A new sodium indium phosphate Na 6In 4[P 7O 24(OH) 5]·4H 2O was synthesized under a mild hydrothermal condition and its structure was determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The title compound crystallizes in a hexagonal system, space group P6 3, with a= 0.950 23(5) nm, b=0.950 23(5) nm, c=1.694 2(2) nm, α=90°, β=90°, γ=120°, V=1.324 8(2) nm 3, Z=8, structure refined to R=0.052 8 and wR=0.116 5 for 2 134 independent observed reflections. The three-dimensional network structure consists of helical chains formed by apex-sharing polyhedra. The connection of the chains results in 4- and 8-polyhedral rings and cages centered by three indium metal connecting oxygen atoms formed by three 4-rings. The three-connected oxygen atom is firstly observed in indium phosphate systems.


Based on eco-tourism concept,this paper described basic features of eco-tourism resources and significance of eco-tourism development in the Xianghai Nature Reserve.Principles and strategies were proposed for eco-tourism development in the Xianghai Nature Reserve.


I. INTRODUCTION The legal system frequently lags behind technological innovation. This requires Congress to amend existing acts or create statutes to attempt to keep pace with technological innovations as it did with the Computer Software Act of 1980 which amended the Copyright Act by adding a definition of computer programs, (1) or when it enacted the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. (2) The Supreme Court similarly has had to apply existing law to new technology, as it did in 1984 in Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. concerning the videotape recorder, (3) and again in 2005 in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. concerning Internet peer-to-peer file sharing software. (4) This article will examine how the Court has applied secondary liability for copyright infringement to emerging technologies, first in Sony in 1984, (5) and most recently, at the time of the publication, in Grokster twenty-one years later in 2005. (6) This article will first discuss direct and secondary copyright infringement, (7) and will briefly examine the AM (2) musical works including any accompanying words; (3) dramatic works including any accompanying music; (4) pantomimes and choreographic works; (5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works; (6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works; (7) sound recordings; and (8) architectural works." (13) The owner of the copyright has the exclusive right to: "(1) reproduce the copyrighted work; (2) to prepare derivative works; (3) to distribute copies of the work; ... [and] (6) in the case of sound recordings, to perform or display the copyrighted work." (14) The copyright term in the United States is now the author's life plus seventy years, (15) or in the case of anonymous, pseudonymous, or works made for hire, the copyright lasts for the shorter of ninety-five years from publication, or one hundred twenty years from creation, (16) under the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998. (17) Anyone who violates any of these exclusive rights is an infringer, according to the Copyright Act. (18) To establish direct copyright infringement, the plaintiff must establish ownership of a copyright and unauthorized copying of that original work of authorship. (19) Under common law, secondary copyright infringement may occur under the theories of contribution or vicarious infringement for the direct infringement by another. Contributory copyright infringement occurs when one "induces, causes, or materially contributes to the infringing conduct of another," by one who knows or has reason to know of the direct infringement. (20) Vicarious copyright infringement is an outgrowth of the doctrine of respondeat superior, and occurs when one "has the right and ability to supervise the infringing activity, and has a direct interest in the infringing activity." (21) Civil damages available for copyright infringement include actual damages and profits, (22) or statutory damages, (23) and an injunction against the infringing activity. (24) Sony Corp. …


McCarthy's theorem for the mapping class group of a closed hyperbolic surface states that for any two mapping classes σ,τ∈ Mod (S) there is some power N such that the group ⟨σN,τN⟩ is either free of rank two or abelian, and gives a geometric criterion for the dichotomy. The analogous statement is false in linear groups, and unresolved for outer automorphisms of a free group. Several analogs are known for exponentially growing outer automorphisms satisfying various technical hypothesis. In this article we prove an analogous statement when σ and τ are linearly growing outer automorphisms of Fr , and give a geometric criterion for the dichotomy. Further, Hamidi‐Tehrani proved that for Dehn twists in the mapping class group this independence dichotomy is uniform: N=4 suffices. In a similar style, we obtain an N that depends only on the rank of the free group.


This study investigated attrition rates in selected primary schools in Delta State, Nigeria, involving 5,545 pupils comprising 3,014 boys and 2,531 girls using the 2003 cohort. A checklist collected data on the flow of pupils from all available school records from the start of cohort to graduation. Percentage and mean were used for data analysis. Average attrition rate found was 19.24%, highest was 36.60% for a public/rural/small school, lowest was 7.24% for a private/urban/large school, 15.60% for boys and 23.59% for girls. Generally, attrition rates were higher in girls than in boys, and in public than private, rural than urban, and small than large schools. These rates were all lower than the fifty percent and above found in earlier studies in Nigeria, indicating improvement in school attendance, reduction in wastages, and improvement in girl-child education. Although these rates did not meet the UNESCO's one percent minimum, they did not exceed its fifty percent maximum, and were not as alarming as older studies indicated. The index of wastage provided by these rates would help government in strategizing and projecting targets for achieving the EFA and MDG goals by 2015. There is however room for greater improvement if public primary schools were better equipped and greater campaign pursued for formal girl-child education.


A series of esters of the type I and II was prepared utilizing 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. The pharmacological testing of one of these esters is reported.


Abstract First of all I would like to thank you for inviting me to speak today on a subject very close to my own heart and which, in many ways, reflects my own career in psychology and education. When, as a mature student, I completed my honours degree in psychology at the Queen's University of Belfast, I could not decide whether to follow this up with a PhD or alternatively complete a professional qualification which would allow me to practice as a psychologist. In the end I opted for the former. Not, I have to say from a burning desire to push back the frontiers of science, but rather from a purely pragmatic point of view - I wanted to be able to spend a little more time with my family than studying for a professional qualification would allow!


Sorghum is the largest crop in Sudan, where Sudan is one of the most important countries producing sorghum in the world. Sudan is the fifth country after China, India, USA and Nigeria in sorghum production worldwide. Sorghum is the most important crop and livestock feed. The study aims at forecasting the sorghum production in Sudan. The study using Box-Jenkins methodology in time series analysis which is the optimal method applied to the pattern. This method consists of four steps namely identification, estimation, diagnostic checking, and forecasting by ARIMA models. Future forecasts drawn there show that the sorghum production will be likely to increases in coming years.


Abstract : With the advancement of computer hardware and software computer simulations are now able to run faster and track more elements than ever before burdening the analyst with more and more data to analyze. Air Mobility Command's (AMC) Airlift Flow Model (AFM) is the Air Force's logistics simulator that simulates multi-day mobility scenarios in a matter of minutes producing megabytes of output data. Because the analysts' needs for summaries, trends, and comparisons of the data have surpassed the capabilities of current desktop spreadsheet analysis techniques new tools are needed.


This paper considered the emerging use of predictive analytics in the justice domain with respect to potential bias. It discussed predictive algorithms and methods from the perspectives of reported crime and community safety in the United States. Although predictive algorithms, techniques, and implementation contexts are emerging, imperfection exists with respect to their use. Despite any effectiveness or efficiency of using predictive algorithms, such use should neither deny human rights nor transgress societal laws. Regardless, the emergence of predictive policing fuels and enhances the classic debate of balancing liberty versus security within a civil society.


Perovskite-type LaCoO3 was prepared by stearic acid solution combustion method and characterized by XRD, DSC-TG, and XPS techniques. The catalytic activities of LaCoO3 for HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) thermal decomposition were investigated. The as-prepared LaCoO3 shows higher activity than the calcined one. This could be due to higher concentration of surface-adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl species as well as higher BET surface area of the as-prepared LaCoO3.


Because of their rapid mutation rate and resulting large number of alleles, microsatellite DNA are well suited to examine the genetic or demographic structure of fish populations. However, the large number of alleles imply that large sample sizes are required for accurate reflection of genotypic frequencies. Estimates of genetic distance are often biased at small sample sizes, and biases and sampling variances can be affected by the number of, and distances between, alleles. Using data from a large collection of larval cod (Gadus morhua) from a single area, I examined the effect of sample size on seven genetic distance and two structure metrics. Pairs of samples (equal or unequal) of various sizes were drawn at random from a pool of 856 individuals scored for six microsatellite loci. ( delta µ)2, DSW, RST, and FST were the best performers in terms of bias and variance. Sample sizes of 50 <= N <= 100 individuals were generally necessary for precise estimation of genetic distances and this value depended on...


Cervical incompetence is one of the main contributors to repeated pregnancy loss and preterm delivery. Typically it results in progressive cervical dilatation, leading to a painless second or early third trimester abortion. Emergency cerclage can be used in the setting of advanced cervical incompetence, even when fetal membranes bulge through the dilated cervix. To facilitate the procedure, various techniques have been developed to replace the fetal membranes into the uterine cavity. We performed six successful cases of emergency cerclage combined with amnioreduction in advanced incompetent internal os of cervix (IIOC). Interval from emergency cerclage to delivery was 8.1 2.4 weeks (range 4-10 weeks) and we delivered viable fetuses in all but one. Hereby we report our experiences with a brief review of literature.


Return migration may be associated with the addition of new human capital, entrepreneurial skills and investment funds in the country of origin. The size of these stimuli will likely depend upon the characteristics of the return migrants and the motivation for their return. This paper presents an analysis of the determinants of the probability of Albanian return migrants being in employment. This study examines the role of the socio-demographic characteristics of returning migrants; their experience while abroad and the motivations for their return. The results suggest that being male, holding a university degree, being unemployed before returning and receiving training while abroad increase the probability of finding a job after return. The higher probability of returnees being in employment or self-employment indicates that the overall benefits to the economy of return migrants may be much larger than previously thought. Facilitating or accelerating the social integration and employability of return migrants to Albania could encourage more emigrants to return and provide a further boost to its economy.


