The ideas of spacetime discreteness and causality are important in several of the popular approaches to quantum gravity. But if discreteness is accepted as an initial assumption, conflict with Lorentz invariance can be a consequence. The causal set is a discrete structure which avoids this problem and provides a possible history space on which to build a " path integral " type quantum gravity theory. Motivation, results and open problems are discussed and some comparisons to other approaches are made. Some recent progress on recovering locality in causal sets is recounted. On the occasion of his 60th birthday, this article is dedicated to Rafael Sorkin, without whom the causal set idea would not have survived its infancy. How can we reach a theory of quantum gravity? Many answers to this question have been proposed, motivated by different experiences and views of current theories [1]. A more specific set of questions might be: what demands should we put on our framework, so that it is best able to meet all the challenges involved in creating a theory of quantum gravity? What choices are most likely to give the correct theory, according to the clues we have from known physics? Are there any problems with our initial assumptions that may lead to trouble further down the road? The latter seems to be one of the most important strategic questions when beginning to formulate a candidate theory. For example, can a canonical approach overcome the multifaceted problem of time? And how far can a theory based on a fixed background spacetime be pushed? On the one hand, these questions may only be answered in the very attempt to formulate the theory. On the other, many such attempts have been made, and now that quantum gravity research has built up some history, perhaps it is time to plough some of the experience gained back into a new approach, laying the groundwork for our theory in such a way as to avoid well-known problems. The causal set program [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] represents such an attempt. In this review, some answers to the above questions, as embodied by the causal set program, are set out and explained, and some of their consequences are given. As part of this, the results and open problems in the program are discussed. In section 1, reasons for hypothesising spacetime discreteness are reviewed. The definition of a causal set …


Because the phenomenological analysis of the empirical sciences was seen by the founders of the phenomenological movement as part of the attempt to uncover the significance of man's relation to the modern world, its main concern has focused on the transition from ancient (Greek) to the beginnings of modern science in the seventeenth century. Heidegger said it with peculiar clarity in Die Frage nach dem Ding: the essential task of this research lies in spelling out the foundations of the new thematization, by which the seventeenth century philosophers and scientists appraised the thingness of things as a consequence of the mathematical projection of nature. And Heidegger thought the real innovation of twentieth century science was mainly the rise of statistical procedures used in quantum mechanics.' In contrast, Einstein's new theory of relativity does not seem to have met with a very sophisticated response from the phenomenologists. Speaking of this theory in his celebrated Vienna lecture "Philosophy and the Crisis of European Man" on 7 May I93 5, Husserl accounted for the revolutionary change brought about by Einstein's conceptions of space and time in terms of the formulas applied to an already idealized and naively objectivized nature, thus sending us straight back to the seventeenth century source of that idealization. "Einstein," he said, "does nothing to reformulate the space and time in which our actual life takes place."2 Not surprisingly Husserl devoted his most insightful work on the


We have previously demonstrated induction and high level expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha in the myocardium during the acute stage of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas' disease). The myocardial depressive effects of these cytokines are mediated in part by the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), production of nitric oxide (NO) and formation of peroxynitrite. In this study we investigated the expression, activity and localization of NOS isoforms, and the levels of NO, malondialdehyde (a measure of oxidative stress), and peroxynitrite in rats at 1·5, 5, 10 and 15 days after infection with T. cruzi trypomastigotes. The myocardial inflammatory infiltrate and number of amastigote nests increased over the course of infection. A significant increase in tissue nitrate + nitrite levels, NOS2 mRNA, and NOS2 enzyme activity was observed at all time points in the infected compared with uninfected animals. The enzyme activity of constitutive NOS, tissue malondialdehyde levels, and NOS3 mRNA levels was only transiently increased after infection. The protein levels of the NOS isoforms paralleled their mRNA expression. While no positive nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was detected in control myocardium, its levels increased in infected animals over time. Thus, by 1·5 days post‐infection, when no parasite or immune cell infiltration could be detected, the myocardium expressed high levels of NOS and NO metabolites. Nevertheless, the early production of NO in the myocardium was not sufficient to clear the parasites.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objectives: Correcting the caudal septum deviation is one of the most difficult parts of the septoplasty. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency and usefulness of traction suture method in caudal septum deviations. Methods: Medical records of 35 patients who underwent endonasal septoplasty using traction suture method for caudal septum deviation in August 2017-February 2019 period were studied retrospectively. Preoperative nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scores of the patients were compared with postoperative sixth month NOSE scores. Besides, preoperative nasal examination findings of the patients were compared with the ones in postoperative period. Results: Average age of the 35 patients (9 women and 26 men) in the study was 26.3 ± 10.1 years. Postoperative observations revealed that a straight septum was achieved in 31 patients (91.1%). Average pre- and postoperative NOSE scores were 85.1 ± 20.4 and 22.4 ± 4.2, respectively (P < 0.0001). Nasal obstruction was "much improved" in 19 patients (54.2%) and "improved" in 12 (37.1%), while 4 patients (8.6%) reported "no change." None of the patients developed postoperative complications. Conclusions: Traction suture method is a safe, efficient, and useful option to be used by surgeons for caudal septum deviation.


Local governments in the Phoenix metropolitan area have begun to create official government Facebook pages as an additional way to reach citizens. Using social media at the local government level seems to offer the promise of increased citizen engagement, reaching citizens on a common platform and allowing for citizen comments. This article explores those cities' Facebook pages for evidence of citizen engagement from the perspective of Farmer's speaking-from power and speaking-to power theoretical framework, illuminating the paradox between adopting a technology intended for many-to-many engagement and utilizing that technology in a one-to-many or authoritative manner. Through this exploratory investigation of Farmer's three layers—transparent, disciplinary symbolic, and cloacal symbolic—we find evidence that cities continue to take a speaking-from power stance on a platform that is designed to encourage speaking-to power.


This chapter addresses the challenge of building or authoring an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), along with the problems that have arisen and been dealt with, and the solutions that have been tested. We begin by clarifying what building an ITS entails, and then position today's systems in the overall historical context of ITS research. The chapter concludes with a series of open questions and an introduction to the other chapters in this part of the book.


This paper studies the library of one of the two scientific institutions that
turned into museum of sciences in the last third of 19th-Century Barcelona. The analysis
of the library of the so-called Martorell Museum, which was the Barcelona public
museum of science, shows significant features regarding how natural history consolidated
alongside some specific areas such as malacology.


ABSTRACT: Agricultural intensification to improve wheat yield has increased the demand for nitrogen fertilizers. This study aimed to investigate the wheat response in succession to soybean due to application of nitrogen rates and sources in top dressing, as well as to determine the N rates of maximum technical yield (MTY) and maximum economic yield (MEY). A field experiment was carried out in Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil, on a clayey Typic Hapludox (Oxisol) under a continuous no-till. A randomized block design was used, with 3 replications in a 4 × 3 complete factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of a control and 3 N rates at 40; 80 and 120 kg∙ha −1 as calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium sulfate (AS), and urea (UR) in top dressing at tillering of wheat crop. Increasing N SOIL AND PLANT NUTRITION - Article Nitrogen fertilization in top dressing for wheat crop in succession to soybean under a no-till system Shivelly Los Galetto 1 *, Angelo Rafael Bini , Adriano Haliski 1 , Danilo Augusto Scharr , Paulo Rogerio Borszowskei


