High temperature aging method was used to accelerate the aging process of 12Cr1MoV steel which is mainly used as pressure vessel, steam pipes and so on. The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical property was systematically investigated during the process. It is revealed that during the aging process, pearlite was spheroidized gradually and carbide gathered at the grain boundary. The rate of pearlite spheroidization gradually reduced with the high temperature aging time increasing. Based on the hardness measurement and the analysis of the microstructure, the service life of the material was predicted through the combination of the hardness value and the Larson-Miller parameters. Introduction 12Cr1MoV steel is widely used as boiler superheater, steel box and main steam pipes under high pressure, super high pressure and subcritical pressure [1-4]. With high oxidation resistance and thermal strength, the creep limit of 12Cr1MoV steel is very close to the strength value with high plasticity in the case of long lasting tension. 12Cr1MoV steel has high hot strength and oxidation resistance and high durable plastic even at 580C. In addition, the processing and welding property of the steel are well. However, in the long-term use at 580C, the pearlite in the microstructure of steels will be spheroidized, that is, the shape of the Fe3C in the pearlite gradually transforms into granular carbide, mainly including the fracture of the lamellar structure and grain coarsening [5]. In addition to the structural defects of itself, there are other factors affecting the rate of the spheroidization, such as pearlite spacing and alloying elements, which can not be ignored [6,7]. With the increase of pearlite spheroidization and the dilution degree of alloying elements in solid solution, mechanical properties of the steel decrease gradually resulting in material deterioration even failure [8,9]. For the power station boiler steel [10], the life of the steel materials is usually predicted through the combination of the non destructive testing (NDT) and Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) formula [11-13]. Hardness indicates not only the ability of the material to resist deformation, but also the damage of the material in the long term. There is relationship between the hardness tests and creep resistance [14]. H.C. Furtado [15]studied the relationship between hardness and LMP of the 9Cr-Mo ferrite steel and found a method to evaluate the injury degree of the material based on hardness test. The formula HV=961.713-0.020669P was used to describe the relationship between the hardness and LMP[16]. Therefore, the remaining service life of the material can be obtained by the change of hardness data, when the temperature and pressure are known. However, the microstructure imparity at different regions of materials may lead to abnormal value of material hardness. In order to well characterize the damage of material, hardness measurement and microstructure observation should be both considered. Thus, it is very important to investigate the relationship between the microstructure and hardness to predict the remaining service life of 12Cr1MoV steel. In this paper, we systematically investigated the microstructure and hardness of 12Cr1MoV steel during different aging processes. Together with the microstructure characterization, the service life of the steel is predicted based on the analysis of the material hardness. 0195 4th Annual International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2016) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press Experimental Materials and Methods The material is the new tube without use provided by the Tianjin special inspection institute. The composition of the material was detected by ARL4460 spectrometer and HX-HW8B carbon sulfur detection instrument. Components were as follows: 0.119C, 0.232Si, 0.6Mn, 1.02Cr, 0.264Mo, 0.011Cu and a very small amount of P and S, and the residual component is Fe. In order to investigate the influence of temperature and aging time on the spheroidization degree of 12Cr1MoV, the samples were heated at different temperature and aging time. 12Cr1MoV was put into the resistance furnace for the aging heat treatment. The aging time was set as from 2 to 168 h at 500, 550, 600, and 650C, respectively. Then the specimen was moved out under the air cooling. The microstructure and morphology of the materials were characterized by OLYMPUS BX41M optical microscope, S4800 scanning electron microscope, and SU1510 scanning electron microscope. According to the national standard, the spheroidization degree of 12Cr1MoV is divided into 5 levels: non-spheroidization (level 1), mild spheroidization (level 2), moderate spheroidization (level 3), complete (level 4) and serious (level 5) spheroidization. Level 1: pearlite (bainite) region is obvious, the carbide in pearlite is not all of the lamellar, and there is a gray block area. Level 2: the aggregation morphology of the pearlite region has begun to disperse. But its composition is still relatively compact, and the pearlite maintains the original shape of the region. Level 3: the carbide in pearlite region has been significantly dispersed and transferred into small balls, but the original shape of the region still maintains. Level 4: most of the carbide has been dispersed in the ferrite grain boundaries, and there is only trace of pearlite region. Level 5: pearlite regional morphology has completely disappeared, and carbide particles are distributed in the ferrite grain boundaries with dimorphism. Vickers hardness (HV) test was done through the HMV-1000TMB video display automatic rotating tower microhardness tester with the test loading of 50g and loading time of 5s, and the pressure head was regular pyramid type diamond indenter. Results and Discussion Figure 2 shows the metallographic images of the 12Cr1MoV specimens heat-treated at 550, 600, and 650C for 32, 118, 168 h, respectively. In the initial state (Fig.1), the specimen contains black and white phases. The white phase is ferrite as the matrix of material, and the black region is the pearlite phase. Because the content of carbon in the sample is low, the pearlite is evenly distributed in the matrix, which is mainly located at the intersection of the grain boundary and the grain boundary. Fig.1, Metallographic images of the initial samples Compared with the initial microstructure, there is no obvious difference of the distribution of pearlite in the specimens heat-treated for seven days (168h) at 550 C. According to the law of diffusion, the diffusion of carbon needs to reach certain diffusion activation energy. The holding temperature of 550 C is low and close to the actual working temperature. With shorter aging time compared with the actual working time of the steel, there is no apparent diffusion carbon, and thus, 0196 4th Annual International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2016) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press the morphology of the pearlite changes little in Fig.2 (a.b.c). In contrast, after heat treated at 600 C for 168 h, pearlite zone is reduced, and the distribution density of carbides decreases and becomes sparse in Fig.2f. Since the temperature has a significant impact on the diffusion of atoms in the materials, under the same holding time, with the temperature increasing by 50 C, atomic thermal motion of carbon increases. Thus, the diffusion coefficient of carbon increases significantly, and the diffusion rate becomes fast. As a result, pearlite spheroidization is obvious. When the temperature further increases to 650°C, pearlite area and distribution density of carbides obviously decrease after only 32h heat treatment in Fig.2g. With the holding time increasing to 118h, the pearlite area almost disappears. Carbides distributes at the grain boundaries with only a small amount of carbides distributing in the original pearlite area in Fig.2h. With the holding time further increasing, carbide gathers at the grain boundaries, and there is large granular carbides in Fig.2i. Fig.2, Metallographic images of the samples heat-treated at different temperature and time. (a) 550 °C, 32 h; (b) 550 °C, 118 h; (c) 550 °C, 168 h; (d) 600 °C, 32 h; (e) 600 °C, 118 h; (f) 600 °C, 168 h; (g) 650 °C, 32 h; (h) 650 °C, 118 h; (i) 650 °C, 168 h. The microstructures of the samples were further analyzed by scanning electron microscope, as shown in Fig.3. Metallographic images of the samples reveal no obvious change at 550°C. More detailed observation through SEM images shows that the pearlite undergoes significant changes. With the holding time of 38h, the lamellar structure significantly reduces (Fig.3a). There is short rod and little granular carbide. Thus, the pearlite spheroidization begins, namely mild spheroidization (level 2). With the holding time increasing to 118h, the pearlite lamellar structure gradually disappears, showing more short rod and granular carbide, and the amount and area of the pearlite distribution decreases (Fig.3b). When the heat treatment lasts 168h, the carbide distributes in the long strip near the grain boundary, and the carbide at the grain boundary increases. The pearlite spheroidization stage is between the level 2 and 3 (Fig.3c). The microstructure of the specimen heat treated at 600 °C for 38 h exhibits that the pearlite lamellar structure completely disappears with the short rod and granular carbide distributing in the original pearlite region(Fig.3d). The microstructure is similar to that of the sample heat treated at 550°C for 168h, confirming the significant impact of holding temperature on the diffusion of carbon. (a) (b) (c)


Mixed-model manufacturing systems are generally adopted in manufacturing enterprises and load balancing is an important aspect in designing a manufacturing system.The mixed-model manufacturing system balancing problem is solved based on queuing theory.At first,a mixed-model manufacturing system is simplified to an open-loop queuing network model and the different classes of products are aggregated.After that,the whole mixed-model queuing network is simplified to be a single product model queuing network in which every work unit can be modeled as a G/G/1 queuing system.Next,the mean processing time of the aggregated product at every work unit is obtained by analyzing the typical queuing model of a single work unit.Finally,the combination of the number of stations and the smoothing index of the manufacturing system after being balanced is considered as the objective function and a genetic algorithm is presented to solve this problem.A numerical example shows that the method is effective and feasible.


Summary A performance indicator system, the A‐level Information System (ALIS), was used as a basis for an action research project. Teachers identified a teaching technique which had appeared in the ALIS data to be little used and yet associated with good outcomes, both cognitive and affective. The teaching technique consisted of having students present work to the rest of the class, i.e. 'student presentations'. Teachers deliberately introduced some student presentations into their lessons at intervals during a six‐week period. The students rated their lessons on weekly questionnaires using semantic differentials. There was clear evidence for the positive influence of student presentations on some of the affective measures. One of these measures (stimulating vs tedious) showed a positive effect across all teaching groups, no matter what the nature of the presentations. These findings are discussed in relation to evidence provided by the participating teachers, as well as from other research. Whilst the st...


where C = C(x,y,z) is a factor that we ignore here for simplicity, k = 2π/λ, and P(x0,y0) is the pupil function at the position x0 and y0. Eq. 1 is the two dimensional Fourier transform of the pupil function. The diffracted electric field Edif corresponds to the required light distribution on the screen (= flat hat). The pupil function is the required phase DOE. This means, in the case of Fraunhofer diffraction, the DOE can be calculated by inverse Fourier transform of the diffracted electric field on a screen. -In most practical applications the far-field approximation (Fraunhofer diffraction) cannot be used and thus Fresnel approximation must be used instead. In addition, Eq. (1) assumes a homogeneous light distribution, which is not the case when using laser illumination with Gaussian distribution. Thus the calculation of the DOE (pupil function) is a complex mathematical problem, which is iteratively solved and implemented in commercial software as illustrated in example [3].


