Mao Zedong has persistently stressed the important role of sci-tech in productive force in social development and reform.Since the founding of the RPC,he put forward that advanced technology should be adopted as much as possible,which resulted from the breaking conventions,in order to construct a socialist,modernized country.With the development of sci-tech,he advanced a series of practical ideas of sci-tech development,which have directed the development of sci-tech at present and will be great inspiration for the future development of sci-tech in China.


Larval-stage of the bot-fly Gasterophilus obtained from the stomach of Egyptian donkeys (stomach of the newly dead donkeys in Alexandria Governorate) were studied. Comparison of cuticular features, including spine distribution and shape, structure of maxillae and mandibles, cephalic sensillae and terminal abdominal segments of third instar of Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, Gasterophilus nasalis and Gasterophilus pecorum. This study also focused on clarifying the fundamental differences between the second and third instars of G. haemorrhoidalis using scanning electron microscopy. One or more features distinguished among the species for the first time in Egypt. Gasterophiline larvae are of veterinary and medical importance with some human creeping cutaneous myiasis, ophthalmomyiasis and one recent record of intestinal myiasis.


A high throughput Tea Polysaccharide(TPS), Tea polyphenols(TP) and Tea Caffeine(Caf)extraction method was developed from green tealeaves using Pulsed electric fields (PEF). The following combination of factors also gave maximum isolation of TPS: materials suspended in EDTA buffer (pH9.5) was treated for 2 μs pulse width at 25 kV/cm, and 2n=10, diluted time = 10× in bipolar mode. A maximum isolation of TP was achieved when materials suspended in EDTA buffer (pH9.5) treating for 2 μs,pulse width at 25 kV/cm, and 2n=12, diluted time = 10× in bipolar mode. As for Caf, materials suspended in EDTA buffer (pH4.0) was treated for 2 μs pulse width at 25 kV/cm, and 2n=10, diluted time = 10× in bipolar mode to give the best results. Finally, PEF processing of TPS, TP and Caf was 1.91,1.11 and 1.05 times more effective than untreated extraction, respectively.


Mengual, X. 2017. A new species of Valdiviomyia Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Argentina. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 119: 430–441 [publication date, 21 August 2017]. Thompson, F. C. and B. J. Thompson. 2017. Flower fly genus Valdiviomyia Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 153: 13–20 [publication date, 27 January 2017].


Increasing water use sustainability through promotion of on-farm sustainable water resources management (SWRM), in order to increase the quantity and quality of production has been the aim of the Ministry of Agriculture-Jihad of Iran in the past decade. Considerable investment and effort have been dedicated to this intent. Therefore, investigation of these efforts and the development of models to predict the adoption behavior of farmers are of considerable importance. A survey was conducted in Ahwaz township of Khuzestan provinces of Iran. A stratified random sample of 190 farmers were interviewed, 62 adopters and 128 non-adopters. The findings indicated that the discriminant model developed based on the multiplicity model is a better predictor of farmers' adoption behavior than the diffusion model, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Marcus' model, and farm structure model. The multiplicity model with the highest accuracy can be applied to classify the adoption behavior of farmers regarding on-farm SWRM.


This paper describes the ISpace retrieval system's involvement in TREC8. The main goal for this year's work was to speed up document indexing and query processing compared to previous years. This goal was achieved, but retrieval performance was not as good as for TREC7. System details for the AdHoc task, small Web task, and large Web (VLC) task are presented. The AdHoc task emphasized query expansion, while the large Web track emphasized rapid indexing and retrieval. The paper describes an implementation of a multidimensional tree structure for retrieval from information space based on the kd-tree. The larger setting for ISpace, the TeraScale Retrieval project, is summarized. A concluding section describes plans for ISpace. * School of Information and Library Science, Campus box 3360 Manning Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3360. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction Efforts for the 8 Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) included the following: 1. AdHoc task, fully automatic. 2. Small Web track 3. Large Web track (VLC) Throughout the work described here, the central question of interest is: How might information space techniques achieve high performance? The issue of performance is ambiguous, but was defined as emphasizing the following, in decreasing order of importance: a. Performance means being able to quickly produce a ranked response set for a query topic b. Performance means being able to handle the full variety of queries and documents – i.e., without limitations on the number of unique terms or number of documents c. Performance means the response set has a large proportion of relevant documents In this hierarchy, the goal of high relevance is uncharacteristically last, but not forgotten. Because post-hoc analysis of last year's non-judged TREC submissions (Newby, 1999) indicated reasonable recall-precision performance with exact precision of 0.14, the emphasis was on developing a more practical and usable system. While 0.14 is unremarkable compared to other groups' TREC submissions, it represented an order of magnitude improvement from prior years (Newby, 1998). A description of the information space technique, system design considerations for each phase of the work and outcomes follow. A concluding section summarizes this year's TREC activities and lays out plans for the near future.


