This present research work focuses on the hot corrosion performance of the base metal, weldment, and weld metal of A-286 alloy in sodium sulphate (Na2SO4)–5% sodium chloride (NaCl)–7.5% sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) (3SM) atmosphere at 700 °C. A pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process is employed to make a similar joining of A-286 alloy using the filler material ERNiCrMo-3. The corrosion kinetics of the specimens has been determined using the thermo-gravimetric technique. The phase compositions of the reaction products are studied by X-ray diffraction, and the surface morphology of the scales is explored by scanning electron microscope analysis. The corroded samples are subjected to a cross-sectional study to ensure the corrosion attack and scales thickness using a SEM with elemental mapping technique. The result indicates that weldment showed better corrosion resistance than bare metal. A thick oxide scale could be found in the bare metal specimen than the weld metal. In the case of base metal, the formation of non-adherent and porous iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) leads to rapid corrosion. The weight gain of weldment is about 1.96 and 1.13 times less than bare alloy and weld metal.


The article analyzes the socio-pedagogical necessity of organizing extracurricular activities in higher education institutions to develop knowledge among students to ensure the purity of the nation's gene pool.


Objective To observe the effect of retroperitoneal carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the correlation of PaCO2-PetCO2 and cardiovascular systems in aged patients.Methods Seventy patients age over 60(ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) scheduled for retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were studied.SBP,DBP,HR,PaCO2,PetCO2,SPO2 were observed 10-min after induction,15-min,30-min after CO2 insufflation and 15-min,30-min after desufflation respectively.Results PaCO2,PetCO2,SBP were increased after CO2 insufflation and desufflation(P0.05).There were higher correlations between PaCO2 and PetCO2.Conclusions PetCO2 can reflect PaCO2 accurately.There were significantly effect on SBP during retroperitoneal carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in aged patients.


present stage; multiculturalism and student independence. This is the ability to promote the role of different types of education, such as: labor, moral, legal, religious, family, environmental, aesthetic, civic, physical, mental education, which is now possible with the help of current information technology. The article considers current information technologies in the organization of educational work in secondary schools in Great Britain. The forms and types of organization of educational work in secondary schools of Great Britain with the help of modern information technologies are covered. The purposes of education with the help of modern information technologies are singled out. Mental, physical, labor, moral, aesthetic and other types of education, merged in a holistic educational process, provide an opportunity to achieve the main goal - the formation of a comprehensive and harmoniously developed personality. All forms of educational work have their pedagogical significance, and each of them is valuable in the process of education. Democratization and partnership development are the leading principles of education in British schools at the present stage; multiculturalism and student independence. This is the ability to promote the role of different types of education, such as: labor, moral, legal, religious, family, environmental, aesthetic, civic, physical, mental education, which is now possible with the help of current information technology.


.. Objectives: To compare mean length of hospital stay (LOHS) after treatment with nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) versus normal saline (NS) in hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis (AB). Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and Institute of the Child Health, Multan. Period: July 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 206 hospitalized children having AB were enrolled. Group A (n=103) was nebulized with 2 ml of 3 % HS while group B (n=103) was nebulized with 2 ml of 0.9% saline solution. Clinical severity score was calculated daily to monitor progress of patients. Patients were discharged from hospital with clinical severity score of 4 or less and length of hospital stay was noted. Results: Overall, mean age was 5.83±4.48 months. Among 206 patients 139 (67.5%) were males and 67 (32.5%) females. Mean duration of disease was noted to be 3.57+2.2 days. In Group-A, mean LOHS was 36.29+18.4 hours in comparison to 39.15+16.1 hours in Group B (p-value = 0.2365). Conclusion: Nebulized HS 3% and NS 0.9% were not found to have any significant advantage over each other in terms of LOHS among hospitalized children having acute bronchiolitis.


The main reasons for getting a heart attack:

Idiot in front of you drove too slow/fast/erratic
Empty for ketchup
Phone battery dropped from 53% to 17% within 32


Abstract : The waters around Shetland have populations of both Common seals (Phoca vitulina L.) and Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus Fab.). The status of Common seals and the results of the most recent survey are presented in the first half of this paper, and existing knowledge of the Grey seal population is discussed in the second part.


A conclusion is drawn in the experiment, that the modulation depth of the signal is the maximum when the self mixing interference phenomenon exists in semiconductor lasers operating below threshold. It is also confirmed by theory analysis. This conclusion is distinct from previous papers.


Krista your #edu106 portfolio came out amazing: https://edu106.jgregorymcverry.com/2019/my-website-portfolio this video OMG!! message for the world https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3eOP8K1luk thx for bringing your art and knowledge to @scsu


This paper presents a study whose purpose is to help in the understanding of the characteristics of the flow through and downstream of a series of abrupt 3D contractions/expansions, seeing them more from the fluid mechanics point of view, rather than from the hydraulic perspective. These contractions/expansions comprise cross-sectional area changes in plan and side views in an open channel. An existing model, built to optimize the design of canoe chutes, was considered as suitable for this endeavor. The device included up to five "drop" structures, and flow variables were observed in one of them. Measurements of the three-dimensional velocity field and of the geometry of the free surface were performed. This paper describes and analyzes those measurements, as well as the feasibility of using acoustic sensors for measuring the location of the free surface.


The governance and management experiences took in the last years, in university, show how the educational management can be considered a good device to control the university organization, a net where actors perform at various and different levels (students, teachers, policy makers, officials, stakeholders, etc.). They, indeed, need to work in an interrelated and large net system, in order to exchange information and to negotiate the targets achieved. Technology for governance and management system is, today, represented, by data-warehouse systems which enable a series of activities connected to the educational world, to scientific research and to university organization, thanks to an efficient and integrated plant. So is possible to have access to quantitative and qualitative data set, not coded otherwise.


This paper proposed a new method to estimate voltage flicker using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Based on the specified signal processing recommendations by IEC61000-4-7, the proposed method obtains the amplitude, frequency and phase angle of each harmonic/interharmonic using the odd points interpolation correction method. According to the electric power distortion component symbiosis mechanism, the detected interharmonics in pairs are transformed into a flicker signal. Combined with the double-side property, the interharmonics in pairs can be extracted. The parameters of flicker signal are obtained by the signal transform equations. The simulation results indicate that it is easy and quick to estimate the parameters by detecting the interharmonics signal directly and estimating the flicker signal indirectly; and the odd points interpolation correction method can separate harmonics from interharmonics effectively, and strongly restrain the spectral interruption.


Significance The recycling of many signaling receptors requires specific sequences on their C-terminal tail. Why is this so, when other proteins can use a "bulk" recycling pathway without apparent sequence requirements? Our results suggest that sequence requirements provide control points for cells to reprogram receptor recycling and cellular sensitivity. We show that the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR), a prototypical receptor, can switch between sequence-dependent and bulk recycling pathways based on adrenergic signaling through protein kinase A (PKA). This switch is driven by PKA-mediated direct phosphorylation of B2AR, which partitions between physically and functionally distinct endosomal microdomains based on its phosphorylation status. This partitioning modulates cellular sensitivity to adrenergic signaling and might help cells adapt to changes in extracellular environment. The postendocytic recycling of signaling receptors is subject to multiple requirements. Why this is so, considering that many other proteins can recycle without apparent requirements, is a fundamental question. Here we show that cells can leverage these requirements to switch the recycling of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR), a prototypic signaling receptor, between sequence-dependent and bulk recycling pathways, based on extracellular signals. This switch is determined by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of B2AR on the cytoplasmic tail. The phosphorylation state of B2AR dictates its partitioning into spatially and functionally distinct endosomal microdomains mediating bulk and sequence-dependent recycling, and also regulates the rate of B2AR recycling and resensitization. Our results demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptor recycling is not always restricted to the sequence-dependent pathway, but may be reprogrammed as needed by physiological signals. Such flexible reprogramming might provide a versatile method for rapidly modulating cellular responses to extracellular signaling.


Simple Summary Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Its causative agent, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, is considered to be transmissible to humans. In rabbits, clinical signs include discoordination, head tilt, excessive water intake, excessive urination and cataracts. This study investigates, for the first time, whether the E. cuniculi organism can be detected in ocular structures in healthy adult rabbits after experimental oral infection using immunohistochemistry—detection of the organism in the tissue using a specific staining method. In infected animals, E. cuniculi spores were detected in many ophthalmic structures (periocular connective tissue, sclera, cornea, choroidea, iris, retina and lens) as early as 2 weeks after infection. There were no signs of inflammatory lesions in any of the ocular tissues examined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after infection. E. cuniculi was also detected in the lens of adult rabbits, which indicates that ways of lens infection other than intrauterine and haematogenic are possible. This information can help to understand E. cuniculi dissemination to various ocular tissues structures after oral infection. Abstract Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Its causative agent, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, is considered as a zoonotic and emerging pathogen capable of infecting both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, including humans. In rabbits, clinical signs include neurological, kidney and ocular disease. The aim of this study was to detect E. cuniculi in ocular structures in immunocompetent rabbits after experimental oral infection using immunohistochemistry. In infected animals, E. cuniculi spores were present in periocular connective tissue, sclera, cornea, choroidea, iris, retina and lens, as a round to ovoid organism reacting with a specific anti-E. cuniculi monoclonal antibody as early as 2 weeks after infection. There were no signs of inflammatory lesions in any of the ocular tissues examined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after infection. In the present study, E. cuniculi was also detected in the lenses of adult rabbits, which indicates that ways of lens infection other than intrauterine and haematogenic are possible.