Recovering valuable metal from tailings has always been one of national resource comprehensive utilization key research subjects. There are copper-bearing magnetite which contains 43.31% of iron and 0.21% of copper in some places. After grinding-low intensity magnetic separation-flotation process can get 68.87% of iron concentrate with recovery 64.39% and copper concentrate which contain copper 12.67% with recovery of 75.30%. The experiment results will provide an effective way to comprehensive utilize the resource in one area.


In this paper we propose a new test statistic for unsupervised change detection in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR) data. We work with multilook complex (MLC) covariance matrix data, whose underlying model is assumed to be the scaled complex Wishart distribution. We use the complex kind Hotelling-Lawley (HL) trace statistic for measuring the similarity of two covariance matrices. The sampling distribution of the HL trace is approximated by a Fisher-Snedecor distribution, which is used to define the significance level of a constant false alarm rate change detector. The performance of the proposed method is tested on simulated and real PolSAR data sets and compared to the likelihood ratio test statistic.


Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus probably play a role in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Analyses to determine the spread routes highly rely on basic information on their distribution and abundance, however, this information is still limited, especially the population wintering on the Yun-Gui Plateau in China. In 2002, 2003 and 2004, we surveyed all known wintering areas of Bar-headed Geese by undertaking counts at roosts in Yunnan and Guizhou Province. Our surveys found total numbers ranging from a maximum of 3821 geese in January 2004 to 1456 geese in January 2002. The highest concentrations of geese during all three surveys occurred at Lashihai reservoir, Caohai Lake, Napahai Wetland and Daqiao reservoir. A migration route from Caohai Lake in Guizou Province to Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province has been identified by bird banding and satellite tracking. However, the Bar-headed Geese on the Yun-Gui Plateau are more isolated, and we suggest that more geese should be tracked or banded in the future in this area to establish the migration routes of this segment of the population.


kinds of speakers. As a consequence of that, the tone of the volume seems to be often more political and ideological than scientific, with very different and contrasting approaches. The greatest significance of the book is not the contents of every chapter, but can be ascribed to the way it shows such different visions and opposing ideals. 'Divided idea(l)s' or 'divided visions' would have been a more appropriate title than the selected one.


Corresponding address: Andrzej Hadzik, PhD, Associate Professor The Department of Tourism and Pro-health Physical Activity, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, phone: 502 552 548, e-mail: a.hadzik@ awf.katowice.pl Andrzej Tucki, PhD, lecturer The Department of Earth Sciences and Spatial Planning, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin Aleja Kraśnicka 2, 20-718 Lublin, phone: 81 5376853, e-mail: andrzej. firstname.lastname@example.com


Cardiopulmonary bypass,as a new subject,has rapidly developed in recent years in China.However,there are some problems such as unbalanced development of cardiopulmonary bypass and various levels of cardiopulmonary bypass perfusionists in different regions.This paper explores how to strengthen continuing education of cardiopulmonary bypass perfusionists in order to develop their overall ability.


Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased mortality and dialysis in hospitalized patients but has been little explored in the emergency department (ED) setting. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the risk factors, prevalence, management, and outcomes in the ED population, and to identify the proportion of AKI patients who were discharged home with no renal-specific follow-up. Design: This is a retrospective cohort study using administrative and laboratory databases. Setting: Two urban EDs in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Patients: We included all unique ED patients over a 1-week period. Methods: All patients had their described demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory values, and ED treatments collected. AKI was defined pragmatically, based upon accepted guidelines. The cohort was then probabilistically linked to the provincial renal database to ascertain renal replacement (transplant or dialysis) and the provincial vital statistics database to obtain mortality. The primary outcome was the prevalence of AKI; secondary outcomes included (1) the proportion of AKI patients who were discharged home with no renal-specific follow-up and (2) the combined 30-day rate of death or renal replacement among AKI patients. Results: There were 1651 ED unique patients, and 840 had at least one serum creatinine (SCr) obtained. Overall, 90 patients had AKI (10.7% of ED patients with at least one SCr, 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7%-13.1%; 5.5% of all ED patients, 95% CI, 4.4%-6.7%) with a median age of 74 and 70% male. Of the 31 (34.4%) AKI patients discharged home, 4 (12.9%) had renal-specific follow-up arranged in the ED. Among the 90 AKI patients, 11 died and none required renal replacement at 30 days, for a combined outcome of 12.2% (95% CI, 6.5%-21.2%). Limitations: Sample sizes may be small. Nearly half of ED patients did not obtain an SCr. Many patients did not have sequential SCr testing, and a modified definition of AKI was used.


Looking beyond the commissioning of the LHC, which is expected to start at the end of 2007, CERN is setting up its scientific plan for the years to come. The concerns about the reliability of the old LHC injectors and the need to progressively remove the technical bottlenecks towards higher luminosity in the LHC have initiated a reflection on the design of the main elements of the LHC injection chain. A plan under consideration foresees in the years 20072010 the construction of a 160 MeV H linear accelerator, Linac4, injecting into the old 1.4 GeV PS Booster (PSB). In a second stage, the PSB could be replaced by a superconducting linac, the SPL, at an energy between 3.5 and 5 GeV. The Proton Synchrotron (PS) would be in turn replaced by a new PS2 reaching a higher energy of 50 GeV. Linac4 and SPL can operate at a higher duty cycle than needed for LHC injection, allowing functioning as a high-intensity facility for neutrino or radioactive ion physics at a later stage. This paper describes the design of the two linear accelerators involved in this upgrade strategy, Linac4 and SPL, and outlines some results of the R&D programme aimed at preparing the construction of Linac4.


It is not known whether or how distinctions between secondary (2°) CD4+ T cell effectors, generated from memory precursors, and primary (1°) effectors, arising from naïve cells, contribute to protective recall responses. Here, we compare these two populations in vivo following influenza A virus infection (IAV). We show that 2° effectors are functionally superior to 1° effectors, and that their generation is critical to memory CD4+ T cell mediated protection against IAV. 2° effectors develop and migrate to infected lungs with similar kinetics, but 2° effectors accumulate in greater number and demonstrate enhanced multifunctional capabilities. The 2° effector response in the lung is a critical component of protection against influenza mediated by memory CD4+ T cells and upon transfer to unprimed hosts, 2° effectors are superior to 1° effectors at mediating protection. Transcriptome analysis indicates that 1° and 2° effectors responding in different organs share key genetic pattterns, however, 2° effectors possess unique gene signatures. Finally, by targeting differentially expressed surface molecules, we demonstrate specific regulation of 1° and 2° effector functions in vivo. Our approach provides novel insight into the regulation of effector CD4+ T cells during pathogen challenge and may reveal ideal candidates for manipulation with the goal of directing the generation of larger populations of multifunctional effectors in a variety of settings apart from IAV infection.


It is widely held that quadrupeds choose steady gaits that minimize their energetic cost of transport, but it is difficult to explore the entire range of possible footfall sequences empirically. We present a simple model of a quadruped that can spontaneously produce any of the 2500+ planar footfall sequences available to quadrupeds. Through trajectory optimization of a work and force-rate cost, and a large sample of random initial guesses, we provide stronger evidence towards the global optimality of symmetrical four-beat walking at low speeds and two beat running (trotting) at intermediate speeds. Using input parameters based on measurements in dogs, the model predicts the correct phase offset in walking. It also spontaneously reproduces the double-hump ground reaction force profile observed in walking, and the half-sine profile observed in trotting, despite the model's lack of springs. However, the model incorrectly predicts duty factor at the slowest speeds, and does not choose galloping as globally optimal at high speeds. These limitations might point to missing levels of complexity that could be added to future quadrupedal models, but the present results suggest that massive legs, elastic components, head-neck oscillations and even multi-linked legs are not critical determiners for the optimality of natural quadrupedal walking and trotting. Author summary


A second-order combline bandpass filter (BPF) in the standard 0.13 μm 1P8M CMOS technology is presented. The miniaturized resonator consists of the on-chip thin-film microstrip transmission line and an interdigital capacitor. The characteristics of the transmission line and the capacitor are theoretically extracted for the filter syntheses. Based on the reported design procedures, a CMOS prototype are implemented and experimentally characterized, showing an insertion-loss of 2.7 dB at 170 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 10 %. The chip size is 86.5 μm by 45 μm.


The Council received a written report from Professor Sin Edward Wayne on his attendance at the 4th International Conference on Alcohol and Traffic Safety held at Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A., from 6 to 9 December 1965. In the course of his report Professor Wayne stated that the B.M.A.'s report, " The Drinking Driver," had had a profound influence on international thinking, and several delegates mentioned how helpful they had found it in dealing with governmental authorities.


We report on the π–π interactions between graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and the following cobalt phthalocyanine derivatives: cobalt monocarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (complex 1), cobalt tetracarboxyphenoxyphthalocyanine (complex 2), and cobalt tetraaminophenoxy phthalocyanine (complex 3). The conjugates (conj) with GQDs are represented as 1@GQDs(conj), 2@GQDs(conj) and 3@GQDs(conj), respectively. The resulting phthalocyanine/GQDs conjugates were adsorbed on containing a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the drop and dry method. We explore the electrochemical properties of phthalocyanines functionalized with both electron withdrawing groups and electron donating groups when non-covalently linked to the π-electron rich graphene quantum dots. GCE/3, GCE/2@GQDs(conj) and GCE/1@GQDs(conj) had the lowest limits of detection (LOD). Sequentially modified electrodes showed less favourable detection limits compared to the conjugates.


