Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically examine, theoretically and empirically, the two time orientation dimensions – long‐term orientation (LTO) and future orientation (FO) – in the national culture models of Hofstede and GLOBE, respectively.Design/methodology/approach – Following Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's past‐present‐future theoretical lens, the Hofstede LTO and GLOBE FO measures are analysed to understand the conceptual domain covered by these two dimensions. Next, the authors empirically examine the relationship of Hofstede LTO and GLOBE FO with secondary data from Hofstede, GLOBE, and the World Values Survey.Findings – This paper shows that Hofstede LTO and GLOBE FO dimensions capture different aspects of time orientation of societies. In particular, Hofstede LTO focuses on past (tradition) versus future (thrift) aspect of societies, GLOBE FO practices capture the present versus future (planning) practices of societies, and GLOBE FO values reflect societal aspirations and preferences f...


Abstract : An earlier study by NRL found that the 15 long ton Navy insulator link, as manufactured in accordance with MIL-L-24410 (SHIPS), was not 'fail-safe' at crane loads of six times the rated load. This report presents results on breaking loads for a series of modified Navy links. Recommendations are presented to either change the present MIL SPEC to achieve fail-safe design or to abandon the redundant band concept and increase the safety factor on crane insulator links. (Author)


Objective To explore the effect of applying problem-based learning (PBL) combined with ' pre-resident physician' teaching model in clinical practice in the nephrology department.Methods Sixty students in clinical practice were divided into two groups:experimental group and control group.The students in experimental group were received PBL in combination with 'pre-resident physician' teaching model while those in control group were received traditional teaching model.The effect was evaluated according to the results of theoretic examination and investigation.The results were analyzed by x2 test and P < 0.05 signified statistically significant.Results The average score of theoretic examination in experimental group was 80.22 while that in control group was 76.53.The students in experimental group had significant higher score than those in control group (P < 0.05 ).The overall satisfaction degree was 93.00% in experimental group concerning the 8 indicators in PBL combined 'pre-resident physician' teaching model,while that was 73.75 % in control group concerning the 8 indicators in traditional teaching mode.Concerning the aspects of teaching flexibility,arousing learning interest,training literature capacity and improving ability of independent problem solving,the satisfaction degree was higher in experimental group than in control group (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion PBL in combination with ' pre-resident physician' teaching model has evident advantages in clinical practice in nephrology department.

Key words:
Problem-based learning; Pre-resident physician; Clinical practice


Ahterosclerosis of vessels of the lower extremities is widely distributed in the population. Open surgical revascularization is an efficient method for treatment of this pathology. One of the rare postoperative complications is an anastomosis aneurysm development. We report about a clinical case of a 74-year-old male with a giant (25 cm in diameter) aneurysm of the proximal anastomosis after femoropopliteal bypass. Open aneurysmectomy was performed, and the postoperative period was uneventful.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Good morning! What an honor it is for me to have been selected to speak to this group of honorees and colleagues this morning. As I look out into the audience, I see some of my former students at all levels--undergraduate through doctorate. I also see people with whom I have worked over the years, including former colleagues and current colleagues. I would particularly like to recognize my friends from Finland, Mikko and Matti. I also see some people who have the goods on me--and others on whom I have the goods. Most important, I am very pleased to share the moment with those who are being honored this morning, those upon whom the future of our profession rests. When some of my friends learned that I was going to deliver this speech, they kidded about whether it was going to be my "swan song" since I am clearly now a senior member of this great profession. Growing up in Montana where I knew few swans, I decided to check out what this means--after pretending that I already knew. The use of the term is in reference to an ancient belief that the Mute Swan is completely mute during its lifetime, except for singing a single, heartbreakingly beautiful song just before it dies. Trust me, this is not my swan song because I have never been very mute and I am incapable of singing at all, except for a few unmentionable occasions. However, if I do start singing, please call 911! The Spirit of Excellence ... this typified Donald Maley in all that he did. But what does excellence mean? I reviewed a number of resources on the subject such as Peters and Waterman's, In Search of Excellence, in which they identified a number of companies that were exemplary. I also looked at C. P. Snow's work, Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution. I listened more intently to sermons on Sundays. I also reviewed Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Dilbert comic strips, and some back issues of Mad Magazine. In other words, I turned over a lot of rocks in search of the message I wanted to share with you this morning. I found little under those rocks that seemed to fit the occasion just right, so what I want to share with you are basically reflections on our profession and my life in it. The root of the word "excellence" comes from the Latin and means to rise above. So, does excellence mean to do better than others? Does it mean that we should aspire to be better teachers than our colleagues in other subject areas? Does it mean to work harder? Does it mean to work smarter? To tell others about the good work we do? To respect the work of others? To value diversity? Excellence means all these things and more. Excellence is not a goal that is ever reached; it is an ongoing process. In fact, nearly one-third of the exemplary companies cited in the In Search of Excellence book were in financial trouble five years after the book was printed. Exemplifying excellence as a process, our own ITEA President Andy Stephenson includes the quote, "If better is possible, then good is not enough," in the byline of his correspondence. As individuals, we cannot excel in all that we do. Some of us are excellent teachers, while others are good or average. Some of us excel in political action, while others dislike that sort of activity. Some of us know how to toot our own horns, while others are too humble to do so, even to a fault. Excellence in our profession comes as a result of the collective work of us all, applying our unique talents and abilities for the benefit of the whole, including the people we serve. So the breadth of excellence is indeed vast, and it can never be fully reached. Permit me, then, to focus on just a few aspects of excellence about which I feel passionate. That word passionate--it is a good word for what I want to say this morning for it clearly implies human feelings. It is a word that was apparent in what I have read and observed about excellence. One could argue that for us to excel, it is a necessary precondition to be passionate about what we are doing. …


Have been studied structures and dielectric properties of nanocomposites on the basis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and PbS (HDPE+PbS). By atomic force microscopy method was found that PbS nanoparticles strongly change the morphology of polyethylene and as a result occurs the refinement of surface structural elements. The declining of permittivity  and dielectric loss tangent tgδ of nanocomposite with frequency rise is explained with decelerating of dipoles and decreasing of particles number, participating in polarization, i.e. with deterioration of polarization process. Has been observed the strongly pronounced PTCR effect for nanocomposites on the basis HDPE+0.005M PbS.


The various transport processes that contribute to human endurance performance, such as oxygen intake, elimination of carbon dioxide, lactate and heat, and the delivery of metabolic fuels, can all be represented by conductance analogues. The use of such models is helpful in identifying bottlenecks within each of these systems, and in comparing parallel systems such as the intake of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide. However, in order to make the models manageable, many simplifications are necessary, and corresponding caution is needed in drawing inferences from conductance analogues.


large, examples of interest group strategies are simply presented illustratively, without being used to compare the countries systematically. Chapter 10, on representing constituency opinion, starts with a discussion of the party responsibility argument, on the grounds that the responsible parties model is a model of representation alternative to the congressional model. In the process of attacking the question in this fashion, a much interesting literature on representation (e.g., Dexter, Fiorina, Mayhew, and other works) is unfortunately either drastically downplayed or ignored. I happen to agree with the authors' conclusions, that particularly the U.S. House of Representatives is quite representative of constituency opinion, and that minorities have a voice in the Congress greater than their simple demographic presence would indicate. But in this section, one of the primary attempts in the book at original data analysis, their methodology is highly problematic. Measures of the public's self-identification (liberal or conservative) are related to an ADA-ACA congressional index without convincing evidence that the two dimensions are comparable; legislative "liberals" are defined as those having a higher ADA than ACA score and vice versa, which lumps 55-45 liberals together with 95-5 liberals; and central indexes in the analysis are suspect because of arbitrary weights attached to the raw values.


Learning from examples is to obtain a general rule through induction from a given set of positive and negative examples of a concept, which may describe all the positive examples, and reject all the negative examples of that concept. According to the extension matrix theory, to discover the equations which satisfy all positive examples on the background of negative examples may be considered as to find a path within the matrix of negative examples. In order to deal with the multi class problems with overlay, an improved extension matrix algorithm has been proposed in this paper. The heuristic search based on average entropy has been used to get the approximate solutions of the shortest equation. The potential function is used to estimate the probability density function of the overlay area between positive and negative examples, so that the non linear interfaces of the interclass areas may be obtained. The improved algorithms have been applied to handwritten Chinese character recognition and its effectiveness has been proved through comparison study and analysis.


Diacyclops languidus (Sars, 1863), a cyclopoid copepod previously unrecorded in North America, was found during a survey of Crustacea occurring in temporary aquatic pools which support populations ...