In this work, we study the critical behavior of an epidemic propagation model that considers individuals that can develop drug resistance. In our lattice model, each site can be found in one of the four states: empty, healthy, normally infected (not drug resistant) and strain infected (drug resistant) states. The most relevant parameters in our model are related to the mortality, cure and mutation rates. This model presents two distinct stationary active phases: a phase with co-existing normal and drug resistant infected individuals, and an intermediate active phase with only drug resistant individuals. We employed a finite-size scaling analysis to compute the critical points and the critical exponents, β/ν and 1/ν, governing the phase transitions between these active states and the absorbing inactive state. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that these transitions belong to the directed percolation universality class.


Impedance cardiography continues to be investigated for various applications. Instruments for its use are available commercially. Almost all of the recent presentations and articles along with commercial advertisements have assumed that aortic volume pulsation is the source of the signal. A review of the literature will reveal that there is no clear evidence for this assumption. Starting with the first paper on impedance cardiography in 1964, which assumed the lung was the source of the signal, the presentation will review many studies in the 60's, 70's and 80's, which suggest the aorta and other vessels as well as atria and again the lung as possible sources. Current studies based on high resolution thoracic models will be presented that show the aorta as contributing only approximately 1% of the total impedance measurement, making it an unlikely candidate for the major contributor to the signal. Combining the results of past studies along with recent work based on models, suggest other vessels and regions as possible sources.


In metazoans, thousands of DNA replication origins (Oris) are activated to replicate DNA at each cell cycle. Although their timing of activation is better understood, their genomic organization and their genetic nature remain elusive. Here, we identified Oris by nascent strand (NS) purification and characterized their common features by performing a genome-wide analysis in both Drosophila and mouse cell lines. We show that in both species most CpG islands (CGI) contain Oris, although methylation is nearly absent in Drosophila, indicating that this epigenetic mark is not crucial for defining the initiation event. Initiation of DNA synthesis starts at the borders of CGIs, resulting in a striking bimodal distribution of NS, suggestive of a dual initiation event. We also found that Oris contain a unique nucleotide skew around NS peaks, characterized by G/T and C/A over-representation at the 5' and 3' of Ori sites, respectively. Repeated GC-rich elements were detected, which are good predictors of Oris, suggesting that common sequence features are part of metazoan Oris. In the heterochromatic chromosome 4 of Drosophila, Oris are strongly correlated with HP1 binding sites. At the chromosome level, regions rich in Oris are early replicating, whereas Ori-poor regions co-localize with late replicating domains during the cell cycle. The genome-wide analysis was coupled with a DNA combing analysis to unravel the organization of replication origins. The results indicate that Oris are present in a large excess, but their activation does not occur at random. They are organized in groups of site-specific but flexible origins that define replicons, where a single origin is activated in each replicon. This organization provides both site specificity and Ori firing flexibility in each replicon, allowing possible adaptation of DNA replication to environmental cues and cell fates. INTRODUCTION In metazoans, DNA replication is initiated at thousands of chromosomal sites during each S phase. These DNA replication origins (Oris) should be activated only once at each cell cycle to avoid any amplification and maintain genome integrity. This is an important task in human or mouse cells, where 30 000 replication Oris are activated at each cell division. In prokaryotes as well as in bacterial and animal viruses, Oris are sequence-specific. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Oris are identified by specific DNA elements, called Autonomous Replication Sequences (ARS), which have a common AT-rich 11 bp ARS Consensus Sequence (ACS). However, sequence-specificity identifies potential Oris, but does not determine their selection. Indeed, of the 12,000 ACS …


The paper studied species composition and quantity distributions of fish eggs and juveniles,distribution characters of surface water temperature and salinity and relation between them based on the data of fishery resources survey in the Yangtze estuary water area in April 2003.The result indicated: there are 13 kinds of fish eggs and juveniles,their appearance rate is 81.25%.The CPUE of fish eggs appearance is between 1 and 760 grains per net,its average catch per unit effort(CPUE) is 63.6;The CPUE of fish juveniles appearance is between 1 and 174 grains per net,its average CPUE is 18.75.The water area is compartmentalized to three sections,which are high temperature and low salinity section,low temperature and high salinity section,low temperature and low salinity section.The fish eggs in focus appearance were in high temperature and low salinity,but fish juveniles were in wide appearance in the water area,its main appearance areas were in shore water area of high temperature and low salinity section and low temperature and low salinity section,they only have little quantity in off coast water area of low temperature and high salinity section.


Introduction: Presumptive stressful life events scale (PSLES) is used widely in Indian life-event research. The use of PSLES in the elderly has been rather mechanistic, without giving due emphasis on the unique experiences of the elderly, particularly within the context of contemporary social change of family values in India. This research aimed to critically appraise the relevance of PSLES in the elderly. Methodology: The research was part of a larger project on stress, coping, and religiosity in (faith bases) ashram-dwelling elderly. A single consenting ashram for the elderly (for aged > 60 years) consented to the study. Participants were included if they had stayed for more than 6 months and had no impairment that compromised understanding of the research. We used the PSLES (a checklist method) for evaluating life events. We supplemented our exploration with open-ended interviews to evaluate the relevance and salience attributed to these life-events. Results: Ninety-four elderly participated (response rate was 70.15') with a mean (standard deviation) age of 74.56 (7.39) years, equally represented by either gender, with a mean duration of ashram stay of 10.85 years. Most frequent events reported were death in the family, going on a trip/pilgrimage, personal illness, and changes in biological functions. Discussion: PSLES was developed for adult Indians, and its use in the elderly may need modification due to qualitatively and quantitatively varying life events, such as the importance of nonegocentric stress (loss of job of one's child) versus egocentric stress (own hospitalization) or change of salience of events (e.g., lack of son versus daughter). Conclusion: To improve the relevance of PSLES for life-event research and capture the unique experiences of the elderly, suggested modifications are necessary.


In this article,a method on powder sample imaging of atomic force microscopy was presented.The powder sample was wetted up by pure water and placed in the air,and it was put into the atomic force microscope to be scanned after pure water was vaporized till there was only molecular binding water on the powder sample surface.With the analysis of the experimental process,we found that the problem of adhesion of the particles to the tip when using AFM to scan the sample's surface was solved through molecular binding water neutralized the residual charges on the surface of the particles.And the difficulty of the instability of the particles when the scanning process was going on was conquered by molecular binding water and capillary water which existed in the interspaces of the particles and made them band together hard.The powder sample morphologies obtained were clear and genuine.The experimental results indicated this method was easy but feasible and could be applied widely.Furthermore,a new and complex scanning circumstance of AFM was occured in this method,in which the tip vibrated in the air but the scanning sample was in water.This concept of complex scanning circumstance is worth more investigation and generalizing.


Section A presents further qualitative and quantitative results of our experiments on Cityscapes and Pascal VOC. Section B describes the training of the networks described in the main paper. Section 4.2 of our paper mentioned that the annotation quality of Pascal VOC [19] is better than COCO [20]. Some randomly drawn images from these datasets are presented to illustrate this point in Sec. C. Finally, Sec. D shows our calculation of how much the overall annotation time is reduced by using weak annotations, in comparison to full annotations, on the Cityscapes dataset.


The picture of the grey retinal coagulation focus after light coagulation due to observation of an eclipse of the sun corresponds to the picture of the sun's disc not covered by the moon.


Denosumab used as an adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitor therapy cut the risk of fractures in half.


European Russia children of 1812 Moscow! Moscow! the peasant marriage in search of the Russian soul descendants of Genghiz Khan Russia through the Soviet lens Russia abroad.


Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (MCLS) in its acute phase is often accompanied with various cutaneous changes at BCG inoculated sites. Analysis of 419 MCLS cases treated at the Department of Pediatrics of Japanese Red Cross Medical Center from January, 1975 to December, 1980 revealed the following four results. 1) 295 cases out of 419 cases had been inoculated with BCG and various cutaneous changes at the BCG sites were observed in 106 cases, 36% of those 295 cases. 2) These cutaneous changes at the BCG sites included erythema, crust, and bulla and a main type of them was localized erythema which was occasionally followed by crust formation. 3) Incidence of these changes was closely related with the period of time between the inoculation of BCG and the onset of MCLS. Although changes at the BCG sites were observed in only one case out of 8 cases (1 3%) within 1 month after the inoculation of BCG, they were observed with higher frequency later, in 29 out of 38 cases (76%) from 1 to 3 months, and 28 out of 32 cases (88%) from 4 to 6 months, respectively. However, as the period became longer, the incidence of the changes gradually became less, in 23 out of 39 cases (59%) from 7 to 12 months, 16 out of 63 cases (25%) from 13 to 24 months, and 7 out of 47 cases (15%) from 25 to 36 months. No change was observed in 54 cases over 3 years after the inoculation of BCG. 4) Those cutaneous changes at the BCG sites often appeared in the early phase. Therefore the observation of the cutaneous changes at the BCG sites was available in making an early diagnosis of MCLS. Although the pathogenesis of the cutaneous changes at BCG sites associated with MCLS has not yet been elucidated, further studies and available explanations of the pathogenesis are expected to give a clue to the elucidation of the etiology of MCLS. (Acta Paediatr Sep. 24(3):407 1982)