On the 23rd of June 2016 the British public voted to leave the European Union. The result was narrow but conclusive: 52% voted to leave, but 48% to stay. Those wishing to remain tended to be younger, better educated and to live in prosperous cities such as London, or in Scotland. The campaign was criticised for an abundance of misleading 'factoids', a rejection of reliable and authoritative data and avuncular (and often witty) rejection of rational argument and careful analysis. The outcome surprised many, even some of those who voted for it. The reaction of the scientific community was generally of shock, horror and incomprehension. Those with an eye on political history were not so surprised. To quote a Conservative minister: "It is sad that an organisation which began with such high hopes, and to which this country has contributed so much in the past, should have gone so wrong". That was 1985 and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's minister for overseas development, Timothy Raison, was referring to the UK's decision to withdraw from the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Britain re-joined UNESCO in 1997. Perhaps the EU will be a very different organisation in ten years' time, and perhaps we will not have completely left it. The new Prime Minister, Theresa May, has been clear that "Brexit means Brexit". But what exactly does "Brexit" mean for members of the BSI? Does it really mean tearing down every agreement that has been made since we joined the EU in 1973? Does it mean that we cease to work with our European friends and colleagues? Surely the answer to both these questions must be 'no'. However, it is certainly true that for now that vote blights our ability to lead applications for European grant funding but how it will affect participation in collaborative consortia remains unclear. For now, we are still very much part of Europe and we remain Europeans. Key issues are money, commerce and mobility. The UK has been very successful in attracting EU science funding and it seems highly improbable that the UK government will be able or willing to make up the shortfall that will result from leaving the EU funding system. Between 2007 and 2013, the Office for National Statistics estimates that the UK put €5.4bn to the EU research budget and in return received €8.8bn of science funding. Given the negative impact of Brexit on the UK economy, how will we make up for that loss? There are special concerns over decisions that may be taken with respect to relocation of key organisations such as the European Medicines Agency and associated pharmaceutical business http:// www.reuters.com/article/us-britaineucorporates-pharmaceuticals-idUSKCN0 ZA26J, but these are yet to be resolved. Immunology shares with other branches of science an in-built internationalism that must continue to thrive whatever the political climate. UK scientists and institutions, working closely with colleagues in Europe and beyond, have always been at the forefront of immunology. The BSI's annual congress in December http://bsicongress.com/ – organised jointly with the Dutch Society for Immunology – will be a showcase of cutting-edge research from around the world and a great reminder of the rich internationalism in immunological research. These are exciting times for the discipline, with several promising new therapeutic approaches and innovations beginning to emerge after decades of substantial investment and scientific collaboration. In a changing landscape we must continue to celebrate and support our internationalism, recognising what can be achieved by scientists working together in the pursuit of shared goals. Great science is only made possible by great scientists. What does the result mean for friends, colleagues, and students who have come to the UK from overseas to study or contribute so valuably to vitally important research? The BSI's recent report on the internationalism https:// immunology.org/document.doc?id=1902 %20 makes several recommendations which should enable immunology to continue to flourish. We have been urging ministers, policy makers and funders to look at these proposals and consider how they can best work with us to build on our proud heritage in immunology in this new environment. Those of us who work in the discipline will be aware that the best labs are staffed with a rich mix of talented researchers from around the world and that our students and staff benefit from mobility programmes such as Erasmus and Marie Curie Fellowships (Fig. 1). The BSI is proud to represent members from every corner of the globe, from Europe to the Americas, the Middle East to Asia, Africa to Australasia, and we recognise the extraordinary contribution these researchers make to science in this country. In turn, UK scientists have the opportunity to work in, and learn from, the best labs overseas. We must do all we can to ensure that these collaborations remain and grow; all these gifted colleagues must continue to feel welcome in our laboratories, and UK scientists must be free to go wherever they need in order to broaden their horizons, learn new skills, and follow great science. International mobility is vitally important. Our community will be working hard to ensure immunologists can continue to feely participate in global teams, many of which have taken years to


This paper shows the results of a study that evaluated whether chronotype (morningness/eveningness characteristics) impact the way workers, in a 24 hours operating call-center, perceive their work. Chronotype was identified based on the Horne and Ostberg Questionnaire (1976). The Macroergonomics Design technique (Fogliatto and Guimarães, 1999) was used to raise data concerned with ergonomics such as working environment, workstation, work organization and the content of the task. Results indicate that the allocation of workers from their respective shifts underrates their morning/evening characteristics and that there is a higher susceptibility in evening subjects working in a morning shift: they have more complains about work environment issues (mainly illumination), have more difficulties in waking up in the morning and feel more tired in the morning shift. Because allocating workers in a shift that is not compatible with their natural cycle might contribute to illness and dissatisfaction, it is important to consider individual differences, such as chronotype, when hiring workers, so that they can be addressed to a shift more suitable to their natural needs.


This mini-review highlights issues related to the photo-triggered macroscopic response of azopolymer in supramolecular hydrogel and polymer vesicles. Cyclodextrin (CD) can form an inclusion complex with trans-azobenzene while cis-azobenzene is expelled out of the CD's cavity. This photo-reversible supramolecular host − guest interaction is used to trigger sol − gel transitions and to induce macroscopic assembly. When substituted azobenzene is located at chain ends of linear polyethylene glycol, monodisperse vesicles are formed exhibiting a photo-induced pulsating behavior. The macroscopic phase transition and assembly or pulsating behavior of azopolymers can be expected to have potential applications as smart biomedical materials. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry


The absence of informal social control is frequently thought to play a major role in levels of crime. Tet relatively little research has focused directly on the role of informal social control in high crime areas. This article based on ethnographic research describes a London housing estate that had statistically higher than average rates of crime and many of the design failures' of public housing. Tet crime was not perceived to be a problem' by the residents who lived there. The description suggests that particular features of the estate including its resident and demographic profile, geographic location, and the presence of some degree of informal social control enabled tenants to contain crime. The article concludes that the role of informal social control in high crime areas and the relationship between crime and public housing is more problematic than many commentators have suggested.


The use of information technologies, including the use of large databases, is a promising area of medicine. Databases are used in clinical medicine, healthcare organizations, hygiene, and occupational medicine. Studies based on a large number of observations make it possible to analyze the diagnosis, prognosis of diseases, evaluation of the rational use of medicines, epidemiology of diseases. Examples of successful use of databases in bioinformatics, biomedicine, systems biology, the study of prognostic indicators in various fields of medicine, the determination of reference values of laboratory indicators taking into account population characteristics are given. Healthcare data is plentiful, but it is stored in institutions, clinics, hospitals, registries or insurance companies, which leads to underutilization of resources, redundancy and inefficiency. An important long-term task is their integration. The review presents the requirements for databases, so that they are not just archival repositories, but databases that allow conducting research and analyzing data.


In view of the studies on V. parahaemolyticus conducted so far by the present author, the general consideration that all of the organisms occurring in city river-water are brought directly from sea-water environments is thought to be suspectable.Preliminary experiment indicated that the organisms could be isolated from city river-water which was allowed to stand for 24 hrs at room temperature after its collection in the daytime, and that the isolates could not survive for more than 5 hrs in the sterilized river-water.In the present study, the similar experiment was carried out with water samples collected in the midnight from a river within the town of Nagasaki. For plating after enrichment cultivation of river water, TCBS-agar medium was employed. Consequently, the similar results (Tables 2 and 3) were obtained. These results suggest that there may be an essential difference in susceptibility to lysis in river-water between the bacterial cells before and after isolation, and lead to the assumption that "specific" V. parahaemolyticus of considerably prolonged survival may be present in natural river-water. On the other hand, it was recognized that the isolation of the organisms from river water was inhibited on BS-broth medium (Table 4). This action appears to be associated with the survival mechanism. It was also confirmed that none of the organism was detected in river water filtered through Millipore filter (Table 5). Therefore, it is unlikely that the survivors were connected with filterable cells which were previously found to occur in the culture of the organisms by the present author. There is no apparent explanation for the occurrence of "specific" V. parahaemolyticus in city river-water at the present time, though it seems possible that the organisms might exist in non-halophilic form in natural river-water before isolation.


Diabetes is a worldwide public health challenge with a yearly increasing incidence. Many approaches using different machine learning classifiers have been developed for automatic diagnosis of diabetes. However, they mostly rely on a single classifier or a hybrid model to make the diagnosis decision, which might be weaker than a voted decision of multiple classifiers. In this study, we present an approach that combines three classifiers (i.e. Support vector machine, artificial neural network, and naïve bayes) to diagnose diabetes. The approach can adjust each classifier's weight based on their ability and history of making correct predictions. A rule that mixes majority voting and weights of classifiers was proposed and applied for the final diagnosis decision. The Pima Indians diabetes data set (268 diabetes patients and 500 normal subjects) was used in the work. A wrapper method was adopted to select features for classification. An experimental comparison of our method with other voting strategies and each single classifier used in our study demonstrated that our approach performed better in sensitivity.


Since mid-nineteenth century, Eurasian space has always been a place of political and cultural competition of several superpowers' national meta-narratives. Now the competition continues. Reverse post-colonialism with idea of European Union guilt before former European colonies, Muslim assault on Eurasia, idea of incessant Chinese expansion, Russian idea are the major competitors in ideological tense struggle. That who wins in this struggle, will dominate Eurasia not only in cultural sense, but politically too. A special attention is given in the paper to investigating the "Russian idea," a set of ideological stories having emerged in late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries within Eurasianism social movement. "Russian idea" has much in common with ideas of Slavophiles as it is to emphasise Russia's dominating role in Eurasia. The ideological and political influence of Russia on Eurasia reached its apogee at the end of the nineteenth century, during the reign of Alexander III. Now in his international Eurasian politics, Vladimir Putin obviously wishes to be a successor of the last Russian emperors. However, his administration was critically defeated in its Eurasian claims, due to internal ideological insolvency of Putin's regime in Siberia and external factors such as Chinese economic and trading Crusade on the whole of Eurasia.


Szklary Massif is situated 7 km from Ząbkowice Śląskie (SW Poland). In the area of this geological unit, nickel ore was discovered. It was exploited since the XIX century until 1982 when the smelter and mine were closed. The closure was related to the lack of rich ore and proper, sufficient enrichment technology. The next significant issue was the rare hazard – the occurrence of asbestos. However, the new perspective is related to the list of critical metals. The first list was published by the European Commission in 2011, the second one in 2014 and the latest one in 2017. The listed critical metals might become a new stream of revenue for the mining project in Szklary. The planned mining activity should be considered within the circular economy system. It is a trend in the European Union and possibly is going to be obligatory for investors in the future. Modern enrichment methods and possibilities for asbestos neutralization should be also taken into account. The article shows the recent land use within ...


