Abstract Analyses and interpretation of Rb-Sr data on 17 granite and porphyry pebbles from the White Lake metaconglomerate indicate a maximum possible age for the source rocks of the clasts at 2885 ± 160 m.y. However, we favour a more conservative interpretation of our data as, simply, older than 2670 m.y., and also we caution against the use of these data to support the existence of a pre-Kalgoorlie System granitic basement. The lower limit for the age of the conglomerate is 2550 m.y., imposed by a Rb-Sr age on a biotite from the matrix of the conglomerate. Another control on the minimum age of the metaconglomerate is 2620 ± 20 m.y. imposed by the isochron for the Mungari granite, which is considered as younger than the White Lake metaconglomerate.


The version identification (VI) task deals with the automatic detection of recordings that correspond to the same underlying musical piece. Despite many efforts, VI is still an open problem, with much room for improvement, specially with regard to combining accuracy and scalability. In this paper, we present MOVE, a musically-motivated method for accurate and scalable version identification. MOVE achieves state-of-the-art performance on two publicly-available benchmark sets by learning scalable embeddings in an Euclidean distance space, using a triplet loss and a hard triplet mining strategy. It improves over previous work by employing an alternative input representation, and introducing a novel technique for temporal content summarization, a standardized latent space, and a data augmentation strategy specifically designed for VI. In addition to the main results, we perform an ablation study to highlight the importance of our design choices, and study the relation between embedding dimensionality and model performance.


Economic growth as we know it today cannot persist indefinitely if it entails continuous degradation of natural resources and the environment. While in a few countries around the world it appears that environmental degradation has been the result of rapid economic growth, in the vast majority of the developing countries the environment has been equally spoiled despite slow or even negative economic growth. This book provides new insights on the common roots of economic stagnation, poverty and environmental degradation which, unfortunately, generally reside in misguided government policies and priorities. By doing this, the volume seeks to provide a broader policy option framework than those found in conventional policy analyses, mainly dominated by the "Washington Consensus". It shows that a major omission of the conventional view is that governments tend to allocate government expenditures in a biased way favouring subsidies to the economic elites to the detriment of investments in public goods, including human capital, R&D, as well as the development of institutions (environmental and otherwise), which are vital for long run growth, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability. Contributors to this volume - Heidi J. Albers, Oregon State University Edward B Barbier, University of Wyoming Douglas F. Barnes, The World Bank Erwin Bulte, Tilburg University Brian R. Copeland, University of British Columbia Robert T. Deacon, University of California, Santa Barbara Ariel Dinar, The World Bank and Johns Hopkins University Stefanie Engel, University of Bonn Paul Ferraro, Georgia State University Sumeet Gulati, University of British Columbia Kirk Hamilton, The World Bank Rashid Hassan, University of Pretoria Alan J. Krupnick, Resources for the Future Ramon Lopez, University of Maryland Anil Markandya, University of Bath Bernardo Mueller, University of Brasilia B. Gabriela Mundaca, University of Oslo R. Maria Saleth, University of South Australia J E Somanathan, Indian Statistical Institute Thomas Sterner, Goteborg University Jon Strand, International Monetary Fund Michael A. Toman, Johns Hopkins University and University of California, Santa Barbara Jon Strand, University of Oslo


Objective:To explore the various types of distal radius fracture treatment.Methods:From May 2004 to October 2008,95 cases of treatment of distal radius fractures,according to AO classification as A,B,C 3-type,were used to plaster external fixation,open reduction and oblique "T" shaped plate or external fixation fixed three kinds of fixation,respectively fracture reduction and to evaluate its function.Results:95 patients were followed up from 4 to 23 months,an average of 9 months.According to Shea improved assessment method,the fine plaster external fixation group was 71.7%;oblique "T" shaped plate fixation group was 91.3% excellent;external fixation group was 88.5% excellent.Conclusion:The treatment of distal radius fracture is more complicated treatment plan must be in accordance with different types of fracture,patient age and bone conditions,economic conditions in patients with different treatment.


Background: In patients with systemic scleroderma (SSc), clinically evident cardiac involvement is recognized to be a poor prognostic factor. The aim of the study was to evaluate electrocardiographic changes, parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), and heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with SSc without evident symptoms of heart disease.


In order to achieve a student-centered teaching/learning and to meet continuous improvement as well as quality and relevance growth, the Quali...


The present study aim to investigate the chemical constituents of the Chloroform-soluble extracts from the roots of Calotropis procera using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry). The characterization and identification of compounds were confirmed by interpretation of their mass spectra fragmentations data and comparing their data with those published in literature. The Study has revealed to the identification of 25 components which classified in to three categories; 8 fatty acid ester derivatives, ethyl hexadecanoate 1, ethyl heptadecanoate 2, ethyl 3-trans-octadecenoate 3, ethyl octadecanoate 4, ethyl eicosanoate 5, Ethyl do-cosanoate 6, ethyl tricosanoate 7, and ehyl tetracosanoate 8; one phthalate derivative, Di-butyl phthalate 9 and sixteen Pentacyclic triterpenes derivatives, Ursa-9(11):12-diene-3yl acetate 10, Oleana-9(11):12-dien-3-yl acetate 11, Olean-12-en-3β-yl octanoate 12, Ursa-12-en-3β-yl acetate 13, Olean-9(11), 12-dien-3-yl decanoate 14, Olean-12-en-3β-yl acetate 15, Ursa-12-en-3β-yl nanoate 16, Ursa-9(11), 12-dien-3-yl petanoate 17, 11-oxo-β-amyrin acetate 18, Ursa-12-en-3β-yl hexanoate 19, 11-oxo- α -amyrin acetate 20, Ursa-12-en-3β-yl pentanoate 21, ψ-Taraxasteryl pentanoate 22, Taraxasteryl pentanoate 23, 11-oxo-β-amyrin pentanoate 24, and 11-oxo- α -amyrin pentanoate 25. These compounds might be related to the folk utilization of Calotropis procera and responsible for its strong antibiotic.


Drilling process parameters and bits were reasonably chosen to adapt to the stratigraphic and structural features of the Dongyuan large-scale scheelite mine.For the drilling-related difficulties as broken zone,fissure and fault gouge,comprehensive treatment measures have been taken,which turned out good in application.


This mini-review gives an outline of the oncopharmacological projects focused on the identification of potential anticancer agents or lead compounds from Hypericum annulatum Morris subsp. annulatum, an endemic species inhabiting the Balkan Peninsula, Sardinia, East Africa and Saudi Arabia. A total of 14 phenolic compounds (incl. five benzophenones/benzophenone glycosides, one xanthone, and eight prenylated species), incorporating the core phloroglucinol scaffold were tested using different in vitro end-points to assess their antineoplastic potential. The prenylated acylphloroglucinols have shown prominent cytotoxic effects, whereas the benzophenones and the xanthone, albeit less cytotoxic proved to exert other interesting activities, incl. cytoprotective, antioxidant and MDR-reversal effects. These findings give us reason to consider Hypericum annulatum Morris subsp. annulatum as a valuable source of potential anticancer compounds.


Economic and demographic factors are driving people in mostly Western economies to work longer in order to maintain reasonable incomes to support ongoing quality-of-life expectations. Employers' concerns about the workability of those working beyond previous retirement ages have been based on pervasive stereotypical myths and apparent 'rules of thumb' about productivity and safety. Employers and workers should understand what is realistic and supportable at work, and occupational physicians should advise enterprises on the benefits and risks of employing an older workforce. Several reports have addressed aspects of this issue and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has added recommendations about older employees to existing workplace health guidance. A recent British Medical Association (BMA) report has synthesized the current evidence specific to age principally from systematic reviews of ageing in the workplace and the consequences and priorities for older workers and their employers [1]. Awareness that workforces are ageing is not new [2]; however, despite this, and apparent recognition of the issue by employers, many enterprises have yet to respond adequately to the challenges, despite recognizing a need. Historically, low global birth rates and increasing life expectancy mean that populations and workforces will continue to age over future decades, most significantly in the least developed countries [3]. Falling numbers of younger workers, and gradually increasing state retirement ages, will require people to work until later in life. Delayed retirement has not only income benefits but well-documented positive outcomes in shaping identity, boosting self-esteem and maintaining interpersonal contacts, all supporting maintenance of well-being [4]. What are the facts and evidence about older workers? Understandably, specific evidence about people working into their 60s and beyond is limited [5]. However, attitudes towards ageing and work are changing, with increasingly more employers regarding older workers as a valuable asset [6]. Functional abilities vary widely between individuals of similar age and the impact of ageing is relatively insignificant among most of those working. While muscle strength and aerobic capacity decline with age, those who use physical strength at work retain better strength than those who do not [7], while an active lifestyle helps to preserve aerobic capacity [8]. Most jobs do not require employees to work at full capacity except those that are persistently arduous [9]. Shift work has been frequently cited as more difficult for older workers to complete, and some primary studies suggest that shifts longer than 8 h can be detrimental to older workers' health, but higher quality studies find no such association [7]; the cumulative effect of the number of years spent working shifts appears to be more important in predicting ill-health effects. However, there is a consensus that older people need a longer recovery period after longer shifts [7]. Decline in cognitive capacity is also minimal in most people in their 60s, and effects are offset by experience and established skills; this can be true in to their 80s in some. Reaction times might slow with increasing age, but caution increases resulting in a tradeoff between speed and accuracy reducing the frequency of errors [8]. Evidence also indicates that complex work helps reduce cognitive decline [10]. In most jobs, agerelated sensory changes can be accommodated by corrective devices or assistive technology. Although the risk of long-term conditions may increase with age, the majority of older workers enjoy good health and most people who have long-term conditions or disability continue to work. In most cases declining health has no impact on job performance, because jobs and work environments can be adjusted for emerging disabilities. Consequently, the balance of evidence is that older workers do not take more sickness absence than younger workers [11]. Age is neither the most important determinant of health, nor does it inevitably lead to illness. Health depends on many factors other than age, a mix of physical, psychological and social inputs, such as lifestyle, job tenure and occupational demands. Good health and safety risk management should consist of job-specific safety risk assessments for older workers, addressing the environment and work practices and taking account of any vulnerabilities. Delayed retirement ages and longer working lives do impact on employers' health and safety responsibilities. Since the effects of some occupational exposures, e.g. noise, are cumulative, employers should be advised to take further action to control exposure at work. There is little age-stratified evidence, but in the absence of illness, workers aged 65 appear to be at no worse detriment than those aged 50. Indeed, evidence suggests that workers over 60 cope better with occupational stress than younger groups—education, work experience and autonomy being protective factors [10]. Older workers are also at less risk of accidents, but where they do occur they are more likely to cause serious injury or be fatal [5,7]. Aside from huge inter-individual variation, there is little significant risk from age-related changes in safety critical roles [12]. There are few age-related risks not mitigated by experience, expertise and knowledge, despite age-associated


