the multi-site fungicides thiram and captan, which can now be used more regularly than previously in Australia. There was a restriction on the use of captan with no more than five sprays allowed in a season. Thiram could be used only up to the first flowering. A program based on captan and thiram along with several single-site fungicides during wet weather controlled grey mould and stem-end rot. These treatments in turn provided high marketable yields.
Applications of a plant-defence promoter, plant extracts, organic acids, fatty acids, a salt, four bacteria, and a fungus were not as successful as the standard program, even when the soft fungicides were applied alternately with thiram and captan. The plant-defence promoter acibenzolar-S-methyl, organic acids, B. subtilus (strain QST 713), B. amyloliquefaciens and potassium bicarbonate gave intermediate control. In contrast, B. subtilus (strain MBI 600), Streptomyces lydicus, Trichoderma harzianum, potassium salts of fatty acids, and two plant extracts were ineffective. A strategy based on thiram and captan applied alternately, with the addition of single-site fungicides during wet weather provided the best control of disease, with 3 to 4% losses. Control plots had losses of 25 to 38%.
The soft chemicals were less effective than the programs based on captan, thiram and single-site fungicides. The use of the thiram and captan in rotation with other fungicides from different chemical groups in wet weather will reduce the risk of fungicide resistance and extend the useful life of registered products. This strategy has not been available to growers previously.


Bandung Regency majority lived by Sundanese, is one of the regencies in West Java Province that has a variety of local wisdom. One of them is the local wisdom in the Lebakwangi area of Arjasari sub-district, which is the ngebakeun (bathing) ceremony that held every year on the 12th of Mulud. One of the activities is bathing kabuyutan gamelan instruments called Gamelan Embah Bandong. From the bathing (ngebakeun) activities and Gamelan Embah Bandong performance which was held at Bumi Alit (small house), Kabuyutan contains values such as friendship and togetherness. The purpose of this research is to find out and study in depth the activities and local wisdom in the Lebakwangi area. The method used in this research is descriptive in the qualitative form. According to the type of data needed, which is qualitative data then the data collection techniques is by using open interview techniques, observation, documentation studies and literature studies. As an implication of this study, among others, as recommendations for more in-depth research in the future, as well as recommendations to the government at both the District and Sub-district Bandung levels in an effort to preserve Sundanese historical sites and local wisdom that develops in the community.