Based on the differential equation of beam section, two methods for beam on Winkler foundation in complex conditions are presented with displacement, angular rotation, moment and shear compatibility conditions of the two adjacent beam elements utilized. Together with the two moment boundary conditions at beam ends, (4n+2) equations can be got. In order to obtain analytic solution, two additional equations are required. The first method to obtain additional equations is depended on the principles of minimum potential energy and virtual work, and the second one makes advantage of boundary conditions of shear at two beam ends. The proposed methods in this paper can be used to compute beam on Winkler foundation in complex conditions which include complex beam conditions, such as variable Young's modules and section, complex foundation conditions, namely variable coefficient of subgrade reaction, and complex loads consisting of concentrated force, moment and random distributed load. The displacement equations both for beam elements and for the whole beam, which have same structure as the classic Hetenyi solution, can be derived from the proposed method. Therefore, the equations for angular rotation, moment and shear of the beam can also be obtained from their differential relationship with displacement equation. The computation of an example shows that the results by the proposed method are consistent with that by the finite element method when the elements are small enough. Furthermore, element partition in the proposed method is thoroughly different from that in the classic finite element method even the former is belong to the later in the overall meaning.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


1. SYNOPSIS There are many applications in which the automatic detection and recognition of text embedded in images is useful .These applications include multimedia systems, digital libraries and Geographical information systems. When machine generated text is printed against clean backgrounds .it can be converted to a computer readable form(ASCII) using current Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology. However, text is often printed against shaded or textured backgrounds or is embedded in images. A system that automatically extracts and detect text in images is proposed .This system consist of four phases .First, by treating the text as distinctive texture, a texture segmentation sheme is used to focus attention on regions where it may occur. Second, strokes are extracted from the segmented text regions. Using reasonable heuristics on text strings, such as height similarity ,spacing and alignment ,the


The utility model provides a steel bar connector, belongs to the connecting element of steel bar, and comprises two jaws respectively with a semicylinder in the middle part; a groove matched with the external thread of the rebar is arranged on the internal surfaces of the semicylinders; a straight edge with a hole is arranged on the two sides of the semicylinder respectively; the two jaws are fixed together tightly by the connecting part so that the ends of steel bars can be fixedly connected. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient field construction and high connecting intensity, and is applied in building construction.


Application of imaging technology assists careful analysis of petrophysical properties without the need to destroy sample. In this paper, methods of medical and dental CT-scans are applied for porosity determination in 20 core samples from Persian Gulf coastal zone, Zagros basin and compared with routine porosity measurement. The core samples were salt, sandstone, marl, calcite-carbonate and dolomite-carbonate collected from Gachsaran, Aghajari, Dalan, Asmari and Kangan formations in Zagros basin. Digital rock images were obtained using dental CT scan with a resolution of 200 pixel per μm and medical CT scan with a resolution of 100 pixel per μm. For analysis of dental and medical CT scans, OnDemand3D and PACSPLUS CD Viewer softwares were used respectively. In addition to dental and medical methods, average porosity was determined using nitrogen porosimeter and compared with imaging measurements. Results showed that average porosity obtained from laboratory method is in good agreement with two other methods. The results of this study illustrate that the use of dental CT-scan is superior to measure the petrophysical properties of porous rocks. CT-scan method responded well for sandstone and calcite-carbonate rocks, but not good enough to evaluate dolomite-carbonate, marl and salt rocks.


The paper proposes technique for controlled commutation of energy on a dielectric surface when affected by ultraviolet radiation, formed during electric explosion of wires. Commutation characteristic of discharge can be controlled by changing intensity of surface irradiation and number of commutation channels by changing number of exploded wires. This technique, combined with other factors, is used for formation of trailing of voltage (current) at accelerating tube of direct action accelerator IGUR-3. Exploded wires are placed inside polyethylene pipes 7 m long. With simultaneous changes of electrical field strength along the length of the pipe, steepness of rise of voltage pulse, and intensity of ultraviolet radiation, duration of the trailing edge the pulse can be set from 20 ns up to 250 ns. Speed of discharge on the pipe's surface does not depend upon its length and is, respectively, 3/spl middot/10/sub 8/...3/spl middot/10/sup 7/ m/s.


Based on the computer information technology of the smart grid, an online detection method of a transformer fault is proposed. The relay protection operation and maintenance technology is used for on-line monitoring of transformer status. Each device status sampling unit is combined with the IEC61850-9 protocol interface and then the transformer operating status is estimated in different transformer models .The fault detection function is constructed according to the estimated status to detect sudden faults online. Analyze and propose maintenance plan using relay protection operation and maintenance technology, combine each equipment unit with the IEC61850-9 protocol interface, and analyze the main maintenance work, operation and maintenance items, and overhaul measures of equipment. The simulation results show that this method can detect sudden and potential faults that lead to changes in transformer winding parameters.


Light transition model in homogenous fog has extensive applications. Nowadays it is used to estimate scene distance and used for 3-D reconstruction especially in traffic scene. This is because the whole road could be identified as uniform. However, the foundation requite for these application is the current weather condition is the homogenous fog weather condition which is presupposed and not identified by most of the authors. A methodology for homogenous fog weather condition recognition for transport scene based on texture analysis and light transition model is presented in this paper. Firstly, a narrow area containing the sky and road is extracted based on texture analysis. This narrow area should be consistent from the top to bottom of scene background. Secondly, mean value for each line is calculated and saved. We call these data Mean Pixel Values (MPV). These values are sorted from the top to the bottom and fitted by mathematics function. Finally, the mathematic function style is compared with exponential function. If the mathematic function we calculated is an exponential function, then the current weather condition is homogenous fog condition, otherwise, other weather conditions. We test our algorithm by using traffic scene in four weather conditions. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.


This study is devoted to monitoring the state of ethnic relations within Russian society and to Russian citizens' perceptions of relations between countries. A more narrow aim is to provide a pilot description of autostereotypes and heterostereotypes characteristic of Russian citizens in their perceptions of members of various nationalities inhabiting Russia, as well as a description of stereotypes with regard to how Russian citizens perceive the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Europe as their immediate neighbors in geopolitical space.


Carbonated water injection (CWI) is a technology with significant sweep efficiency advantages in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), but the mechanism of the microscopic diffusion of CO2 is still unclear. In this study, the diffusion mechanism of CO2 from the aqueous phase to the oleic phase in a carbonated water (CW)–decane system was investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation method. This investigation also explored the diffusion capacity and interface properties of the CW–decane system. We found that the movement of CO2 from the aqueous phase to the oleic phase can be divided into two processes: the accumulation behavior of CO2 moving from the aqueous phase to the interface, and the dissolution behavior of CO2 moving from the interface to the decane phase. The increase in the temperature and CO2 concentration in carbonated water can improve the decane phase's diffusion ability and reduce the water–decane interfacial tension. The difference in the interactions between water–CO2 and decane–CO2 provides a driving force for the diffusion of CO2 between aqueous and oleic phase. The temperature increase intensifies the degree of diffusion and improves the diffusion rate of CO2 from the aqueous phase to the oleic phase. The diffusion coefficient results show that CO2 significantly enhances the oleic phase's diffusion properties. In addition, the affinity of water for CO2 is increased by the hydrogen bond, and it provides a mechanism for the accumulation behavior of CO2. Further, the temperature significantly improves the CO2 diffusion ability at the interface, which promotes CO2 leaving the interface and weakens the accumulation behavior. This work provides useful information for guiding carbonated water injection to improve the recovery mechanism of enhanced oil.


The banking industry is currently facing a number of challenges driven by the regulatory requirements, low or even negative interest rates and margin compression. As a result, active and conscious balance sheet management has increased in importance and banks are required to optimize and allocate resources very precisely to their businesses. There is a clear need for maximization of the assets income, redesign of the funding mix to achieve the lower funding costs and, at the same time, to respect regulatory requirements. This article verifies the hypotheses that the application of the optimization technique improves the management of the banking book in terms of quantifiable impact on a bank's P&L and that the funds transfer pricing (FTP) process could be used as a mean to achieve the target position of a bank. It proposes a two-step approach to prove the above hypotheses, i.e. the application of the decision model and the FTP process. In addition, the article provides the reader with the main concepts of the FTP process, FTP landscape and details regarding the Balance Sheet shaping.


Abstract Many dynamical systems of different complexity, e.g. 1D logistic map, the Lorentz equations, or real phenomena, like turbulent convection, show chaotic behaviour. Despite huge differences, the dynamical scenarios for these systems are strikingly similar: chaotic bands are born through the series of period doubling bifurcations and merge through interior crises. Within chaotic bands periodic windows are born through the tangent bifurcations, preceded by the intermittent behaviour. We demonstrate such behaviour in models of pulsating stars.


While the receiver function technique has been successfully applied to high‐resolution imaging of sharp discontinuities within and across the lithosphere, it suffers from severe limitations when applied to seafloor seismic recordings. This is because the water and sediment layer could strongly influence the receiver function traces, making detection and interpretation of crust and mantle layering difficult. This effect is often referred to as the singing phenomena in marine environments. We demonstrate, using analytical and synthetic modeling, that this singing effect can be reversed using a selective dereverberation filter tuned to match the elastic property of each layer. We apply the dereverberation filter to high‐quality earthquake records collected from the NoMelt seismic array deployed on normal, mature Pacific seafloor. An appropriate filter designed using the elastic properties of the underlying sediments, obtained from prior studies, greatly improves the detection of Ps conversions from the Moho (∼8.6 km) and from a sharp discontinuity (<∼5 km) across the lithosphere asthenosphere transition (∼72 km). Sensitivity tests show that the dereverberation filter is mostly sensitive to the two‐way travel time of the shear wave in sediment and is robust to seismic noise and small errors in the sediment properties. Our analysis suggests that selectively filtering out the sediment reverberations from ocean seismic data could make inferences on subsurface structure more robust. We expect that this study will enable high‐resolution receiver function imaging of the oceanic plate across the growing ocean bottom seismic arrays being deployed in the global oceans.