An examination of recent research on psychosocial treatments for personality disorders, including randomized controlled trials and empirically supported therapies as well as dialectical behavior therapy.


The chemical processing industry is faced with a need to manufacture quality products while minimizing production costs and complying with all safety and environmental regulations. As a result of the constant change in regulations, the Pollution Prevention Act, and the increasing pollution control costs, end-of-the-pipe treatment is no longer feasible or recommended. Therefore, a recent approach is to apply source reduction instead of the end-of-the-pipe treatment. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of a methodology for waste minimization and the reduction of energy consumption in the chemical processing industry (CPI) by the modification of existing processes. This task was accomplished through the use of ASPEN PLUS{trademark} a sequential modular simulator and the combination of a hierarchical procedure for generating process alternatives, process integration for analyzing energy efficiency, and a mathematical programming approach for process optimization (MINLP). The methyl chloride process has methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride as byproducts. These chemicals are regulated by the CAA, CWA, RCRA, and HON. This process was used as a case study. The significance of this work lies in the development of a general methodology to identify potential pollution prevention projects in the CPI by using economic, energy, and environmentalmore » criterion.« less


This essay explores an aspect of the uses made of Thomas De Quincey as source of legitimacy for Borges's "creative project", in particular for the writing of fiction in his classical stage (1940s). We can call this aspect "the question of textual intoxication". The paper evaluates the fact that in Borges the image of De Quincey as a writer appears without reference to opium, an element undoubtedly central for De Quincey. Considering De Quincey's intoxicated text, it offers some notes for a rereading of what Ana Maria Barrenechea called, at the beginning of the beat age, the "unreality" of Borges's work. As part of the same task, it previously describes De Quincey's "narcotization of romanticism", which can be read in the references of Confessions of an English Opium Eater; being an Extract from de Life of a Scholar (1821) to Biographia Literaria (1817) by S. T. Coleridge. This procedure is fundamental for an understanding of the image of the writer as "Opium-Eater", and of the meaning which De Quincey assigned to the word "literature" in other texts.


Professor Erik Jensen argues that Congress may not tax wealth and may not adopt a national sales or consumption tax.1 The apportionment clauses of the Constitution say that federal "direct taxes" must be apportioned among the states according to their population.2 Apportionment according to population is a hobbling requirement, somewhere between utterly silly and impossible for any tax base that is uneven per capita among the states. Apportionment yields not fair results but perverse results. As a practical matter if apportionment is required, the tax is impossible. The Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1913, was written to allow Congress to tax income without the hobbling apportionment requirement. Professor Jensen says that the adopters of the Sixteenth Amendment knew the difference between an income tax and a tax on consumption or on wealth3 so the fact that the Calvin H. Johnson is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin School of Law. He thanks Bruce Ackerman, Er ik Jensen, Mar jor ie Kornhauser, and Lawrence Zelenak for comments to the drafts. Any remaining errors are the author's. Professor Eric Jensen has argued that a federal tax on consumption, sales or wealth would not be constitutional because the Sixteenth Amendment allows only a tax on "income," without apportionment of the tax among the states. Calvin Johnson responds here that apportionment will never be required when it is impossible or unreasonable, under the doctrine originating in the 1796 case of Hylton v. United States. In 1895, the Supreme Court purported to overrule Hylton in its 5-4 decision in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. Johnson argues, however, that Pollock was wrong when decided and has been so cut back by the Supreme Court and so assaulted by the Sixteenth Amendment that Pollock can no longer be relied on for any proposition. Without Pollock, Johnson argues, a federal wealth or consumption tax is clearly constitutional.


In this issue of Blood, Fish et al uncover how Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) enhances MYC-driven B-cell lymphoma by crossing EBV Em-EBV latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) transgenic mice with immunoglobulin-l (Igl)-MYC transgenic mice.


Biodiesel is a proven alternative to petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made using a transesterification reaction. A byproduct of this reaction is the formation of soap. A post-processing washing step is needed to bring the biodiesel product into specification. Washing is typically performed with water, causing many problems. There are several alternative washing methods. These include passing the fuel through a bed of ion exchange resin or mixing magnesium silicate with the fuel then passing the fuel through filtration. The performance and cost of ion exchange resin and magnesium silicate ability to remove soap from biodiesel was tested. Flow rate, methanol concentration and bed height all have an impact on the performance of using ion exchange resin to remove soap from biodiesel. When processing fuel with ion exchange resin a soap-glycerin layer can form on top of the resin bed causing operation problems. Processing fuel with ion exchange resin can increase its acid value. The percentage by weight of magnesium silicate used to remove soap from biodiesel is the primary factor in its performance. Recirculating the biodiesel through a magnesium silicate filter cake improved performance. Comparing the cost of using magnesium silicate versus ion exchange shows that ion exchange resin is more cost effective.


Czeslaw Milosz's The Issa Valley [ Dolina Issy ] was published in the Paris Literary Institute in 1955 and soon after started paving its way to readers in the author's native country, in spite of the censorship. This article traces back the novel's reception in the so-called Thaw (post-Stalin) period (1955–1957) in the light of official domestic publications and the documents of the Censorship Office. Those years saw publication of several argumentative and favourable essays on the novel (by e.g. I. Slawinska, J. Blonski, J. Zawieyski). The censors banned just one extensive discussion text on The Issa Valley , by Jaroslaw-Marek Rymkiewicz, and this owing to where it was published. A ban on publishing the poet's works in a nonserial form was maintained. In that transitional period, new directives were coming from the communist-party headquarters, and the censors would often consult the heads of departments they reported to, or the Central Censorship Office directly. The situation grew severer by 1958, with the poet's name being consistently removed from most publications.


States in 62Ni were populated using the 61Ni(d,p) reaction initiated by a polarized deuteron beam. Measurements of vector and tensor analysing powers allowed to deduce dominant j‐transfer values for 32 levels in 62Ni. Below 3.5 MeV excitation the reaction is dominanted by 3/2−, 1/2−, and 5/2− transfers whereas higher levels are populated mainly by 5/2+ and 9/2+ transfers. No strong 7/2− transition was observed.


Suppose that the vertices of the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$ are endowed with a random scenery, obtained by tossing a fair coin at each vertex. A random walker, starting from the origin, replaces the coins along its path by i.i.d. biased coins. For which walks and dimensions can the resulting scenery be distinguished from the original scenery? We find the answer for simple random walk, where it does not depend on dimension, and for walks with a nonzero mean, where a transition occurs between dimensions three and four. We also answer this question for other types of graphs and walks, and raise several new questions.


Abstract : The area of walking machines is investigated. A design for a central pattern generator composed of nonlinear coupled oscillators which generates the characteristic gaits of the walking stick insect is presented. A full dynamic model of the walking stick insect is developed, including ground interaction. Furthermore, a method of numerically solving the dynamic equations is described. Next, a control system utilizing the system of nonlinear coupled oscillators is presented. Finally, a numerical/graphical simulation of the walking stick insect is described, and results presented.


What explains cross-national price variation? A seminal literature in comparative political economy argues that electoral systems systematically affect price levels: compared to majoritarian electoral systems, proportional systems make governments more responsive to producer interests, and hence engender higher producer profits and overall prices. I argue that higher prices in PR systems actually reflect a different causal mechanism: energy policy. Since the 1970s oil shocks, governments in PR systems have more aggressively pursued energy conservation by raising the price of energy-intensive consumption. Contrary to consumerproducer power theory, which predicts a systematic relationship between electoral systems and prices, I show that price-level differences across electoral systems: 1. only emerged after the 1970s; and 2. the differences are concentrated in energy-intensive consumption.


Abstract. The Repository Site Selection Act can only be successfully implemented when it is embedded in a comprehensive context of gentle regulation. The Repository Site Selection Act accentuates not only options for solving conflicts prior to judicial legal protection. The Act also furthermore features supplementary, informal forms of public participation. Diverse examples of encounter, contention and discourse, all of which are resources for solving conflict, as forms of gentle regulation are presented (national support board, participation representative, development of public participation, particularly informal public participation, compensation and socioeconomic development, political communication and storytelling, restorative justice, historical analyses, narrative salon). This perspective has so far had very little discussion. The (legal) discussion is concentrated on possibilities for legal protection in court. The attempt at gentle regulation needs further mediation and discussions if the innovative approach in the repository site selection procedure should be successfull. The starting point is a jurisprudence, which questions success and effectiveness of regulations and discusses various ways and approaches.


This theoretical essay proposes to identify and discuss the types of rationality in management education in Brazil to propose a reflection on the need to insert more substantive approaches in their training, in addition to analyzing the practical development of administrators' actions during their training. It uses a literature review, including books, articles published in journals and national and international conferences as well as dissertations and thesis produced in Brazil. These data sources, sought to identify the directions given by the management training programs with regard to the present type of rationality. The analysis indicate that predominates the strengthening of the hegemonic economic rationality (instrumental) at the expense of substantive rationality and its social benefits. It also shows that the practice during the training course is low and that the existing one had not yet developed the necessary skills for the administrator, as even the concern about the practice guided by instrumental rationality does not provide the necessary resources to situations that are not within the "scheme" of the theories discussed in class. Finally, it suggests discussing the need to strengthen the substantive aspects in the management training in business schools in Brazil.