As many as one in five children in custody has attempted suicide, while many more self-harm. Joe Lepper explores what the youth secure estate and health services are doing to reduce risk and protect the welfare of this vulnerable group


Previously, a general expression of fatigue crack growth rate was derived by one of the authors, based on the concept of crack energy density. In this paper, the meanings of that expression and the parameters of which that expression is composed are considered ; and the meaning of conventional expression like the law of Paris is also made clear. Experiments of fatigue crack growth and finite element analyses corresponding to these experiments are carried out, the influences of the differences of material, type of load and crack length or the like on the parameters and crack growth rate are discussed based on the results and it is verified that such influences can be evaluated by the general expression above. It is also pointed out that, if the constitutive relation of the material is given, it may be possible to evaluate the growth rate as well as influences of various differences.


This report describes a novel mutation in the TSP1-6 domain of ADAMTS13 in a family with inherited thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. See related perspective article on page 166. The inherited deficiency of ADAMTS13 is usually associated with severe forms of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Among the mutations identified in the ADAMTS13 gene, none have been described on the TSP1-6 repeat domain. We investigated an Iranian family with a history of chronic recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, severe ADAMTS13 deficiency and a heterogeneous pattern of clinical symptoms among affected members. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous deletion of nucleotides 2930–2935 (GTGCCC) in exon 23 of ADAMTS13, leading to the replacement of Cys977 by a Trp and the deletion of Ala978 and Arg979 in the TSP1-6 repeat domain. To explore the mechanism of ADAMTS13 deficiency, in vitro expression studies were performed. Western blotting, pulse-chase labeling and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated a secretion pathway defect of the mutant protein, with no intracellular accumulation. This finding is consistent with the severe ADAMTS13 deficiency but does not explain the heterogeneous clinical picture of the 3 siblings carrying the same mutation.


The X-ray emission of coronal flare sources can be explained considering the kappa electron distribution. Motivated by this fact, we study the problem of how hot plasma with the kappa distribution of electrons is confined in these sources. For comparison, we analyze the same problem but with the Maxwellian distribution. We use a 3-D particle-in-cell code, which is large in one direction and thus effectively only one-dimensional, but describing all electromagnetic effects. In the case with the Maxwellian distribution, and in agreement with the previous studies, we show a formation of the double layer at the hot-cold transition region that suppresses the flux of hot electrons from hot plasma into the cold one. In the case with the kappa distribution, contrary to the Maxwellian case, we found that there are several fronts with the double layers in the hot-cold transition region. It is caused by a more extended tail in the kappa case than in the Maxwellian one. The electrons from the extended tail freely escape from the hot plasma into a cold one. They form a beam which generates the return current and also Langmuir turbulence, where at some locations Langmuir waves are accumulated. At these locations owing to the ponderomotive force, Langmuir waves generate density depressions, where the double layers with the thermal fronts, suppressing the hot electron flux, are formed. We also show how protons are accelerated in these processes. Finally, we compared the kappa and Maxwellian cases and discussed how these processes could be observed.


LSE100 fellow Alice Evans discusses her latest research on maternal health care in Zambia, presented at a recent LSE Africa seminar.


Exception handling is one of the most complicated issues in pipelined processors. Several incomplete instructions are in process in the pipeline at any instant in time, and an exception may cause a state change of the processor (Hennessy and Patterson, 2002) at any such instant. Prior research efforts have proposed mechanisms for precise exception handling, but it is difficult to achieve precise exception handling in minimal area as required by embedded and processing-in-memory systems. This paper presents a correct and efficient exception handling scheme with a modest hardware resource. The presented idea maintains precise exception handling in the case of discrete control flow and has been implemented in 90 nm technology.


Objective On the basis of the lasted clinical experience,our group will discuss the treatmented mechanism of Chinese herb kang-xian-er-hao(KXEH) ameliorate hepatic cirrhosis. Methods Male wistar rats were divided into five groups,excepted for normal group N,the remnant four groups were all given intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum((0.5) ml/time,2 times/week,total 12 weeks).In KXEH early treatment group B,the rats were fed with KXEH by gavage,1 g/100 g,once a day at the third week.In KXRH late treatment group C,the rats were fed with KXEH by gavage,1 g/100 g,once a day at the ninth week.In γ-interferon treated group D the rats were subcutaneous injection γ-interferon((0.1) million) every day at the ninth week.The model group A and normal group N were fed with the same amount of saline by gavage.The rats were killed at the end of the twelfth weeks,the formation of liver fibrosis was observed with HE stain and Masson stain.The expression of Smooth muscle actin(SMA) was observed by immunohistochemistry.As well as SMA,collagen Ⅰ、Ⅲ mRNA and Smad3 mRNA,which is TGF-β1 downstream signal,were detected in liver samples with RT-PCR assay. Results In KXEH treated group B and C,the body weight was heavier,the size of liver and spleen was smaller and the ratio of liver weight/body weight and spleen weight/body weight was decreased compared with the model group A(P(0.05)).Upon pathological examination and with HE stain and Masson stain assay,the KXEH treated groups had some reverse effects on the rat's fibrotic liver.In group B the grade of liver fibrosis was decreased apparently compared with the model group A(P(0.05)). On the rat's fibrotic liver,the expression of type-Ⅰ,type-Ⅲ collagen SMA and Smad3 mRNA was markedly reduced in the KXEH treated group B as compared with the model group A(P(0.05)).Moreover the expression of SMA through the immunohistochemistry assay was obviously decreased in the KXEH treated groups.A high relativity was found between the expression of Smad3 mRNA and the expression of typeⅠ,type-Ⅲ collagen mRNA SMA(r=(0.890)).Conclusions KXEH has a good reverse effect on the the rat's fibrotic liver that was prepared by immune injury.It seems the reverse effect of KXEH is in part due to the suppression of the hepatic stellate cell(HSC) proliferation and inhibit the expression of Smad3,which is hepatic fibrotic correlative cytokine TGF-β1 downstream signal.


The gills of Serrasalmus nattereri (Kner) were examined for Dactylogyridae from 2 distant locations in the Brazilian Amazon to determine species composition and morphologic variation. Three new genera are proposed. Amphithecinm gen. n. is characterized in part by species possessing 2 dorsal bilateral vaginal pores. Notothecium gen. n. is distinguished by species having a vagina looping the left intestinal caecum and opening sinistrodorsally. The vagina in species of Notozothecium gen. n. loops the right intestinal caecum and opens on the dextrodorsal surface of the trunk. The following species are described: Anacanthorus thatcheri sp. n., A. maltai sp. n., A. reginae sp. n., A. rondonensis sp. n., A. sp., Amphithecium calycinum sp. n., A. camelum sp. n., A. brachycirrum sp. n., A.falcatum sp. n., A. junki sp. n., A. catalaoensis sp. n., Notothecium mizellei sp. n., N. aegidatum sp. n., Notozothecium penetrarum sp. n., and N. minor sp. n. Two morphologic forms of Am- phithecium camelum (A. camelum forma amazonas and A. camelum forma rondonia) are reported from the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Rondonia, respectively. The community structure of the Dactylogyridae from S. natteren differs somewhat with respect to species present between Amazonas and Rondonia, although some species occur at both locations. A hypothesis for the terminal phylogeny of species of'Amphithecium, Notothecium, and Notozothecium is presented.


Some of the neurons in the nucleus intercollicularis and auditory cortex of the echolocating bat Eptesicus fuscus respond selectively to sonar echoes occurring with specific echo delays or pulse-echo intervals. They do not respond for a wide range of other types of sounds or for sonar echoes at longer or shorter pulse-echo intervals; they may, therefore, be specialized for detection and ranging of sonar targets.


The economic crisis of the last few years has affected each sector of the world economy in some way. Specific conditions and governmental policy introduced in Poland meant that, in comparison to other countries, the economy demonstrated considerable resistance to the crisis (Sawicka, 2011). As experts point out, a significant impact in this area was made by Polish entrepreneurs, who did not give in to the pessimistic mood. For businesses, the period of economic downturn is difficult, but also, as noted by A. Sawicka (2011), extremely mobilising. This is due to the fact that crises force the owners to review their goals and implement changes - both in relation to the management of their own company, as well as in relation to the market. The subjects of the analysis in this paper are agritourism activities, with particular emphasis on the market and entrepreneurial behaviour in times of economic crisis. The analysis was based on the results of research, conducted on a group of agritourism farms from across Poland. These studies were to identify whether respondents notice any changes in the operation of their farms, and, as a result, whether they feel any impact of the economic crisis on the functioning of these agritourism enterprises.


This paper introduces the realization method of Beidou anti-jamming antenna hardware and software, theory analysis and MATLAB simulation of antenna array and adaptive algorithm. The space time joint anti-jamming algorithm based on the linear constraint minimum variance criterion is adopted as the core of the anti-jamming processor. It is designed and implemented successfully. the anti-jamming ability of the antenna is tested and verified. The antenna has the capability of resisting single jam 75 dB and resisting three jam 60 dB. Finally, the difference between theoretical simulation and practical implementation is analyzed, and future work is prospected.


In the design of closed-loop networked control systems (NCSs), induced transmission delay between sensors and the control station is an often-present issue which compromises control performance and may even cause instability. A very relevant scenario in which network-induced delay needs to be investigated is costly usage of communication resources. More precisely, advanced communication technologies, e.g., 5G, are capable of offering latency-varying information exchange for different prices. Therefore, induced delay becomes a decision variable. It is then the matter of decision maker's willingness to either pay the required cost to have low-latency access to the communication resource, or delay the access at a reduced price. In this letter, we consider optimal price-based bi-variable decision making problem for single-loop NCS with a stochastic linear time-invariant system. Assuming that communication incurs cost such that transmission with shorter delay is more costly, a decision maker determines the switching strategy between communication links of different delays such that an optimal balance between the control performance and the communication cost is maintained. In this letter, we show that, under mild assumptions on the available information for decision makers, the separation property holds between the optimal link selecting and control policies. As the cost function is decomposable, the optimal policies are efficiently computed.