The main purpose of this research is the study of the interrelationships in telemedicine-telehealth network generated by the introduction of new technologies in health system. The most important objectives of this research can be synthesized as: to investigate the impact of new technologies in health network, analyzing the creation of telemedicine telehealth network, to study the evolution of relationships between doctor and patient, among health organizations and between an health organization and its personnel, to analyse the interrelationships in telemedicine-telehealth network and their impact on creation and delivery of e-health services


The technological revolution of the twentieth century has provided historians with new sources of documentation for their research. With the advent of video technology, the researcher has access to new types of visual information about people, places, objects, and interactions. Just as the development of audio recording technology in the 1940s stimulated the field of oral history, the ease and low cost of video technology in the 1970s offered new opportunities for the historian interested in using visual documentation. Self-conscious and structured historical documentation with video -often called videohistoryprovides an essential component of research for historians interested in material culture, the use of objects, and the relationships of people to one another and to their environments. Many historians have also found videohistory an excellent way to capture the history of people and communities who do not leave extensive written documentation. Visual information, then, supplements and complements documentary evidence, audiotaped oral histories, and artifacts. The historian who uses the video medium to study a person's environment (and ways of interacting with that environment) and material culture encounters a density of information rarely found in other forms of historical documentation. The words, background, objects, and movements each tell a separate story; when analyzed together, the subtle relationships between them provide an information total greater than the sum of the parts. Individual scholars and projects nationwide have created a wide range of videohistory materials that are now available for research use. Videohistory collections contain visual portraits of scientists, politicians, doctors, teachers, and artists. A video camera captured veterans discussing their Vietnam experience and a group of women scientists from Los Alamos recalling the first atomic bomb test. Videohistorians have recorded processes of traditional food preparation by southwestern native Americans, dairy farming by Minnesotans, and clockmaking by New Englanders to document rapidly changing life-styles. Videohistorians have preserved glimpses of life in the city and rural towns, in the laboratory and the slate quarry, on the farm and in the factory. Videohistory collections mirror the diversity of


In this paper, a wideband-spreading CDMA (W-CDMA) is proposed to transmit high quality speech and high speed data including Group 3 facsimile and 64 kbps unrestricted data. The maximum capacity is 64 channel per microcell without sectorization and voice activity detection. The proposed scheme is to be the standard of the radio air interface in 1.85 to 1.99 GHz personal communication services.


:- The purpose of this study was to analyze of the effect of Capital Intensity Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Asset(ROA)on Effective Tax Rate. This research uses quantitative methods. The population of this study is companies includedin the LQ 45 index for the 2018 - 2019period. The sample in this study were 78 companies. Data processing using Microsoft Excel and EViews 8. The analytical tool used is panel data regression estimation analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Capital Intensity Ratio has no significant effect on the Effective Tax Rate, (2) Leverage has a positive effect on Tax Aggressiveness, (3) Profitability has a negative effect on the Effective Tax Rate.


Inter-area transfer power is a key factor affecting the damping of electromechanical oscillation. This paper presents an output-only based inter-area transfer capability (ITC) assessment method considering small signal stability constraint. Based on the construction of an equivalent two-machine system (ETmS) of an interconnected power grid, the measurements-based approach for estimating the parameters of the ETmS was studied. Then, we developed an optimization model with a maximum ITC target and damping as constraint. Under the premise of using recursive adaptive stochastic subspace identification (RASSI) to extract the oscillation modes (frequency and damping) from the ambient data, the optimization model was solved by employing the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated using numerical simulations on the IEEE 16-machine 68-bus test system and measured data from a real system.


The period between 1994 and 2003 witnessed an avalanche of bad corporate governance in the Nigerian Banking Sector culminating in the collapse of 36 banks altogether. This ugly situation forced the Central Bank of Nigeria to embark on the policy of 'Bank Consolidation' which reduced the number of banks in Nigeria to 25 and strengthened their capital and asset bases as at 31st December, 2005.The period between 2005 and 2009 has also witnessed horrible form of governance which led to the immediate sacking of the Chief Executives and Executive Directors of 9 banks in the country. The objectives of this paper therefore were to examine corporate governance issues and challenges in the Nigerian banking sector, to observe the role of the insiders with respect to corporate governance practices, to determine the extent to which poor corporate governance has affected the Nigerian banking sector and to investigate whether the Nigerian banking sector has learnt any lesson as a result of incessant systemic crisis which had bedeviled the sector. Both primary and secondary sources of data were made use of. The primary data collected through the use of questionnaire were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics while the secondary sources included journals and textbooks Findings from the study showed that the Nigerian banking sector is yet to learn from the sad consequences of poor corporate governance of the period between 1994-2003 in particular. It therefore recommended that high quality financial disclosures and total avoidance of insider abuses should be the hallmark of the Nigerian banking sector.


is research is intendent to study the removal of sulfate and other anionic contaminants using continuous electrocoagulation (EC) with iron electrodes. Performances comparison of continuous EC with batch EC and conventional chemical coagulation was performed. Application of the continuous electrocoagulation process with a settler for solid accumulation resulted in a higher sulfate removal and almost complete nitrate elimination. Together with anionic contaminants removal, continuous electrocoagulation was found to be e cient in the depletion of NH4+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+. In addition, changes in pH were much lower than those observed in a batch mode.


Fabrication of fully self-aligned heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) by selective emitter regrowth is described. Scaled devices with emitter dimensions as small as 0.4/spl times/7 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ demonstrate current gain up to 29, with successful suppression of surface recombination effects. The RF characteristics of a 1.4/spl times/11 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ device exhibited f/sub T/ and f/sub MAX/ of 75 and 46 GHz, respectively, and is limited by the refractory base metallization. This technology is promising for scaled HBT applications where high-speed and low-power dissipation are critical.


Western Europe experienced a major rift system initiated during Bartonian times (41 Ma). This evolution is coeval with long wavelength deformations (several hundreds of kilometers) that control the topography and the sediment production beyond the rift. The climate during this time interval was first increasingly arid and then wetter.

This study is based on both landform and sediment analysis of southern England, France, Belgium and western Germany. The landforms are mainly large pediments, dated by the intersection with sediments deposited in low to high subsiding areas and volcanism. A set of paleogeographic maps with paleotopographic reconstructions, is used to constrain the uplifting and subsiding areas, their wavelength and the critical periods of intraplate deformations.

The main periods of deformations and sedimentary systems changes area as follow.

41Myrs (base Bartonian) was the beginning of a major tilting of Western Europe with subsidence of France and uplift of the Brabant/Ardennes/Rhenish Massif. Even a dense network of basement faults was reactivated, biochemical sedimentation prevailed.

35-31Myrs (Late Priabonian-Early Rupelian) initiated a period of general subsidence even along the Ardennes/Rhenish Massif and the French Massif Central. Two major marine floodings are recorded, with a differential preservation according to the balance between deformation and eustasy.

27-25Myrs (Chattian) was a period of uplift of Western Europe except the Aquitaine Basin, followed by a relaxation favoring eustatic floodings in (very) low subsiding domains. Chattian siliciclastic deposits are preserved as lowstand wedges in the surrounded basins (North Sea, Atlantic Margin).

14-11Myrs (Serravallian-Early Tortonian) initiated the overall uplift of Western Europe, still operating today. This is the beginning of a period of major denudation in southern England, Western Germany (SW Germany flat - “Stufenland”) and along the southern limb of the Franch Massif Central.

The causes and the consequences in term of sediment production are discussed.


Twelve chemicals and microbial treatments at various rates were applied to corn grown under furrow irrigation on the WSU Research Unit at Royal Slope. Experimental plots were four rows × 50 ft long, with 15-ft alleys within rows and one blank row between adjacent treatments, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Four applications were made at 4-day intervals beginning Aug 19'76 (10% silk) using a "Highboy" tractor-mounted, high-clearance experimental plot sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi. Weather conditions were normal during the application periods. Ten days after the last application, 25 ears were randomly selected from the two middle rows of each plot. Each sample was checked for number of ears damaged and number of dead and live earworms present. Extent of damage was rated for length of tunnels from ear tip using an index of 1 to 5 where 1 =• 0.5 cm, 2 = 0.5-1.5 cm, 3 = 1.5-3 cm, 4 = 3-5 cm, and 5 = > 5 cm, and for circumference where 1 = • 2 kernels, 2 = 4 l/4> 3 = 1/4-1/2, 4 = 1/2-3/4, and 5 = 3/4 up to entire circumference of the ear. Materials tested were also evaluated for honey bee toxicity, using an index of 0 to 5 where 0 has no hazard, 1 has short residual hazard, and 5 has long residual hazard.