President Barack Obama closed his address with "God bless America," thereby giving divine sanction to the myth of U.S. American exceptionalism, that the people of the United States compose "the one indispensable nation in world affairs."2 Before you write off this explicit mention of God's blessing as stock presidential rhetoric, note that Obama offers this affirmation in the context of his citation of the prevalent "cynical"3 mood among the U.S. American public. He attributes this cynicism to lagging faith in U.S. American economic and political institutions. Obama characterizes the people of the United States as struggling to find meaning in a country that is disappointing their hopes and falling short of their values. These issues of faith and meaning warrant theological reflection. The President seems unable to grasp the religious question hiding behind these issues. President Obama's characterization of U.S. American history as an extended exercise in teamwork required a blatant whitewashing of history. To offer solace to the wayward people of the United States, Obama recast more than three hundred years of chattel slavery, Reconstruction, and Jim Crow segregation into the mold of chattel teamwork. We must say that chattel teamwork, which is chattel slavery disguised as teamwork, is not teamwork. This obfuscation of histories of suffering is more than just an inadequate answer to the insufficiently understood religious question posed by the U.S. American populace. It is a violent exercise of tyrannical power to


The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — Right to public hearing by independent and impartial tribunal established by law — European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950, Article 6 (1) — Notion of determination of civil rights and obligations — Right to continue to exercise medical profession — Whether public or private right — Disciplinary proceedings concerning allegations of professional misconduct — Whether determination of private or civil rights — Notion of dispute (contestation) — Whether civil right the object of dispute — Disciplinary organs of medical association — Whether independent and impartial tribunals established by law — Whether guaranteeing public hearing Article 11 — Right to freedom of association, to form and join trade unions — Legal obligation to join medical association and be subject to its disciplinary organs — Whether limiting guaranteed rights — 'Association' — Definition of — Freedom not to associate — Whether recognized by Convention Article 10 — Right to disseminate information and ideas — Whether sanctions imposed by disciplinary body impinge upon right — Admissibility of complaint — Whether complaint separate or adduced in support of other claims — Ambit of case referred to Court — Exhaustion of domestic remedies 319Article 50 — Request for just satisfaction — Effect of possibility of compensation under domestic law


A Virtual Assembly System(VAS) structure based on VRML-Java technology is presented. It makes assembly model and show model separate each other and its running is independent of computer platform. The constructing methods of VAS environment and key technique of VAS implementing are discussed. This key technique consists mostly of expression and transformation of assembly/disassembly motion, control strategies of virtual assembly process, collision detection among objects in VAS and communication between Java and VRML. The VAS simulation software is developed and validated by taking example for ball valve virtual assembly.


This summary describes feature extraction techniques based on Gaussian derivative receptive fields, background differencing, color histograms, and motion history. Then a method for detecting the intrinsic feature scale is explained. And we finish with a method for maintaining target identity using a mesh representation. 1. Dense feature extraction 1.1. Gaussian derivative receptive fields The extension of the image signal to its kth order local jet as described by Koenderink and van Doorn [9] is equivalent to the description obtained by the projection of image neighbourhoods on a receptive field vector composed of Gaussian derivatives up to order k. The kth order local jet extension of the image signal is equivalent to the application of a receptive field defined by Gaussian derivatives of increasing order up to order k. The order of the jet determines the amount of geometry information that can be represented by accessing a single location. A 2nd order jet can perceive line orientation but not line curvature (which a 3rd order jet would be able to describe). Line curvature is perceived by the evaluation of the 2nd order jet at several neighboring locations. To obtain the extension to the local jet an image is projected on a dense grid of overlapping receptive fields with increasing order. Every image neighbourhood is perceived by its underlying receptive field set. The local geometry of every image neighbourhood is described by the receptive field response, ~ M(i, j), which is a point in the local appearance space. Every image corresponds to a surface in the corresponding local appearance space, which is a grid of neighbouring receptive field responses (Figure 1). The response, L(x0, y0), of a specific receptive field, Gkσ) (Gaussian derivative operator), to an image signal, I , at position, (x0, y0), is obtained by convolving the image with the receptive field, L = I ∗Gk(σ), where ∗ is the convolution operator and reading the value at position (x0, y0). Figure 1. The receptive field res pons es , ~ M , o f overlapping image ne ighbourhoods form a s urface in the local appearance s pace s panned by the re c eptive fields . A description of the image is obtained by collecting the responses of a vector of receptive fields in a receptive field response vector, ~ M(x0, y0). In order to obtain a dense feature description in low computational time, we use the recursive implementation of Gaussian derivatives as proposed by Young and van Vliet [23]. The computation time depends on the size of the image and not on the scale parameter of the Gaussian. This implementation is an approximation of the real Gaussian derivatives that is very precise for large scale parameters. We use an acceptable range starting at σ = 1.0. Other approximations exist that are based on pyramids [4]. They are fast, but less precise. For the development of recognition algorithms based on local appearance we are interested in a measure for the similarity between neighbourhoods. Two neighbourhoods are similar when they display similar basic geometries. Basic geometries, such as gradient, edge orientation, line orientation, are measured by Gaussian derivatives of low order. For this reason similar neighbourhoods have similar receptive field responses. The similarity of receptive field responses can be measured numerically by the distance of the receptive field responses in the local appearance space, as applied previously by Ohba and Ikeuchi [15]. This similarity measure allows to find a set of similar neighbourhood for a


In reaction systems involving different time scales, manifolds of slow motion can be identified. These manifolds can be used for model reduction purposes. We discuss a method based on optimization for the approximation of such manifolds and their use in reactive flow simulations.


A simple derivation of the Trueman–Wick crossing relations for center of mass helicity amplitudes is presented. The method uses only Wigner rotation matrices and does not deal specifically with more general Lorentz transformations. Each particle is treated individually in turn in its own rest frame in order to discover how its helicity transforms under crossing and the substitution rule is used as a guide in determining the outcome of the analytic continuation. Crossing relations for different paths of analytic continuation in the s–t plane are discussed and it is shown that care must be exercised when dealing with weak interaction amplitudes. The method presented may be extended straightforwardly to multiparticle amplitudes.


Background: Insomnia is a distressing and disabling condition affecting not only many people's quality of life and work but also their psychosocial conditions. Therefore, this research has done to survey insomnia prevalence among 18 years old people and over in Kashan city in 2008. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research has performed done in Kashan using randomized sampling (N=1155). The research tools contain demographic characteristics questionnaire and insomnia questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria including difficult falling asleep, staying asleep and daytime sleepiness. Its validity was confirmed by five psychiatrists; the reliability of this questionnaire with test-retest method was 99%. The data were analyzed via Chi square, Fisher exact test and OR, CI. Results: Of 1155 persons, 684 (59.2) had insomnia problem. Insomnia problem is extremely prevalent among those who were between 41 to 65 years old (266 of persons 67.9) and women (387 of persons 56.5). This study showed that there was a significant relationship between insomnia problem and mental disorder history [P<0/0001, OR=2.24], sleep disorder in family history [P<0/0001, OR=4.67] and drinking caffeine before sleep [P<0/001, OR=1.64]. Conclusion: According to this study, most people studied suffer from insomnia problem, particularly women and middle aged people. Since insomnia can be a risk factor for onset of depression and anxiety disorders, and increases direct and indirect medical costs among other consequences it is necessary to prepare an exact schedule for resolving this problem and improving sleep quality.


Working in a polynomial ring $S=\mathbf{k}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ where $\mathbf{k}$ is an arbitrary commutative ring with $1$, we consider the $d^{th}$ Veronese subalgebras $R=S^{(d)}$, as well as natural $R$-submodules $M=S^{(\geq r, d)}$ inside $S$. We develop and use characteristic-free theory of Schur functors associated to ribbon skew diagrams as a tool to construct simple $GL_n(\mathbf{k})$-equivariant minimal free $R$-resolutions for the quotient ring $\mathbf{k}=R/R_+$ and for these modules $M$. These also lead to elegant descriptions of $\mathrm{Tor}^R_i(M,M')$ for all $i$ and $\mathrm{Hom}_R(M,M')$ for any pair of these modules $M,M'$.


Abstract The United Nations definition of the poor based on the 2 U$D/day income hides other forms of poverty. The sociological literature has argued the multidimensional nature of poverty and, within management and marketing, the macromarketing and bottom/base of the pyramid literature have suggested the need to look beyond income. From this broader perspective we will argue that poverty affects a larger section of the population that we normally do not account for. These are the invisible poor border lower income middle class consumers. This implies that there is high heterogeneity among the poor and calls for a categorization. In this paper we make two contributions to the extant literature. First, we provide a novel classification; we identify a set of geographical-social-economic dimensions that explain this variability. Second, by adopting the "4A's" framework, we help managers to make a distinction between the different type of poor with regards to their level of awareness, acceptability, accessibility and affordability, for different value propositions.


Time-resolved reflectivity measurements have been performed on single crystal silicon irradiated by intense 48 ps pulses of 1 micron radiation. The temporal evolution of the spatial profile of the laser-induced reflectivity changes has been monitored using spatial correlation and surface imaging techniques. These measurements resolve apparent discrepancies between previous spatially and temporally averaged measurements at this wavelength and similar measurements in the visible.