Aim. To study the association of the rs1042713 polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene with cardiomyopathies of various origins.
Material and methods. The study included patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and myocardial dilatation of ischemic genesis (DM IG).The total number of people surveyed is 221. The average age of the subjects was 55.309.69 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: one of them patients with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy idiopathic (predictors of expansion of the heart cavities are excluded) and the other-patients with dilated myocardium of ischemic origin (a history of IHD). The number of patients in the first group was 111, including 99 (89.2%) men and 12 (10.8%) women. The average age of patients in this group is 51.739.74 years. The second group included patients with myocardial dilatation of ischemic origin. Their number is 110 people, including 100 (91.5%) men and 10 (8.5%) women. The average age of the respondents is 58.688.38 years. The control group consists of individuals who did not have any manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Their number is 221 people (average age 53.64.8 years). Laboratory and instrumental studies, coronary angiography, and molecular genetic studies of the rs1042713 polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene were performed for all participants in the study. Those patients who were excluded predictors of the occurrence of dilation of the heart cavities were assigned to the first group. The second group included patients with a history of CHD.
Results. In the group with DCMP, 10.8% of patients were carriers of the common homozygous AA genotype, the heterozygous AG genotype 48.6%, and the rare homozygous GG genotype 40.5%. In the group of patients with DM IG, 16.4% of patients were carriers of the common homozygous AA genotype, the heterozygous AG genotype 51.8%, and the rare homozygous GG genotype 31.8%. In the control group, 11.8% of patients were identified as carriers of the homozygous genotype for the common allele, 47.5% carriers of the heterozygous genotype, and 40.7% carriers of the homozygous genotype for the rare allele. No statistically significant results were obtained in the group of patients with DCMP and DM IG compared to the control group of the rs1042713 polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene.
Conclusion. No association of ADRB2 gene rs1042713 polymorphism with DCMI and DM IG was revealed.


The usage of concepts that add flexibility to built spaces by generating the capacity to adapt to new demands is an economically viable and operationally attractive alternative to deal with demand fluctuation. This study aims to analyze the influence of those concepts on the Airport Passenger Terminal's layout by evaluating the performance of the 13 busiest Brazilian airports' check-in areas. It carries out a comparative assessment to establish the main flexibility parameters within the Airport Passenger Terminals. Moreover, it identifies the most efficient characteristics used in the built spaces at the airports. For that, this examination applies the DEA-BCC model oriented to input, analyzing as input data the relation between the check-in area and the total area of the Airport Passenger Terminal building, the number of check-in counters and the waiting time at the queue, and output data the installed capacity of the airports. The results indicate that change in the percentage of check-in area used is the criteria that best reflects the efficiency of an Airport Passenger Terminal.


Educational developments that have occurred in Nigeria since 1950 have been so rapid, so varied, and sometimes so inconclusive that researchers in Nigeria's contemporary education Africans and non-Africans must necessarily be extremely cautious in pontificating theorization. However, discussions of current issues in Nigerian education that tend to ignore the development of the present power structures and its effects on modern educational politics in Nigeria are more than anything else, frivolous. For it was the power structures of the past that create the educational problems of the present. At both stages in Nigeria's educational development, government was pitted against the Christian missions. In 1960, political power was transferred to Nigerian hands. As it was the fashion in the new African states, political independence was seen as a break with the past, a new beginning. The present article examines the power structures in Nigeria's educational system during the colonial period and focuses on the dilemma facing Christian missionary bodies in Nigeria resulting largely from political independence and Nigeria's post-independence educational goals.


Wadi Araba is a landform of unique character, a massive linear depression stretching from the Dead to the Red Sea. There has long been a debate about the nature of human traffic in the Araba. While most agree that many cross-routes existed throughout the valley, contentions remain over whether any north-south routes ran through the Araba. Andrew Smith examines the broad range of settlement activity in the valley and the interconnections between the settlements to illuminate how ecological factors determined the nature both of settlement activity and of communication and exchange networks in the valley. In so doing he concludes that north-south routes did in deed exist within the Wadi Araba facilitating cultural interaction in the Nabataean and Roman periods.


This study aims to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the development of handicrafts in the Sungai Limas village of Hulu Sungai Utara, and alternative development strategies in the Sungai Limas village of Hulu Sungai Utara. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of IFE matrix total score of 2.767 and EFE matrices obtained a total score of 2.939 where the matrix V IE placed on the strategic quadrant keep and maintain (hold and maintain). Strategies that can be applied to this position is a strategic market penetration and product development.


The online teaching-learning process mainly means the absence of physical interaction between teachers and students. In this context, the existence of the Web. 2.0-based technologies is expected to bridge the distance between teacher-student and student-student communication. Somehow, it will be a big problem if the teachers do not administer online learning well and appropriately. The facts show that online learning still faces some obstacles, such as the quality of the Internet connection and teacher-student and student-student interaction, including the media applied in the teaching-learning process. Thus, the present community service that involved 30 teachers of elementary schools aims at empowering the teachers with the ability to create interactive media. This activity covers briefing, lecture, demonstration, and workshop on interactive media, such as PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) with voice, Kahoot, and Padlet. The results demonstrate that teachers believe that interactive online learning is not as complicated as they thought and applied in the classrooms.


There is only one manipulation terminal for a flywheel in terms of the topology, which remains a potential bottleneck for its application in mechanical systems. This paper presents a two-terminal manipulation approach for the flywheel using the inverse screw transmission which yields the relative translation between two terminals resulting from the rotation of the flywheel. A dynamics model is accordingly put forward to describe both an ideal two-terminal mass and a non-ideal case including factors such as structure mass, friction, backlash and elastic effect. A prototype device is manufactured and subsequently characterized using a vibration rig to identify the model parameters. The results show that, in the commonly used frequency band, the effect of non-ideal factors is insignificant and thus the device can be regarded as an ideal two-terminal mass. However, the impact of the non-ideal factors should be taken into account in the other frequency ranges. The proposed two-terminal approach releases the ground terminal of the flywheel and has a great application potential in vibration control.


Moliere is a great French playwright who is known for his outstanding ability in writing classical comedy. He wrote and produced The Misanthrope. This play is a story about the main character, Alceste, who is the misanthrope or a man who hates mankind. This play shows Alceste?s rejection towards his society. Considering the topic, this thesis will discuss two things. First, what are Alceste?s character traits that make him reject his society and second, what are the effects of his rejection towards his society. To analyze this, I use literary approach using characterization and conflict as the tools. Alceste?s character traits, honesty and uncompromising attitude, make him reject his society. As a result, this kind of attitude brings him into consequences. He loses his lawsuit and money, he is ignored by his best friend, and the worst thing is that he loses the woman he loves and he lives in isolation. Finally, the conclusion of this thesis is an extreme principle of life that neglects other people will be a boomerang for the person who does not want to be more tolerant in his social life.


The purpose of this research is to describe the study of social capital as capital for madrasa in development of their institutions. Madrasa is an educational institution labeled as Islamic which initially did not immediately receive  public attention. Many attempts have been made to obtain the legality of recognition of its existence. In addition, madrasa are educational institutions that have a close image with community contributions in the sense that madrasa cannot be separated from society. This contribution is an important asset for the survival and existence of madrasa. Madrasa in its development involves the community as the center of the progress of the institution. This community contribution is a social capital that can improve the quality of madrasa through their role and support. In the study of social capital, there are three main elements, namely trust, value and network. The three of them are related to each other and form a bond as an asset in developing madrasa. Madrasa and communities establish close relationships as a strategic step in improving the quality of educational institutions. Therefore it is necessary to have a harmonious relationship between madrasa and society so that common goals can be achieved.


AkiDwa Akina Dada wa Africa (African Women's Organisation) ASC Africa Solidarity Centre / Africa Centre CBP Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration in the European Union D15 Dublin 15 Dáil Parliament, lower house DEIS Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools DICP Dublin Inner City Partnership DJELR Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform DWS The Developmental Welfare State ED electoral district ELS English Language Support ESRI Economic and Social Research Institute EU-10 The new 2004 European Union member states FAS Foras Áiseanna Saothair (Irish state employment training agency) Gardai Síochána Irish Police HRC Habitual Residence Condition ICI Immigrant Council of Ireland IoD Index of Dissimilarity MRCI Migrants Rights Centre Ireland NASC Cork immigrant support group NESC National Economic and Social Council NCCRI National Consultative Committee on Racism and Interculturalism Oireachtas Parliament, both houses PPS Personal Public Service number Taoiseach Prime Minister VRC Vincentian Refugee Centre WBCFN well-being of children, families and neighbourhoods


During the past several years, there has been much work by many persons on the development of a comprehensive bibliography of measurement research in theatre. Some assessment of the "state of the art" is a natural outgrowth of this activity. Such a report, familiar in many scientific disciplines, generally surveys the state of knowledge in an area, reporting what can safely be said on the basis of the scientific research in that area, with side-trips into such topics as promising developments for future study.


In this paper, the non-cavitating and cavitating flows in the AxWJ-2 axial water jet pump of Johns Hopkins University are simulated using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach. The non-cavitating simulations are performed on grids with different mesh resolutions and the effect of mesh resolution on predicting the performance and capturing the structure of Tip Leakage Vortex (TLV) is investigated. Based on this investigation, it can be concluded that the main feature of the non-cavitating TLV can be well captured compared with the experiment provided that a refinement region with at least 40 cells in tip gap is used. The cavitating simulation using the same grid refinement also shows that the cavitating structures described in the experiment are predicted by the simulation. Furthermore, the structure of non-cavitating and cavitating TLVs are compared and the effect of cavitation on the structure of TLV are analysed using the simulation results.


Superlattice thin films of pentacene (PEN) and tetracene (TET) were fabricated by alternate layer deposition using the sublimation method. The film showed a highly crystalline structure that was due to the strong aggregation tendency of polyacene compounds to form a layered monomolecular column structure. The crystalline structure of the films was drastically changed by doping with iodine. The doped films showed a highly ordered structure where an iodine monomelecular layer was intercalated between molecular columns of acene compounds in both PEN and TET. The doped films exhibited a large lateral conductivity of 10 Ω−1 cm−1 and attained giant anisotropy above 1012. This indicated that molecular columns of TET remained insulating upon doping to form a perfect two-dimensional conductor in the superlattice thin films.