The magnetic-field dependence of the thermopower in layered conductors with a quasi-two-dimensional electron energy spectrum of arbitrary form is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the dependence of the thermopower on the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the layers contains detailed information about the velocity distribution of the charge carriers on the Fermi surface.


This article arose from the author's interest in the theme of the double in the context of treatment of severe mental disorders in children. A number of different questions came up that can only be suggested here. If these points are pertinent, they will have to be treated individually, based on clinical evidence: How do children, including autistic children, begin to speak? What is the role of the "identical double, " "the different double, " and "duplication" in the acquisition of both subjectivity and language? What are the meanings of mirroring inversion? What are the different "mirror image recognition levels"? What succeeds and what fails in echolalia? Can lateral issues be linked to literal approaches? Can repetition in psychosis and in mourning be compared? Some enlightening Kleinian texts regarding duplication are discussed from a Lacanian point of view. There seems to be need for a stronger link between, and development of, the preponderance of word and gaze in children's investments. The children mentioned were observed by therapists at CEMPI, either in their everyday activities or while undergoing psychotherapy at the institution.


The development of industry has been leading the economy develop fast.Simultaneously,it also produces many negative products.The early workshops had already not been suitable for today's production pattern and are gradually put aside as useless.The rational reuse and adjustment not only can save the resource and construction cost,but also can represent the historical memory of the site.And it can infuse the new vigor for the old factory site.How to rebuild the value of the abandoned workshops and make them be harmonious with nowadays life,development,and aesthetics is a very meaningful topic.


: The paucity of rigorous evaluation measures undermines topic modeling results' validity and trustworthiness. Accordingly, we propose a method that researchers can use to select models when they assess topics' human interpretability. We show how they can evaluate different topic models using gold-standard sets that humans label. Our approach ensures that the topics extracted algorithmically from an entire corpus concur with the themes humans would have identified in the same documents. By doing so, we combine human coding's advantages for topic interpretability with algorithmic topic Modeling's analytical efficiency and scalability. We demonstrate that one can rigorously identify optimal model parametrizations for maximum interpretability and to rigorously justify model selection. We also contribute three open access gold-standard sets in the hospitality context and make them available so other researchers can use them to benchmark their models or validate their results. Finally, we showcase a methodology for designing and developing gold-standard sets for validating topic models, which researchers interested in developing gold-standard sets in domains and contexts appropriate for their research can use.


An experiment of a-sexual reproduction by fission was conducted on sea cucumber, Holothuria (Lessonothuria) verrucosa (Selenka, 1867) for 98 days. Anterior fission was observed on Day 1 with the formation of fission on the body of the sea cucumber. Initial length of 14 cm and weight of 21 g was measured at Day 1 in an aquarium under laboratory condition. Complete fission was observed on Day 7 of experiment by formation of 2 specimens; A and P. Initial length and weight for A was 4.5 cm and 3.18 g, while P was 9.5 cm and 17.30 g respectively. Increased weight for specimen A was observed on Day 20 with the first observation of the formation of anal pore. Tentacles started to form on specimen P on Day 34. Complete formation of anus on specimen A was seen on the 98th day of experiment with final weight of 3.84 g and length of 4.6 cm. Large growth of tentacle was also seen on Day 98 of the experiment with a final weight of the specimen P as 17.56 g and length as 9.7 cm.


This Thesis proposes an alternative tribrid framework for a multilateral reform of the investor–State dispute settlement regime to promote accuracy and consistency in treaty-based claims of investment disputes in a way that minimises private costs, facilitating both the cross-border investment climate and legal certainty. This is accomplished by a comparative analysis of the investor–State arbitration regime, the World Trade Organization dispute settlement system, and the European Union multilateral investment court proposal. Based on the lessons learned from these models, this Thesis develops a tribrid theory and suggests alternatives for putting this theory into practice contributing to the resolution of the debates regarding a multilateral reform of the investor‒State dispute settlement regime.


The fact that the population of Hungary has been on the decrease for several decades now foreshadows an unpredictable social crisis. Population policy strategies based on traditional demographic approaches have not been successful; therefore, it is reasonable to search for other types of underlying relationships. According to our research, the ability of parental care develops in the first year of one's life, as a result of the harmony experienced in an undisturbed relationship between the mother and the child. This period of developing the ability of secure attachment is the basis of the social character of a person. When this first phase is missing, such harm may be done which is difficult to make up for later. An appropriate approach during this first year of one's life builds a strong foundation which helps to create social relationships. This is the basis that will help a person to start a family, become a parent, study as well as create a personal and social system of values, and thus it provides the background to the reproduction of the whole of society. This age-old natural process was interrupted in Hungary due to aggressive industrialization in the 1950s. Women were shepherded to the workplace, so tens of thousands of babies grew up without the possibility of appropriate secure attachment. This deficit of attachment has been passed on in the generations that have followed, which, according to our hypothesis, is one of the main reasons of the depletion of the population in our country. Besides the shortcomings of early socializiation, another group of causes lies in the way our school system works. The written and unwritten rules of our schools had focused only on instruction for decades, and have only started to concentrate on planning children's social processes as well. Creating relationships, developing trust, empathy, love, as well as enhancing communication, cooperation, conflict-resolution skills and embracing a culture of pro-social behaviour is still something lacking from our schools. And yet, these are the very characteristics that would be the


Although the non-coherent direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem can be solved by sparse phase retrieval algorithms, known reference signals are required to deal with the inherent ambiguity issue of this approach. To avoid the use of reference signals, an effective array structure employing two uniform linear arrays is proposed (although other array structures are possible, such as the circular array), based on which a phase retrieval problem employing group sparsity is formulated. It is then replaced by its convex surrogate alternative by applying the majorization-minimization technique and the proximal gradient method is employed to solve the surrogate problem. The proposed algorithm is referred to as fasT grOup sparsitY Based phAse Retreival (ToyBar). Unlike the existing phase-retrieval based DOA estimation algorithm GESPAR, it does not need to know the number of incident signals in advance. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm has a fast convergence speed and a better estimation performance is achieved.


The book studies financial and economic evaluation of mining projects and mineral deposits and covers the basics of financial mathematics and investment appraisal.


The review focuses on the most promising methods for classifying EEG signals for non-invasive BCIs and theoretical approaches for the successful classification of EEG patterns. The paper provides an overview of articles using Riemannian geometry, deep learning methods and various options for preprocessing and "clustering" EEG signals, for example, common-spatial pattern (CSP). Among other approaches, pre-processing of EEG signals using CSP is often used, both offline and online. The combination of CSP, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine and neural network (BPNN) made it possible to achieve 91% accuracy for binary classification with exoskeleton control as a feedback. There is very little work on the use of Riemannian geometry online and the best accuracy achieved so far for a binary classification problem is 69.3% in the work. At the same time, in offline testing, the average percentage of correct classification in the considered articles for approaches with CSP – 77.5 ± 5.8%, deep learning networks – 81.7 ± 4.7%, Riemannian geometry – 90.2 ± 6.6%. Due to nonlinear transformations, Riemannian geometry-based approaches and complex deep neural networks provide higher accuracy and better extract of useful information from raw EEG recordings rather than linear CSP transformation. However, in real-time setup, not only accuracy is important, but also a minimum time delay. Therefore, approaches using the CSP transformation and Riemannian geometry with a time delay of less than 500 ms may be in the future advantage.


Objective To explore the significance of ultrasonography score in the evaluation of fetal unilateral hydronephrosis. Methods Altogether 39 fetus with hydronephrosis at pregnant period were collected.Anteroposterior diameter(APD),renal parenchyma thickness and the dilatation of renal calices were measured,and then an ultrasonography score was graded from 0 to 3 scores based on the severity of hydronephrosis.The total ultrasonography score of every kidney was accumulated and compared with the follow-up results.According to the follow-up results,all cases were divided into two groups:physiological and pathological hydronephrosis.The predictive value of every factor and ultrasonography score for hydronephrosis was compared by making ROC curves. Results ①Confirmed by postanatal ultrasound and other clinical examinations,10 of 39 kidneys were diagnosed as physiological hydronephrosis and 29 were pathological hydronephrosis.②AUC(area under the curve) of ultrasonography score,APD,renal parenchyma thickness and the dilatation of renal calices was 0.971,0.864,0.903 and 0.947,respectively.The AUC of ultrasonography score was significantly higher than those of the other three single factors(P0.05).③The best cut-off value of the ultrasonography score was 6 scores and its corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 82% and 90%,respectively. Conclusion The ultrasonography score can more effectively evaluate the prognosis of fetal hydronephrosis than the other three single factors,and it can clinically differentiate the physiological from pathological hydronephrosis.


Numerous cancer model systems are available to investigate disease mechanisms and to screen therapies. While all of the models have contributed critical information about cancer biology, current tools have significant problems. Roughly 90% of promising preclinical drugs, in all therapeutic classes, fail to result in efficacious human treatments, thereby wasting vast amounts of time and money and, ultimately, delaying the discovery of successful interventions (van der Worp et al., 2010). In the most simplistic view, two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture models lack realistic complexity, while animal models are expensive, time consuming, and too frequently fail to reflect human tumor biology (Aggarwal et al., 2009; Hait, 2010; van der Worp et al., 2010). This white paper presents five alterations in cellular physiology that suggest why three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells are a scientifically-rigorous method to generate new drug candidates before moving to expensive and time-consuming animal models. Adding 3D culture to your laboratory's repertoire can speed discovery and save money when developing cancer models for preclinical screening and testing, as well as for new therapy research and development.