The aim of this study is to describe the cholangiographic features and endoscopic management of biliary cast syndrome (BCS), a rare specific ischemic cholangiopathy following liver transplantation.


Significance: A new cheap and general method for the cross-coupling of heterocycles is presented in this article. A wide range of heterocycles was subjected to Pd-catalyzed C–H activation with subsequent cross-coupling to aryl and heteroaryl chlorides. This method was shown to be applicable to both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl chlorides furnishing good yields in almost all cases. Comment: This new C–H activation–cross-coupling sequence has a very high practical value for the syntheses of biologically active compounds. A number of heterocycles are shown to be directly functionalizable by C–H activation. The possibility of their cross-coupling with the readily available aryl chlorides which are cheaper than their bromide or iodide equivalents is of considerable economic interest. Cl


(57) [summary] the following formula I [In the formula, Y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, OH, CN, a NO 2, Si (CH 3) 3, CF 3 or halogen atom ,Also In represents a group represented by and the remaining substituents are defined as follows. X represents O, S or NR 13, A represents O or NR 4, R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halo - C 1 -C 4 alkyl, cyclopropyl group, alkoxymethyl group 1 -C 4, alkoxy group of C 1 -C 4, C 1 -C alkylthio group or a cyano group 4, R 2 is a hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 6 to -C 3, a cyano group, an unsubstituted or substituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, to have been di (C 1 -C or substituted unsubstituted 6 alkyl) aminocarbonyl group, an alkyl -S (O) q group having 1 to carbon atoms are or substituted unsubstituted 6, unsubstituted or substituted aryl -S (O q group, a unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl group, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, or unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl radical, R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl group having 6 C 3 -C been or substituted phenyl or unsubstituted which is unsubstituted or substituted It represents a pyridyl group, and the remaining substituents are defined herein. The compound represented by] are pesticidal active ingredients. They agriculture, controlling harmful organisms in horticulture and the hygiene sector, in particular microbicides, may be used as insecticides and acaricides.


& I WELCOME THE readers to the 5th issue of year 2020, the September 2020 issue of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (MCE). We are in the middle of the global impact of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for the last several months. The importance of the healthcare system is self-evident along with the other essentials, such as electric power systems, water supply systems, and communication systems, which help to overcome the difficulties. In the July 2020 issue of MCE, we covered Transportation Cyber-Physical System (T-CPS). I am pleased that the current issue is dedicated to Healthcare Cyber-Physical System (H-CPS).


Measurements of heat transfer on spherically blunted cones of various bluntness ratios in high-enthalpy hypervelocity air flows obtained using a free-piston-driven shock tunnel are described. The stagnation enthalpies considered were in the range 14—20-MJ/kg (equivalent to flight speeds 4—6-km/s). The corresponding equilibrium stagnation temperatures were in the range 7000-9000 K. Comparison of measured data showed reasonable agreement with the classical theory of Lees 1 for small bluntness ratios while the large bluntness ratio results compared well with the empirical theory of Griffith and Lewis.4


How did workers make provisions for old age before the introduction of old age pensions? What was the relative importance of dependence on children and saving for old age respectively? This article concerns the transition from a traditional family-based system for economic support in old age to a more modern system. Regarding the nineteenth century, studies have shown that (a) savings generally were insufficient for full retirement, and that (b) families were dependent on children's incomes when the breadwinner became older. Little attention has been paid to the question of how the relative importance of these two alternatives changed during the century. This question is addressed here in a cross-sectional study of net wealth based on probate inventories for three Swedish towns in the 1820s and the 1900s. The results show that in general the economic importance of children was larger among the lower socio-economic strata. They also reveal that net costs for having children increased between the investigated periods. This means that dependence on children became more expensive. Consequently, the economic importance of this alternative decreased. This may have been a strong motive for the fertility transition. On the other hand, net wealth for workers increased at the end of the nineteenth century. Financial assets constituted a great part of the increase. Workers with children had less financial savings than those without children, showing that there was a conflict between the traditional and the modern systems for support in old age. However, still at the turn of the twentieth century funds were generally too small to allow an old worker to retire. These results indicate that neither the old, nor the modern systems, fully satisfied the need for support in old age. This may explain why several Western European countries introduced old age pensions at the beginning of the twentieth century.


The Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), previously known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) lies between the Indus River in the east and the Suleiman mountain range in the west, with an area of 74,521 sq. km. It comprises of 18 districts and Provincially Administered Tribal Area (PATA), consisting of Malakand Agency, which is further divided into districts of Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Chitral, Swat, Buner, Shangla and areas of Kala Dhaka. Swat is one of the districts of PATA, Malakand Division.


In the article the main phases of low evolution of «tax» term are described. Here the virtues and shortcomings of suggested by lowers terms are being analyzed, the signs of tax are being concluded and improvements of legal term of tax recommendations are being given.


The COVID-19 pandemic caused an alteration in many industries. The utilisation of distance learning opportunities has rapidly increased. This study aimed to evaluate teacher attitudes towards distance learning and demonstrate the effects of their personality traits and job satisfaction on their attitudes and the relationship among these factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire. Four hundred sixty-four teachers from several schools, different units and fields of study attended the research. The data was collected via the Introductory Information Form, Attitude Scale Towards Distance Learning (ATDL), Big Five Personality Traits Scale (BFPTs), and Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). When the total points from the attitude scale towards distance learning are compared, there is no significant difference in gender, branch, institution, or working at the weekends, but age, educational background, having a child, and income satisfaction have a significant effect. There was no relation between any personality trait and attitude towards distance learning. Because variables such as age and income satisfaction affect the attitude towards distance learning, changeable variables emerge. It is essential to support older teachers in technology use. Making necessary alterations in teachers' incomes should be considered an essential factor. The reasons for the fact that teachers still prefer in-person education should be investigated. Physical condition sufficiency can be related to the perception of distance education qualification, and a sufficient technological structure can contribute positively.


This work aims at improvising the security and authenticity of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) using a trusted third party application. This system would in turn benefit all the customers who have a valid ATM card registered officially with their mobile number. This system provides the following facilities of withdrawing currency at any remote terminal, verification of the end users identity using Personal Identification Number and an authentic One-TimePasskey (Pk) validation through the mobile. The customers, without any insider privileges, can withdraw currency without being detected by any mechanisms of theft of card and eaves dropping of the Password from the card holders within the terminal software are also the major threat yet to be addressed. A basic solution is the ATM systems having a two tier authentication Pk and Random Security Question (RSQ) are being generated and validated from the user's input from the ATM Terminal with authenticity being ensured and the confidentiality being maintained. In such a system, the correctness burden on the terminal's code is significantly less as the customers have been given the chance to authorize themselves from their hand-held devices and are allowed to withdraw currency in terminal only after their identity is proved by a series of authentication procedures. In this paper along with the dual tier authentication implementation, the issues arise along with them and the solvencies to these issues related to the generation of the RSQ and Pk independent and unique for each session are addressed. Keywords— Automated Teller Machine; Authenticity; Encryption; Random Security Question; Security


This paper presents the ACL (Advanced Computing Lab) Message Passing Library. It is a high throughput, low latency communications library, based on Thinking Machines Corp.`s CMMD, upon which message passing applications can be built. The library has been implemented on the Cray T3D, Thinking Machines CM-5, SGI workstations, and on top of PVM.


Significance Biomolecular motor proteins like myosin generate mechanical force from the chemical energy of ATP. Like gas engines, they have different parts (protein domains) that run through a well-defined cycle of motions, consuming one ATP per cycle. Because ATP is very stable, motor proteins catalyze its breakdown (hydrolysis). The catalytic mechanism is at the core of understanding how these motors work, because the activation of the catalytic ATPase-function coordinates the motion of the different domains. Identifying which protein groups are essential for catalysis allows one to understand how the precise coupling between ATPase activation and mechanical motion is achieved. Moreover, ATPases are involved in most biochemical processes and are expected to have a catalytic strategy very similar to the one reported here. Myosin is a molecular motor responsible for biological motions such as muscle contraction and intracellular cargo transport, for which it hydrolyzes adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Early steps of the mechanism by which myosin catalyzes ATP hydrolysis have been investigated, but still missing are the structure of the final ADP·inorganic phosphate (Pi) product and the complete pathway leading to it. Here, a comprehensive description of the catalytic strategy of myosin is formulated, based on combined quantum–classical molecular mechanics calculations. A full exploration of catalytic pathways was performed and a final product structure was found that is consistent with all experiments. Molecular movies of the relevant pathways show the different reorganizations of the H-bond network that lead to the final product, whose γ-phosphate is not in the previously reported HPγO42− state, but in the H2PγO4− state. The simulations reveal that the catalytic strategy of myosin employs a three-pronged tactic: (i) Stabilization of the γ-phosphate of ATP in a dissociated metaphosphate (PγO3−) state. (ii) Polarization of the attacking water molecule, to abstract a proton from that water. (iii) Formation of multiple proton wires in the active site, for efficient transfer of the abstracted proton to various product precursors. The specific role played in this strategy by each of the three loops enclosing ATP is identified unambiguously. It explains how the precise timing of the ATPase activation during the force generating cycle is achieved in myosin. The catalytic strategy described here for myosin is likely to be very similar in most nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes.


