Through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Prospective Payment SystemExempt Cancer Centers, including the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, will eventually be denied payments by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program for certain preventable Hospital Acquired Conditions. This study is a participant-observer case study of the Infection Prevention and Control Department of the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects that the CMS' Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program may have on the Infection Prevention and Control Department of the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Data was collected through direct observation over an eight week period, including in-person interviews with department members. This study suggests the primary impact is a perception by the members of the Infection Prevention and Control Department that compliance with the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program will be hindered due to uncooperativeness by other departments at the RPCI with the implementation of policies, procedures, and programs designed to target infections identified in the regulation. PPACA and the IPC Department of the RPCI 3 Table of


The calculation of antibody avidity for multivalent antigens requires the experimental determination of the antigenic valency by extrapolation of Scatchard plots of the type f/d versus f. At any ratio of the reactants, the antigenic valency corresponds to the maximum number of antibody molecules that can be bound simultaneously. In spite of the steric hindrance effect that is prevalent with multivalent antigens, the antigenic valency is a constant parameter and not a variable influenced by the ratio of antibody to antigen.


Determination of total phenolate and antioxidant activity of red leaf extract (Erythrina fusca Lour) was done by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract. The extracts were prepared using a non-polar-maseration method with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvents. The results showed total phenolic concentration using the Folin-Ciocalteu method were 0.412 g/100 g in the hexane extract, 1.782 g/100 g in the ethyl acetate extract and 5.455 g/100 g in the ethanol extract. Antioxidant activity conducted by using FRAP method (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) were obtained 0,682 mmol Fe (II)/100 g at hexane extract, 5,186 mmol Fe (II)/100 g at ethyl acetate extract and 10,591 mmol Fe (II)/100 g on the ethanol extract. The antioxidant activity of gallic acid as standard was 44.356 g mmol Fe (II)/100g.


— Formany years, researchers in artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences have refrained from approaching the theme of consciousness, a notion considered as too imprecise to allow scientific study. Thus, Bertrand Russell [14] claimed the results of introspection scientifically unusable because they do not obey physical laws. Likewise, behaviourism, wanting to found psychology as an exact science, excludes any notion of mental state, and rejects what concerns consciousness as fundamentally outside its domain. A revival of this question is due to Darwinian theory of evolution and orthodox materialism. On the other hand, Searle [21] finds it scandalous that a science studying the mind ignores the specificities of consciousness. The main problem then is to explain feelings, consciousness and free will based only on physical laws. After having clarified some general ideas on intelligence and consciousness, I will explain why, working on natural language processing, this lead me to be interested in consciousness. Then, I will describe the aspects of consciousness that Jacques Pitrat has implemented in CAIA (Artificial Researcher in Artificial Intelligence).


Although additive manufacturing was first developed in the 1980's, the technology is mainly applied for prototyping and tooling. The printing process is not well understood and controlled to be confidently used for printing of load bearing parts. Due to the complex geometry and the layer by layer printing process, parts as printed may show distortion, residual stress, delamination and failure that render the part unusable at the moment that it comes out of the machine. Finite element simulations of additive manufacturing can be very effective in understanding the cause of these defects and predicting the in-service performance of the printed parts. However, most finite element codes are not designed for simulating additive manufacturing processes. Due to large chunks of material that are progressively deposited to the part, moving heat sources and complex evolving heat transfer boundaries that comes with the progressive material addition makes this multi-physics problem intractable. Adding to the complexity is the different types of additive manufacturing processes in existence and the different types of materials being used. Lastly, finite element simulation of additive manufacturing processes has not been too 2017 Science in the Age of Experience 440 useful to date because of the long simulation times and the inexactitude nature of simulation results due to its difficulty in capturing all the physics of the process. In this paper, we adopt some of the latest technologies developed in the commercial finite element software package Abaqus to effectively simulate the Multi Jet Fusion (MJFTM) printing process. We first characterize the independent physical events using the event series data; including event time, event location, and material status information. These independent events could be powder material deposition, heating and cooling events or chemical agent deposition events. Abaqus solves for the dependent events such as the powder melting, evolution of cooling surfaces, and material temperature, stress and distortion. Materials and elements are progressively activated according to the powder deposition events. We then use a user defined moving distributed flux subroutine to model multiple moving heat sources. The Abaqus keyword interface and user subroutines are customized to account for different types of moving heating sources and different chemical agent additions. MJFTM uses two functional agents; a fusing agent and a detailing agent during the multipass print process. Once the keyword interface and user subroutines are defined, the cost for modeling different parts and geometries is significantly reduced. This results in significant simplification of modeling effort as well as much shorter simulation time as compared to actual printing time. This makes finite element simulations effective for print process development and functional part production.


Abstract In many places, Lusatia is viewed with negative connotations as a dying open-pit lignite mining area. This applies to outside perspectives in particular, but also corresponds to the self-image of many people in Lusatia. The cultural landscape resulting from open-cast mining is not perceived as such. One of the goals of the Land-Innovation-Lusatia project is to learn to read, understand and appreciate this landscape and to design and develop it based on this knowledge. Awareness of history and optimism about the future are mutually dependent. In this landscape construction site in Lusatia, attempts have been made for more than a century to recultivate, renature and redesign the landscapes that follow the depletion of the mining area, and thus to reshape the landscapes in line with the ideals and models of the prevailing zeitgeist. The mosaic of post-open pit landscape designs formed in this process over the last twelve decades constitutes a globally unique representation of human restoration of former open-cast mining landscapes through the ages. Lusatia can be understood as a globally unique showcase of the changing approaches to opencast mining recultivation over time. The goal of a World Heritage nomination of this landscape supports the social and cultural integration of this research in the region by enhancing the construction of an identity in Lusatia that proudly looks back on more than a century of innovative land use. The combination of unique, innovative land-use traditions with innovative and contemporary land-use research is intended to bring the Land-Innovation-Lusatia (LIL) research initiatives closer to the tradition-focused segments of the population and also increase the appreciation of them. But where and how do you start? This article aims to address these questions in more detail, explain the background to them and illuminate the identification process. Identity-finding processes in a former open-cast mining landscape – on exploiting, changing, assimilating and appreciating


to disturb the orders for costs below, this still left the trust—the respondent in the appeal—to bear its own costs for a hearing in the House which lasted through seven days of argument. All this could have been avoided if there had been amendment in 1975 or even a simple piece of amending legislation since then, legislation that would undoubtedly have been forthcoming if the Revenue had lost at the end of the day. Why the cost of clarifying what parliament has arrogantly left silent should fall on the taxpayer and not on the shoulders of the Inland Revenue is less than obvious; perhaps in these cash conscious days some such monetary restraint on the litigious Revenue would be beneficial. After all why should they be allowed to accumulate legislation which is uncertain and likely to cause costs to their neighbour unless it be at their peril? T T


S. flexneri antibodies in rabbit and human serum specimens were demonstrated using a microadaptation of the indirect bacterial hemagglutination test. Although three types of antigen preparations are suitable for detecting hemagglutinins, a polyvalent preparation is of most interest since it has the greatest potential practical application. Comparisons with monovalent antigens, prepared from stock cultures and organisms from patients, showed the polyvalent preparation to be sensitive and specific.
 Hemagglutinins reached peak titers on the 5th to 14th day of illness in infants and children with shigellosis. Evidence is presented indicating that effective antimicrobial therapy of shigellosis depresses the specific hemagglutinin response, making it necessary to interpret hemagglutination results in the light of the therapy patients have received.


We give a purely analytical perturbation method of solution of the van der Pol equation, whereby the periodic solution can be actually developed in the form of a power series in the damping parameter e up to any desired order and thus analysed in detail. The coefficients of the series solution, which are given in explicit form by recurrent analytical formulae, are calculated up to the order e500 to accurately determine the radius of convergence of the series solution, for which the value of 1·89 (correct to two decimal places) was found. We have then investigated the well-known Shohat expansion in order to elucidate an unsolved question concerning its validity, which we show to be restricted to the narrower interval e<2·70 of e⩾0. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Glycolic acid (hydroxyacetic acid; CAS no. 79-14-1) was tested for its inhalation toxicity to rats following both single and repeated exposures. The LC50 for single 4-h exposures was 7.1 mg/L, with all rats surviving exposures of 4.0 mg/L. The material is considered slightly toxic following acute inhalation. Groups of male rats were exposed by inhalation to either 0 (control), 0.16, 0.51, or 1.4 mg glycolic acid/ L, 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 2 wk. The highest level tested was not well tolerated, with exposures being discontinued after eight exposures, and seven rats were sacrificed following labored breathing, lung noise, nasal and ocular discharge, and severe weight loss. Clinical pathology changes included decreases in serum protein, increases in both ALT and ALP, and decreases in urine volume and pH, indicative of altered hepatic function. These changes were reversible in the 3 surviving rats allowed a 10-day-off treatment recovery period. Pathologic changes in this group included diffuse hepatocellular d...


Duck erythroblast nuclei, isolated under conditions designed to preserve lysosome integrity, were extracted to yield a bulk population of nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) particles which, when fractionated on sucrose gradients, was resolved into two classes of RNA-protein complexes containing low-molecular-weight RNA. The classical pre-messenger ribonucleoprotein complex (pre-mRNP), which had been previously characterized in this laboratory and was shown to contain rapidly-labeled pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) sequences, was observed to contain approximately eight discrete species of nuclear RNA between 90 and 230 nucleotides in length (major species of Mr 80000 and 55000, and minor species of Mr 61 000, 58000, 51000, 38000, 36000 and 32000). The size and relative distribution of these RNA sequences indicated that they were the small nuclear RNA species previously described in the literature.