This paper considers the problem of providing an Object-Oriented (OO) system with reasoning and program synthesis abilities. We consider an object-oriented knowledge system in which methods are synthesized from speciications using an intuitionis-tic propositional calculus and a Proof-As-Program methodology. In order to support reasoning about some dynamic aspects of the OO system, we propose to use a logic language of meta-speciications and we develop transformations from an object base to the meta-speciications and the inverse ones. Partial Deduction is used as an optimization technique for deduction in the language of meta-speciications.


Cardiac output and stroke volume increased during elevation of aortic pressure at high adrenergic activity (constant isoproterenol infusion or stimulation of left stellate ganglion), but fell in control experiments and after propranolol administration, both in open-chest and conscious dogs. To examine the mechanisms involved, myocardial distances and ventricular volumes were measured with ultrasonic and thermodilution techniques, respectively. Enddiastolic volume always increased during elevation of aortic blood pressure. Myocardial shortening increased further at high adrenergic activity and fell in control experiments. The increase in myocardial shortening was not a consequence of increased delivery to the myocardium of circulating catecholamines, as reduction of coronary blood flow to control before elevation of aortic pressure did not reduce stroke volume. It is concluded that the stroke volume response to elevation of aortic blood pressure is the resultant of two effects: 1) a stroke-volume-increasin...


Currently, to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of objects, quite a large number of devices are used in the form of chronographs, which consist of various optical, thermal and laser sensors. Among the problems of these devices, the following can be distinguished: the lack of recording of the received data; the inaccessibility of taking into account the trajectory of the object flying in the sensor area, as well as taking into consideration the trajectory of the object during the approach to the device frame. The signal received from the infrared sensors is recorded in a separate document in txt format, in the form of a table. When you turn to the document, data is read from the current position of the input data stream in the specified list by an argument in accordance with the given condition. As a result of reading the data, it forms an array that includes N number of columns. The array is constructed in a such way that the first column includes time values, and columns 2...N- the value of voltage . The algorithm uses cycles that perform the function of deleting array rows where there is a fact of exceeding the threshold value in more than two columns, as well as rows where the threshold level was not exceeded. The modified array is converted into two new arrays, each of which includes data from different sensor frames. An array with the coordinates of the centers of the sensor operation zones was created to apply the Pythagorean theorem in three-dimensional space, which is necessary for calculating the exact distance between the zones. The time is determined by the difference in the response of the first and second sensor frames. Knowing the path and time, we are able to calculate the exact speed of the object. For visualization, the oscillograms of each sensor channel were displayed, and a chronograph model was created. The chronograph model highlights in purple the area where the threshold has been exceeded.


The p a r t i t i o n i n g among p l a n t u p t a k e , l e a c h i n g f r o m and s t o r a g e i n s o i l o f m i c r o n u t r i e n t m e t a l s f o l l o w i n g heavy a p p l i c a t i o n s o f p o u l t r y manure was s t u d i e d i n t h r e e greenhouse e x p e r i m e n t s . F o l l o w i n g t h e s e e x p e r i m e n t s , t h e s t u d y examined t h e e f f e c t o f manure a p p l i c a t i o n on c o n t e n t and c o m p o s i t i o n of s o i l o r g a n i c m a t t e r and a l s o t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f m e t a l s i n t h e o r g a n i c f r a c t i o n s . P o u l t r y manure was s u r f a c e a p p l i e d t o G r i g g and Monroe s i l t loam s o i l columns a t r a t e s o f 0, 20 and 40 t / h a i n each ••; of t h e f i r s t two e x p e r i m e n t s , whereas t h e t h i r d t e s t e d t h e r e s i d u a l e f f e c t of t h e manure a p p l i c a t i o n s . T r eatments were r e p l i c a t e d f o u r t i m e s and c o m p l e t e l y randomized. The s o i l columns were p l a n t e d t o c o r n (Zea mays L.) and l e a c h e d d a i l y w i t h d e m i n e r a l i z e d w a t e r a t an a v e r a g e r a t e of 1.0 cm/day f o r 30-40 days. F o l l o w i n g l e a c h i n g and h a r v e s t o f t h e c o r n , t h e s o i l columns were sampled i n two s e c t i o n s f o r c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s . M e t a l s i n t h e s o i l s , l e a c h a t e s and c o r n t i s s u e were d e t e r m i n e d by a t o m i c a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r y . Manure a p p l i c a t i o n s i g n i f i c a n t l y (P < 0.01) i n f l u e n c e d c o r n y i e l d i n E x p e r i m e n t s I and I I . The 20 t / h a r a t e i n c r e a s e d y i e l d more t h a n t h e 40 t / h a t r e a t m e n t . Y i e l d i n c r e a s e s o v e r t h e check t r e a t m e n t i n E x p e r i m e n t I were about 400% and 300% from t h e 20 and 40 t / h a t r e a t m e n t s r e s p e c t i v e l y . I n E x p e r i m e n t I I , y i e l d r e s p o n s e was s i g n i f i c a n t l y c u r v i l i n e a r (P < 0.01), w i t h t h e 20t r a t e g i v i n g t h e h i g h e s t y i e l d . The p o s s i b i l i t y o f NH Q t o x i c i t y and e x c e s s


Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health , 2011; 40 (3): 140-141  (Key words: Recurrent lower respiratory tract infection, bronchogenic cyst) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v40i3.3517 (This DOI was corrected on 4/11/2011 so please use this version to refer to this article)


This paper investigates the output feedback stabilization problem for a class of discrete-time networked control systems (NCS) with random packet dropouts. Considering the random packet dropouts occurring in the sensor-to-controller (S-C) and controller-to-actuator (C-A), the resulting closed-loop NCS is modeled as a discrete-time Markovian jump linear system (MJLS) with four modes. Sufficient conditions for existence of a output feedback controller which guarantees the stochastic stability of NCS are established based on stochastic Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality approach. A simulation example illustrates the validity and feasibility of the results.


A field experiment was designed at the Dokki site for Protected Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018. This experiment aims to improve the efficiency of compost tea by adding some bio compounds for producing sweet corn (Meilan F1 Hybrid) without mineral fertilizers. The treatments of compost tea only, compost tea enriched with extracts of algae, azolla or yeast were compared to recommended mineral fertilizers. Applying compost tea enriched with yeast extract gave the highest vegetative growth, yield and ear properties of sweet corn with no significant differences compared to use mineral fertilizers. The application of compost tea enriched with extracts of algae or azolla reduced growth, yield and ear characteristics of sweet corn compared to mineral fertilizer. The treatments of compost tea enriched with extracts of algae, azolla or yeast were superior to non enriched compost tea in all studied traits. This study illustrated the possibility of utilizing algae, azolla and yeast extracts to improve the efficiency of compost tea to produce a good yield and quality of sweet corn without mineral fertilizers.


