The present work has aimed to determine the 16 US EPA priority PAH atmospheric particulate matter levels present in three sites around Salvador, Bahia: (i) Lapa bus station, strongly impacted by heavy-duty diesel vehicles; (ii) Aratu harbor, impacted by an intense movement of goods, and (iii) Bananeira village on Mare Island, a non vehicle-influenced site with activities such as handcraft work and fisheries. Results indicated that BbF (0.130-6.85 ng m-3) is the PAH with highest concentration in samples from Aratu harbor and Bananeira and CRY (0.075-6.85 ng m-3) presented higher concentrations at Lapa station. PAH sources from studied sites were mainly of anthropogenic origin such as gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles and diesel-fueled heavy-duty vehicles, discharges in the port, diesel burning from ships, dust ressuspension, indoor soot from cooking, and coal and wood combustion for energy production.


Xylitol is a naturally occurring five-carbon containing sugar alcohol. It has attracted a lot of attention in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and dental industries due to its high sweetening ability, anticariogenic properties and possibilities for use in insulin-dependent diabetics. Thus, the establishment of a simple and rapid method for the determination of xylitol with high selectivity and sensitivity is of great significance to people's health. In this article the studies of detection methods for xylitol in recent years are reviewed.


This paper studies the concept of prudence in view of the recent changes related to this accounting concept in The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (CF) prepared by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Accounting standards should be based on clear concepts that enable the understanding why individual standards are stipulated the way they are and allow establishment of new recognition and measurement practices not yet covered by standards. This paper contributes to the cognition of how important it is to clarify the concepts underlying the preparation of mandatory financial statements. The conclusions of the paper could be useful for regulators.The revised CF emphasizes ?cautious prudence? supposedly supporting neutrality and neglects conservatism or ?asymmetric prudence?. Firstly, this paper examines the stance of researchers towards the concept of prudence and reviews the results of some influential theoretical and empirical papers related to accounting conservatism, which is a term used in academic literature instead of the term prudence. Secondly, the effects of more or less conservative treatment on financial reports and usefulness of such information are analyzed based on hypothetical examples. Finally, the examples of how real companies treat development costs are used for the conclusions. The results of analyzed papers show that the most useful information is often information produced by conservative accounting system. Hypothetical examples illustrate how conservatism influences financial reports and real examples confirm the use of conservatism in practice. Therefore, CF as a foundation for development of individual standards should accept conservatism or ?asymmetric prudence? as important as neutrality.


Items are becoming more valuable and technology is changing expectations of customers and business . This paper analyzes current lost and found web applications and proposes design of lost and found web applications based on trusted third party (TTP) mod el for enhancing legitimacy and trust when dealing with lost and fou nd valuables. Research findings indicate that the issue of trust and legit imacy has not been addressed in existing applications.


A community evaluative cross-sectional study was undertaken from patients attending two selected dental clinics of Gurugram to record public awareness regarding Dental implants. The patients agreeing to participate in the interview, through predesigned and pre tested proformas were included. Patients were requested for using a closed ended dichotomized questionnaire by 140 patients during their exit from the clinics from 9 AM to 12 noon period. Since the average patient load in dental clinics were not too crowding; the total coverage of the sample was time consuming. While 63% did not have much information regarding dental implants which can be used to replace missing teeth; only 14% wanted more information regarding implants and 39% were attending the clinic to know about dental implants through dentist. The major difference between Dental Implant and Root Canal Treatment (RCT) was not clear to people.


Theories of positive youth development (PYD) regard such development as bases of both community contributions and lessened likelihood of risk/problem behaviors. Using data from the 4-H Study of PYD, we tested these expectations by examining if PYD in Grade 5 predicted both youth contributions and risk behaviors and depression in Grade 6. Results of random effects regression and SEM models indicated that, as expected, PYD in Grade 5 predicted higher youth contributions and lower risk behaviors and depression at Grade 6. There were significant sex differences for contribution (girls had higher scores) and for risk behaviors (boys had higher scores), but not for depression. In turn, the structural model fit was equivalent for boys and girls. Results are discussed in regard to promoting PYD to enhance successful development, or thriving, and to reduce problem behaviors.


Virtual live teletext broadcasting system in virtual studio plays a decisive role in the program broadcasting during the entire virtual studio programming.With practical experience of virtual studio,this article analyzes the Maestro features of ORAD virtual studio systems,necessary hardware and software for the running of Maestro and application and broadcasting of Maestro.


84 14alpha 17alpha-alkylidenedioxyprogesterone derivatives were synthesized usually from 14alpha 17alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone and tested for anticonceptional activity in the pregnancy delay test in rats the McPhail test in rabbits and the deciduoma weight test in rats for progestional activity. The derivatives were synthesized typically by treating the parent compound with aldehydes or ortho esters in an organic solvent such as diozane or CHC12 with an acid catalyst at room temperature then neutralizing with pyridine or sodium bicarbonate. SOME derivatives were made from 11beta 14alphy 17alpha-trihydroxypregnendione or 6alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-14alpha 17alpha-digydroxypregnenedione. Steric models suggested that the 13 dioxane ring is in the chair form with its substituent in equatorial position. Some of the most active compounds were ethylidene comparable to progesterone in activity para-halogen or para-nitro derivatives 6alpha-methyl derivatives 11beta-hydroxyl derivatives with probable corticoid activity and 3-enol ethers active orally. For no compound were the results correlated in the 3 biologic tests.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop quality innovation techniques specialized for the small and medium-sized businesses. which account for the majority of Korean companies, were having a hard time utilizing the widely recognized quality innovation techniques due to resource constraints.
Methods: First, we do review the existing Single PPM and 6 Sigma. And investigate the utilization of these methods including Toyota Production System. Second, we devised a four-step problem-solving methodology based on recent trends in quality innovation such as Simple, Speedy, and Smart. Third, we do survey on frequently used tools for quality innovation. Many opinion leaders including quality consultants and professors answered and gave us valuable comments about our selected quality tools. Finally, we do specify and map tools to each step of PASS.
Results: In 2017, 167 companies participated in the quality innovation support business for small businesses according to the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry. We conducted performance checks on 167 companies that had completed the "PASS" projects. For the purpose of evaluating improvement performance, the survey was carried out using a structured questionnaire during the field visit of these companies mentioned above. For the reference, 165 out of 167 companies (98.8 % response rate) responded to the questionnaire and conducted performance analysis based on it. According to the survey, 97.6 percent of the respondents were very satisfied with their overall satisfaction with the quality innovation support projects for small and medium sized enterprises in 2017. Also, 93.3 % of the respondents were satisfied with the results of level of the target achievement. As a result, 160 companies (97.0 % of the participating companies) hope to partic ipate in the quality improvement project using "PASS" once again.
Conclusion: In this paper, we introduce the new quality innovation methodology, which is named as 'PASS', It could support the long-range business plan of the small and medium-sized businesses to achieve total customer satisfaction resulting in increased market share and improved profit margin. The most small companies can use this "PASS" technique more easily, quickly and most efficiently than their existing known quality innovation techniques such as Six Sigma and Single PPM, etc.


The present article deals with the single product, serial manufacturing system with ten production stages in tandem. Various performance criteria such as fill rate, WIP, throughput, etc. have been included with production cost. Analysis has been made with the use of Poisson demand for a manufacturing line and a soft experimental model has been proposed. Some of just-in-time techniques have been compared in the discussed environment. Methodology of analytic hierarchy process with the mathematical framework underlying the eigenvector method has been described for the purpose of comparison and the optimal selection. Change in weight of parameters affects the final rankings of alternatives which is also included in this study through sensitivity analysis.


This paper presents the efficacy of PGPR (Azospirillum and Pseudomonas) and its modulation by salicylic acid. Two hybrids of sunflower (Hysun and Parsun) were inoculated with Azospirillum spp. and Pseudomonas spp. prior to sowing. Salt stress (20 dSm -1 ) was applied 28 d after sowing followed by foliar spray of salicylic acid (100 µM) after 4 h of salt treatment. Azospirillum and Pseudomonas inoculation alone and in combination with salicylic acid alleviated the effects of salt stress on both the sunflower hybrids. The salt tolerance in these treatments was mediated by an increase in relative water content, carotenoids, proline, ABA, induction of new polypeptide bands and yield of sunflower hybrids. In response to salt stress four new polypeptide bands were synthesized in both Hysun, whereas, a group of six polypeptide bands were observed in Parsun. Application of salicylic acid alone and in combination with Azospirillum found to induce four new polypeptide bands in Hysun and Parsun. It is inferred that synthesis of new proteins in response to the combined application of salicylic acid and Azospirillum under salt stress, may play an important role as stress proteins in tolerance of sunflower hybrids to salt stress.


Rudbeckia hirta L. is an ornamental plant of Asteraceae family, largely used in landscaping and prevention of soil erosion. The aim of the study was to extend the uses of this species, in relation to phenolic content. Two cultivars, 'Moreno' and 'Goldilocks', were studied. Height and plant diameter, number and diameter of inflorescences and total polyphenols content were registered related to cultivar, fertilisation and aerial organs of the plants. The chemical profile was established by TLC techniques (thin layer chromatography) and the total content of polyphenols was established by Folin– Ciocalteu method. A general spectrum of these compounds was assessed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography on a Thermo-Fischer UltiMate 3000 system. The results indicated that plants adapted well to local conditions and inflorescences could represent a source for these compounds in both cultivars (1,146g% and 0,8924g% for 'Goldilocks' and 'Moreno' respectively). Enriched soil conditions have significant increased the polyphenols in 'Moreno' flowers (0,8924g% and 1,801g% respectively). Chlorogenic acid and hyperoside were commonly met in Rudbeckia inflorescences.