In addition, two smaller ribonucleoprotein complexes with sedimentation coefficients of 17 S and 12 S were characterized and shown to be composed of characteristic, although not mutually exclusive, sets of low-Mr RNA species. Comparison of these RNA species in the two smaller nRNP complexes with those found in the 40-S pre-mRNP particles demonstrated that all but three of the major low-Mr RNA bands found in the small nRNP were found in the pre-mRNP. The additional RNA species unique to the small nRNP were major ones of MI 150000 and 110000, minor ones of Mr 48000, 34000 and 27000 and three major bands of Mr approximately 25000 as well.

Further comparison revealed that while each particle was composed of a characteristic subset of polypeptides, several common proteins were observed in both small nRNP and pre-mRNP. The common RNA and polypeptide components observed in these two classes of nuclear ribo- nucleoprotein suggested that these small nRNPs may represent either integral parts of intact physiological pre-mRNP or nuclear structures which are closely associated with pre-mRNP in vivo.

No difference was observed in either the RNA or protein composition of small nRNP or pre-mRNP when prepared in the presence of the protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating that endogenous protease activity was not a problem in the preparation of nRNP from duck erythroblasts. CsCl gradient analysis of the two fractionated small nRNPs revealed buoyant densities of 1.39 and 1.40 g/ml for the 17-S and 12-S particles respectively. From these densities, an approximate RNA: protein ratio of 1 : 4, similar to that previously determined for the 40-S pre-mRNP complex, was estimated. Isoelectric focusing of the small nRNP on a pH gradient between pH 4 and pH 6 and electron microscopy studies reaffirmed the particulate nature of these smaller ribonucleoprotein complexes. In addition, ultrastructural analysis of small nRNP particles indicated an average diameter of 15 nm, compared with an average diameter of 35 - 40 nm for the bulk of the 40-S pre-mRNP particles.

The poly(A)-protein complex of pre-RNA, sedimenting at a position of 15 S on the sucrose gradients, was bound to oligo(dT)-cellulose and subsequently eluted from the column in buffer containing 50 % formamide. Six major proteins were associated with this poly(A) sequence, including the 73 000-Mr poly(A)-binding protein typically seen associated with the poly(A) sequence of mRNA and pre-mRNA. In contrast, neither the 17-S nor the 12-S nRNP was bound to the oligo(dT)- cellulose column indicating that these nRNPs did not contain poly(A) sequences and were, there- fore, nRNP complexes distinctly different from the previously described poly(A)-protein complex of pre-mRNA.


Direct synthesis of vinyl polymers functionalized with photo-labile diethylthiocarbamoylthiyl (S2CNEt2) groups was reviewed via three living polymerization procedures: normal atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reverse ATRP and photo ATRP. The S2CNEt2 group was transferred by mediating the dormant–active species equilibrium in the course of polymerization and eventually ω-terminating the resulting polymer chain. ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was successfully performed with a p-toluenesulfonyl chloride/Cu(S2CNEt2)/2,2′-bipyridine(bpy) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO)/Cu(S2CNEt2)/bpy initiation system. The oxidized complex, Cu(S2CNEt2)Cl/bpy, catalyzed the reverse ATRP of vinyl monomers initiated with BPO or 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), producing tailor-made polymers with ω-S2CNEt2 groups and a narrow molecular-weight distribution. Without external ligands, the living polymerization of vinyl monomers was achieved under the thermal initiation of diethyl 2,3-dicyano-2,3-diphenylsuccinate (DCDPS) in conjunction with Fe(S2CNEt2)3 catalyst. Photo ATRP of MMA and styrene was first realized in the presence of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA)/Fe(S2CNEt2)3 under UV irradiation at ambient temperature. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry


Stochastic multiagent systems have attracted much attention during the past few decades. This paper concerns the continuous-time consensus of a network of agents under directed switching communication topologies governed by a time-homogeneous Markovian process. The agent dynamics are described by linear time-invariant systems, with random noises as well as time-varying delays. Two types of network-induced delays are considered, namely, delays affecting only the output of the agents' neighbors and delays affecting both the agents' own output and the output of their neighbors. We present necessary and sufficient consensus conditions for these two classes of multiagent systems, respectively. The design method of consensus gains allows for decoupling the design problem from the graph properties. Numerical simulations are implemented to test the effectiveness of our obtained results as well as the tightness of necessary/sufficient conditions.


Strees sensitive molecules exhibit great variation in concentration in the circulation and it may often be advantageous to quantify these in urine or feces rather than in serum or plasma. We advocate that all urine‐or feces‐should be collected, and that excretion of stress sensitive molecules should be expressed as amounts excreted per time unit per kg body‐weight, rather than being expressed as concentrations in samples. Urine and feces excretion varies significantly within and between animals over time, which may render simple concentration measures of molecules of little biological relevance.


To treat the effluents from fermentation production of 1,3-propanediol,a lab-scaled mesophilic anaerobic batch reactor was installed,with which a series of experiments were conducted to treat the mixed fermentation wastewater.The experimental result showed that removals of COD and BOD5 from the wastewater of 90.3% and 87.5% respectively at the optimum operating condition.


The tourism industry is one of the priorities. Each country in a represented tourism industry reflects its unique natural resources and cultural and historical heritage. These components are used to form a tourism brand. Thus, to assess a tourism brand, it is necessary to use a comprehensive methodology aimed at defining the impact of factors on the attractiveness of the tourism brand, which allows to analyze and identify those factors that positively and negatively affect the level of tourism brand and need strengthening or leveling. The issue is becoming increasingly important in the field of tourism. Given these facts, the article aims to develop a scientific and methodological approach to modeling the assessment of the impact of factors on the attractiveness of a country's tourism brand and formulate recommendations for improving a country's tourism brand management. The construction of the model is based on the analysis and calculation of statistical data using the method of calculating the integrated indicators. Based on the study, the components have been analyzed, and integrated indicators for assessing the impact of factors on the attractiveness of the country's tourism brand have been calculated. The appropriate methodology has been tested in the case of Ukraine.


How hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) respond to and recover from immunologic stress is not well-understood. We demonstrate that infection with the intracellular bacteria, Ehrlichia muris, induces a transient expansion of bone marrow Lin-negative Sca-1+ cKit+ (LSK) progenitor cells. As inflammation can modulate the expression of surface markers used to phenotype stem and progenitor cells, we addressed whether the phenotypic changes correlated with functional changes in the progenitor cell population. The expansion of LSK cells was associated with a loss of dormant, long-term repopulating HSCs, reduced engraftment, and a bias towards myeloid lineage differentiation. The infection-induced changes required IFNγ signaling, and were accompanied by an expansion of more differentiated multipotent progenitor cells. IFNγ was required for the infection-induced loss of functionally-defined dormant HSCs in label retaining-cell assays. In competitive reconstitution experiments, LSK cells purified from infected IFNγR-deficient mice preferentially engrafted, relative to LSK cells purified from infected wild type mice. Furthermore, the infection-induced changes in progenitor cells were independent of intrinsic MyD88-signaling. We propose that IFNγ elicited during acute infection, provides a signal to dormant HSCs to undergo a rapid transition from dormancy to activity, ostensibly, to provide the host with additional or better-armed innate cells for host defense.


On the basis of a plastic bounding surface model,an anisotropic elasto-plastic model for saturated structured soft clay under cyclic loading is proposed.The effect of damage on structure caused by accumulated plastic strain is modeled with inner variable introduced into the corresponding equations,linking the structure damage with accumulated plastic strain increments.An anisotropic tensor and the rotational hardening law are introduced to reflect the evolution of anisotropy.Besides,by adopting the method of mobile mapping origin,the mapping rule is modified to simulate the elasto-plastic property of soils under cyclic loading.The validity of the model is verified by the cyclic test data of typical structured clay and Shanghai clay.


References 1 Kummervold PE, Chronaki CE, Lausen B et al. eHealth trends in Europe 2005–2007: a population-based survey. J Med Internet Res 2008; 10: e42. 2 Kummervold PE, Wynn R. Health information accessed on the internet: the development in 5 European countries. Int J Telemed Appl 2012; 2012: 297416. 3 http://www.gutefrage.net (accessed in March 2014). 4 http://www.gesundheitsfrage.net (accessed in March 2014). 5 http://www.paradisi.de (accessed in March 2014). 6 http://www.who.int/uv/sun_protection (accessed on 13 November 2014). 7 Petersen B, Wulf HC. Application of sunscreentheory and reality. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2014; 30: 96–101. 8 http://www.krebshilfe.de (accessed on 18 November 2014). 9 http://www.krebshilfe.net (accessed on 18 November 2014). 10 http://www.krebsliga.ch (accessed on 18 November 2014).