Chinese people seem to be increasingly on the move, as this special issue emphasizes, among the diaspora, and especially among residents of the People's Republic of China after it re-opened to the capitalist world after 1979. We argue, however, that an emphasis on mobility can be misleading unless we also pay close attention to factors that inhibit movement. Foremost among the inhibiting factors are international borders. The notion of a "world without borders" is only realized by the world's elites. For ordinary people, borders are substantial or even insuperable barriers. One of the most powerful metaphors for globalization has been David Harvey's idea of "time-space compression," in which the speeding up of economic and social processes by transportation and communication technologies has in effect shrunk the globe. As with all metaphors, it both offers important insights and is potentially misleading. The world is not shrinking in any uniform manner. Compression is uneven for different kinds of actors, objects and ideas. In this article, we set out the concept of time-space punctuation. We offer this approach as a complement to time-space compression, not as a substitute. Even a combination of both metaphors distracts attention from other representational approaches to globalization, such as accounting, visibility or fi ltering.1 Punctuation conventionally identifi es arbitrary symbols that break up the fl ow of speech. Here we extend this idea to other arenas. The world is punctuated by barriers, the most important of which are national borders. For some people and things, borders act as periods, full stops denying legal entry. For others, they are like semi-colons, requiring visas and work permits. For the global elite, by reason of their citizenship status or their assets, borders are like commas, slightly slowing movement at various checkpoints, particularly if they have access to VIP lanes or private jet facilities at ports of entry. The metaphor can be extended. In these post-9/11 days, certain people move around the world with the equivalent of asterisks attached to them, having been placed on "no-fl y" or other watch lists. Others,


Endopeptidase EC 22.214.171.124 (EP 24.15; thimet oligopeptidase) is a soluble metalloendopeptidase implicated in the metabolism of a number of neuropeptides, including neurotensin, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, and opioid peptides. We have shown previously that thiol reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol, activate EP 24.15 by mediating the conversion of inactive multimeric forms to active monomers and that this conversion involves the disruption of intermolecular disulfide bonds involving cysteine residues 246, 248, and 253. We have identified two components of cerebrospinal fluid that activate recombinant EP 24.15, but have no effect on a thiol‐independent cysteine mutant form of the enzyme. The low molecular weight (<10 kDa) component co‐elutes with glutathione by reversed‐phase HPLC, whereas the high molecular weight component (>50 kDa) is sensitive to digestion with trypsin, suggesting it is proteinaceous in nature. These results suggest that EP 24.15 activity in the brain may be modulated by factors released into cerebrospinal fluid. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper,the virtues of general-purpose DSP TigerSHARC 101 are presented firstly,then the application of TigerSHARC 101 to realize Radar MTD is introduced in detail.Through effective examination,the correct result is obtained.In order to realize the real-time radar signal processing,the system has been optimized.This paper is value to other engineering designs in real-timing signal processing.


This is a contribution to the Proceedings of the XLIV Brazilian Workshop on Nuclear Physics, held in virtual format during 9-11 November, 2021. In this contribution I briefly review some of the main results obtained with collaborators regarding quantitative predictions from an Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton holographic model for the thermodynamics and some of the transport coefficients of the hot and baryon dense quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions.


Objective: To explore the attention deficit of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and patients with panic disorder. Method:This study included 38 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder,38 patients with panic disorder and 38 sex-age-and education-matched control subjects.All subjects were used backward masking test(BMT) and continuous performance test (CPT) to evaluate vigilance of attention,selective attention and sustained attention.Patients with panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder who were never treated.Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were assessed by Maudsley obsessional-compulsive inventory(MOCI) and Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale(Y-Bocs). Results:Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder exhibited poorer performance in BMT(respectively,5.6±2.5 vs 9.2±4.1) than those in panic patients(7.6±4.2 vs 12.1±4.3) and those in controls(7.6±3.4 vs 11.6±5.0) when interval of masking was 30 milliseconds and 50 milliseconds while there was no significant difference in BMT among the three groups without interfere stimulus.As to CPT,there was no significant difference among three groups(P0.05).No direct relationship between scores on MOCI,Y-BOCS and correct response in BMT was observed. Conclusion:Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder may have decreased selective attention,while panic patients may have no attention impairments.


Background: Lumbar canal stenosis is a painful and potentially disabling condition often encountered in adults. Treatment of lumbar canal stenosis may consist of conservative approach to lumbar canal stenosis consists of rest, lumbar bracing, activity modification and analgesics. Surgical management consists of decompressive laminectomy, laminotomy or facetectomy. In the present study, authors evaluate the outcome in patients of lumbar canal stenosis managed surgically with decompressive laminectomy.Methods: A 50 patients with degenerative lumbar canal stenosis visiting Kasturbha hospital, Sewagram, Wardha from November 2016 to April 2017 were taken up for the study. Patients were taken up for laminectomy and decompression of the affected nerve roots using medial facetectomy. Post operatively patients were regularly followed up at monthly intervals. The ODI score was calculated at the end of 6 months and compared with the baseline score.Results: Fifty patients (mean age-42.9 years) underwent laminectomy and decompression. Baselines ODI score was 71.2±6.4. After 6 month follow up, the score improved significantly to 21±15.6 which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Operative treatment in patients of degenerative lumbar canal stenosis yields excellent functional results as observed based on the ODI score provided case selection is done properly.


The grid is the base of the modern trends in the field of computing systems. The grid systems suffer from the problem of weakness of the current data models which are used to define the gird resources. These models suffer from the lack of semantics which leads to resources wasting. The lack of semantics yields in misunderstanding of resources information and makes the process of inferring new relations among the grid resources almost not available. The use of the semantic data model makes the information about grid resources not only machine-readable (like the current grid systems) but also machine-understandable. The Semantic Grid refers to an approach used to grid computing in which information, computing resources and services are described using the semantic data model. The aim of this work is to use the semantic web technologies such as RDF , RDFS, OWL to obtain a new framework to redefine the different grid resources in a semantic manner.


We compare the convergent shockwaves generated from underwater, cylindrical arrays of copper wire exploded by multiple kilo-ampere current pulses on nanosecond and microsecond scales. In both cases, the pulsed power devices used for the experiments had the same stored energy (∼500 J) and the wire mass was adjusted to optimize energy transfer to the shockwave. Laser backlit framing images of the shock front were achieved down to the radius of 30 μm. It was found that even in the case of initial azimuthal non-symmetry, the shock wave self-repairs in the final stages of its motion, leading to a highly uniform implosion. In both these and previous experiments, interference fringes have been observed in streak and framing images as the shockwave approached the axis. We have been able to accurately model the origin of the fringes, which is due to the propagation of the laser beam diffracting off the uniform converging shock front. The dynamics of the shockwave and its uniformity at small radii indicate that eve...


In this study, numerical simulations of an n-dodecane spray flame in a constant volume chamber under diesel engine conditions – known as Spray A – with multiple-injections (0.5 / 0.5 dwell / 1.0 ms injection) have been carried out using the transported probability density function (TPDF) method in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) framework. The realizable k−ε turbulence model was used to provide the turbulence information to the TPDF solver. The micro-mixing term was closed using the Interaction by Exchange with the Mean (IEM) model. The objective of the present study is to compare simulation results of soot and nitrogen oxide (NO) mass from a single and a double injection case with the same total injected fuel mass. The fuel-air mixing for the two different cases has been analysed in terms of mixture fraction probability density function (PDF) evolution. The results show that the ignition of the second injection is promoted by the high temperature gases originated from the combustion of the first injection with sufficiently low scalar dissipation rate. This advanced ignition of the second injection results in the increase of local temperature and equivalence ratio, resulting in an increase of the formed soot mass by a factor of four compared to the first injection. The double injection schedule reduced the NO mass in comparison with single injection and the net soot formation and oxidation rate where found to increase when fuel splitting was applied.


In this note, we give an original convergence result for products of independent random elements of motion group. Then we consider dynamic random walks which are inhomogeneous Markov chains whose transition probability of each step is, in some sense, time dependent. We show, briefly, how Central Limit theorem and Local Limit theorems can be derived from the classical case and provide new results when the rotations are mutually commuting. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first investigation of dynamic random walks on the motion group.


The given work includes the description of methods for the synthesis of new coordinative combinations of Cu(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) Co(III), Ni(II) and Zn(II) with N(4)-(ethyl acetate) thiosemicarbazones of 2-formylpyridine and 2-acetylpyridine. The characterization of the newly synthesized compounds was carried out using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, conductivity, and elemental analysis. In addition, the structures of N(4)-(ethyl acetate) thiosemicarbazide and N(4)-(ethyl acetate) thiosemicarbazone 2-acetylpyridine (HL2) were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The antioxidant activity of coordinative combinations was studied and compared with that of free ligands. The most pronounced antioxidant properties are possessed by [Ni(L2)Cl], whose value of IC50=15,05 μM is three times higher than the IC50=46,76 μM of the non-coordinating ligand and about 2,5 times higher than the reference substances Rutin and Trolox.


After completing this library assignment you will learn how to use library resources to find information and sources about nutrition topics.


