wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jch J Clin Hypertens. 2018;20:606–608. ©2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The potentially adverse impact of poor sleep quality, insomnia, and other sleep disorders on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been the subject of increasing exploration over the past decade. Obstructive sleep apnea has been the most extensively studied sleep disorder in relation to hypertension, and is thought to be causally related through mechanisms including heightened sympathetic nervous system activity and vascular endothelial dysfunction that are triggered by sleepdisordered breathing.1 A growing body of research evidence has also revealed relationships between insomnia and CVD. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and is defined by subjective reports of difficulty in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or waking too early.2 With insomnia, both sleep quality and duration are often impaired. Although a diagnosis of insomnia disorder may be based on selfreport alone, objectively assessed insomnia features using polysomnography reveals longer sleep onset latency, more frequent nocturnal awakenings, and prolonged periods of wakefulness during the sleep period relative to normal sleepers.3 Observational studies employing objective sleep measures show that individuals with insomnia are more likely to have CVD, even after controlling for comorbid sleep disorders, and other potentially confounding comorbidities.4 Short sleep duration has also been associated with an increased risk of heart disease, higher blood pressure (BP), metabolic syndrome, greater coronary calcification, and higher levels of stress hormones.5 An important pathway through which sleep may affect CVD risk is through its relationship with BP, with substantial support for an association between insomnia and incident hypertension.6,7 For example, in a prospective study of 786 men and women from the Penn State Cohort, those with chronic insomnia, determined by polysomnographic study and subjective reports of sleep problems persisting for over a year, were at over twice the risk of developing hypertension over a 7.5year followup period. Furthermore, chronic insomnia coupled with short sleep duration (<6 hours) was associated with a fourfold increased risk of developing hypertension.8 Other studies, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, have reported similar observations, reinforcing the perspective that insomnia, when coupled with short sleep duration, may be especially hazardous in terms of its association with hypertension and CVD.9-11 Poor sleep quality is a widespread problem, commonly reported by patients with a variety of medical and mental health conditions,12,13 as well as among those with diagnosed sleep disorders. However, the potentially broad impact of poor selfreported sleep quality on CVD risk has received relatively little attention. In the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Hypertension, Lo and colleagues report14 an informative metaanalysis examining the association between subjective sleep quality and BP. The authors include data from studies based on over 45 000 participants spanning five continents and provide formal analyses of studies that assessed subjective sleep quality using the wellestablished and validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.15,16 Their analyses showed that poor subjective sleep quality was associated with higher BP and an increased likelihood of hypertension. The impact of poor sleep quality is perhaps likely to be most conspicuously reflected in BP during the nighttime sleep period. Ambulatory BP monitoring studies have established that BP typically exhibits a circadian rhythm characterized by a fall in pressure during the nighttime sleep period. Relative to daytime pressure, a nighttime dip in BP of ≥10% is considered normal and individuals with this level of BP dipping are referred to as BP dippers, whereas a nighttime BP dip of <10% describes nondippers.17 Lo and colleagues found that in the subset of studies in their metaanalysis, which used both the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and ambulatory BP monitoring, BP dippers were characterized by better sleep quality than nondippers. Other studies, using subjective as well as objective measures of sleep quality derived from polysomnography and actigraphy, also have shown poor sleep quality to be associated with a blunting of the normal nighttime dip in BP.18-22 The nondipping circadian BP profile is associated with target organ damage, including cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease,23,24 and is a strong prognostic indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for both patients with and those without hypertension.23,25-28 This evidence underscores the importance of BP measured during the nighttime sleep period, DOI: 10.1111/jch.13243


This new condenser provides increased facility in performing t distillations, fractional distillations ns and other similar opera-I tions, particularly where small quantities of material are in-1. volved. Useful, also in making boiling point derminations, OL.-and beginning experiments in 1 the manufacture of ether. It is fabricated entirely of PYREX A brand glass and employs stand-il ard taper grindings where speci-ij j fled. i Inner tube diameter of the No.


Vitamin E was proposed as treatment for Alzheimer's disease many years ago. However, the effectiveness of the drug is not clear. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and neuroprotector and it has anti-inflammatory and hypocholesterolemic properties, driving to its importance for brain health. Moreover, the levels of vitamin E in Alzheimer's disease patients are lower than in non-demented controls. Thus, vitamin E could be a good candidate to have beneficial effects against Alzheimer's. However, evidence is consistent with a limited effectiveness of vitamin E in slowing progression of dementia; the information is mixed and inconclusive. The question is why does vitamin E fail to treat Alzheimer's disease? In this paper we review the studies with and without positive results in Alzheimer's disease and we discuss the reasons why vitamin E as treatment sometimes has positive results on cognition but at others, it does not.


The application of Group theoretical techniques to physical problems has a long and fruitful history. Lie algebraic methods have been useful in the study of problems in physics ever since Lie algebras were introduced by M.Sophus Lie (1842-1899) at the end of the 19th century, especially after the development of quantum mechanics. This is because quantum mechanics makes use of commutators (x, Px )= i, which are the defining ingredients of Lie algebras. The theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras has become important not only in explaining the behaviour of various physical systems but also in constructing new physical theories. By identifying the suitable Spectrum Generating Algebra (SGA) the problem of interest can be approached. A Spectrum Generating Algebra exists when the Hamiltonian H can be expressed in terms of generators of the algebra. As a consequence the solution of the Schrodinger equation then becomes an algebraic problem which can be attacked using the tools of group theory. Here in this paper we derive the Schrodinger equation for the bound states of Poschl-Teller potential using Lie algebra. c


This paper describes the voltage doubler (VD) behavior of a 2.45-GHz VD-type rectenna. An important feature of the developed VD-type rectenna is the absence of the charge pump capacitor that is present in conventional VDs. Based on the circuit simulation and measurement results, the developed VD-type rectenna shows drastic improvement to the radio frequency-to-direct current (RF–dc) conversion efficiency in comparison with a half-wave rectifier (HWR)-type rectenna at output loads exceeding  $100~\Omega $ . From the simulation, both the VD- and HWR-type rectennas show VD behavior, even without the charge pump capacitor. This behavior was found to be attributable to the electric charge stored in the junction and package capacitances of the Schottky barrier diode in the rectennas. Additionally, it was found that the improvement of the RF–dc conversion efficiency is caused by the voltage conservation in the series diode. This improvement is dependent on the microwave period and the electric discharge time constant. When the microwave period is comparable with the electric discharge time constant, the VD-type rectenna conserves a dc voltage even when the input microwave voltage is negative. These phenomena were observed by analyzing the voltage and current waveforms of the rectenna equivalent circuit obtained via circuit simulation.


Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) silicone compounds are commonly used to bond optical components. For our application, we needed to identify an adhesive with good ultraviolet transmission characteristics, to couple photomultipliers to quartz windows in a Heavy Gas Čerenkov detector that is being constructed for Experimental Hall C of Jefferson Lab to provide π/K separation up to 11 GeV/c. To this end, we present the light transmission results for Momentive RTV615 silicone rubber compound for wavelengths between 195-400 nm, obtained with an adapted reflectivity apparatus at Jefferson Lab. All samples cured at room temperature have transmissions ∼ 93% for wavelengths between 360-400 nm and fall sharply below 230 nm. Wavelength dependent absorption coefficients were extracted with four samples of different thicknesses cured at normal temperature (25° C for 7 days). The absorption coefficient drops approximately two orders in magnitude from 220-400 nm, exhibiting distinct regions of flattening near 250 nm and 330 nm. We also investigated the effect of a high temperature curing method (100° C for 1 hour) and found 5-10% better transmission than with the normal method. The effect was more significant with larger sample thickness (3.35 mm) over the wavelength range of 220-280 nm.


The aim of the presented study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of chelating ion exchangers Dowex M 4195 and Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220 with bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine functional groups before and after Co(II) and Fe(III) sorption. For the practical use their sorption capacities were determined by static method depending on the contact time and the initial concentration. The kinetic parameters were determined in order to optimize the sorption of Co(II) and Fe(III) ions including the influence of chloride ions. The content of Co(II) and Fe(III) ions was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used in order to determine physicochemical properties of Dowex M 4195 and Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection analyses were also presented, especially the linear maps of the elemental composition of the cut ion exchangers beads after Co(II) and Fe(III) sorption. These studies show the distribution of cobalt and iron in the whole volume of the ion exchanger beads after the sorption process. The studies reveal that Dowex M 4195 has a far less developed surface area as compared to Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220. Microscopic examination also showed that he percentage content of the sorbed Co(II) and Fe(III) ions has not changed in the entire volume of the beads. Studied ion exchangers can be used in the removal of metal ions from the acidic industrial streams.


Experiments conducted on Uranium Dioxide ( UO 2 ) under the Manhattan Project led to the creation of the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction at Chicago-Pile 1 in 1942. Eighty years later, UO 2 functions as the primary fuel for nuclear fission reactors, providing around 10% of global electric output [1] . The importance of understanding UO 2 's thermal and magnetic properties is instrumental in ensuring safe operation and handling, which can be done computationally using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS). Simulating spin-lattice coupling with LAMMPS requires the usage of magneto-mechanical potentials instead of classical potentials, which captures more of the relevant quantum-mechanical physics that is dominant in low-temperature magnetic subsystems. UO 2 at low temperatures contains a non-trivial magnetic subsystem which is believed to be a result of quadrupole-quadrupole, magnetic exchange, and phonon-magnon interactions. We discuss progress made with simulating the magnetic subsystem of elemental Iron and possible applications to the technologically important material, UO 2 . approximately for the and smaller for the


This article presents the concept and types of information tech-nology. Revealed the possibility of using information technology in the study of mathematics


The worldwide economic competition,the competition of comprehensive national strength are,to a large extent,the manifestation of scientific and technological competition,and in the final analysis,are the competition of scientific and technological talents.In recent years,although great achievements have been made in the personnel training in scientific and technological innovation in Jiangsu province,there are still some problems.This paper,according to the actual situation of Jiangsu province,puts forward strategies for training Jiangsu scientific and technological innovative talents.