An air conditioning unit having an inner wall configured to selectively adjust member removably fixed to the air unit. The air conditioning unit having an inner wall configured as a drain pan. Air conditioning unit having a connection to the inner wall of the sheath, insulation is provided between the inner and outer skin, the inner wall having a mounting groove, the mounting groove configured to selectively fixing the air conditioning unit is removable member.


Abstract Recently, the transnational migration of nurses from developing countries to developed countries has received heightened attention from policymakers, health-care practitioners, and the media. In this article, the 1990 and 2000 Census Public Use Micro Survey (PUMS) data files are used to address the issue of nurse migration. I examine changes in the number, location, wages, countries of origin, and other economic and demographic variables for foreign-born nurses and nurses' aides and US born nurses and nurses' aides over the time period 1990 to 2000. I find that foreign-born nurses and nurses' aides increasingly come from developing countries and, specifically, from Africa. This raises important ethical issues, as Africa faces a severe shortage of nurses in the context of the AIDS crisis. Foreign-born nurses are shown to have higher levels of education and higher levels of labor force attachment than US-born nurses.


Cadres, content and costs for community-based care for mothers and newborns from seven countries : implications for universal health coverage


In channel coded multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) wireless communication systems,MIMO signal detector should output log-likelihood ratio(LLR) of each coded bit so that better bit-error-rate performance can be obtained.Existing soft-output minimum mean square error(MMSE) MIMO detector is derived based on perfect channel estimation.In practical channel estimation,it inevitably suffers from performance degradation.In this paper,a novel MMSE MIMO detector is proposed with respect to MMSE MIMO channel estimation.This proposed detector takes channel estimation errors into account by the statistical characteristics of MMSE MIMO channel estimation.When compared with existing soft-output MMSE MIMO detector,simulation results show that the proposed novel detector can remarkably reduce the residual error floor due to the channel estimation errors,while achieving significant performance gain at the cost of negligible increase of complexity.Furthermore,it is observed from simulation results that the proposed detector is not sensitive to the inaccuracy of channel estimation error statistics.Therefore,it can be a promising candidate to be applied in practical systems.


Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics MnCO3-doped(K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta)O3 were prepared using traditional solid-state reaction method,and the piezoelectric properties were investigated.The dielectric and piezoelectric constants with different doping value were studied.The results indicated that the doping of Mn could decrease sintering temperature,and improve density the ceramic as well as piezoelectric properties.The ceramics doped with 0.2 wt% MnCO3 had the best piezoelectric properties.


This analysis is based on study of 45 of the largest oil-gas basins of the world by Vyshemirskiy and Kontorovich (1986), the Dnieper-Donets depression by Gavrish and others (1996), and the Odessa-Dzhankoy paleo-rift by Chekunov and others (1990). Four orders of cycles in oil-gas accumulation are recognezed: global or mega-cycles (54-100 m. y.), regional or epical cycles (25-42 m. y.), zonal or meso-cycles (7-13 m. y.), and local or rhythmical cycles (360-680 thousand years). In the peri-cratonal rift-sineklizal basins, including the Odessa-Dzhankoy, maximum intensity of oil-gas accumulation (up to 72 percent of world reserves or up to 1467 tons per year) has been in the Late Jurassic - Late Cretaceous planetary mega-cycle, which lasted 100 m. y. A medium rate of 400 tons per year (more than 12 percent of world reserves) is in the Eocene - Pliocene section, duration of which was about 54 m. y. Minimum intensity of oil accumulation at 263 tons per year (6 percent of world reserves) is associated with the Late Devonian - Early Carboniferous mega-cycle, which lasted more than 70 m. y. See figure 1. The intervals between these maximums exceeds two-thirds the length of the Phanerozoic. Regional cycles of 25-42 m. y. length are characteristic of the Early Carboniferous and Early Permian with an interval of 30 million years between the maximums in the Dnieper-Donets depression and other regions. See figure 2. Maximum oil-gas accumulation for the Early Carboniferous has been placed at 2483 million tons oil equivalent (17.4 BBOE), and