This work presents an analysis of thermo-optic switching of novel heterogeneous silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide structures for tunable photonic devices. Structure design includes a heater over p+ side-doping ridge waveguide with 220 nmtimes24 mum silicon core. It provides quasi mono-mode switching due to strongly mode-dependent optical losses by free charge absorption.


Photocatalytic processes have attracted great attention because of its potential in solving many current environmental problems such as air and water pollution. In spite of considerable progress has been achieved, the studies in this field are still at the primary stage and further investigations to design new magnetically separable photocatalysts that are stable, green, and having high activity under visible-light irradiation are needed. In this work, method of ultrasonic irradiation is applied for preparation of Fe3O4/Ag3VO4, Fe3O4/AgI, and Fe3O4/AgBr nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques were employed to determine the structure, morphology, optical, and magnetic properties of the as prepared samples. The results demonstrated that weight ratio of Fe3O4 to Ag3VO4 (or AgI, AgBr) has remarkable influence on the photocatalytic activity. In the case of the first nanocomposites, the nanocomposite with1:4 weight ratio of Fe3O4 to Ag3VO4 has superior activity in degradation of RhB. Furthermore, the photocatalyst can be easily separated from the reaction system simply by applying an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the influence of preparation time, calcination temperature, and scavengers of the reactive species on the degradation activity was investigated in detail and the results were discussed.


The article proposes some ways for improving students writing skills while teaching Russian in Korean universities. One has to admit that existing...


The shadowing property is to find an exact solution to an iterated map that remains close to an approximate solution. In this article, using shadowing property, we show the stability of the following equation in normed group: , where , and is a mapping. And we prove that the even mapping which satisfies the above equation is quadratic and also the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation in Banach spaces.


Glasses with the composition 52.6 SiO 2 ·18.7 Al 2 O 3 ·14.3 MgO·7.7 TiO 2 ·4.7 B 2 O 3 ·2.0 CaO were crystallized using electrochemically induced nucleation at temperatures from 1200 to 1400 °C. The crystals grew with their fastest growing axis pointing away from the surface of the electrode. At the cathode, Ti 4+ is reduced to Ti 3+ , which was proved by EPR and UV—vis—NIR spectroscopy. The silicate network is also reduced to elemental silicon to a small extent and forms an alloy with the platinum cathode. The higher coordination number of Ti 3+ should lead to a drop in viscosity due to its role as a glass modifier and, hence, fully explains the nucleation. The orientations of three neighboring crystals were analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).


Regardless of the length of this paper, developed by reporting so many family vignettes, a large amount of personal information has been presented for understanding the reactions of parents who try to get their children treated.


In ecological evaluation of tour city,the key factors of tourism subsystem are chosen as well as the urban subsystems of ecological structure,ecological function and ecological co-ordination to calculate the complex indices of tour city and to recognize the key factors(index) of effecting ecological development of the city,which would order an foundation for ecological planning and ecological development.The method can be used for the comparison of ecological development of one city in different times as well as for the comparison of different cities at one time.The complex ecological evaluation of Guilin city from 1998 to 2005 showed that the ecological complex index of Guilin city is raising,the ecological condition is making better and the ecological development level is too rising.


Detection thresholds were determined for a noise band signal centered at 2500 Hz in the presence of four additional "cue" bands at 1500, 2000, 3000, and 3500 Hz. Contrary to the typical results of comodulation masking release (CMR), subjects were 6–12 dB more sensitive when the signal band's temporal envelope was uncorrelated with the four correlated cue bands than when all five of the bands were correlated. We refer to this difference in detectability as a comodulation detection difference (CDD). Interestingly, when none of the five bands was correlated, performance was essentially the same as when all five of the bands were correlated. The method was two‐interval forced choice. The signal and the cue bands were computer synthesized and were all 100 Hz wide. Different noise samples were presented within and across trials. Results will also be presented for CDD conditions in which different subsets of the four cue bands were correlated, in which the cue bands had different center frequencies, and in which...


In this study the mandibular distortion during mandibular movement was measured. The subjects were three females and one male. Two apatite implants were placed in a unilateral mandibular molar region at an interval of about 10 mm. The measuring apparatus consisted of a magnetic sensor attached to the medial implant and a magnet attached to the distal implant. The position of the distal implant relative to the medial implant during opening and protrusion of the mandible were measured six times every movement.At the maximum opening the position of the distal implant was deviated lingually in the range of 8 to 25 pm and at the maximum protrusion it was also deviated lingually in the range of 10 to 37 μm.These findings suggest that the stress concentration on the implant and surrounding bone is caused by mandibular distortion during mandibular movements if several superstructures of implants inserted in the mandibular molar region are connected firmly. In other words, it is important for the mandibular position at the impression and soldering operation procedure for the fabrication of the superstructure to decrease the stress.


PURPOSE
To investigate the safety of facemasks worn by patients during intravitreal injections.

METHODS
A prospective, qualitative, interventional study performed in a tertiary university hospital. Healthy volunteers were asked to wear three different professional surgical facemasks while air leaks around the eyes were monitored. Three types of masks were investigated: A) surgical facemask with 4 tying strips, B) surgical facemask with elastic ear loops, and C) 2200 N95 TB particulate facemask. For each session the periocular area was inspected for air leak during normal respiration, speech, and deep respiration. Detection of air leak was performed using two professional thermal cameras: FLIR A310 -thermal camera; and EyeCGas 2.0 -super sensitive infrared camera used for detection of minute fugitive emissions of industrial gases.

RESULTS
Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The experiment was repeated 45 times for each camera: three times, for each of three mask types, on five volunteers, for a total of 90 trials. Air jets were detected originating from the superior edges of the masks radiating towards the eyes in 81% (73/90) of cases in total; 71% (32/45) with the FLIR camera and 91% (41/45) with the OPGAL camera. Air leaks were detected with all investigated mask types.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients wearing facemasks during intravitreal injections may be at higher risk of endophthalmitis. Until further data is available, we recommend verifying proper facemask fitting and either taping the upper edges of the facemasks with medical adhesive tape or using adhesive surgical drape around the injected eye.


In this paper we give a mathematical analysis of some of the consequences, over time, of the decision to capitalize or to expense. Both regulated and unregulated firms are considered. It is shown that for a regulated firm, in contrast to an unregulated one, this decision does have an impact on the customers, who should rationally prefer either capitalization or expensing, depending on their discount rate. It is shown that the attitudes of rational owners will also depend on their discount rate. The point of view of the tax collector is also considered.


Botnets have contributed to the significant part of the increasing malicious activities such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), spam, and click fraud. Based on the analysis on the basic and essential characters of botnet, this paper deals with the botnet in two aspects: formal definition and general framework, covering various types of botnets overall. Through the formal definition and the general framework, the essential components of the botnet (i.e. botmaster, Command and Control mechanism, and bots) are described in detail and the features of the vital Command and Control (C&C) mechanism are augmented. The formal definition for botnet, to the best of our knowledge, is first proposed and the general framework, analyzed in some case studies, is not only helpful to interpret the existing botnets in the real world, but also beneficial to the implement of the potential botnets in the future.


The aim of this study is to quantify the proportion of students who have behavior postponement of compulsory surrender at the beginning of a college degree subjects , analyzing socio-demographic profile . The methodology is quantitative, through a longitudinal design . The results show that the behaviors associated with the postponement of surrender of activities generally occur in male students, who come from households with high educational capital average level, most do not have children and not working. These data indicate that procrastination behavior to inadequate time management are linked to the organization of academic tasks.


Shrimp (Acetes sp.) was mixed with salt in a ratio of 3:1 and allowed to ferment at room temperature (28-30°C). From the shrimp paste samples collected at the initial (1 day) and end (10 days) of fermentation, 85% ethanol extracts were prepared for their antioxidative assays. Both extracts exhibited high free radical scavenging property against 1,1 diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl and suppressed peroxidation of methyl linoleate initiated by 2,2′azobis 2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride. These antioxidative activities, however, did not change significantly during fermentation for 10 days, thus suggesting that the observed antioxidative activities could have mainly due to original antioxidants present in shrimp but not to its fermentative products. The salt-fermented shrimp samples contained large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids including EPA and DHA, although the polar lipids like phospholipids were hydrolyzed during fermentation to produce the corresponding amount of free fatty acids. In addition, free amino acids of the shrimp sample significantly increased during the fermentation and could be responsible for the unique flavor of salt-fermented shrimp paste. Since the salt-fermented shrimp paste was found to obtain potent antioxidative substances and large amount of EPA, DHA, and amino acids, it is expected to act as an effective antioxidant in our body and to be a good source of these nutrients.


Automated healing aims to reduce cost of network operations by automated fault diagnosis and rectification. This paper investigates the use of Packet Scheduling (PS) in automated healing. PS has been integrated into a previously proposed scheme of Statistical Learning Automated Healing (SLAH) for LTE. SLAH locally optimizes the Radio Resource Management (RRM) parameters of the faulty eNodeBs (eNBs). SLAH uses Logistic Regression (LoR) to extract the closed form relationship between the RRM parameters and the network measurements which are in the form of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). This paper uses PS in SLAH to achieve the required minimum coverage constraint on an eNB by coverage/capacity compromise. Similarly, if this minimum coverage requirement of an eNB is already satisfied, additional capacity gain for an eNB can be achieved. This enhanced SLAH methdology has been used to rectify faults due to excessive interference suffered by an eNB from its first tier neighbours. Simulation results of the case study done prove that this technique converges in few iterations.