This work addresses the problem of dedicated protection of multicast sessions in mixed‐graph optical networks, where only a fraction of the nodes have optical splitting capabilities. A novel multicast routing algorithm for sparse splitting optical networks (the Modified Steiner Tree Heuristic [MSTH]) is initially presented and is subsequently utilized (together with two existing heuristics [MUS and MSH]) by an effective scheme for the calculation of a pair of disjoint trees. The key idea of this New Arc‐Disjoint Trees (NADT) protection technique is to gradually construct the primary tree, verifying that after the addition of each one of the destinations of the multicast session, a secondary (arc‐disjoint) tree can still be obtained. Performance results demonstrate that the proposed NADT protection technique clearly outperforms the conventional Arc‐Disjoint Trees (ADT) approach in terms of blocking ratio, while incurring only a negligible increase of the average cost of the derived pair of ADT. Furthermore, it is shown that the newly proposed algorithm, MSTH‐NADT, is the one having the best performance in terms of cost and blocking, with MSH‐NADT having similar, albeit slightly worse, performance. However, as MSH‐NADT requires much less CPU time compared to MSTH‐NADT, MSH‐NADT can be considered the best compromise technique. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 70(4), 360–372 2017


To investigate the technology of extraction the active components from concentrated pills of DangGui,the technique of Soxhlet's extraction was used to extract ferulic acid.The kinds of solvent and their concentration and the time for the immersion and extraction were determined by the orthogonal design and HPLC was used to determined the contents of ferulic acid.In the conclusion,ferulic acid in the extract could reach their highest concentrations when being extracted by extraction condition that the ratio of methanol and formic acid was 95∶5,the time for the immersion and extraction was 24 hours and 3 hours and the amout of solvent was 60 mL.


In general, "handicraft" refers to hand-made items. For purposes of this paper, essential handicraft refers to handcraft produced for personal use and not for sale. Commercial handicraft is produced for sale for cash returns for the benefit of the producer. Rural handicraft refers to handicraft produced in the rural or communal areas, while African handicraft refers to handicraft that produced in Africa. From time immemorial Swazi women and men produced essential handicraft on a small scale for domestic use and for trading in their villages. Swazi women and men produced products at a small scale for domestic use and for trading in their villages. They produced wares like sleeping grass mats, grass brooms, pottery, sisal dishes, bead work, and baskets which were produced mostly by women. These products were designed by the women without western formal training. (3) The original creativity reflected in the designs of their craftsmanship was embedded in their political, economic and social culture. Such Swazi culturally derived handicrafts were transformed with the development of the sub-regional capitalist economy. Gender differences in the focus on commercial handicraft started with colonization. Male labour migration for low-wage employment called for the women left behind to look to alternative means of making a living. In drier parts of Swaziland characterized by massive migration of men, commercial handicraft production became a viable source of income for women. Women in commercial handicraft in Africa have received attention from scholars who emphasize the economic benefits of rural handicraft. Melinda Ebert (1977) highlights the economic value of basketry among the Basarwa men and women in Botswana. Jonathan Stockland (1978) focuses on Benin women crafters who benefited from commercial handicraft. Rhoda Livinsohn (1980) emphasizes not only the socio-economic value of craft production among the Kwazulu women, but also the resilience of their traditional skills in commercial handicraft. Similarly, Richard Roberts (1984) demonstrates the socio-economic importance of craft production among the Maraka women in Middle Niger. Terry and Cunningham's (1993) focus on basketry in Southern Africa reveals that basketry in the drought prone Karirangwe (Zimbabwe) constituted the major source of income. Likewise, Konstant, T.L.S. Sullivan and A.B Cunningham (1995) demonstrate that basketry in the former Owambo region of Northern Namibia provided women with the means of generating income. Focusing on the technical aspects of handicraft, Terry (2000) reflects on the amount of human and financial resources that kept the Botswana craft sector going. Terry (2001) demonstrates the broad characteristics of Botswana's handicraft producers, products, raw materials, and marketing structures. Michael Lee Yoffe (1978), Gerard Darwin (1975) and Richard Roberts (1987) note that the globalization of handicraft either destroyed African handicraft as an industry, or technically destroyed creativity and originality in the African handicraft coiling and weaving patterns. There are scholars who have highlighted the role of women in handicraft production in other parts of the world. For instance, Little (2004 and 2005) draws a link between political activism and tourist handicraft among the Maya in Central America. Against the backdrop of the existing scholarly works on commercial handicraft, this study traces changes over time in the development of women's commercial handicraft in Lavumisa. This study explores the development of women's commercial handicraft industry in Lavumisa from small scale domestic producers to large scale commercialized production. Since women's commercial handicraft industry in Lavumisa was established specifically for women, it is appropriate to study women's handicraft in Lavumisa within the context of the "women and development (WAD)" theory because "women have always been important economic actors in their societies . …


Foreign Exchange risk arises when a bank holds assets or liabilities in foreign currencies and impacts the earnings and capital of bank due to the fluctuations in the exchange rates.


Background: The placenta, fetus, and mother form a composite functional equilibrium during prenatal period. The dysfunction of placenta often leads to preeclampsia/eclampsia. They remain the major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality. It has been revealed that there is a clear relationship between placental pathology and intrauterine growth restriction in preeclampsia. Aim of this study was to evaluate the histomorphological changes of placenta in pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders and to compare those with normal placenta and to correlate the findings with foetal outcome in terms of APGAR score and birth weights of newborn babies. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. We included 50 pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension as cases and 50 normotensive pregnant women as controls. Specimens of placenta from each cases and controls were collected after delivery and processed by routine histopathology technique. We looked for morphological and histological changes in placenta. We also collected the data on APGAR scores, birth weight and fetal death, if any. Microsoft Excel 2013 and Minitab version 17 were utilized for statistical analysis. Results: We found statistically significant reduction in placental weight, diameter and thickness among cases compared to controls and there is also a strong correlation with the histopathological changes of placenta in hypertensive mothers to fetal weight. Birth weights of newborns to hypertensive mothers were significantly lower than those of normotensive mothers. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of Pregnancy causes significant histomorphological changes in placenta leading to adverse foetal outcome.


Abstract : Many terrorism experts agree that the major objective of terrorist operations is to create an atmosphere of extreme fear and paralysis among the public. The public will then pressure the government to make policy changes in order to avoid future terrorist attacks, a result that terrorists may not be able to achieve on their own. Efforts that educate the public on terrorism and initiatives that strengthen the physical and psychological resilience of citizens may deprive terrorists of this potential weapon. Effective engagement and mobilization of the public in support of counterterrorism policies is critical for the success of counterterrorism efforts in two respects: first, proper education and awareness on the terrorist threat prepares the public for a terror-related disaster, rendering citizens able and willing partners in responding to the respective crises; second, a resilient public can resist the psychological and other potential disabling impact of a terrorist attack on a society, which deprives terrorists of an important weapon.


there has been, in some age groups, an overrepresentation of men in the figures for admission to psychiatric hospital. This is an interesting phenomenon, giving rise to a number of speculative interpretations. It may be that with decreasing beds, greater use of inpatient treatment is linked with ideas about greater need the 'rationing' of psychiatric beds in favour of men or greater threat, where young men are seen more frequently as requiring some form of control and removal from society. With this in mind, this article explores the idea that from the early 1970s onwards we


The mechanical structure and characteristics of high efficiency BH Mellapak packing,which was a new kind of packing,were introduced in detail.Its hydrodynamic property was studied and basic data were obtained.Cases of its application in PVC industry were given.The research results had guidance meaning to the application of high efficiency BH Mellapak packing.


Light-rail transit is being proposed in numerous cities in North America. A primary benefit of light-rail transit (LRT) is the cost savings attained through the utilization of at-grade operation as opposed to grade separated operation typified by rapid, or heavy rail transit. This paper proposes a simplified methodology for evaluating the level of service of streets with at-grade LRT crossings using techniques contained in the Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board Special Report 209).


In 1910 proponents of forward passing again face strong resistance. Camp continues to resist and the vote is close, but the rules committee approves forward passes if completed within twenty yards of the line of scrimmage. Other 1910 changes: anywhere on the field, the offense must have seven men on the line at snapback; pushing or pulling of a runner by offense is no longer allowed; a fourth down is added, as advocated by Camp, making the downs-and-distance rule "ten yards in four downs." In 1912 additional basic changes are made: The field is reconfigured to be one hundred yards long between goal lines, with ten-yard-long end zones added beyond the goal lines. Passes can be completed across the goal line in the end zones. The twenty-yard maximum on passes is removed. Specifications are enacted for the ball.


The dielectric properties and piezoelectric resonance frequency were studied in 0.5 wt% Nb 2 O s doped Pb(Zr z Ti 1-x )O 3 ceramics (z = 0.52 and 0.53) near the morphotropic phase boundary. The inverse dielectric constants were plotted as a function of temperature, and the broad anomaly-related MPB and thermal hysteresis were successfully observed in temperature ranges from 220K to 320K for PZT52/48 and from 300K to 400K K for PZT53/47. The frequency constants of PZT52/48 and PZT53/47 also showed broad anomalies in the same temperature ranges. These broadenings reflect the coexistence of the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases near the MPB. The temperature dependence of electromechanical coupling factor, the shear modulus and Poisson's ratio were determined from the observed data.