As a particular form of historiographic metafiction dealing with the Dutch colonization of Brazil, Paulo Leminski's "novel-idea" Catatau (1975) seems less concerned with factual history than with the epistemic dimensions of colonial discourse about Brazil. On the reading proposed here, Leminski's novel is understood as a decolonial "thought instrument" (V. DAS) based on a performative aesthetic. Catatau's textual strategies transform the protagonist, a fictionalised Descartes, into an echo chamber in which colonial rationalisms are denied by the appropriation of certain pretexts and genres and a prolific language of difference, resulting in a "de-interpretation" of Brazil as a way of "de-thinking" coloniality.


Climate change is one of the most extreme challenges Indian agriculture is facing today and will have to deal with in future. There have been overwhelming and growing scientific evidences to establish that the world is getting warmer due to climate change and such increasing weather variability and worsening extremes will impact the agriculture sector more and more adversely. The sheer scale of involvement of the poor in agriculture calls for an effort to meet the challenge of climate change head-on through resilience building measures that work through a system of adaptive and mitigation strategies. Considering that new approaches are needed, development and deployment of new technologies, advocacy and capacity building have an extremely important role to play not only to build farmer's capability but to help in changing the mind-set as well. Both short term and long terms outputs are expected from the project in terms of new and improved varieties of crops, management practices that help in adaptation and mitigation and inputs for policy making to mainstream climate resilient agriculture in the developmental planning. The overall expected outcome is enhanced resilience of agricultural production to climate variability in vulnerable regions.


This paper presents a multivariable optimal output control of the fast turbine valves coupled with excitation of the generator. In this method, fast valving action can be used sufficiently and the transient stability of the generating units and the power system can be improved significantly. In order to solve the optimal feedback gain matrix of the nonlinear multi-machine power system, a new multidimensional interpolation global optimization technique is introduced. This technique has been used successfully to compute the optimal feedback gain matrix of the above power system. The digital simulation and the dynamic physical modeling experiment of the power system indicated that the transient stability of the generating units is improved significantly.<<ETX>>


Even after encouraging maternal and child wellness programs at worldwide level, lower-middle income nations have not reached the goal set by the UN yet. This study attempts to fill the gap and examines the associations and inequalities between socio-economic, demographic factors and utilization of full antenatal Care in South Asian countries. It uses data from DHS of the selected countries, and Oaxaca decomposing is applied for socioeconomic inequalities in utilization of antenatal care. Findings from the multivariate analysis show that mother's age at the time of birth, birth order and interval, mother's education, mass media exposure and economic status are significant determinants of the utilization of antenatal care services in South Asian countries. In terms of specific outcomes with regard to inequality in ANC, the distance from the line of equity to the line of concentration curve is greatest in Pakistan followed by India and Nepal.


Abstract:After the U.S. conquest and annexation of territory north of the Rio Grande River, French clergy who arrived in deep South Texas during the 1850s encountered a large Mexican Catholic population. Due to the critical shortage of clergy in Northeastern Mexico, these priests were drawn into transnational ministry south of the Rio Grande. For decades these clergy prioritized ministry to Mexicans, even in the face of church leaders who faulted them for not privileging Anglo Americans. Political changes in Mexico overturned the Catholic Church's status in that nation and had a significant religious impact in the Rio Grande country during the 1870s. Mexicans on both sides of the border were affected by Liberal policies and the challenge of the first Mexican Protestant congregations.


. Seven harpacticoid species were found to be associated with sea ice collected during 5 Antarctic cruises of the RV Polarstern. Their distribution within the fast ice and pack ice zones of the Weddell Sea is presented. Whereas some individuals probably become entrapped into the ice only accidentally, at least 4 species arc genuinely sympagic. These have evolved remarkable adaptations, as evidenced by field and laboratory studies of Dresclieriella glacialis, which is by far the most abundant. Such adaptations include: the ability to penetrate deep into ice; a comparatively high salinity tolerance allowing it to endure large salinity fluctuations associated with ice crystal formation and melting; good swimming ability, necessary both for horizontal dispersal and for a planktonic intermezzo after annual melting of the sea ice. D. glacialis is the first polar non-vertebrate mctazoan to be cultivated through its entire life cycle. Its life history suggests an r-stratcgy; this would be the first indication of such a trait in the polar environment. A new species of Drescheriella, on the other hand, exhibits resting stages (C IV-V) known to date only for Calanoidu but not reported for Harpacticoida.


This paper presents a counter-narrative to what is often called the utility "death-spiral", a vicious cycle of declining utility sales and rising electricity rates. Under the death-spiral paradigm, weak utility sales growth is exacerbated by increasing distributed generation (DG) penetration. Given largely fixed network costs, rates increase to recover network costs from a smaller basis, further encouraging DG. At the same time, emissions reductions achieved in the electricity sector alone fall far short of those needed to reach longer-term economy-wide greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction targets. We present an alternative to this paradigm, in which utility sales break out of the death spiral and the European Union (EU) comes close to achieving GHG reductions targets, based on electrification of the transportation and heating sectors, coupled with decarbonization of the power supply mix.


Phenanthrene derivatives were prepared by reacting an α,α-dicyanoolefin with different α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds resulting from Wittig reaction of ninhydrin and phosphanylidene or condensation of barbituric acid and an aldehyde. The easy procedure, mild and metal-catalyst free, reaction conditions, good yields, and no need for chromatographic purifications are important features of this protocol. The structures of the product of type 3 and 5 were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and EI-MS). A plausible mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed (Scheme 1).


Improved FCM algorithm based on genetic algorithm is used to extract user needs in mobile cloud computing. By using its characteristics of fast clustering, users can be divided into the same category with similar attributes and behavior patterns, and then use the similarity recommendation algorithm, which makes the similar user requests can be quickly responded. This algorithm (GAFCM-CF) is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of mobile cloud user attribute collection and user request processing in small and medium network. At the same time, this paper compares the simulation experiment with the traditional MIN-MIN scheduling algorithm, and verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.


ABSTRACT The percentage of women elected in the Australian Parliament is comparatively low. This poor track record has generated debate within political parties about the necessity of gender quotas (or targets) to increase women's representation. Using the 2016 Australian Election Study, this paper proposes to test support for different measures aiming to increasing women's representation in Australian politics. More specifically, I investigate the role of partisanship in explaining gender differences in support for gender quotas. I find that differences in support for quotas are greater among women, and among men, than between women and men. The paper also demonstrates that the role of political values in explaining differences in support for gender quotas is non-uniform. Indeed, attitudes towards government intervention, minority rights, and gender equality are more crucial in explaining differences in support for legislative quotas among men than among women.


A 20-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to the presence of a nasopharyngeal tumour, throat pain, left nasal obstruction and bleeding in the sputum. Indirect endoscopic examination revealed a mass on the left pharyngeal wall (figure 1). A biopsy of the nasopharyngeal tumour indicated the presence of inflammatory cells (figure 2). She was previously treated for uteritis at another gynaecological clinic after her last menstruation. Immunohistochemical study of the nasopharyngeal …


Naive and primed states are distinct states of pluripotency during early embryonic development that can be captured and converted to each other in vitro. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of pluripotency, we performed a recessive genetic screen of homozygous mutant mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and found that suppression of N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt) promotes naive pluripotency. Disruption of Nmt1 in mESCs conferred resistance to differentiation. Suppression of Nmt in mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) promoted the conversion from the primed to the naive state. This effect was independent of Src, which is a major substrate of Nmt and is known to promote differentiation of mESCs. Suppression of Nmt in naive-state human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) increased the expression of the naive-state marker. These results indicate that Nmt is a novel target for the regulation of naive pluripotency conserved between mice and humans.


hypertension and peripheral vascular disease.s4-s MAO inhibitors have been used successfully in rheumatoid arthritis and they are now being investigated in the management of other collagen diseases.7, 8 promising reports have also been received on the therapeutic benefits of MAO inhibitors in alcoholism and drug addiction. The clinical experiences to be reported in this paper are those concerning the use of Nardil t (phenelzine), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study was prompted by some observations made during the recent clinical investigation of the antidepressant effects of Nardil in a group of 200 depressed general medical patients.10 A number of these patients had a variety of cardiovascular diseases as well as symptoms of mild to severe depression. Although evaluation of the antidepressant effect of Nardil was of primary importance in the original investigation, the favorable medical, as well as emotional, responses of 30 cardiac patients encouraged further study of these patients.


The article is devoted to the legal changes of the borders of Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) province in 1918 1928, and the transmission of some areas to the neighboring regions of the Russian Federation. The authors also analyze the losses of territory and population which Simbirsk province incurred as a result of the reform of the administrative-territorial boundaries.


Upon an Axis of Iron, that cou'd be made to be turn swiftly (by means of a Wheel, whose String went round a Pulley fix'd to the said Axis) I slipp'd on two Iron Hoops, whose Planes intersected at right Angles, representing two Colures, which, being of a spring Temper, sprung in such Manner as to be x/96 Part longer in that Diameter that coincided with the Axis, than in their Æquatorial Diameter; this Proportion being the same that Mr.Cassini supposes to be between the Axis and ÆquatoriaI Diameter of the Earth.