We have previously shown that neu oncogene‐initiated rat mammary carcinomas uniquely over‐express neu‐related lipocalin (NRL), a member of the calycin protein superfamily. Here, we characterize the putative human homolog of NRL, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL). ngal gene expression was found at moderate levels in only 2 of 17 human tissues examined, breast and lung. When breast cancers were examined for NGAL mRNA and protein levels, they were found to exhibit heterogeneous expression. NGAL levels varied in these tumors from undetectable to exceeding those in normal breast parenchyma. Immuno‐histochemical analysis confirmed the presence of NGAL within breast carcinoma cells but detected only low levels of this protein in normal ductal epithelium. In contrast, large amounts of the protein were localized to the lumen of normal breast ducts in the vicinity of NGAL‐expressing tumors. Interestingly, unlike NRL in rat mammary carcinomas, no significant association between NGAL expression and HER‐2/neu activation was found in human breast tumors. In contrast, a significant correlation between NGAL expression in breast cancer was found with several other markers of poor prognosis, including estrogen and progesterone receptor‐negative status and high proliferation (S‐phase fraction). NGAL levels were stratified as high or low in breast cancers from a cohort of node‐positive patients with known outcome. No significant association between NGAL expression and disease‐free or overall survival was observed. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 79:565–572, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Water soluble polymer of low phosphorus content was synthesized.Corrosion scale inhibition was examined in water with different concentrations of calcium ion.The results indicated that the polymeric material was effective corrosion scale inhibitor in recirculating cooling water.At a dosage of 5-7.5 mg/L,the phosphorus content being 0.5mg/L,in water containing 500-600 mg Ca 2+ per litre,the inhibition of CaCO\-3 precipitation was over 95% and the corrosion rate was less than 0.054 g/(m\+2·h).


Cancer has been known for millennia, but the understanding we have of its origins and causes are comparatively recent. Ancient Egyptians first recorded cancer as a disease some 4500 years ago. However, it wasn't until the 18th century that observations on environmental cancers were made, as people started to look for a connection between certain environments, including working practices and human cancer incidence patterns. The idea emerged that the causes of cancer may be divided roughly into two broad categories: exogenous (environmental and occupational) and endogenous (something inherent in the person). While this has been a useful distinction, advances in genetics now seem to be blurring the boundary. The result is that cancer research has concentrated on the identification of environmental and occupational causes of human cancer. By the late 19th century the study of cancer tissues had revealed that cancer cells were markedly different in biology and cell structures when compared with the normal cells in the surrounding tissue. During the 20th century, the research in cancer increased in an almost exponential fashion. Advances in genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology has begun to allow some insight into what was happening when a normal cell was changed into a cancerous one and often why it happened (oncogenesis). Cancer can take many forms and is usually named after the cell type fromwhich it is transformed. Once a cancer cell has arisen, clonal expansion without regard for the surrounding tissue, accounts for the clinical symptoms of the disease. As the tumour grows, continuous de-differentiation occurs and cells break away (metastases) to form new cancers at other sites in the body. It is this metastatic growth that accounts for the most of mortality from this disease. A few tumour types are so aggressive in their development that they kill the host before metastases even begins. One such cancer is mesothelioma, which is a cancer of the lining of the body cavity and named for its development from the mesothelium. Although these cancers had been known for a long time, only in the last 40–50 years have they been accepted as real mesothelial neoplasms, and not secondary tumours. In 1960, Wagner, Sleggs and Marchand described 33 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma that they believed had developed through environmental exposure to crocidolite, or blue asbestos. Up to this time, human tumours, for which an external cause had been suggested, were believed to arise through heavy occupational exposure. That tumours could arise through specific environmental exposure meant that a very much larger population could be at risk.


[Objective]To observe Pinaverium bromide for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)model of rat colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)levels and its receptor 1 expression to explore the mechanism of Pinaverium bromide on IBS-D system.[Methods]IBS-D animal model was made by stress and bound method,and ELISA,immunohistochemistry,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were used to detect colon tissue content of VIP and its receptor 1 expression.[Results]The VIP content in colon tissue and its receptor 1 expression was significantly lower in Pinaverium amine group than in model group.[Conclusion]The effect of Pinaverium bromide on IBS-D rats model is related to VIP and its receptor 1 expression levels.


Abstract The lack of a common methodology on compaction theory stimulates developers of road construction equipment to create various approximate methods for their calculation, the number of which, at the present time, is comparable with the nomenclature of the proposed designs of rollers. The article presents the analysis of the deformable shell behavior of a road roller, and the compacted material under its compacting roller, in a situation when a rigid circular shell of the roller is replaced by a forcefully deformable elliptical shape, which, unlike the circular design, allows variation, adjustment and optimization of the road roller impact on the material to be compacted.


Vehicular Edge Computing solves the problem of high delay in previous vehicle-mounted cloud computing by using the feature that edge servers are close to vehicle-mounted terminals and can provide computing services nearby. However, with the increasing amount of data processed by mobile terminals and the scale of computing, new requirements are brought about for task processing delay and task urgency scheduling. In this paper, a computing switching strategy is proposed to prioritize the allocation of computing resources needed for urgent tasks, reduce the completion time of urgent tasks, and make urgent tasks complete faster. The simulation experiment based on MATLAB platform shows that the switching times of urgent tasks are reduced by 50.94% and the average completion time of urgent tasks is reduced by 54.92%.


Objective To study the role of double stapling technique in surgical treatment of rectal cancer.Methods Retrospective study was used to analyze the experience of double stapling technique in surgical treatment for 63 patients with rectal cancer from January 2000 to January 2003.The distance between lower edge of tumor and anal sphincter was less then 7 cm in 33 cases,7.1 cm to 11 cm in 21 cases and more than 11 cm in 9 cases.Results There were 3 cases suffering from anastomotic fistula,6 cases from anastomotic stenosis and wound infection in 5 cases.Cancer recurred postoperatively in 5 cases according to follow-up of 4.3 years in average,of which 3 cases underwent Mile's procedure and alive up to date,another 2 cases died of metastasis without surgical treatment.Conclusion The experience suggests the double stapling technique could allow low and ultra-low colorectal anastomosis in the patients with rectal cancer which would be impossible with traditional hand-sewing method.


Cloud computing has become an attractive and viable solution for outsourcing data. People can use cloud storage in pay per use fashion without capital investment. Enterprises from various industries are moving their data to cloud. Personal Health Records (PHRs) is a new model pertaining to health domain which has huge data that can be outsourced to cloud. Unlike data of other domains, the data of healthcare domain is highly sensitive. The patient's control over his record is very important. To achieve this PHR is encrypted before outsourcing it to cloud storage. There are many concerns pertaining to security such as privacy. Therefore scalable and secure sharing of such data is essential. Recently Li et al. proposed a scheme known as Multi-Authority ABE, which is based on Attribute Based Encryption (ABE). This encryption mechanism when used before outsourcing to cloud ensures that the data owner is assured complete security to his sensitive data. Concurrent and scalable sharing beside high degree of privacy is guaranteed in this scheme. In this paper we implement the scheme proposed by Li et al. with a prototype application that demonstrates the proof of concept. The empirical results revealed that the scheme is effective and support scalable and secure sharing of PHRs.


Lead is a highly toxic metal and has a very strong poison. The aim of the study is to determine the health risk of the lead exposure in Anadara sp to the coastal society of Makassar City. The method of the research is an observational study with a draft analysis of environmental health risks. The research was conducted from November 20, 2102 to May 28, 2013 in the coastal area of Makassar City. Shellfish samples taken in five districts, then lead content were measured with AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometer) meanwhile body weight, intake rate, and frequency of exposure are quantitatively measured through questionnaires application interview. The analysis indicated that the highest lead concentration in Tallo was 275,97 µg/kg and the lowest concentration in Biringkanaya was 30.56 µg/kg. The results also revealed that for the Lead RQ (risk quotient) carcinogens was 42,20 % had an average of RQ 1. For Non-Carcinogenic RQ 8,90 % of respondents had an average of 1.


Wink glass to increase the blink rate while subjects read material from a computer screen. The device contains a polymer network liquid crystal film, mounted in a spectacle frame, which becomes opaque if the wearer does not blink within 5 s. The authors demonstrated that this apparatus produced a significant increase in blink rate and reduced ocular surface symptoms (light sensitivity, grittiness and pain or sore eyes) after a 20-min period of reading from a computer screen. The authors suggested that this device could reduce ocular and visual symptoms associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS). 2 In a similar experiment, we used an audible tone to stimulate voluntary blinking in 23 visually-normal subjects (mean age = 24.4 years) who read text aloud from a desktop computer screen at a viewing distance of 50 cm for a continuous 15-min period. The text comprised cognitively-demanding stories taken from the internet, presented in 12 point Times New Roman font. During the task, subjects were videotaped using a web camera to determine the mean blink rate. While the web camera was in clear view, subjects were not told that their blinks were being either monitored or recorded, since this may have produced conscious changes in this function. Subjects attended for two trials. In the first session, no instructions were given regarding blinking. In the second session, a web-based metronome program (www.webMetronome.com) was used to provide an audible beep every 4 s (i.e. 15 times/min) and subjects were instructed to blink their eyes each time they heard a beep. The order of the two sessions was randomized across the subjects. After each session, subjects completed a written questionnaire comprising 10 questions concerning the level of ocular and visual discomfort experienced during the computer


Service Centre nondestructive inspections of used coiled tubing are being performed in Scotland. This paper outlines the devclopment of an NDE tool for coiled tubing inspection, explaining the principles of operation and presenting some interesting results from several recent inspections, including results on a recent certification test. The current tool performs the following operations for 100% of the tube: detects ID and OD pitting, transverse OD damage and longitudinal damage; locates the areas of heavy cycling; measures ovality and local wall thickness. All detections and measurements are performed by non-contact electromagnetic methods which include magnetic reluctance (MR), magnetic flux leakage (MFL), and eddy current methods for longitudinal flaws, ovality, and the detection of heavily cycled areas. Technique sensitivities are presented. Data from each inspection can be saved for comparison with future inspections. Such full length NDE, along with fatigue cycling results from flaw removal regions have permitted strings to be managed by removal of isolated flaws or flawed/worn areas. Ancillary techniques such as compression wave wall thickness measurement, ultrasonic shear wave and radiographic techniques for the volumetric checking of tube-to-tube welds, and magnetic particle and liquid penetrant techniques for two dimension imperfection detection are also discussed. Evaluation of NDE results will feed into a proposed new API Recommended Practice for Care, Maintenance and Inspection of Used Coiled Tubing in order to provide for standard ways of managing used coiled tubing.