Organic LEDs can be used not only in displays but also in intelligent light sources. Unlike inorganic LEDs, OLEDs do not function as point-like but as surface light sources since manufacturing of large area light sources is more feasible with OLED technologies. Despite their lower luminous efficacy this makes OLEDs still an attractive option especially in high end indoor applications, The major issue in such applications is the homegenity of the luminance of the large OLED panels. In natural convection environment the temperature difference in the same device can reach 20–30°C which can result in up to 30–40% difference in current density and thus in the luminance. CFD simulation is the obvious way to handle this problem but integration of a CFD solver in an OLED simulator may be difficult and the solution times are high. This paper presents the application of three natural convection models for vertical plates in an electro-thermal field solver based OLED simulator as thermal boundary condition. Simulation results of a free-standing 50∗50 mm2 active surface OLED, surrounded by still air, are compared with measurement results.


The Misell algorithm is an effective phase-retrieval holography method for measuring the surface error of large reflector antennas. However, it is investigated experimentally to have a low accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To decrease the great sensitivity to noise of Misell algorithm, a new iterative Fourier filtering approach based on autocorrelation theorem is proposed. The iterative Fourier filtering approach is used to remove some of the imperfection present in far-field amplitude data. The computer simulation results of Shanghai Sheshan-25m-telescope model show that the proposed approach improved the accuracy of Misell algorithm at low SNR obviously.


The family of Planorbidae with its numerous and various members in European w.aters is rather poorly represented in the Malay Ar.chipelago. It is . not the number of species which is so very small, ther,e have been described 12 Planorbis and 2 Segmentina. But most of them -seem to be very local and with the exception of Planorbis exustus they are of small siz€. Thus they never form such a-n important element in the freshwater fauna in thi,s region as their congeners do in palaearctic and n€arctic waters. Most probably, however, continued investigation will throw more light on the specific position of different forms and on their distribution. A few collecting trips in Java have already shown me that the jav·anese species at least have a wider dispersal than hitherto has been supposed. PARAVICINI and VANHEURNstated in 1922 (Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, VoL 82, p. 31) t.hat Plan07'bis convexiusculus in Java is one of the freshwater mollusks which are everywhere to be found.


ABSTRACT Why do states deliberately disclose hard-earned intelligence? For political and operational reasons, Official Public Intelligence Disclosure (OPID) is often considered counterintuitive and ill-advised. However, as this practice proliferates in international affairs in recent years, extant scholarship emphasizes domestic political incentives for its employment. Drawing on interviews with policy, defense, and media figures in Israel, this article generates alternative perspectives. First, in keeping with the dictates of contemporary information and media environment, states engage in OPID as a performative act designed to enhance diplomacy and shape international agenda. Second, in the age of limited wars, instead of being amassed purely for large-scale escalation, selective disclosure of intelligence can be weaponized against adversaries whose operations and very survival depend on secrecy, so as to shape their behavior below the threshold of war. The article advances our understanding of the innovative ways in which intelligence can be strategically employed in the information age.


Natural language processing has come a long way and has made significant progress in the past few years. This project attempts to explore and improve on the problem of searching through code semantically through natural language queries. This is very useful as some people might want to search through code written in a language that they are not familiar with. Furthermore, this may make searching for particular code functions or snippets easier by avoiding the need for exact keyword match. An interesting thing to note with this particular problem is that code is not natural language, so this poses a challenge for this work.


We have successfully fabricated Pb and Y doping Bi2212 single crystals using self - flux solid state reaction method. X - ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the single crystals shows that there is no peak except (001) peak. The calculated lattice parameter indicates that the c - axis length decreases with the increasing of Pb and Y contents. The temperature dependence of out- of- plane resistivity shows that the transition temperature is about 90K.


A few orbital parameters which take into account earth's finite shape as well as its axial rotation are developed for a satellite moving in the earth's equatorial plane. Expressions for line of sight velocity dr/sub es//dt, variation of elevation angle, and the condition for satellite's accessibility from a ground station are obtained. For a non-rotating earth equations for variation of arc length D/sub c/ and segment area A/sub s/ are derived. The various parameters are plotted against time for different orbital eccentricities.


of "A Multi-Scale Model of Brain White-Matter Structure and Its Fitting Method for Diffusion MRI" by Jadrian Miles, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2015. This dissertation describes three primary contributions to the field of medical imaging: (1) a mathematical model ("Blockhead") of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the white matter of the human brain; (2) a technique for computing the parameters of such a model from MRI scans of a given subject; and (3) an application of existing statistical tools to compare instances of any different tissue models according to their accuracy and parsimony with respect to MR images of the subject. The Blockhead model has both discrete and continuous parameters. As such the fitting method demonstrates a novel synthesis of techniques from combinatorial and numerical optimization: namely, the inclusion of short gradient-descent steps into the neighborhood of a local-search solver. The thesis of this work is that this multi-scale tissue model admits of an instance that, for certain inputs with simple geometry, has better fit to the input (in the sense of accuracy and parsimony) than current voxel-oriented techniques. Furthermore the fitting method is capable, in some circumstances, of computing this model instance. The dissertation also details the shortcomings of this model and proposes future refinements to better represent realistic tissue geometry. A Multi-Scale Model of Brain White-Matter Structure and Its Fitting Method for Diffusion MRI by Jadrian Miles B. S., Duke University, 2006 Sc. M., Brown University, 2008 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Computer Science at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2015 © Copyright 2015 by Jadrian Miles This dissertation by Jadrian Miles is accepted in its present form by the Department of Computer Science as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date David H. Laidlaw, Director Recommended to the Graduate Council Date John F. Hughes, Reader Date Ben Raphael, Reader Date Peter J. Basser, Reader NIH Approved by the Graduate Council Date Peter Weber Dean of the Graduate School


Summary Free color associations were collected from a total of 337 children in the fourth through sixth grades to 12 concepts: hope, anger, sadness, honesty, fear, happiness, pain, love, death, strength, school, and life. Their responses showed a predominant color in the cases of love (red), death (black), and anger (red, closely followed by black). Colors were much varied in life, honesty, happiness, and school but, across all concepts, blue, red, white, and black were salient. Overall, these color choices of children were quite similar to those reported of adults.


A new index to measure local randomness of sequences is presented in thispaper;the index can be used to test local stability of sequences.The stability offinite sequence in the statistical view is also analyzed.


The world is moving towards artificial intelligence and automation because time is the most crucial asset in today's scenario. This paper proposes an automatic vehicle fingerprinting system that avoids long waiting times in toll plazas with the help of computer vision. The number plate recognition and vehicle re-identification focus on this research. Day/night IR cameras are used to get the images of the vehicle and its number plate. The VeRi776 datum, which contains real-world vehicle images, is used to facilitate the research of vehicle re-identification. The proposed framework employs Siamese model architecture to identify the attributes such as color, model, and type of vehicle. The Car License Plate Detection datum is used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed license plate recognition system. An ensemble of image localization techniques using CNNs and application of the OCR model on the localized snapshot is used to recognize the vehicle's license plate. A combination of license plate recognition and vehicle re-identification techniques is used in the proposed framework to improve the efficiency of identifying vehicles in toll plazas


Purpose: Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) is recommended for acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients who presenting with cardiogenic shock. Recently, a randomized trial revealed that IABP support did not reduce 30-day mortality. We aimed to determine the impact of IABP support on the short- and long-term mortality.

Methods: A total of 774 patients with acute MI and cardiogenic shock were selected from the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction Registry between December 2007 and December 2010. Primary outcomes were mortality at one-month and one-year.

Results: The patients who were treated with IABP support was 395 and the patients not treated with IABP was 379. The patients treated with IABP were more ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, anterior ischemia on electrocardiogram, and had undergone more PCI and coronary artery bypass surgery than patients not treated with IABP. Infarct area was larger and rate of statin prescription during hospitalization was higher in patients treated with IABP. One-month mortality and one-year mortality were significantly lower in patients treated with IABP compared to patients not treated with IABP (45.3 vs 54.6%, p=0.024; 46.8 vs 55.4%, p=0.041, respectively). By multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting confounding variables, IABP support was associated with neither one-month mortality nor one-year mortality (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.348-1.098, p=0.101; OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.382-1.085, p=0.098, respectively). However, Cox proportional hazard model showed that long-term survival was significantly better in patients treated with IABP (log rank p=0.034).

![Figure][1]

Conclusions: This study showed that IABP support was not associated with reduced one-month mortality but associated with long-term mortality benefit.

 [1]: pending:yes


The book contains over 4,000 British china marks from 1650 to the present alphabetically arranged and cross-referenced to enable the user to identify the manufacturer and to date the object. Contents: Preface; Acknowledgements; Introduction and general notes; Key to general plan for each entry; Map showing the location of the principal pottery centres; Types of ceramic marks (photo graphic plates); Mark section in alphabetical sequence; Appendixunidentified or problem marks in alphabetical sequence; Glossary; Selected bibliography; Post-script, recent marks; Index of monograms; Index of signs and devices. This book has been reviewed by: WILLS, G., Apollo, 82, No. 42, 149 (1965). -- AATA


Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions co-doped α-NaYF4 nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared by a one step hydrothermal method with citric acid as the organic additive. The morphology of the as-prepared materials maintains a spherical shape when the surfactant amount, hydrothermal time, and hydrothermal temperature were varied. Under 980 nm excitation, intense ultraviolet (UV) and blue upconversion (UC) emissions were observed from the α-NaYF4 NCs and their intensities were much higher than those of the β-NaYF4 NCs modified by trisodium citrate. The intensities of the 5-photon UC emissions from the 1I6 level of Tm3+ ions were much stronger than those of the 4-photon UC emissions from the 1D2 level and the 3-photon UC emissions from the 1G4 level. It is for the first time, to our knowledge, that such intense UV UC emissions were obtained with α-NaYF4 NCs. The intense UV UC emissions and the relatively long fluorescent lifetimes for the 1I6, 1D2, and 1G4 levels of Tm3+ ions in α-NaYF4 NCs indicate that they could be one of the promising candidates for potential application in short-wavelength solid-state lasers.