Taking a public building in yantai area as an example,to do simulated calculation of the building cold and hot load by the HDY-SMAD annual dynamic load simulation software. According to the annual energy consumption distribution graph,seasonal energy consumption distribution graph and annual load frequency distribution graph to do cold and hot source matching,and introduce completely ground source heat pump air conditioning system from two aspects about outdoor soil heat exchange system and indoor air conditioning ventilation system. With economical comparison,finally points out that the ground source heat pump air conditioning system have advantages in the aspect of energy conservation and environmental protection.


This year celebrates the anniversary of Halyna Petrovna Bilanych, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, who dedicated almost 20 years to the Uzhgorod College of Culture and Arts (since September 2019 - Uzhgorod Institute of Culture and Arts) and continues to give strength and experience to teaching and scientific work at the Department of Socio-Cultural Activities.


Sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBP) are transcription factors that regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism. SREBP undergoes posttranslational processing from an inactive precursor to an active mature form. Exogenous unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) suppress SREBP processing, expression and SREBP‐mediated gene expression. To date, an endogenous source of UFA capable of modulating SREBP remains elusive. Group VIA calcium‐independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) releases UFA from the sn‐2 position of glycerophospholipids and is localized to the same compartment as precursor SREBP. We hypothesize that iPLA2 provides endogenous UFA that suppress SREBP‐mediated transcription. siRNA and chemical inhibitors were used to suppress iPLA2 and plasmid and adenovirus strategies were used to overexpress iPLA2 in CHO and HepG2 hepatoma cells. iPLA2 inhibition increased both SREBP expression and SREBP‐mediated transcription. In contrast, iPLA2 overexpression attenuated SREBP expression and SREBP‐mediated transcription. The decline in SREBP correlated with reduced expression of SREBP target genes and attenuated fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 cells. These data support the hypothesis that iPLA2 generates endogenous UFA that limit SREBP function and suggest that this enzyme may be a target for treatment of lipid disorders.


Facts On 7 June 2004, the Latvian Competition Council declared that an agreement signed on 14 November 2002 between Kempmayer Media Ltd. (a company of England and Wales) and a/s Digitlais…


Chow Yun-Fat Comes to AmericaHaving starred as the leading man in such critical and box-office successes as John Woo's A Better Tomorrow (1986), The Killer (1989), and most recently Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), Chow Yun-Fat commands audiences in Asia and now more than ever in America. Frequently compared to Cary Grant and Clint Eastwood, the Hong Kong native has been dubbed "Sexiest Action Star" by the US publication People Weekly, and Time Asia offered him as primary evidence for the claim that "Chinese men were suddenly the coolest in the world" ("Sexiest"; Corliss, "Back"). Armed with a gun in each hand, dressed in designer suits, and devoted to a code of honor, Chow Yun-Fat's most popular characters are as deadly as they are charming. Although Chow has made more than seventy films in diverse genres, his "heroic bloodshed" films, featuring him as a professional yet moral assassin in an extremely violent and corrupt world, have won him both critical acclaim and international fame.In 1995, Chow decided to immigrate to the United States and "become that rarity in American cinema, an Asian leading man" ("Chow Yun-Fat"). After improving his English and rejecting various roles, he chose The Replacement Killers (1998) as his vehicle to Hollywood stardom. 1 John Woo not only produced the film but also provided director Antoine Fuqua with inspiration. Directly echoing Woo's "heroic bloodshed" films, The Replacement Killers features Chow as professional assassin John Lee, who, because he cannot execute an innocent boy, himself becomes the target of the titular characters. In his films with Woo, Chow's characters usually pair with other Chinese men. 2 In The Replacement Killers , however, Chow's character partners with a Euro-American woman, Meg Coburn (Mira Sorvino). Originally drafted by screenwriter Ken Sanzel with "a Bruce Willis type"--read, Euro-American man--in Chow's role, The Replacement Killers provides an exceptional opportunity for explicating the difference that a racialized identity--specifically, Asian--makes in the production of a late-1990s action film (Corliss, "Chow"). 3 Theoretically, "the traits and activities of the adventurer are possible for members" of any ethnicity, race, or gender (Taves 122). Whether an Asian or a Euro-American plays the role of the hero should be incidental. However, juxtaposing The Replacement Killers with its generic cohort and comparing an early draft of the screenplay with the released film reveal significant consistencies with and deviations from standard character and plot development conventions.Inserting an Asian star into a US film and opposite a Euro-American heroine is no simple matter. As cultural studies critic David Palumbo-Liu argues, the incorporation of Asians in America functions contradictorily:The Other invites the minority subject to identify itself within the dominant on the basis of its ideological interests (that is, the investment in universals and the denial of difference), while at the same time withholding the full rights and privileges that accrue to its cultural citizens. (129)In The Replacement Killers , Chow's character is at once invited into and excluded from multicultural American life. What I call negative attraction characterizes this contradictory pairing of invitation and exclusion. In two of the most intimate scenes of the film, Sorvino's character articulates the rhetoric of negative attraction in the form of litotes, "a form of understatement in which a thing is affirmed by stating the negative of its opposite" ("Litotes")--for example, I am not unhappy to see you. 4 To appreciate the full importance of her litotic statements, however, an understanding of their generic and political contexts is necessary. After briefly discussing the evolution of the action-romance film, I will turn to the politics of coupling Asians and Euro-Americans. Finally, I will offer an interpretation of The Replacement Killers with concentrations on its marketing, characterization, and plot development. …


The Josephson effect is a kind of macroscopic quantum phenomenon that supercurrent flows through a Josephson junction without any voltage applied. We predict a novel vortex-state–mediated Josephson effect in an SNS Josephson junction which hosts vortices. The vortex-state–mediated supercurrent is enhanced or reduced significantly in magnitude depending on the junction length, and exhibits several steps with the number of effective propagating channels in current-phase evolution at zero temperature. At finite temperatures, these supercurrent steps persist in the short junction limit, and develop into sawtooth oscillations if the junction length becomes comparable to the coherence length of the superconductor. In the later case a supercurrent reversal can be observed. These findings may provide a smoking-gun signature of vortex bound states in superconductors and promise possible applications in future Josephson devices.


The optical absorption spectrum of single crystal [(C2H5)4N]2NpCl6 has been examined. Between 300 and 77°K the spectrum can be understood in terms of the analysis made recently for Cs2NpCl6 since many aspects of the NpCl6 complex spectrum are similar. At 4°K, however, the spectrum shows evidence for two inequivalent sites of Np4+. The octahedral ground state Γ8 is split by 14 cm−1 in one site and by 16.5 cm−1 in the other site. The reason for occurrence of inequivalent sites in the salt is attributed to Jahn‐Teller instability coupled with the presence of the large organic complex cation [(C2H5)4N]+.


We are presenting the difficulties we encountered with the female patient with previously diagnosed primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) and conflicting hormonal and radiological findings a few years later. The patient underwent unilateral adrenalectomy in 2010. Despite repeated search, no other components of Carney's complex have ever been discovered. 8 years later, she was diagnosed with ACTH-dependant Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary MRI showed a lesion of less than 3 mm on the left side of adenohypophysis (suggesting microadenoma) and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) confirmed this suspicion. The patient underwent effective transsphenoidal adenomectomy and is now eucortisolaemic. The genetic testing for PRKAR1A mutations was negative and the second histopathological evaluation raised some considerable doubts whether the diagnosis of PPNAD was stated correctly.


Methods: This project compared door (arrival at the ED) to ECG times for patients reported to the ACTION registry before and after first nurse training. The intervention for this project was to provide education to the RNs assigned to the first nurse role that included the importance of remaining in the lobby of the emergency department and how the position can affect patient outcomes. Education was completed through presentations at staff meetings as well as direct observations of work with real time feedback.


Here, the respective contributions of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices and carrot (Daucus carota ) roots to the uptake and translocation of uranium (U) were quantified and compared. The U absorption by the AM fungus and roots was observed by growing mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots in two-compartment Petri plates. The central compartment allowed growth of roots and extraradical fungal hyphae. The external compartment (EC), which was labelled with 0.1 mum(233) U, allowed growth of: hyphae only (hyphal compartment, HC), both mycorrhizal roots and hyphae (root hyphal compartment, RHC), or nonmycorrhizal roots (root compartment, RC). The U concentration was 5.5 and 9.6 times higher for hyphae than for the mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots, respectively, both developing in the EC's. Translocation of U was similar for the RHC and the HC systems, and was 8 times higher for these two systems than for the RC system. These results indicate that the U flux rate was higher in fungal hyphae than in roots, while the intraradical hyphae may significantly contribute to the U immobilization by mycorrhizal roots.


The script works with Mathematica (version 7 or latest) however Laplacian filter and the finite mixture can be easily implement with any other mathematical software.