When the event horizon of an accelerating black hole touches its Rindler horizon, the shape of the black hole deforms to a ellipsoid\|like. Hawking\|Unruh temperature at the contact point decreases to absolute zero, but the temperature at the tail of black hole goes to infinity, where a high\|temperature jet forms. This results can be resgarded as a modeling on black holes colliding with one another. We expect that, when two black holes colliding with each other, the temperature at contact point will decrease to absolute zero, but at the tails of the two colliding black holes, the temperature will diverge, where two opposite thermal jets will appear.


Recent studies have greatly ad vanced our understanding of the origin and transmission of pain, which in volves central and peripheral control mechanisms activated by the release of various chemicals (1). The primary afferent pain neuron, located in the dorsal root ganglia, sends out periph eral and central fibers. The peripheral fiber travels to distant organs in the body to make connections with cells in the bone, muscle, skin, subcutaneous tissue, etc. At its terminal end, the peripheral fiber has receptors for pain (Fig. 1). The central fiber travels to wards the spinal cord and synapses with the secondary neurons in the dor sal horn. Fibers from the secondary neurons cross the midline to the oppo site side and travel centrally to synapse with the tertiary neuron in the thala mus. From there the terminal fibers reach cells in the cerebral cortex. There are different types of pain with differ ent types of pain fibers for transmis sion. Metastatic bone pain is a nocicep


The invention relates to a black fungus cultivation method for improving polysaccharide content. A cultivation base of a black fungus comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of lucid ganoderma decoction dregs, 15-20 parts of chestnut shell particles, 10-12 parts of wheat bran, 5-10 parts of sweet potato powder, 1-2 parts of gypsum powder, 1-2 parts of bagasse, 0.3-0.4 part of superphosphate, 1-2 parts of quick lime, 1-2 parts of membranous milkvetch root powder, 1-2 parts of affine cudweed powder, 1-2 parts of silver edge bracketplant powder, 1-2 parts of hempleaf negundo chastetree leaf powder, 0.1-0.3 part of licorice powder, 0.2-0.3 part of momordica grosvenori powder, 3-4 parts of kaolin and 10-12 parts of fish soup. All the components are mixed in proportion, water is added to the component, the mixture is evenly blended and bagged, and sterilization, inoculation, fungus growing in a fungus growing room, nutrient soil supplement and black fungus collecting are conducted. Black funguses cultivated through the method are rich in nutrient and high in microelement, vitamin and calcium, and also have the functions of lung moistening and health care. The black funguses are strong in anti-infection capability during fungus growing, and the yield of the black funguses is high.


As the main scriptures of Huayan school,Huayan Sutras circulated without Huayantheory before Sui Dynasty.First,a list of Huayan Sutras translation will be made in historical sequence,then the description in catalogs and circulation in this period will also be analysed.Through the historical review above,Huayan Sutras' reflection might be given objectively in this article.


The essay tells of the advanced Total quality management(TQM),a worldwide concept and utilization in varied industries.Based on the industrial attribute of adult higher education in China and major perspectives of TQM,it emphasizes the necessity and workability to implement the TQM in adult higher education management in China to meet the needs of adult higher education.


Field experiments were conducted to ascertain the differential response of promiscuous soybean cultivars to split application of fertilizer N during 1984 and 1985 at Yandev Agricultural Experiment Station, Nigeria. The cultivars were grown with and without 205 kg N/ha and was applied into equal splits at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after planting in 1984. In 1985, however, graded doses of 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg fertilizer N/ha were equally split into 3 and applied at 30, 50 and 70 days after planting.

In both years, averaged over all cultivars, split application of N increased the grain yield and total N content of shoot and decreased the nodulation significantly. Cultivars X N interaction existed in affecting the grain yield and total N content wherein cultivars like TGX 297-35C, TGX 536-02D, TGX 713-011D and TGX 306-036D showed significant increase in grain yield and total N content as against no effect on these attributes of other cultivars. This probably proves our hypothesis that, though some promiscuous cultivars yield moderately better without inoculation with R. japonicum or fertilizer; they are incapable of fixing sufficient quantity of atmospheric N symbiotically for maximum soybean yields and therefore require fertilizer N to be applied into splits at several growth and development stages of crop.


ABSTRACT
Artificial Neural Network [ANN] is an information processing system that has
been found effective for character recognition in languages such as English, Latin and
French. However, no research work has been carried out on Yoruba Character
recognition. In this work, Artificial Neural Network model for Yoruba Character
recognition [ANNYCR] was designed and implemented. Macromedia Firework
application program was employed to resize, crop and clean the image of each
character in order to reduce noise and jitter. Edge-end pixel extraction algorithm was
used to extract numerical data for character analysis. Discrete Cosine Transformation
Algorithm was also used to transform the features of each character into vectors,
which served as input data for ANN training. The ANNYCR was implemented using
Java programming language based on Econg framework together with a well known
Artificial Neural Network model for English characters [ANNECR]. The ANNYCR
was trained using Feedforward Resilient Supervised Backpropagation Algorithm,
while Backpropagation supervised algorithm is used for ANNECR. The result showed
that the ANNYCR recognized all Yoruba alphabets including characters with dot,
ligature and tonal sign, while ANNECR could not recognize Yoruba characters with
dot, ligature and tonal signs. During the training, it was observed that
Backpropagation algorithm was not converging when used to train Yoruba characters,
whereas Feedforward Resilient Supervised algorithm converged when used to train
both Yoruba and English characters. The result shows that Backpropagation
Algorithm cannot be applied for Yoruba Character recognition as it is being used for
recognition of English characters. The new design provides good recognition
accuracy of printed Yoruba characters with their tonal signs, dot and ligature which
indicates a good performance.


We describe the design, manufacturing, and test of LEO-GEO Laser Communication Terminal to be used for 1.8 GBit/s broad band data relay service in the EDRS (European Data Relay Service) program. Article not available.


The use of Hermite cubic element, as a possible finite element computation of transport equations containing shocks, has been investigated. In the present paper the hermite cubic elements are applied to both linear and nonlinear scalar one and two dimensional equations. In the one dimensional problems, numerical results by the hermite cubic element show better than those by the linear element, and the steady state solution by the hermite cubic element yields result with good resolution. This fact proves the superiority of the hermite cubic element in space differencing. In two dimensional case, the results by the hermite cubic element shows a boundary instability, and the use of higher order time differencing method may be necessary for fixing the problem.