The hemodynamic effects of catecholamines occur secondary to interactions with receptors in the heart and vascular system. The receptors are adrenoceptors and dopaminoceptors. Adrenoceptors are classified as α or β-adrenoceptors. Catecholamines are agent that causes inotropic, chronotropic, vasoconstrictor and vasodilatator effects.
 The principal catecholamines used in therapy are epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and dobutamine. Their principal indications in reanimation are:
Cardiac arrest: although epinephrine has been used universally in cardiac arrest, the recommended dose of epinephrine is 1 mg bolus, administered intravenously repeated every three or five minutes. High dose (5mg) can be used.
Anaphylactic shock: epinephrine remains the drug of choice for anaphylaxis, it's given at first by IM route (0,5mg) and then by bolus.
Cardiogenic shock: dobutamine remains the most frequently used in cardiogenic shock, it's often used only, but can be associated with other catecholamines in particular dopamine, epinephrine. Norepinephrine can be proposed in the case of major collapse and for short periods.
Septic shock: is the shock that has greatest complexity for the catecholaminergic treatment. Hemodynamic therapeutic strategy remains difficult, and the most interesting is that proposed by French Company of anaesthesia and reanimation. Norepinephrine is recommended at first.
Cardiac surgery: positive inotropic agent is often required during after meaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. All, dobutamine, dopamine and epinephrine can be used in this period; there is no medical consensus to recommend an ideal vasopressor. However dobutamine is the most studied and used.


This paper analyse the looming COVID-19 global debt crisis. The high debt incurred during the pandemic period by many countries combined with tightening global financial conditions such as increase in interest rate can trigger a global debt crisis for heavily indebted countries. I suggest some actions to be taken by richer countries, heavily indebted countries and multilateral organisations to mitigate the looming COVID-19 global debt crisis. Richer countries who are creditors to poor countries should consider debt forgiveness, interest repayment holidays, debt-for-green swap and other debt relief options. Multilateral organisations should allow affected members to draw on their contributory fund, they should support the G20 Debt Service Suspension Initiative, and engage in debt forgiveness advocacy. Heavily indebted countries should restructure their debt, rebalance policy priorities, focus on alternatives to borrowing, manage their level of debt, and find better ways to manage shocks and crises.


ABSTRACT Weather-strip seals in automotive door systems play a major role in determining the door closing effort, isolating the passenger compartment from water and reducing the wind noise inside the vehicle. The phenomenon of a wrinkle often occurs in weather-strips when they are assembled on the door surfaces which have bent or twisted profiles. Wrinkles in automobile weather-strip seals will affect the closing effort and noise isolation characteristics of the automotive door system. The wrinkle of anethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) automobile weather-strip seals when bent and the critical conditions for a wrinkle to develop were characterized in this study. The hyperelastic material behavior of the EPDM sponge and EPDM dense rubber in the seal were modeled using the Foam model and Mooney–Rivlin model, respectively. Then a finite element analysis (FEA) model of the automobile weather-strip seal in assembly was developed and analyzed using then on linear FEA software Marc. The deformation of the seal and the thickness decrease in the critical region where it was prone to wrinkle were obtained by this FEA method. Finally the critical criterion of wrinkling was determined by analysis of the reaction forces in the critical region. The proposed analysis method can shorten the product design cycle and decrease the design and trial-product cost considerably.


ABSTRACT One of the grand narratives of modernity, psychoanalysis can be read as a genre of speculative discourse that, recognizing the force of living speech, places itself in competition with philosophy and rhetoric. Performative through and through, it uncovers the ambiguity of meaning as it flows from speakers to addressees who stand to the former as more than themselves. Given its emphasis on language and the pragmatic contexts in which analytic discourse acts to establish and recreate reality, psychoanalysis bears undeniable affinity to rhetoric and, by extension, communication studies and media studies. This themed issue assembles four essays that explore the productive potentials of psychoanalysis to rhetoric and communication studies, and vice versa. Taken together, they demonstrate the relevance of psychoanalytic perspectives to rhetorical inquiries, especially when they respond to rhetoric's original vocation as technê and epistêmê.


Public subsidies for sports stadiums and arenas are often justified as a means to boost the local economy. The argument relies on historical local economic impact multipliers that misrepresent the effect of consumer expenditures on professional sports. Sports expenditures are subject to extraordinary consumer substitution away from other local expenditures, and they suffer unusually large first round leakages from the local economy because, inter alia, players export their earnings to the locale of their permanent residence. This note illustrates the extent of such leakages using information about the permanent residence of players in the National Basketball Association. While 93% of average employees live in the area where they work, only 29% of NBA players do the same. The illustration shows that a standard local economic impact multiplier exaggerates the stimulative effect of sports expenditures by over 400%.


Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings from a large normative cohort (n = 619) were processed to extract measures of regional neuroelectric activity. The overall objective of the effort was to use these measures to identify normative human neuroelectric brain function. The aims were (a) to identify and measure the values and range of those neuroelectric properties which are common to the cohort, (b) to identify and measure the values and range of those neuroelectric properties which distinguish one individual from another, and (c) to identify relationships of the measures to properties of the individual, e.g. sex, biological age, and sleep symptoms. It is hoped that comparison of the resultant established norms to measures from recordings of symptomatic individuals will enable advances is our understanding of pathology.
MEG recordings during resting and task conditions were provided by The Cambridge (UK) Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience Stage 2 cohort study. Referee consensus processing was used to localize and validate neuroelectric currents, p < 10-12 for each, p < 10-4 for each when corrected for multiple comparisons.
Comparisons of regional activity and connectivity within-subjects produced profuse reliable measures detailing differences between individuals, p < 10-8 for each comparison, p < 0.005 for each when corrected for a total of 5 x 105 comparisons. Cohort-wide regional comparisons (p < 10-8 for each) produced profuse measures which were common to the preponderance of individuals, detailing normative commonalities in brain function. Comparisons of regional gray matter (cellular) vs white matter (communication fibers) activity produced robust differences both cohort-wide and for each individual. These results validate the high spatial resolution of the results and establish the unprecedented ability to obtain neuroelectric measures from the white matter.


The artificial ice-coating tests of energized 220 kV composite insulator with grading rings installed in different positions are performed in artificial climate chamber, and the influence of different installation positions of grading ring on ice accretion and flashover characteristics of 220 kV composite insulators is studied.Study results show that the distribution of electric field of 220 kV composite insulator itself is extremely uneven and it makes the effects of improving electric field distribution by different installation positions of grading ring are not the same,thus it obviously affects ice accretion on composite insulator.The grading ring installed at high voltage end of composite insulator makes the ice-coating on the sheds at the high voltage end relatively uniform and the icicles longer,and the icicles on grading ring grow outwards and crookedly,thus the icing flashover voltage is increased;the grading ring installed at grounded end of composite insulator makes adjacent icicles on the sheds at the grounded end spliced together and the icicles on the grading ring basically grow vertically,thus the icing flashover voltage is decreased;the density of ice accretion on both surfaces of composite insulator and grading ring is higher than ice density of icicles,and at the high voltage end or grounded end where the grading rings are installed the density of ice accretion on the surface of composite insulator and the density of icicles are higher than the condition without grading ring installed;as for the two conditions that the grading ring is only installed at high voltage end of composite insulator or at the grounded end of composite insulator,the weight of ice accretion on composite insulator itself under the former condition is heavier than that under the latter condition.


Based on the inventory results of 0.5 hm2 sample plot of Betula davurica natural secondary forest in Badaling Forest Farm of Beijing in June of 2006,the method of point pattern analysis was employed to study the spatial distribution patterns of tree populations and the relationship of main populations of community and individuals in different age classes of B.davurica under different scales.The results showed that:1)the distribution patterns of B.davurica population and Tilia mongolica population presented distinct cluster mode in 0.5 hm2 plot.The distribution patterns of Acer truncatum population showed distinct cluster mode on a smaller scale extent and presented stochastic mode on a greater scale extent.2)The correlations of dominant species were visible among populations.B.davurica population was negatively and significantly correlated with T.mongolica population with the highest importance value,suggesting that the composition and structure of community were unstable,and the community was in the vegetation succession stage.3)The spatial distribution patterns of individuals in different age classes of B.davurica were transforming from cluster mode to stochastic one with the increase of age.And 4)the correlations of individuals in neighbouring age classes of B.davurica were positively correlated with each other,while the relationship was negatively correlated when the individuals were not in neighbouring age classes.


Chicks are powerful animal model to study the early stage of learni ng and memory.After training 1-day-old chicks on one-trail-passive-avoidance tests,complicated biochemical and physiological changes occur in specific brai n regions.The results of recent studies on memory formation,including the rela ted neural circuitry,cellular and molecular mechanisms are reviewed.