The ablation process of copper foil with ultrashort laser pulses was simulated by the double-temperature equation(DTE),which was formatted simply.The ablation rate of the copper was attained on the basis of the simulation of the electronic and lattice's temperature.The simulation results show that the greater the laser fluence is,the longer the duration of ablation lasts and more material is ablated.The experimental results are accorded with the theoretical analysis.


This chapter illustrates how, despite the differences in political approach among the gente decente reformers, the greater contrast was between these liberals and the Magonistas who took liberal reform to the radical extreme of anarcho-syndicalism. Flores Magón and his Magonismo followers denounced abuses on both sides of the border long before others did, and their analysis of what was wrong was more far-reaching than the liberals'. However, while Magonismo theoretically supported feminist ideals, in practice the movement tended to subsume the plight of women within that of workers generally. To the extent that they romanticized women's traditional roles, Magonistas resembled the middle-class liberals they critiqued heavily.


The object of research is the thermal and technological characteristics of the production of meat pastes, namely, chicken meat and liver patties, as a delicious, nutritious (assimilated by 94 – 96 %) and at the same time low-calorie product. One of the most problematic places is the quality management of the process of designing functional food products, taking into account their intended purpose. The creation of meat products on the basis of the combination of meat and vegetable raw materials is one of the effective ways of solving the problem of balanced nutrition, regulation of properties and optimization of biological value of the finished product. The article presents the research of developed pest recipes for the naturally-appropriate health and prophylactic nutrition of high biological value. This gives an opportunity to expand the range of meat products, to enrich the daily ration with useful infusions and food fibers, which promote the health, efficiency and active creative longevity of man. During the study methods of organoleptic, physico-chemical, functional-technological and structural-mechanical research were used. To determine the optimal amount of the proposed ingredients, a study was made of their effect on the organoleptic and functional and technological parameters of the model combined systems. Components of new pastes and finished products undergo a different thermal (heat or refrigeration) treatment. The individual components of the minced meat are pre-cooled or frozen, others are cooked or blanched, the prepared minced meat is sterilized in tinplate, roasted in metallic forms or cooked in a vapor mixture or hot water. The finished product is cooled. The paper presents the results of the study of thermal load changes during the heat treatment of pieces of meat products. These data are obtained by direct measurement of the heat flux density by means of small-scale inertial heat measurements that do not interfere with the flow of the technological process. The results of the organoleptic evaluation of model products show their pleasant taste and aroma, uniform, delicate, greasy consistency. This makes it possible to recommend for mass production three developed formulations of the «Mushroom», «Spicy» and «Special» pastes.


s of research articles on the climate and climate change studies for the Mediterranean Region published in refereed journals during 2007 2015 S. O. Krichak, P. Alpert, K. Bassat, and P. Kunin The surface climatology of the eastern Mediterranean region obtained in a three-member ensemble climate change simulation experiment Adv. Geosci., 12, 67–80, 2007 www.adv-geosci.net/12/67/2007/ Abstract. Two configurations of RegCM3 regional climatemodel (RCM) have been used to downscale results of two atmosphere-ocean global climate model (AOGCM) simulations of the current (1961–1990) and future climates (2071– 2100) over the eastern Mediterranean (EM) region. The RCM domain covering the EM region from northern Africa to central part of Asia Minor with grid spacing of 50 km was used. Three sets of RCM simulations were completed. Results of the RCM experiment support earlier projections of a temperature (annual precipitation) increase (decrease) to the end of 21st century over the EM. The roles of several major factors in controlling uncertainty of the climate change estimates are evaluated. The main uncertainty factors appear to be associated with possible inadequacies in RCM description of the EM-climate-controlling developments over remotely located areas as well as those in the simulations of the global climate and its trends by the AOGCMs. Two configurations of RegCM3 regional climatemodel (RCM) have been used to downscale results of two atmosphere-ocean global climate model (AOGCM) simulations of the current (1961–1990) and future climates (2071– 2100) over the eastern Mediterranean (EM) region. The RCM domain covering the EM region from northern Africa to central part of Asia Minor with grid spacing of 50 km was used. Three sets of RCM simulations were completed. Results of the RCM experiment support earlier projections of a temperature (annual precipitation) increase (decrease) to the end of 21st century over the EM. The roles of several major factors in controlling uncertainty of the climate change estimates are evaluated. The main uncertainty factors appear to be associated with possible inadequacies in RCM description of the EM-climate-controlling developments over remotely located areas as well as those in the simulations of the global climate and its trends by the AOGCMs. Akio Kitoh, Akiyo Yatagai and Pinhas Alpert First super-high-resolution model projection that the ancient "Fertile Crescent" will disappear in this century, Hydrological Research Letters 2, 1-4 DOI: 10.3178/HRL.2.1, 2008. Abstract: The first full projections of rainfall and streamflow in the "Fertile Crescent" of Middle East are presented in this paper. Up until now, this has not been possible due to the lack of observed data and the lack of atmospheric models with sufficient resolution. An innovative super-high-resolution (20-km) global climate model is employed, which accurately reproduces the precipitation and the streamflow of the present-day Fertile Crescent. It is projected that, by the end of this century, the Fertile Crescent will lose its current shape and may disappear altogether. The annual discharge of the Euphrates River will decrease significantly (29-73%), as will the streamflow in the Jordan River. Thus countermeasures for water shortages will become much more difficult. The first full projections of rainfall and streamflow in the "Fertile Crescent" of Middle East are presented in this paper. Up until now, this has not been possible due to the lack of observed data and the lack of atmospheric models with sufficient resolution. An innovative super-high-resolution (20-km) global climate model is employed, which accurately reproduces the precipitation and the streamflow of the present-day Fertile Crescent. It is projected that, by the end of this century, the Fertile Crescent will lose its current shape and may disappear altogether. The annual discharge of the Euphrates River will decrease significantly (29-73%), as will the streamflow in the Jordan River. Thus countermeasures for water shortages will become much more difficult. Krichak SO, Alpert P, Kunin Projections of climate change over non-boreal east Europe during first half of twenty-first century according to results of a transient RCM experiment. In Regional aspects of climate-terrestrial-hydrologic interactions in non-boreal eastern Europe, [P.Ya. Groisman and S.V. Ivanov, eds], Springer, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, Series C: Environmental Security, pp.


A 49-year-old man presented to our hospital with dry mouth for 1 year, chilblain rash, mottled appearance of the skin of his hands and legs and a 4 week history of bilateral blurred vision. Funduscopic evaluation revealed intraand pre-retinal haemorrhages, retinal exudates and vascular sheathing (Fig. 1A). Fundus fluorescein angiography showed non-perfusion areas and extravascular leakage of the dye with blocking defect (Fig. 1B). Both anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies were positive, but ANA, anti-dsDNA antibodies and ANCA were negative. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was low and salivary scintigraphy demonstrated decreased uptake in his parotid glands. No signs of large vessel vasculitis or SLE were observed. Skin involvement in his legs worsened to form multiple ulcers (Fig. 1C). Skin biopsy revealed predominantly lymphocytic infiltration surrounding smallsized blood vessels, consistent with lymphocytic small vessel vasculitis (Fig. 1D). The patient was diagnosed with retinal and cutaneous vasculitis associated with primary SS [1]. He was treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation for retinal haemorrhages. Oral prednisolone 30 mg/ day was also initiated. Thereafter his retinal and cutaneous symptoms gradually improved. Retinal vasculitis in SS is rare and timely diagnosis and treatment may aid in avoiding blindness [2]. Acknowledgements


This study aims to analyze a phenomenal song entitled "Baby Shark" composed by the Pinkfong, a South Korean media startup. The song has become viral over children and adults alike. This research is undertaken to find out; the composer's attitudes, the social relation among the participants, and the context of the situation in the discourse. The object of the study is obtained from the whole lyrics. Then it is analyzed through Appraisals and Critical Discourse Analysis by connecting every single line to the intentional marketing and social context. Finally, the conclusion shows that "Baby Shark" is a song about local wisdom education in Korea. The composer implicitly admires the shark and uses it as metaphor of Korean people mindset. The composer intends to give his full support and persuades the listener about hard working culture in Korea


In the paper, we propose two algorithms for undistorted copy-move regions' (coincident rectangular fragments) detection on digital images. Both algorithms represent pixels' data as the hash function value, which is built using two different mathematical principles: probability-theoretical and number-theoretical. The comparison of the proposed algorithms, as well as recommendations for their use is also proposed in this paper.


Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA(Dated: August 30, 2011)We have measured the evolution of the tunneling density of states (DOS) in superconduc-tor/ferromagnet (S/F) bilayers with increasing F-layer thickness, where F in our experiment isthe strong ferromagnet Ni. As a function of increasing Ni thickness, we detect multiple oscillationsin the DOS at the Fermi energy from differential conductance measurements. The features in theDOS associated with the proximity effect change from normal to inverted twice as the Ni thicknessincreases from 1 to 5 nm.


Abstract. The ways cities grow and evolve spatially are crucial factors which affect urban aerosol pollution. Understanding the spatial distribution of air pollutants and their correlations with urban form is of great significance to the improvement of urban atmospheric environment and regional sustainable development of urbanization. In this study, we firstly examined the spatial variations of satellite-derived PM2.5 and NO2 and urban form metrics in Guangdong, and also explored their relationships. The results indicated that the highest and lowest values of PM2.5 and NO2 mainly occur over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, and over the eastern Guangdong, respectively. For the size and shape of urban patches, urban form had significant effects on air pollutants in Guangdong. PM2.5 was positively correlated with AREA_AM, CA and SHAPE_AM, and NO2 was positively correlated with LPI, PLAND and AREA_AM, while both of them were negatively related to PARA _AM and ENN_AM. It is inferred that polycentric urban form was associated with low PM2.5 and NO2 concentration, and reasonable urban planning would help mitigate the fine particle pollution.