The prevention and treatment of infection in the transplant recipient remains an essential part of the clinical management of these patients. Indeed, the therapeutic prescription for transplant recipients has 2 components: an immunosuppressive regimen to prevent and treat rejection, and an antimicrobial program to make it safe (1). This approach permits the individualization of the regimen, with changes in the immunosuppression triggering changes in the antimicrobial strategy. The interaction of 4 factors determines the risk of infection: the presence of technical/anatomical abnormalities, recent and remote environmental exposures, the net state of immunosuppression, and the effects of Darwinian competition (2). In this issue ofTransplant Infectious Disease, the continuing importance of these factors is demonstrated by the reports of Kamath et al. (3) and Chen et al. (4). Anatomical and technical abnormalities clearly played a role in the pathogenesis of acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN) in the Kamath study (3). Despite appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (5, 6), 16.5% of 1022 renal allograft recipients at a single center developed AGPN.The authors identi¢ed the presence of ureteral stents, anatomic abnormalities that increase the risk of re£ux, and previous treatments for rejection as risk factors for APGN. In addition, increasing resistance of uropathogens to the TMP-SMX that was prescribed may explain the relatively high cumulative incidence of AGPN in this Indian cohort. Unfortunately, no data on the bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility were reported to explore this possibility. If so, an additional or alternative prophylaxis program is needed (e.g., addition of an oral £uorquinolone), especially for those with the technical/anatomic risk factors identi¢ed (while also maintainingTMP-SMX or an alternative prophylactic antimicrobial against Pneumocystis jiroveci) (7 ). In our experience, breakthrough AGPN occurs predominantly in a few specific situations: instrumentation of the urinary tract, problems with the ureteral anastomosis, the development of nephrolithiasis, or a poorly emptying bladder (as can be seen in diabetics with autonomic dysfunction who come to transplant or from prostatic hyperplasia). Technical misadventures related to the transplant procedure itself almost invariably lead to infection. The environmental exposures leading to infection have usually involved contamination of potable water or the air or food supply with such organisms as Legionella, Aspergillus, a variety of gram-negative bacilli, Listeria, or Cryptococcus. Indeed, transplant patients have been called 'sentinel chickens' (8) that, when placed in the hospital environment, develop infections due to excess traf¢cking of microbial pathogens in the environment to which they are exposed. An additional problem is person-to-person spread via healthcare personnel of azole-resistant Candida, multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, among other organisms. Recent experience has reemphasized the vulnerability of the transplant recipient to contaminated organs, which can lead to a whole variety of extreme diseases: human immunode¢ciency virus (HIV) infection, lymphocytic choriomeningitis (9), rabies (10), as well as the more common staphylococcal and gram-negative infections. An allograft is an extremely effective means of transmitting infection, which calls for an ever careful and systematic examination of a potential donor's environmental exposures. The net state of immunosuppression is determined not only by the effects of immunosuppressive drugs, but also by such factors as immunomodulatory viruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein^Barr virus, hepatitis viruses, Copyright & Blackwell Munksgaard 2006 Transplant Infectious Disease . ISSN 1398-2273


The present study was conducted to evaluvate the effect of Effective microorganisms (EM).The EM isolation is very important for agricultural fields. For this study used the different kinds of natural ingrediends such as banana, papaya, pumpkin, egg, cane molasses and neem powder to added and mixed and wait for the fermentation. After 45 days the samples were collected.The collected sample were identified using plating technique, microscopic studies and Biochemical test. The identified effective organism was Bacillus megaterium . These Effective organisms acting against the pathogen. The results concluded miximum zone of inhibition against the pathogen Such as E.coil (16mm), P.aeruginosa (18mm), K.pneumoniae (19mm), S.aureus (17mm), S.epidermis (16mm)


The purpose of the present paper is to clarify the effects of permeability and initial heterogeneity on the strain localization of fluid‐saturated cohesive soil modelled by a strain gradient‐dependent poro‐viscoplastic constitutive model. The effects of permeability and gradient parameters on the growth rate of the fluctuation were obtained by a linear instability analysis. Deformation behaviour of clay specimens modelled as a viscoplastic model with a second order strain gradient during shear was numerically analysed by a soil–water coupled FEM under both globally undrained and partially drained conditions. It was found that the deformation pattern and the stress–strain curve greatly depend on the permeability, the drainage conditions and the initial non‐homogeneous properties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Even though phosphorus (P) is essential element for plant growth and development, it is not enough for crop production in soil. To breed more P deficient tolerance rice, screening and selection in rice population is needed. We tried to develop more simple and rough screening method for breeding of P deficient tolerance rice. In P deficient condition, tiller number was dramatically decreased among yield components in rice. Though this result, we confirmed tiller number could be the best marker in screening of P deficient tolerance rice. 480 rice genetic resources were cultivated in rice bed tray filled with P deficient soil for four weeks and each dry weight was measured. Among them, the 55 kinds of genetic resource were selected then cultivated in paddy field with 3 fertilizer conditions. Plant dry weight and tiller number in ripening stage were shown significant difference according to P condition. Plant dry weight and tiller number in ripening stage was highly correlated especially in P deficient condition. Furthermore, the tiller number in ripening stage and plant dry weight in rough screening were shown high degree correlation. Though these results, we might expect measuring of plant dry weight after cultivation in rice bed tray filled with P deficient soil could be a simple and effective screening method in selection of P deficient tolerance rice.