Objectives: Evaluation of outcome follicular aspiration compared to coating procedure for infertile women undergoing ICSI regarding frequency and severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Patients & Methods: Infertile PCOS women underwent controlled ovarian stimulation with luteal phase GnRH-agonist long down-regulation protocol. Women developed serum E2 level > 4000 pg/ml and/or >20 follicles of ≥10 mm in diameter were randomly divided to receive coasting strategy (Coasting group) or TVU-guided aspiration (Aspiration group). When ≥3 follicles were ≥18 mm and serum E2 level was <3000 pg/ml, GnRH agonist was continued, and 10,000 IU was administered 36 h before oocyte retrieval, and ICSI was performed 72-hr thereafter and the frequency of moderate-to-severe OHSS was determined. Results: 82 women developed criteria for categorization and 21 women (25.6%) developed moderate-to-severe OHSS; 5 women of aspiration and 16 of Coasting group; with significantly (P = 0.005) lower frequency in aspiration group. Twenty women developed ascites; 3 women had clinically detectable, while 17 women had US detected ascites with significantly (P = 0.039) higher frequency among women that had coasting. All other manifestations of OHSS were significantly lower with aspiration procedure. Both coasting and aspiration therapy significantly reduced serum E2 and ovarian diameter on day of hCG injection compared to estimates taken at time of categorization. Conclusion: Coasting procedure prior to hCG injection could decrease incidence of OHSS and lessens its manifestation. Follicular aspiration provided more superior results and improved outcome of these women. Any of these modalities could be provided to infertile high-risk women according to the availability of experiences and patients' selection.


A shortening element (1) is provided for installing in tyre chains and has two slot-shaped receiving openings (2, 3) which are of different length, are connected to each other and into which chain links (4, 5) can be hooked. An introduction opening (6) opens into one receiving opening (2), extends up to one of the outer edges (7) of the shortening element (1) and is closed by a closing element (8). The chain links (4, 5) are hooked into the receiving openings (2, 3) through the introduction opening (6) and are secured by the closing element (8) against being unhooked. In the event of the shortening element and/or the hooked-in chain links (4, 5) being damaged, said links can, after removing the closing element (8), be unhooked through the introduction opening (6) and removed from the shortening element (1).


"Liyin",as one of the life characteristics of ten talents in Dali Period,also becomes their creative theme,which forms a sharp contrast to the poems of poets in seclusion according to their life contemplation. Poets in seclusion can be divided into two groups——recluse poets and monk poets.The article analyzes their similarities and differences,and makes a comparison with ten talents in Dali Period respectively,which mani- fested their completely different life experiences and the distinctive contrast between the true seclusion spirit of poets in seclusion and the false seclusion spirit of ten talents.According to the latter one,the realistic utilitari- anism manner and value material orientation make a great discount on mental connotation of their works.


Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the US, with most women diagnosed between 55 and 64 years old. Seventy-five percent of women with endometrial cancer are postmenopausal, and the most common symptom is postmenopausal bleeding. Only a few studies have addressed the lack of knowledge and awareness of risk factors and/or health care utilization for early signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate health care utilization among Hispanic women aged ≥50 years who are at risk for endometrial cancer. This retrospective cohort study used a combination of diagnosis and procedure codes from UTMB's electronic health records to identify Texas Hispanic females who had a health encounter at ≥50 years of age between 2012 and 2016. Risk factors included conditions/treatments affecting hormone levels, age, body mass index, diabetes, gravidity, parity, family history of endometrial or colorectal cancer, previous diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer or endometrial hyperplasia, smoking or alcohol use, and treatment with radiation therapy in the pelvis area. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated for predictors of endometrial cancer. The study included 11,563 Hispanic females aged ≥50 years (median age=57). Most women were overweight. Currently, we identified 705 Hispanic females (6.1%) with possible endometrial cancer with validation underway. Females who have a history of vaginal spotting/bleeding, pelvic bleeding, and pelvic pain are at higher risk for endometrial cancer. It is important for physicians to educate patients on recognizing the signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer.


Does the effectiveness of a "Get Out The Vote" (GOTV) contact depend upon the method by which a voter casts a ballot? This study investigates whether those who must vote by mail are more or less responsive to an in-person mobilization message than voters who live in traditional precincts with polling places. We combine a natural experiment designed to isolate the effects of voting by mail with a field experiment probing the impact of a door-to-door GOTV drive. Implementing this design in the November, 2008 general election in San Diego County, we hired professional canvassers to target a total of 29,717 randomly-assigned registered voters. Our preliminary results suggest that a personal GOTV contact has a larger effect on the participation of those who vote at polling places than it does on registrants assigned to vote by mail.


Last November in Beijing, government officials representing member states of the World Health Organisation adopted a declaration that provides a powerful endorsement of traditional medicine and may one day become the foundation for a legally binding resolution.


In the more than 25 years that the United States has been a party to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), most U.S. cases applying the Convention have resulted from either a failure by the parties to provide a choice of law clause that excludes the CISG, or the inclusion of a choice of law clause that implicitly leads to the application of the CISG. Contract lawyers report that they routinely attempt to opt out of the CISG because of simple lack of familiarity. The case of FPM Financial Services, LLC v. Redline Products, LTD, provides an new opportunity, both to consider the proper approach to opting in to the CISG, as well as the problems generated by the U.S. declaration under Article 95 of the CISG, which prevents the application of the CISG through Article 1(1)(b). In this chapter, the authors consider the problematic (pathological) choice of law clause in the contract which was the focus of the Redline Products decision, as well as the law applicable to the exercise of party autonomy in order to choose the substantive law applicable to an international sales contract. This brings together both the substantive law of the CISG and national law, as well as the relevant choice of law (private international law) rules. This discussion includes consideration of approaches to governing party choice of law in the United States and the European Union, as well as the approach found in the 2015 Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts. The chapter also considers the U.S. Article 95 declaration, which prevents the application of the CISG when the sales contract is between a U.S. party and a party with its place of business in a non-Contracting State (such as South Africa), even if the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a U.S. state, which includes the CISG. The declaration adds levels of complexity which make opting in to the CISG particularly difficult when the non-U.S. party to the contract is from a non-Contracting State – as was the case in Redline Products.


Compared ith the traditional wheel-rail train, the maglev train is more vulnerable to lightning strikes due to the lack of contact net protection. In severe cases, it will cause damage to the vehicle-mounted equipment and affect the safety of the train. In order to analyze the indirect effect of lightning on maglev train, the 3D model of maglev train is established. The transmissionline matrix method in CST is used to study the coupling law of cable type, distribution and length of cables under lightning strike. The simulation results show that different types of cables have different coupling characteristics, and the induced current on the shielded cable and the shielded cable is obviously different. With the increase of the distance between the unshielded cable and the bottom of the vehicle and the length of the cable, the induced current of the unshielded cable increases. This method can effectively simulate the indirect effects of the lightning strike on the maglev train, and provides a basis for further research on the protection of the indirect effects of the maglev train.


We introduce in this paper information theoretic tools that can be used in an animat for constructing an internal predictive model. We first explore how information theoretic quantities such as causal entropy can be used for extracting time-dependance between stimuli, allowing for an estimation of the expected delay between two given stimuli. We also provide tools for identifying relevant contingency relationships in the flux of perceptions. For both types of relationship, we also define confidence values based on information quantities. These tools are used together for on-line construction of a predictive model of the environment. We propose an anticipation-based architecture for animats that uses this predictive model for action-decision according to reward expectation. The proposed architecture takes into account the problems of learning sequences of actions and identifying non-occurring expected stimuli. It also incorporates a simple and computationally efficient saliency filtering. We illustrate the effectiveness of the tools proposed with preliminary results about their predictive efficiency when embedded into the proposed architecture. We conclude by discussing the issues addressed by the proposed model, those that are left open and future investigations.


The present invention discloses a storage feature based on forecast price and electric vehicles, according to the discharge revenue loss costs the cost of electricity appliances, charging the cost of batteries for electric vehicles, batteries for electric vehicles as well as batteries for electric vehicles to determine the electricity cost optimization the battery charge state SoC, when its electric car battery SoC returning state that is higher than the cost of electricity to meet the optimization of the battery state of charge SoC, for non-adjustable load power supply, thereby reducing household electricity costs while reducing the power grid at its peak load. Meanwhile, on this basis, can effectively avoid the high-power charging load to a new peak load electricity grid brought and adjust according to the load forecast electricity price will be adjusted to lower peak and trough the use of electricity to maximize the fill low load, effectively resolves the contradiction substantial increase in demand for electricity and household electricity costs between users.


With the increasing operation time of tunnels, the drainage system cannot fulfil its proper function as a result of the deterioration of traditional waterproof and drainage systems (TWDS), such as the blockage of drainage blind pipes and the failure of drainage boards. Therefore, the lining bears a high water pressure and even causes disasters such as tunnel leakage and lining cracking. An effective solution to mitigate these issues is to adjust the tunnel drainage scheme. In view of this, a composite waterproof and drainage system (CWDS) is proposed in this paper. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, a series of model experiments were conducted to study the change law of the seepage field of two drainage systems under different blockage conditions. The study results showed that longitudinal blind pipe blockage caused a more significant increase in water pressure than circular blind pipe blockage. In the case of blind pipe blockage, the water pressure of the TWDS tunnels rise rapidly, while the CWDS tunnels could effectively drain and reduce pressure.


Introduction A central issue in aspect-oriented programming is the design of mechanisms for specifying the crosscutting. Early systems used explicit enumeration of names of messages or methods[…]. Recent versions of AspectJ go beyond this by allowing a crosscut to be described based on semantic properties of the operations involved. We intend for future versions of AspectJ to go even farther in this direction. In this short paper we describe the full range of crosscut specification mechanisms we currently plan. The paper is intended to serve as a foundation for discussion of this important issue.