In recent years, zinc oxide (ZnO)-based nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of interest thanks to their outstanding and multifunctional properties [...].


VETERINARY teams tend to lack self-belief and this could negatively impact on their wellbeing, a smallscale study has indicated. The research, which was carried out by coaching organisation Engage, analysed qualities in 12 practice teams (518 employees) that were either winning or highly commended entries in the 2016 Society of Practising Veterinary Surgeons Wellbeing Awards. It then compared these qualities to teams in other industries. The sample was made up of 4000 people across different job roles and grades. The comparative analysis found that veterinary staff (vets, veterinary nurses, receptionists and anyone else working within a practice) had less self-belief, were less confident in wider social settings and tended to be cynical about the benefits of business development. According to the analysts, the overall result indicated a less confident, open and engaged workforce when compared to other sectors. This could have a detrimental effect on wellbeing, Engage said. The analysis found that veterinary surgeons were less engaged and less open than their colleagues. They were also most likely to think they had less impact than other team members working in the practice. Given that the research analysed high-functioning practices, the results are worrying said Jodi O'Dell, the founder of Engage. 'The results reflect award winners. This means that when compared to a general norm group, vet populations demonstrate lower levels of self-confidence and a more negative, perhaps cynical, attitude towards personal development. The implications being that for other vet practices, ie, non-award winners, this could suggest a more negative view.' However, she said the study provided a positive change message for the profession. 'Developing a more confident, open and motivated mindset is key to veterinary practice wellbeing. This is an important consideration for those wanting to improve wellbeing, retention and profitability', she said. Creating an effective wellbeing strategy requires a holistic approach, O'Dell said. This means addressing any environmental factors that contribute to stress, as well as building resilience in staff so they develop internal coping strategies to deal with the growing demands of the job. Lizzie Lockett, CEO of the RCVS and director of the Mind Matters Initiative, said any research that helped the profession to understand in more detail the factors that affected wellbeing was a good thing. 'Although we know through our work with Vet Futures that the veterinary profession has high levels of public trust, anecdotally, and now backed up by this research, we can see this is not necessarily matched by self-belief among professionals.' Engage has developed a wellbeing programme that can help practices develop their own wellbeing risk assessment and plan. Visit engagecoach.com/vets Developing a more confident, open and motivated mindset is key to veterinary practice wellbeing


Since fall 1995 the Department of Mathematical Sciences at New Mexico State
University has been involved in a partnership with the Las Cruces, NM, USA,
Public Schools. We offer a series of five one-semester courses attended jointly by
prospective and practising teachers of grades K-8. The sequence covers the
arithmetic of integers, rational, and real numbers, metric geometry, algebra, and
science, with integrated use of technology. Practic\sing teachers act as mentors for
prospective teachers, who become their apprentices. Material is organised into
units that provide lesson plans for elementary and middle grades. Practicing
teachers use them in their classrooms, and their apprentices observe or even teach
under their mentors' supervision. The partnership supports preservice teachers as
they learn advanced mathematics and use it in a classroom setting.


OBJECTIVE
To examine geographic patterns of fatal child abuse or neglect (CAN) among children younger than 5 years old.

DESIGN
A death certificate-based model to estimate the occurrence of fatal CAN.

SETTING
United States, 1979 to 1988.

PARTICIPANTS
The population of children younger than 5 years old.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MAIN RESULTS
We estimate that from 868 to 1815 deaths annually occur among children younger than 5 years old from CAN. The lower figure is the estimate of confirmed CAN, and the higher is the estimate of the sum of confirmed, probable, and possible CAN. Death rates were highest in the South and West, intermediate in the North Central, and lowest in the Northeast. A threefold difference was noted between rates in the lowest- and highest-ranking states (ie, Connecticut, 2.9 to 5.2 per 100,000, and Nevada, 6.7 to 15.4 per 100,000, respectively). When the 39 largest metropolitan areas were ranked, a similar variation between the lowest and the highest was observed (ie, Boston, Mass, 2.7 to 5.5 per 100,000, and Phoenix, Ariz, 6.6 to 15.5 per 100,000, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Understanding the sizable geographic variation in CAN deaths rates could lead to effective interventions. If the US fatality rate were reduced to that of Connecticut, between 434 and 908 fewer CAN deaths might occur annually.


A standing acoustic wave in a liquid exerts on a bubble a net translational force that, under proper conditions, propels the bubble through the liquid. Measurements are presented of the velocity at which bubbles, driven below resonance, are drawn toward an acoustic pressure antinode of a standing wave in a cylindrical container. Bubble velocities, ranging to 25 cm/sec, were measured by photographing the bubble under stroboscopic illumination as it moved in the sound field. Bubble radii ranged from 20 to 80 μ, and pressure amplitudes from 0.0 to 0.9 bar. It is found that, if the acoustic pressure and its gradient are known accurately as a function of position, then the observed bubble motion agrees with the motion predicted analytically. Experimental results also indicate a threshold for an instability in the rectilinear motion of the bubble. This threshold appears to be identical with the threshold for the observed onset of dancing motion of stationary bubbles trapped in a sound field. Theory indicates th...


Abstruct-Multigate pulsed Doppler systemsenable the transcutaneous and simultaneous assessment of the velocities in a number of adjacent sample volumes as a continuous function of time. Since the velocity distribution along the ultrasonic beam is readily available, detailed information can be obtained about the time-dependent flow behavior in the major superficial arteries. A multigate pulsed Doppler system processing the information originating from 32 sample volumes in a sequential way ispresented. Serial data processingis achieved by digitizing the range and time-dependent phase signal and performing the required signal processing (filtering and zero crossing counting) in a digital form. The multigate system is connected to a storage unit, enabling online visualization of the recorded velocity profiles over a number of cardiac cycles. Two output modes are available: the velocity distribution as a continuous function of depth at discrete time intervals and the velocities in a number of adjacent sample volumes as a continuous function of time. The number of interactive controls is restricted to only two: the selector of the sample volume for audio output and the HALT command for the digital storage unit. Both controls can be operated by a footswitch, allowing maximal mobility for the investigator. Resenfly the increasing noise level with increasing depth limits the useful exploration range to 45 mm.


Geothermal energy is a sustainable and low-emission energy resource. It has the advantage of low-cost and withstanding nature hazards. Taiwan is located on the western Ring of Fire and characteristic of widespread hot spring and high surface heat flows, especially on the north of Taiwan. Many previous studies reveal that the Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) has great potential to develop the geothermal energy.


Basidial development in Clavicorona pyxidata was examined using light and electron microscopy. Nuclear morphology from prekaryogamy to spore production was studied with particular emphasis on the s...


Chronic idiopathic hyperphtsphitasia is a rare disease of childhtod characterized by generalized cortical thickening of the long bones and skull, resulting in marked bone deformities, and by a sustained elevated serum alkaline phosphatase value. The roentgenographc and pathological findings in this disease were indistinguishable from adult Paget's disease of bone. The associated pseudoxanthoma elasticum in the presented case may reflect a common underlying defect in these two diseases.


Methods for testing the cryogenic metal tank prior to use. Tank (1) is filled with water, if necessary, appropriate measurements are made. Meet seawater metal cryogenic tank (1), bottom and side of the metal wall of the tank (1) which is made of steel exposed approximately (2,3), when the anode is immersed in sea water, the tank (1) performing the temporary cathodic protection by injecting current into the anode disposed within. Advantageously, the first anode array (5 Support means First anode (5 The diameter of the circle


While scholars in technical communication have examined on theoretical concerns of post humanism, less work has focused on designing for engaging experiences between humans and nonhuman agents like robots. In this research article, we present findings from a project investigating the possibility of designing a social robot to help measure teen stress. To explore design possibilities, we conducted a series of participatory design sessions with teens to envision the design of a social robot to measures stress. The findings from the study include how teens react to existing robots, how teens conceptualize robots that might live in their schools through storyboarding and group discussion, and reactions to an emerging design of a low fidelity robot. In our discussion, we reflect on implications for designing social robots for and with teens, considerations for studying engaging relationships, and reflections on methodological choices of participatory design.