Gyalrongic languages exhibit a series of non-trivial nasal-plosive (or approximant) correspondences, which so far lack an explanation. Some nasal consonants, mainly found in West Gyalrongic languages, correspond to plosives or approximants in their East Gyalrongic cognates. Long considered irregular, these correspondences have never been studied with the comparative method. This paper tackles these seeming correspondences and makes the first attempt to reconstruct them. I propose a series of voiceless nasals to account for their modern reflexes with various articulation manners, and analyse the plausibility of this reconstruction. I discuss the forms in question vis-à-vis their cognates in other Sino-Tibetan languages that exhibit a nasal. I also compare alternative solutions with the voiceless nasal hypothesis.


The crackpath prediction plays an essential role in the estimation of the final shape of broken solids and structures. Furthermore, the study of the crackpath in broken specimens renders the loading conditions just before fracture. Experiments on brittle materials, pre-cracked specimens of the same geometry, under similar loading conditions, occasionally resulted in different trajectories of the crack propagation. The already proposed theories for the prediction of the crackpath stability or instability are based on the perturbation method in combination with analytical and finite elements methods; however, they require the knowledge of the toughness equations. Therefore they can only be applied in specimens with uncomplicated geometry on straightforward loadings. In the present paper the problem of the crackpath stability or instability, is approached from a different viewpoint. The method of dealing with the problem using the estimation criterion is described. Using a finite element program the stress field is calculated and consequently a plotting program constructs the contours map of the strain energy density on the idealization geometry of the specimen or structure. The contours map recovers the stress field on the instance that the crack begins the unstable propagation. For the determination of the predicted trajectory of the crack propagation of the existing crack, the minimum of the strain energy density criterion (SED) is used. The forecasted trajectory appears with the drawing of the "gorge" on the contour map of the strain energy density. Based on the estimation criterion, which claims that the degree of stability is a function of the sharpness of the gorge plot, we can predict the degree of the crackpath stability. Therefore, this simple method offers a good reliability in the prediction of the crackpath stability for problems with complex geometry structures and random loadings. The above consideration offers a classification of the crackpath stability or instability in the following cases: (i) The predicted propagation crackpath is stable for symmetric geometry and loading (KII=0), and has the shape of a straight line or a curve outside its initial direction. (ii) The predicted propagation crackpath is unstable, and follows many discrete curves, including the straight line. In order to clarify the suggested prediction method, we apply it on DCB-type specimens, where a rich international theoretical and practical experience exists. The results on the crackpath stability presented in this work are in good agreement with experimental observations.


This paper summarizes recent excavations in Chalkidike. The ancient city of Mende has yielded evidence of houses and other structures, an archaic cemetery, and Mycenaean to late classical finds. At Polychrono (ancient Neapolis or Aige?) there are archaic and classical structures on terraces, and a cemetery with early infant burials. Three archaic–classical sanctuaries have also been found: (1) at Poseidi, a temple of Poseidon (identified from inscribed votives), robbed and reused in hellenistic and Roman times; (2) at Nea Roda-Sane, a temple to a female deity, with sculptures; and (3) at Parthenonas, a peak sanctuary of Zeus with evidence of animal sacrifice. The implications for Chalkidian relationships with other parts of the Greek world and for the strength of local culture are briefly examined.


Currently, there is a poor understanding of the effects of pressure related parameters (operating pressure, pressure fluctuations, and hydrostatic testings) on external stress corrosion crack propagation in pipelines in near-neutral-pH environments. A better definition of the role of these parameters on crack propagation is needed to aid in the prediction of crack growth rates on operating pipelines and to develop strategies to mitigate this form of cracking. The objective of the research described in this paper was to determine the roles and synergistic effects of operating pressure, pressure fluctuations, and hydrostatic testing on crack growth in line pipe steels in a near-neutral-pH SCC environment. All testing was performed on one X-65 line pipe steel in a near-neutral-pH cracking environment, designated NS4. Fatigue precracked compact-type specimens of the line pipe steel were cyclically loaded while immersed in the cracking environment. The desired loading regime was applied using a servo-hydraulic tensile testing machine. Crack growth was monitored using the electric potential drop technique. The loading conditions applied to the specimen were related to field conditions using the J-integral parameter. It was found that the prior load history applied to the specimens had a significant effect on crack growth behavior. Overloading inhibited crackmore » growth while unloading stimulated crack growth. Hydrostatic testing, which combines overloading and unloading, caused some crack extension but reduced the crack velocity.« less


On the basis of an elastic body approximation, the frequency spectrum is derived for the small particle having a relaxed surface layer. Three quantities-the maximum angular momentum and two maximum eigenfrequencies defined for the spheroidal mode and the torsional mode-are introduced to reflect the atomicity of a real lattice structure. The calculated frequency spectrum for a small Ar particle is in good agreement with that obtained by the molecular dynamical method. The size dependence of the frequency spectrum shows that the relative importance of the surface modes to the inner modes becomes large as the particle size decreases. The surface relaxation effect changes the peak positions of the frequency spectrum derived for the small particle without a relaxed surface layer. The present treatment is applicable to a small particle having a considerable number of atoms, more than 1000.


In this paper, a methodology is developed to analyze how ambient and wake turbulence affects the power generation of a single wind turbine within an array of turbines. Using monitoring data from a wind power plant, we selected two sets of wind and power data for turbines on the edge of the wind plant that resemble (i) an out-of-wake scenario (i.e., when the turbine directly faces incoming winds) and (ii) an in-wake scenario (i.e., when the turbine is under the wake of other turbines). For each set of data, two surrogate models were then developed to represent the turbine power generation (i) as a function of the wind speed; and (ii) as a function of the wind speed and turbulence intensity. Support vector regression was adopted for the development of the surrogate models. Three types of uncertainties in the turbine power generation were also investigated: (i) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the published/reported power curve, (ii) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the estimated power response that accounts for only mean wind speed; and (iii) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the estimated power response that accounts for both mean wind speed andmore » turbulence intensity. Results show that (i) under the same wind conditions, the turbine generates different power between the in-wake and out-of-wake scenarios, (ii) a turbine generally produces more power under the in-wake scenario than under the out-of-wake scenario, (iii) the power generation is sensitive to turbulence intensity even when the wind speed is greater than the turbine rated speed, and (iv) there is relatively more uncertainty in the power generation under the in-wake scenario than under the out-of-wake scenario.« less


We describe a family of circular, and elliptical, finite disks with a disk potential that is a power of the radius. These are all flattened ellipsoids, obtained by squashing finite spheres with a power-law density distribution, and cutoff at some radius Ro. First we discuss circular disks whose circular rotation speed v is proportional to r^alpha, with any alpha> -1/2. The surface-density of the disks is expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions of 1-(Ro/r)^2.
We give closed expressions for the full 3-D potentials in terms of hypergeometric functions of two variables. We express the potential and acceleration in the plane at r>Ro, and along the rotation axis, in terms of simple hypergeometric functions. All the multipoles of the disk are given. We then generalize to non-axisymmetric disks. The potential in the midplane is given in terms of the hypergeometric function of two variables. For integer values of 2 alpha the above quantities are given in more elementary terms. All these results follow straightforwardly from formulae we derive for the general, cutoff, power-law, triaxial ellipsoid.


A memory and a method of correcting and detecting an error in a codeword of a memory are presented. The method includes detection and correction of an error in a bit of the codeword by an error deception and correction engine, storing error correction information of the error in a cache. In the second detection of the same error in the same bit the correction of the error is done based on the stored error correction information.


Taking its cue from Jakobson's model of the communication process, this article develops a model of middlebrow communication about literature. The possibilities of this model are illustrated by the analysis of a series of lectures on modern European literature that was broadcast on Belgian radio in 1936.


Using quantitative analysis method,this paper analyzes the relationship between corporate performances and financing structures of listed companies in real estate industry(2004-2008)by establishing regression model. The results indicates that there is an obvious positive correlation between corporate performances of listed companies in real estate industry and their long-term bank credit financing rate as well as financial financing rate. It also shows that there is a negative correlation between corporate performances of those companies and their equity financing rate. A list of independent variables with influence on the independent variable (return on assets) in a descending order is: financial financing rate,long-term bank credit financing rate,equity financing rate,commercial credit financing rate,short-term bank credit financing rate,internal financing rate as well as bond financing rate.


The aim of this essay is to underline the fact that the process of achieving single market integration is very likely to influence the regulation of industrial conflict. In this perspective, the Commission v France judgment is analysed, in which the ECJ—through a combined interpretation of Article 30 (now 28) and Article 5 (now 10) of the Treaty—states that a Member State is obliged to adopt all 'appropriate measures' to remove any 'obstacles' impeding the free circulation of goods caused by private persons. A new Regulation (n. 2679/98) has followed the ECJ decision, instituting a system of notification of such obstacles arising, or the threat of them, and the right of the Commission to demand a formal reply from a State on whether it has taken, or will be taking the necessary and proportionate measures.

The analysis of the principles adopted by the ECJ and of the Regulation shows that, at Community level, pressure is exerted on States to prevent the exercise of collective action as effectively as possible, if this damages inter-State trade. A transnational limit on industrial conflict thus emerges in the Community order, which may well affect the equilibria of national industrial relations in various ways.


BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common conditions affecting the jaws with a prevalence rate ranging between 28%-88%. Finding a link between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology and the prevalence of TMDs may aid in the early identification and treatment of these disorders. Study objective: The aim of this study was to correlate between clinical and radiographic findings of TMDs using panoramic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients complaining of TMDs, who had been categorized into three groups based on Helkimo clinical dysfunction index: mild, moderate and severe TMD. Panoramic radiographs were taken for all patients to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy in TMD patients. RESULTS: A sample of 30 patients (24 females and 6 males) were included in the current study. There were statistically significant differences in linear measurements between the three TMD groups (mild, moderate and severe), but no statistically significant differences were detected in the angular measurements. CONCLUSION: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that some panoramic parameters provide valuable information that can aid clinicians in formulating proper treatment and follow up plans for TMD patients.