This paper examines whether Amtrak and Auto-Train altered the demand for vacation travel to Florida by train. A profile of tourist arrivals by train reveals a downward trend until inception of effective Amtrak and Auto-Train service; the trend then reverses. A travel demand function is postulated to include income, price, and interaction dummies which allow for consequences of the trains. Because of multicollinearity, the equation is estimated by ridge regression, the results suggesting that the trains modified both income and price effects in the function. Likely implications of Amtrak and Auto-Train for Florida's leisure industries are considered.


In an earlier paper, I have tried to show that the political system of indirect rule was one cause of the economic backwardness of the princely states' relative to British India in 1931.2 Since Britain was the paramount power in India, it seems appropriate to ask whether its actions and policies to which the princely states had to conform could have been a factor. In this paper, I would like to examine British policy toward commerce and industry in the states and its possible effects on economic growth.3 3


Abstract : The report deals with a study of 36 people from six countries assembled for a special six-month rice production training course, an effort designed to produce agricultural technicians who would introduce the Institute's new high-yielding varieties of rice to the rural areas of their home countries. The research shows how a multinational group goes through a sequence of change in attitudes and behavior and how these changes introduce stresses both for the students and for the instructors.


Background Macrophages and Wnt proteins (Wnts) are independently involved in cardiac development, response to cardiac injury, and repair. However, the role of macrophage‐derived Wnts in the healing and repair of myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. We sought to determine the role of macrophage Wnts in infarct repair. Methods and Results We show that the Wnt pathway is activated after MI in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that isolated infarct macrophages express distinct Wnt pathway components and are a source of noncanonical Wnts after MI. To determine the effect of macrophage Wnts on cardiac repair, we evaluated mice lacking the essential Wnt transporter Wntless (Wls) in myeloid cells. Significantly, Wntless‐deficient macrophages presented a unique subset of M2‐like macrophages with anti‐inflammatory, reparative, and angiogenic properties. Serial echocardiography studies revealed that mice lacking macrophage Wnt secretion showed improved function and less remodeling 30 days after MI. Finally, mice lacking macrophage‐Wntless had increased vascularization near the infarct site compared with controls. Conclusions Macrophage‐derived Wnts are implicated in adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction after MI. Together, macrophage Wnts could be a new therapeutic target to improve infarct healing and repair.


Based on the Flory-Huggins theory,the binodal,spinodal and critical point equations for polymer-solvent-nonsolvent system are derived in detail.Some simple solving methods to the equations are given.According to these equations and methods,the phase separation curves of PPESK,PPES and PPEK-NMP-H2O ternary systems at 25 ℃ are obtained respectively.Comparing the calculated binodal with the experimental cloud point,the binary interaction parameter between solvent NMP and polymer PPES,PPEK or PPESK are adjusted.A general relation between the binary Flory-Huggins interaction parameters with temperature is proposed.Using this relation,based on the interaction parameters at 25 ℃,the phase diagram of PPES/PPEK/PPESK-NMP-H2O at 50 and 75 ℃ are obtained,the calculated binordal curves are fit well with the experimental cloud point.


THIS STUDY WHICH WAS LIMITED TO IN-HOUSE DATA AND THE AUTHOR'S PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE AREA. IT ASSESSES POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTS A PLAN OF STUDY TO DETERMINE THE CAPABILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF A MINING AREA FOR USE AS A SANITARY LAND FILL. SPECIAL EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON THE IMPACT OF SOLID-WASTE BURIAL ON GROUND-WATER QUALITY AT THE STRIP-MINE SITE. PRELIMINARY STUDIES INDICATE NO MAJOR GEOLOGIC ON HYDROLOGIC PROBLEMS THAT CANNOT BE ACCOMMODATED BY ADEQUATE ENGINEERING DESIGN AND OPERATION. ALTHOUGH THE BURIED WASTE WILL BE IN CONTACT WITH THE WATER TABLE, ROCK IN THE MINED OUT AREA IS OF LOW PERMEABILITY, AND MOVEMENT OF GROUND WATER SHOULD BE SLOW, THEREBY FACILITATING CONCENTRATION OF LEACHATE FROM THE BURIED WASTE IN DRAINS LEADING TO A PUMP AND WATER-TREATMENT PLANT. MATERIAL OF SUITABLE QUALITY IS AVAILABLE TO CONSTRUCT IMPERVIOUS, COMPACTED COVERS FOR THE VARIOUS LIFTS OF SOLID WASTE. THE ROCK UNDER THE BURIED SOLID WASTE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO BEAR THE WEIGHT OF THE WASTE, WHICH SHOULD BE NEAR THE SAME SPECIFIC GRAVITY AS THE STRIPPED COAL AND OVERBURDEN. THE GEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY, GROUND WATER, AND QUALITY OF THE WATER ARE DESCRIBED. THE SCHEDULE FOR THE MINING PROCEDURE WHICH INVOLVES REMOVING AND STOCKPILING OVERBURDEN MATERIAL FOLLOWED BY OPEN-PIT MINING OF THE COAL IS REVIEWED. SOME PROBLEMS THAT MAY BE ANTICIPATED, AND DATA NEEDS THAT MAY DEVELOP ARE REVIEWED. THESE INCLUDE PROBLEMS RELATED TO GROUND WATER AT THE BURIAL SITE., RESERVOIR BOUNDARIES AND PARAMETERS, CHANNELING OF SURFACE WATER, MONITORING OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BOTH GROUND AND SURFACE WATER, AND GAS GENERATION.


Aceh Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh—JKA) has been implemented since 2010 to increase the health equity by covering the health expenses and guaranteeing that all Acehnese are covered regardless of their economic, educational, and social statuses. However, since its implementation, there has been no study on its impact on health quality, particularly regarding the utilization of the main referral hospital (Dr Zainoel Abidin Hospital located in Banda Aceh) and the effects of the geographic accessibility and the number of specialist doctors in each regency/city on hospital utilization. This retrospective study assessed the equity factors during the Aceh Health Insurance implementation and during its integration to National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional—JKN) from 2013 to 2021 using data of travel time (time spent for travelling from the origin regency/city of referred patients to the main referral center) and healthcare resources (number of specialist doctors). The data were analyzed using Student's t-tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Mann-Whitney U test when appropriate. Williamson Index was calculated to determine the disparities of health equity between regencies. Our data indicated the noticeably increase of health facilities utilization since the implantation of Aceh Health Insurance. However, there was no equity in the use of main referral facility by the residents in Aceh - was dominated by residents who lived closer and from more populated regencies/cities. In conclusion, there are accessibility and financial hardship barriers in accessing the health care facilities during the implementation of Aceh Health Insurance that need to be addressed by the government to achieve the health equity for all Acehnese.


Within the Standard model with the 4th generation quarks b and t we have analyzed CPviolating flavor changing neutral current processes t → cX, b → sX, b → bX, t → cX, and t → tX, with X = Z,H, γ, g, by constructing and employing global, unique fit for the 4th generation mass mixing matrix CKM4 at 300 ≤ mt′ ≤ 700 GeV. All quantities appearing in the CKM4 were subject to our fitting procedure. We have found that our fit produces the following CP partial rate asymmetry dominance: aCP (b ′ → s (Z,H, γ, g)) = (90, 73, 52, 30)%, at mt′ ≃ 300, 300, 380, 400 GeV, respectively. From the experimental point of view the best decay mode, out of the above four, is certainly b → s γ, because of the presence of a clean high energy single final state photon. We have also obtained relatively large aCP (t→ cg) ≃ 15(10)% for t running in the loops with the mass mt′ = 650(500) GeV. There are fair chances that the 4th generation quarks will be discovered at Tevatron or LHC and that some of their decay rates shall be measured. If b and t exist at energies we assumed, with well executed tagging, large aCP could be found too. firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com


The microstrip circuits are analyzed using the Gaussian Green's function method (GGF) together with network analysis method. The main advantage of the GGF lies in its precision as well as rapid convergence. The multiport network analysis of microstrip circuits can effectively reduce the complexity of the modeling. A novel method is derived by combining of the multiport network analysis and GGF. To demonstrate the versatility of this method, the current distribution of two microstrip filter circuits is achieved by this method. The results are compared with the results of the commercial full-wave software of Ansoft Designer. It is shown that this method is much more accurate and valid.


The structure of the phase boundary between degenerate and nondegenerate regions in Ashtekar's gravity has been recently studied by Bengtsson and Jacobson who conjectured that the phase boundary should be always null. In this paper, we reformulate the reparametrization procedure in the mapping language and distinguish a phase boundary ∂M1 from its image φ[∂M1]. It is shown that φ[∂M1] has to be null, while the nullness of ∂M1 requires some more suitable criterion. PACS Numbers: 0420C, 0420F, 0460


At the National University of Loja, we believe that the implementation of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) data network in the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet is essential for the openness of the Internet, either by the result of an investigation or updates.

This project describes the characteristics of the new IPv6 Internet protocol, we performed the analysis and data network to IPv6 transition mechanisms. Following the design of IPv6 addressing, installation procedure and configuration of Internet services in a development environment. He carried out the implementation phase in production servers, and finally to the validation tests of IPv6 throughout the campus.

IPv6 is growing, which will allow innovation and continued growth of the Internet, for that reason this project proposes a process for implementing the transitional mechanism using double - stack (IPv4 and IPv6) for Internet services that are production in a state of the institution.

The implementation of this thesis project was carried out with tools Free and Open Source Software as server-based system was used GNU / Linux Centos. The free use of these tools does not involve licensing fees for use, they also allow adaptability to the university environment and especially technological independence.