Summary There is a current crisis in the mathematical education of scientists and technologists. The problem is partly due to the fact that the 'modern' mathematics syllabuses being taught in the schools do not provide a suitable foundation upon which traditional 'service' courses can be built. The demise of such traditional service courses is, however, to be welcomed since they constitute a prostitution of mathematics, which is not just a series of techniques and which, when so regarded, becomes robbed of all its significance, interest, and most of its value. A careful analysis of the process of mathematical modelling shows just how far the mathematical 'world' is removed from the complicated physical world of reality except in the simplest of cases. The crisis should be resolved, not simply by translating traditional material into modern notation (though this needs to be done), but by replacing service courses by integrated courses whose theme is mathematical modelling and which are prepared and taught ...


XLPE which is the insulator of the XLPE cable will be oxidized by heat. But, an accident caused by oxidized XLPE has hardly reported until now. Therefore, oxidization of XLPE hasn't been regard as important. But recently we found that XLPE cable used for a long time could break down due to the oxidization of XLPE by simulation result. So, we developed the service life estimation technique of oxidized XLPE cables used FT-IR.


Using the quinoline as the model compound for N-bearing organics, the kinetics of the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reaction was studied over the commercial NiW/Al2O3 catalyst RN-10 in a high-pressure trickle-bed reactor. The effect of reaction conditions on the catalytic behavior was studied at reaction temperatrue of 330 to 420℃, hydrogen pressure of 1.2~5.2 MPa, volume ratio of hydrogen/oil of 200~800, and weight hourly space velocity of 20~70h-1. The conversion and HDN rate of quinoline increase drastically with the increase of reaction temperature, and the hydrogen pressure also has a significant effect on HDN of quinoline. However, when the hydrogen pressure and volume ratio of hydrogen/oil are high enough, they exert little influence on the conversion of quinoline. Experimental data were fitted by an n-order (n1) kinetic model at various reaction conditions, and kinetic parameters of the model were calculated. The apparent activation energy of 180.4 kJ·mol-1 and the reaction order of 0.83 were achieved for this reaction. The experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated results of the model.


The need for containers for the irradiation of explosives became evident during the 1950's, but the specific requirement for the design and development of an explosive container that would contain relatively large amounts of explosives for irradiation in a nuclear reactor became mandatory in the NASA, Space Nuclear Propulsion Office-Cleveland NERVA program in 1962. At that time, AerojetGeneral Corporation and Picatinny Arsenal initiated a program to study the effect of radiation on explosives utilizing the General Electric Test Reactor at the Vallecitos Atomic Laboratory, Pleasanton, Calif. The problem was to design a capsule that would enable 80 grams of explosives to be irradiated safely in a nuclear reactor. The design of the container was intended to incorporate such safety features that any internal dynamic impulse resulting from an explosion would not unduly affect the immediate surroundings, i.e., the nuclear reactor. The scope of the study was divided into two experimental phases. The first phase involved the comprehensive study of a wide spectrum of cylindrical geometries and explosive charge weights. The cylinders were fabricated from steel, lead, and different alloys of aluminum, mounted vertically on a steel plate and topped with a steel plate held in place by 500 pounds of lead. The uncased, spherical explosive charge was placed at the center of the tube and detonated along the axis. Relationships between certain cylindrical parameters (length, diameter, thickness, and material) and the charge weights were determined and were used to predict the maximum explosive charge that would satisfy the containment criterion. This phase of the work was described by Mackenzie et a1.13 The second phase consisted of a testing program that led to the final capsule design based upon the conditions set forth by the reactor safety and engineering requirement. The following is a word picture of detonation as it occurs in an explosive containment capsule. Upon detonation of an explosive sphere in an aluminum casing the detonation front propagates through the charge with a velocity dependent on the explosive, in this case about 8,000 meters per second. The pressures behind the front are estimated to be of the order of 200 kilobars. In consequence, the solid explosive is transformed almost instantaneously into a gaseous fireball at a slightly larger volume with temperatures and pressures of the order of 3,0OO0C and 50,000 atmospheres.4 The fireball is confined by the spherical casing for a very short time (2 to 3 microseconds) until the casing in turn becomes vaporized. Two destructive forces are produced as a result of the tremendous energy that is