In the northeast part of the Nepa-Botuobinsk oil- gas region, which lies within the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), gas-oil pools occur in Osin reservoirs on the Peleduy high (Talakan field) and in the region of the Mirnin high (Srednebotuobinsk field). The reservoirs are permeable carbonates of the Bilir Formation and the seals are evaporites (largely salt) of the Yuregin Formation. The oil and gas pools of these fields occur only in the upper half of the Bilir Formation, which correlates with the Osin member of the Usol Formation of the south (Irkutsk) part of the Nepa-Botuobinsk region. Eleven members are Bilir Formation in the study area. The lower Bilir consists of seven members (from 1 to 6/1), and the upper of four (7 through 10). The members of the lower Bilir have presistent thickness and lithology, for the uppermost of these (member 6/1), which consists of salt and is present only the Tympuchikan, Verkhnechon, and Talakan areas. The upper Bilir is different. The two middle members, 8 and 9, of one another in the area. Elsewhere they are combined into member


During the imperial period, French colonial law developed regimes of exception for indigenous peoples in contravention of the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. These were justified by the need to secure order and by the claim that 'natives' were too 'backward' for the juridical principles upheld by the Declaration to apply to them. Introduced as temporary measures in Algeria in the 1840s, these measures, which discriminated between the French settler 'citizens' and the native 'subjects', became firmly entrenched by the Third Republic, supported by the emergence of the 'colonial sciences' and the International Colonial Institute in the late 19th century. The exception became the rule. The colonial juridical regimes were derogatory of principle in two major ways: they subsumed universality to territoriality and defined the personhood of indigenous peoples according to racial, cultural or religious affiliations rather than as part of a shared humanity. Two particularly exorbitant measures of wide application were administrative internment without right of review and collective responsibility of a group for individual actions. Such regimes of exception persisted in French colonies until after World War II.


In this work the Raman total half band widths of five nucleic acids nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil) have been measured, respectively. Raman scattering can be used to study the fast subpicosecond dynamics of purinic and pyrimidinic nucleic acids bases in solid state. The dependencies of the total half band widths and of the corresponding global relaxation times, on atomic groups and on the type of free nucleic acids bases, are reported. In our study, the full widths at half-maximum (FWHMs) for the Raman bands of nucleic acids bases, are typically in the wavenumber range from 9.5 to 22 cm−1. Besides, it can be observed that molecular relaxation processes studied in this work, have a global relaxation time value smaller than 1.06 ps and larger than 0.46 ps. We have found that the band centered at 941 cm−1 of adenine, the profiles near 1232 cm−1, 1678 cm−1, in the case of guanine, the band around 1116 cm−1 attributed to cytosine, the profiles at 1490, 1673 cm−1 attributed to thymine and several Raman bands corresponding to atomic groups in uracil, respectively, are suitable for further studying the dynamical behavior of molecular fragments in nucleic acids bases.


This project uses data mining to group the operational data of the dehydration process of the Granny Smith apple at the Agroindustrial Surfrut company so that an optimal point in the operation can be identified. This approach is selected because the operational data is so complex that it is not possible to model it in a mathematical expression necessary to identify an optimal point through mathematically solving an optimization problem. The optimal point identified in the data mining will be used by the company Agroindustrial Surfrut to lower operating costs while maintaining the quality of its products, allowing a competitive advantage in the national market.


Prior research on real-world way-finding and environmental design principles has shown that effective virtual design supports skilled way-finding behaviour. Darken and Cevik [1] proved that augmentations such as direction indicators, maps and path restriction greatly improve way finding performance and achieve overall user satisfaction when represented in large-scale virtual structures. This study includes a control variable (screen size of a mobile device) that was not previously considered as a means in improving way finding given the increased use of 3D maps for mobile devices as navigation aids. A subjective experiment was carried out in order to determine the user preferences. The result indicated that the screen size of mobile devices suitable for navigation aid is directly related to the perceived effectiveness and that pictorially realistic satellite imagery that allows 3D view manipulation does not depend on screen size. Through an artificial neural network, the users' perception was compared to the screen size of mobile devices and the analysis showed that medium to large screen sized mobile devices are most commonly used for navigation and that the small screen of mobile devices was not affected by the presence or absence of 3D effects in monocular static displays.


The mechanical vibration phenomenon of the glass plate and the water electrode is reported in a 50-Hz dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The electrical discharge is produced in a single-barrier parallel plate-plate system in which the water acts as a liquid electrode and the glass plate acts as a dielectric layer. When the voltage reaches the discharge onset voltage, the regular water wave starts to occur. At a further voltage increase, the water wave gradually disappears. To determine the possible reasons for the emerging vibration, a pulsed airflow system is constructed and the experimental result shows that the impact of the 50-Hz pulsed airflow against the glass plate also results in the formation of similar water wave without power supply. On the other hand, based on the calculated results of the Lissajous figure in the DBD, the electrical field force acting on the glass plate and the impact force of the electron-flow as well as the ion-flow against the glass plate are approximately calculated and compared. These experiments and calculation show that the emerging water wave should be attributed to the square construction of water tank and the vibration of glass plate, the driving sources leading to the vibration of the glass plate are the Coulomb force, the Maxwell stress and the impact force of the ion-flow during the discharge phase.


We consider the downlink of a cellular network with multiple antenna base stations and single antenna user terminals. In cellular networks with and without cooperation, the problem of instationary intercell interference arises. Some base stations change their beamforming unpredictably and the signal to interference plus noise ratios of the served user terminals are unknown at the base station. Consequently, the precoding and link rate adaption are outdated and the transmission might fail. Hybrid automatic repeat request can be used to mitigate the risk of such a fail. We propose to optimize the precoders at the base stations based on the expectation of the rate, where we include the effects of soft combining in the optimization.


Interactions between lakes and the atmosphere are poorly understood, especially for lakes in highland areas. A better understanding of the physical processes controlling turbulent exchange dynamics over lakes is crucial to improve the numerical modelling of the lake–climate interaction. Four years of continuous measurements of energy and CO2 fluxes are conducted over a shallow highland lake (Lake Erhai) in China using eddy covariance (EC) technique from 2012 to 2015. It is found that the latent heat flux (LE) and sensible heat flux (H) has distinct diurnal and seasonal variations. The diurnal H and LE ranges from −31 to 21 W/m2 and from 31 to 171 W/m2, respectively. The heat is stored in the lake from January to June and released from July to the end of the year. The annual total evaporation of Lake Erhai varies from 1120.8 to 1228.5 mm/a, which is always higher than the annual total precipitation. On diurnal scale, the CO2 uptake is observed during most of the midday period. On an annual scale, the Lake Erhai behaves as a net CO2 source, with an annual CO2 budget ranging from 117.5 to 161.7 g C m−2 a−1. The temperature difference (ΔT) between the water surface (T s) and the air temperature (T a), and the product of ΔT and wind speed (U) are the major drivers of H from half‐hourly to monthly scale. The main factors controlling LE are U and the product of U and the vapour pressure difference (VPD) on half‐hourly and daily scales, the total cloud cover, and net radiation (R n) on the monthly scale. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and U has a close relationship with half‐hourly and daily CO2 fluxes, respectively, while annual precipitation and T s has a larger effect on annual CO2 fluxes.


Using the advanced CCD technology,Choosing C8051F410 as core control module,according to dam deformation monitoring's demand,the high accuracy and automatic measuring intelligence wire alignment transducer is designed.Principle of work,system structure design,main hardware and software design are introduced primely.The transducer has been successfully applied to deformation measurement of dam appearance.The measurement result indicates that this instrument has very strong accuracy.


One of the most important requirements in the field of English language education is the long-term sustainability of teacher professional development (ELT). As a result, investigating the potential impacts of PD on ELT teachers is an important area of study in this subject. By examining the effects of professional development on ELT instructors' performance, this study adds to the current corpus of research on professional development training courses. The research sheds light on the efficacy of teacher professional development in Saudi Arabia. This was accomplished by looking into teachers' perspectives of professional development techniques and challenges. An online survey was updated and administered with a sample of 115 male and female English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers for the objectives of this study. SPSS® was used to do statistical analysis on the survey's primary data. The comments of the teachers were described using descriptive statistics. Professional development has a great impact and effect on EFL Saudi instructors' performance, as well as a considerable beneficial impact on teachers' beliefs, practices, and students' learning, according to the findings of this study in response to the research question. The study offers pedagogical implications for EFL teachers in terms of professional development practices and skills that can help them enhance their teaching.


Bian-Que Triple-Bean Soup (Bian-Que San Dou Yin in Chinese) is a folk remedy which has been used for thousands of years in the practices of traditional Chinese medicine. The objectives of the current study were aimed to determine in vitro anti-diabetic effects and to find out the optimal cooking time for retaining active substances. α-Glycosidase in vitro inhibitory capacities and DPPH free radical scavenging capacities, and contents of active substances including total phenolics, saponin, tannin and monomeric anthocyanin, were determined with colorimetric methods. The results revealed that Bian-Que Triple-Bean Soup boiled for 30 min has the most effective impact on α-glycosidase inhibition. n-Butanol-soluble and water extract fractions showed relatively higher α-glycosidase inhibitory activity (17.4% and 11.2%, respectively) than that (2.56% and 5.32%, respectively) of hexane-soluble and dichloromethane-soluble fractions. Degradation was observed for those thermally unstable substances (TPC, tannin, and anthocyanin) by extending the boiling time; however, there were no obvious changes for thermo-stable substances (saponin).


Torque ripple from electric motor can excite a system resonance perceived as vibration at the vehicle seat track. The CAE simulation procedure was applied to analyze the seat track acceleration excited by electric motor torque ripple. In this study, the transfer function between the electric motor torque and vehicle level seat track acceleration was developed, and it incorporates the control capability and vehicle sensitivity subfunctions. The motor level torque ripple requirement was developed, which can support motor design in early vehicle development stage based on vehicle level criteria. The analysis results obtained for motor level torque ripple requirement shows good agreement with the experimental validation using vehicle test data. The variation study on control capability and vehicle sensitivity was investigated, and the results can help to identify the solution to improve vehicle torque ripple response. The results could be used to define electric motor design as requirements and improve the vehicle level vibration response.