The present invention relates to novel micro-nutritional compositions for the prevention and the basic treatment of many so-called degenerative diseases thanks to interbalanced contributions of polyunsaturated fatty acids essentially of the cervonic acid (or Docosahexaenoic acid or DHA of formula C22: 6 (n-3)), essential trace elements, vitamins and possibly amino acids.


This chapter concerns materials for expendable and reusable launch vehicle (LV) structures. An emphasis is placed on applications and design requirements, and how these requirements are met by the optimum choice of materials. Structural analysis and qualification strategies, which cannot be separated from the materials selection process, are described.


THE Connaught Hospital (Army Chest Centre) receives cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from the Army all over the world, and the. patients comprise Regular and National Service soldiers as well as their wives and members of the Women's Forces. Children under 18 years of.'age, however, are not admitted. Approximately.one-half of the cases admitted are transferred for completion of treatment to civilian sanatoria. The other half are retained at the Connaught Hospital. ' This .paper is a general account of the surgical work carried out here for pulmonary tuberculosis. A more detailed report on the results of lung resection 'at this centre is being prepared. In the Army Chest Centre a plan of treatment is prepared for all patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Two factors apply to' every case, namely:


Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) is among the most valued fruits and flowering plants in eastern Asia. However, few comparative studies have been conducted with respect to its agro-morphological and pomological traits, chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and plastid diversity. Therefore, a comparative study was, conducted to investigate the divergence and geographic distribution of ten Japanese apricot accessions from three Chinese provinces (Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Sichuan). Phenotypic characteristics of the evaluated accessions, such as leaf length, tip leaf length, flower diameter, anther number, fruit weight, longitudinal height, transversal height, lateral height, fruit stone weight, stone longitudinal height, stone transversal height, stone lateral heigh, titratable acid content and total soluble solids, varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the ten investigated accessions. On the other hand, most of the investigated accessions were statistically similar within the same province. Comparing the Cp genomes of P. mume accessions with those of the genus Prunus revealed a similarity in structure and composition with slight differences. "Bayes empirical Bayes" (BEB) analysis in Prunus species, including P. mume, revealed BEB in rps16, rps3, rpoC1(4*), rpl32, rpl16, rbcL, psbF, petB, ndhF, clpP and ccsA genes. The BEB value of the rpoC1 gene is higher than 0.95, indicating that it is potentially under positive selection. Interestingly, the accessions from the same province of origin had the same number of forward repeat sequences. Furthermore, all accessions from Zhejiang province had the same number of simple sequence repeats. Similarly, nucleotide deletion/insertion of the ycf1 sequence and the results of phylogenetic trees revealed that accessions were mainly clustered according to their province of origin. Our comparative study of agronomical traits, chloroplast composition, structure, nucleotide variability of cp genome and phylogeography in Japanese apricot accessions provides valuable information on their diversity and geographic distribution.


DDT, heptachlor, and malathion emulsions at 1, 3, and 6 pounds of technical material per surface acre were used in tests for the control of mosquito larvae in log ponds in the general vicinity of Corvallis, Oreg. Protection against reinfestation ranged from 3 to 6 weeks for DDT, 5 to 10 weeks for heptachlor, and 2 to 6 weeks for malathion. Culex pipiens L. was the dominant species in ponds in June and July; C. stigmatosoma Dyar predominated in August, September, and October. Except in the cooler months from October through May, Culex tarsalis Coq., C. territans Walker, and Culiseta incidens (Thompson) were represented by relatively small percentages.


The relevance of considering and analyzing financial stability and competitive immunity at the meso-level in modern conditions is increasing due to changes in the state of both the economic and social spheres. It was found that the "competitive immunity of the territory" reflects a number of new characteristics of modern territorial-regional-interregional competition in the global economy, which distinguishes it from the concept of economic security both at the macro and meso levels. The paper considers the category of "competitive immunity of the region", which implies the possibility of survival of the peripheral territories of the regions of Ukraine and maintaining their high level of competitiveness. In accordance with the accepted concept of competitive immunity, three problemarea blocks were identified: information-digital approach; information and digital technologies; cost and reputation management, which include objects of managerial influence necessary to evaluate the transition of competitive immunity to sustainable functioning. The main aspect in the study of the financial stability of the local regional budgets as an integral part of the competitive immunity of the region was the search for criteria and the development of a methodology for evaluating efficiency. The following performance indicators of local budgets were used: budget revenues; budget spending; intergovernmental transfers from the state budget; tax revenues; the amount of equalization subsidies; non-tax revenues; average population. An applied study of the methodology for assessing the financial sustainability of the budget as an object of managerial influence at the local level was carried out on the example of selected indicators of local budgets of all regions of Ukraine for 2018-2020. The calculation of the selected indicators was made on the basis of statistical data on the local budgets implementation, reports and decisions of regional councils on the regional budget. The distribution of the initial data set into clusters was analyzed with help of the Deductor business analytical platform, using the k-means clustering algorithm and Kohonen maps. Based on the results of the k-means algorithm, it was found that it is advisable to divide the sample for classifying regions into three groups. To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of the results obtained, as well as to supplement the analysis of the financial stability of the regions of Ukraine, Kohonen maps were used using the Deductor business analytical platform. It was revealed that both methods allow efficient clustering of data in a multidimensional space. The results of clustering obtained by different methods are consistent with each other and, when applied in a complex manner, make it possible to classify the elements of the sample with maximum likelihood and minimum error. The regions of Ukraine were grouped according to the financial stability of the local budget into three groups: regions with high financial stability, regions with medium financial stability and regions with low financial stability. The correct interpretation of the results obtained through a comprehensive analysis of financial stability in relation to the local budget using clustering or using neural networks allows not only to analyze the obtained values, but to compare them with the standard and conduct a comparative analysis relative to other regions, identify the influence of factors on the change in the integral indicator, give a predictive assessment for the future and justify the chosen strategy for strengthening competitive immunity for a particular region.


The paper aims to analyse the goals, the development and the consequences of the conference organized at the Faculty of Architecture of Turin by the "committee of assistants", with the support of colleagues and students from the humanities and scientific faculties too. With invited guests such as Archigram, Architecture Principe, Utopia, Yona Freedman, Archizoom, Paolo Soleri and Aldo Giurgola, participants in the debate such as Gianni Vattimo, Carlo Olmo, Gian Mario Bravo, Aimaro Isola, the two dense days scrupulously documented in minutes published by the magazine "Marcatre", provide a glimpse of the euphoric atmosphere and, in the meantime, of the uncertainty surrounding the social and political role of the project. In the speeches of the guests peep out themes such as the incipient ecological crisis, the overt crisis of the capitalist western city, the entrance of the "other" disciplines, the contamination with the North American laic project. From the presentations and the deriving debate emerge all the contradictions of the political confrontation and the professional scene, even harsh comparisons on the use of ideology that are explained by the successive paths of the protagonists: from autonomous careers in liminal fields such as design, to theoretical, to the communication of the architecture, up, in some cases, to the adhesion to the armed struggle that would soon have inflamed the country and somehow interrupted the growth of the debate. In this sense, the testimonies of some of the participants who wanted to return to the event are significant, proposing an evaluation fifty years later.


A novel process of ethane recovery from natural gas with cryogenic energy of liquefied natural gas(LNG)is developed.The recovery efficiency of ethane is 96.6%.Energy efficiency analysis and exergy analysis have been carried out,the results show that energy efficiency of the process is 58.7%,and exergy efficiency of daily fire use of the process is 91.0%.Compared to the electric refrigeration process,the electricity-saving efficiency is 90.5%.In addition,the process has been analyzed by the fire energy utilization diagram analysis,and the operational units with large exergy loss has been identified.The analytical results could be used for the exergy efficiency improvement of the operational units and the optimization of the whole process is thus based.


In this work, infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the degree of double bonds conversion (DC) in six series of poly(urethane-dimethacrylate)s, derived from dicarbamates of oligoethylene glycols monomethacrylates and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates. To evaluate the degree of conversion in polymers devoid of aromatic moieties, two methods of calculation have been proposed: internal band ratio method, with carbonyl stretching vibrations as a standard, and a method involving the direct observation of the decrease in the intensity of CC stretching band. The validity of these methods has been checked on polymers with aromatic structures, by comparing the results with those obtained by the internal band ratio method applying an aromatic band as a reference. A good correlation between the degree of conversion from two internal standard methods, using aromatic band and carbonyl band as references, was obtained. It was shown that the degree of conversion increases as the number of oxyethylene units increases. Polymerization of monomers with aliphatic cores resulted in higher DC values, while those with cycloaliphatic and aromatic cores—resulted in lower DC values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


Microglia protect the brain from an intranasal VSV infection by cross-presenting neuronal antigen to antiviral CD8+ T cells. Safeguarding the sense of smell Given the proximity of the olfactory bulb to the upper airways, it is surprising that viruses that infect the upper airways, including influenza, rarely infect the brain. In mice, intranasal infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) does result in infection of sensory neurons in the olfactory bulb. Using VSV that expresses a fluorescent reporter, Moseman et al. examined the ability of VSV to infect distinct cell types within olfactory bulb. Although VSV infection was restricted to neurons within the olfactory bulb, they found that microglial cells that were not infected by VSV to be the key in priming T cell responses that promoted viral clearance. The neuroepithelium is a nasal barrier surface populated by olfactory sensory neurons that detect odorants in the airway and convey this information directly to the brain via axon fibers. This barrier surface is especially vulnerable to infection, yet respiratory infections rarely cause fatal encephalitis, suggesting a highly evolved immunological defense. Here, using a mouse model, we sought to understand the mechanism by which innate and adaptive immune cells thwart neuroinvasion by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a potentially lethal virus that uses olfactory sensory neurons to enter the brain after nasal infection. Fate-mapping studies demonstrated that infected central nervous system (CNS) neurons were cleared noncytolytically, yet specific deletion of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) from these neurons unexpectedly had no effect on viral control. Intravital imaging studies of calcium signaling in virus-specific CD8+ T cells revealed instead that brain-resident microglia were the relevant source of viral peptide–MHC I complexes. Microglia were not infected by the virus but were found to cross-present antigen after acquisition from adjacent neurons. Microglia depletion interfered with T cell calcium signaling and antiviral control in the brain after nasal infection. Collectively, these data demonstrate that microglia provide a front-line defense against a neuroinvasive nasal infection by cross-presenting antigen to antiviral T cells that noncytolytically cleanse neurons. Disruptions in this innate defense likely render the brain susceptible to neurotropic viruses like VSV that attempt to enter the CNS via the nose.