Professor McKusick suggests that it might be useful to have a statement on scholarly reaction to the "cryptopuzzle" theory of Alf Mong& and Ole Landsverk, by which they attempt to validate "runic" inscriptions in North America and Latin text on the so-called Vinland Map. The importance of that to your journal may lie in the fact that Professor Gordon has wholeheartedly accepted their findings and in turn applied them toward validating the Paraiba inscription. Physical science has now established that the Vinland Map cannot be older than about 1920. That in itself would invalidate the cryptogram reasoning, if it had not already collapsed from its own absurdity. Every runologist, every competent philologist specializing in Scandinavian in North America, England, France, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries, agrees that the Kensington inscription is a modern hoax, and one of the hoaxsters has confessed. The inscriptions on three small stones at Spirit Pond, Maine, have been utilized by Landsverk, Gordon, and their followers in a further attempt to document their assertions. Professor Einar Haugen of Harvard has explicated in meticulous detail what should immediately be obvious to anyone who can make out runes: the characters-despite an ostensible 350 years separating the two self-dated messages (10111362)-are patently derived from Kensington. In fact, two of the runes at Spirit Pond and Kensington are found nowhere else in the world. Many of the words in the Spirit Pond message are anachronistically modern. One example will suffice: sailing-ship. Though the carving purports to be Old Icelandic, that language had no word, and needed none, for a ship with sails. What other kind of ship was there? The Spirit Pond inscriptions use modern dating and mathematics. They are inscribed along with a map of the area-labeled Vinland-that shows the area as it appears today, not a millennium ago when the topography was different. There are many other features based on modern discussions of the Vinland sagas and the Kensington stone. In addition, thereare pornographic features. Most amusing of all is the fact that the message was scrambled in order to give the appearance of a crYptogram. My guess is that this is a fraternity house joke, a satire on the would-be cryptographers. The negative verdict is not purely a product of linguistic reasoning. The theory launched by Landsverk et al. is completely rejected bydistinguished archeologists, historians, and cryptography experts. The theory has no consistency whatever, being totally arbitrary. And is it not staggering that a "system" claimed to apply to medieval Norse should equally apply to ancient Phoenician? Those who make such equations are, to put it charitably, rather far removed from real life.


The growth of SiC films on Si by reaction with tetraethyl silane (SiEt4) has been studied using Auger and electron energy‐loss spectroscopies, low‐energy electron diffraction, and external‐reflection infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). IRRAS is used to monitor the chemisorption of the reagent molecule on polycrystalline Si at substrate temperatures below the point where complete dissociation occurs. The electron techniques are used to characterize the structure and composition of SixC1−x (0≤x≤1) layers formed on Si(100) at higher temperatures during dosing with SiEt4. Near room temperature, IRRAS data indicate adsorption of undissociated ‐C2H5 groups with the C—C bond oriented nearly normal to the surface. Under growth conditions, the relative rates of deposition and indiffusion of C control the stoichiometry of the initial SixC1−x phase. At lower temperatures (∼750–1000 K), a partially noncarbidic phase occurs. Annealing this surface or dosing the clean surface at higher temperature lead...


The design research community has recently been very active in developing new types of methods, often called innovative methods, through experimentation and action research projects. The stream of innovative methods incorporates visual and creative components that are closer to a designer's genuine practices, aiming to support projection of users' own felt-experiences and their creativity. Innovative methods are in principle designed and re-designed in each project, while conventional methods aim to be easily reproducible and portable across situations. In this paper, we illustrate what learning is going on in the making process of the methods, rather than data collected by the methods. Our aim is to foreground the tangible benefits of innovative methods by discussing how the making process of innovative methods actually helps designers build contextual knowledge important for the design situation. INTRODUCTION In the historical development of human-centered design, the main agenda has been how to collect user information in a valid and reliable manner. A key response to this has been the proliferation of methods. A number of methods have been borrowed and adapted from more established human research disciplines, such as marketing, psychology, or anthropology (Hanington 2003). Methods have played a key role in describing how a human-centered design team works, systematizing the process, and educating designers (Matthews 2009). In the design research community, introducing and writing about methods is a popular way to generalize knowledge from designers' work (Keinonen 2009). In the past decade, the design research community has especially made substantial effort to develop new types of methods that are often called innovative methods (Hanington 2003). The development of innovative methods was driven by dissatisfaction with existing ones being incapable of incorporating the feltexperiences of humans and design imagination. Examples include cultural probes (Gaver et al. 1999) and their variants, a range of co-design workshop practices with various visual, storytelling, and generative tools (e.g., Sanders 2000; Sleeswijk Visser et al. 2005) and design games (e.g. Brandt & Messeter 2004; Vaajakallio 2012), to name a few. The Nordes community has played a very active role in developing and experimenting with innovative methods. (e.g. Binder et al. 2011; Mattelmäki 2006; Westerlund 2011; Sanders & Westerlund 2011; Eriksen 2009; Vajaakallio 2012). Distinguished from conventional methods, innovative methods are constructed upon designers' genuine practices, and support design-intrinsic qualities rather than conventional scientific qualities. They are designed and re-designed specifically for each project context. Instead of rigid method instructions, designers' reflective sense-making process (Schön 1983) and contextual knowledge grounded in actions (Akama & Prendiville 2013) play a great role in making their methods work in a particular situation. Despite this, the design research community has not paid consistent attention to the making process of innovative methods, i.e., what designers actually do and feel when making their methods work. Rather, the analytic focus and interests still remain in data that comes out of innovative methods. This is due to field's conventional conception on how methods are supposed to work in design, i.e. methods should be easily reproducible and portable, and guarantee satisfying results under correct operation, as diagnosed by Boehner et al. (2007), Woolrych et al. (2011), and Akama & Prendiville (2013). Sympathetic to these Nordic Design Research Conference 2013, Copenhagen-Malmö. www.nordes.org 100 This article has been sel cte for a special issue of the nline jour al Artifact.


Advanced Genetic Algorithm (AGA) is an algorithm that could be beneficial to both the jammer suppression and subarray structure, which could obtain an array structure with relatively concentrated subarray structure and better jammer suppression. The structure of subarray level optimization is analyzed and the signal model is presented. Subarray level optimization could suppress jammer effectively; compared with conventional genetic algorithm at subarray level (only adaptive processing in jammer), better subarray structure gained and the cost of hardware could be reduced remarkably. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the introduced approach.


Objective:To describes the pathogenesis of drug hypersensitivity syndrome,clinical features and treatment methods.Methods:Pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,treatment methods,and literature review in one case of drug hypersensitivity syndrome were reported.Results:The application of hormone therapy patients quickly relieved symptoms,a significant effect.Conclusion:Drug hypersensitivity syndrome is caused by infection and drug allergy as a delayed-type hypersensitivity,and is characterized by fever,rash,multiple organ damage.The key is early treatment of disabled allergenic drugs,early application of hormones can achieve better effect.


This paper uses German linked employer-employee data in order to estimate the impact of intra-firm wage dispersion on the probability that firms pay for continuous training. About half of all firms in the estimation sample cover all direct and indirect training costs, which contradicts the standard human capital approach with perfect labor markets. The main finding of my cross-section, panel, and instrumental variable Probit estimations is that firms with larger intra-firm wage compression are indeed more likely to cover all direct and indirect training costs, which is consistent with theoretical considerations of the "new training literature" about imperfect labor markets.


52s-52-E1HE concept of health merchandising is by nature rather j diffuse, if only because health itself is dependent on so g If' many things. My presentation here is concerned with several matters which are related to the title of my paper, 2s2sU5 sometimes only in quite the indirect sense in which the short stories in a volume may relate to the title story. First, I should like to tell you something of the findings of the U.S. National Health Survey and by this means to review with you the present profile of health problems in this country. As you know, we have traditionally had a better supply of information on mortality than on morbidity. The National Health Survey was begun in I956 as an instrument for filling in the gaps in our knowledge of the prevalence of illness and disability. It is helping, among other things, to define both the size and the shape of the chronic disease problem. Two principal types of survey methods are employed: a series of household interviews of a scientifically selected sample of the general noninstitutionalized population; and a program of medical examinations to complement and supplement the household interview data. Most of the information obtained thus far has been derived from the household interviews. The health examination surveys are just getting under way. In the household interview survey, the concept of illness is that believed by the person himself. He is ill if he considers himself ill, stays home from work, sees a physician, or limits his activity. In surveys based on examinations, the concept is quite different. Here the results are based on diagnostic tests, examination procedures, and medical history questions. Obviously, the results from these two methods will differ widely for some topics. Used together, however, they will give us


Stem canker symptoms were observed in a rape field in Muan, Korea during a disease survey in May 2006. A total of 15 isolates of Phoma sp. were obtained from the infected stems of the plant. All isolates were identified as Leptosphaeria biglobosa based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. The Korean isolates of L. biglobosa were assigned to `brassicae` among six subclades of L. biglobosa complex based on the entire ITS sequences of rDNA. Pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was confirmed on leaves and stems of rape by artificial inoculation. This is the first report that Leptosphaeria biglobosa causes stem canker of rape in Korea.


This article presents the results of studies on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of new varieties of winter wheat under conditions ofclimatic zones of the Kabardino-Balkaria.


A family of resonance states of the generalized Veneziano model, enjoying special stability properties due to the suppression of the lower-multiplicity decay modes, is presented. The lightest of these states, having decay multiplicity two suppressed, agrees in mass and spin with ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1600)$. Masses and spins of the heavier states, for which higher decay multiplicities are affected, are also uniquely determined.


This book explains how system availability and software reliability relate to real-world telecommunications systems. Readers will gain knowledge of how to understand, model, predict, and manage system availability throughout the development cycle. The methods and concepts discussed are practical in nature, and the modeling and prediction techniques and tools are customer-focused, data-driven, and aligned with industry standards. This is a valuable resource for system/software architects, engineers, testers, and product managers working in software in the industrial, IT, telecommunications, aerospace, military, and medical fields.