ABSTRACT We review the linkages between food security, nutrition and wildlife conservation in the early 21st century. Declines in wildlife populations and habitats have occurred in parallel with increasing human population and the global emergence of the double burden of under- and over-nutrition. Nutrition-sensitive landscapes and nutrition- and gender-sensitive value chains are key to delivering optimal food and nutrition security and environmental outcomes. Neglected or underutilized crops and sustainable harvest of wild food have the potential to play a number of roles in the improvement of food security that include being: (a) a way to reduce the risk of over-reliance on very limited numbers of major crops and animals; (b) a way to increase sustainability of agriculture through a reduction in the carbon footprint of agriculture and maintenance of biodiversity; (c) a contribution to food quality; and (d) a way to preserve and celebrate cultural and dietary diversity. Dietary diversity and reduced gree...


Application example of electric-hydraulic servo damper test bench fuzzy control system is presented based on MATLAB6.5.Interactive simulation modeling base was used and stated in detail to establish the system block diagram by applying simulink.Fuzzy toolbox was applied to find fuzzy logic inference relation,to set up subordinate function and create fuzzy control rules,The design procedures of fuzzy controller with the help of MATLAB is carried out to simulate the controlling system.Fuzzy control advantages in control process were illustrated.


Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have attracted great attention due to their unique optical, electrical and chemical properties. MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) exhibit strong quantum confinement, high surface area and notable active edge sites compared to their bulk. In this work, MoS2 QDs were attached on the surface of ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown on interdigitated ITO substrates and then used as photodetector. MoS2 QDs were synthesized by a new ultrafast way pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in liquid method and then spincoated on the surface of ZnO NRs. The pristine ZnO and ZnO/MoS2 QDs photodetector were investigated under UV and visible light (325 nm, 505 nm and 635 nm) with the bias voltage -5 V to 5 V. The results show that the decoration of ZnO NRs by MoS2 QDs could enhance the sensitivity, responsivity and detectivity under UV irradiation. This may due to the decrease of dark current as the result of passivation of surface defects of ZnO NRs by MoS2 QDs.


The aim of my work was to show the performative nature of the stage performances of the musical group Rammstein. Due to their amazing nature, the group's shows can be treated as artistic performances. In my dissertation, I will determine whether there is an increased impact on the viewer by artistic means, throwing them out of the passive attitude of the observer and encouraging them to take action within the spectacle in real time. This interaction is possible and closely related to the acts of communication that can be transmitted through a specific communication channel or, as in the case of stage implementation, connect them with each other. So far, there has been no publication that deals with such an analysis of Rammstein's concerts.


The scope of research of this paper covers the monetary reform undertaken by the Soviet Union in December 1947. The target is to show that despite the Marxist statement of withering-away of money at the first stage of communist formation, the Soviet state attached a great importance to the development of the nation's institution of money. Besides, the monetary system of the USSR, as envisioned by the country's leadership, was expected to become the blueprint for the global social currency system as an alternative of the Bretton Woods system of monetary management. The author concludes that despite all efforts of the Soviet leadership to reform the monetary system, its effect was quite limited in the context of economic efficiency and had not lead to the establishment of the global social currency system. The survey method offers deductions and inductions, organic continuity of discussion, etc. The monetary system of the country offers the field of the corresponding results' application. Keywords—money; monetary reform; currency assets; international monetary system; national economy


The effects of premature edge breakdown (PEB) and available PEB prevention (PEBP) techniques in silicon avalanche photodiode fabrication using the standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process are scrutinized in this paper. Impact of device simulation and its induced impacts on fabrication are addressed based on our design, simulation and fabrication experiences. Three most common PEBP techniques are implemented followed by a systematic study aimed at miniaturization, while optimizing the overall performance. The p-well-, p-sub- and n-well-based PEBP techniques are evaluated and compared based on simulation and fabrication results using the standard CMOS process. The results demonstrate that the n-well guard ring offers the most efficient PEBP technique. This technique offers a high-gain (∼800), low-noise dark current rate (DCR = 40 Hz), high detection efficiency (70%) avalanche photodiode with a higher functionality probability.


Permission-based e-mail marketing programs featuring electronic newsletters have become a key element of the sport promotion landscape. Unfortunately, however, little information is available to guide sport or event marketers in the development of an e-newsletter program. To fill this gap, this study examines whether individuals with a high versus low level of attitudinal loyalty to a university athletic program differ in their interest in receiving an electronic newsletter from the athletic department and their preferences for specific e-newsletter options. Study participants, students at a Midwestern US university, were classified into loyalty groups and evaluated conjoint profiles for a hypothetical athletic program newsletter described in terms of four factors: e-newsletter frequency, information (teams/sports) covered, type of content provided, and content location. The findings indicated that interest in receiving the e-newsletter and preferences for the study factors differed by loyalty group; and in a manner consistent with the permission marketing and sport loyalty research literature.


After CRT display technology and LCD display technology,the OEL(PLED/OLED)was ansidened as the third generation display technology in the display technical field, and PLED display is the third generation display as the technology is suitable for the large size television technology. Through the analysis on PLED principle, technique, market, development condition and application prospect,This article tries to promulgate the broad prospect of the PLED in the future.


We classify all twist-even squeezed states in string field theory which are diagonal in the kappa-basis and simultaneously surface states. For this purpose, we derive a consistency condition for the maps defining kappa-diagonal surface states. It restricts these maps to a two-parameter family of Jacobi sine functions. Not all of them are admissible maps for surface states; standard requirements single out two one-parameter families containing the generalized butterfly states and the wedge states.


ABSTRACT This article reflects part of the results obtained from a wider research project aimed at the elaboration of a "Map of Good Intercultural Practices" in several areas of social intervention in Andalusia, Spain. It also reports the results obtained from the analysis portion related to the participating projects within the social services. Intercultural assessment was conducted at the level of institutional intervention through a 32-item questionnaire that was sent to 139 intercultural project-leading institutions measuring intercultural sensitivity. A definition of the fundamental concepts of "interculturality" and "good practice" is given to support the foundations of "good intercultural practice" (GIP). Such definitions help in the design and validation of a GIP Scale that was used in the analysis of 60 social services projects with an intercultural component. The results obtained underline the relevance of aspects such as intercultural empathy and show significant differences between the social services and other intervention sectors. Future research is proposed that studies GIP scale in other intervention sectors such as the private and public sector. Also, the transferability of the instruments and methodology used makes it possible that the research presented in this article is conducted in other geographical areas.


: Development in the digital area during most recent decades has made the possibility and fear of being disrupted by digital platforms, communities, and digital services more present. Even though theories of disruption and managerial implications have been explored and developed since the mid 90's, some characteristics applying to the digital domain, i.e. lower development costs and fast scalability, call for nuanced theories and methodologies. This paper is a first endeavour into developing a specialized theory and methodology for digital disruption. The aim is to provide an overview of research within the area of digital disruption and its correspondence to more traditional disruptive innovation theory. The outcome of the paper is a framework that highlights characteristics of digital disruption as a special category of disruptive innovation and thereby highlights vital aspects and perspectives that need to be taken into consideration when working with digital disruption compared to disruptive innovation in general.


Constitutionalism is indispensable from the implementation of constitution. However, it is not often the case that constitutionalism can be realized through the implementation of constitution; because there exists contradiction between the rules in the recorded constitution and the idea contained in the essence of constitution. The essence of constitution is an important concept in the field. It holds the view that the essence of constitution is the reflection of humanization of the state power system in the constitution and it governs the basic content of constitution. The essence of constitution is intensively manifested through the principles, norms and regulations of constitution and it is the nature, the core of constitution as well as the guiding principle of the establishment.


The theoretical and practical issues of inadmissibility narrowing the content and scope of the rights and freedoms enshrined guarantees specified in law and its practical application. Points to the problems that arise in society and state in connectionwith the use ofthis security andits impact on the state of human rights and freedoms in the country. Further details disclosed concepts content and scope of rights and freedoms.


Suppose that \(f\) is a homeomorphism from the punctured unit disk \(D \setminus \{0\}\) onto the annulus \(A(r') = \{r' < |z| <1 \}\), \(r' \geq 0\), and \(f\) is quasiconformal in every \(A(r)\), \(r> 0\), but not in \(D\). If \(r' > 0\) then \(f\) has cavitation at \(0\) and no cavitation if \(r' = 0\). The singular factorization problem is to find harmonic functions \(h\) in \(A(r')\) such that \(h \circ f\) satisfies the elliptic PDE associated with \(f\) with a singularity at \(0\). Sufficient conditions in terms of the dilatation \(K_{f^{-1}}(z)\) together with the properties of \(h\) are given to the factorization problem, to the continuation of \(h \circ f\) to \(0\) and to the regularity of \(h \circ f\). We also give sufficient conditions for cavitation and non-cavitation in terms of the complex dilatation of \(f\) and demonstrate both cases with several examples.


Our country has entered the new stage to develop higher education on a mass scale.The environment,the situations both at home and abroad and the targets of education have deeply changed.Facing the new challenge of cultivation and improvement of university student's ideological standards and political awareness,we must keep up with the time and structure the new system to meet the changing situation in which university student's ideology and politics education work will be strengthened and improved conscientiously.