Abstract Exposure of copper in corrosive environment is possible way, how to obtain artificial patina. Various solutions based on chloride, ammonia or polysulfide are commonly use in this purpose. Furthermore, it appears that the patina is also formed in an environment with an increased concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere. This procedure was tested in a small (30 l) exposure chamber, where the aggressiveness of the environment was monitored and where the effect of alternating the condensation and drying phases was shown to be positive. Based on this experiment, a 2 m3 pilot chamber was designed for which a water film sensor was developed and tested to ensure drying of the object surface. Monitoring of the aggressiveness of the environment showed that the pH and SO2 concentrations in the atmosphere are stable after approximately 5 hours and the ideal input SO2 concentration is 17.7 g m-3 at which the pH stabilizes at 2.7-3. By recording the voltage variation on the sensor, it was possible to monitor the formation and drying of the water film during the cycling of the condensation and drying phases.


Dendritic spines are filled with a very dense actin cytoskeleton. However, due to their small size, the impact of this mesh on biophysical parameters has not been studied so far, and it remains unclear to what extent it might affect ion flow in dendritic spines. Only recently has the three-dimensional internal structure of dendritic spines been quantified in great detail in electron microscopic tomography data. Based on these results, we estimate the effect of the spine actin cytoskeleton on diffusion and permittivity. We apply a method called homogenization to estimate effective diffusion tensors and permittivity tensors in Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations. We find that the volume taken up by the intracellular structure alone cannot explain the changes in these biophysical parameters. The characteristic architecture of the intracellular space in dendritic spines will reduce the diffusion of ions by 33% to 46% and the permittivity by 30% to 42%, compared to values found for the cytosol free of intracellular structures. These results can be used to improve computational studies using PNP equations and help to better interpret experimental results of electrical and chemical compartmentalization.


A user identifies an area of a digital canvas. Color gradients are determined based on a corresponding area on a reference. Brush strokes are applied in the area of the digital canvas, the brush strokes having trajectories based on the color gradients.


Directivities, spectra, and thresholds of laser modes of an equilateral triangular active microcavity with a piercing hole are calculated numerically solving the Lasing Eigenvalue Problem on the basis of the set of Muller boundary integral equations. An effective Nyström approximation is used. The computational experiments demonstrate that a hole located at certain place and having suitable radius can lead to a notable growth of the directivity of the lasing emission with the conservation of the low thresholds.


Numerical investigations of wind induced internal and external pressure load on a single cooling tower shell are presented in this paper. For this purpose, a three dimensional unstructured finite element flow solver is used in this paper. As a case study, numerical solution of wind flow around a natural draft cooling tower in the KAZERUN power station in south part of IRAN is presented. Particular attention is paid on the effect of modeling internal flow on external pressure field of the cooling tower. Conclusions are made using the comparison between computed pressure loads on external surface of cooling tower and the suggestions of the German guideline for cooling tower design (VGB). The computed results are presented in terms of color coded maps of pressure and velocity fields as well as velocity vectors on cooling tower surface and some sections.


Assessment informs teachers and learners as it helps outline the interactive relationships between different factors in students' learning processes and provides feedback to facilitate subsequent learning (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). Based on Bandura's social cognitive theory, Welk (1999) identified four determinants towards physical activity behaviour, namely enabling factors, predisposing factors, reinforcing factors and personal demographics, in shaping the answers of two vital questions for children: Is it worth it? and Am I able? The more positive the answers, the more likely children are to enjoy and engage in sports. Likewise, this approach can be applied to the analysis of students' learning behaviour. Enabling factors are existing factors which facilitate the student's later learning. For the English as a foreign language learner, the amount of lexical and grammatical knowledge is an example of an enabling factor that supports the person's reading comprehension (Aryadoust & Baghaei, 2016). Predisposing factors include the learner's espoused value, goal orientation, learning motivation, academic self-efficacy, expectancy and attributional beliefs. Reinforcing factors are encouragement and support from significant others in context, including teachers, peers and parents, and leadership from the school principal. Assessment in various forms is necessary to understand the dynamics of these four determinants and to generate feedback in support of further learning. However, in order to realise the full potential of assessment for learning (Assessment Reform Group, 1999), research found that teacher professional development; students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and engagement with the feedback process; assessment design; and school contexts, including leadership and culture are all necessary for effective implementation (Heitink, Van der Kleij, Veldkamp, Schildkamp, & Kippers, 2016). The 10 articles of the current issue, all of which concern educational assessment with the intention of strengthening the positive effects brought about by some determinants, help inspire educators to encourage students to think that learning is worthwhile, and to believe that I can learn competently. Assessment needs effective tools. An alternative form of the Defence Mechanism Inventory designed by Zhang (2016), the validated structure of test anxiety predictors based on control-value theory proposed by Ringeisen, Raufelder, Schnell, and Rohrmann (2016) and the International Baccalaureate Learner Profile questionnaire developed and validated by Walker, Lee, and Bryant (2016) are readily available for assessing the psychology and factors affecting learning. With a strong emphasis on the practical and empirical side, other authors contributed by researching the enabling, predisposing and demographic factors of learning. Skills is a major enabling factor in learning. By comparing the assessment results done by computer-based Coh-Metrix and human raters on a group of ESL university students, the development of students' paragraph writing skills was found to be related to the linguistic features of their written texts (Aryadoust, 2016). An assessment of accounting students found that both learners' ability and the complexity of the learning material should be taken into account when carrying out segmentation or element isolation to reduce the complexity of problem-solving tasks to assist students (Blayney, Kalyuga, & Sweller, 2016). In a study administered with some upper-secondary test-takers in Sweden (Stenlund, Sundström, & Jonsson, 2016), practice testing with short-answer items was shown to be more beneficial to students' learning and long-term memory. These three studies imply that assessment design as well as students' academic skills can be enhanced to consolidate the enabling factors. Predisposing factors, such as self-perceptions of ability, increase students' likelihood of engaging in learning. Some articles in this issue focus on how test anxiety and coping affect students' academic performance and academic achievement, with demographic factors exerting some influence on the


ASCA Observations of the Temperature and Metal Distribution in the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies H. Ezawa, Y. Fukazawa, M. Hirayama, H. Honda, 4 T. Kamae, K. Kikuchi, Large-scale distributions of hot-gas temperature and Fe abundance in the Perseus cluster have been studied with multi-pointing observations by the GIS instrument on ASCA. Within a radius of 20′ from the cluster center, the energy spectra requires two temperature components, in which the cool component indicates kT ∼ 2 keV and the hot-component temperature shows a significant decline from about 8 keV to 6 keV toward the center. In the outer region of the cluster, the temperature shows a fluctuation with an amplitude of about 2 keV and suggest that a western region at ∼ 16′ from the cluster center is relatively hotter. As for the Fe abundance, a significant decline with radius is detected from 0.44 solar at the center to ∼ 0.1 solar at a 50′ offset region. If observed Fe-K line intensity within 4′ from the center is suppressed by a factor of 2 due to the resonance scattering effect, the corrected Fe mass density follows the galaxy distribution. Finally, our results do not support the large-scale velocity gradients previously reported from the same GIS data. galaxies:abundance — galaxies:clusters: individual (Perseus) — intergalactic medium — X-rays:galaxies headings Introduction The distributions of temperature and metal abundance in the intracluster medium (ICM, hereafter) effectively constrain the evolutionary history of clusters of galaxies. Significant temperature structures have been detected with the ASCA for a number of clusters, some of which show regular X-ray morphologies (see e.g. Markevitch et al. 1998, Watanabe et al. 1999, Churazov et al. 1999, Furusho et al. 2000). This indicates that the temperature features are the most effective tool in detecting the past occurrence of subcluster mergers. Metal distribution, on the other hand, tells us the injection mechanism from galaxies and how much the ICM has been mixed. ASCA brings us the first capability to map out the ICM with suitable energy range (0.7–10 keV) and with enough energy resolution (Tanaka et al. 1994). Most of the clusters for which temperature and metal distributions were reported have been covered in a single GIS field, therefore the objects had to be somewhat distant and internal structures were not well resolved. For very near-by clusters, mapping observations are inevitably needed and the process of data analysis becomes complicated because of the response function of the X-ray telescope (XRT). The results reported in this paper are based on multi-pointing observations of the Perseus cluster with ASCA. Perseus cluster is the brightest cluster of galaxies with a large angular extent (2◦ in diameter) and also the strongest iron-line emitter in the X-ray sky. Observational study of the temperature and metal distribution has a long history. Spacelab 2 (Ponman, et al. 1990) and Spartan 1 (Kowalski et al. 1993) showed that the ICM temperature was mostly uniform but a significant concentration of Fe around 1 solar is present toward the cluster center. These instruments relied on an arithmetical reconstruction of the image from the scanning or coded-mask data. BBXRT observation showed almost constant Fe abundance at ∼ 0.5 solar in the central 10′ region (Arnaud et al. 1992). The Beppo SAX data showed the abundance distribution within a radius of 20′ (De Grandi, Molendi 2000) and indicated a reduction of the Fe abundance within 4′ from the cluster center due to a "resonance scattering" of Fe-Kα line (Molendi et al. 1998). This interpretation was however questioned by Dupke and Arnaud (1999). The surface brightness distribution to a radius of 80′ was studied by Schwarz et al. (1992) and Ettori et al. (1998) based on the ROSAT PSPC data, and an excess emission over a symmetric β-model profile is found at 20′− 40′ in the east. This feature suggested a merging subcluster. An earlier ASCA observation indicated a high temperature region with kT ∼ 10 keV at about 20′ in the north (Arnaud et al. 1994). The detailed X-ray morphology around the central galaxy NGC1275 hosting the radio source 3C 84 was studied by ROSAT HRI (Böhringer et al. 1993; Churazov et al. 2000) and most recently by the Chandra observatory (Fabian et al. 2000). Dupke and Bregman (2001) recently reported the velocity gradient in the ICM by 1000 km s−1 based on the same GIS data. This paper reports ASCA results on the large scale distributions of temperature and metal abundance based on multi-pointing observations. An H0 = 50 km s−1 Mpc−1 and q0 = 0.5 is employed, giving 31.5 kpc per 1′ at the Perseus cluster, and a number fraction of Fe/H = 4.68× 10−5 (Anders, Grevesse 1989) is used as the 1 solar Fe abundance. Observations and Analysis ASCA observations of the Perseus cluster have been performed with a total