INTRODUCTION Present society undergoes big changes, giving rise to the called knowledge society. New data and information have been generated with much speed, being more and more visible that knowledge is a tool in frequent transformation, not immutable or stable as it was believed to be in the past. So the dynamic in knowledge production has brought countless changes to the diverse areas that cannot focus only on their subject any more. Interaction between areas becomes fundamental in new knowledge construction. In that sense we understand that Physical Education, as knowledge area must follow its purposes regarding its improvement, searching for new proposals in interdisciplinary work with Social Communication, opening new fields of work. In that way, the reality found in sport motivates professionals and undergraduates to articulate new discussions, therefore the sports context needs a new, more expansionist model, supported and backed up by professionals who know their subjects, and, especially, that in an ethical and correct way share their characteristics with their target group. We understand that Physical Education professionals have the predisposition to use their knowledge as an alternative and, besides, to enrich sports communication field. Because of the growth in the field of sport, Physical Education can open up new doors, on account of its knowledge, and, consequently, start to interact in future sport settings as an integral part of media which covers all shows, opening, thus, a new practice field for its professionals. This approximation has as an aim the search for a new form of knowledge production, making a new way to watch, understand and interpret Physical Education and sports radio journalism possible to individuals. Integrating and articulating knowledge in a qualified way seems to be the path to draw up this proposal involving knowledge related to Physical Education, sports and Communication. Perceiving that, more and more, events are constructed in media seeking reciprocity of social everyday life. However, Media has created a new form of understanding as for conceptual issues regarding sport, which affect present society directly. So, when media reports on a sports event it is not only an information producer, but, especially, a producer of meanings (BORELLI, 2001). Starting from what's been presented, a blank is open for the Physical Education professional to act and conquer new practice fields noticing that Physical Education needs to establish a closer relationship with mediatic effects contributing to the yearnings of society. It's relevant to perceive that sportscast is not an end in itself. It is very simplistic to analyze the process without taking into consideration economical, political and sociological factors that the function media-sport offers. The fact is that in sport, as a general rule, there's a relative democracy and equality among people, at least imaginary, for it gathers the rich and the poor, the black and the white, men and women, adults and children. Besides, competitions have a certain number of rules that are followed compulsorily and are valid for everyone, regardless of social class or ethnic group, for instance (DA MATTA, 1976). In Costa's (2001) opinion, professionalization of sport brings, in its interior, much more than simple competition between athletes, for economical, social and political character considerations are part of the context. There are no doubts that the fact of sport moving billions of dollars orbiting around its existence generates a series of interests. In this case, soccer, the most prestigious and practiced sport in Brazil, "has served to promote the country to the called Cleats' Country, creating this way national symbols." Therefore, the nature of sport is demanding constant behavior renewals from us, mediated by interdisciplinary collaboration, when sport is understood as a phenomenon rich in communicational meanings (MENDES, 2006). Since professional formation must consider some fundamental points, such as versatility, guaranteed through implementation of different majors and adaptability preparing the professional for multiple situations at work which are still unknown (NASCIMENTO, 2002). This way, knowledge sphere has proportioned the improvement of great meanings, from their statement the Physical Education professional gets a license to use their knowledge in other knowledge areas. To do so, Coelho (2004), defends that today mass media, particularly sports radio journalism, has taken an important part on a great space in the training of people settled in sports environment. This occurs due to the enormous speed and the quantity of information spread daily in everyday life. Facing the alterations caused by electronic media in the social context it's relevant, important and necessary to open up spaces for new discussions about the existing relations among different human knowledge areas. In that sense, a discussion that may involve society spheres is therefore fundamental, especially those involved with physical education and social communication, in order to permit greater access to professionals involved in the problem (HATJE & CARVALHO, 1996). Following the theme's line of thought, the authors mentioned above imply that the committed professional must pursue a real space in media for Physical Education and, especially, promote the separation between activities which integrate (school or gym) Physical Education from those who construct sport as a show (HATJE & CARVALHO, 1996). The geography of the study points to future discoveries in speculation ground, but the moment is dominated by possibilities and interests from both in future experiences for mutual growth. This way, the Physical Education professional's defense seems justified, for it aims to amplify their knowledge, pursuing to interact with sports radio journalism. So, the paper consists in contributing in order to have, every day, new topics in debate. Because of the presented above, it was aimed in this paper: to identify the perception of the sportscaster with Physical Education training on the importance of their basis training in Physical Education. Considering the thematic context approached throughout the study, the paradigm that fits it best is the qualitative interpretative approach. The information collection instrument comprised a questionnaire with 18 open questions. To carry it out, the field of study suggested to analyze were Rio Grande do Sul's AM radios sports departments. The study collaborators were two male professionals with basis training in Physical Education. Besides working for radio stations they also perform activities related to Physical Education. The first interviewee was portrayed here by the letter X, acts on a station located in Porto Alegre, which has as an objective Grêmio and Internacional soccer matches' broadcasting, he works as a commentator. The second one, represented by the letter Y performs his work on a station located in the city of São Leopoldo,


Aiming at the Whipple protective structure with a front plate of 3 mm 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and a rear plate of 3 mm 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, two different projectiles were used to conduct experimental research on the low-velocity impact Whipple protective structure. The relationship between the corresponding damage mode and the kinetic energy property of the projectile was analyzed. At the same time, the penetration velocity limit of the Whipple protective structure was explored to obtain the damage characteristics of this protective structure under cm-level low-velocity impact. The damage characteristics of the small projectile to the protection mechanism within the relative impact velocity of 650 m/s provide theoretical and technical support for the later spacecraft reinforcement optimization design.


The author could also add one more chapter on moderate multiculturalism that he advocates demonstrating how it could improve the rights of national minorities that display significant intra-group disparities. In this way, he could also contribute to the dilemma of many policy-makers about how to persuade the conflicting sides of ethnic conflicts for moderate forms of decentralization. Because in many cases, ethnocentric multiculturalism rises as the best option to stop violent ethnic conflict as it guarantees the right to take part in the executive for conflicting sides. The downside of these policies, as the author rightfully pinpoints, is the reification of ethnic groups and of ethnic identities. Overall, Kuzu provides a sound and rigorous analysis of multiculturalism and its impact on the Kurdish problem in Turkey. The strongest point of the book is its solid challenge to multiculturalism literature that takes for granted the conflict resolution capacity of ethnocentric multicultural policies. The book is also nicely written and explains a heavy theoretical debate in a simple and concise way that makes it accessible not only for experts and scholars but also for students and the general public. The missing chapter about moderate multiculturalism that can be added in forthcoming editions will reinforce its contribution to policy development even more.


SnO2/C composites were prepared by an intermittent microwave in heating method and used as the support to prepare Pt-Rh-SnO2/C with different Pt∶Rh atomic ratio.The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)measurements show that the as-prepared catalysts were composed of well-dispersed Pt-Rh-SnO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size less than 4 nm.All the as-prepared catalysts have face-centred cubic(fcc)crystalline structure.With an increase of Pt∶Rh molar ratio,the particle sizes are increasing.Electrochemical studies are carried out using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The results show that the highest electrocatalytic activity and the best stability for ethanol electro-oxidation were obtained at Pt∶Rh molar ratio with 3∶1.


ABSTRACT The Chhattisgarh Basin is one of the most important Proterozoic basins of peninsular India. Owing to its deposition in the Mesoproterozoic, the largely undeformed and unmetamorphosed sedimentary sequence of this basin is believed to hold vital clues to our understanding of the evolution of the Indian craton subsequent to the disintegration of the supercontinent Columbia. Despite its importance, only limited studies have been carried out to decipher the depositional history of the basin and to correlate various litho-units in it. Here, we present results of quantitative provenance analysis of the sediments in the basin using trace element and Nd isotopic ratios and discuss their implications for the evolution of the basin in the context of regional tectonics. The sediment provenance analysis reveals that the spatially extensive ~2.5 Ga old granitoids of the Bastar craton were the major contributors (45% to 65%) of the total sediment budget into the basin during its initial stage of evolution. As sedimentation progressed the contribution from the Bastar granitoids was restricted to less than 30% of the total budget with the remaining supplied by younger 1.6–1.7 Ga magmatic rocks. The overall provenance of sediments appears to have remained constant throughout the evolutionary history of the basin; however, the relative contributions of various sources did change with time. The latter is highly conspicuous across the stratigraphic boundary between the Singhora and Chandarpur groups, in the lower part of the Chhattisgarh Supergroup. The geochemical data suggest that the basin developed as a result of either rift or sag into which the sea incursion occurred through the adjacent grabens during the Mesoproterozoic marine transgression.


Objective:To establish a headspace-GC method for quantification of residual organic solvents in lipoic acid.Methods:The GC condition was consisted of an Agilent HP-5 capillary column(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm) with the column temperature of 50℃ and the temperature at the injection port of 200℃,the carrier gas N2 with the flow rate of 1.0mL·min-1 and the split rate of 2∶1,and the FID detector with the temperature of 250℃.The headspace sampler of Agilent 7694E was equilibrated at 85℃ for 40min.Results: The analytic outcomes were as follows: a linearity of concentration curves of alcohol,acetone,n-hexane,ethyl acetate,cyclohexane and toluene of within 21.2~190.6μg·mL-1(r=0.9949),22.1~198.9μg·mL-1(r=0.9984),2.1~19.1μg·mL-1(r=0.9931),20.5~184.3μg·mL-1(r=0.9998),2.2~19.4μg·mL-1(r=0.9921) and 2.3~20.6μg·mL-1(r=0.9994),respectively;the mean recovery of 100.2%(RSD=2.5%),101.3%(RSD=1.4%),102.5%(RSD=1.9%),98.6%(RSD=1.4%),99.7%(RSD=1.8%) and 102.8%(RSD=2.1%),respectively;the limit of detection(LOD) of 2.1,2.2,0.2,2.0,0.2 and 0.2μg·mL-1,respectively.Conclusion:This rapid,simple and accurate GC method is useful for quality control of residual organic volatiles in lipoic acid.


Analytical solutions to the magnetohydrodynamic shock refraction problem are used to explore the limiting interface angles for which regular refraction will occur, for a particular choice of problem parameters and varying magnetic field strength. Beyond this limit, irregular shock refraction occurs and no analytical solutions exist at present. Thus, the wave structure resulting from irregular magnetohydrodynamic shock refraction is determined via ideal simulations, allowing its properties to be explored.


The selection of composition and processing of an iron--nickel--titanium (Fe--Ni--Ti) alloy having a favorable combination of strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures is discussed. Criteria on alloy composition lead to the choice of low interstitial Fe--/sup 12/Ni--0.25Ti. The alloy has a naturally favorable microstructure, but cryogenic toughness must be imparted through grain refinement. Several alternate procedures are identified; four of these are discussed in detail, along with the resulting tensile properties at 77/sup 0/K, Charpy impact energies at 77 and 5/sup 0/K, and behavior in fracture toughness tests at 77/sup 0/K. Alloys are obtained having yield strengths to 150 ksi with excellent impact toughness to 5/sup 0/K.


Objective To study the effect of percutaneous internal spermatic vein embolization on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH) and testosterone(T) levels, and analyse the relationship between changes of seminal fluid and hormonal levels in varicocele. Materials and Methods Percutaneous internal spermatic vein embolization with natrii morrhuas and gelatin sponge particle was completed in 37 patients with varicocele and semen abnormality. Serum FSH, LH and T levels, sperm concentration and sperm motility were measured before embolization and 12 months after embolization. Results Serum FSH levels of all 37 patients decreased from (17.33±6.54) IU/L before embolization to (10.83±4.93) IU/L after embolization (P0.01), serum LH levels decreased from (15.26±6.04) IU/L before embolization to (9.57±4.33) IU/L after embolization (P0.01), and serum testosterone levels increased from (13.56±6.74) nmol/L before embolization to (18.37±7.37) nmol/L after embolization (P0.01). Sperm density increased from (14.37±8.61)×106/ml preoperatively to (50.56±20.16)×106/ml after embolization(P0.01),and sperm motility increased from (18.05±3.83) % preoperatively to (37.13±7.21) % after embolization (P0.01), which were significantly increased than those before embolization. Postoperative serum FSH and LH levels in 20 patients with abnormal serum hormones levels preoperatively were higher than those in 17 patients with normal serum sex hormones levels preoperatively, but postoperative serum T levels and the sperm density was lower. Conclusion Percutaneous internal spermatic vein embolization could result in serum FSH, LH and T levels changes, and improve the fertility in varicocele patients.