Exploiting the full potential of the World Wide Web will require semantic as well as syntactic interoperability. This can best be achieved by providing a further representation and inference layer that builds on existing and proposed web standards. The OIL language extends the RDF schema standard to provide just such a layer. It combines the most attractive features of frame based languages with the expressive power, formal rigour and reasoning services of a very expressive description logic.


Making inter-sector cooperation in building the foundation of volunteering in Malopolska. Case study of "Malopolski projekt «Miec wyobraźnie milosierdzia»". The article overviews inter-sector cooperation in building the foundation of volunteering. It is a case study of volunteering project conducted in Malopolska by local authorities. The project has been analyzed according to 4C Adil Najam's model.


It's a Franchise! Nicholas Michaud, ed. Frankenstein and Philosophy: The Shocking Truth. Chicago: Open Court, 2013. 302 pp. ISBN 9780812698367. $19.95 pbk.Reviewed by John RiederTo many scholars and students of science fiction, Frankenstein is likely to seem one of the most obvious of texts around which to convene a set of philosophical commentaries, because of its incredibly rich reception history and the profound resonance of its plot and themes within the history of sf and its neighboring genres. But it is not at all the case that Frankenstein and Philosophy: The Shocking Truth, edited by Nicholas Michaud, reflects a special investment by its editor or contributors in the distinctive power and history of Frankenstein. This book is volume 79 in Open Court's Popular Culture and Philosophy series. The series began in 2000 with Seinfeld and Philosophy, followed in 2001 by The Simpsons and Philosophy, in 2002 by The Matrix and Philosophy, and in 2003 by Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Philosophy and The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy. At the time I am writing this review, in June 2014, the series has reached 85 volumes, and the forthcoming volumes listed on the press's website will bring the number to over 100 by 2017.Obviously the publishers have discovered a successful formula: get together a dozen or two philosophy scholars, assign them a popular cultural text as their point of departure, and have them write ten-page articles with snappy titles like "So, You Want to Be a Mad Scientist" or "Sure It's Aliiiive, but Does It Have a Sooooul?" introducing philosophical topics to first-year philosophy students or perhaps fans of the show or movie or writer (volume 63 in the series is Philip K. Dick and Philosophy). The articles are further divided into bite-size one- or two-page subsections, each with a snappy subtitle, and the Frankenstein and Philosophy volume is divided into six sections with similar headings. For instance, there is a section on questions of ethics in scientific research titled "I Made a Monster! Now What?" and a section on personal identity, personhood, and constructions of the other titled "Dr. Frankenstein's Monster Identification Kit." Clearly there is a danger that this can be altogether too cute, and that the attempt to popularize philosophy and stress its relevance to everyday pursuits instead ends up merely condescending to the popular cultural texts and to the discipline of cultural studies by using them as bait to draw students or fans into thinking about more serious (i.e., philosophical) topics.I found this volume a somewhat uneven mix of essays, a few of which succumb to the dangers of cuteness and condescension just mentioned, but many of which admirably succeed in delivering substantial, engaging introductions to a wide range of philosophical problems relevant to Mary Shelley's novel and its cinematic adaptations. I particularly enjoyed Christopher Ketcham's lucid account of Nietzsche's Also Sprach Zarathustra in "Frankenstein and Zarathustra-Godless Men" and Spyros Petrounakos's elegant reading (via the Cartesian meditations) of the tension between internal and external experiences in "Getting Inside the Monster's Head." Petrounakos's essay distinguishes itself from most of the others in the volume by its careful attention to Shelley's novel. …


Recently, many tourists visit Japan from various countries. Hence, automatic speech translation device is desired for services in various business scenes at a shopping, a station, a town, and a hotel. For realizing speech translation with higher accuracy under these situations, speech from user must be captured and recognized accurately even under various kinds of noise environments. In this study, we developed adaptive beamformer technology for speech enhancement under noisy environments and evaluated speech recognition performance.


In this paper we present an empirical examination of
deep convolution neural network (DCNN) performance in
different color spaces for the classical problem of image
recognition/classification. Most such deep learning architectures
or networks are applied on RGB color space image data set, so our
objective is to study DCNNs performance in other color spaces.
We describe the design of our novel experiment and present
results on whether deep learning networks for image recognition
task is invariant to color spaces or not. In this study, we have
analyzed the performance of 3 popular DCNNs (VGGNet, ResNet,
GoogleNet) by providing input images in 5 different color
spaces(RGB, normalized RGB, YCbCr, HSV , CIE-Lab) and
compared performance in terms of test accuracy, test loss, and
validation loss. All these combination of networks and color
spaces are investigated on two datasets- CIFAR 10 and
LINNAEUS 5. Our experimental results show that CNNs are
variant to color spaces as different color spaces have different
performance results for image classification task.


Abstract Biomedical application of swimming microrobots such as controlled drug delivery, microsurgery and diseases monitoring have made the researches conspicuous in MEMS technology. In this paper, inspired by the flagellar motion of microorganisms (i.e. bacteria) in nature, a 3-DOF swimming microrobot is developed and analyzed. The body of the microrobot is driven by use of three prokaryotic flagella. The rotation of each flagellum in the fluid media leads to propulsion in the microrobot. At first, attention is focused on the dynamic modeling of the microrobot's motion and then, a suitable controller is designed for its tracking performance. We use resistive-force theory to derive the propulsion force generated by the flagella. Feedback linearization method is used to control the motion of the swimming microrobot for tracking performance. It is seen that, by applying three flagella, the microrobot enables to do 3-D maneuvers. The results show that the tracking performance is guaranteed by use of the designed controller and the microrobot can be controlled to do desired maneuvers and follow the desired trajectory.


The teenage population in America reflects the increasingly diverse racial and ethnic make-up of the United States.1 Against the backdrop of this steadily growing minority youth population, the U.S government has implemented drastic changes in the content of sex education classes in public schools. A significant portion of schools now teach abstinence from sexual relations as the 2 only way to avoid pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Controversy over this new focus on "abstinence-only" education is rife. Supporters believe that it represents a novel public health approach, while detractors are concerned that it restricts needed health information, often provides medically inaccurate instruction, and infuses prejudice, stereotypes, and religious morals into public schools. Dorothy Roberts, a noted scholar on race and reproductive health, challenges Americans to make "race take center stage in our deliberations about reproductive health policy." 3 Racial equality


The characteristics of the additional electrical noise generated by iron oxide thermistor bolometer flakes due to direct current passing through the units is investigated. It is found that the noise is similar to the current noise observed in other semiconductors. The current noise power density is observed to depend inversely upon frequency, to be approximately proportional to the direct current, and to be independent of temperature. It is indicated that the major source of the noise is at the electrodes which make electrical contact to the semiconductor. Electrodes produced by evaporated gold applied through a potential difference are found to yield relatively low noise flakes.


Many DNA-binding proteins that are involved in the differential regulation of gene expression are composed of multiple discrete modules. Association of the homeobox-encoded helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif with conserved modules, such as the paired box or thePOU domain, has led to the definition of structurally and functionally related subfamilies of regulatory proteins. The zinc finger, which is the second major nucleic acid-binding motif characterized to date, defines large multigene families in higher eukaryotes; we have isolated more than 100 Xenopus finger protein-encoding cDNAs and in this study we show that at least 10 of these clones share extensive sequence homologies in a region of more than 200 amino acids in the N-terminal nonfinger portion of the predicted proteins, which is connected to variable finger dusters. We refer to this element as a finger-associated boxes (FAX) domain. Cross-hybridization with human genomic DNA indicates that the finger-associated boxes domain is evolutionary conserved. Northern blot analysis shows that the corresponding genes are differentially expressed in the course of early Xenopus embryogenesis. The composite modular structure of proteins involved in the differential regulation of gene expression during embryogenesis in higher eukaryotes is directly reflected on the level of primary sequence. Conserved domains with DNA binding potential, such as the homeobox (1) and the zinc (Zn) finger repeat (2, 3), define two major groups ofthese proteins. Other conserved modules, such as the paired box (4) or the POU domain (5), were found to be associated with the homeobox, and these sequences define structurally and possibly functionally related subfamilies of homeobox proteins. The Zn finger proteins constitute large multigene families in higher eukaryotes (6-9); however, although the structure of a large number of these molecules has been characterized (for review, see ref. 10), to our knowledge, common elements outside of the finger repeats have not been discovered. Led by the hypothesis that conserved structure implies conserved function and due to the lack of direct genetic criteria for gene function in Xenopus development, we have isolated finger-motif-encoding genes that are expressed in the oocyte and/or early embryo. The structure and the temporal RNA expression of more than 100 finger-motif-encoding clones from Xenopus oocyte and gastrula cDNA libraries were characterized (ref. 8 and unpublished data). Here we report on the structure and expression of a subfamily of Zn finger proteins in Xenopus characterized by common conserved modules that are located at the N terminus of these proteins and connected to variable finger domains.t MATERIALS AND METHODS cDNA Cloning and DNA Sequence Analysis. Xenopus laevis oocyteand gastrula-derived cDNA libraries were screened under reduced stringency by use of a finger-motif-encoding Xenopus cDNA fragment as described (8). XlcOF (X. laevis cDNA oocyte finger) and XlcGF (X. laevis cDNA gastrula finger) clones were subcloned into M13. Inserts were completely sequenced using exonuclease and mung bean/S1 nuclease-generated deletion mutants and/or synthetic internal primers. mRNA Preparation and RNA Blot Analysis. Glyoxylated poly(A)+ RNA preparations (10 ,ug per lane) separated on 1.2% agarose gels and transferred to GeneScreenPlus membranes (NEN) were hybridized with random-hexanucleotideprimed cDNA fragments as described (8). DNA Blot Analysis. EcoRI-digested genomic DNA preparations were electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel and blotted to a nitrocellulose membrane. Hybridization under lowstringency conditions was achieved by incubation with a random-hexanucleotide-primed 32P-labeled 410-base-pair fragment of XlcOF-7.1 (including nucleotides encoding amino acids from the valine in the F box to the first tryptophan behind the H box) in 4x SSC/10x Denhardt's solution/0.5% SDS/1 mM EDTA at 62°C overnight. (lx SSC = 0.15 M NaCI/0.015 M sodium citrate, pH 7.0; lx Denhardt's solution = 0.02% polyvinylpyrrolidone/0.02% Ficoll/0.02% bovine serum albumin.) The final wash was in 0.2 x SSC at 60°C and autoradiography was at -70°C for 40 hr. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Screening ofXenopus ovary and gastrula stage cDNA libraries with a finger-protein-encoding DNA fragment (XlcNF1) led to the isolation of more than 100 cDNA clones encoding different finger proteins (ref. 8 and unpublished results). A systematic comparative sequence analysis of the Xenopus Zn-finger protein family revealed an extended conserved protein domain connected to structurally diverse finger repeats in 10 of the clones isolated. Fig. 1 shows structure and sequence for several representative examples. Three major structural units can be distinguished from each other. (i) Multiple copies of the finger motif are always located in the C-terminal region of the predicted proteins; the structure of these repeats exhibits all the characteristics typified in the Kruppel gene product (3): they belong to the C2H2 class of finger proteins (10) and most elements are connected by a conserved sequence of seven amino acids, referred to as the H/C-link (6). The number and sequence of individual repeats are variable, suggesting that these elements define proteins Abbreviation: FAX, finger-associated boxes. tThe sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank data base (accession nos. M25866-M25873). 6097 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 6098 Biochemistry: Knochel et al.