In this study, using a more appreciate definition of a neutrosophic soft point, we introduce neutrosophic soft functions, and present the concepts of neutrosophic soft continuous, neutrosophic soft open, neutrosophic soft closed, and neutrosophic soft homeomorphic functions in a very different way from the source existing in the literature. In the investigation we prove theorems related to these concepts and provide some examples.


Mapping The Prelude is an investigation which explores the potential for a creative code- driven approach to re-locate Wordsworth's epic autobiographical poem, The Prelude, in the context of the wider geographic landscape which informed and inspired his work. Situated between disciplines of creative data manipulation and digital humanities, the project begins to examine novel ways to re-map the 'landscape' of a literary text in relationship with its wider geospatial data: exploring the border area between literary and geographic spaces and creating new encounters of each. This annotated portfolio outlines the work produced during the investigation and considers areas of future research.


A liquid preparation contains micelles which consist of a block copolymer that has at least one polymer block solvating in the solvent and one polymer block bindable for the colloidal metal and which contain colloidal metal enclosed in metallic, oxidic or sulfidic semiconductor form in an organic or inorganic liquid solvent. To produce it, a salt of a metal that can be converted to a colloidal form is added to a solution of the block copolymer in a suitable solvent, forming metallic salt-containing micelles from the block copolymer; the salt is then reduced to form a colloid and the resulting colloidal metal is optionally converted with a sulfide or hydroxide donator to its sulfidic or oxidic semiconductor form or the salt is converted directly to its colloidal sulfidic or oxidic semiconductor form with a sulfide or hydroxide donator.


FERREIRA, L. V. Socio-demographic profile and access to diagnosis of patients tuberculosis treated at the clinic or reference, Campina Grande, PB, 2010. Degree in Nursing – University of Paraíba, Center for Life Sciences and Health, 2010. This study aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic profile and the access to diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) treated at the Clinic of Reference in Campina Grande, PB, in the period from March to May 2010. METHODOLOGY: a descriptive study, a questionnaire to evaluate the Health Services using a quantitative approach, focusing on the sociodemographic and the access to diagnosis. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13 program to quantify the average of the access to diagnosis, analyzed by Likert scale, size and frequency of socio-demographic information, were then transported to the Microsoft Excel 2007 for the graphics. RESULTS: Among the patients interviewed, 52.9% were male, 64.8% were 18-39 years old, 14.7% were between 40-50 years old and 20.6% were above 51. As for schooling, 8.8% don"t have any level of schooling, 61.8% had low education (primary school to incomplete secondary school). 58.8% lived with four or more people, 38.2% lived with two or three people, 44.12% were diagnosed in public hospitals or insured by SUS, 32.35% in the Clinic of Reference, 11.76% in private services and 8.82% in primary care services. It was identified, although that 44.1% sought the SS only once to get the service, 20.6% twice, 14.7% and 17.6% three times sought the Health Services for five or more times. Regarding the difficulty to move to the health unit, the indicator is regular (average: 3.71, SD 1.244, 95% CI [3.27 to 4.14]). As for the search of the patient, by the health unit nearest to the residence, the index is unsatisfactory (average 2.56, SD 1.521, 95% CI [2.03 to 3.09]). Patients missed days of work at the start of symptoms to go to the health unit, and there are regular index (mean and SD of 3.29 1.426, 95% CI [2.80 to 3.79]) using motorized means of transport (average 2.03, SD 1.605, 95% CI [1.47 to 2.59]), having to pay for this device (average 2.35, SD 1.739, 95% CI [1.75 to 2.96]). Regarding the query to detect the disease within 24 hours, there was regular index (mean 3.74, SD 1.377, 95% CI [3.25 to 4.22]). CONCLUSIONS: The TB patient has different characteristics, often unfavorable to his health condition, making him more vulnerable. The knowledge of socio-demographic aspects of the TB patients may be used as a way to prevent the spread of the disease, because it allows the professional to conduct his activities to prevent and minimize the risks of contagion, having these aspects direct implications on access to diagnosis, characteristics inherent to the patient can be barriers to his access to care, but it is noteworthy that the Health Services plays a major role in controlling the disease, since the very organization may impose barriers to patient access to diagnosis, which could interfere on the individual's motivation for seeking assistance.


Tables are given for the function 1 – (1 – p) N , the probability of at least one success in N independent trials, each with probability of success p, for p = .01(.01).99, N = 1(1)15; and p = .02(.02).38, N = 16(2)104. Several examples of the use of this function are discussed briefly.


This chapter challenges the traditional term 'problem play' to categorize Troilus and Cressida, Measure for Measure, and All's Well That Ends Well and instead looks at them as 'comedies of rule', in which young lovers seeking romantic felicity share the stage with rulers seeking power. Earlier comedies, of course, feature rulers such as dukes or kings, but in these the political interests of (mostly) benevolent rulers are aligned with the romantic interests of young lovers. In Troilus, Measure, and All's Well, rulers, far from felicitously reconciling the assertion of their own power and the liberation of lovers from oppressive parents, consolidate political authority by regulating romantic desire. The chapter argues that this darker version of the comic ruler is a response to James I's absolutist construction of the relation between rex and lex and his investment in fashioning himself as parens patriae.


A variational solution is derived for computing the impedance of a radiating longitudinal shunt slot of rectangular shape in the broad face of a rectangular waveguide. This solution, an extension of Oliner's deviation, yields the slot resonant length, accounting for the displacement of the slot from the center of the waveguide. Taking advantage of the results reported in the existent literature, the computation of impedance can be extended to that for a slot in a large array environment, with or without a dielectric sheath covering. Under some reasonable assumptions and comparing the experimental data with theoretical values, a semi-empirical equation is obtained for the resonant length of a slot with round ends in practical applications. The computational method presented in this paper is experimentally assessed to be valuable for the design of slotted waveguide arrays.


The article analyzes individual approaches of scientists to understanding the concept of "mechanism of administrative and legal regulation", including in the field of corruption prevention. Separate directions regarding the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the application of the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of prevention of corruption in the bodies of the National Police of Ukraine are outlined. Investigating issues in the field of improving the administrative-legal mechanism for the prevention of offenses related to corruption committed by police officers, the scientists attribute to the factors that are an obstacle to its effective implementation: insufficient conceptual security of strategic and tactical aspects of combating corruption, which leads to systemic miscalculations, contradiction between individual elements of the programmatic anti-corruption document; low level of prognostic support; lack of comprehensive involvement of specialists in the field of criminology, economics, accounting, computer technology and technology, and other sciences; predominant focus on the activities of law enforcement agencies; low resource and scientific support; lack of analysis and discussion of the results of implementation of accepted programs; insufficient focus of anti-corruption programs on certain areas of management activity and selection of priority directions for combating corruption; incorrect formulation of the goals of such a struggle; formal nature of measures of ideological influence; low level of differentiation of prevention measures in relation to various types of corruption manifestations; lack of a mechanism for monitoring the progress of their implementation and correction during the implementation process; lack of proper social control on the part of the public. One of the most important anti-corruption principles of a preventive nature is competitive selection for positions in the National Police of Ukraine. Article 52 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police" states that the competition is held in accordance with the Standard procedure for conducting a competition for police service and/or filling a vacant position, which is approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.


This study presents an interpretable etiology classification model based on computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs), which represented clinical practice guideline of the ischemic stroke etiology classification in GDL2 and applied the CIG to the Chinese case reports from real world. We used natural language processing technology to process the real-world case reports and mapped them to the clinical practice guidelines, which validated the feasibility of the etiology classification model proposed in this study. The experimental results provide technical support for the construction of CDSS combining clinical practice guidelines and electronic medical record data.


Abstract This article interrogates how Franz Schreker's Die Gezeichneten and its early reception reflected an uneasiness about the confines of manhood. As an opera with a complex genesis and a difficult reception history, Die Gezeichneten's allure comes from its resistance to being reduced to only one thing. I nevertheless seek to locate this opera around the time of its premiere towards the end of the First World War. I contend that Die Gezeichneten and its immediate reception charted a key transition in Austro-German masculinity. Specifically, the opera's early performances marked a move away from the period's normative models of bourgeois masculinity (and their corresponding ideas about appearance, health and nationhood) and towards an alternative masculinity preoccupied with degeneracy. I focus on the opera's masks, arguing that, through acts of concealment and disclosure, the opera's two male protagonists struggle to negotiate expectations of an emotionally controlled modern manhood, calling attention to wartime anxieties about what it meant to be a man. Such anxieties resulted in a hardening of attitudes towards the masculine gender, which influenced contemporary music criticism too. Die Gezeichneten's highly sensationalist early reviews relied on a language of degeneracy. Yet I suggest that the opera's initial reception captured a critical moment in this language's history before it was subsumed under Nazi ideology.


The purpose of this study was to investigate, analyze and finally develop the prototype of
Centralized Automation System for Open Item Transaction (DPT) at PT Bank Negara Indonesia
(Persero) Tbk. The system can minimize the open item transaction (DPT) that is expecfed to
reduce the penally, expense and processing time. The data were collected from the Head Office and
2 branches in Jakarta. A descriptive method and a combined method System Development Life
Cycle (SDLC) and protolyping development were used to analyze the collected data. The results
of the study is in forms of logical model of the system (data flow diagram, dictionary and process
descriptions), physical design of the system and the protorype of the system. To optimize th e overall
system, some changes to the branch applications such as inter-branch online voucher journal a nd
transaction process enhancement are made. Later, to focus on the organization effectiveness. two
units in Head Office PGT and SAK, were merged to be one unit (unit PGT). I suggest that the management be more intensified on the evalualion and provide system recovery to avoid process failures at the Head Office. If it is to be implemented at all branches, it will be better to use the pilot project to reduce the risk rate.