Let G = H x Q be a split extension of finite groups. A theorem of Charlap and Vasquez gives an explicit description of the differentials d2 in the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence of the extension with coefficients in a field k. We generalize this to give an explicit description of all the dr (r > 2) in this case. The generalization is obtained by associating to the group extension a new twisting cochain, which takes values in the kG-endomorphism algebra of the minimal kH-projective resolution induced from H to G. This twisting cochain not only determines the differentials, but also allows one to construct an explicit kG-projective resolution of k.


For example, the material for the solidification matrix that may be used in solid cleaning compositions, or other technologies, what the place of the composition and the manufacturing method are provided. In at least some embodiments, the solidification matrix includes a binding agent that is formed by the use of the hydroxy acid (HEDTA) or a derivative thereof and water to produce a solid binding agent. In some embodiments, solidified by combining the HEDTA and water, the solid composition (may also contain other functional ingredients that provide the desired characteristics and / or functionality to the solid composition) whole dispersion it can act as a binding material or binding agent is.


Power plant electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), in many cases, must be designed to cope with ash from a wide variety of coal types. If the electrostatic precipitators are designed to provide a specific emission from the worst of the fuels fired, in terms of their ash characteristics, then when less demanding ashes are to be caught, the ESPs will behave as if they were over-specified. In such circumstances, the required emission levels can be achieved with less than the maximum power input. The authors describe how it is in this situation that a microprocessor based control system can be programmed to achieve significant power savings as part of a microprocessor based total energy management system (TEMS). The system here described is capable of being used for new plant or for retrofit onto existing plant.


Au and carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes have been fabricated by using an anodic electropolishing method. The radii of them were found to be about 450 nm on Au and 240 nm on carbon electrodes from the calculation based on the steady-state limiting currents.


Research of fish community structure in Panjang Island, Banten Bay, Banten, Indonesia (E 106° 08' 31.9" & S 5° 56' 23.4" and E 106° 08' 20.6" & S 5° 55' 29.2") has been conducted from October to December 2014 while spring tide. The aim of the research knew the fish biodiversity and fish community structure. The fishing method was used push net manually active. The location was at Station 1 (West) with sandy-mud and gravelled substrate and Station 2 (North) with the mud-reef substrate. In total, 1770 species were captured (14 families, 16 genera, and 21 species), the largest number were at Station 1 and in November (1.213 and 749 fish). Both stations had a low species diversity index (H') value (0.705 and 0.807). It supported by a low evenness index or distribution of individuals among species (E) value. Its high dominance index (D) value was due to the predominance of Ambassis gymnocephalus -Chandidae (908), Ambassis buruensis - Chandidae (297), Oryzias javanicus - Adrianichthyidae (265), Chelon sp. - Mugilidae (123), and Gerres sp. - Gerreidae (22) in large numbers. Chandidae is the most common fish in the mangrove ecosystem at Panjang Island as a resident fish.


The Longitudinal Emergency Medical Technician Attributes and Demographics Study (LEADS) provides a representative sampling of EMTs throughout the United States. The present study adds to the transfer of training literature by examining the relationship between instructor quality and National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians certification examination outcomes. The effective sample size included 513 EMT-basics and 406 EMT-paramedics. The survey sample responded to questions concerning their experiences and ratings of the quality of the certification education and training. Survey respondents were matched with their certification test results, using the initial score on that exam as well as the number of test attempts. Results showed significant correlations, based on instructor quality on initial exam scores, as well as on the number of tries to obtain a passing score. Implications for HRD practitioners, adult and continuing professional educators, and researchers are discussed.


Can the stakes ever be so high that genocide of a species is a reasonable option? Is this ever the kind of choice you should put to a democratic vote? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, a civilization-sized space ship has been flying to populate the surrounding solar systems. They start with a skeleton crew, use ship resources and grow their population over generations, then arrive at a new planet. They drop off the extra people, replenish their raw resources, and do it all again. All is well until a weak radio signal makes them realize they are heading towards a planet that likely already has sentient alien life. If they don't stop, their population will burst at the seams in the ship and they will likely run out of resources before the next solar system. If they do stop, they are likely to, over time, subjugate the indigenous population. They have just weeks to decide if they plan to make a course correction.


With ever-growing utilization of online and offline videos and increasing video content, Video Summarization serves as the best aid for video browsing. It involves domain explicit semantic comprehension of a video and understanding of user expectations. Generally, video summarization systems include extracting video features, analyzing the visual variations and selecting video frames. Over the years, various methodologies have been developed for the same. Different supervised and unsupervised algorithms have been established and these models have been trained on various factors or various rewards. The challenges these methods face stand as a motivation for the approach this paper discusses. Like in many cases, summary frames may be repeated if some scene or concept appears more than once. This paper presents a novel approach based on clustering of video frames based on their feature vectors. The clustering takes into consideration the semantic factor of video frames. Each concept cluster gives a representative frame which then forms the summary set, here concept cluster refers to the independent entity present in a video which can be easily distinguished by another concept or entity. This entity can be a scene of a mountain or different persons. It also aims to increase system performance by removing the redundancy. The system is developed using a CNN for feature extraction and a clustering algorithm that takes into consideration the similarity factor between these vectors. The model is evaluated on the measures Precision and Recall and tested on the VSUMM dataset. The results outperform some of the established methodologies and serve the summarization purpose.


Objective
293T cells with Ku80 knockout were constructed using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technique, and the effect of Ku80 deletion on DNA damage repair and doxorubicin resistance of 293T cells was investigated.

Methods
Firstly, a pair of DNA Oligos targeted Ku80 was designed and the single guide RNA (sgRNA) expression vectors were constructed using pSpCas9 (BB)-2A-Puro (PX459) vector. This vector was transfected into 293T cells. The effectiveness of the designed sgRNA was verified by site-directed Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and T7E1 enzyme reaction. The 293T cell line was constructed using limited dilution method and puromycin screening. Single cell clones were selected and screened by Western blotting assay and sequencing. Furthermore, DNA damage was induced by doxorubicin treatment, and detected by DNA DSB marker phosphorylated Histone H2AX (γ-H2AX). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was carried out to detect the sensitivity of the cells to doxorubicin.

Results
The Ku80 gene knockout 293T cells were successfully constructed. After DNA damage induced by doxorubicin treatment and DNA repair, the positive rates of γ-H2AX staining in the control and Ku80 knockout groups were (30.67±2.49)% and (88.00±1.63)%, respectively (P=0.000), indicating that the DNA damage repair ability was significantly inhibited in Ku80 knockout 293T cells. Ku80 knockout increases the sensitivity of 293T cells to doxorubicin. The growth inhibition rates of Ku80 knockout group and control group were (53.99±1.29)% and (32.42±1.20)%, respectively (P=0.000).

Conclusion
The knockout of Ku80 in 293T cells inhibited the DNA damage repair ability and increased the sensitivity of cells to doxorubicin.

Key words:
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 technique; 293T cell; Ku80 gene; Doxorubicin


The object-oriented type theory for non-specialists is discussed. It is shown that how parametric polymorphism, known as templates in C++ and genericity in Ada and Eiffel, can be added to the Theory of Classification. The generic types could be created by abstracting over parts of simple types. A generic type is modeled as a type function expecting an actual type argument.


A high resolution gaseous discharge display comprises an encapsulated panel array of bistable charge storage areas defining linearly shaped discharge cells or sites, each cell being defined by a pair of congruent linear portions formed by generally orthogonally arranged conductors insulated from direct contact with the gas by a dielectric, which, when properly energized, produce a confined gaseous discharge in the selected cell. The cells are arranged in character font areas in columns and rows at the intersections of groups of the conductor lines, the conductors being configured at the character positions to define linear cells constituting character font strokes or elements.


Whereas the central nervous system (CNS) usually cannot regenerate, peripheral nerves regenerate spontaneously after injury because of a permissive environment and activation of the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons. Functional regeneration requires axon regrowth and remyelination of the regenerated axons by Schwann cells. Multiple factors including neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and hormones participate in Schwann cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and remyelination. We describe the current understanding of peripheral axon regeneration and focus on the molecules and potential mechanisms involved in remyelination. 209 First published online as a Review in Advance on March 6, 2007 A nn u. R ev . N eu ro sc i. 20 07 .3 0. D ow nl oa de d fr om a rj ou rn al s. an nu al re vi ew s. or g by R oc ke fe lle r U ni ve rs ity o n 04 /1 2/ 07 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. ANRV314-NE30-09 ARI 27 February 2007 19:7 Wallerian degeneration: series of cellular responses leading to degeneration of the axon distal to the injured site PNS: peripheral nervous system ECM: extracellular matrix Bünger bands: tubular cellular aggregates formed by proliferating Schwann cells after nerve injury


Silicon dioxide (SiO2) occurs as both crystallized quartz and amorphous quartz, and their oxygen isotope is widely used to trace the source of hydrothermal fluids, to reconstruct paleotemperature of oceans and to provide genetic constraints on petrogenetic studies. Precise and accurate oxygen isotope analysis, therefore, is fundamental for the application of oxygen isotope study. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is capable of obtaining oxygen isotope information at micron levels, but precise and accurate SIMS isotopic microanalysis requires high quality reference materials to correct instrumental mass fractionation and to monitor data quality. In this study, we report two reference materials, a natural crystallized quartz (Qinghu-Qtz) from Qinghu quartz monzonite (Guangdong, P.R. China) and a fused amorphous quartz (Glass-Qtz). Multiple SIMS analyses suggest that both Qinghu-Qtz and Glass-Qtz are homogeneous in terms of oxygen isotope composition at ca. 20 μm level, with a two-standard deviation of 0.50 ‰ (N = 1083) and 0.22 ‰ (N = 283), respectively. In comparison, the widely utilized NBS-28 quartz reference material, designed for bulk analysis, is less homogeneous at micro levels. The δOVSMOW values of the two reference materials were obtained by conventional fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and the recommended δOVSMOW values were 8.49 ± 0.20 ‰ (Qinghu-Qtz, 2 SD, N = 12) and 1.68 ± 0.08 ‰ (Glass-Qtz, 2 SD, N = 10).