Retail business in Indonesia become an informal industry sector is high developing. From this phenomenon, some retailers in Indonesia try to package the products they sell with their own packaging and brands or private labels. The development of sales of private label products at Alfamidi Stores is still unsatisfactory and tends to stagnate. This study aims to determine the effect of brand awareness and brand loyalty on repurchase intentions and purchasing decisions. The design of this study is explanatory. The sampling technique in this study is on consumers who bought or consumed private label products in Alfamidi branches in Tangerang and filled out the questionnaire using the accidental sampling method but still fulfilled the specified criteria. The sampling technique is Quota Sampling with the amount determined by the researcher. Using Quota sampling, we get a sample of 100 customers. The method is Quantitative analysis with SEM analysis tools and Smart PLS tools.


Soybean is one of the main food crops in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Its production is ensured mainly by farmers who use seeds of various origins. However, yields obtained with this crop remain low because of seed-borne diseases that also affect the quality of the seeds.
Twenty – two batches of seeds collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo were analyzed. The average values of weight purity recorded ranged from 79 to 100 %, germination rates from 0 % to 86.6 % and seed weight from 71.1 to 152 g. Several phytopathogenic agents have been identified on both certified variety and landraces. The fungus Fusarium solani F.sp Glycine, Aspergillus sp, Rhizoctonia solani, Phomopsis longicola, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Glycine and Pseudomonas syringae pv Glycine have been identified.


Study of drying characteristics and kinetics of coal is necessary in order to optimize drying operation and design a dryer in industrial scale. Drying characteristics of Chinese lignite was investigated experimentally using thermogravimetric method, and the effect of drying variables on drying rate was systematically studied. For CFD modeling and scale-up purposes, it is useful to have an algebraic equation that describes the drying process of lignite. Therefore, different thin layer drying models given in the literature were employed to analyze coal drying kinetics under different conditions. During studying the consistency of all the models, statistical tests such as χ2, residual sum of squares (RSS), F-value, and the coefficient of determination R2 were employed. It was found that the Midilli–Kucuk model best describes the drying process within 99.9% accuracy. The effects of drying temperature and coal sample weight on the constants and coefficients of the selected model were also studied by multiple regression analysis. Apparent diffusion coefficient of moisture from sample was calculated using the experimental kinetics data. Higher drying temperatures and smaller sample weights resulted in higher diffusion coefficient, which was consistent with experimental data. Activation energy of moisture evaporation calculated from Arrhenius equation for drying process was 21.17 kJ/mol. The selected algebraic drying model can be used for CFD modeling during scale-up of drying facility for industrial applications. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Dear Sir, As medical teachers and mental health professionals, we read this study with great interest. Although many previous studies have already reported a high level of stress and psychological morbidities in medical students, to our knowledge, this is the first study to longitudinally explore the above issue to assess the effect of the time spent in the medical course on the mental health status of medical students. However, we opine that the following points should be considered while interpreting the results of this study.


PREFACE This edition of Antonio Vivaldi's Gloria (RV 589) was prepared from a vocal score edited by Clayton J. Westermann, originally published by Edwin F. Kalmus & Co. in 1968. Mr. Westermann's source was the Raccolta Renzo Giordano, Opere Sacre, Tome 1. ff 90-129r from the Biblioteca Nazionale in Turin. According to Mr. Westermann's preface, " The full score, orchestra parts and vocal score are faithfully represented as in Vivaldi's original notation. " Because of this, the 1968 vocal score is considered to be an " urtext " or scientific edition and has therefore been interpreted to be in the public domain in Canada by the copyright reviewers at the International Music Score Library Project (www.imslp.org). Accordingly, I have set out to create a crisp new imprint suitable for sharing and reproducing. Some changes to the piano reduction have been made for clarity or to better reflect the orchestral parts. Included in this edition is the oboe solo for " Domine Deus ". Items marked in brackets [ ] including trills, dynamics, and missing figured bass are editorial. Editorial slurs in " Laudamus te " are marked with a dotted line. Editorial marks are taken from several different print editions (including Mr. Westermann's) and recordings to represent common performance practice. A treble clef has been substituted for the original soprano, alto and tenor clefs. Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) set the Gloria text a number of times. A catalogue of his works lists three separate pieces, one of which is now lost. Vivaldi almost certainly composed this Gloria (and the others) for the girls at Ospedale della Pietà, a home for abandoned children in Venice in the early 18 th century. Rediscovered in late 1920's, this work has become the most popular of Vivaldi's vocal works and is part of the standard oratorio repertoire. The text for this piece comes from the ancient Christian hymn Gloria in excelsis Deo. The hymn begins with the angel's song from Luke 2:14 and is written in the style of psalmi idiotic (private psalms – songs written by individuals in imitation of those found in scripture). It has been sung at Masses since the second century, though its current format and translation into Latin was developed in the fourth century.