The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the low-frequency region of infrared spectra and Raman scattering spectra in liquid cyclic hydrocarbons (arenes) and their halogen-substituted ones are analyzed. The results of experimental studies of 13 liquids in the range 20–700 cm–1 using a high-resolution all-wavelength vacuum Fourier spectrometer (Bruker IFS 125 HR) are presented. It is shown that the appearance of spectral bands in the low-frequency region (the region of the "boson" peak) of the infrared spectra of liquids is due to the formation and decay of cluster formations in the structure of the liquid.


VNC (virtual network computing) is a remote access software using RFB (remote frame buffer) protocol. VNC supports access to resources of a remote system through sharing the desktop of the remote system. In this paper, we describe an extension of VNC for effective real-time collaboration through the Internet. For effective collaboration, we provide three kinds of access authorities: administrator, worker, and spectator. The administrator controls access authorities of the users. The workers can access the remote resources provided by the collaboration server, while the spectators can not handle the remote resources, only monitoring the remote desktop of the collaboration server. To support those access authorities, the UltraVNC server and the JavaViewer are extended.


[Abstract] In this paper, an enhanced 2-stage vehicle license plate detection scheme using object segmentation is proposed to detect accurately the rotated license plates due to the inclined photographing angles in real-road situations. With the previous 3-stage vehicle license plate detection pipeline model, the detection accuracy is likely decreased as the license plates are declined. To resolve this problem, we propose an enhanced 2-stage model by replacing the frontal two processing stages which are for detecting vehicle area and vehicle license plate respectively in only rectangular shapes in the previous 3-stage model with one step to detect vehicle license plate in arbitrarily shapes using object segmentation. According to the comparison results in terms of the detection accuracy of the proposed 2-stage scheme and the previous 3-stage pipeline model against the rotated license plates, the accuracy of the proposed 2-stage scheme is improved by up to about 20% even though the detection process is simplified


..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 The DNA damage response in cancer cells ................................................................................................................. 6 The cancer stem cell model ........................................................................................................................................ 8 The DNA damage response in cancer stem cells ......................................................................................................11 Clinical implications ..................................................................................................................................................13 References ................................................................................................................................................................15


A laboratory experimental method and analysis technique is presented for evaluation of individual film-cooling row flow capacity characteristics. The method is particularly suited to complex systems such as hot section nozzle guide vanes (NGV) with lossy feed system characteristics. The method is believed to be both more accurate and more experimentally efficient than previous techniques. The new analysis technique uses an experimentally calibrated network model to represent the complex feed system, and replaces the need for internal loss measurements, which are both experimentally demanding and inaccurate. Improvements in the experimental method include a differential mass flow rate measurement method (with a bypass flow) which improves repeatability and reduces experiment time. We demonstrate the method using two high pressure (HP) NGV designs: an engine part with relatively uncoupled (in terms of internal loss) cooling rows; and a laser-sintered part with highly coupled cooling rows. The HPNGV designs are experimentally assessed in both a laboratory calibration facility, and in an engine-realistic aerodynamic field. We show that the individual-row flow capacity can be evaluated in the calibration facility to a 2σ precision of approximately 0.3%. Errors associated to scaling to the engine aerodynamic field are estimated.


The fundamental goal of this research is to allow mobile users, in particular train passengers and train crew, to traverse seamlessly across different wireless network technologies while ensuring service continuity and a certain level of QoS in different application domains (data, audio, video, gaming, etc.). Assuming that most of the train passengers use standard 802.11 client adapters inside of their Windows running devices, we present a vendor-independent solution to let the passengers seamlessly enjoy the broadband services while moving in or around the train.


The character of, and amount of, preparation and training necessary for any task depend largely upon the nature of the task. In professions like law and medicine, that fact is quite well established. Not so with teaching. Perhaps the chief reason for this is that the teaching job has not been analyzed as yet. There is by no means universal agreement regarding the aims and objectives in education; there is still less agreement as to the preparation necessary to obtain those objectives and aims. Some progress, however, is being made in job analysis in the teaching profession. An encouraging number of teachers are now thinking in terms of specific types of teaching, rather than in general terms. Normal schools and teachers colleges are differentiating their curricula into Primary-Kindergarten, Intermediate Grades, Upper Grammar Grades, Junior High School, and the Senior High School departments. The certification regulations in not a few states are taking cognizance of these types of teaching, and of this very definite and specific training, in the licensing of teachers. There is very manifestly a forward movement in the direction of specifics in teacher training. But is it sufficient to stop, in our analysis, with the equipment which a kindergarten teacher, or a teacher of high-school mathematics, should have? It would seem that the job is only half complete if the efforts stop there. Should not the same serious thought be given to a study of the equipment necessary for the one who trains the kindergarten teacher or the high-school mathematics teacher? Can that training be secured, with any degree of certainty, without knowing what constitutes the equipment of the one who trains the teacher for her specific task ? The purpose of this study is to find, if possible, some of the elements which should constitute a part of the equipment of the teachers in our teacher-training institutions. It is concerned with those teachers that are found in the organization of practically all present-day normal schools. The investigation has been limited to the Heads of


Against the background of the requirements of digital age, as one of the first George Siemens depicted the limitations of previous learning theories by characterizing the impact of rapidly evolving technologies and its implications on learning processes. To guarantee a just in time and on demand knowledge transfer on a regular basis, Connectivism states the finding of "nodes", which could be of both human and machine incarnation, as an essential process in lifelong learning. In order to reveal the potential of Connectivist learning networks for computer-supported collaborative learning or rather peer learning and at the same time to identify important factors that influence the selection of learning partners, an empirical study on the basis of questionnaires and guidelinesupported interviews was conducted. More than 700 people including pupils, students, teachers, employees and others provided a wealth of information that were distilled to a set of essential functional requirements regarding a system that automatically connects people of a social learning environment into context-aware learning networks. It was found that people prefer to collaboratively perform learning and working activities with persons being in the same situation and chasing the same objectives, for example preparation for a specific exam. Any longer, it was determined that also a similarity on personal level is desired, which includes for instance same learning tempo, and same procedure. While the study results reflect that professional expertise plays a tangential role, social aspects like reliability, determination, motivation, active involvement, helpfulness, and communication skills were identified as further primary drivers in the selection of learning partners. Based on the derived catalogue of requirements, an existing peer finding algorithm was analyzed and extended in order to fulfil the stated demands of Connectivist learning networks in digital age.


Dedicated to Prof. Herbert Gajewski in occasion of his 65th birthday Isothermal quantum hydrodynamic equations of order 𝒪($\hbar$2) using the quantum entropy minimization method recently developed by Degond and Ringhofer are derived. The equations have the form of the usual quantum hydrodynamic model including a correction term of order 𝒪($\hbar$2 which involves the vorticity. If the initial vorticity is of order 𝒪($\hbar$4, the standard model is obtained up to order . The derivation is based on a careful expansion of the quantum equilibrium obtained from the entropy minimization in powers of $\hbar$2.


Physicochemical analysis of water samples from hand-dug wells in Ajebamidele area of Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria were carried out in order to assess the quality of water from these sources. Samples were taken from 24 evenly distributed wells and 20 parameters were determined. The results showed variations in physicochemical quality of water from the hand-dug wells. A synthesis of the data indicates that most of the well waters are potable since the concentrations of ions in majority of the samples are below the maximum permissible level indicated in the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Complimentary pre-use treatments would enhance the quality status of the well water as desirable. © 2009 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved Keywords: Regolith, pollution, potability, wells, parameters.


Peaceful transition of administration through new elections and an elected majority government marked a significant step toward consolidation of democracy in Thailand. An otherwise positive picture was clouded by continuing insurgency in the south. Thailand appears to have weathered economic shocks from a sharp decline in tourism and a spike in oil prices, but relations with Malaysia concerning cross-border issues associated with the southern insurgency are strained.


This paper addresses the diversification of plant resource management practices in the lowlands of southeastern Uruguay starting in the fourth millennium B.P. Our approach includes (a) a reexamination of ethnohistorical sources; (b) a review of lithic and ceramic materials; (c) the presentation of new ethnoarchaeological information; and (d) the analysis of starch grains from grinding stones. The results highlight the importance of the palm Butia odorata as a source of food and useful materials for much of the year. Furthermore, the analysis of both macro- and micro-residues has enabled us to identify the presence of Datura ferox seeds and starch grains from edible plants. While many of these identifications confirm the use of a number of previously reported species, others are new, as is the case with Phaseolus sp., Arachis sp., and Typha domingensis. Continuity in the management of certain plant species and in environmental conditioning is interpreted as an important investment in the long-term cycles of human-environment interactions.