Sex recognition is based on color signals in many species of lizards. However, olfactory stimuli are also clearly involved, and many species might rely primarily on chemoreception. We aimed to examine whether color pattern or odors, or a combination of both factors, induce the aggressive response of males of the lizard P. hispanicus. We experimentally manipulated the coloration and odor of male P. hispanicus, thereby creating groups with all combinations between coloration and odor of males or females. Using data from staged encounters, we compared the responses of resident males to the experimental groups of manipulated males and their response to unmanipulated individuals (males and females). Responding males reacted significantly more aggressively to intruders with male odors independent of their coloration, whereas intruders with female odors did not elicit aggressive responses but were preferentially courted, irrespective of their actual sex and body coloration. In addition, intruders with female odors elicited a higher number of tongue-flick explorations than male odor ones. Comparisons with unmanipulated male and female intruders agreed with these expectations. Therefore, at least at close range, odoriferous cues seem to be more important than color patterns in sex recognition and intrasexual aggression by male P. hispanicus. We suggest that this might be a pattern commoner than expected in many species of reptiles. Aggr. Behav. 28:154‐163, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Only recently researchers started to investigate the frequency conversion of high power picosecond pulses produced by regenerative amplification1. The high power densities easily achieved with short, pulses allow efficient generation of parametric fluorescence. However, experiments show that the efficiencies achieved in these systems are not as high as one would expect from a simple calculation, due to the temporal and spatial pulse shape, which has to be considered in a reasonably accurate model2,3. We performed calculations on the efficiency of the parametric conversion for various temporal and spatial pulse profiles and for different arrangements of a picosecond optical parametric generator (OPG) and optical parametric amplifier (OPA) combination. In the numerical simulation and the experiments we used a KTP crystal pumped with the fundamental of an all-solid-state Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier.


. The aim of this paper is to make a proposal for a new extension of the MULTIMOORA method extended to deal with bipolar fuzzy sets. Bipolar fuzzy sets are proposed as an extension of classical fuzzy sets in order to enable solving a particular class of decision-making problems. Unlike other extensions of the fuzzy set of theory, bipolar fuzzy sets introduce a positive membership function, which denotes the satisfaction degree of the element x to the property corresponding to the bipolar-valued fuzzy set, and the negative membership function, which denotes the degree of the satisfaction of the element x to some implicit counter-property corresponding to the bipolar-valued fuzzy set. By using single-valued bipolar fuzzy numbers, the MULTIMOORA method can be more efficient for solving some specific problems whose solving requires assessment and prediction. The suitability of the proposed approach is presented through an example.


My first visit to the Federal Republic of Germany was in 1958 to 1961 as a young Humboldt scholar. During those years my attitude toward the Germans was determined by exclusively positive results. I invariably felt at ease among workers, academics, and counselors, and especially in their families. It may have been that because of my relatively good knowledge of German I was less conspicuous as a black or a foreigner and much better accepted than was usually the case for other people. However, I was not wrong with regard to the basic receptivity of the Germans and their openness toward foreigners. When in 1963 and 1964 I stood before the court and was forced to fight for my freedom and my life I could call Germany my second homeland. Despite all reservations, I could put forth the German society as a model of a democratic society.


Over 40% of all 2‐year college department chairs are women, yet relatively little has been done to advance the current understanding of these academic leaders. By examining the beliefs and values of over 1,000 women in the chair position, dominant beliefs were found to be related to educational philosophies and program outcomes. Secondary beliefs and values were found to be related to student‐centered issues, suggesting that women in the chair position have a traditional view of themselves as internal administrators.


During the past years, overload at work leading to psychological diseases, such as burnouts, have drawn more public attention. This paper is a preliminary step toward an analysis of the work patterns and possible indicators of overload and time pressure on software developers with mining software repositories approach. We explore the working pattern of developers in the context of Mozilla Firefox, a large and long-lived open source project. To that end we investigate the impact of the move from traditional to rapid release cycle on work pattern. Moreover we compare Mozilla Firefox work pattern with another Mozilla product, Firefox OS, which has a different release cycle than Firefox. We find that both projects exhibit healthy working patterns, i.e. lower activity during the weekends and outside of office hours. Firefox experiences proportionally more activity on weekends than Firefox OS (Cohen's d = 0.94). We find that switching to rapid releases has reduced weekend work (Cohen's d = 1.43) and working during the night (Cohen's d = 0.45). This result holds even when we limit the analyzes on the hired resources, i.e. considering only individuals with Mozilla foundation email address, although, the effect sizes are smaller for weekends (Cohen's d = 0.64) and nights (Cohen's d = 0.23). Moreover, we use dissimilarity word clouds and find that work during the weekend is more technical while work during the week expresses more positive sentiment with words like "good" and "nice". Our results suggest that moving to rapid releases have positive impact on the work health and work-life-balance of software engineers. However, caution is needed as our results are based on a limited set of quantitative data from a single organization.


Firstly,by combining with the situation of researching headways at home and abroad,the modelling theory for equivalent beam of the aero-elasticity of large scaled wind turbine blade and the commonly used method: BEM method,dynamic stalling model and CFD method used for solving the aero-elasticity stability problem of wind turbine blade were briefly summarized.Secondly,a brief introduction was given on the current situation of application research for the intellectual material,that a considerable attention has been paid in the design of modern large scaled wind turbine blade,used in the structural flutter of wind turbine blade and the initiative control of vibration.Finally,some problems need to be further studied and henceforth directions of development have been pointed out.


This paper presents the data on the moss species diversity in wetlands of the Bolonsky State Nature Reserve. The spectrum includes 45 species from 18 genera, 15 families and 5 orders belonging to Polytrichopsida, Bryopsida and Sphagnopsida classes. The Polytrichopsida class includes 3 species, Bryopsida - 19 species and Sphagnopsida - 23 species. The most numerous in species composition was the Sphagnaceae family.


In a projection display device, a main board that is substantially perpendicular to a plane defined by optical axes of an optical unit is allowed to stand aside the optical unit. Therefore, if the main board is designed to have a small vertical size, the vertical size, i.e., the thickness of the projection display device, can be reduced. Therefore, unlike the conventional projection display device in which the main board is disposed above the optical unit, the entire device can be reliably reduced in thickness and size regardless of the thickness of the main board.


Three-dimensional data model is the basis for the real world modeling.It is also the concept of spatial data organization and methods.It reflect relationships between the real-world spatial entities and entities.Most of the traditional three-dimensional data model express geometric features from the perspective of the space separating the logical connection between the individual objects,which is not the full expression of the geographical entity.In this paper,object-oriented thinking could be abstracted as separate geographical entities which reflected the integrity of the relationship between space and the logical space objects.It was also propose for three-dimensional data model entities,the organizational methods.Focusing on the entity-oriented data model described the three-dimensional methods,data structures,storage methods and the corresponding three-dimensional model of organization and management of library and texture database.


This paper presentsa comparison of how teachers, students, and parents perceivethe climateof the secondary schools in Greenfield, Massachusetts. The study is a product of a four-year collaboration (1977-1981)between the Greenfield, Massachusetts, Public Schools, the Massachusetts Department of Education, and the University of Massachusetts School of Education. Examining school climate, the paper assesses the extent to which teachers, students, and parents vieweight selectedvalue statements about the purposes of school differently. Agreement between teachers, students, and parents on the purposes of school suggests the presence of common beliefs about school and supports a "school climate of collaboration." Disagreement, by contrast, indicates the presence of alternate, potentially conflicting, beliefs and produces a "school climate of contention." The survey data suggested that the Greenfield students feel more positively than their parents or teachers about the ability of school to prepare them for later life. According to the students, whatever purposes parents and teachers think should be emphasized are being emphasized. By contrast, parents and teachers identify considerable differences between what they wish would be emphasized and what they thought was being emphasized. Based on these results, the paper concludes that the differences in teacher, parent, and student perceptions about the purposes of school will have important implications for the question of school effectiveness in Greenfield.


Past fluctuations of the Antarctic ice sheet are poorly understood because of a lack of datable materials, radiocarbon reservoir ages and severe environments. Direct evidence of the timing of ice retreat is important in order to understand the Antarctic contribution to global sea‐level rise since the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the first exposure ages constraining the timing of the last deglaciation from Lützow‐Holm Bay, East Antarctica. Our data suggest that the final retreat of the ice sheet in the region occurred rapidly in the early Holocene and the reduction of the ice thickness in the region was at least 350 m. This occurred after the major Northern Hemisphere deglaciation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The effect of opsonization of zymosan with serum on the repiratory burst of haemocytes isolated from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was investigated. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the respiratory burst of haemocytes in response to the opsonized or unopsonized zymosan were measured using chemiluminescence (CL). The CL values were increased according to the increment of haemocyte number. The degree of CL amplification by increase of haemocytes from to cells/ml was 3-5 times, but comparatively low amplification was elicited by increase of haemocytes from to cells/ml. Chemiluminescences produced by the haemocytes in response to the zymosan opsonized with oyster serum were considerably higher than the CL produced by the haemocytes in response to the unopsonized zymosan.


In stimulating to the lateral hypothalamic area (HL) electrically, eating responses which bound to stimulation directly were obtained in 15 out of 98 cats. These animals discriminated between edible and inedible objects. Successive behavioral changes were observed in varing the parameters (voltage or frequency) of stimulation. The loci eliciting the above responses lay in the external part of HL at the level of the ventromedial hypothalamus (Hvm). Diffuse area in HL commonly produced sniffing responses. Low-voltage fast activity appeared in Hvm lead selectively when the cat was eager to get food after 24hr starvation. Methamphetamine (2.0mg/kg i.v.) elevated the threshold of stimulus intensity during 15-30 min after injection.