Generating more usable power annually from the river and tidal currents is essential to improving cost-effectiveness. Among various alternative options, the performance improvement of the blade foil has been considered in this work. When the fluid over the blade surface loses kinetic energy, flow separation occurs. The lift forces are reduced by flow separation, which finally results in less power production by the horizontal axis current turbine. To extract more power, it is necessary to overcome this flow separation. This paper presents a passive flow control method using tubes at regular intervals on the blade section to improve its performance considering its application on a horizontal axis current turbine. The tube inlet and outlet positions are determined by analyzing the force coefficients, glide ratio, and stall angle for a specific angle of attack. Finally, the performance characteristics are compared between the baseline and the modified hydrofoil. The maximum lift coefficient of the hydrofoil is increased by 15.7%. Also, the maximum glide ratios are considerably increased beyond the stall of the baseline profile. From the numerical results, it can be concluded that tubes inserted at regular intervals on the hydrofoil significantly increase its performance at a higher angle of attack.


This report prepared as part of USAIDs Health Financing and Sustainability Project provides an economic evaluation of pilot tests of alternative health care cost recovery financing systems in the nonhospital sector of rural areas of Niger. After an introductory chapter chapter 2 sets out the general framework of the project and provides information on why reforms are needed and what the nature of these reforms should be. Chapter 3 presents the design of the pilot tests including technical preparation designation of project areas determination of actions to improve quality of care cost recovery efforts and the performance evaluation. Chapter 4 looks at results in terms of 1) demand for and use of health care 2) rate setting 3) household expenditures 4) recurrent costs of the reform package 5) quality of care and 6) mobilization of resources and cost recovery. The concluding chapter discusses the policy implications of the findings; makes recommendations to the government of Niger to local authorities to the communities and to donors (specifically and in general); and contains an action plan for extending the reforms which considers the principal policy issues of the mobilization of internal resources improving quality and reducing costs community participation implementation and monitoring and evaluation.


This thesis introduces the functions,features,structure and composition of remote video monitoring system in detail,describes its advantages and roles in construction,and points outs its future development trend in building construction enterprise management,which has good development prospect.


In several practical domains, such as, agriculture, chemistry and mechanical engineering, empirical mathematical equations are used in fulfilling certain tasks. The applicability of such equations is usually controlled by certain conditions. Production rules are commonly used to formulate such conditioned equations. We present a learning technique for inferring such rules from databases that are usually of huge sizes. This technique is based on integrating quantitative discovery approaches (scientific discovery technique) and attribute oriented approach (Knowledge discovery technique). This integration is intended to overcome the limitations of each individual technique when separately applied. In addition, in our approach we introduce a clustering technique that is used to classify and cluster the data based on the numeric attributes. Through this clustering, all numeric attributes that are relevant in formulating the mathematical formula are learned. In addition, we introduced the concept of formulating the antecedent part of production rules from both symbolic and numeric attributes as another contribution of this research.


Abstract Though history has long been a part of graduate preparation in higher education administration, new student affairs professionals often struggle to see its relevance to their work. We present a conceptual framework that links organizational ecology, institutional culture and climate, and student development through a historical lens. We then provide concrete recommendations regarding the framework's use as a reflexive tool


Street Vendors are one of the informal sectors that are found in urban areas. The existence of street vendors does not always require formal education and high skills and does not require a large capital. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the income of street vendors in Talasalapang Street, Rappocini Regency, Makassar City. The population in this study was not greater than 100 people, so the census technique was used by taking the overall population of 60 street vendors. The analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression using a partial hypothesis test (t-test) and simultaneous (F test), using SPSS 21. The results showed that capital, business experience, and time allocation of trying to jointly affect street vendors' income. Partially shows that capital and time allocation try to have a positive and significant effect on street vendors 'income, while the experience of trying not to affect street vendors' income on Talasalapang Street, Rappocini Regency, Makassar City


Based on the hypothesis that structural ore-control is the major ore-forming factor and the ore source bed constitutes the foundation of ore-forming materials, the author has divided the gold deposits in the Wutai Mountain greenstone belt into three main types,namely banded iron formation(BIF) related to secondary folds,metamorphic intermediate-acid volcanic-sedimentary type related to shear deformation,and metamorphic conglomerate type related to shear deformation.Gold deposits of these types are obviously controlled by structures.The regional overturned compound syncline of the Wutai Mountain controls the ore-forming belt of the NEE-trending regional distribution pattern,the large tight fold hinge belt controls the positions of gold deposits,the shear deformation associated with tight folds and secondary folds control sizes,shapes and attitudes of ore bodies,and the shearing fissures control the distribution and local enrichment of gold veins.Shear deformation on the overturned limb(near the hinge zone) of the tight fold constitutes the structural ore-controlling regularity for gold deposits of the Wutai Mountain greenstone belt.The ore source bed is the foundation of ore-forming materials,and ore-bearing strata reformed by superimposed tight fold and shear deformation are the best target areas for metallogenesis and ore prospecting.Based on the structural ore-controlling theory,this paper has made an emphatic analysis of the ore-controlling structural features of typical ore deposits,probed deeply into the effects of ore-control structures on the positions,sizes,shapes and enrichment of gold deposits,and pointed out that folds and shear deformations not only are ore-control structures but also serve as main mineralization themselves.The structural ore-controlling regularity of gold deposits in the Wutai Mountain greenstone belt is also summed up.


This research is based on the iterative space-marching method for incompressible and compressible Navier-Stokes equations[1-4]. A principle of parallel computational schemes construction for steady and unsteady problems is suggested. It is analytically proven that convergence of these schemes is unconditional for incompressible case. When the parallel scheme is used the total volume of computations is the sum of a large number of independent and equal parts. Estimation of the speed-up K shows that K>1000 in ideal case. First results of using the parallel schemes are presented.


In the section design of channels,it is very fussy to draw vertical section image of channels,it is very likely to make a mistake when you are careless because there are many data to input.Here,this article will introduce a simple and practical way of drawing image,which is calculating in Excel firstly and drawing imagine in AotoCAD2004 directly,at the same time, the data can be input to the CAD imagine.This method is not only convenient but also fast,which is worth to grasp and raise the designing and drawing speed of vertical section of channels.


Standardized methods and tools for monitoring telephone interviewers are important for ensuring survey data meet high quality standards. In order to effectively limit the risk of interviewer behaviors biasing or adding variance to survey estimates, the quality monitoring process requires accurate and consistent detection of interviewer errors. To this end, RTI has developed a standardized, mode-independent interview quality monitoring evaluation system, QUEST. This system supports evaluation of interviewing quality through both live monitoring and review of digitally-recorded sessions. QUEST allows telephone interviewing behaviors to be evaluated using a common set of quality metrics that are stored in a single shared database. These metrics are based on objective indicators of specific interviewer behaviors, including definitions and concrete examples for each behavior, as opposed to more subjective ratings or impressions of interviewing quality. The primary hypothesis of our research is that the standardized, objective approach followed in QUEST will produce minimal variation across monitors in their detection of interviewer errors and other unacceptable behaviors. Two primary sources of data are used to investigate variability in the rates at which monitors detect interviewer errors: comparison of error detection rates across monitors from monthly monitoring results and examination of the results of blind scoring by monitors of a set of 10 selected interviewing scenarios. Comparisons of error detection rates across monitors includes both overall errors detected across sessions and errors detected for specific interviewing skill areas. In addition, this analysis examines whether scoring across monitors varies when factors such as interviewing shifts or monitor experience levels are considered. Based on the results of the comparisons of monthly monitor scores and blind scoring of interviewing scenarios, this presentation discusses the implications of the observed levels of monitor scoring variability in general and disagreements on specific scenarios for accurate and consistent detection of interviewing errors.


The legacy of this process is readily identifiably through the high levels of poverty, alcohol and drug abuse, poor health conditions, unemployment, high rates of incarceration and low self esteem and confidence carried by many Aboriginal people today. To be identified as Aboriginal was to leave oneself open to persecution, denigration and prejudice. It has only been over the course of the past thirty years that the process of negativity fostered for decades has been disclosed, challenged and overthrown for its ignorance and outright hypocrisy. There remain many Aboriginal people who have only now begun the slow journey to regain their pride, dignity and culture [p.36].


By the method of mycelia growth rate,the toxicities of 6 fungicides to Rhizoctonia solania were tested.The results showed that kresoxim-methyl and difenoconazole had higher toxicities,with EC50 0.270 1 mg/L and 0.766 2 mg/L respectly;Next were dimethachlone,carbendazim and triadimefon.Thiram had the lowest toxicity,with EC50 reaching up to 5.392 5 mg/L.


One of the predominant bacteria in early dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans , has been shown to synthesize levansucrase. This enzyme was obtained from the supernatant fluid of a glu


The invention discloses a Big Dipper/GPS time service type double-system receiving antenna which receive a GPS time service signal and a Big Dipper one-generation time service signal simultaneously and comprises a Big Dipper receiving unit and a GPS receiving unit which are arranged in a same receiving system, and the Big Dipper receiving unit and the GPS receiving unit are respectively connected with the same protection circuit. Due to the adoption of the technology, the Big Dipper/GPS time service type double-system receiving antenna not only can realize the more accurate time service, but also gets rid of the dependence of a single guidance system, the advantage complementation of the Big Dipper time service and the GPS time service is realized, the stability of the system is increased, meanwhile, a Big Dipper antenna and a GPS antenna are integrally designed, the volume of the antenna is reduced, and the use is more convenient.