Recently, Fici, Restivo, Silva, and Zamboni defined a $k$-anti-power to be a word of the form $w_1w_2\cdots w_k$, where $w_1,w_2,\ldots,w_k$ are distinct words of the same length. They defined $AP(x,k)$ to be the set of all positive integers $m$ such that the prefix of length $km$ of the word $x$ is a $k$-anti-power. Let ${\bf t}$ denote the Thue-Morse word, and let $\mathcal F(k)=AP({\bf t},k)\cap(2\mathbb Z^+-1)$. For $k\geq 3$, $\gamma(k)=\min(\mathcal F(k))$ and $\Gamma(k)=\max((2\mathbb Z^+-1)\setminus\mathcal F(k))$ are well-defined odd positive integers. Fici et al. speculated that $\gamma(k)$ grows linearly in $k$. We prove that this is indeed the case by showing that $1/2\leq\displaystyle{\liminf_{k\to\infty}}(\gamma(k)/k)\leq 9/10$ and $1\leq\displaystyle{\limsup_{k\to\infty}}(\gamma(k)/k)\leq 3/2$. In addition, we prove that $\displaystyle{\liminf_{k\to\infty}}(\Gamma(k)/k)=3/2$ and $\displaystyle{\limsup_{k\to\infty}}(\Gamma(k)/k)=3$.


Abstract The sawfly genus Barilochia Malaise (Pergidae: Perreyiinae) was known from a single specimen of one species, B. brunneovirens Malaise, from San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. A second species from Chile, B. longivalvula, n. sp., is described and illustrated. A male of Barilochia is described for the first time. The possible host plant is Nothofagus dombeyi (Coihue) (Nothofagaceae).


We introduce an operator D(�,q) giving a connection with Hq- semiclassical orthogonal polynomials and we investigate it to characterize a well known symmetric (MOPS) related to the Wall's one, us the unique D(�,q)- Appell classical. This (MOPS) is also H p q -semiclassical of class one. The moments and integral representation of the corresponding linear form are given.


China is a seismic country, which not only has its own features of high intensity and frequency but also has a wide range of distribution .The bridge, as the transportation hub engineering of lifeline,will endanger people's safety of life and cause huge economic losses ,and meanwhile hinder the relief and reconstruction in disaster area once damaged in the earthquake. Based on the documents of bridge seismic reinforcement methods from home and abroad, a preliminary research and analysis are conducted and the basic structure of the form and corresponding seismic reinforcement methods of the current city bridge are summarized, moreover, the preliminary induction and analysis are also carried on.The study will have important significance to existing bridge seismic reinforcement methods , as well to the reasonable seismic design and seismic construction measures of the newly built bridge.


Nutritional factors like proteins, carotenoids, polyphenols, total flavonoids, reducing sugar, total sugar, starch, ascorbic acid analysed from six wild vegetables. These factors were analysed by different methods. It was observed that leaves of Clerodendrum serratum contain higher protein, carotenoids, total polyphenols, total flavonoids and ascorbic acid as compared to other studied wild plants. Leaves of Cassia obtusifolia contain high amount of starch.


Based on the response of well water level to tide stress, the authors analyzed the response of well aquifer to stress variation during the process of earthquake preparation. While the instantaneous stress variation of aquifer is more than the critical value, the change pattern of water level anomaly is leap. If the instantaneous stress variation of aquifer is less than the critical value, but accumulation of stress variation of aquifer is more than the critical value in the course of time, water level anomaly is gentle. However, decline or rise of water level anomaly depends on the tectonic position where the well aquifer lies in the process of stress regulation and re accumulation. That is to say, the feature of water level anomaly before strong earthquake is resulted from the region where stress anomaly was formed during the process of earthquake preparation.


Diabetes develops in our body when our blood glucose levels are too high or low. Out of control of blood glucose levels may lead to serious disease. Blood glucose levels may be brought back to its normal level by injecting a sufficient amount of the blood glucose concentration has to be stabilized within the physiological range of 70-120 mg/dl. Blood glucose regulation system uses the sensor and the controller. The sensor detects the blood glucose level in the body and the controller takes the control action to decide the amount of insulin has to be injected. This project deals with the controller part with diabetes type 1 as a nonlinear model, which has been simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK environment by using the Model Predictive Controller.


Catarrhal infections of the upper respiratory tract are very common in nursery children. It is suggested that primary damage to the mucous membrane by the acute respiratory diseases of virus origin is followed by secondary bacterial invasion. The most hopeful approach is to attempt to control the latter. The limitations of an exclusion policy are stressed. Hxmolytic streptococcal infections are thought to be spread by contamination of the personal environment with dried secretions rather than by airborne droplets. The ' dangerous disperser &dquo; is most commonly a nasal or skin carrier. Possible methods of controlling outbreaks are discussed.


We report three-dimensional simulations of the reversible reaction A+B↔C for a single static A molecule and a uniform initial concentration of noninteracting B-molecules. The results are compared with various analytic approximations for the time-dependence of the binding probability. They are in excellent agreement with a recent theory of Sung and Lee [J. Chem. Phys. 111, 796 (1999)] for all times and rate parameters. The second-order term in the long-time expansion of this theory is incorrect, yet it explains an apparent kinetic transition observed when the B-concentration increases. We also investigate the concentration profiles near the reversible trap.


The main aim of this paper is to advance the state of the art in automated prostate segmentation using T2 weighted MR images, by introducing a hybrid topological MRI prostate segmentation method which is based on a set of pre-labeled MR atlas images. The proposed method has been experimentally tested on a set of 30 MRI T2 weighted images. For evaluation the automated segmentations of the proposed scheme have been compared with the manual segmentations, using an average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). Obtained quantitative results have shown a good approximation of the segmented prostate.


Intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg of xylazine causes loss of the righting reflex (LRR) and exophthalmia in the rat. The experiments determined some of the pharmacological characteristics of these responses to xylazine. The putative α2‐adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine, piperoxan, CGS 7525 A, and idazoxan blocked the LRR response; tolazoline, phentolamine, and salbutamol attenuated the response to some extent, whereas prazosin, aceperone, and phenoxybenzamine exerted no apparent effect. The putative α2‐agonists clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, guanoxabenz, tiamenidine, and naphazoline were identified in an earlier study as acting only as partial agonists in depressing rat behavior and were found here to antagonize partially the LRR response. Other compounds that attenuated but did not block the response either have some affinity for and perhaps act as partial antagonists at α2‐receptors (e.g., phentolamine, LSD, lisuride) or exert some arousing or behaviorally stimulating action (e.g., cocaine, nomifensine, tranylcypromine, apomorphine). Arousing sensory stimulation also produced a partial attenuation of the LRR response. The xylazine‐induced exophthalmia appeared responsive to the putative α1‐antagonists prazosin and aceperone, and other drugs exerting α1‐antagonist activity also antagonized the exophthalmia. The doses at which compounds antagonize xylazine‐induced LRR and exophthalmia in rat might offer an estimate of the compounds' in vivo potency in acting as antagonists at a2‐ and a,‐adrenoceptors, respectively.


This chapter focuses on the optimal sizing of BESSs in end-user applications in the frame of time-varying energy pricing structures by adopting a probabilistic approach. More in detail, the proposed procedure focuses on one of the most used time-varying tariff structures (i.e. the ToU tariff) but it can be easily extended to other structures. In this chapter, starting from the procedure proposed, the probabilistic optimal sizing is performed applying the point estimate method (PEM), an algorithm that guarantees accuracy of the results with computational effort significantly lower than that implied by the Monte Carlo procedure.