The author develops a position controller for permanent magnet brushless DC motors (PMBDCMs) which systematically determines control laws for operation in both the transient and steady-state with consideration of reluctance force. The controller design is based on a differential geometric approach which assists the motor in overcoming its inherent deficiencies, such as effects of torque ripples and reluctance torque. This is achieved by transforming the nonlinear state equations into an exact linear model. Computer simulations of the resulting closed-loop system were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control laws. Simulation results of the control variables were injected into the actual nonlinear system in an experimental open-loop setup to validate the design procedure. >


Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Currently available data show mixed results as to whether emotional resonance is stronger for words expressed in the mother tongue (L1) compared to a second language, acquired later in life (L2). One reason for these discrepancies could be differential effects of individuals' L2 learning history. We introduce an experimental paradigm that is sufficiently robust for testing outside the laboratory to reach a more diverse population. We illustrate this paradigm using 24 well-characterized Russian (L1)–German (L2) bilingual migrants. Design/methodology/approach: The paradigm consists of displaying an array of random letters that may contain a word, which participants must identify. Stimuli are displayed until response and the proportion of correct identification is used as dependent measure. Performance for neutral words is contrasted to swear or taboo words. Data and analysis: The interplay between language and word type is assessed with a 2 × 2 within subjects ANOVA. Findings/conclusions: At the group level, a swear or taboo word superiority in L1 and its absence in L2 is observed. At the individual level, however, the data show a clear divide depending on the age of arrival at the L2 country. Participants who arrived after mid-adolescence show a clear language effect. By contrast, individuals who arrived earlier, present a swear or taboo word superiority in either L1, L2, or in both languages. The age of arrival should therefore be regarded as a critical variable and averaging over bilinguals with different ages of arrival can distort the results depending on the relative size of the respective groups. Originality: The representativeness of test subjects is constrained by the availability of participants at the testing site. Testing outside the laboratory, at home or online, allows reaching larger and/or target populations. Significance/implications: By removing constraints on the availability of bilingual participants, our paradigm enables refined insights into how emotion shapes language processing.


Group B streptococcus (GBS), is one of bacterial pathogen responsible for serious infection in neonatal population, that present as septicemia and meningitis. The study assessed the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. A total of 133 pregnant women were recruited for the study, with lower vagina swab collected and examined using standard bacteriological procedures. Of the 133 lower vaginal swabs examined, 13(9.8%) yielded positive culture result for GBS isolates. Age-group-wise distribution of GBS positive isolates 5(3.8%) were within 20-29years, 4(3.0) 40-49 years, and 1(0.8) 10-19years (p<0.05). Demographic characteristic of pregnant women with positive GBS culture, 9(6.8%) with tertiary education, 7(5.3%) were housewives, and majority were multiparious and in the third trimester stage. Previous clinical signs and symptoms, 6(4.5%) isolates were from pregnant women who once had infant with neonatal septicemic case and 7(5.3%) previous preterm labour. Statistical significance difference was observed in both demographic variables assessed (p<0.05).In conclusion, the GBS colonization prevalence of 9.8% might be considered high, which signifies needs for awareness among pregnant women seen at the antenatal clinic. Therefore, this GBS level might necessitate the needs for adoption of routine GBS screening procedure of all pregnant attending antenatal clinic.


Face detection and recognition is one of the most challenging problems in the field of image processing. One of the recent techniques in face recognition is by the sparse representation. In this paper, combination of Sparse and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) are used. In the first stage dimensionality reduction is done to reduce the amount of random variables and the features are extracted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The extracted features are classified using Sparse Representation via l1minimization. For better invariance to illumination and expression changes, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature is also extracted to represent face images.This method offer the better recognition performance when compared to the existing methods. The proposed face recognition method is evaluated on the standard ORL data base and yields very impressive results.


At the boundary layer's separation point, the mean of the shear stress drops to a small value while its fluctuation increases dramatically. Based on the thermal method, we can fabricate a MEMS-based shear stress sensor array to bend with the curved surface, which can measure the shear stress profile of the boundary layer. This paper presents two methods, mean and RMS of the shear stress difference max value and the second order of the array signals difference algorithm, to calculate the location of the flow separation point. Through combination of the two methods and analyzing the 2D circular column CFD simulation data, the position of the separation point can be determined accurately.


The anion of edta formed complexes with monomeric and oligomeric species of chromium(III), whereas no reaction was observed with polymeric hydroxy forms in aqueous solutions of Cr(NO3)3 and CrCl3. A procedure is described to distinguish monomeric plus oligomeric from polymeric forms of chromium(III) in aqueous solutions by determining the CrIII-edta complex spectrophoto- metrically at 546 nm.


The effects of floc properties (size and structure) on specific cake resistance and compressibility of cakes formed by dead-end MF were investigated. Hematite particles of primary size 70 nm were flocculated in the presence of KCl and stirring and the resultant flocs were characterized in terms of floc size and fractal dimension. The results showed that larger flocs (ca 40 μm diameter) produced filter cakes of lower specific resistances and floc structural effects were more significant for smaller floc (ca 10 μm), with higher specific resistance for cakes formed from more compact flocs. These observations are explained by the balance of inter- and intra-floc flow and are in accord with a modified Carman-Kozeny relationship, which incorporates fractal dimension. Cake compressibility is strongly related to transmembrane pressure (TMP) particularly for smaller floc sizes. At low TMP (<10 kPa) the estimated cake-averaged porosity is almost independent of floc size but at raised TMP (>60 kPa) the porosity is strongly size dependent with higher porosities for larger floc. For the smaller flocs, cakes formed from the less compact floc (smaller fractal dimension) show greater tendency to compression.


This paper argues that the recent decline in the hegemony of the centre-left in Greece is related to the ideas of modernization that have dominated that tradition over the past few years. The tendency to conceptualize development in terms of a clash between the "new" and the "old", to ignore the extent to which neoliberalism involves a strategy for the restoration of power for dominant groups, and to see marginalized groups merely as a problem to be overcome, rather than part of any solution, has impaired the centre-left's ability to understand its own decline and to think constructively about alternatives.


In light of the practical construction of Wuhan Power SCADA System,the article analyses and investigates the secure interconnection strategy about the power SCADA real-time system and other systems,which mainly consist of MIS system.Emphasizing the importance of attack watching for key real-time system in the power systems the guard measures are put forward in detail as well.The measure has been found practical use and good result in Wuhan Power Dispatching and Communication Bureau.


Increasing hardwood growing stock volume in the eastern United States from the 1950s to the 1990s was led by increases in poletimber volume. In the current century, volumetric growth has become concentrated in larger trees at least 17 in. dbh (≥17 in.). In the Central Hardwood region, the volume of such trees now exceeds poletimber volume by 75%. In this paper, we examine proportional and cubic volume increases of trees ≥17 in. across major species groups in the Central Hardwood region. In 2012, at least 40% of the volume of select white and red oaks, other red oaks, and yellow-poplar was in trees ≥17 in. While hard maple and hickory had less than 25% of their volume in this size class. In the short run, these changes will benefit hardwood industries because larger trees are more economical to harvest and process. In the long run, there could be challenges as larger-diameter trees are harvested or die without a similar timber base emerging in their absence.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical status of patients with heart failure in our hospital in 10 years.Methods:All patients were admitted in hospital in 1988~1990 year(as A groups) and in 2000~2002 year(as B groups).Results:①A total of 645 patients with heart failure were enrolled. The majority were males (n=371) and the average age was 65.4± 18.3~ 67.2± 12.5 (years). ②The courses of heart failure in A groups and in B groups were ( 95.6± 77.3) months and ( 58.3± 63.2) months (P 0.01), respectively, and in-hospital durations were ( 30.5± 32.5) days and ( 20.8± 24.6) day (P 0.01), with the trend of decreasing. ③Common causes of heart failure were coronary heart disease ,rheumatic valvular heart disease and hypertension, but the rate of coronary heart disease rose from A to B (P 0.01), respectively .Meanwhile, the rate of rheumatic valvular heart disease fell from 30.6% to 16.2%(P 0.01). ④The diuretics, nitride and digitali still dominate the drug therapy in hospital in 2 groups, but the rate of administration of β-blocker and angiotensin cenversion enzyme inhibito (ACEI) ware in increased from 8.8% and 24.1% in A group to 21.1% and 60.9% in B group respectively (P 0.01). ⑤The heart failure were obviously corrected during hospitization ,the improvement rate being 19.9%( in A group) and 23.3%( in B group) (P 0.05), respectively, while the mortality was significantly decreased( 12.4%∶ 6.3%, P 0.05).Conclusion:The primary disease causing heart failure in hospitization patients shifted from the rheumatic valvular heart disease to coronary heart disease, and the conventional drugs (digitalic, diuretic) still dominate the medical therapy for the heart failure patients, but β-blocker and ACEI increased significantly, hospitization mortality significantly decreased in the latter 10 years.


Objective To optimize the condition of head space-solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME) to establish the gas chromatography fingerprint of Magnolia.Methods HS-SPME was used as a clean-up and preconcentration procedure for the direct extraction of volatile compounds in Magnolia.Results The optimum HS-SPME was achieved by using PDMS/DVB fiber over powdered sample at 80℃ for 50 min.The method was repeatable,stable.Conclusion The method is simple,less sample-demanding,no pollution and can be used in the research on fingerprint of volatile compounds in Magnolia.