Genotypic variation of pigeon pea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp,cv. MD2, MD5 and MD7] in P uptake, P utilization and corresponded mechanisms were investigated by hydroponic experiments. Significant genotypic variations in P uptake and P utilization were found in pigeon peas grown in 1 μmol L-1 P solution. It was shown that MD7 and MD2 were higher P-efficiency genotypes, while MD5 was lower one. Significant increase in the ratio of root to shoot and the activities of acid phosphatase (APA) secreted from roots was found in high P-efficiency genotypes after the plants were treated with low phosphorus (P 1 μmol L-1) for 16 d, suggesting that the ratio of root to shoot and APA secreted from roots are involved in higher P uptake-efficiency of pigeon pea. Under low P stress, P content in plants of MD7 and MD2 was lower than that in MD5, while P utilization efficiency and the activities of APA in root apices were higher, indicating that high activity of APA in roots is one of the important reasons for plant utilizing P efficiently.


Graduation Monografh Law School Federal University of Santa Maria The social construction of the housing rights: an analysis of the community "Estação dos Ventos", in the city of Santa Maria, RS. Author: Rodrigo de Freitas Almeida Adviser: Jerônimo Siqueira Tybusch Date and Place of the Defense: Santa Maria, December 02, 2014. The housing right is a fundamental human right, under the Citizen's Constitution. Neverthless, it is possible to see that this right is not effective and it is not warranted to a considerable parcel of the brazilian population. On the other hand, the social construction of the housing right can be attributed to the social movements fights. Although the access to a dignified and adequate habitation is still far from the reality, the housing movements, throughout the history, contributed vitally to the achievement of the housing right, through urban ocupation and intermediating the communication of the population with the public organs. In this text, the situation lived in the community "Estação dos Ventos", in the city of Santa Maria, RS, will be analised, their situation is a result of the fight for housing right organized by the National Movement of Housing Fight. In this way, this research will address the social construction of the housing right, as well as the problematic real achievement of this right, considering, specially, the area known as "Estação dos Ventos". Therefore, firstly the history of social habitation in Brazil was presented, since the early days untill the current time. After, the text approach the fight for the housing right and the role of the public politics, as well as the affirmation of the housing right in the legal system. Finally, the situation in the community "Estação dos Ventos", in the city of Santa Maria, RS was analised, in different aspects, in light of the above mentioned.


This report describes resistivity measurements made in the Krisuvik geothermal area, Reykjanes Peninsula, SW-Iceland. The report includes the theoretical aspects of the resistivity methods in geothermal exploration and interpretation and comparison of sounding results, based on DC methods (Schlumberger configuration) and EM methods (Central-loop transient electromagnetic - TEM) are made and presented. The resistivity structure of the Krisuvik geothermal area is observed to reveal several resistivity layers, including high resistivity ($200 Sm) near the surface that is related to cold and fresh basaltic rock of Postglacial volcanism, moderately high resistivity (50-200 Sm) related to slightly altered rocks due to groundwater action, moderate resistivity (10-50 Sm) related to moderately hydrothermally altered rocks, and low resistivity (#10 Sm) related to low-temperature (50-200/C) alterations in the smectitezeolite zone. The typical resistivity structure that is observed in most hightemperature geothermal fields of Iceland (e.g. Krafla and Nesjavellir), with high resistivity below a low-resistivity cap rock, is also seen in the Krisuvik geothermal area. This resistivity structure is interpreted as a result of the chlorite alteration zone that is of temperatures higher than 240/C. Comparisons of results of the two methods show that a similar resistivity structure could be obtained using both methods but with slight discrepancies that arise basically from their principles and methodology. Experience in resistivity mapping of geothermal fields of Iceland and this study indicate that the resistivity structure of geothermal prospects is best mapped using the TEM method, especially in areas with dry and highly resistive surface conditions, like volcanic lava, combined with lowresistivity formations at deeper levels, which is common for geothermal fields.


The centralization of urban economy vs. the sensibility to regional eco environment and "localization" of district economy vs. "regionalization" of eco economy are the two main problems in the eco construction of Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Region. We should, guided by the theories of regional sustainable economic development, aiming at the eco safety of the Yangtze Delta, study and establish the strategic target system of eco construction that includes natural eco safety target, economic eco safety target and social eco safety target, and explore the ways of eco construction.


Dehaene summarizes two decades of experimentation and modeling in attempts to understand consciousness. Dehaene summarizes two decades of experimentation and modeling in attempts to understand consciousness.


Transportation and commerce make possible an economic pooling of world-resources. Nevertheless there must always be some relation between the geographical location of resources and the geographical distribution of the people. The size of popula? tion a region can support, or the standard of living its inhabit? ants can maintain, must in general be conditioned by the amount and character of its natural resources. Since the distribution of


This research has been carried out with the goals of outlining the need that exists in the Ecuadorian media market that allows the dissemination of visual merchandising in Ecuador and establish the need in the country to access media of this type. To accomplish this, a territory analysis was carried out and professionals from the area were interviewed. From this analysis it was determined that there is a need to access information related to the mentioned profession, but provided with local information because national professionals have as reference international digital magazines, which do not offer information that is consistent with the socio-cultural environment in Ecuador.


The illumination variation problem is one of the well-known problems in face recognition in uncontrolled environment. Due to that both Gabor feature and LTP(local ternary pattern) are testified to be robust to illumination variations, we proposed a new approach which achieved illumination variable face recognition by combining Gabor filters with LTP operator. The experimental results compared with the published results on Yale-B and CMU PIE face database of changing illumination verify the validity of the proposed method.


The article investigates the characteristics of development and the territorial distribution of regional development institutions. The methodical approach to assessing the level of development of regional institutions taking into account the systemic nature and activity of territories in the creation and development of regional institutions is introduced. The results of evaluation of the development level of regional institutions have allowed to identify the regions using various institutions and instruments of development most actively in their territories (22 Federal subjects of Russia) and the regions where are no institutes for development (45 Federal subjects of Russia). Following parameters of performance evaluation of regional development institutions are offered: the indicators of intensity of innovation in production, performance intensity of innovation in society and the resulting performance of the dynamics of economic development. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of regional development institutions in the subjects of the Russian Federation are presented in the paper. The main problem of the formation of institutions and institutional environment in the regions of the Russian Federation due to the lack of unified science-based theoretical and methodological framework and the lack of integration links between science, business, education and government are defined.


Realising the importance of social innovations, the design department of Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H) is encouraging its students to take up social projects that would make a difference and the newly-formed batch, with its first batch itself, came out with some amazing projects.


N -Isopropyl-α-(2-methylazo)- p -toluamide (azoprocarbazine) is oxidized by rat liver microsomes in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and oxygen to yield two major metabolites as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The isolated products are the two isomeric azoxy derivatives, N -isopropyl-α-(2-methyl-NNO-azoxy)- p -toluamide (benzylazoxy) and N -isopropyl-α-(2-methyl-ONN-azoxy)- p -toluamide (methylazoxy), since the mass spectra of the metabolites are distinctly different from each other but are identical to those of the respective chemically synthesized azoxy standards. In addition, p -formyl- N -isopropylbenzamide is also formed in measurable quantities. Liver microsomes from untreated rabbits or rats form only the methylazoxy derivative; the benzylazoxy isomer is nearly undetectable. Animal pretreatment with phenobarbital or 5,6-benzoflavone results in a marked increase in the rate of methylazoxy formation catalyzed by rat or rabbit liver microsomes. The rate of benzylazoxy formation is also stimulated by phenobarbital pretreatment but is unaffected by 5,6-benzoflavone pretreatment. The rate of formation of p -formyl- N -isopropylbenzamide as well is increased by animal pretreatment with either 5,6-benzoflavone or phenobarbital. Kinetic evaluation of these data suggests the possible involvement of more than one species of cytochrome P-450 in these reactions. Production of both benzylazoxy- and methylazoxyprocarbazine by rat liver microsomes is inhibited by a number of specific cytochrome P-450 inhibitors. Azoprocarbazine elicits a very weak spectral complex (type II) with rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. These results strongly suggest that cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase(s) are involved in the N -oxidation of azoprocarbazine to yield two azoxy isomers of procarbazine. Incubation of liver microsomal protein with [14C]azoprocarbazine, oxygen, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate results in a time-dependent increase in covalent binding of labeled material to microsomal protein. More protein-bound label is obtained with [ methyl -14C]azoprocarbazine than with [ ring -14C]azoprocarbazine, suggesting that the molecule can be metabolically activated to a moiety which preferentially binds the methyl portion of its structure to microsomal protein in vitro .


The amount of information over internet has been growing last few years. And it has caused risk of information problem of accessing related data to the users. The information demand of the online users can be figured out by evaluating user's web navigation behavior. Web Usage Mining (WUM) is used to extract knowledge from Web users access logs by using Data Mining Techniques. One of the applications of WUM is Web Sites Recommendation system which is personalized information filtering technique used to either determine whether a certain user will approve a given item or to identify a list of items which can be of significant importance to the user. In this paper the modified architecture that integrates item information with user's access log data and then find pattern and make pattern clustering. There after generates a set of recommendations for the user. So execution time and fetching time is reduced. Other experiments compared the CFS to a wrapper - a well-known approach to feature selection that uses the target learning algorithm to evaluate sets of features. In many cases CFS has given results comparable to the envelope, and in general, surpassed the envelope on small sets of data. CFS runs much faster than the wrapper, enabling it to extend to larger sets of data.