The invention relates to the field of chemical technology, in particular to a method for preparing a catalyst for hydrogenating dimethyl oxalate to prepare glycol. The method comprises the following steps: step one, copper nitrate is used to prepare a cuprammonium complex compound; step two, the cuprammonium complex compound is added with a mesoporous silica molecular sieve, is dripped with distilled water, and is filtered, washed, dried and roasted to prepare a catalyst precursor; and step three, the catalyst precursor is reduced in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere to prepare the catalyst. In the catalyst, according to mass percentage, the content of copper is between 5 and 40 percent; and the content of the mesoporous silica molecular sieve is between 60 and 95 percent. The method has the advantages that a silicon copper catalyst prepared through the new method has high catalytic activity and glycol selectivity in the reaction of hydrogenating the dimethyl oxalate to prepare the glycol, has long service life, smooth reaction performance and easy control.


HIV has been associated with QT prolongation and it is believed this is from drug interaction as well as HIV infection. In vitro studies have showed that protease inhibitors block potassium channel HERG, suggesting that these drugs can cause drug-induced QT prolongation. Few case-reports have showed that protease inhibitors can cause drug-induced bradycardia, but data is still limited.

 To describe the correlation between HIV infection and the duration of QT interval and to evaluate the effects that protease inhibitors-containing antiretroviral regime have on the duration of QT interval and cardiac frequency.

 A cross-sectional study was made. Participants were assigned to 3 groups: HIV positive with antiretroviral therapy which included protease inhibitors (HIV+ with treatment), treatment-naïve HIV positive and HIV negative. None of the participants had past medical history of cardiovascular disease or use of known QT prolonging medication. 12-lead ECG were made to all participants. QT interval and cardiac frequency were measured to be compared between the 3 groups and the results were analyzed by the statistical test ANOVA.

 A total of 213 participants were enrolled, 84 in the HIV+ with treatment, 45 in the HIV+ treatment-naïve, and 84 HIV-. 63% of the participants were males. The treatment-naïve HIV+ group only had 5 female participants. This study did not find a relation between HIV infection or protease inhibitor use and an increase in the duration of QT interval in males. For females, this study found an association between HIV infection and longer QT interval duration, as seen in the mean of each group: 442.8 ms for treatment-naïve HIV+ group, 422.42 ms for protease inhibitor HIV+ with treatment group and 420.34 ms HIV- group. It was found that the use of antiretroviral regime with protease inhibitor was associated with a decrease in cardiac frequency, as seen in each group's cardiac frequencies: HIV+ with treatment group: 63.34 bpm, treatment-naïve HIV positive: 79.77 bpm and control group: 69.3 bpm.

 We did not find correlation between HIV infection, the use of protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regime and QT interval prolongation in males, as opposed to females, where it was shown that QT interval duration is longer in the HIV+ treatment-naïve group. It was also observed that the use of protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regime was associated with a decrease in cardiac frequency.

 Type of funding source: None


The present paper describes the changes in the structural and optical properties of the sputter deposited iridium films annealed in air and slow cooled from 673K-1073K. Glancing Angle Xray Diffraction (GAXRD) and X-ray Reflectivity (XRR) measurements were used for the structural investigations of the films. GAXRD and X-ray reflectivity measurements showed growth of ~4nm IrO2 over-layer by annealing at 873K. Increased annealing temperatures lead to the formation of oxidation of the iridium under-layer, with the film comprising iridium-oxide (major) and iridium (minor) phases. Increased surface roughness associated with the films annealed at 873K and 1073K was attributed to the growth of a crystalline IrO2 layer. Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometric (VASE) measurements in the wavelength range 300-1200nm, are presented for the as deposited iridium films and film annealed in air at 1073K. Estimated thickness of as-deposited iridium metal film was consistent with XRR results. The ellipsometry data for the annealed film was modeled using Lorentz oscillator layer. The results indicated the presence of conducting layer of Iridium oxide. INRODUCTION


Demultiplexing system and method capable of a high accuracy is disclosed a small and no moving parts. Optionally, embodiments of the demultiplexing may include an optical filter cavity, which includes a filter baffle can be configured to minimize stray light signal detection and crosstalk support baffles. Also some embodiments demultiplexing assembly, U. V. The optical signal efficiently detected, may be configured to at least partially compensate for variations in the sensitivity of the detector depending on the wavelength of the optical signal.