Abstract. Space-based observation of gravitational waves promises to enable the study of a rich variety of high energy astrophysical sources in the 0.0001 to 1 Hz band using signals complementary to traditional electromagnetic waves. Gravitational waves represent the first new tool for studying the sky since gamma ray telescopes debuted in the 1970s, and we expect compelling science to be the result. The fundamental measurement is to monitor the path length difference between pairs of freely falling test masses with laser interferometry to a precision of picometers over gigameter baselines. The test masses are arranged in an equilateral triangle to allow simultaneous measurement of both gravitational wave polarizations. The heliocentric orbital space environment enables the test masses to be shielded from large ground motions at low frequencies, and allows the construction of long measurement baselines that are well matched to the signal wavelengths. Optical telescopes play an important role in the measurement because they deliver laser light efficiently from one spacecraft to another. The telescopes are directly in the measurement path, so there are additional performance requirements to support precision metrology beyond the usual requirements for good image formation.


The performance of an automatic system for extracting flower boundaries for ten different types of wild flowers has been improved. The proposed flower boundary extraction method consists of three major procedures: the detection of four edge points, boundary tracing and performance improvement part. The flower boundary extraction part involves a new technique for automatically identifying the boundary of a flower in an image. An Intelligent Scissor algorithm is applied for boundary tracing. The color gradient magnitude and Canny edge detection are analyzed and included as the cost terms of the Intelligent Scissor algorithm. The color gradient magnitude cost term is implemented so that it can act directly on the three components of the color image. For the third procedure, we implement performance improvement. The main advantage of the proposed method was that when the program detected the wrong four edge points, using the mouse the correct positions could be clicked. The proposed method was applied to 500 photos of 10 different flowers, with 50 photos of each flower all in a complex background. The experimental results showed an extraction rate of 79.4%, which was better than before.


The 1H NMR spectrum of chlorpromazine hydrochloride was fully assigned at 400 MHz. Similarly, the 13C NMR spectrum was assigned unambiguously using two‐dimensional NMR. Measurements of chemical shift as a function of concentration in D2O showed appreciable changes of shift of both protons and carbons which were apparent even at solution concentrations two orders of magnitude lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The relative magnitude of the shifts of the aromatic protons and carbons on dilution below the CMC were compatible with vertical stacking of the molecules in an off‐set manner such that maximum overlap of the chlorinated rings occurred. Proton chemical shift data were interpreted using a stepwise association model to quantify the extent of association in the pre‐CMC region.


The quantitative practice of portfolio selection aims to select the in-sample optimal portfolio that is robust out of sample. However, at each estimation period, the conventional method is selection by solving a given objective function, without a learning mechanism, or training.

This paper designs a method to train portfolio selection. Each optimal portfolio is a combination of three basic elements: strategy, covariance matrix, and risk type; therefore, like the cocktail therapy, we propose a selection method by first augmenting the combination to 250 optimal portfolios at each estimation period, and then we propose a score to select the best portfolio to hold in the next period. In the machine learning literature, combining multiple models together in some way has proven to be useful. Such combinations of models are sometimes called committees. We show that the combination portfolio exhibits superior performance and robustness, and the alternative way to train portfolio selection is useful.


There are many aggregation operators have been defined up to date, but in this work, we define the interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy weighted geometric (IPFWG) operator, the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (IPFOWG) operator, and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy hybrid geometric operator. We also discuss some properties and give some examples also to develop these operators. At the last we apply the interval-valued IPFWG operator and the interval-valued IPFOWG operator to multiple attribute decision-making problem under the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy information.


Large Brazilian cities present similar urban forms and development processes, despite the fact that some were implemented through different comprehensive plans, while still others were founded to serve a wide range of purposes. Apart from these differences, Brazilian cities have currently been experiencing considerable growth and territorial expansion. Planning processes have been put forward but have seldom been effectively implemented to form legal cities. This paper presents the characteristics of one Brazilian city, Belo Horizonte, which was designed 115 years ago to be the capital of the state of Minas Gerais and which is experiencing a similar process within its boundaries. However, the city's spacialization and administrative body are similar to all other Brazilian cities, by comparing results from applied norms. This allows Belo Horizonte to be selected as a symbol of these urban policies and products.


A single thresholding technique may not provide the best binarization for all images of datasets such as protein crystallization images. To overcome this limitation, multiple thresholding methods are used to binarize images. Whenever multiple thresholding techniques are used, it is important to know which one provides the best result automatically. To solve this problem, in this study, we propose an alternative technique for image thresholding that employs a tree based structure to determine the best thresholding approach for a particular case. The leaf nodes of the tree indicate different global thresholding techniques, which have different abilities to binarize the image. We try to select the best approach by making decisions that are based on the characteristic features of the sample such as standard deviation. We have applied this technique to our protein image dataset and compared the results with the ground truth binary images that are manually generated by experts. Experimental results indicate that using a selecting the best one in a group of global thresholding methods is beneficial rather than single one. We provide the comparison results using some well-known accuracy measures. Our technique has reached 0.82 using Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) and increased the MCC value by 0.11.


The search for qualitative differences between tumor tissue and their normal counterpart has so far been unsuccessful. Instances of quantitative differences between the two are many. For example, evidence has been put forth to suggest thnt most tumors derive their energy via the 6-phosphogluconate oxidative (or HMP) pathway. Since this pathway is present to a lesser extent in normal tissue, any interference with it will preferentially act on tumor tissue. Because of this a number of substances are being tried as anticancer agents. In addition to studying the anticancer properties of various tumors, their effectiveness in interfering with the HMP oxidative pathway is also being tested with taken of the fact that whereas the radioactivity of pathways, that from glucosc-6-C/sup 14/ appears only via the EM pathway. The tracer technique will not only give an indication of the interference with the energy production of the tumor but it will also tell us which of the tumors are likely to respond to this approach of chemotherapy of cancer. (auth)


Humanitarianism is increasingly used to address migration in Europe, from search and rescue operations at sea to reception on land. Scholars often interpret humanitarianism as a means for states to depoliticize migration and prioritize securitization. In this article, I analyze perspectives on humanitarianism among civil society volunteers and workers who, alongside institutions, deliver humanitarian support to migrants. Civil initiatives in this field by independent volunteers, non-governmental organizations and charities have surged, thus shifting tasks traditionally under the responsibility of the state to non-state actors. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in and around the premises of the Hub (a center providing humanitarian assistance to migrants transiting in the Italian city of Milan), I show that engaging in such civil support initiatives raises the levels of political awareness and activism among ordinary citizens. Through insight into the daily actions, motivations and aims of the men and women operating at the Hub, I show that their involvement in humanitarian assistance marks the beginning of a personal journey in which they gradually conceive what they do as far from being in support of depoliticizing state securitization policies and rather as politically loaded.


The mechanical properties of a coal seam affect the distribution of support pressure. Considering the strain hardening effect of coal seam, the support pressure relationship of three zones—softened, hardened, and elastic—of a coal seam with regard to a hard roof is proposed, and methods to determine an approximate expression for the support pressure of hardened zone of coal seam, the range of hardened zone, and the corresponding peak values of support pressure are provided. The deflection equations of a hard roof under three different support pressure relationships of coal seam before the first breaking were theoretically derived, and all the relevant integration constants were determined. Numerical examples of two cases are provided for calculating the bending moment of a hard roof and the support pressure of a coal seam. The analysis shows that as the working face advances, the maximum support pressure increases, the residual strength of coal seam at coal wall decreases, the overall deflection of roof gradually increases, the maximum bending moment of roof in the front of coal wall increases, and the advanced distance of roof bending moment peak gradually increases. As the depth of softened zone of coal seam increases, the similar conclusion is obtained, and the advanced distance of the roof bending moment peak increases at a relatively fast speed. Because the bending moment peak of hard roof is located near the support pressure peak in the softened zone of coal seam, the depth of softened zone of coal seam significantly affects the advanced distance of the bending moment peak of a roof. The actual advanced fracture distances of hard roof are distributed in a relatively broad range. The results indicate that there is a "large and long" type advanced fracture distance occurring in the actual stope. With the same overlying load and stope parameter conditions, the maximum support pressures of support roof in softened, hardened, and elastic zones considering a hardened coal seam are smaller than those in softened and elastic zones without hardening. However, the plumpness in front of the peak of the former support pressure curve is superior to that of the latter, and both the bending moment peak value and the advanced distance of bending moment peak of the former are higher than those of the latter.


Montgarri Castillo-Oliver1, Andrea Giuliani1,2, William L. Griffin1, Suzanne Y. O'Reilly1, Emilie Thomassot3 and Russell N. Drysdale4 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems and GEMOC, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia 2School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
 3 Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS, Nancy, France 4 School of Geography, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia


We have used density functional theory to begin the study of nucleation in dipolar fluids. The simplest case of a system composed of Stockmayer molecules has been considered. Under a Weeks–Chandler–Andersen perturbation scheme we obtain the corresponding bulk phase diagram and interfacial properties of planar and spherical liquid–vapor interfaces. Molecules tend to align perpendicular to the interface on the liquid side of small droplets, but the overall effect of this on free energies is negligible. The resulting nonclassical effects on nucleation rates are, hence, close to those found in nonpolar Lennard‐Jones fluids.