Due to high launch vehicle costs, space instrumentation designers are constantly pressured to decrease weight and increase reliability of flight hardware. To meet these needs in a spectrometer, the infrared products team at Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. (OCLI) and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) have developed an infrared logarithmically variable filter for use in NASA's Pluto Fast Fly-by instrument. The filter and diode array combination replaces the multiple optical elements in conventional spectrometers, resulting in lower instrumentation weight and complexity with no moving parts. The choice of logarithmic rather than linear profile yields constant resolving power on every pixel of the array. Filters were produced in which the center wavelength varied from 1.0-1.581 micrometers , and 1.581-2.5 micrometers over a distance of 1.024 cm. Bandwidth was 0.3% FWHM and overall transmittance ranged from 30% to 50%. This paper discusses the major issues and tradeoffs in the design, manufacture, and testing of the filters. Measurement techniques are presented and comparisons are made between theoretical and measured performance of bandwidth, transmittance, and spectral profile.


Photograph of the Hula Halau Ohana Elikapeka Hawaiian Dancers at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. A man in a purple shirt and necklace of white flowers and a woman wearing a pink dress, string of white beads, and white flower headdress perform on a stage with raised arms. A multicolored background with a "CocaCola" logo is behind them on stage. A yellow and pink tent hangs above their heads and a large crowd of people is sitting in front of the stage.


In order to improve IAQ(Indoor Air Quality), we need inflow of the fresh air from outside. However, ventilation load of building is increased due to the inflow of the cold air from outside in winter. Thus, Heat Rcovery Ventilation(HRV) system has been introduced to improve IAQ and heat recovery efficiency. Photovoltaic/Thermal(PVT) collector is producing thermal energy as well as electricity, which can be utilized into ventilation system in building. This study aims to anlayze the performance of HRV system with air type PVT collector applied for pre-heating. For this study, simulation results from TRNSYS modelling for conventional HRV and HRV with PVT collector were compared.


The paper describes a new legal remedy against foreign arbitration tribunals in the face of sanctions imposed against Russian people, briefly discloses its origins and application abroad, the first judicial practice. The author, based on the analysis of foreign and Russian literature, judicial practice, deduces basic features of anti-suit injunction. Particular attention is paid to the fact in issue stipulated in Article 248.2 of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. The paper provides a rationale for the optional nature of unenforceability of arbitration agreements.


The article focuses on the notion of the territory strategic management as a complex open system consisting of subsystems, which should be presented as a series of tasks formed by means of semantic, methodological and information signs and interconnected by direct and inverse information flows of different speed. The authors consider the methodology of the structural classification of objects system parameters, which form a competitive area, with the use of the method of inductive production functions approximation, which is presented on the basis of lump and linear approximation of the elementary combined expending functions with their additive and sequential combining into a single mathematical instrument. Integrated assessment procedure allows to set some divergences according to certain criteria. Due to the reduction scale identification the relative quantities of allowable errors can be extended to the integral indices. After a dosated approximation of expending functions lump and linear view and the use of inductive production function can be considered. An important issue is the definition of the classification quality criteria based on the characteristics of intermediate proximity of the points in classes and the average proximity (distance) of the classes themselves.


Seasonal changes in the soft body and biochemical composition of total tissues and parts of viscera and muscle of short-neck clam were studied with special reference to season for the table of this short-neck clam. The specimens were collected from the clam bed in Hakata Bay for one year. The seasonal range of fluctuation throughout the year in contents of water, protein, lipid and ash was small, while that of sugar, mainly glycogen, was large. Content of sugar was high from March to September with the exception of June. The soft body parts of short-neck clam were separated into two parts, viscera (gonad, digestive gland, stomach and intestine) and muscle (mantle, siphon, foot, gills and adductors) . The wet weight ratio of vicera to total soft body increased form March to reach a maximum in October and then decreased to reach a minimum in December. From the results of biochemical composition we assumed that season for the table of shortneck clam in Hakata Bay is from March to September, except June. (Received September 5, 1994)


Egg selection process can be performed by either natural or artificial way. The latter can be done by using image processing. It is segmenting the image of an egg to obtain objects contained in the image. This study is designed to identify fertile and infertile egg by using Otsu thresholding method. The importance of this study is designing model of egg detection system using image processing to obtain information of fertile and infertile egg. The results of egg testing show that algorithm and method that was used were able to distinguish the fertile and infertile eggs of domestic fowl.


First model-independent measurements of the hydrogen diffusivity D in lanthanum trihydrides LaH{sub x} (2.00{le}x{le}3.0) have been performed by PFG-NMR. At a fixed concentration x{le}2.92 , D(T) shows single Arrhenius behavior over wide temperature ranges. The activation enthalpy decreases with increasing x from 0.55 (x=2.00) to 0.17thinspthinspeV (x=2.92) , resulting in a strong increase in D . The formation of a hydrogen superstructure associated with the semiconductor-to-metal transition results in a strong reduction in D . It was also observed for the first time that in the stoichiometric limit D depends on the thermal history of the sample. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


Most of the water that ends up in Melbourne’s water supply catchments originates from wet Eucalyptus forests that are dominated by Eucalyptus regnans, the tallest known angiosperm on earth. Studies had shown that catchments that are dominated by these forests can experience a significant long-term (>100 years) reduction in streamflow after a stand-replacing fire, which was attributed to higher water-use of the dense overstory regrowth. However, despite several lines of evidence, the direction, extent and duration of post-fire hydrological behaviour vary significantly between catchments and between fire events. Here we propose that this variability is caused by initial stocking density and species composition after the fire, and the climatic conditions that prevail during forest regeneration that affect tree growth and mortality rates. In order to test the hypothesis, we formulated an ecohydrological model that simulates hydrology, growth and forest dynamics of E. regnans and Acacia dealbata, which are known to compete for resources during the initial stages of vegetation recovery. The new model shows high skill in predicting long-term streamflow when compared to observations using multiple sources of data. Simulation analysis shows that the direction, extent and duration of post-fire hydrological behaviour are sensitive to initial stocking density and to the relative abundance of species that regenerate after the fire, which influence the rate of self-thinning during stand development. Furthermore, simulation results show that the observed long-term reduction in streamflow is less likely to occur when the forest would have been less dense before the fire, which theoretically could only occur when a high proportion of the short-lived A. Dealbata regenerated after the previous fire. This highlights the importance of including mechanisms that control the effect of species composition on forest dynamics when modelling the effect of possible future climatic scenarios on water yield.


This paper tests the relationship between the insurance companies' ownership structure and the cost efficiency by applying SFA approach.The sample includes 247 sets of data from 30 life insurance companies in the period of 2003-2012.This paper uses the beyond translog cost function,and respectively establishes stochastic frontier cost efficiency model by setting the inefficiency term of life insurance companies into a function of a series of efficiency-affecting factors and random factors to accurately analyze the effect of ownership structure of China's life insurance companies on cost efficiency.The paper concludes that the nature of equity have no significant effect on the cost efficiency,while the ownership concentration has a significant impact on both of cost efficiency.


This paper has examined the impact of climate variability on crop yields and variance thereof in different agro-climatic zones of Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The results indicate that yields of paddy, maize, cotton and sugarcane benefit from the increase in temperature, while yield of banana benefits from the variation in temperature. The precipitation has a positive effect on the yield of cotton but a negative effect on the yield of maize. The yields of most crops, however,are negatively associated with precipitation intensity (ratio of highest monthly precipitation to annual precipitation). If temperature increases, the variance in paddy yield also increases. Likewise, excess rainfall increases variability in the yields of paddy and sugarcane. With climate change by 2030 the maize yield is expected to decrease by 1.4 per cent in the North-Western zone, 1.5 per cent in the Cauvery Delta zone and 2.7 per cent in the Southern zone. Cotton is likely to suffer more with about 13 per cent decline in yield in the North-Eastern zone, 8.1 per cent in the North-Western zone and 2.1 per cent in the Western zone. Sugarcane yield is likely to decline in Cauvery delta (3.8%) and Southern zone (4.7%) of the state. The study has suggested that appropriate weather-based crop insurance policy should be developed to reduce financial loss to the farmers.


Reinforced concrete deep beams with partially or fully fixed end conditions are more likely to occur in practical structures than simply supported end conditions. Tests carried out on eighteen beams over a range of geometrical parameters identified three modes of failure: flexure + shear, shear or diagonal splitting, and bearing. A simple method is proposed for the analysis of deep beams with fixed end conditions. The method is based on the assessment of strength for the different modes of failure and on maintaining the equilibrium of forces in all parts of the structure. The method is capable of predicting the mode of failure and the ultimate strength of the beams. The predicted modes of failure compare well with the experimental observations. The ultimate strengths from the analysis predict safer and, in a few cases, conservative values. A design method may be developed using the proposed method of analysis. (A)


The article analyzes the social functioning and quality of life of women with mental disorders. The relationship of demographic and premorbid factors with violent delicts were examined. The analysis of influence on the criminal behavior of the alcohol abuse and psychoactive substance addiction was carried out, as well as neglect, lack of housing and antisocial environment.