Microbiology parameter is one important factor for the success of green mussels culture. Characteristic of green mussels as the filter feeder might be contaminated easily by the diluted toxin as well as the carrier of pathogens. This research aims to find out the amount of contamination of pathogenic bacteria. Samples of water and the green mussels were taken from the waters of Tanjung Kait, Tangerang, Banten and were then identified in the Laboratory of Fish Diseases Investigation and Environment in Pasauran, Serang. Analysed bacteriological parameters were total Coliform, as well as the species of E coli, Salmonella sp., a total of aerobic bacteria and Vibrio. The result of seawater quality and Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Volume 9 Nomor 2 : 194 – 201. Desember 2019 195 Mustahal et al. green mussel showed that the total abundance of Coliform cell was lower than <3 until 240 MPN/ml in water and about 8,3 until >1600 MPN/g in green mussel, E. coli was < 3 until 43 MPM/ml in water and 0,18 until 130 MPM/g in green mussel, negative result for Salmonella sp. neither in water nor in green mussels. Total aerobic bacteria was found about 34-880 x10 CFU/ml in water, 24-980 x10 CFU/ml in the sediment and 12-100 x10 CFU/ml in green mussel. The result of Vibrio in water was about 50-340 CFU/ml, 4,4-88 x10 2 CFU/g in sediment and 0,082-25 x10 4 CFU/ml in the green mussels. Salmonella was found the negative test results in accordance with predefined standards, both with the seawater quality standard based on biological parameters and SNI 73882009 regarding the limit of microbial contamination of foods, while for other pathogenic bacteria parameters still above the predefined standard.


Objective To investigate the effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on Surgical patients with septic shock. Methods Fluid therapy were used for treatment of 60 surgical ICU patients with septic shock,30 cases were treated with carbohydrate -electrolyte solution and another 30 cases were treated with compound electrolyte and glucose injection. The vital signs,blood electrolyte,serum glucose and other adverse reaction were recorded during infusion periods. Results There no significant indictors of vital signs,blood electrolyte,creatinine,urea,liver function and mortality were observed between two groups(P0.05). It was found that the level of serum glucose in treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05). Conclusions Carbohydrate-electrolyte solution can be used for treatment of surgical ICU patients with septic shock.


We show that the next difference equations system x_{n+1}=((a_{n}x_{n-k+1}y_{n-k})/(y_{n}-α_{n}))+β_{n+1}, y_{n+1}=((b_{n}y_{n-k+1}x_{n-k})/(x_{n}-β_{n}))+α_{n+1}, n∈N₀, where N₀=N∪{0}, the sequences (a_{n})_{n∈N₀}, (b_{n})_{n∈N₀}, (α_{n})_{n∈N₀}, (β_{n})_{n∈N₀} are two periodic and the initial conditions x_{-i}, y_{-i}  i∈{0,1,…,k}, are non-zero real numbers, can be solved. Also, we investigate the behavior of solutions of above mentioned system when a₀=b₁ and a₁=b₀.


Tests were performed on FEPET, Inc. carbon thin film cathodes to characterize lifetime, resistance to environmental conditions, and performance stability. The cathodes were found to exhibit half lifetimes on the order of 7000 h in sealed glass envelopes. Operation in oxygen and water were found to degrade the cathode performance severely. Xenon had no effect on the cathode lifetime or stability, demonstrating its resistance to ion sputtering. During characterization in vacuum systems, initial turn on was quick and stable. Carbon thin films are suitable cathode materials for display, microelectronic, and ion propulsion uses.


.........................................................................................................................................................
  2 TABLE
  OF
  FIGURES
  .........................................................................................................................................
  5 1.
   INTRODUCTION
  ......................................................................................................................................
  6 1.1
   BACKGROUND
  ..........................................................................................................................................................
  6 1.2
   PROBLEM
  DISCUSSION
  ............................................................................................................................................
  6 1.3
   RESEARCH
  QUESTION
  .............................................................................................................................................
  8 1.4
   PURPOSE
  ...................................................................................................................................................................
  8 1.5
   LIMITATIONS
  ............................................................................................................................................................
  9 1.6
   KEY
  CONCEPTS
  AND
  DEFINITIONS
  ........................................................................................................................
  9 2.
   THEORETICAL
  FRAMEWORK
  ..........................................................................................................
  11 2.1
   GOAL
  ORIENTATION
  .............................................................................................................................................
  11 2.2
   FEEDBACK
  ..............................................................................................................................................................
  12 2.2.1
   Feedback
  matrix
  ...........................................................................................................................................
  13 2.2.2
   Form
  of
  Feedback
  .........................................................................................................................................
  13 2.3
   PERCEIVED
  PERFORMANCE
  IN
  RELATION
  TO
  FEEDBACK
  AND
  GOAL
  ORIENTATION
  .................................
  14 2.4
   THEORETICAL
  MODEL
  .........................................................................................................................................
  15 2.5
   GOAL
  ORIENTATION,
  REGULAR
  SUPERVISORY
  FEEDBACK,
  AND
  PERCEIVED
  PERFORMANCE
  ..................
  16 2.5.1
   Learning
  orientation,
  feedback,
  and
  perceived
  performance
  ..................................................
  17 2.5.2
   Performance-‐prove
  orientation,
  feedback,
  and
  perceived
  performance
  .............................
  18 2.5.3
   Performance-‐avoid
  goal
  orientation
  and
  feedback
  ......................................................................
  20 3.
   RESEARCH
  METHOD
  AND
  DESIGN
  .................................................................................................
  21 3.1
   OVERALL
  RESEARCH
  DESIGN
  ..............................................................................................................................
  21 3.2
   DATA
  COLLECTION
  ...............................................................................................................................................
  21 3.2.1
   Secondary
  research
  .....................................................................................................................................
  21 3.2.2
   Primary
  research
  ..........................................................................................................................................
  22 3.3
   METHOD
  FOR
  DATA
  ANALYSIS
  ...........................................................................................................................
  23 3.3.1
   Quantitative
  ....................................................................................................................................................
  23 3.3.2
   Qualitative
  .......................................................................................................................................................
  24 3.4
   REFLECTION
  OF
  METHOD
  CHOICES
  ...................................................................................................................
  24 4.
   PRESENTATION
  OF
  RESULTS
  ...........................................................................................................
  25 4.1
   GOAL
  ORIENTATION
  .............................................................................................................................................
  25 4.2
   FEEDBACK
  ..............................................................................................................................................................
  25 4.3
   PERCEIVED
  PERFORMANCE
  ................................................................................................................................
  26 5.
   ANALYSIS
  AND
  DISCUSSION
  .............................................................................................................
  28 5.1
   LEARNING
  GOAL
  ORIENTATION,
  FEEDBACK,
  AND
  PERCEIVED
  PERFORMANCE
  ..........................................
  28 5.2
   PERFORMANCE-‐AVOID
  GOAL
  ORIENTATION,
  FEEDBACK,
  AND
  PERCEIVED
  PERFORMANCE
  ....................
  30 5.3
   REASONS
  FOR
  PERCEIVED
  USEFULNESS
  OF
  FEEDBACK
  TOWARDS
  PERFORMANCE
  ..................................
  31 6.
   CONCLUSION
  AND
  IMPLICATIONS
  .................................................................................................
  33 6.1
   CONCLUSIONS
  ........................................................................................................................................................
  33 6.2
   IMPLICATIONS
  FOR
  FUTURE
  RESEARCH
  ............................................................................................................
  34 6.3
   PRACTICAL
  IMPLICATIONS
  ..................................................................................................................................
  35 BIBLIOGRAPHY
  .............................................................................................................................................
  37 APPENDIX
  .......................................................................................................................................................
  41 A.
   INTERVIEWS
  ROUND
  1
  ...........................................................................................................................................
  41 B.
   INTERVIEWS
  ROUND
  2
  ...........................................................................................................................................
  48


Agricultural soil was inoculated in a basal mineral medium (BMM) containing methyl parathion (MP) with glucose (0.5 mg/ml) and without glucose. Mixed bacterial cultures and four pure bacterial cultures, isolated from soil, were able to degrade MP (50 µg/ml) in BMM. Bacillus sp. and two unknowns, isolated from the mixed culture in the BMM with glucose, were able to degrade only the commercial grade MP in the BMM with glucose, but were able to degrade the analytical grade MP in the BMM without glucose. Burkholderia cepacia was the best MP-degrading bacterium. It was isolated from the mixed culture in the BMM without glucose. The bacterium was able to grow in the BMM at all pH ranges (pH 4-pH8) and salinity levels (0-3.5% NaCl). The addition of glucose (0.5 mg/ml) did not enhance the MP-degrading ability of Burkholderia cepacia. Burkholderia cepacia at 6x10 7 cells/ml degraded MP at 50, 100, and 150 µg/ml in standard BMM rapidly (t1/2 = 0.55, 0.58, and 0.87 hour). Furthermore, p-nitrophenol (PNP), a hydrolysis product of MP, was completely degraded by Burkholderia cepacia. MP and PNP were carbon sources for growth of Burkholderia cepacia.


From 1984 through 1986 we performed 54 arthroscopic meniscal repairs on patients with anterior cruciate ligament-stable knees. We evaluated the repair results of 52 of these patients at an average followup of 7.5 years. In 40 patients the meniscal repairs had not failed and these patients were examined clinically and radio- graphically ; in 25 cases, magnetic resonance imaging was also performed. Significantly more failures (P ≤ 0.05) occurred when the rim width of the tear was greater than 3 mm and when the tear was repaired with resorbable sutures. Conversely, the following factors were found to favorably influence meniscal healing (P > 0.05): time from injury to surgery less than 8 weeks, patient age less than 30 years, tear length less than 2.5 cm, and tear in the lateral meniscus. The overall failure rate after 7.5 years was 27% (14 of 52); 64% (9 of 14) of the failures occurred in the first 6 months after repair. The clinical and radiographic evaluation of the success fully repaired knees showed that 90% (36 of 40) had normal knee function; the remaining 10% (4 patients) had nearly normal knee function. Magnetic resonance imaging, however, showed a persisting grade 3 or 4 lesion in 96% (24 of 25) of the successfully repaired menisci and is therefore not reliable in assessing me niscal healing.