As both computers and flow-analyzing equations have increased in sophistication, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has evolved into a fixture for advanced aircraft design. While CFD codes have improved in accuracy and efficiency, their ability to encompass viscous effects is lacking in certain areas. For example, current CFD codes cannot accurately predict or correct for the increased drag due to these viscous effects at some flow conditions. However, by analyzing an airfoil's turbulent boundary layer, one can predict not only flow separation via the shape factor parameter, but also viscous drag via the momentum thickness. Various codes have been written which can calculate turbulent boundary layer parameters. The goal of my research is to develop procedures for modifying an airfoil (via its local pressure distribution) to eliminate boundary layer separation and/or to reduce viscous drag. The modifications to the local pressure distribution necessary to achieve these objectives will be determined using a direct-iterative method installed into a turbulent boundary layer analyzer. Furthermore, the modifications should preserve the basic characteristics of the original airfoil.


AIM: To investigate the influential factors and non-pharmacal intervention strategies for anxious and depressive state of patients with gastrointestinal tumors in perioperative period and its.METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six patients,who were diagnosed as having malignant gastrointestinal tumors by pathological analysis and were to receive operations,were randomly divided into intervention group(78 patients) and control group(78 patients).On top of conventional therapy,patients in intervention group were additionally treated with sequential psychological intervention,such as group psychotherapy,cognitive behavior therapy and family therapy.SAS and SDS were adopted to examine the anxiety and depression level,and questionnaire survey on factors relative to mental health was conducted.RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in scores of SDS and SAS between the two groups before intervention.However,after sequential intervention,scores of SDS and SAS in intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group on preoperational day 1 and post-operational day 5(P0.05).Analysis of influential factors indicated that the number of patients afflicted with anxiety and depression was inversely proportional to their age and was not correlated with age and intervention(P=0.943).Results of our analysis also suggested that anxiety and depression were clearly correlated with eight influential factors,namely,knowledge of their conditions,fear of surgical treatment,results of surgical treatment,financial status,degree of pain,quality of sleep,quality of life after operation and concerns on future employment.CONCLUSION: Anxious and depressive state of patients with gastrointestinal tumors is influenced by many factors.Non-pharmacal sequential intervention can significantly reduce the perioperational anxiety and depression of patients,which plays an important role in improving patients' life quality.


Economic integration and security alone will not be sufficient to realise the vision of an ASEAN Community or that of a larger regional East Asia in a global world. Rather, as ASEAN nation-states struggle to accomplish their nation-hood project while competing in a larger East Asian and Asia Pacific marketplace, these countries increasingly need to rely upon the less defined areas of cultural, social and lately, media cooperation. Rather, television broadcasting, film and animation productions have become the site for developing regional circuits of cultural production that are reshaping the contours of media globalization and integrating cultural markets in South East and East Asia. This paper seeks to examine the roles that Asian Media Productions-in Television, Film and Animation-play in the social and cultural integration of Asian media and communication systems, against the backdrop of diverse societies and cultures. It will use three emergent industry trends – regional game shows, Pan-Asian film experiments and Asian-made animation productions – to explore the impact of media and communication policies that promote creative industries, cultural marketisation of stars, and regionalisation of industries have made towards building a pan-Asian youth and audience marketplace of ideas, creativity and innovation. Global media corporations have been steadily expanding in the region by supplying imported television programs to national broadcasters, obtaining landing rights for their foreign television channels and investing in larger-scale marketing budgets and dominating screens in multi-cinema complexes. Recently, local broadcasters have moved towards format adaptation of game shows and new media applications for animation, while Asian film industries experiment with pan-Asian casting and genres that pander to geo-linguistically similar markets. These reflect the creative responses of local players to global competition. Introduction The current literature reflects a tendency for the cultural and in particular the media industries to consolidate in this increasingly competitive era of media globalisation (Hesmondhalgh, 2001; Miller, Nitin, Maxwell and McMurria, 2001). Following this capitalist logic towards industry consolidation, it is timely to explore the possibilities and problematic idea of regionalization of television industries in South east and East Asia. Its continued population growth, increased cultural trade of Asian-original programming at international markets like MIPTV, and positive economic figures reconfirm the continued vitality of the Asia Pacific for the media


In response to concern about "welfare migration, " some states have been freezing benefit levels and trying to institute lower benefits for newly arrived out-of-state applicants. There is also evidence that rising welfare rolls lead states not to raise benefits. Yet, interstate variation in welfare benefits has narrowed over the last two decades. There is also evidence that while interstate competition, or comparison of benefit levels, discourages high-benefit states from raising benefits, states look more at themselves then they look at each other. The most significant factor affecting AFDC benefit-levels appears to lie in the intergovernmental arrangements forfinancing public assistance (i.e., states often allow Food Stamps and Medicaid to substitute for AFDC). In addition, the migration ofpoorfemaleheaded families is patterned after the migration of the population in general; they move to where there isjob growth. A major political consequence ofstressing welfare migration may be its symbolic value in reinforcing prejudices against welfare recipients.


A new UV-spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of uric acid based on the charge transfer complex of tetrachlorobenquinone and uric acid.A kind of stable charge-transfer complexes will be formed quickly,when uric acid and tetrachlorobenquinone are mixed with 1∶1 in acetonitrile.The e of the complex is 1.52×10~4 L/mol·cm(the medium is acetonitrile,λ=450 nm).The calibration curve is linear in the concentration range of 1.01×10~(-6)~10.1×10~(-6) mol/L for uric acid with the recovery of 99.8~105.6% and RSD of 3.48%(n=5).A simple,quick and accurate method for the determination of uric acid in human urine was proposed.


A biotype of Paraquat resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.) has envolved in an oil palm plantation in North Sumatera after been treated with Paraquat herbicide in a long period of time. This study aims to investigate the fitness of Paraquat resistant biotype when growing with susceptible biotype in the absence of herbicide. Seeds of Paraquat resistant biotype of Eleusine indica were collected from an oil palm plantation in Deli Serdang and had been proven to have resistant of Paraquat herbicide whereas the susceptible population from a field near campus of Universitas Sumatera Utara which never been exposed to Paraquat herbicide. Both biotypes were planted with proportions of 100 R: 0 S, 75 R: 25 S, 50 R: 50 S, 25 R: 75 S, and 0 R: 100 S with four replications. The result showed that Paraquat resistant biotypes had stronger fitness that the susceptible biotypes.


The Society of Wetland Scientists will: • Strive to be recognized as the leader in wetland science • Lead the education of wetland professionals and the public regarding wetland science and applications • Continue to promote the development of wetland science programs around the world, particularly in developing countries, and to promote diversity among SWS members • Actively promote the inclusion of sound science in wetland policy and stewardship


Given the abundant individual and organizational outcomes of empowerment, identifying employees who can bemore empowered than others can be quite beneficial for organizations. The goal of this study was to test therelationship between both Narcissism and Machiavellianism, and psychological empowerment. To do so, 223front-line service workers working in different industries in tertiary sector in Iran were selected and data wascollected using self-reported questionnaire. The results indicated that by affecting three cognitions of impact,self-determination, and competence/self-efficacy, Narcissism positively relates to psychological empowerment.Despite the significant positive relationship between Machiavellianism and the cognition of impact,unexpectedly, no significant link between Machiavellianism and overall measure of psychological empowermentwas found. This was attributed to significant negative relationship between Machiavellianism andempowerment's dimension of meaning. Identifying individual differences, such as Narcissism, which arepositively related to empowerment can be tremendously useful during human resource selection. In other words,the result suggests that employing individuals with some degree of healthy Narcissism can be quite fruitful forthe organizations especially those operating in the service sector.


Impaired endothelium‐dependent vasodilation is a hallmark finding of obesity‐induced hypertension. Recognition that Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cells promotes vasodilation has led to the hypothesis that endothelial Ca2+ signaling is compromised during obesity, but the underlying abnormality is unknown. Here, we show that Ca2+ influx through TRPV4 channels at myoendothelial projections (MEPs) to smooth muscle cells lowers resting blood pressure in non‐obese mice, a response that is diminished in obese mice. Counter‐intuitively, release of nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells attenuates TRPV4 channel activity and TRPV4‐mediated vasodilation in the obese animals. Increased activities of iNOS and NOX1 correlated with elevated levels of NO and superoxide radicals at the MEPs in obese mice, ultimately reacting to form peroxynitrite. Subsequent findings revealed that peroxynitrite causes cysteine oxidation of the regulatory protein AKAP150 to inhibit TRPV4 channel activity at the MEPs. TRPV4 channel activity and vasodilation are also impaired in the arteries from obese patients, and are restored by strategies that lower peroxynitrite levels. These data suggest that defective TRPV4 channel–mediated vasodilation may contribute to obesity‐induced hypertension, and imply that inhibiting peroxynitrite may represent a strategy to normalize endothelial TRPV4 channel activity, vasodilation and blood pressure during obesity.