Challenging external economic conditions and the decline of global crude oil prices since mid-2014 have weighed on Canada's economic performance and growth prospects. Economic growth is projected to increase gradually in 2016 and 2017 as the natural resources sector slowly regains momentum. However, shifts in the markets for global natural resources and energy call for a diversification of the Canadian economy.


ABSTRACT The paper presents an effective antistatic composition for forming the web from silk waste on a carding machine. As a result, the needle punched nonwoven material modified with silver and copper nanoparticles was obtained from Bombyx mori natural silk. The specific surface area of the material is 0.223 m2/g, the average size of macropores is 85 μm; the minimum is 30 μm and the maximum is 370 μm. The holding capacity in case of dolomite dust is 99.4%. The presence of silver and copper nanoparticles gives the material antifungal properties that remain stable after no less than 4 washings.


In the future, communications will be pervasive in nature allowing users to access at the 'touch of button' any service, at any time, on any device. This will require future devices to go beyond the rigid specification we have today, to be reconfigurable in nature in order dialogue with a whole host wireless networking, even including the eventual 5G communication portal. However, any new design framework shouldn't only be about reconfiguration. Energy efficiency or green communications is now adopting a prominent role at the forefront of system design. On one hand, devices are increasingly becoming power hungry as more sophisticated applications and features, like navigations tools, are drawing more power from your handset device. Battery technology has not advanced sufficiently to cope with these energy demands, leading towards very restrictive battery lifetime and standby time, and the situation is likely to get worse as devices become smaller and always 'connected'. In fact, an energy trap is starting to emerge where users could be bound to the nearest available power sockets instead of enjoying the full benefits of user mobility, that 5G and beyond is likely to offer. On the hand, the energy bill accounts for the largest operational expense for mobile operators, which is likely to proliferate. Analysts are predicting that mobile traffic is set to explode with about every physical object we see (e.g., clothes, cars, trains, etc.) to form part of the Internet of things. It is predicted that a 1000x increase in data services can be expected within the next decade, urging operators to seek new solutions on how to deploy, and manage their networks for improving coverage, boosting their network's capacity, and above to all to keep the energy bill low through energy efficient design. Energy efficiency is a design driver that has had much attention from political strands. Recently, information and communication technology accounted for 3% and 2% of the global power consumption and global CO2 emissions, respectively, a worrying statistic that is likely to take an upwards trends with market demand always on the rise. To take a proactive stance towards mitigating this alarming trend, the vision of Europe 2020 is to become a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy, and as part of these priorities the EU have set forth the 20:20:20 targets, whereby greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption should be reduced by 20% while energy from renewables should be increased by 20%, respectively. The political drive in synergy with the need for reduced operational expenditure has placed green wireless networking at the forefront, requiring solutions that are not only spectrally efficient, but also energy efficient, in nature. The approach towards energy efficient design will be challenging and will require concrete solutions targeting all layers of the protocol stack, and low complexity RF while maintaining the required Quality of Experience (QoE). There is a need for networks and user terminals to take a more holistic design approach towards green communications, right from radio operation and functionality, up to the implementation. Investigating this line of research, the School of Engineering and Informatics at Bradford University (UK); 4TELL Research Group at the Instituto de Telecomunicações, (Aveiro-Portugal); School of Engineering & Engineering Technology at the Modibbo Adama University of Technology (Yola-Nigeria); School of Information Technology & Computing, American University of Nigeria; and the Commonwealth ITU group (UK) are all playing leading roles, and provided the inspiration for this IET Special Issue on Green Wireless Internet Technology. We aim to target high quality research and practical case studies in the very essence of green wireless networking and reconfigurable transceivers to provide design requirement and recommendations for the key components for tomorrow's ICT networks that will support a whole host of future services, internet of things (IoT) and e-applications with minimised energy cost. The scientific works presented here provide a step further toward overcoming the so called energy trap, which is seen by many as the next stumbling block in the migration towards 5G systems. We present twelve leading works that will allow the IET readership to go beyond state-of-the-art on these topics, and perhaps establish new bridges towards further innovation in green communications. The first article by Alimenti et al. is entitled '24-GHz Patch Antenna Array on Cellulose-Based Materials for Green Wireless Internet Applications'. The authors exploit the use of cellulose-based paper substrate to fabricate patch array antenna at 24GHz. They also adopt microstrip circuitry and exploit copper adhesive laminate that is shaped by a photo-lithographic process and transferred to the hosting substrate using a sacrificial layer. The proposed design shows the feasibility of low-cost antenna systems for green wireless internet technology and applications up to the boundary between microwaves and millimetre-waves. The contribution by Chen et al., entitled 'Analysis of Collaborative Spectrum Sensing With BPSK Signal Power


It is always a good day for a journal editor when there is too much material for an issue of the journal! This is exactly what happened with this issue of Advances in Nursing Science (ANS)! As a result, this issue contains "Health Equities: Part I." "Health Equities: Part II" will appear in the next issue (37:4), along with articles that focus on the topic "Post–Hospital Nursing." The volume of scholarly work that has emerged over the past several years addressing social justice issues is remarkable and affirms the conviction upon which many nurses historically have built their practice. In the contemporary context of growing and serious inequities worldwide, and the health consequences that follow, this movement on the part of nurses is especially significant. My colleagues, Paula Kagan and Marlaine Smith, and I have just completed the production of a text that is due to be published at about the same time as this issue, the title of which is Philosophies and Practices of Emancipatory Nursing: Social Justice as Praxis. In the Introduction, we presented elements of the concepts of "critical" and "emancipatory" that emerged from the works of the book's chapter authors. Taken together, these elements define the scope and nature of emancipatory nursing—a perspective that addresses the health outcomes of inequities. These elements are as follows: • Challenging what is taken as "truth" or the "way things are." • Thinking and working "upstream," addressing the root causes of health and social inequities. • Examining and disrupting systems that advantage some and disadvantage others.


In recent years, one-way Electric Car sharing (ECs) systems have been introduced in many cities. One-way trips, as well as battery range issues, directly influence the quality and dynamics of such systems. Due to the demand and supply imbalance at stations, the ECs operators are faced with crucial operational challenges to reduce the relocation costs and increase the number of users. An agent-based relocation strategy based on real-time inventory control within the framework of generalized stochastic Petri Nets (PN) and a discrete event simulation has been proposed in this paper. Furthermore, an associated system performance evaluation was also developed. This model further assesses the effects of system characteristics such as the battery charging level availability threshold on the behavior and dynamics of the system. Moreover, the developed model and simulation show the potential of using PN models to predict critical situations, analyze relocation strategy efficiency, and improve system performance. Results from the simulation indicate that the overall relocation trips are reduced by estimating the time to launch the relocation process, as well as the conflicts between agents (controlling the assignment of agents among stations) during the balancing process are efficiently resolved. The proposed model and simulation algorithm have been applied to the BlueSG network in downtown Singapore.


1. Experimental techniques designed to produce regularly intermittent visual, auditory and tactile stimulation in human subjects are described. Blood-oxygen saturation levels were monitored by a method of spectroscopic oximetry during the periods of stimulation.

2. Profiles were obtained on 58 healthy subjects and 51 patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric disorders. Oximetric measurements were taken at stimulation frequencies varying from 2–70 f./sec., and it is shown that the oxygen levels varied critically with the stimulation rates, intensity of stimulation and summation of different modes of stimulation. Oximetric levels showed however the same patterns of change irrespective of whether the type of stimulation was separately photic, sonic or tactile.

3. Similar, but not identical stimulation profiles were obtained from the patients but many showed differential lability of response or a shift to the left from the healthy pattern.

4. In most subjects it was possible to obtain significant degrees of oximetric anoxaemia, hyperoxaemia or equivalence with resting levels dependent upon the critical stimulation frequency employed.

5. By depressing the oxygen levels by the choice of optimal stimulation frequencies, spontaneous comments by the healthy subjects revealed considerable changes in affect and levels of awareness while, among the patients, repressed unconscious material was brought into consciousness.

6. The implications of these findings are discussed.


A globalized curriculum has the potential to prepare students in a way that equips them for whatever sport looks like in the future. Study abroad programs are one way to achieve this. The current study looked at two short-term study abroad programs (one to western Europe, one to South Africa), offered during the same semester at the same institution, comparing learning outcomes between students on the two trips. Utilizing a mixed methods design, students completed quantitative pre/post surveys and responded to qualitative, open-ended daily prompts while on the trips. Findings indicate that knowledge acquisition occurs in both programs; however, students traveling on a sport-focused service-based trip to South Africa had a more transformational learning experience than those traveling on a sport-business-focused trip to western Europe.


This isotope separating plant has a great height with many long columns in parallel, low process flows compared with its boil-up, and a long time response. All these features result from dealing with a mixture whose separation factor is near unity, the carbon monoxide system. Considering that there are three isotopes of oxygen involved, six molecular species are being separated. Although CO molecules are unreacting within the columns, an exchange reactor is used when the separation is partially complete to assist in obtaining high quality product. These considerations have been formulated in a good theoretical design procedure along with excellent mechanical design, fabrication and assembly to yield a plant of high performance for carbon-13 production.


Abstract : Outline: 1. Introduction * Characteristics of operational-level planning * Motivation of this work 2. Operational-level course of action (COA) modelling * A conceptual task model * Formalising the conceptual model with Coloured Petri Nets 3. Model Execution and Analysis * COAST demonstration 4. Conclusions and future work