Kidney cancer is a type of cancer that starts from a cell in kidney. In united states, 2.5% of the cancer deaths is caused by different types of kidney cancer. [3]. In this study, we search for the biomarkers in cancer patients that predict the survival of the patient. Here, we study three types of kindey cancers: a) kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) that is responsible for 80% of the kidney cancers, b) kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), and c) Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (KICH).


1.1 World Catch and Harvest 3 1.2 Variability of Aquatic Animals 5 1.3 Special Problems with Aquatic Animals 5 1.4 Benefi ts and Risks 6 1.5 Sampling 6 1.6 Analytical Methodologies 7 1.7 Analytical Problems 8 1.8 Trends and Outlook 9 References 10


Aim  To test the hypothesis that Caribbean Short‐faced bats descended from a single recent ancestor that originated in the continental Neotropics (Mexico, Central America and/or South America).


The determination of export intensity for a panel of 1623 UK firms from 1988 to 2001 was investigated. The results support most theories of export intensity, and in particular the role of firm size, product differentiation, governance and technological factors. By exploiting the heterogeneity of firm financial calendars a unique Sterling-Dollar exchange rate is calculated for each firm which is found to have a significant effect on export intensity.


The objectives of this research were: 1) To develop mathematics learning activities for the 21st century using problem-based learning in a professional learning community; 2) To enhance teachers' knowledge and understanding and provide tools for assessing and evaluating mathematics teaching and classroom learning activities for the 21st century; 3) To enhance parents' knowledge and understanding of how to organize mathematics teaching and classroom learning activities using problem-based learning for the 21st century; 4) To study the effects on students of organizing mathematics teaching and classroom learning activities using problem-based learning for the 21st century. This study was conducted using action research during the 2018 academic year. The target group included 1 teacher, 36 parents, and 36 students enrolled in primary 4 grade level. The research tools used were lesson plans that employed problem-based learning, end-cycle tests, a learning achievement test, an assessment form evaluating knowledge and understanding of problem-based learning, an interview form, and a satisfaction assessment form. The statistics used in the research were mean, percentage, and standard deviation.
          Research results can be summarized as follows:

1. The researcher synthesized steps / concepts outlined by 16 educators and researchers and subsequently formulated a learning management model using problem-based learning. The model comprised the following steps: 1) Identifying problems, 2) Aiming to understand, 3) Creating a plan for analysis, 4) Inquiry-based studying, 5) Scrutinizing information, 6) Confirming the results, and 7) Reflecting on the outcomes. The researcher then created 13 teaching plans along 3 operating cycles, creating learning activities according to the PLC process before proceeding with each cycle.
2. In terms of the effects of the learning management model using problem-based learning, the teacher showed excellent levels of gained knowledge and understanding of organizing mathematics teaching activities for the 21st century classroom, earning a 100 percent. Meanwhile, parents showed excellent levels of knowledge and understanding, earning a score of 81.80 percent.
3. The study found that students had a learning achievement of 79.52 percent, with end-of-cycle tests from all 3 action cycles averaging 81.44 percent. The final test results from the 1st action cycle averaged 76.67 percent, those from the 2nd action cycle averaged 81.11 percent, and those from the 3rd action cycle averaged 86.53 percent, showing that the scores increased with each cycle. Students reported satisfaction at the highest level, from most to least, in terms of gained knowledge and benefits, the teaching and learning format, their understanding of the content, and their teacher. The average overall satisfaction score was 4.62 from a full score of 5.


It is a primary political task for us to study and implement the spirit of the CPC's 17th National Congress.We must fully understand the vital significance of the 17th Congress,and start the upsurge of studying and implementing its spirit.We must comprehensively and accurately understand the spirit and essence,the theme,and the major theoretical views,the strategic thoughts and objectives,key strategic plans and major principles and policies.To study the spirit of the 17th Congress,we must grasp the whole text correctly,accurately,and systematically.We should grasp the key parts and give a deep research on the text.We must project the theme and comprehend it scientifically.Meanwhile,we should make the Party School fully work to publicize and implement the spirit of the 17th Congress.