The mechanical characteristics of ski boots have changed in the past decade. Boots are stiffer, extend further up the calf, and are constructed of different materials. This paper evaluates the safety implications of the change in mechanical properties of boots. Five brutes, representing boot development from the leather lace boots of the early 1960s to the high backed foam to boot of the early 1970s, were tested. X-rays of two skiers were used to measure range of a leg motion. The stiffness (spring rate) was measured and energy absorption capabilities were calculated. Impulse capabilities were also measured. It was concluded that, although modern boots give the skier additional control and thus reduce the possibility of a fall, but they're more likely to cause an injury if a fall occurs.


The teratogenic consequences of rubella infection early in pregnancy are well known. However, experience with the rubella epidemic in 1964 revealed unexpected virologic and serologic consequences of maternal infection. Despite the fact that the rubella syndrome was caused by maternal infection prior to the immunologic maturity of the fetus, serologic immunity rather than tolerance was observed in older children with the syndrome (1, 2). Furthermore, rubella virus was found to persist in the affected infants for many months despite the presence of serum antibodies (3-5). Attempts to equate the presence of rubella antibodies in these infants with an active immune response by means of conventional serology was complicated by the presence of passively acquired maternal antibodies of the IgG variety which persist for several months. Since IgA and IgM do not cross the placental barrier readily, the association of antibody activity within the IgM and/or IgA class of globulins of the infant's serum would indicate active immunity. The following studies were carried out in order to characterize the classes of immunoglobulin which responded specifically to rubella infection and to determine their chronology. Observations were also made regarding the classes of rubella antibodies in sera from "normal" newborns and infants with congenital rubella. Materials and Methods. Rubella antibodies were demonstrated by the indirect fluorescent antibody method as described by Brown et al. (6). Whereas conventional methods of serum fractionation and antibody titration were cumbersome, this technique provided a rapid and reliable method for identification of the antigenic class of antibodies (IgG, IgA, or IgM) in whole serum which had combined with viral antigen. Cover slip cultures of a chronically infected line of monkey kidney cells (7) fixed in acetone were employed as an antigen source. The conjugated antisera used in this study were purchased from Hyland Laboratories as fluorescein conjugated antisera prepared in goats against human IgG, IgA, and IgM globulins, respectively. Before use these sera were fractionated by DEAE chromatography as described by Riggs et al. (8).


The stresses induced in 1.2 μm thick Au films and lines during thermal cycling between room temperature (RT) and 450 °C have been investigated by X-ray diffraction methods. The biaxial or uniaxial stresses of films and lines varied between typically 200 MPa tensile stress at RT and 50 MPa compressive stress at 400 °C. The passivated lines show large tri-axial stresses varying between 450 MPa tensile stress at RT and ≈300 MPa compressive stress at 400 °C. In contrast to the unpassivated lines a nearly elastic behaviour is observed during thermal cycling; the observed thermal stresses are in agreement with the expectations from the Eshelby theory. Details of the stress distribution are discussed in comparison to published results for Al. Special emphasis is given to specific differences to Al, which seem to be very advantageous for future applications of Au interconnects in addition to the superior electromigration resistence.


This study aims to analyze the factors that influence economic growth and poverty levels inIndonesia. The factors analyzed were banking credit, inflation, government expenditure, andabsorption of labor. This research uses path analysis as a data analysis technique to answerresearch problems / hypotheses. Research results show that (1) Banking credit towards economicgrowth shows significant value, (2) Inflation towards economic growth shows significant value,(3) Government expenditures on growth shows significant value, (4) Labor absorption oneconomic growth shows significant value, (5) Banking credit towards poverty level showssignificant value, (6) Inflation to poverty level shows significant value, (7) Governmentexpenditures on poverty level shows significant value, (8) Absorption of labor to poverty level shows significant value, ( 9) Economic growth towards the poverty level shows significant value,(10) Banking credit does not significantly influence the level of poverty through economicgrowth, (11) Inflation has a significant effect on the level of poverty through economic growth,(12) Government expenditure has a significant effect on the level of poverty through economicgrowth, (13) Absorption of labor has a significant effect on poverty levels through economicgrowth.


A method for evaluating the performance of cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) processors which use the amplitude of echo signals rather than their squared amplitude is presented. Results for the case of Rayleigh clutter/noise statistics are given. Detection probabilities are evaluated for the case of a Rayleigh fluctuating target embedded in Rayleigh clutter/noise for linear-law CA-CFAR processors. These results are observed to be practically identical to those of square-law CA-CFAR processors for which analytical expressions are readily available. These observations are verified using Monte Carlo simulations. The same conclusion is reached in the case of a nonfluctuating target embedded in Rayleigh clutter/noise for which only simulation results are presented. >


The pressure (0-7 kbar) and temperature (-200-+10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) dependence of the dielectric properties (relative permittivity ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{r}$ and spontaneous polarization ${P}_{s}$) of Cs${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and Cs${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ were investigated. By the observation of the $P\ensuremath{-}E$ double hysteresis loops it is confirmed that the pressure-induced phase (at pressures above the critical pressure ${p}_{c}$) is antiferroelectric for both compounds. The pressure-temperature phase diagrams of both compounds were dielectrically determined. The pressure effects on the dielectric properties were found to be striking in comparison with those of the other K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$-type crystals: (i) the ${P}_{s}$ and the Curie constant decrease strongly with pressure at pressures below ${p}_{c}$; and (ii) the critical electric field which induces the forced transition has a very small value and its pressure dependence is very large at pressures above ${p}_{c}$. Such facts reflect the one-dimensional nature characterized by the chainlike ordering of the hydrogen bonds along the $b$ axis. The dielectric properties associated with the paraelectric-ferroelectric and -antiferroelectric transitions are explained by introducing into an Ising spin model (containing the proton tunneling) a spin-spin interaction term within the chain and an interaction term between spins among the chains along the $b$ axis.


In this paper we show a way to solve the need for improved, faster and more reliable development of integrated sensor systems. This can only be achieved when production and calibration uncertainties are considered already in design phase. In our approach, we employ statistical methods base on known or estimated variances and correlations of system parameters. This allows us to model the system completely (under the assumption of Gaussian distributions), by using a reduced parameter set which only contains the aforementioned parameters and their covariance matrix. Since the proposed methodology is especially valuable for the automotive industry, a case-study is presented where we applied this methodology to an integrated automotive magnetic angle sensor system. We can thus show how effectively and reliably this methodology solves statistical requirement needs already in an early development-phase.


Abstract This study examines older couples' dyadic patterns of informal and formal advance care planning (ACP) and determines the associations of these patterns with their own and spousal characteristics. Using data from the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study, we performed a) latent class analysis to identify distinctive ACP engagement patterns and b) multinomial regression models to describe related characteristics of older couples (N = 1,545 couples). We identified four dyadic patterns of ACP engagement: a) high ACP engaging couple (45%); b) high engaging husband – low engaging wife (13%); c) high engaging wife – low engaging husband (11%); and d) low engaging couple (31%). Engagement in informal and formal ACP was associated with both individual and spousal factors: Older couples with advanced age or higher levels of education and wealth were more likely to engage in both informal and formal ACP, whereas only wife's high level of constrain or husband's greater number of depressive symptoms was associated with discordant ACP engagements. Couple-based approach to promote ACP merits older couples with limited resources or poorer psychological health in both or either spouse.


The influence of hydrogen ion concentration under the constant ionic strength, addition of water (0,4 18 mas. %) and KCNS (0,5 10 mM) on the hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics at Armco iron and hydrogen diffusion through steel membrane (300 mcm) has been studied. It is shown that the HER proceeds on Folmer Tafel mechanism with the recombination rate determining step in the investigated media. Water concentration increase in the 0,4 1,4 mas. % range does not influence the hydrogen overvoltage. Further CH2O ten times` increase causes its rise. The HER rate increases with increasing CH, and CKCNS. A dependence of hydrogen diffusion flux through the St3 steel membrane on the studied factors is considered and interpreted.


This paper represents a model of zero-bias resistance area product of InGaSb PIN photodiodes grown on InGaSb metamorphic layer through the analysis of surface leakage and bulk current components of these photodiodes. The model is further developed by considering effects of dislocation density in the diodes. Different optoelectronic properties of the material are extracted by fitting the obtained models with experimental data, such as the values of electron and hole diffusion lengths (L<inf>n</inf> and L<inf>p</inf>), surface recombination velocity inside the material and at the exposed mesa edges (S<inf>n</inf> and s) are found to be 70.34 µm, 6.44 µm, 2.2584×102 cm/s and 4.1195×105 cm/s, respectively. The extracted dislocation density is 6.67×108 cm−2 which is nearly close to the measured value of ∼2–5×108 cm−2 for this type of photodiodes.