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The aim of the study was to identify the essence and trends of development of niche agriculture as a direction of the development of the agricultural activity of small agricultural producers and as a way to increase their competitiveness and positioning on the agricultural products market against a background of polarization processes and the duality of the agrarian sphere of the economy in the Ukraine. The subject of the study is theoretical and practical aspects of the processes of niche agriculture development in the Ukraine with an identification of the main reasons that inhibit it. The scientific dialectical approach to eco-phenomena, analysis and synthesis in combination with induction and deduction methods, as well as a topic literature review were used during the research. It is established that, under conditions of agricultural polarization in the Ukraine on two groups of producers – large and small ones, the niche direction of agricultural development, already quite noticeable and diversified in the Ukraine, can be a real way to increase the ability of small businesses to survive economically and significantly increase their level of profitability. However, the further development of this direction can achieve sufficient pace and effectiveness, if it is provided by the purposeful activity of government, aimed at eliminating barriers to the development of niche agriculture.


This research based on the many problematic rural banks (BPR) in Indonesia and had declared as failing banks those their business licenses had revoked by the bank supervisory authority. This paper aims to explain the conditions that occurred in the last years of a BPR before experiencing failure and to analyze the causes of this condition based on interviews with practitioners who had taken handle failed bank resolutions and references and financial indicators in the BPR. The bank condition is seen based on the financial reports for the last two years submitted by the BPR to the bank supervisory authority. This research was conducted by conducting interviews, studying literature, and analyzing the main financial ratios of banks by taking a sample of 31 rural banks whose business licenses had been revoked by the bank supervisory authority. The concluding of this study is mismanagement is the main factor that has impacted increasing of Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Operating Expense to Operating Income (OEOI), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), it Also has consistently decreasing Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Return on Asset (ROA).


The populations of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were analysed in modified extensive shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture pond, located on the bank of Vellar estuary, Parangipettai, India, for ten months covering two consecutive culture operations. The microbial load in water, sediment and culture species was more in the first culture than the second. The microbial load increased with the days of culture, mainly due to the organic load in the pond environment, however, physico-chemical parameters such as salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were within the permissible limits throughout the culture. Sediments had more bacterial load than water and shrimps. A heavy load of THB (40% vibrios) and V. parahaemolyticus was observed in the first culture that faced a serious viral disease problem (white spot disease) and mass mortality at the final stages of culture. The bacteria might have acted as primary pathogen by facilitating the entry of viron particles as well as secondary pathogen, leading to mass mortality of shrimps. Prophylactic measures, regular use of disinfectants and proper pond bottom management have reduced bacterial load in second disease-free successful culture operation.


The distribution of electromagnetic pressures is computed on magnetic induction intensity, eddy density, and skin depth, which are calculated by AφA of 3-D FEM in electromagnetic confinement and shaping. The pressures on round-rectangle samples with different width-thickness ratio are analyzed. The higher the width-thickness ratio is, the higher the electromagnetic pressure differential between broad edge and narrow edge is. The direction change of eddy current coming from the angle structure changes the distribution of electromagnetic pressure. When the radius of round angle is close or little than skin depth, the electromagnetic pressure between the round angle and the straight edge will be attenuated. This distribution of electromagnetic pressure makes shaping the section with large width-thickness ratio and little round angle more difficult.


Photocatalysis is a green technology with important application prospects in environmental fields such as wastewater treatment. Here, we synthesized chrysanthemum‐like BiOBr microspheres (CLB0.45) under introduction of structure guide and soft‐template. Natural biomass chitosan (CS) in the precursor of BiOBr successfully suppressed the growth of both (001) and (102) lattice planes through solvent effect, and promote the expose of (110) lattice planes that dominated the photocatalytic performance. Significantly, the polymer chains regulated the nanosheets of BiOBr to accurately self‐assemble. The obtained CLB0.45 had narrower band gap and more active sites due to surface defects, and the photocatalysts have higher photo‐electron hole pairs separation efficiency. And the degradation performance towards RhB (99.7%, 30 min) of the CLB0.45 was increased, which was 4.6 times higher than that of pure BiOBr. The degradation rate of tetracycline (TC) also exhibited excellent (85.3%). The photodegradation mechanism of CLB0.45 was proposed and verified. In summary, the prepared CLB0.45 through structure guiding and soft‐template have a promising future in the photocatalytic purification of organic pollutants.


Physics and mind are two major causes of motion. In a leashchasing display, a disc ("sheep") is being chased by another disc ("wolf"), which is physically constrained by a leash attached to a third disc ("master"). A number of interesting motions can emerge from this simple system, such as a wolf being dragged away from its target. Therefore, it is important for vision to jointly infer a physics-mind combination that can best explain the motions. Here we reported two discoveries from studying this display to support this theory. First, an intuitive physical system like a leash can greatly lessen the detrimental effects of spatial deviation and the diminishing objecthood on perceived chasing, strengthening its robustness. Second, a mutual dependency exists between physics and mind, where disrupting one will inevitably result in an impaired perception on the other. These results collectively support a joint perception of physics and mind.


ABSTRACT In this paper we design a test to detect the arrivals of jumps in asset prices contaminated by market microstructure noise. This test is defined by means of the truncated two-scales realised volatility estimator, recently introduced in Brownlees, Nualart, and Sun [2019, 'On the Estimation of Integrated Volatility in the Presence of Jumps and Microstructure Noise', https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2791342.], which is a robust estimator of the realised volatility in the presence of price jumps and market microstructure noise. We derive the asymptotic value of the power of the test given the significance level, and provide conditions for the test to be consistent. Simulations show that the test performs satisfactorily when the sampling frequency is high. In particular, we show that the test performs better than some prevalent jump tests. We also provide a real data example to illustrate the proposed method.


EnglishThis article builds on comments by Pierre Leveque and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, in 1964, about Cleisthenes the Athenian as political thinker, from an interdisciplinary perspective. It brings several significant elements as a complement to the way they reconstruct political thinking in Ancient Greece. First and in opposition to the Hegelian conception of reason as an actor in History that prevails in their work, the article presents the various thinkers as actors themselves within their own social and political context. Then the body of the sources referred to is extended to archaic poetry, going back to the beginnings of the literary tradition. Though often fragmentary, these works have recently been put forward as actual means of expression and exchange of political ideas in archaic times. Finally, the article reexamines the historiographic issue whether the Athenian reformer can be considered a political thinker or not. Against the background of recent studies on the circulation of knowledge in archaic times, Pierre Leveque and Pierre Vidal-Naquet's hypothesis that Cleisthenes might have drawn inspiration from other "intellectual" projects of reconstruction of the civic body (Thales, Demonax) seems convincing enough. Therefore it is still worth reading their work and discussing it in depth. francaisCet article prend comme point de depart les reflexions de Pierre Leveque et Pierre Vidal-Naquet en 1964 sur Clisthene l'Athenien en tant que penseur politique dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. On propose quelques complements substantiels a leur reconstruction de la pensee politique en Grece archaique. D'abord, au contraire de leur approche articulee autour d'une vision « hegelienne » de « la raison » en tant qu'acteur dans l'histoire, sont mis en avant les differents penseurs en tant qu'acteurs dans leur contexte social et politique propre. Ensuite, le corpus de sources exploitees est ici elargi a la poesie archaique, en remontant jusqu'aux debuts de la tradition litteraire. Ces œuvres, certes souvent fragmentaires, ont recemment ete mises en avant comme moyen pour l'expression et l'echange des idees politiques a l'epoque archaique. Enfin est reprise la question discutee dans l'historiographie dec savoir si le reformateur athenien peut etre considere comme un penseur politique. Devant l'arriere-plan des travaux recents sur la circulation des savoirs a l'epoque archaique, l'hypothese proposee jadis par Pierre Leveque et Pierre Vidal-Naquet que Clisthene aurait pu s'inspirer d'autres projets « intellectuels » de restructuration du corps civique (Thales, Demonax) apparait comme convaincante. Leur œuvre merite donc toujours une lecture et discussion approfondies.