Abstract : A simple, inexpensive method has been developed for air-launching constant-level plastic balloons in rapid succession from a transport-type aircraft. The entire launch system is palletized upon one 24 ft-modular airdrop platform; no alterations to the aircraft are needed. The balloon, encased in a nylon bag, is inflated inside the aircraft, and extracted by parachute. The bag then falls away, releasing the balloon and payload. Four regular crew members can inflate and launch several 8-ft diam, polyethylene balloons at 10-min intervals from a C-130 aircraft flying at speeds up to 130 knots and at altitudes up to 10,000 feet. (Author)


OBJECTIVE To probe into the clinical features of bilateral frontal brain contusion complicated by central brain herniation.METHODS Review of April 2004 to September 2010 period,our hospital bilateral frontal brain contusion complicated by central brain herniation in 53 patients,the clinical manifestations,imaging characteristics and treatment were analyzed,and comparative analysis of conservative treatment and surgical treatment and survival of patients with GCS score situation.RESULTS By 8 to 14 months of follow-up,compared with the control group,observed survival was significantly increased in patients,the differences were statistically significant(X2=3.92,P0.05),while a good percentage of the observation group were significantly improved,the difference was statistically significant(X2=3.86,P0.05),and mild disability,severe disability,the rate of plant survival and death compared with no statistically significant(X2=0.07,1.07,0.04,0.11,P0.05).CONCLUSIONS For the bilateral frontal lobe contusion does not meet the indications for surgery in patients with conservative treatment needed,but at the same time closely observe the patient's condition changes,especially changes in consciousness and pupil,and timely review of CT,helps users understand the cranial brain in order to avoid the loss of the best timing of surgery,thus effectively improve the treatment and patient quality of life.


The essay makes a performance analysis in the training of Chinese teachers native to central Asia at present by making a survey of international Chinese teachers' training session for the terms of 2009 and 2010 in Xinjiang Normal University.The essay writer thinks that teachers' training in central Asia is confronted with some troubles mainly reflected in teaching material in short supply,fewer training chances,pay in disproportion with income and less teaching guidance.Therefore,it is necessary to make a further survey of current Chinese teachers' situation native to central Asia,make a relevant project in relation to current situation,increase Sino-foreign cooperation,display advantages of all sides,strive for further improvement of Chinese teachers' treatment there,offer more training chances and formulate more specific measures in a bid to enhance Chinese teaching capability rather than raise teachers' Chinese principal knowledge in central Asia to promote the teachers' career development there.


Testing parallel applications on a large number of processors is often impractical. Not only does it require access to scarce compute resources, but tracking down defects with the available debuggi...


In the preceding studies, protoplast‐like "spherical bodies" were detected electron microscopically in mice which were challenged intramuscularly, approximately 15 days before, with an attenuated strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. The "spherical bodies" were 0.5–1.5 Mm in diameter, poor in ultra‐structural preservation of the cytoplasm, devoid of cell walls, and indistinguishable from those discovered in the buffy coat of peripheral blood from patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS).


ABSTRACT The paper describes an experimental investigation of the possibility of industrial modification of surface wettability and adhesion of polymers by the action of a plasma of a gliding discharge generated in air at atmospheric pressure in a simulated production process. The test material was polypropylene plates (PP). The modification was performed by a device with a multi-electrode (four pairs) system, which is not common. The quality of pre-processing and usability was evaluated primarily in terms of the industrial requirements, which means a change in wettability and adhesion expressed by the contact angle/surface free energy value in dependence to sample exposure time expressed by the conveyor belt speed. The surface free energy assessment of a treated polymeric surface by contact angle measurement was carried out by analyzing static sessile drops and evaluated by Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) model. The results determined a set of operating parameters at which the modification process meets the industrial requirements. By evaluating the change in surface free energy in relation to the storage time, the degree of hydrophobic recovery of the treated samples, i.e. the time stability of the plasma-treated surface, was also determined. It has been found that plasma-treated PP surface fully meets industrial demands and can be stored for at least 50 days.


In this paper, a decentralized control based on modified fuzzy disturbance observer for interconnected nonlinear system is developed under the interaction and the internal/external disturbances and both. The performance of modified fuzzy disturbance observer (MFDO) is improved by considering the disturbance reconstruction error which consists of minimum approximation error and optimal parameter error. To adjust the parameters of the MFDO, two tuning methods are proposed by means of Lyapunov stability theorem. One employs only the disturbance observation error for adaptation law to guarantee that the MFDO monitors the disturbance. The other adopts the augmented error to achieve control objective as well. Finally, computer simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the MFDO in this paper.


This paper examines the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of the Malaysian public-listed government-linked companies (GLCs) using a dimensional analysis. Four dimensions of CSR activities, namely community, employees, environment and governance, are investigated to study the latest CSR practice of GLCs in year 2016. Each dimension is divided into three subcat-egories to further examine the performance of GLCs on a particular CSR area. This is the first paper in Malaysia which uses CSR ratings (obtained from CSRHub database) to proxy for CSR practice. None of the past literature has been found to adopt this approach. The findings show that Malaysian public-listed GLCs performed better in community, employees and environment dimensions, whilst tend to underperform in governance dimension.


The current practice of literacy is being strengthened by the linkage between literacy and livelihood. Literacy is both a basic need and right. The rights-based approach emphasizes the right of learners to access learning opportunities and the obligations of duty bearers to fulfill their obligations to enable learners exercise their right to learn.

The objectives of functional literacy are in consonance with the overall national development objectives with poverty reduction as a key focus. Literacy for livelihood is an effective methodological approach which ensures improvement of learners' quality of life. A number of functional literacy initiatives in the country reveal that people enroll in literacy programmes because they wish to ''learn for livelihood''.

There is little evidence on the use of ICTs for literacy although, tremendous opportunities exist for the use of radio. A survey revealed that there are 21 FM radios targeting large, albeit, illiterate audiences in the densely populated areas of Freetown, Bo, Kenema and Makeni.

To maximize the use of radio for literacy, learners should be mobilized; organized into learning groups and providers sensitized to the potential benefits which can accrue from the use of radio for literacy.


Public school practicum is an extraordinary experience for graduate students. Regardless of where students see themselves working after graduation, there is much to be learned about children in the...


A frequency-tunable resonant magnetic field probe is designed for near-field scanning applications for the radio frequency interference studies. Tunable resonance is achieved by using a varactor diode providing the required capacitance and the parasitic inductance of a magnetic loop (i.e., a parallel LC circuit). An equivalent circuit model for the probe is described, analyzed, and used for designing the probe for achieving maximum sensitivity. The resonance frequency of the designed probe is tunable in the frequency range of 900-2260 MHz that covers multiple radio bands, such as the GSM900, UMTS, and GPS bands. The sensitivity of the probe at the resonance frequency is about 7-9 dB higher than that of an equivalently sized broadband magnetic field probe throughout the tunable frequency range. The measured frequency response and sensitivity over a microstrip trace using the fabricated probe shows good agreement with the simulated results of the equivalent circuit model and the full-wave simulation model.


We study a stationary 1 D Vlasov-Maxwell system which describes the laser-plasma interaction. Three cases are analyzed: the classical case, the quasi-relativistic case and the relativistic case. We prove the existence of stationary solution and we establish estimates for the charge and current densities.


Risk reduction The study by Khera and colleagues is based on observations with data from over 50,000 participants collected in four prospective studies, and the study confirms that both lifestyle and genes are independently associated with coronary artery disease. However, the good news is that favourable lifestyle is related to an almost 50% lower relative risk for participants with high genetic risk compared to unfavourable lifestyle.


AHERN, M. B. The Problem of Evil. Studies in Ethics and the Philosophy of Religion. New York: Schocken Books, 1971. 85 pp. $4.50. BANGS, CARL. Arminius: A Study in the Dutch Reformation. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1971. 382 pp. $9.95. BAUER, WALTER. Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971· 326 pp. $12.50. BENSON, D E N N I S C. Let It Run. With two 8-inch records on teaching. Richmond, Va.: John Knox Press, 1971. 48 pp. for each side. $4.95 (paper). BERGER, HERMAN H. Progressive and Conservative Man. Duquesne Studies Philosophical Series, 27. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1971. 191pp. $7.95. BERREDGE, JOHN MACLENNAN. Prophet, People, and the Word of Tahweh: An Examination of Form and Content in the Proclamation of the Prophet Jeremiah. Basel Studies of Theology No. 4. Zürich: EVA-Verlag, 1970. 226 pp. SW. Fr. 28, 50. BRAUN, NEIL. Laity Mobilized: Reflections on Church Growth in Japan and Other Lands. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1971. 224 pp. $3.95 (paper). BROWN, H. C , JR. Sermon Analysis for Pulpit Power. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1971. 61 PP. $-95 (paper). BROWN, JACK. Monkey Off My Back (as told to Allen Groff). Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 19 71. 152 pp. $3.95. BRUCE, F. F. New Testament History. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1971. 462 pp. $8.95. BUBER, MARTIN. J and Thou, Lyceum Edition of The Sciibner Library. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971. 185 pp. $1.95 (paper). CAILLIET, EMILE. Alone at High Noon: Reflections on the Solitary Life. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971. 94 pp. $2.95. CASTELLI, ENRICO, et al. La Théologie de L'Histoire: Herméneutique et Eschatologie and La Théologie de L'Histoire: Révélation et Histoire. Actes due Colloque Organise par le Centre International D'Etudes Humanistes et par L'Institut D'Etudes Philosophiques de Rome. Paris: Aubier Editions Montaigne, 1971. 293 and 211 pp., respectively. n.p. (paper). CELL, EDWARD. Language Existence and God: Interpretations of Moore, Russell, Ayer, Witt·' genstein, Wisdom, Oxford Philosophy, and Tillich. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1971. 400 pp. $8.95. CHARLEY, JULIAN. Fifty


The author has performed the observations on the lakes of Kizaki, Noziri and Aoki during the summer partial circulation period and has found that the vertical distribution of density of the lake water is stratified in the metalimnion into two parts, i. e. the layer of upper one and that of lower one He conjectures that the upper layer grows chiefly in the consequence of deposition of the dead remains of plankton and the lower one due to the decomposition of them.