28 Università degli Studi di Salerno Introduction According to the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), the neurodevelopment disorders are characterised by an atypical development of some cognitive domains, with a dysfunctional behavioural correlation supported by phenotypes with a genetic connection. Among these are the specific learning disabilities, which are united by a single condition characterised by difficulty in learning and using academic skills in the presence of an adequate IQ; these include dyslexia, dyscalculia and dysorthography. The clinical features are an inaccurate or slow and laborious reading of the words, difficulty in understanding the meaning of what is read, difficulty in spelling, in written expression, in mastering the concept of number, numerical data ora calculation, and in arithmetic reasoning. Recently, thanks to the better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these disorders and thanks to the improvement of neuroimaging and genetic analysis, we better understood the evolution of these pathologies and consequently we have refined the diagnosis and treatment. Studies focused particularly more on dyslexia, both due to its high frequency in general population and to the better understanding of its pathogenesis. Various cognitive models are developed to explain the nature of the processes underlying the recognition of written words; the models explained partially the cause of dyslexia, tracing it back to a phonological deficit of consciousness. Today none of these models seems to prevail, but we believe that, in the context of a general reading disorder, there are several difficulties that can be either phonological or about phonological, motor or visual consciousness, due to the failure of magnocellular/auditory neurons development, because of an altered central processing. Already in the 80s, Tallal et al. recognised the phonological deficit as a symptom of a deficit of sound processing presented in rapid sequence (proper of verbal oral language) and therefore a deficit of elaboration at the auditory temporal cortex. This difficulty in the sounds analysis could lead to a wrong categorization and to a failure to recognise the phoneme as the acoustic characteristics change. From studies carried out on children with dyslexia, deficient performances emerged in conditions of short auditory stimuli presented in rapid sequence, while the performance improved with a longer stimulus interval. These difficulties lead to a need for longer times to discriminate short sounds in rapid sequence. Tallal deduced that children with dyslexia presented not a linguistic deficit but a deficit of temporal elaboration of the variation of the auditory patterns, which then translated into a difficulty in the perception of isolated language. In auditory perception of sounds, both when proposed in rapid sequences and with a longer time intervals, a primary role is played by auditory attention, expecially by focused auditory attention. The aim of this work is to present the features of adult patients wit a specific learning disability in reading and to evaluate the possible correlation with phonological awareness deficits (therefore the ability to analyse and manipulate the linguistic structure of words), and with auditory-verbal processing disorders.


Eighteen hundred and fifty-three was a fateful year in European diplomacy. The irritating and danger-laden Eastern Question once more moved out of the control of Europe's statesmen; and when the Ottoman and Russian empires locked in combat French and British leaders moved rapidly to form an alliance with the Turks. While objecting to implications by Tsar Nicholas that the government in Constantinople was "sick" and "dying," the western nations testified to the validity of his remarks by their actions. Turkish moribundity was taken for granted in the next two years, and Turkey's allies were to treat her virtually as a satellite.


24 A method (called binaural enhancement) for enhancing interaural level differences at 25 low frequencies, based on estimates of interaural time differences, was developed and 26 evaluated. Five conditions were compared, all using simulated hearing-aid processing: (1) 27 Linear amplification with frequency-response shaping (LIN); (2) Binaural enhancement 28 combined with linear amplification and frequency-response shaping (BE); (3) Slow-acting 29 four-channel amplitude compression with independent compression at the two ears 30 (AGC4CH); (4) Binaural enhancement combined with four-channel compression (BE31 AGC4CH); (5) Four-channel compression but with the compression gains synchronized 32 across ears (SYNC-AGC4CH). Ten hearing-impaired listeners were tested, and gains and 33 compression ratios for each listener were set to match targets prescribed by the CAM2 fitting 34 method. Stimuli were presented via headphones, using virtualization methods to simulate 35 listening in a moderately reverberant room. The intelligibility of speech at 60 azimuth in 36 the presence of competing speech on the opposite side of the head at 60 azimuth was not 37 affected by the binaural enhancement processing. Sound localization was significantly better 38 for condition BE-AGC4CH than for condition AGC4CH for a sentence, but not for broadband 39 noise, lowpass noise or lowpass amplitude-modulated noise. The results suggest that the 40 binaural enhancement processing can improve localization for sounds with distinct envelope 41 fluctuations. 42 Moore et al. Evaluation of binaural enhancement 3


Laser pulsed sputtering of GeO 2 targets in both vacuum and oxygen environments is us;ed to produce germanium oxide thin films. Infrared transmission and Auger electron spectroscopies are employed to infer compositional information on the films. The films grown in vacuum are oxygen deficient and they show a radial variation in the metal to oxide content. In contrast, the films grown in an oxygen atmosphere appear stoichiometric along the entire film.


The state of environmental history is something like the state labor history was in around the early seventies. There is an enormous amount of ongoing creative work but little evidence of consensus about its broader meaning. Women's historycurrentlybears the same aspect. In both of those older sub-fields of history there has been much disagreement about the subject. I don't here mean "subject" only in the trivial sense of 'area," but also in one of its Hegelian senses: the subject who is quasi-agent, quasi-victim. Not everyone agrees that labor history should be conceived as being the story of agents, people able to alter their conditions of living, at will, and in a deliberate manner. The same is true for women's history. Will it ever be resolved whether these two histories are fundamentally stories of victims or of agents? What about environmental history? Isn't it the story of a victim, one absolutely bereft of rights? Isn't it therefore true that there must be implicit agreement about how this latest new history ought to be done?


A replicate haul experiment was carried out using the vertically towed PAIROVET net in an area of high abundance of anchovy eggs in the Bay of Biscay. The main aim of the experiment was to compare the performance of ships of different size working in the same area. In addition, we tested the performance of the PAIROVET net and the deployment methodology used to sample anchovy eggs for biomass assessment purposes. We concluded that under the experimental conditions experi- enced in this cruise, different ships yield similar performances of the vertically towed PAIROVET net if the methodology is kept similar. The ANOVA suggests that the systematic central sampling (SCS) scheme currently in use for the Bay of Biscay anchovy biomass estimations (one station out at 3 miles) adequately represents the surrounding area along the transect line. The among-station component of variance within the unit sampling area of the current SCS turned out to be comparable and, in some cases, smaller than the within-station variance. Consequently, the spatial design of the SCS adopted during routine surveys appears to be a reliable strategy for sampling anchovy eggs in areas of high egg abundance, as in this experiment. In addition, it ensures fairly independent data units. In the area of the experiment, the most disperse egg stages (like 2- and 3-day-old eggs) show a larger within- station component of variance than the spatial component of variance within the rectangles of the current SCS. This suggests that for these stages, the sampling can still be improved cheaply by increas- ing the precision of egg abundance estimates per station with larger sample sizes, without changing the spatial sampling scheme or the number of stations. However, the benefits of this strategy will hardly affect the precision of the 1-day-old egg estimates because of their patchy distribution.


Taking nonlinear effect into account, we study theoretically the transmission properties of photons in a one-dimensional coupled cavity, the cavity located at the center of the cavity array being coupled to a two-level system. By using the traditional scattering theory and the mean-field approximation, we calculate the transmission rate of photons along the cavities, and discuss the effect of nonlinearity and the cavity-atom coupling on the photon transport. The results show that the cavity-atom couplings affect the coherent transport of photons. The dynamics of such a system is also studied by numerical simulations, the effect of the atom-field detuning and nonlinearity on the dynamics is shown and discussed.


Experimental data have shown, that at the contents of slag in structure of ceramic weights of 30 % of a product have optimum physicomechanical parameters. Use сalciumcontaining slag from melt of ferroalloys promotes recycling industrial wastes, preservation of the environment and expansion of a raw&material base for building materials.


The aims of this research work are to test the dynamic response of economic growth to financial development and information and communication technology (ICT), and to investigate whether the interaction of financial development with better ICT infrastructure can promote economic growth. Growth theories predict that financial development and ICT positively influence economic growth, but the results are mixed. Therefore, the current study examines the dynamic response of economic growth to financial development and information and communication technology (ICT) for eight selected sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries covering 2000–2021. Applying pooled mean groups and mean group estimators, the findings reveal that ICT enhances growth in SSA, but financial development is otherwise. The result further shows that with the interaction of ICT with financial development, economic growth is positively influenced. Since the region is still undergoing development, it is suggested that there should be more investment in the ICT infrastructure.


Due to the profile of strengths and weaknesses indicative of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), technology may play a key role in ameliorating communication difficulties with this population. This paper documents coding guidelines established through cross-disciplinary work focused on facilitating communication development in children with ASD using computerized feedback. The guidelines, referred to as A3 (pronounced A-Cubed) or Annotation for ASD Analysis, define and operationalize a set of dependent variables coded via video annotation. Inter-rater reliability data are also presented from a study currently in-progress, as well as related discussion to help guide future work in this area. The design of the A3 methodology is well-suited for the examination and evaluation of the behavior of low-functioning subjects with ASD who interact with technology.