Sympathetic overactivity is evident in young patients with mild hypertension who have tachycardia, elevated cardiac output, norcpinephrine, renin and insulin levels. As hypertension advances, the cardiac sympathetic responsiveness decreases, whereas the vascular responsiveness increases. Eventually, the hemodynamic picture changes from a high cardiac output to a high vascular resistance. These changes becloud the more obvious signs of sympathetic overactivity, but the autonomic imbalance continues to contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension and its complications. Increased sympathetic tone is involved in the association of hypertension with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, high hematocrit, cardiovascular hypertrophy and vulnerability to arrhythmias. A better understanding of how sympathetic overaclivity contributes to excess coronary risk in hypertension may lead to new treatment strategies to prevent coronary complications of hypertension.


Background : The relationship between gastric cancer and gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) has been frequently reported on, but there have been no systemic studies on whether or not GCP is a precancerous lesion. The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the groups in which some of the patients were accompanied by carcinoma and the other patients were non-cancerous (35 GCP cases were without previous surgery). Methods : From February 2000 through July 2005, 35 cases of GCP without antecedent gastric surgery were diagnosed histologically. We reviewed the medical records, the endoscopic findings and the histologic findings of the patients. Results : In these cases, the age ranged from 33 and 82 years (mean: 63ト10.1 years). The endoscopic findings of GCP were various: there were 6 erosions and 9 ulcers in the cancer group and 12 polyps in the non-cancer group (p=0.000). The mean size of the lesions was 21.4コ17.8 mm in the cancer group and 14.69.3 mm in the non-cancer group (p=0.337). Hypertension was associated with 15 cases (42.9%) in the cancer group and with 2 cases (5.7%) in the non-cancer group (p=0.000). There were 13 smokers (37.1%) in the cancer group and 6 smokers (17.1%) in the non-cancer group(p=0.028). For the histologic findings, 6 GCP patients were associated with dysplasia of adenomas, 4 GCP patients with intestinal metaplasias and 28 GCP patients (80%) with precancerous lesions and carcinomas. Conclusions : In this study, 18 GCP patients (51.4%) were associated with carcinoma and 10 GCP patients (29%) were associated with precancerous lesions. These results suggest that GCP is a precancerous or paracancerous lesion and it may be one step in the development of carcinoma. The underlying mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis might be confirmed if we investigate the gene mutations and environmental differences of documented GCP cases that are without previous surgery


representatives of a colonizing power may be classified into three explanatory categories. In the first, the least subtle, conflict is assumed to be inherent in col onial situations, especially those involving widespread European settlement. Indigenous violence is seen as invariably a reaction to the colonial presence, as indicative of wholesale rejection of European sovereignty and encroachment on lands and resources.1 The second category explores the relationships between 'resistance' and 'collaboration' at the local level and incorporates clear evidence that many islanders were either neutral or active allies of the colonial authorities in suppressing local opposition, or ignored non-violent attempts by some island leaders to evade colonial jurisdiction by promoting local initiatives and institutions.2 Peter Hempenstall stresses in the context of German Pacific colonies that violent conflict between colonized and colonizer was far from the


Tarc (2013) asserts that, "while larger discourses shape manifestations of IE, what the learner ultimately takes or does not take from his/her 'international education' is uncertain; the pedagogical dynamics of the international encounter or lessons are in need of much illumination" (p.15). This question frames my roundtable discussion on Pre-service teachers experiences in an international teacher education program, with data from my PhD graduate study at a Western Canadian university. The preliminary data analysis from this research using a qualitative case study approach will be used. I begin by discussing notions of integrative education (Zajonc and Palmer, 2015) and continue the analysis by drawing on Brene Brown (2010) work on vulnerability and courage.  Parker Palmer's (1997) notion of teaching who we are as well as Megan Boler (1999) exploration of discomfort will also be explored in depth. These scholars' research will be used to highlight themes of vulnerability, identity, discomfort and compassion reflected in pre-service teacher's perspectives of their time overseas that I discovered through my interviews with them.


Abstract The desiccation tolerance of Zizania palustris seeds has been debatable, but recently it has emerged that survival to low moisture contents is a function of the temperature during dehydration. Survival of dehydration is greatest at 25–30°C and viability declines as the dehydration temperature is reduced. On the other hand, extended hydrated chilling (stratification) is required to break dormancy. The present contribution examines the ultrastructural condition of embryonic axes of Zizania palustris after dehydration at various temperatures, and following reimbibition and stratification. Axis cells sustained least damage when dehydration was carried out at 25°C and ultrastructural deterioration was more severe with lower temperatures during water loss. Damage sustained as a result of unfavourably low dehydration temperatures was visible when seeds were fixed from the dry state and was generally exacerbated during fully imbibed stratification. However, 25°C represented the optimum dehydration temperature; seeds that had been dried at 30°C also showed considerable ultrastructural disturbance when fixed from the dry state. This was largely reversed during fully imbibed stratification, although signs of the damage that had been sustained still persisted. These observations are in keeping with the germination behaviour of Z. palustris seeds dehydrated at temperatures above and below 25°C. The results are discussed in terms of the predominance of one of two mechanisms of membrane deterioration, depending on the dehydration temperature, which are probably not mutually exclusive. It is hypothesized that, at temperatures above 25°C, damage by free-radical-mediated events may predominate, whereas, at temperatures below the optimum, irreversible lipid-phase transitions may be the major factor resulting in membrane damage.


Clinical Relevance This paper presents a comprehensive and systemic approach for determining the etiology of patients with xerostomia and the rapidly progressing potential systemic diseases that can result. Dentists must be reminded of their role in the early diagnosis and treatment of some systemic diseases, because the oral environment may show early symptoms that are relatively easy to detect.


A longitudinal epidemiological study of malaria was performed at Nikawehera, an established farming village in the intermediate rainfall zone of Sri Lanka. Observations were made over a period of eight months from October 1991 that included the north-east (NE) monsoon season and the earlypart of thebouth-west (SW) monsoon season. The incidence of malaria and clinical indices related to malaria at Nikawehera are reported here. Compared 'with obsemtions made at Nikawehera in the previous year, the present results suggest that malaria transmission is variable and that suitable intervention e.g. through effective insecticide spriying or malaria education, can reduce malaria incidence in such locations.


Esmolol, a short-acting beta1-receptor antagonist, decreases anesthetic requirements during propofol/N2 O/morphine anesthesia. This study was designed to determine whether esmolol affects the volatile anesthetic (isoflurane) required to prevent movement to skin incision in 50% patients (minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]) with or without an additional opioid (alfentanil). One hundred consenting adult patients were randomly divided into five treatment groups: isoflurane alone (I), I with continuous large-dose (250 [micro sign]g [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] min-1) esmolol (E), I with alfentanil (effect site target of 50 ng/mL) via a continuous computer-controlled infusion (A), A plus continuous small-dose (50 [micro sign]g [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] min-1) esmolol (A1), or A plus large-dose esmolol (A2). Anesthesia was induced via a face mask, and steady-state target end-tidal isoflurane concentrations were maintained before incision. The MAC of isoflurane alone was 1.28% +/- 0.13%. Large-dose esmolol did not significantly alter the isoflurane MAC (1.23% +/- 0.14%). Alfentanil alone significantly decreased isoflurane MAC by 25% (0.96% +/- 0.09%). Adding small-dose esmolol did not further decrease MAC with alfentanil (0.96% +/- 0.13%). However, large-dose esmolol significantly decreased isoflurane MAC with alfentanil (0.74% +/- 0.09%). Esmolol and alfentanil both significantly reduced the increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure associated with endotracheal intubation and incision. The mechanism of this effect is unknown. Implications: Most anesthetic techniques rely on a balance of several highly selective medications. The current results define a new anesthetic-sparing effect when volatile anesthetic, analgesic, and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are combined. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:671-6)


We implemented a frequency‐resolved optical gating (FROG) measurement method using cross‐phase modulation in a highly birefringent microstructure optical fiber. The standard FROG data reconstruction algorithm of generalized projection failed for this setup and we successfully used the genetic algorithm (GA) instead which is less prone to get stuck to local minima. GA has several parameters that must be set up to suitable values. We describe the experimental setup and the algorithm and present our findings on what GA parameters are crucial and what are their optimal values. A single run of the algorithm takes 7 min on contemporary CPUs, making the algorithm suitable for routine laboratory work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Human pose estimation is the basis of human action recognition, and it is the guarantee to realize human-computer interaction. Occlusion, interference, complex background and different human scales have great influence on single-human pose estimation. To obtain more semantic information and reduce the impact of different human scales, an improved SNHRNet deep learning network is proposed to achieve more accurate single-human pose estimation. The improved SNHRNet network is established based on the HRNet network. The optimized NHRNet network is obtained by cutting the low-resolution high-level features of the HRNet. Compared with HRNet, the parameters of the NHRNet network are reduced, but the attention mechanism is missing. On this basis, the SE module is integrated into the Basic residual module to make up for the lack of attention mechanism in NHRNet network, and the SNHRNet network model comes into being. Finally, the public dataset is used for single-human pose estimation experiment. The results of relevant experiment show that the proposed SNHRNet network is effective for single-human pose estimation.


One of the big questions concerning economic sanctions is why they so often fail. A widely accepted answer to this question argues that economic sanctions increase the political solidarity within the target nation because the targeted public rallies behind its leader in the face of external pressure (Johann Galtung, "On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, with Examples from the Case of Rhodesia," World Politics 19 [1967]: 378–416). David M. Rowe calls this explanation into question and shows that the unity behind the white regime in Rhodesia was politically constructed by the government and not a spontaneous rally effect generated by nationalism or racial unity.