Response to Anonymous Referee #1 Reviewer comment: This paper examined the effect of N addition on soil N transformation processes. The information is valuable to our understanding of how increasing N deposition could change soil microbes and the N process they drive. However, I believe the paper should be significantly revised before publication. Response: Thank you for the positive evaluation of our work. The manuscript has been revised based on the suggestions of yours and another reviewer's. We hope that you would find the revision satisfactory.


This PhD Thesis pursues the development of novel anti-Alzheimer and anti-protozoal drug candidates upon exploitation of three different novel approaches: Multitarget therapies, Drug repurposing, and Validation of a novel anti-malarial target. In the context of the anti‐Alzheimer therapeutic strategies, the innovative so‐called Multi‐Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) approach has inspired the structure‐based design and synthesis of two novel classes of hybrid compounds endowed with additional key target interactions beyond cholinesterases, whose modulation has shown to only confer a relief of the very late symptoms of the disease. On the one hand, rhein-huprine hybrids combine the activity of the potent catalytic anionic site (CAS) AChE inhibitor, huprine Y, with that of an anthraquinone fragment derived from rhein to afford a tau antiaggregating effect, apart from the conventional effects derived from dual site AChE interaction. Levetiracetam-based hybrids, on the other hand, comprise, apart from a CAS AChE inhibitor unit, a moiety related to the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam which tackles the Aβ-induced aberrant epileptiform activity across the neuronal network. Regarding HAT and malaria treatment, current registered drugs are problematic, most of them display a range of toxic side effects, require strict and complicated parenteral administration regimens and produce resistances that undermine clinical effectiveness. For this reason, there is an acute need to find novel drugs that can circumvent the limitations of existing therapies. In the context of this PhD Thesis, drug repurposing and further optimization of 4-aminoquinoline-based compounds has been considered as a useful approach to potentially speed up the drug development in the HAT field. We have demonstrated that homodimerization, heterodimerization, and side chain modification of the anti-Alzheimer investigational 4-aminoquinoline derivative huprine Y can result in potent brain permeable antitrypanosomal agents, with decreased but still significant anticholinesterasic activity. On the other hand, the bifunctional Plasmodium falciparum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase enzyme (PfGluPho) has recently emerged as attractive druggable alternative for the development of innovative antimalarial therapeutic strategies. Starting from a homology model of PfG6PD (G6PD domain of PfGluPho), a new family of selective substrate analog-based inhibitors against the parasite PfG6PD active site has been designed and synthesized, on the basis of the structural differences found at the catalytic site of the parasite and human enzymes.


In this study, a technique describing aquatic bacterial community structure has been developed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA). The technique includes isolation of DNA directly from lake - water, amplification of rDNA using bacteria - specific primers, construction of plasmid library and digestion of randomly extracted recombinant plasmids with restriction endonuclease. The structure of bacterial community is determined using rDNA genotypes and their frequencies. This method has potentials in analyzing hidden genetic diversity of aquatic environments, tracing biological effectiveness of pollutants and evaluating environmental quality.


Purpose – Aims to demonstrate how an automated robot program generation method can be developed and implemented.Design/methodology/approach – A visual and force servoing method to automatically generate robot paths and robot programs, based on position, force and vision sensor fusion, was developed.Findings – By using a hybrid control algorithm the robot is controlled to follow the feature on a surface with position and orientation control.Originality/value – The developed method can be applied to generate tool paths for many manufacturing tasks automatically, which can greatly reduce the robot programming time and decrease the manufacturing cost.


BEING in one's 60s or even 70s is no longer reason enough to be denied orthotopic liver transplantation, two new studies suggest. The latest findings indicate that patients in their seventh or eighth decades of life do as well as younger adults. Moreover, similar success has been recorded with elderly kidney recipients in the last several years ( Transplantation . 1989;47:259 and 1989;48:689, Am J Kidney Dis . 1988;12:516, Transplant Proc . 1989;21:2018, 2020, 2024). While donor organ shortages unfortunately persist, the positive results recorded for older recipients of livers are likely to confound even more the decision as to who should receive a liver transplant. That is, when both young and older adults face similar chances for success, who should receive the scarce organs? "Our data make the debate even more difficult," says John Pirsch, MD, assistant professor of medicine and transplant physician at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison. "It's


With the continuing development of ICT and rapid spread of high-speed networks, several computer-aided design tools have been improved to support distributed collaborative design. As the information which is generated through these kinds of tools begins to be shared instantly, productivity of collaboration is increasing continuously. To ensure this information is conveniently and safely accessible, many mechanisms have been proposed to manage systematically product information using access control and encryption. However, the previous methods have drawbacks in aspect of scalability, flexibility and security, so new approach is proposed in this paper. In the proposed system, permission-based access control with lazy revocation is used in which each set of product data is encrypted and stored in data storage. We examined the effectiveness of the proposed method and the advantage of proposed method.


The performance of NSM systems directly depends on the performance of the adhesive which can only be reached if a proper curing conditions and time are assured. In order to assess the curing process of the adhesives, as well as the corresponding bond behavior, adequate non-destructive testing approaches are required. Nonetheless, scarce information could be found in the literature in concern to this relevant topic. To fill such gap, the present paper proposes a new method for continuous quality control of epoxy adhesives, based on adaptations of an existing technique originally devised for continuous monitoring of concrete E-modulus since casting, called EMM-ARM (Elasticity Modulus Monitoring through Ambient Response Method). This work reports the simultaneous study of the adhesive through EMM-ARM, together with direct pullout tests at several ages on concrete specimens strengthened with NSM CFRP laminate strips using the same epoxy. The tests are described, and the obtained results are presented and discussed, highlighting the potential of applying EMM-ARM for quality control and decision-making assistance of NSM systems.


Stercoral perforation of the rectum is a rare disease. It is a potentially fatal complication of untreated chronic constipation. Presenting symptoms and signs are variable according to the site of the perforation. A 60-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with dizziness and decreased level of consciousness. He was admitted for management under care of medical team as a case of urosepsis. Two days after admission he developed picture of Fournier gangrene. The underlying cause was found to be rectal perforation. Stercoral perforation is an emergency that can be missed if not highly suspected. We present a case of stercoral rectal perforation with picture of urosepsis and Fournier gangrene as presenting symptoms. Stercoral perforation is a potentially fatal disease with unspecific presentations that need to be highly suspected in patients with chronic constipation and severe sepsis.


We present an analysis of in situ measurements from the MICA (Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling in the Alfvén Resonator) nightside auroral sounding rocket with comparisons to a multifluid ionospheric model. MICA made observations at altitudes below 325 km of the thermal ion kinetic particle distributions that are the origins of ion outflow. Late flight, in the vicinity of an auroral arc, we observe frictional processes controlling the ion temperature. Upflow of these cold ions is attributed to either the ambipolar field resulting from the heated electrons or possibly to ion‐neutral collisions. We measure E→×B→ convection away from the arc (poleward) and downflows of hundreds of m s−1 poleward of this arc, indicating small‐scale low‐altitude plasma circulation. In the early flight we observe DC electromagnetic Poynting flux and associated ELF wave activity influencing the thermal ion temperature in regions of Alfvénic aurora. We observe enhanced, anisotropic ion temperatures which we conjecture are caused by transverse heating by wave‐particle interactions (WPI) even at these low altitudes. Throughout this region we observe several hundred m s−1 upflow of the bulk thermal ions colocated with WPI; however, the mirror force is negligible at these low energies; thus, the upflow is attributed to ambipolar fields (or possibly neutral upwelling drivers). The low‐altitude MICA observations serve to inform future ionospheric modeling and simulations of (a) the need to consider the effects of heating by WPI at altitudes lower than previously considered viable and (b) the occurrence of structured and localized upflows/downflows below where higher‐altitude heating rocesses are expected.


A recent and important trend in global trade has been the proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) and Southern Africa is no exception. Regional integration efforts in Southern Africa, such as COMESA, SADC and SACU, have all sought to liberalize trade between countries so as to increase bilateral trade flows, diversify exports by overcoming the limits of small markets, and deepen specialization through achieving economies of scale. Yet despite these efforts, regional trade outcomes in Southern Africa have been limited due to barriers, particularly non-tariff barriers (NTBs), that persist on regional trade.


Abstract : The ADMAG system was instrumented to characterize the dynamic response of the gun needed to validate system simulations being developed for MC-AAAC as a part of the HSTVL program. This report deals with the measurement and analysis of recoil reaction forces at the trunnions. The resulting data are presented for use as input to the gun dynamics simulations.