This work conducted a study of the identification, by means of the Situational strategic planning PES, possible gaps/obstacles in the process of production development Partnership-PDP's, which can delay/hamper its formalization and/or its execution. It is a strategic moment, because this is the time to analyze that some operations may be highly controversial politically, very demanding from an economic point of view, or applicant of highly complex technology. Were analyzed in the light of the concepts and elements of the Situational strategic planning PES concrete cases of PDP's between the years 2010 and 2013 by identifying possible relationships of cause of the problems, that is, its critics by proposing a strategic action plan intervention possible. The relevance of the study is very involved in its preparation, the policy makers within the MS and his vision of regulation and knowledge that cover the activities of PDP ' s. The Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Inputs SCTIE plays a major role and wide performance, seeking the promotion of economic development, scientific-technological and health to establish a baseline of national welfare and consolidation of the SUS, face the challenge of development, through innovation and public policies to stimulate innovation in Brazilian public and private pharmaceutical institutions which established PDP s in the year 2009.In the field of public policy, reinforces that the PES, arises from the rejection of the idea of a single rationality coach, for the solution of the political and social issues and, also, the recognition of the plurality of social actors in conflict in a complex and dynamic reality.


[Objective] To know the VCT in Yuhuatai district,and improve the service quality of VCT.[Methods]Analysis was made on data for VCT of AIDS and antibody test of HIV in Yuhuatai district,2009.[Results]Of 796 consulted,females accounted for 77.51%,20-30 years old accounted for 70.23%,extra-marital sexual activity accounted for 55.28%,pregmant women accounted for 34.17%.795 were tested,and 1 HIV-antibody positive,accounting for 0.13%.[Conclusion]VCT publicity should be strengthened in Yuhuatai district,and service should be spread.


A large population of "Nashinci", Macedonians with Islamic faith that live abroad are located in Turkey. This diaspora was created out of economic and political reasons, especially in certain crisis periods, wars and expulsion from the territory of ethnic Macedonia in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. It is disturbing that in the '50ties and '60ties of the 20th century, during the Socialistic Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, there was a huge migration of Macedonians with Islamic faith towards Turkey. Whole colonies of "Nashinci" can be found in cities such as Istanbul, Izmir, Bursa etc. as well as the smaller ones as Akisar, Manisa etc. They are still speaking their mother tongue and cherish their culture in a relatively close circle.


We developed an 8‐in. VGA flexible OLED display by integrating IGZO‐TFTs and novel highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs. The emitting layers in red OLEDs using a beryllium complex as a host material and a platinum complex as a guest material exhibited low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and high stability because of efficient energy transfer from the host to the guest. Furthermore, IGZO‐TFT backplane was fabricated on the plastic film at low temperature. Stable moving images could be observed on the display when it was bent.


Festivals are at the heart of British music and at the heart of the British music industry. They form an essential part of the worlds of rock, classical, folk and jazz, forming regularly occurring pivot points around which musicians, audiences, and festival organisers plan their lives. Funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the purpose of this report is to chart and critically examine available writing about the impact of British music festivals, drawing on both academic and 'grey'/cultural policy literature in the field. The review presents research findings under the headings of: •economy and charity; •politics and power; •temporality and transformation; •creativity: music and musicians; •place-making and tourism; •mediation and discourse; •health and well-being; and •environment: local and global. It concludes with observations on the impact of academic research on festivals as well as a set of recommendations for future research.


Taylor and Francis Ltd CHER128438.sgm 10.1080/07294360500284557 Highe Education Research & Development 0729-4360 (pr t)/1469-8366 (online) Edit ri l 2 05 ERDSA 4 4 000November 2 5 It is not easy to do justice to the professional life of a respected colleague, especially a colleague such as John Bowden. John is a big man. He is big in stature, big in personality and big in ideas and vision. He is a quintessential modern (as opposed to post-modern) man whose schemes and thinking are rich and far-reaching. Those of us who have known and admired John over the years have sometimes exchanged stories about his amazing capacity to develop and embrace complex schemes and ideas. We might recall these stories over dinner when we reunite in different parts of the world for conferences or on study leave. These are affectionate, admiring stories of the occasions in our relationships with John when his exuberance, his confidence, his command of situations in managing university life and his ability to see and interlink so much has left many of us way behind and speechless. We would laugh at his expansiveness in the face of our own more measured visions and insights. John has become a part of our own histories, a part of what we have struggled with, learned, valued and savoured in being women and men of the university at the turn of the twenty-first century. In this introduction, I recall four separate encounters and conversations across the 20 or so years I have known John that have been significant moments in my personal deepening of understanding and growth. They made an impact at the time and, in hindsight, as I think about John's larger contribution, these moments take on a deeper significance. In line with the first paper in this issue, by Pam Green, I will present these contributions in the form of stories.


This article presents the rudiments of a political ontology approach to the ethnoterritorial struggles in Latin America. Such struggles, it is argued, constitute strategies of the defence of relational worlds, and the knowledge developed in them by communities and activists embodies a far-sighted strategy for the perseverance and fostering of the pluriverse. Territórios da diferença: a ontologia política dos "direitos ao território"


The study of sources concerning the cartographic production of late antiquity and in particular mode of late roman cartography was before the spread of the World Wide Web (WWW), a privilege for certain scholars, capable of visiting specialized libraries worldwide, in order to consult original codes and manuscripts. The World Wide Web (WWW) is the most recent medium to present and disseminate information and in particular mode geographical and historical data. In this process, the reproduction of written and depicted primary sources and especially historical maps plays a key role and has multiple functions. First, gives the possibility for studying the document in totality, providing insight into patterns and relations, which could not be observed otherwise, for example, through the printed reproduction of a codes fragment in a secondary source, or through the temporary eyeshot of the original or his photographic reproduction in the library. Secondly, because of the nature of the WWW, the historical map can also function as an interface or index to additional information. Geographic locations on the map can be linked to magnification of the particular, to the original and (or) the translated text, to settlement plans, photographs, sound or other contemporary maps (multimedia). The corpus of late antique cartography comprises depicted documents (itineraria picta) and sources in written form (itineraria scripta). In the category of depicted documents belong the Tabula Peutingeriana, the Dura Europos parchment, the illustrations of the Notititia Dignitatum and the Corpus Agrimensorum, the mosaics of Nicopolis, Epirus and Madaba, Jordan, the drawings from the manuscripts of Cosmas Indicopleustes, etc. In the category of written sources belong the texts from the manuscripts of the Corpus Agrimensorum (C. Arcerianus, C. Palatinus Vaticanus, C. Laurentianus), the itinireraria scripta (Antonini, Burdigalensis, Egeriae), the writings of Christian Topography, etc. The case study of several internet based websites with content, related to the above-mentioned corpus, will explore the virtues of various modes of visualisation, test the effects of low-resolution screen readability and examine problems and solutions concerning digital representation and the further study of late antique cartography.


In the process of water saving irrigation project investment decision,the dependent information is partly known or poor,which is the gray characteristic of the multi-schemes optimization decision.The decision is a complicated work involving many factors and objects needed to be considered.The evaluation factors and optimization conclusion all have the characteristic of uncertainty.So,it is in fact a multi-objective decision-making problem.Aiming at problem of multi-schemes optimization decision of investment,the gray relative analysis method is introduced to establish gray-target decision model to solve the problem of optimization selection of investment schemes.The result shows that the accuracy and objectivity of decision is enhanced through the method.The feasibility of using gray relative analysis method to solve the multi-objects decision problem is proved through an example in the end.


Procurement of goods and services is one of the initial stages in the procurement of a project, including the selection of project vendors. Some of the problems that exist when working on a project such as delays in the provision of spare parts and incompetent experts in project work greatly affect the smooth running of the project. The right vendor selection is one of the keys to the company's success in completing a project. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is a method that can help companies make decisions, especially in the selection of project vendors. From the results of calculations using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for the selection of project vendors based on the main criteria, the most important in selecting project vendors is quality with a weight of 0.36, Vendor  B is in first place with a weight of 0.35 or equal to 33.1%, vendor A is in the second position at 0.30 or 27.4%, vendor D is in the third position at 0.18 or 21.4%, the last position is occupied by vendor C at 0.17 or 18.1%


The present paper is concerned with the applications of minearal apaties A10[XO4]6Z2. Due to the particular crystal-chemical characteristics, mineral apatites including synthetic hydroxyapatite, fluorap-atite and natural mineral carbonate-fluorapatite can be used as excellent environmental function materials for treatment of heavy-metal and F- ions in waste water. The experimental results for aqueous Cd2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, [UO2]2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr6+, Hg2+and F-show that apatites could remove effectively most of the heavy-metal ions from solution. Take the removal of Pb2+ by natural carbonate-fluorapatite as an example. Under the conditions of room-temperature, pH = 3 and action time of ca. 60 min,the attenuation ratio is 99. 4% and attenuated Pb2+ more than 1 100 mg per 1 g sample. Removal mechanisms include ad-sorption-sorption of cations on the apatites, surface-complexation, dissolution-precipitation and ion-exchange between the aqueous cations and the lattice Ca2+. The cations attenuated could be fixed into the lattice of apatite without re-dissolving that results in secondary pollution. The major factors affecting the attenuated effect include the types of phosphorite, mineral chemical composition of apatites, pH value in the solutions, conditioning time, initial concentration of aqueous heavy-metal ions, and the sample size and amount. In general, the hydroxyapatite shows a more active property than that of fluorapatite; siliceous phosphate is more effective than calciferous phosphate; the exist of structural carbonate could increase the specific area and the activity of sample. For different cations, the optimum pH value is different; increasing of action temperature would favour the removal rate but the balance time is generally 60-180 min.