In this month's EJD we highlight three studies of different methodologies which demonstrate important clinical applications to all dermatologists; the first is a highly relevant prospective cross-sectional study examining cardiovascular risk factors in psoriatic patients [1], the second is a large national questionnaire study reporting patient perspectives of treatment of chronic urticaria [2] and the third is a small case series highlighting the potential benefit of high resolution ultrasound as [...]


FIELD: multi-purpose lighters. SUBSTANCE: proposed lighter has body with handle, injector and fuel flask. Electric ignition unit is connected to first and second electric channels. First electric channel has first gap near outlet hole. Second electric channel may be located in working and non-working configuration. In working configuration, resistance of second electric channel is lesser than that of first electric channel; as a result, electric current generated by electric ignition unit runs selectively in second electric channel. In working configuration, resistance of second electric channel is more than that of first channel; as a result, electric current runs through first electric channel forming spark at first gap which ignites fuel fed from flask. EFFECT: avoidance of unwanted operation. 38 cl, 14 dwg


Step of receiving the grip (grip) information on the portable terminal is gripped state; On the basis of the grip type information, determining whether the function list display request condition; If it is determined by the function list display request condition, comprising: receiving a swipe (swipe) information; And based on the inputted swipe information, it displays a function list, and performing a function selected from the displayed list of features; discloses a method for selecting the executable function in a portable terminal including a.


The article discusses specific aspects of leadership of the first level manager (FLM) in workgroup together with issues of his development as a leader. Leaders work is more effective when their skills correspond with management level. Importance of leadership skills for the first level manager indicates that learned skills are the most important for effective leadership. Applying R. L. Katz (1955) three-skills approach a survey was made in two manufacturing companies on specific skills of the first level managers-leaders and formation of leadership competence through skills and dynamics of skills. It can be highlighted that comparison of discrepancies in evaluations of the first level manager's skills and dynamics of skills shows in what groups the first level managers are leaders, and in what they are not.


We study self-similar local regular Dirichlet, or energy, forms on a class of fractal N-gaskets, which are generalizations of polygaskets. This is directly related to self-similar diffusions and resistor networks (electrical circuits). We prove existence and uniqueness, and also obtain explicit formulas for scaling factors and resistances (transition probabilities). We also study asymptotic behavior of these quantiles as the number of "sides" N of an Ngasket tends to infinity.


The number of skate related injuries has seen a resurgence in the western world with almost 51000 patients in 1999 presenting to US hospitals with a skateboard related injury, almost 90% of these being male and almost 70% of these are orthopaedic related injuries. Protection , particularly wrist guards, elbow pads, knee pads and recognized helmets are all necessary in protecting the young child against orthopaedic injuries. However despite these physical barriers little training or supervision exists in adequately educating children as to the dangers of these devices. Having observed an increased number of referrals to our Accident and Emergency Dept with fractures sustained whilst roller-blading and skateboarding we set about prospectively evaluating the epidemiology and nature of such injuries. 100 successive referrals to the orthopaedic service as a result of roller/skate injuries were evaluated. Childs age, sex, time using apparatus, mechanism of injury, and whether the injury occurred in a dedicated skatepark or on the street was recorded. Whether the child was wearing any form of protective gear and what type was also recorded. The type of fracture and its treatment and follow up was evaluated. All results were recorded on standard excel spreadsheets and statistical analysis was performed using Instat statistics (Graphpad USA 2002). The Male to female ratio in street injuries was 1:1, whereas in ramp injuries 4:1. 60 injuries occurred on the street whereas 40 occurred whilst using the ramps. The mean age was 11.4yrs. The mean length of time using rollerblades/skateboards was 20 and 19 months for street and ramps respectively. The number of children wearing some form of protective gear shows only 20 children out of the 100 studied wore gear, of these 15 wore helmets only. The treatment initiated shows almost 80% of ramp related injuries required formal manipulation under general anaesthesia or open reduction and internal fixation, where as only 25% of street fractures required this form of treatment, The usage of ramps demonstrates an increased relative risk of 4.26 (95% CI 3.5–5.1) This study shows that skateboards and rollerblades still constitute a major component of childhood fracture admissions. Only 20% of children use some form of protective gear whilst skating, this needs to be addressed on a national level. The wearing of helmets whilst protecting the child against head injury do not prevent serious orthopaedic injuries. Wrist guards should be worn by all children skating as the fall onto outstretched hand still remains a childs defensive mechanism when thrown off balance. Almost 75% of all fractures involve the wrist or the forearm. We urge better education and a tighter supervision of children whilst skating. Dedicated skateparks should only be used by experienced and older children and they should at least be supervised during their first attempts at using the parks, 85% of ramp injuries occurred during first or second time users. A child using a skatepark particularily for the first time is three times more likely to sustain a fracture, and almost 4 and a half times more likely to require definitive surgical treatment of this fracture. This constitutes a huge orthopaedic burden as well as it's associated morbidity and financial costs to the health service. Children should be encouraged to use limb protectors as well as helmets whilst skating and should be supervised more closely during their initial attempts.


Biological levels of a tetrazolylchromone were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography without interference from natural physiological components and metabolic products.


Psychosocial clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide evidence-based recommendations regarding clinical care in oncology, ranging from screening for distress to identification and treatment of disorders such as depression and anxiety. This chapter describes the evolution of CPGs, frameworks for evaluation of quality, and strategies for dissemination and implementation. It also describes the challenges in implementation of CPGs including the quality of supporting psychosocial research, which is dominated by descriptive studies rather than interventions; insufficient cost-benefit research to leverage practice change; and lack of research to guide recommendations in low- and middle-income countries. Strategies to increase implementation include alignment of research with implementation science, embedding psychosocial care in national cancer plans, and focus on systems design and clinician engagement. The role of patients and caregivers as advocates for access to evidence-based psychosocial care is also discussed.


In the sardine fishery of the Gulf of California (1969– 2012), the annual catch declined to ~400,000 mt in 2010–12 (average: 129,000 mt), after three years of high harvest (average >532,000 mt • yr–1). The fishing intensity was relatively stable up to 1997, fishing 5,000 days per season, increasing in 2008 and 2009 to 15,000 and 28,700 days, respectively. Fishing trips increased steadily from 40 to 80 trips per vessel in the last five years. Total profits follow the same trend as the catch, ranging between $1–12 million in most seasons, with four peaks. In 12 years, the fishery produced more than 15 times the cost of fishing operations. Oceanographic conditions determine abundance levels, and significant correlations exist between population estimates and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index. Climate and fishing intensity are the main responsible forces; to ensure a stable fishing activity, we recommend that fishing effort should range between 4,000 and 6,000 fishing days per season. INTRODUCTION Depletion of the sardine fishery of the West Coast of North America has stimulated numerous studies trying to understand causes, such as climate change, overfishing, schooling behavior, or interaction with other pelagic species, particularly anchovy (Murphy 1966; Sokolov 1973; Sokolov and Wong 1973; MacCall 1979; Cisneros-Mata et al. 1995). In the Gulf of California (fig. 1), a large quantity of sardine was found in the late 1960s; its exploitation began in 1969 (fig. 2). The peak yield was reached in 2009, with a catch of over 580,000 metric tons (mt). This was followed by an abrupt decline, with a catch of about 88,000 mt in 2012. About 85% of the annual catch is used to produce fish meal, mostly for animal feeds (http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/ fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/gulf-of_ california-mexico-sardine; Feb. 2013). External forces affecting the sardine fishery are related to the demand for fish meal, where the aquaculture sector consumed Figure 1. The Gulf of California, showing the areas where the sardine stock is exploited. (Modified after Lanz et al. 2008). CHAVEZ: THE SARDINE FISHERY OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 54, 2013 2 were available was calculated as the mean proportion of the years 2006–08. This provided a catch data series through 2012. The number of vessels and nominal effort were available from the report by Nevarez et al. 2010 and similar data were estimated for 2009–12 by applying the same procedure for missing data. According to the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC 2013), each fishing trip lasts 1 to 2 days, so each fishing trip was multiplied by 1.5 to get an estimate of the number of fishing days in the fishing season (fig. 3). According to the MSC, each vessel has a crew of eight fishers, such that the number of vessels (25 m long) per year provided the total number of workers. With 15 years of catch data and the growth parameter values K, L, to of the von Bertalanffy growth model, length–weight parameter values (a, b), age of first catch (tc), and age of first maturity (tm) as biological variables, plus the sardine value at the dock, the fishing cost per boat-day, number of boats, and length (in days) of the fishing season (table 1), it was possible to determine other variables useful for a bio-economic assessment and diagnosis of the fishery with the FISMO simulation model (Chavez 2005): total number of days per fishing season, total profits, profits per boat and per worker, as well as the benefit/cost ratio. Estimates of the catchability coefficient q were based on the relationship F = qf, where F is the fishing mortality and f is the fishing effort in days. Most fisheries are now at the stage of full exploitation or overexploitation of the stocks, with fishing fleet capacity in excess (Greboval 2003; Munro and Clark 2003; Kirkley and Squires 2003). Under these conditions, fishing effort (f ) is no longer proportional to the stock size. For this reason, the estimation of F was deliberately made to avoid the use of f, as advised by the traditional meth20–25 million mt, from which 23% is used in aquaculture (Tacon et al. 2006). In northwestern Mexico, shrimp cultivation has had an exponential increase in the last few decades, currently producing >60,000 mt, which in turn, imposes a strong demand for fish meal. This leads to a perception that the fish meal supply is limited and the demand in increasing. This increases the fishing pressure on the sardine, greatly increasing the risk of overfishing (Herrick et al. 2006, 2009). Six other species and an undetermined mix of other stocks are part of the catch. The biomass of the bycatch exceeds 100,000 mt and is also used as fish meal (SAGARPA 2012). The highest sardine catch of the Gulf of California was almost comparable to the highest catch recorded off the California coast, amounting to 664,000 mt in 1936 and a biomass peak of 3.6 million mt in 1934 (Murphy 1966; MacCall 1979). This story seemed to be repeated one more time, now in the Gulf of California. For this reason, an updated assessment of the gulf sardine fishery was carried out, with the aim of examining the catch trend, since the origin of this fishery and other bioeconomic activities and climatic variables are possible factors responsible for variability and decline. Finally, some recommendations for sustainable exploitation are proposed.