This paper describes a novel test procedure for the experimental study of hydraulic fracturing carried out on a PFA-based artificial 'soil'. The technique was based on use of a 250 mm Rowe consolidation cell to contain a hollow cylindrical, i.e. annular specimen. The role played by the tensile strength of the soil was considered in the tests, contrasting with the majority of investigations where it was assumed that either zero or was negligible. The split cylinder test, otherwise known as the Brazilian Test, was used to determine the tensile strength of the soil.


Since caffeine and high-fat diet both can cause blood glucose increase and insulin secretion, and insulin can help blood glucose to get into cells. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the intracellular interaction between caffeine and high-fat diet. C57BL/6JNarl mice were fed on low-fat and high-fat diet to evaluate effects of caffeine on blood glucose and Akt activity. Results indicated that body fat, blood glucose and total Akt were significantly increased in high-fat diet (HFD) group. However Akt-pSer473 did not increased, especially in muscle tissue. After caffeine injection, blood glucose concentrations were spiking higher in HFD group and Akt-pSer473 contents were also increased in liver and fat, but not in muscle. It seems that high-fat diet blocks Akt activation in muscle, but not in liver and fat tissue. It is suggested that the obese subjects should be careful about caffeine uptake to avoid blood glucose spiking. Chromium is known can help insulin function in type 2 diabetic subjects. After caffeine injection, it was found that chromium in metabolic tissue is significantly lowered in HFD group, but not in normal diet group. It is suggested that the muscle chromium decreasing in HFD group's tissue may impede the Akt activation.


The optimum conditions of the anion-exchange fiber absorbig the bromine ion, such as ion density, the pH value, time, temperature were studied. The results show that the fiber has features of fast and larger bromine ion exchange capacity and easy regeneration.


Relating two spectral vegetation indices (VI) is a fundamental issue for decades in the satellite remote sensing community. Recently, this issue has attracted much attention from varieties of environmental science communities in the context of data continuity by successive satellite sensors which may affect the accuracy of global circulation models. This work introduces a derivation of relationships between two VI's. The derived expression was numerically demonstrated by applying to the case of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) observed at different pairs of wavelengths. The result indicates a direction toward NDVI translations among past, current and future sensors.


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the postgenomic era, the characterization of protein net-works has become a major focus of scientific interest. To inter-pret signal transduction through membrane receptors and tobuild a model of a signaling network, it is essential to obtainthe spatiotemporal activities of participating molecules.Although a plethora of different approaches is available fordissecting the protein interactome such molecular interactionsare often determined by modern biophysical methods such asForster resonance energy transfer (FRET, which is often inter-€preted to stand for fluorescence resonance energy transfer)providing more quantitative and statistically more robustinformation than classical molecular biological approacheslike coprecipitation, chemical crosslinking, yeast two-hybrid-type approaches, and so on (1,2).FRET is a process by which radiationless transfer ofenergy occurs from a donor fluorophore to an acceptor placedin close proximity to the donor. The probability of the energytransfer is characterized by the FRETefficiency (E), which tellsus what fraction of excited donor molecules relaxes by trans-ferring their excitation energy to the acceptor. The rate of theFRET process depends on the negative 6th power of the do-nor–acceptor distance, so the FRET efficiency can serve as aspectroscopic ruler allowing sensitive determination of inter-molecular and intramolecular distances under ideal conditions(3). FRET is the consequence of the interaction between thedonor and acceptor dipoles and the dependence of its rate onthe negative 6th power of the donor–acceptor separation dis-tance is the result of the ''resonance'' between the donor andthe acceptor dipoles which is distributed over a wide spectralrange characterized by the overlap integral (4). Because of theFRET process, among others, the fluorescence intensity andlifetime of the donor dye decreases and at the same time thefluorescence intensity of the acceptor increases (sensitizedemission). The FRETefficiency can be determined by variousmethods taking advantage of one or more of these spectro-scopic changes (2,5). We can classify them, somewhat arbitra-rily, into (a) lifetime-based methods determining the fluores-cence lifetime components directly or instead, a spectroscopicquantity related to the lifetime (such as the characteristic do-nor photobleaching rate in a donor photobleaching experi-ment) and (b) intensity-based methods measuring donorquenching and/or sensitized emission. Intensity-based meth-ods are usually called ratiometric, as these approaches involvethe division of two fluorescence intensities roughly corre-sponding to those measured in the absence and presence ofFRET. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is asophisticated approach which is getting more and more wide-spread even though it is cumbersome, requires highly specia-lized equipment and involves long acquisition time (6). Itshould be mentioned, however, that inventive and modernevaluation methods have been developed for FLIM to reducethe necessary acquisition time (7–9). On the contrary, ratio-metric FRET methods provide higher speed of acquisition,require less sophisticated equipment, but can be challengingbecause of the significant fluorescence spectral bleed-throughoriginating from the donor and the acceptor into the FRET


The relations between the latent variables in structural equation models are typically assumed to be linear in form. This article aims to explain how a specification error test using instrumental variables (IVs) can be employed to detect unmodeled interactions between latent variables or quadratic effects of latent variables. An empirical example is presented, and the results of a simulation study are reported to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the test and compare it with the commonly employed chi-square model test. The results show that the proposed test can identify most unmodeled latent interactions or latent quadratic effects in moderate to large samples. Furthermore, its power is higher when the number of indicators used to define the latent variables is large. Altogether, this article shows how the IV-based test can be applied to structural equation models and that it is a valuable tool for researchers using structural equation models.


Abstract Past research shows a discrepancy between apparent nitrogen supply and the annual growth requirements for early successional plant communities along the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska. Because previous measurements of nitrogen fixation, mineralization, and deposition can only account for approximately 26% of these communities' nitrogen requirements, other mechanisms of nitrogen supply should be operating. This study examined the potential for subsurface hydrology to supply nitrogen to the rooting zones of early successional plant communities. Three transects of ground water wells were established along the floodplain, and hydrologic characteristics and soil/water chemistry were measured for 2 y. Hydrologic measurements were then used to model the potential nitrogen contributions from advective flow and capillary rise. Ion exchange membranes and stable isotope tracers were used to identify the use of hyporheic nitrogen by vegetation. Nitrogen accumulation on ion exchange membranes showed a large input of nitrogen during a period of high water in 2003. Plants showed uptake of hyporheic 15N-labelled nitrogen at 2 of 4 locations. Models of capillary rise and advective flow estimated that nitrogen supply from subsurface water equalled or exceeded total nitrogen supply from nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen fixation combined. These findings underscore the importance of hyporheic processes in controlling nutrient supply to early successional vegetation on the Tanana River floodplain.


ABSTRACT A ring R is called strongly prime (DR, CTF, CC) if a(E(R)) = 0 or o(E(R)) = E(R) for all torsion preradicals (idempotent radicals, torsion radicals, cotorsion radicals) σ on Mod-R. (DR and CC rings were introduced recently by Katayama). Examples are provided which distinguish these four conditions one from another and which show each condition to be one-sided. A conjecture of Handelman and Lawrence, to the effect that a ring is CTF if its singular ideal is strongly prime, is disproved, and it is shown that a nonsingular CTF ring is strongly prime iff all of its nonsingular quasi-injective modules are injective. It is also proved that hereditary CTF rings are strongly prime.


A stakeholder approach was used in the evaluation of the basic science courses of the University of North Dakota School of Medicine. The stakeholder approach attempted to structure the working relationship between the evaluator and the program stakeholders so that they participated in choosing issues, data to be collected, and ways to organize and present the data. The clients in this evaluation had a sense of input and control; changes accepted as policy directives were based on their recommendations. Growth in a planned direction resulted from this evaluation process. The model used, one of evaluation as an active process occurring in a political situation, is adaptable to many situations. Factors contributing "..o a successful stakeholder evaluation include: (1) identifying the decision makers; (2) defining the evaluation's nature, character, and purpose; (3) establishing congruence between the goals and objectives of the evaluator and the audience; (4) legitimizing different stakes in the program; and (5) providing information to the appropriate person in an acceptable format. (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


In order to slow down the speed of population decline, the Chinese government has opened up the two-child policy, collected and organized population data over the years, considered the impact of the two-child policy, selected the two-child policy as an intervention factor, and established an intervention-based ARMA(2,1) model , and finally use the intervention ARMA(2,1) model to predict that the total population at the end of 2021 will be 1,432,022,000.


Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds (1942-2016) was one of European pioneers of theoretical computer science, making important contributions to the theory of probabilistic algorithms and other fields of theoretical computer science. He was also my first research supervisor at the University of Latvia and influenced my research career quite substantially. In this article, I describe some of my research experiences working together with him, from the first exercises in his undergraduate seminar to how we started working on quantum computing.