The effects of Sodium Tripolyphosphate(STTP) on the crystallization of Calcium Sulphate were studied ,so did the effects on the performance of STTP as a scale inhibitor from the concentration of STTP、pH value and the temperature.Such conclusions as STTP and its metal ions complexes being a excellent nucleation inhibitor which can prevent Calcium Sulphate crystal from growth in a certain extent can be drawn from this text.


ICT as an integrating link for children with motor disabilities : Paper presented at the Asia-Pacific Educational Research Association (APERA) International conference, Hong Kong Institute of Education


The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive description of the role of staff, the factors that support the role of administration and political access and recommend an effective role of administration in supporting the activities of the commission in the Regional House of Representatives of Meranti Regency. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The focus of the study in this research is the administrative role and political access of commission staff at the Meranti Regency Regional People's Representative Council which is carried out formally and informally. The research includes the role of commission staff, factors that support the role of administration and political access and recommendations for the effectiveness of the administrative role and political access of commission B (Economy) staff in the Regional House of Representatives of Meranti Regency. Developments and environmental changes in political life have colored the attitude of relations between the legislative and executive bodies in the past towards the opinion that DPRD commission staff are only limited to being part of local government. This gave rise to a discourse that the existence of the DPRD Commission B staff at that time as staff who followed the orders of the members of the council wherever the members of the council held plenary meetings, work visits or others.


The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is replacing the use of synthetic fibers, especially from an environmental standpoint. Indeed, natural fibers are biodegradable and renewable, with no aggression to the environment. Moreover, they are worldwide abundant with relatively low cost. It was found that fine fibers of sisal, with the thinnest diameters can achieve tensile strength on the order of 1000 MPa. In this work, tensile specimens were prepared with 30% in volume of sisal fibers with diameters between 0.1 and 0.10mm incorporated in a continuous and aligned way into epoxy matrix. The results showed a significant increase in tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites as a function of the incorporated amount of thinner sisal fibers.


Mid-air interfaces enable rich 3D interactions and are inherently hygienic, but the technology is not yet ready for real-world public interfaces such as elevators, ATMs, and kiosks – one barrier to their adoption is the limited work on the accessibility of mid-air systems. To this end, we designed an interactive simulation of a contactless elevator simulation with mid-air touch feedback and comprehensive accessibility considerations. Despite being fully contactless, the controls are tactile and closely resemble the mental model of ordinary elevator buttons. Moreover, our demo features 1) mid-air haptics for conveying Braille information, 2) responsive button magnification to assist people with low vision, 3) intuitive gestures for opening or closing doors, and 4) audio feedback. Because many of the ideas and interactions in this demo can apply to other mid-air public interfaces, we hope to inspire more work on improving the accessibility of mid-air interfaces.


Fire is a natural process that both positively and negatively affects the environment humans live in every single day. A soil's physical characteristics can be altered from fire, resulting in effects such as degraded soil structure, inability for certain plants to regenerate, and production of hydrophobic layers. Researching the effects of fire on soil processes is important for communities with frequent forest fires or controlled burns to understand how to adapt to their altered ecosystems. Management of a community's soil after burns have occurred is crucial for successful ecological restoration and regeneration of vegetation. The objective was to determine the effect of fire on soil properties for two silt loam soil samples, in particular, carbon/nitrogen content, water infiltration capacity and water retention. Table of


Life on our planet is based on carbon and this life-sustaining element is essential in order to live, grow and reproduce. The cycling of carbon from the atmosphere, land and ocean into organisms, and back again needs to be in balance. If not, serious consequences, such as global climate disruption, may result. Benthic diatoms are main-contributors to the carbon cycle in coastal zones, and provide the basis of the marine food web and fix large amounts of the greenhouse gas CO₂. Understanding the function of benthic diatoms and their involvement in the carbon cycle will enhance our knowledge of ecosystems, and it will be important to predict effects of future environmental conditions (e.g. predicted sea level rise). Hence, the development of analytical methods to enable the study of carbon cycling in marine ecosystems in a detailed way is crucial. Is there a methodology to track the production and fate of carbon fixed by benthic diatoms in specific biochemical pools (e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids)? Are there seasonal changes that affect the physiology of diatoms by a different partitioning of fixed carbon between major biochemical pools? Do associated heterotrophic bacteria benefit from the organic matter released by the diatoms? Does the seasonal variation of diatom exudates play a role in shaping the composition of the community of the associated heterotrophic bacteria? These questions and others are addressed in this PhD thesis.


Combining with China's basic national conditions, the various forms and strong applicability economic model, as well as economic benefits and environmental benefits, were introduced during developing pilot demonstration of circular economy in China. China has great potential in developing circular economy were pointed out, because of the development of circular economy in China started late, and it lack of core technologies, and promotion and application of advanced new technologies, new techniques, new equipment lagged behind. The proposals that seize the opportunity to overall consider timing and means of China developing circular economy from pilot demonstration to full swing were put up.


Navigation accidents and disasters frequently occur when ships sail at sea owing to extreme weather, wind, and wave conditions. The disturbance of wind and waves affects the stability of the ship's course and makes the ship roll violently. Ships are usually equipped with an autopilot to control the course and a fin stabilizer to reduce rolling during navigation and improve stability and safety. Fin-rudder joint control system considers the coupling effect of the ship's horizontal plane motion, thereby improving the performance of the rudder and the fin stabilizer. This paper presents an improved linear-quadratic-regulator control algorithm. A rate control law with no static error is proposed based on the traditional linear-quadratic-regulator to eliminate the static error of the state vector and achieve a better control effect. Additionally, a closed-loop state observer is used to estimate the system's state vector, and a dynamic corrector is designed to reduce rolling and heading angle deviation caused by sea wave interference. The simulation results show that the designed fin-rudder joint controller with the improved linear-quadratic-regulator algorithm can achieve more than 80% roll reduction effect at level 3 and 5 sea states, and has better course keeping ability compared with the rudder control.


An ultrasonic process for the detoxification of carbon tetrachloride- (CCl{sub 4}{sup {minus}}) contaminated soil was investigated in the laboratory by using a batch irradiation reactor equipped with a 600-W ultrasonic power supply operated at a frequency of 20 kHz. Key parameters studied included soil characteristics, irradiation time, CCl{sub 4} concentration, steady-state operating temperature, applied ultrasonic-wave energy, and the ratio of soil to water in the system. The results of the experiments showed that (1) residual CCl{sub 4} concentrations could be decreased with longer irradiation periods and (2) detoxification efficiency was proportional to steady-state operating temperature and applied ultrasonic-wave energy. The characteristics of the contaminated soil were found to be an important factor in the design of an ultrasonic detoxification system. A soil-phase CCl{sub 4} concentration below 1 ppm (initial concentration of 56 ppm) was achieved through this process, indicating that the application of ultrasonic irradiation is feasible and effective in the detoxification of soil contaminated by organic compounds. On the basis of the experimental results, a schematic of a full-scale ultrasonic soil-detoxification system was developed. Improvements to this novel process are discussed.


* Supported by CIC (Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires) Abstract: This paper presents a new design tool (CALD) for logical circuit design. This system is shown to be powerful because of its relationship with an HDL language and thanks to a user friendly drawing interface which allows both automatic and manual connection drawing processes. The system is limited to circuit drawing generation while actual physical simulation is not considered. This paper carries out a comparative analysis of the CALD along with classic similar tools from the market, such as BLogic, EWB, Circuit Maker. The discussion is illustrated through Windows environment applications. The CALD is mainly an education-oriented tool; so synthesis oriented design systems such as Viewlogic, Orcad, Altera or Xilinx Foundation are not dealt with.


An ontology mapping method based on an existing mapping result was developed to improve both the precision and the recall of ontology maps.The system uses the previous mapping results as its background knowledge and then chooses a medium ontology by means of several heuristic approaches.The indirect mapping result from the medium ontology is then combined with the directed mapping results with optimization to revise the background knowledge for better results.Tests show that the method achieves 1.10% higher precision and 2.52% higher recall than the previous method.


This paper presents a part of the extensive study of the project Cyberbullying – A Diagnosis of the Situation in Portugal, which applied a questionnaire to 3,525 teenagers in the 6th, 8th and 11th schooling levels. In order to characterize cyberbullying, we have sought to contribute to the identification and interpretation of emotions experienced by the youngsters involved as victims or offenders in cyberbullying situations. The data reveal that sadness, desire for revenge, and fear are the most frequent emotions of the victims, while satisfaction, indifference and relief are those that the offenders experience the most. Data also reveal significant differences between the emotions experienced by victims and those that offenders attributed to them, which can be an indicator of the lack of empathy of the latter and thus requires the development of an emotional education of youngsters. Some significant differences have been found concerning schooling level, sex, school, and municipality, namely: a higher incidence of emotions such as sadness, fear, insecurity, and the desire for revenge among male victims; more feelings of insecurity, relief, confusion, and disorientation among young female offenders; emotions associated with impotence and lack of support experienced by youngsters in the role of victims, more in some schools than in others. These data lead us to reflect on how to take action to prevent cyberbullying.