Dear Editor: As clinicians and clinical researchers who have studied the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for more than a decade, we reviewed with great interest the article by Schwitzguebel et al published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine (AJSM). This article appears to provide high-level evidence in the treatment of interstitial supraspinatus tears and tendinopathy with the use of PRP. Although this study is considered level 1 evidence (based on the fact that is a randomized controlled trial), as in other articles with seemingly high evidence, these authors failed to appropriately quantify and document what was actually injected. The outdated terminology of ''PRP'' was used instead. This concern has been raised in the past, but unfortunately, studies that consider PRP and other biologic treatments continue to be published without the recommended biologic characterization. Until these biologics are properly identified, these publications will fail to advance the science regarding the efficacy of specific PRP treatments. Thirteen years have elapsed since the initial publications on the use of PRP for tendinopathy, and yet it remains unclear whether ''PRP works.'' A great deal of this controversy remains due to a lack of product standardization. It is evident that not all PRP products are equivalent, and there are multiple processing systems yielding a variety of final PRP products. These final products greatly vary in terms of the actual number of platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. Additionally, some articles refer to ''PRP'' while the injectate was something else, such as autologous conditioned serum, when the methods are reviewed. The lack of detail and accuracy of the treatment is likely to affect its potential efficacy when provided. The AOSSM Biologics Think Tank in 2015 noted 2 primary challenges regarding the science of PRP: characterizing the active elements in the PRP injectate and finding the appropriate dosing regimen. In 2018, a collaborative symposium was held by thought leaders from the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons ''to establish a consensus framework for improving and accelerating the clinical evaluation, use and optimization of biologic therapies for musculoskeletal diseases.'' This document is published in the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons with a specific outline of ''minimal reporting standards for clinical studies evaluating PRP.'' Obviously, this should be the standard for further publications of PRP in the orthopaedic literature. This includes PRP characteristics such as ''platelet concentration, number of platelets delivered, differential leukocyte, and red blood cell analysis of all samples.'' Schwitzguebel et al described a particular PRP system using a blood sample of 8 mL in a single-spin centrifugation with a final product of ''2 mL of PRP.'' This is an inadequate description of a PRP injectate based on the recommended standards from these orthopaedic thought leaders. A classification system for future biological research was presented .4 years ago. Mazzucco et al published data on the Regen Kit, which was used in the current study. They noted that the average platelet concentration was only 1.65 times above baseline, the lowest of all the systems tested in that study. Therefore, it is unclear whether the final product actually reached a concentration over baseline and could be properly categorized as ''PRP,'' as the total number of platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes was not characterized. Finally, the authors provide no clear rationale why the intervention was given on 2 separate occasions 1 month apart. This article describes clinical improvement from a treatment that is no better than a normal saline injection for interstitial rotator cuff tears. Yet the treatment may not even constitute PRP or, at best, is poorly defined. Unfortunately, the readers of this article and clinicians considering the use of PRP using a variety of different systems will not be able to reach any definitive conclusion regarding their specific PRP product in the treatment of interstitial rotator cuff tears. It is difficult to understand why this study could be considered level 1 evidence. Publications that meet the scientific rigor of defining the PRP used will remedy this problem. We urge that the editors of AJSM and other journals require strict characterization of the PRP content prior to publication of future articles on this ongoing controversial topic. This will be of great benefit to the AJSM readers, physicians, and their patients.


Interplanetary missions produce exceptionally large and complex volumes of data that can be extremely difficult to navigate. This is especially true for human missions. This project seeks to develop an integrated data visualization environment that builds on the success of Apollo17.org allowing for integration of operational, engineering and scientific data while also preserving the context under which it was collected during the mission. We will build a product that integrates existing data from the Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL) to improve data visualization for extra vehicular activity and interplanetary missions.


Hverahlid high-temperature geothermal field is one of four high-temperature geothermal fields of the Hengill geothermal area. It is located southeast of the Hengill central volcano. It has not been developed yet, but it shows a field capacity of 90 MWe. Scaling potential with respect to amorphous silica, calcite and anhydride was assessed for the Hverahlid system through processes of adiabatic boiling and conductive cooling of the deep aquifer fluid, during steam production, utilization, separation and reinjection. The scaling potential was studied based on mineral saturation. The calculations were conducted using the WATCH program. Amorphous silica scaling shows a potential to occur in well fluids upon boiling at temperatures below 205°C in production wells, during utilization, in reinjection wells and in aquifers receiving the reinjected fluid. Calcite has the potential to cause scaling in production wells upon extensive boiling but is not considered a risk during utilization at lower temperatures in reinjection and the receiving aquifer. Anhydrite poses no risk of scaling for any of the processes of boiling and conductive cooling that were considered.


John Marshall, filmmaker and activist, is well-known for his lifetime involvement with Ju/wasi(!Kung Bushmen) in Namibia`s Kalahari Desert. His filming career as an ethnographic/documentary filmmaker spans from (1958) to (2002) for more than 50 years. which this paper focuses on is John Marshall`s first major film on the San and has been regarded as classic of ethnographic film. This paper firstly examines Lorence Marshall(John Marshall`s father)`s influence on John Marshall`s filming career in Western Africa. And then it tries to contextualize the background of filmmaking of . Secondly it analyzes by critically assessing two aspects of : ``use of narrative style`` and ``universal perspective``. The paper points out that the ``use of narrative style`` and ``universal perspective`` are dual structure in constructing the text of .


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................ xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 Leadership in the Literature ............................................................................................ 1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of Study ............................................................................................................. 6 Definition of Terms......................................................................................................... 7 Delimitations ................................................................................................................... 8 Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 9 Assumptions .................................................................................................................... 9 Significance of Study ...................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, HISTORIOGRAPHY ................................... 11 The Social Construction of Race in America ............................................................... 12 Situating the Context..................................................................................................... 13 The Negro Problem: "Schooling the Freed People" (Butchart, 2010). ......................... 15 viii The Black Worker ......................................................................................................... 21 Waging War: Black Labor and Higher Education ........................................................ 24 The Black Higher Education Professional: A Post-Civil Rights Assessment .............. 30 Onward to the Glass Ceiling ......................................................................................... 39 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER III LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ............... 53 Realizing Kings' Dream but Missing the Mark: Factors Facilitating Racial Disparities in the College Presidency.............................................................................................. 53 The Glass Cliff .............................................................................................................. 58 Supporting Frameworks ................................................................................................ 72 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 77 CHAPTER IV – RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ................................. 80 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 80 Philosophical Paradigms ............................................................................................... 83 Quantitative Research Methodology and Design ......................................................... 85 Qualitative Research Design and Methodology ........................................................... 99 Mixed Methods Interpretation .................................................................................... 110 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 111 CHAPTER V QUANTITATIVE RESULTS ............................................................... 112 Findings....................................................................................................................... 112 ix Description of Institutions....................................................................................... 112 Prevalence of Adverse Conditions: Research Question 1....................................... 114 Observed Differences in Magnitude: Research Question 2 .................................... 116 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 132 CHAPTER VI – QUALITATIVE RESULTS ................................................................ 135 Description of Participants .......................................................................................... 137 Findings....................................................................................................................... 140 African American Presidents' Career Path ............................................................. 140 African American Presidents' Perceptions of Their Leadership ............................ 146 Situational Leadership Theory and Perceptions of Leadership .............................. 168 African American Presidents' Experiences with Race and Gender........................ 171 Perspectives on Minority Leadership ...................................................................... 199 Critical Race Theory and Participants' Experiences with Race ............................. 202 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 205 Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Results.................................................... 207 Qualitative Data Supporting Quantitative Data ...................................................... 208 Overall Interpretation of Dual Methodologies ........................................................ 210 CHAPTER VII – DISCUSSION .................................................................................... 212 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 212 Discussion of Findings ............................................................................................ 213 x Limitations of the Study.......................................................................................... 223 Implications for Higher Education Practice ............................................................ 224 Directions for Future Research ............................................................................... 231 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 232 APPENDIX A – DESCRIPTION OF IPEDS VARIABLES ......................................... 234 APPENDIX B – IRB APPROVAL LETTER ................................................................. 235 APPENDIX C – FORMAL RECRUITMENT LETTER ............................................... 236 APPENDIX D – FOLLOW UP RECRUITMENT EMAIL ........................................... 237 APPENDIX E – APPROVED ORAL CONSENT FORM ............................................. 238 APPENDIX F – DEMOGRAPHIC FORM .................................................................... 239 APPENDIX G – INTERVIEW PROTOCOL ................................................................. 241 APPENDIX H – COVER LETTER/INTERVIEW FOLLOW UP ................................ 243 APPENDIX I – INTERVIEW FOLLOW UP LETTER ................................................. 244 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 245


Background:
 Across the age spectrum, obesity rates are higher among African Americans (AA) than Whites, particularly women. Previous findings from a large cohort study indicated that risk of all-cause mortality is only moderately elevated with increased weight among AA, but this relationship is a much stronger finding in Whites. In this study, we examined the relationship of baseline body mass index (BMI) to incident all-cause mortality and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular and renal disease (CVRD) events.