In this paper, we propose a low cost motion capture system for personal computer-based immersive virtual environment (PIVE) system. Existing desktop virtual environment systems, which are generally less realistic than workstation-based immersive virtual environment (WIVE) systems, typically rely on general purpose input devices such as mouse and keyboard for interacting with a three-dimensional virtual environment. However, since the devices such as mouse and keyboard are machine-centered, these kinds of input devices don't suit immersive virtual environment. After developing PIVE systems by simplifying components in conventional immersive virtual environment systems, we propose here low cost devices for capturing human motion to express human behavior in the virtual environment. The system is composed of HMD, data glove, and sensor units, and gives the motion information of human which includes head motion, each finger's motion, arm motion, and legs motion. The proposed system offers expandability and compatibility in contrary to existing WIVE. We will show that the proposed low cost input device is implemented to the example in which user move around inside of and interact with virtual office reality wearing data glove and HMD


ABSTRACT The concept of 'emotional labour' has been suggested as a useful framework for studying the relationship between emotionally demanding work and well being of health-care staff. The framework distinguishes 'surface acting' from 'deep acting' and suggests a predominant reliance on surface acting as a risk for emotional exhaustion. The relationship between emotional demands and emotional exhaustion among staff members working in high secure forensic psychiatric care (n = 131) was studied using the framework of emotional labour. Surface acting was found to partly mediate the relationship between emotional demands and emotional exhaustion. Experiencing the relationship with the manager as supportive contributed negatively to the prediction of emotional exhaustion. Workplace support did not moderate the relationship between emotional labour and emotional exhaustion. Although staff members working on wards in the direct care of forensic psychiatric patients tend to use both deep and surface acting during their work, our study results also show that deep acting and surface acting are differently related to emotional exhaustion. The framework of emotional labour indeed showed to be a useful paradigm within this population. Therefore, suggestions are made to pay attention to emotional labour strategies in future research and practice.


To determine whether second‐trimester cervical length (CL) in women with a twin pregnancy is associated with the risk of emergency Cesarean section.


This paper analyses selection of material of diamond body. By changing formula of quenching medium to achieve the goal of controlling saw bit deformation, thus acquire best diamond body.


Based on the connotation of urbanization,we build the urban index system of Henan from the aspects of economy,demography,society,life and space.We collect information by means of desk research,sort the urbanization level of Henan using the method of factor analysis,classify the urbanization level of Henan using the method of cluster analysis,and analyze the development characteristics of each region.


Abstract Geophysics is enhanced if the value it adds to society, economic systems, and the environment is assessed, understood, and communicated. A clear value proposition can inspire new generations of scientists to pursue careers in geophysics and motivate current geophysicists to expand their activities and utilize their skills in ways that could enable their long-term employability or entrepreneurship. One way to position geophysics and geophysicists as value creators is to map geophysical applications and practices to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015. A Geophysical Sustainability Atlas was developed to illustrate how geophysics contributes to each of the SDGs and to provide examples of specific applications and collaboration strategies. The atlas aims to facilitate an understanding of the value geophysics brings toward achieving each SDG, providing geophysicists and stakeholders with a sense of being frontline contributors in the pursuit of these objectives and, at the same time, providing a visualization of current and future opportunities related to the sustainability of our world and our profession.


On-line solution of switching angles of Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) PWM inverter has been a subject of research since 70s. Recent research has suggested new on- line control techniques for microprocessor implementation of SHE PWM method such as regular sampled harmonic elimination, space vector techniques, Walsh function harmonic elimination. A method based on curve fitting has been proposed in this paper. The solution trajectories by Newton iteration method are approximately represented by using 7 th order polynomial. On-line computation of switching angle (α) is just evaluation of polynomial equation by substituting value of modulation index (m). The complete solutions for unipolar switching pattern to eliminate 3rd to 23rd harmonics in the VSI output using conventional technique and curve fitting technique has been given. The deviations of actual and approximate solutions are also presented along with corroborative experimental results on a 1ph, 230V, 5kVA IGBT based VSI controlled by TMS320LF2406, 16-bit fixed point DSP processor.


The emergence of fungal disease calls for the urgency of development of novel drug. In this study, we developed a novel pogostone analogue, DHA‐10 and investigated its preclinical pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion and protein binding rate in rats.


Under new conditions of unlimited access to information technology, the management of a manufacturing company will be changed to take advantage of new capabilities based on internet, intranet and computing and simulation technologies. A conceptual model of management system, applicable in small and medium size manufacturing companies (SMEs), has been developed. It integrates physical, information and knowledge value chains. Based on this concept, a managerial "dashboard" is proposed as a tool allowing a manager to access information from sources inside and outside the company, to check financial/economic conditions and to simulate alternative courses of actions. The tool operates as a hypertext system and includes modules representing the internal operations of company and its interfaces with suppliers and knowledge providers. It also includes a microworlds simulation module and a module of return-on-investment analysis.


Open innovation platforms (OIPs) have been described as a new generation of co-creation spaces that enable the different actors of the innovation ecosystem to interact with each other and to facilitate user-driven innovation. Here the utility of OIPs was scrutinised with two case study examples: one from South Korea and one from Finland. In the two cases, OIPs provide a problem-solving cooperative model that gives young innovators authority promoting their transformation from users into producers and co-creators of innovative products and services. Moreover, OIPs play a key role in the innovation ecosystem by facilitating collaboration, diversity and social sustainability. The two cases are, however, very different in terms of transferability. While the Korean OIP is motivated to maintain its long-term investments in one region but less inspired to relocate and spread its success model to other regions, the Finnish OIP has expanded internationally to several other countries.


Information communication technology ,constitute a media for as well as a new means which enhanced the filed of advertisement considerably in addition to that, It is an interactive form of communication which allows people dealing in commerce and industry to improve the sell of their products. Advertisement on the net represents the commercial basis of revenue of sponsors and of the contents and of the different means of research. it gives internet users accesses to sources of info and meant for free which is only possible thought his means .That is advertisement messages are today transmitted through internet in parallel with the traditional means communication. The right of advertisement, juridical arrangements and applicable legislation should cope with the change on economics, in life style, development in advertising techniques and new materials, like new information technologies and communication.


The crystal systems of the title complexes were found by X-ray diffraction to be tetragonal for the chloro complex and orthorhombic for the neutral complex. The lattice constants are a=b=11.1604 A and c=4.3748 A for [Cu(PIH)Cl(H 2 O)]Cl and a=10.0849 A, b=3.8950 A and c=3.4774 A for [Cu(PIH-2H)(H 2 O) 2 ]


This research explored the feature binding mechanism of the IAD students on attention and working memory levels. In experiment 1, ten undergraduates of both IAD and non-IAD groups were selected to complete the IC paradigm tasks. In experiment 2, fifteen undergraduates for each group participated in recognition tasks. The results showed that the feature binding ability of IAD group was remarkably damaged on attention level and only general working memory mechanism on working memory level. It revealed that the damage of feature binding mechanism was one of the important mechanisms of IAD phenomenon, but its senior psychological research was remained to be carried out.


Variations of the nonrecombining Y‐chromosomal region were investigated in 159 unrelated Baltic‐speaking ethnic Latvians from four different geographic regions, using 28 biallelic markers and 12 short tandem repeats. Eleven different haplogroups (hgs) were detected in a regionally homogeneous Latvian population, among which N1c, R1a, and I1 cover more than 85% of its paternal lineages. When compared its closest geographic neighbors, the composition of the Latvian Y‐chromosomal gene pool was found to be very similar to those of Lithuanians and Estonians. Despite the comparable frequency distribution of hg N1c in Latvians and Lithuanians with the Finno‐Ugric‐speaking populations from the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, the observed differences in allelic variances of N1c haplotypes between these two groups are in concordance with the previously stated hypothesis of different dispersal ways of this lineage in the region. More than a third of Latvian paternal lineages belong specifically to a recently defined R1a‐M558 hg, indicating an influence from a common source within Eastern Slavic populations on the formation of the present‐day Latvian Y‐chromosome gene pool.


Uncertainty in the ambient air and exhaust gas ammonia Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry(HJ 533-2009) test ammonia process influencing factors are analyzed, the main source are the standard solution,standard curve fitting,repeat samples determination,spectrophotometer,absorb the liquid volume and the collection of gas samples from gas standard volumetric.The measurement combined uncertainty is 0.042,the largest relative uncertainty components is the introduction of air sampler flowmeter(0.029).The determination results of ammonia in ambient air is 0.142±0.012 mg/m3,k=2(95% confidence level).