We present a model for determining the mass ratio in interacting binaries by directly fitting the observed spectrum with synthetic spectra. We make direct use of NextGen model atmosphere intensities, which are the most comprehensive and detailed models available for cool stars. We fully take into account the varying temperature and gravity across the secondary star's photosphere, by incorporating the synthetic spectra into the secondary star's Roche geometry. As a result, we determine the exact rotationally broadened spectrum of the secondary star and so eliminate the need for a limb-darkening law, and the uncertainties associated with it.

As an example we determine the mass ratio for the well-studied soft X-ray transient Nova Sco 1994. In order to obtain a more accurate determination of the mass ratio, which does not depend on assumptions about the rotation profile and limb-darkening coefficients, we use our model to compute the exact rotationally broadened model spectrum, which we compare directly with the observed intermediate resolution spectrum of Nova Sco 1994. We determine the mass ratio of Nova Sco 1994 to be 0.419 ± 0.028 (90 per cent confidence), which is the most accurate determination of the binary mass ratio in an X-ray binary. This result, combined with the binary mass function and inclination angle, gives a refined black hole mass of 5.99 ± 0.42 M⊙ (90 per cent confidence). We also perform simulations which show that, for an F-type secondary star, the standard rotation profile with zero and continuum value for the line limb-darkening coefficient gives a value for q that brackets the value found using the full geometrical treatment.


Free space optics known as (FSO) is very popular now days this is because of increased demand for cheaper, faster and most important affordable internet. So many research scientists have taken the great interest in this field. FSO uses laser for transmitting data at the speed capable of reaching 2.5 Gbps through the air. And its systems use invisible infrared laser light wavelengths in the 780 nm to 1600 nm range. This article explains the FSO security, the transmission characteristics and also its challenges; although Free Space Optic systems can be a better solution for the needs of some broadband networking, there are limitations of bad climatic conditions that influence its performance such as fog, snow and too much rain can shut down the network. The performance of FSO is measured by Bit Error Rates (BER).


Technocrats as Head of the Block Team A Comment N S Jodha IN their article (December 19, 1970, pp 2041-47), Iqbal Narain and V P Gro- ver conclude rather boldly that, "the obsession with the generalist vs the specialist controversy carried into the sphere of Panchayati Raj seems to yield adverse results." The authors further assert that "the replacement of a generalist BDO [Block Development Officer] by a technocrat BDO may in the Indian context militate against the multi-dimensional approach to community development and may also worsen administrative problems without necessarily boosting production". However, a closer examination of the methods and material used by the authors indicate that their effort is an exercise in over-simplification and the conclusions drawn by them are unwarranted.


In this paper, the importance of soil moisture in the studies of climatic change and global change is described according to the development of soil moisture study, and in the light of the scientific background, two important scientific problems and present situation in these studies are reviewed. The results indicate that the absent of observational data is an important factor limiting the study of the relationship between soil moisture and related para meterization scheme is also one of the key project in climate model study.Finally, we have some probable perspectives and suggest a few problem in the study of soil moisture in future.


Inter-symbol/frame interference analysis is pre- sented for pulsed direct sequence (DS) and hybrid direct sequence time hopping (DS/TH) ultra-wideband (UWB) communications considering a frequency selective Nakagami fading channel. Following the analysis, error rate expressions are developed and performance comparison is presented for the systems. It is found that the performance of pulsed DS system may depend on pulse repetition rate (PRR), number of combined paths by Rake receiver and the channel profile in a kind of unpredictable man- ner. For low PRR, the DS system performs better than DS/TH irrespective of the channel profile. For medium to high PRR, DS and DS/TH systems may perform comparably in a channel with a single decaying profile. However, if the channel contains more than one decaying profiles like as in Saleh-Valenzuela model, the performance of DS may drastically degrade and perform worse than DS/TH at some values of PRRs. The performance of DS/TH is relatively less influenced by the shape of the channel profile. Theoretical results are verified by simulations.


The Turing test is an imitation game for determining the intelligence of an agent. In spite of its simplified setting, the use of natural language between two agents in the test is still too high a hurdle for achieving fruitful results in the field of artificial intelligence. In this paper, the authors propose a variation of the Turing test with a restricted communication method. This modified test uses behaviors generated by two-axis actuators for communication instead of the natural language dialogue used in the normal Turing test. This reduction of scope reveals what kinds of features are essential for an imitation game, and broaden the application brought by Turing test. When we learn what sorts of communication become possible with restricted actuation, we can apply this knowledge to any kind of robot or device in the real world. First, we tried to determine what elements are critical for communication between a user and a robot through a preliminary experiment involving human-human communication. A human manipulator received a video image as input and controlled a "robot box" with two actuators in a way that would lead a user to put other objects into the box. The results indicated what kinds of behavior are required to show the intention of the manipulator to the user. Second, we analyzed the result of the preliminary experiment, organized a behavioral model from the result, and programmed the robot box to run the model. The behavior of the robot was programmed according to the user's head and hand locations as identified by a motion captures system. The robot automatically interact with a human without human manipulation with this program. Third, we conducted a behavioral Turing test in a communication task whereby the human collected items according to the instructions of the robot box. In this test, two actuators on the box is controlled both by human manipulator and our program. The answers of users suggests that the users could not identify which is controlled by a human manipulator or the program. This result indicates that the Turing test succeed in a restricted behavioral level.


Objective To investigate the inducement and treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis. Methods The data of 42 patients with erythrodermic psoriasis were analyzed retrospectively. Results Erythrodermic psoriasis was recorded to be caused by multiple factors,incorrect use of corticosteroids and infection were the main ones. The total cure rate was 57.5% and excellence was 27.5%. Conclusion Enhancing health education to patients with psoriasis vulgaris could reduce the morbidity of erythrodermic psoriasis. Rational treatment for erythrodermic psoriasis could get satisfied results.


Disclosed is a polyethylene resin film which is formed from a resin composition that contains the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) described below. When the total of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) contained in the resin composition is taken as 100% by mass, the content of the component (A) is 18-40% by mass, the content of the component (B) is 55-77% by mass, and the content of the component (C) is 3-15% by mass. Component (A): an aliphatic polyester Component (B): an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer having a flow activation energy (Ea) of 45-100 kJ/mol Component (C): a compatibilizer for the component (A) and the component (B)


Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be precipitated by a wide variety of traumatic experiences, some of which involve acts that result in injury to the moral dimensions of the sufferer. PTSD caused by this underappreciated form of traumatic injury is less well understood and, thereby, less well treated in clinical contexts than are other varieties of PTSD. Part of what appears to explain this relative deficit in understanding and clinical intervention is that the recognition and treatment of such moral injury involves an expertise that many mental health practitioners either do not possess or are uncomfortable employing in clinical contexts. Some worry, for example, that the exploration of ethical and religious issues in clinical situations is outside of their scope of practice, or that religious and ethical beliefs are private matters whose entanglement in therapeutic contexts is perilous. There is, on the other hand, a growing awareness that neglecting these aspects of human experience does PTSD patients a great disservice, often relegating them to needless, lifelong suffering. Raising awareness of this issue, both inside and outside of the therapeutic arena, is one important way in which Christians can contribute both to the health of PTSD sufferers and to the wellbeing of the mental health profession itself.


A woman in her 20s, symptomatic since the age of 4 with short stature, hearing loss, skin hyperpigmentation and induration over the medial aspect of the thigh, hypertrichosis, histiocytes on biopsy, lymphadenopathy, dilated scleral vessels, pancreatic exocrine deficiency, pericardial thickening, swelling of the eyelids and resistant retroperitoneal fibrosis. Whole-genome sequencing showed a mutation in SLC29A3, confirming 'H'-syndrome. She is on steroids and methotrexate. This case highlights the rheumatological mimics of this rare disorder.


The paper presents results obtained by the developed in-house code based on the finite element (FE) method and applied to the solution of fluid-structure interaction problem in aeroelasticity of aerofoils. We consider flexibly supported aerofoil with three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) in two-dimensional (2D) incompressible viscous flow. The aerofoil vibration is described by nonlinear ordinary differential equations of motion for large vibration amplitudes. The flow is modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations for laminar flow or by the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for turbulent k -ω model. The flutter behaviour of the aerofoil is numerically simulated in time domain and the results for laminar and turbulent flows are compared.


Objectives: Ayurveda always emphasizes on utility of local flora in treatment. It also advices to know about the plant completely with respect to its identity, property and various therapeutic benefits inclu ing safety before prescribing it to a patient. the family Lauraceae is such a drug which is extra Gulimavu in Kannada which is endemic to Western Ghats and used very frequently by the folklore pra titioners to treat Asthma, Joint pain, Fracture and Ulcer, thus proper identification is very important. sults: The Pharmacognostical study will help to standardize its identification and some of the important diagnostic features of the leaf. Preliminary phytochemical studie phyto-constituents which helps in characterization of the drug. practitioners to get the genuine drug and best outcome in their practice.