 Methods:
 Between 1994 - 2006, 1723 AA (52% women, age: 44±7 yrs., BMI: 29 ± 6 kg/m
 2
 , 51% hypertensive) were recruited for genetic studies of hypertension. Height and weight were obtained at baseline in a standardized manner. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index in 2018 on all subjects. Incidence of fatal/non-fatal CVRD events was obtained and confirmed by review of paper and electronic medical records between 2015-2019 in a sub-sample. Subjects who had either a CVRD event or at least 10 years of follow-up data available with no event were included (n=788). Logistic regression (LR) was performed to determine if BMI predicted mortality or a CVRD event.

 Results:
 There were 325 deaths (19%, time-to-death: 12±3 yrs.) from all causes. During a follow-up of 14±4 yrs., 154 subjects had a CVRD (20%) event/death. There was no difference in age between sexes, but women had a higher BMI compared to men (30±7 vs. 27±5 kg/m
 2
 , p<0.0001). Men had a higher mortality (23% vs. 15%, p<0.0001) and more CVRD events (24% vs. 16%, p = 0.008). The odds ratio (OR) for death was 1.62 (CI: 1.3-2.1, p=0.0002) in men compared to women. Baseline BMI was not predictive of all-cause mortality in the total sample or in men or women separately. BMI predicted CVRD events in men with an OR of 1.08 (CI: 1.03-1.13), i.e. one-unit increase in BMI in men led to 8% increase in odds for CVRD events. However, BMI was not predictive of CVDR events in women (OR: 1.01 [0.98-1.05]).

 Conclusion:
 This is the first study to evaluate the effect of BMI longitudinally on incident CVRD events among AA. Although BMI is the most common metric to define obesity, it is not predictive of CVRD and/or mortality risk among AA women. This factor should be considered while determining cardiovascular disease risk status among AA.


Based on Dr.Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory and related intelligence teaching monograph,and also considersing kungfu teaching situation,the individual strengths and the features of the students intelligence,this article designs a multiple intelligence teaching model and adopt a "single blind" teaching experiment,according to a full teaching model structure requirements.The experiment results,compared with the general,show that the students intelligence in test group has significant differences(P0.05).The multiple intelligence teaching model can effectively stimulate the student interest in learning,and improve teaching quality.


FIGURE 6. Male (A) and female (B) E. curviflava n. sp. known at present only from the eastern slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.Typical are the faint whitish dots on the tegmina and the vivid yellow dorsal side of the abdomen in both sexes.


The transient response of 304 stainless steel electrode under potential step was analyzed.Atomic force microscopy (AFM),a powerful high-resolution imaging technique for determining the structure of surface,was used to examine the growth of the passive film formed on 304 stainless steel in dilute sulfuric acid solution by using alternating voltage (A.V.) passivation.The depth composition profile of the passive film was determined by means of XPS analysis.The experimental results showed that the mechanism of passive film growth under A.V.passivation was different from that under D.C.passivation.


The Consumer Product Safety Commission has been subject to the criticism of all parties involved in the regulation of the safety of consumer products. This paper evaluates the Commission's performance, examining both the sources of the Commission's regulatory problems and the extent to which recent amendments to the Consumer Product Safety Act will ameliorate these problems. Alternative approaches to the regulation of consumer product safety are suggested.


To investigate the impact of planting density,base fertilizer and top dressing on yield and in situ digestibility of Hemarthria compressa,an orthogonal experimental design L9(34) was used to study the grass yield,screenning the optimal combination,and determine the chemical composition and degradability in the rumen of goat.The results showed that under appropriate irrigation and management conditions,planting density of 40mm ×30mm,manure 54kg·18 m-2+ compound fertilizer 2.7kg·18 m-2base fertilizer,manure 18kg·18 m-2+urea 0.16kg·18 m-2after each mowing dressing,the annual grass yield is the highest,reaching 129.47 t·ha-1.Nutrients of grass harvested by three cuttings were analyed.The CP,NDF and ADF of the fist cutting grass were12.04%,62.95% and 48.42%,respectively.The CP content of the first cutting was higher than that of the second cutting(P0.05),and that of the third cutting(20.04%,P0.05); The NDF was lower than that of the second cutting(3.50%,P0.05),and that of the third cutting(7.66%,P0.05); The ADF was lower than that of the second cutting(3.20%,P0.05),and that of the third cutting(6.18%,P0.05).After 72 h culture,the ED value of CP and DM in different cutting were significantly different(P0.05).The first cutting ED value of DM was 36.20%,higher than that of the second cutting(P0.05),and that of the third cutting(P0.05); the first cutting ED values of CP was 45.10%,higher than that of the second cutting(P0.05) and the third cutting; the first cutting ED values of OM was 45.10%,higher than that of the second cutting(P0.05)and that of the third cutting(P0.05).Thus,the nutrition and ruminal degradation rate of the first cutting H.compressa are better than the other cuttings,it can be used in goat feed.


It is necessary to make some assumptions in order to make progress in any area of biology, but it would be conceded that the precision of the conclusions is improved with the substitution of certainty for any of the assumptions made. One of the assumptions that is nearly always made in studies on the comparative ecology of different species is that they really represent reproductively isolated populations, or that changes effected by evolutionary forces acting on one cannot be transmitted to the others. The certainty of reproductive isolation has been established in only cases such as Drosophila, Anopheles, and a number of vertebrates. One group in which the possibilities remain practically unexplored is the ciliate protozoa, particularly the group of species currently known collectively as Parameciumc aurelia (Sonneborn, 19381957). Although identification of the reproductively isolated groups is somewhat tedious, the act of identification confirms the reproductive isolation, and the results of an ecological study on such a group would thus gain considerable precision. An added advantage of working with Paramecium would be that the organisms under investigation are easily grown in the laboratory, and experiments on interspecific relationships could be devised. These experiments could then have more relevance to the field situation than previous experiments on interspecific competition (Gause, Nastukova, and Alpatov, 1934; Park, 1948; Crombie, 1947). Such


The dynamic simulation and scenario analyses on the spatio-temporal patterns of landscape change has become a hotspot in the research field of landscape ecology,is involved with many driving factors.The landscape change of Loess Plateau areas,characterized by ecologically fragile,is more and more concerned by scholars.Affected by the increase of population as well as environmental degradation,great changes have taken place in the structure of landscape in the Loess Plateau areas,which further has resulted in a series of environment crises.This paper reclassified the driving factors into three categories(stable controlling factors,seasonal changing factors and socio-economic factors) and revealed the influencing direction and intensity of different factors on landscape change by logistic analyses between landscape change and its driving factors.Regarding the system dynamic model as the modeling framework,this paper designed models to simulate the spatio-temporal patterns of landscape change in Qingyang prefecture.In terms of the results of the system dynamic model of landscape change and the change of social and economic factors,this paper realized the dynamic simulations of landscape change as well as the scenario analyses of baseline,ecologically-oriented and economically-oriented models in Qingyang prefecture.The comparisons of the simulated results of baseline,ecologically-oriented and economically-oriented scenarios disclose the competitions and successions of landscapes in spatial and temporal scales affected by the integrated effects from all kinds of driving factors.The findings show that some effective measures should be taken to hold back the irreversible but irrational conversions among landscapes to protect the eco-environment and go along with a sustainable development in Qingyang prefecture.In this sense,the research results will serve the decision-making on landscape planning,the rational exploitation of land resources and the implementation of sustainable development strategy of Qingyang prefecture.


This paper introduces the design of a kind of focusing pole modulator applied to the travelling wave tube transmitter of airborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR),discusses the operation principle,choice of switching transistor and the characteristics of isolating pulse transformer,finally gives out the measuring relsult and waveform of the modulator.


Caracciola, Nuvolari, Fangio, Moss, Clark; since the dawn of motor racing, each era has had its heroes men such as these, whose exceptional skill has been recognised by their competitors and supporters alike. What is it that sets these men apart? Can we say, each year, that the 'top twenty' are indeed the finest racing drivers in the world? As sportsmen, racing drivers are unique in the combination of mental and physical stress to which they are subjected. Who do some, apparently gifted, never succeed in Formula One racing? Just what is so different physiologically and psychologically, about the top class racing driver?


Insights in the relationship between religion, conflict and humanitarian action, applied on post-conflict Liberia as a case study and with special attention to the strengths, weaknesses and challenges of the local church - NGO relationship in a post conflict rehabilitation setting.