This study aims to find out the influence of hardiness personality on cheating behavior through self-efficacy. Sample of study consist of 319 students of a high school. The instrument used is hardiness scale from Creed, Conlon, and Dhaliwal (2013), cheating behavior questionnaire which is adopted from Saddam (2016), and self-efficacy questionnaire from Schwarzel and Jarusalem (1995). This study use quantitative method with path analysis to find out cause-effect relation and involve self-efficacy variable as mediator variable. The results of study show that: 1)  There is significant negative influence of hardiness personality on cheating behavior; 2) There is significant influence of hardiness personality on self-efficacy; 3) Self-efficacy variable statistically can become significant mediator variable for hardiness personality toward cehating behavior. Therefore, hardiness personality becocme one contribution to influence students' behavior in doing all tasks assigned and self-efficacy possessed also can contribute to students to be confident in finishing the tasks assigned at school.


In this paper, embedded flash (eFlash) cells were fabricated for realization of multi-functions, such as systems on panels (SOPs) and threshold voltage (VTH) stabilization of flat panel displays (FPDs). Fabrication was via low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin film transistor (TFT) technology and an oxide–nitride–oxynitride (ONOn) stack structure on glass. Poly-silicon (poly-Si) on glass, which was annealed via an excimer laser, has a very rough surface. To fabricate LTPS eFlash cells on glass with a very rough poly-Si surface, plasma-assisted oxynitridation was performed; nitrous oxide (N2O) served as a reactive gas. LTPS eFlash cells have excellent TFT electrical properties, such as VTH, a high On/Off current ratio and a low sub-threshold swing (S). The results demonstrate that eFlash cells fabricated on glass with a rough silicon surface, via an ONOn stack structure, have switching characteristics suitable for data storage, such as a low operating voltage (<±10 V) suitable for mobile FPDs, a threshold voltage window, ΔVTH, which exceeds 2.3 V, between the programming and erasing (P/E) states, over a period of 10 years, and the capacity to retain the initial ΔVTH over a period of 105 P/E operations.


Manganese(III/IV) oxides are naturally occurring oxidants of arsenic (As) and can transform the more mobile and toxic arsenite [As(III)] to the less mobile and less toxic arsenate [As(V)]. However, physical heterogeneity of soils contribute to the formation of redox transition zones which can host the interaction of Fe(II) with Mn(III/IV) oxides, leading to altered Mn(III/IV) oxide reactivity. In the current study, we use a diffusion-controlled reactor to simulate such a redox interface to determine how As(III) oxidation by the Mn(III/IV) oxide birnessite is affected by Fe(II) within transport-limited environments. Our results show that Fe(II) oxidation by birnessite in diffusion-limited systems forms Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides with a range of crystallinities, with ferrihydrite being the dominant phase even in the presence of high Fe(II) concentrations. Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide formation is concomitant with birnessite transformation and release of Mn(II), which leads to a decrease in Mn AOS without significant...


To achieve the goal of informatization,integration and sharing for vehicle monitoring,a monitoring system of vehicles on highways based on Web Service has been developed,combined with Struts2,Spring and Hibernate technique.The system's key technologies have been presented,including license plate recognition based on Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and dynamic authority management based on roles.Through monitoring data analysis and processing,especially license plate automatic recognition technology,the illegal vehicles control and disposal such as traffic hit-and-run,suspicious vehicles and peccancy vehicles can be achieved.Compared with the old C/S system,this system has several advantages:flexible expansibility and maintainability,high efficiency of traffic information sharing sources.


Maize is the second most important cereal crop in the world after wheat, contributing substantially to the total cereal grain production in the world economy as a trade, food, feed, and industrial grain crop. The presence of S. frugiperda or Fall Armyworm (FAW) and climate change has affected the corn productivity in North Sumatra. The objective is to determine the distribution and impact of FAW on maize production in North Sumatra. The method used was a survey, observation, and interview farmers and extensions, also secondary data of the FAW attacked from the North Sumatra Food Crops and Horticulture Protection unit (January to August 2019). Sampling was done by simple random sampling with 30 respondents. Analysis data in the form of agronomic advantages and FAW distribution were mapped by overlaying the district administration map with the corn area that was attacked using ArcView GIS. The results showed that the heaviest attack in Karo District was 1,729.9 ha started at 25 days after planting until flowering. The effect of FAW is an increase in production costs by 4.2%, reduction production by 26.6% wherein labour is the highest cost production. Rainfall and wind speed factors have a positive and negative influence on the development of FAW in North Sumatra, early anticipation at the beginning of the plant growth period can reduce the impact on corn production and cost.


The study presents the concept of control and visualisation of the operation of exemplary industrial processes with the application of SCADA system. SCADA systems and applications in various fields of economy were reviewed. Applications that perform the assumed visualisation, alarm, archive and protection objectives were proposed. The designs were prepared in Vijeo Citect environments. Due to diversity and versatility of the selected systems, the completed applications may easily be implemented in many actual locations irrespective of the pre-existing control systems.


The treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), which encompass a group of more than 70 histologically and biologically distinct subtypes of cancer, is emblematic of an orphan disease. 1 About 13 000 patients are diagnosed as having STS in the United States every year, 2 survival rates are poor and have not changed in the last 40 years, and there is little funding to support scientific discovery of disease biology to improve treatment regimens. Clinical presentation and prognosis are influenced not only by the extent of disease and histological subtypes, but by tumor location as well. There is a significant unmet need for improved systemic therapies in the treatment of patients with STS. from STS. were randomized to receive doxorubicin combined with olaratumab or doxorubicin combined with placebo, and the dual primary end points were overall survival in the total STS population and in the subgroup of patients with LMS. However, the results demonstrated no significant difference in overall survival for the intent-to-treat STS cohort or for the prespecified subgroup of patients with LMS. After a median length of follow-up of 31 months, in the doxorubicin + olaratumab group vs the doxorubicin + placebo group, median overall survival in the overall


The case of nonresponse in multivariate stratified sampling survey was first introduced by Hansen and Hurwitz in 1946 considering the sampling variances and costs to be deterministic. However, in real life situations sampling variance and cost are often random (stochastic) and have probability distributions. In this article, we have formulated the multivariate stratified sampling in the presence of nonresponse with random sampling variances and costs as a multiobjective stochastic programming problem. Here, the sampling variance and costs are considered random and converted into a deterministic NLPP by using chance constraint and modified E-model. A solution procedure using three different approaches are adopted viz. goal programming, fuzzy programming, and D1 distance method to obtain the compromise allocation for the formulated problem. An empirical study has also been provided to illustrate the computational details.


The work covers the main types of the family, which was so somehow connected life of almost everyone,family – the most common form of social organization.


We report the reactive magnetron sputter deposition of a metastable antiferromagnetic oxide, (Ni81Fe19)O or permalloy monoxide (PyO), suitable for exchange biasing permalloy (Ni81Fe19 or Py) film layers at room temperature or for manipulating metallic Py film coercivities. Examples are presented demonstrating how PyO can be incorporated in Py/Cu/Py-based exchange biased spin valves (SV) or nonexchange biased pseudo-spin valves (PSV) using the same metallic Py target for fabricating both the PyO pinning layer and the Py metallic layers. The presence of a Ti seed layer beneath the PSV or SV film structures and the oxidized silicon substrate is shown to have an insignificant effect on the film magnetic properties, demonstrating the feasible use of Ti as an adhesion or diffusion barrier layer in hybridized microelectronic devices based on silicon. Glancing incidence parallel beam x-ray diffraction data are presented supporting the existence of the antiferromagnetic monoxide rocksalt phase for the PyO. In addi...


Precision‐cut liver slices (PCLS) are widely used in liver research as they provide a liver model with all liver cell types in their natural architecture. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of PCLS for hyperpolarized metabolic investigation in a mouse model, for potential future application in liver biopsy cores.


Most butterflies that overwinter as diapausing eggs have evolved oviposition behaviours where egg placement is near or on perennating portions of their host plant. We describe an alternative strategy used by alpine populations of a Lycaenid butterfly species complex where eggs are not attached strongly to the leaf substrate and subsequently fall off the plant. Other populations occurring at lower elevations attach their eggs strongly to the plant. In the laboratory, we measured the amount of force required to detach eggs from the leaf substrate. Eggs of the non-alpine populations required more than five times the force required to detach eggs of the alpine population. Field surveys of the host plant characteristics used by various populations suggest that easy detachment may be adaptive for alpine populations because, unlike the host plants used by other populations, nearly all of the preceding year's vegetative growth is blown away by strong winds during the winter months.


type of art-expression existed, which seems to show a remarkable resemblance to those Old-World forms which reached its culmination in the classical type of the Mediterranean peoples. A study of these features of ceramic art enables us to draw many interesting and important conclusions. At times, as in the case of the reappearance of the same forms similarly treated in the stone graves of Tennessee and~the mounds of Missouri and Arkansas, we are led to the view that they had, at least,. a point of contact. In other instances we have evidence of migrations, while, again, in other cases, where both contact and migration are out of the question, we are able to trace the development of that innate principle of the human mind which, among all peoples, finds its expression in ornament and art. We see that the artistic powers of man, like the languages, were developed in distinct centres, and from primitive forms of expression, which, of necessity, had principles in common; and this will amply account for the reappearance of the same forms in widely-separated regions. The early methods of ornamentation of pottery were by finger-marks, cratches, cross-lines, and the impression of cords and fabrics, and these are found almost the whole world over. It is only when steps in advance are taken that the art of each nation receives its distinctive impress.