The production of silica sand in India is 3921 thousand tonnes. Andhra Pradesh, the leading producer accounted for 55% production followed by Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Since last few years due to market trend and more demand in domestic industries like glass, ferro-silicon, iron and steel, refractory, foundry, ceramic, etc. there is steep increase in the production of silica sand (rise of about 48% in production was reported from that of previous year). Iron being the most deleterious element in glass manufacturing industry, attempts were made on a high iron bearing silica sand sample with a view to reduce the Fe2O3 content to ≤0.04% with maximum SiO2 recovery. The Ore Dressing Division of Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur conducted a detailed study on the sample and a simple eco-friendly beneficiation process route was evolved by deploying various equipments like attrition scrubber, vibrating screen (wet), magnetic separator, etc. The silica sand sample studied from Ratnagiri region contained mostly quartz as the principal valuable mineral, other minerals present in the sample in minor to trace amounts are mica, amphibole, tourmaline, rutile, iron oxides, zircon and feldspar. The sample assayed 98.312% SiO2, 0.28% Fe2O3, 0.028% TiO2, 0.61% Al2O3, 79 ppm Cr2O3, 0.023% CaO, 0.01% MgO, 0.077% K2O and 0.23% LOI. On wet screening cum attrition scrubbing of –30 mesh fraction followed by magnetic separation of deslimed sand (–30+100 mesh) fraction produced a silica sand concentrate (non-mag) assaying 99.42% SiO2, 0.042% Fe2O3 with wt.% yield 86.4. This concentrate confirms to the specification for Grade I silica sand for use in glass making.


Nonspherical collapse is modelled, under the Zeldovich approximation, by six-dimensional random walks of the initial deformation tensor field. The collapse boundary adopted here is a slightly-modified version of that proposed by Chi-ueh and Lee (2001). Not only the mass function agrees with the fitting formula of Sheth and Tormen (1999), but the bias function and conditional mass function constructed by this model are also found to agree reasonably well with the simulation results of Jing (1998) and Somerville et al. (2000), respectively. In particular, by introducing a small mass gap, we find a fitting formula for the conditional mass function, which works well even at small time intervals between parent and progenitor halos during the merging history. Subject headings:


A survey of table wine processing practices in eight varietal table wine wineries was initiated in 1967. The first phase of the survey, covering grape processing through fermentation, was reported in 1969. The second phase, covering wine processing through bottling and bottle aging, is the subject of this paper. The first paper (1) in this series covered varieties, grape and juice handling, and fermentation. This paper surveys clarification, stabilization, and aging operations in the cellar, and bottling operations and bottle aging.


One problem with the adaptive tracking is that the data that are used to train the new target model often contain errors and these errors will affect the quality of the new target model. As time passes by, these errors will accumulate and eventually lead the tracker to drift away. In this paper, we propose a new method based on online data fusion to alleviate this tracking drift problem. Based on combining the spatial and temporal data through a dynamic Bayesian network, the proposed method can improve the quality of online data labeling, therefore minimizing the error associated with model updating and alleviating the tracking drift problem. Experiments show the proposed method significantly improves the performance of an existing adaptive tracking method.


We report a case of an elderly male with predominant obstructive sleep apnea and who developed or complex sleep apnea (CxSA) at the start of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration. This CxSA was more prominent in supine position, and he was not settling with either CPAP/bilevel positive airway pressure (PAP) in supine position. He finally settled with CPAP along with position therapy. This case highlights the importance of treating CxSA with basic PAP modes like CPAP along with positional therapy before switching to costlier therapies such as adaptive servo-ventilation.


If radiated susceptibility testing in a mode-stirred chamber (MSC) is used to test equipment that in its real operation may become irradiated by plane waves it is necessary to increase the test level, i.e. add a margin. In order to find out typical magnitudes of this margin coupling measurements to the interior of several objects have been carried out both in mode-stirred and anechoic chamber (AC). The results show that the maximum coupling in the anechoic chamber is 10-15 dB higher than the coupling measured in the mode-stirred chamber. Also, the assumption of isotropic field conditions in the mode-stirred chamber is strongly supported by the measurements. Finally, it is shown that the statistical distribution of the equipment's internal field when rotating the stirrer in an MSC is not the same as when the angle of incidence is varied in an AC.


Water is the main need for any kind of living things. The main source of the water on earth is Sea water. We have fresh water lakes and rivers around the world for drinking purpose, but the scarcity of water came in to existence in 20 th century. Therefore, we need to use sea water, which is very plenty around the world, but presently the sea water is not used for drinking purpose. So, we need to convert the salt water in to fresh water for drinking purpose. There are many ways to convert salt water in to fresh water. The converting of salt water in to fresh water, we need more amounts of any type of sources like fuels, solar etc. This paper represents a water purification technique using solar energy named as solar desalination. Even though a lot of work has been done in previous research by using solar desalination technique, the use of Phase Change Material (PCM) to increase the efficiency of the solar still and compare the performance of the solar still with PCM and without PCM. A simple single basin stage still with an inclined transparent surface for the collection of condensed vapors as they fall down. The main purpose to use PCM is to increase the productivity during evenings (when


In this paper, a reconstruction method of Electrical Impedance Tomography which based on the method of equipotential back-projection is analyzed in detail. and on the workbench constructed by a virtual instrument software: LabVIEW, it has accomplished Electrical Impedance Tomography's image reconstruction. The results showed the equipotential back-projection algorithm can locate the object's position in the field with precision under all kinds of distribution of conductivity.


PURPOSE: To provide the protein-reactivating agent free from physiological activity due to its steric structure. CONSTITUTION: The protein-reactivating agent having the same primary structure as a protein having a physiological activity but not having a physiological activity because of its having a different steric structure contains DsbA as an active ingredient. The DsbA (another name: PpfA) is an enzyme known to be present in the periplasm fraction of Escherichia coli. A protein free from physiological activity can be reactivated in a short time without considerably increasing the volume of a protein solution. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The economy of Jammu and Kashmir mainly depends on primary sector and among the primary sector horticulture is the main contributor and is considered as backbone of state economy, but in this sector planners and horticulture board at state level does not pay any proper attention with the result our productivity of Apple fruit ranges from 8-11 tons /he against the Australia 90tons/ha, 26tons/ha in USA, the implementation of National Horticulture Mission in the state also does not show any great change as compared to our neighbouring states this happens only because of mismanagement by state horticulture board and the key managers. Whatever have been the circumstances this sector on its own and hard work by cultivators helps the state economy from decades and if proper attention is paid on new NHM guidelines and suggestion given on paper from the cultivators point of view, then Apple industry will boost the Jammu Kashmir economy


This brief is devoted to present a general method to characterize precisely the external positivity property of linear time-invariant continuous-time dynamic systems which is based on the Post formula for Laplace inversion.


A DC-AC power inverter contains parasitic inductances in a DC-linked wire and a load wire. These parasitic components may cause oscillation in the output voltage of the inverter, and cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues to other power electronic circuits in the system. In this paper, an effect of the parasitic inductances on the DC-linked wire and load wire of the power inverter are analyzed. To model the power inverter, advanced dynamic IGBT model of the ANSYS Simplorer tool which contains the information of the three parasitic capacitances between collector-gate (CCG), collector-emitter (CCE) and gate-emitter (CGE) is adopted.


Based on the analysis of regional geological background, relevant work is carried out through experimental testing, logging evaluation, and reservoir forming characteristics analysis and drilling productivity statistics. The analysis shows that the residual organic carbon content of the Upper Paleozoic coal measure source rocks in the Su 11 block ranges from 40.86% to 70.75%, and the residual organic carbon content of the dark mudstone ranges from 0.51% to 26.80%. The organic matter is mainly composed of vitrinite and inordinate with carbon isotope ranging from -24.81 ‰ to 22.64 ‰ and type 3. The vitrinite reflectance distribution of source rocks is between 1.2% and 2.1%, and is in the mature-high maturity stage. The total gas generation intensity of source rocks is between (10-50) × 108m3 and km2. The plane shows "strong north weak" Tight sandstone gas migrates into the reservoir through "near source", and the gas source conditions have significant control over the gas reservoir distribution.


Abstract: The method of fundamental solu-tions is coupled with the boundary control tech-nique to solve the Cauchy problems of theLaplaceEquations. Themainideaoftheproposedmethod is to solve a sequence of direct problemsinsteadofsolvingtheinverse problemdirectly. Inparticular,weusea boundarycontroltechniquetoobtain an approximation of the missing Dirichletboundary data; the Tikhonov regularization tech-nique and the L-curve method are employed toachieve such goal stably. Once the boundarydataon the whole boundary are known, the numericalsolution to the Cauchy problem can be obtainedby solving a direct problem. Numerical exam-plesare providedfor verificationsoftheproposedmethod on the steady-state heat conductionprob-lems. Keyword: Method of fundamental solution,methodofparticularsolution,collocationmethod,Tikhonovregularization,L-curve. 1 Introduction The Cauchy problem for an elliptic equation isa typical ill-posed problem whose solution doesnot depend continuously on the boundary data.That is, a small error in the specified data mayresult in an enormous error in the numerical so-lution. This problem appears in many applica-tions for example in the cardiography, the non-destructive testing, and etc. Stable and efficientnumerical methods are of highimportance. How-ever, it is well-known that the Cauchy problemfor an elliptic equation is ill-posed without any