Objective To explore the pathological characteristics, origin and differential diagnosis of the solitary fibrous tumor. Methods Three cases of solitary fibrous tumour were analyzed by histological observation and immunohistochemical staining of CD34, Vim, CD99, Bcl-2, Actin, Des, CD68, S100 and MG. Results Histologically, the tumor was composed of mildly cellular benign-appearing spindle-shaped cells and bands of hyalinized collagen in varying proportions from area to area, and a typical patternless architecture: the lesion showed a disorganized arrangement of spindle cells (presenting a storiform, fascicularor or spiral pattern in some areas) in a extensive collagenous background (dense hyalinized areas, presenting spoke or keloid-like pattern. ) and prominent vascular channels of varying size. Tumour cells were strongly immunoreactive to CD34, CD99, vimentin and Bcl-2, but negative to S100 protein, actin, desmin, DG and so on. Conclusion Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare and benign tumor, and can be diagnosed by histological and immunohistochemical findings.


Simple, accurate, and reproducible two UV-spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Olmesartan Medoxomil (OLME) and Metoprolol Succinate (METO) in tablet dosage form...


The existence of sovereign debt relies on the ability of creditors to impose costs on defaulting debtors. In their seminal contribution Eaton and Gersovitz (1981) began the modern literature on sovereign debt by assuming that creditors could not impose sanctions but could exclude debtor countries from international capital markets. This piece was followed by a large literature that attempted to weaken its assumptions. However, as a result of changes in the law as well as from the development of new legal strategies, during the last thirty years the possibilities for creditor actions against sovereigns have improved significantly. This survey reviews the evidence from recent litigation practice and discusses whether this requires a change in our understanding of sovereign debt markets. Our conclusion is that the original assumptions of Eaton and Gersovitz (1981) hold surprisingly well.


Time and Frequency Evolution of the Precursors in Dispersive Media and their Applications Reza Safian PhD Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Until now, few rigorous studies of the precursors in structures exhibiting superluminal group velocities have been performed. One dimensional photonic crystals (1DPC) and active Lorentzian media are among the ones which are able to exhibit superluminal propagation. In the first part of the thesis we have studied the evolution of the precursors in active Lorentzian media and 1DPC. The problem of the propagation of the precursors in active Lorentzian media is addressed, by employing the steepest descent method to provide a detailed description of the propagation of the pulse inside the dispersive medium in the time domain. The problem of the time and frequency evolution of the precursors in 1DPC is studied, using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques in conjunction with joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA). Our study clearly shows that the precursor fields associated with superluminal pulse propagation travel at subluminal speeds. It is also shown that FDTD analysis and JTFA can be combined to study the dynamic evolution of the transient and steady state pulse propagation in dispersive media. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the applications of the precursors. An interesting property of the precursors is their lower than exponential attenuation rate inside a


Lancet 2011; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60205-5 A phase III trial tested two dose regimens of phentermine plus topiramate against placebo as an addition to modification of lifestyle for weight loss and reduction of metabolic risk. Participants were 2487 overweight or obese people, aged 18-70 years, with a body mass index of 27-45 and two or more of the following comorbidities—high blood pressure, unfavourable lipids profile, diabetes or prediabetes, and abdominal obesity. Less than a third made it to the end of the trial at 56 weeks.


Evidence from carbonaceous chondrites points to refractory oxides in the system Ca0-Mg0-A1203-Ti02-Si02-Fe-0 as being among the earliest phases to condense from the solar nebula (see MacKinnon and Rietmeijer, Condensation Kinetics. . ., This Report). Conversely, in condensation-sublimation models of the chemical evolution of the early solar nebula, the refractory phases will be the last to evaporate. Calculations of the relative mineral stabilities rely on untested assumptions regarding speciation in the gas phase and, sometimes, on less than accurate thermodynamic data for relevant condensed phases (e.g., liquid as well as solid calcium aluminates). It is, therefore, necessary to establish the equilibrium relationships between the relevant crystalline and amorphous phases before the chemical constraints can be meaningfully applied to models of solar system history.


The effect of different counterions,including inorganic salt(KCl) and different organic salts,on the properties of solutions of potassium N-dodecanoyl glutamate(KLAD),potassium erucate(KEU) and their mixed system(KAU) was studied respectively,then three viscoelastic wormlike micelles systems were obtained,including KLAD/KCl,KEU/benzyltripropylammonium chloride(BTAC) and KAU/BTAC/KCl.The temperature(T) and shear resistance of the three systems were compared by viscosimetry method,and their sandcarrying performance and gel breaking property were also investigated.The results showed that the apparent viscosity(η_a) of systems of KLAD/KCl and KEU/BTAC were 19.2 mPa · s and37.7 mPa · s at 100 ℃,but the η_a of KAU/BTAC/KCl solution was up to 82.5 mPa · s.After shearing 60 min incessantly at 100 ℃,the η_a of solutions of KLAD/KCl and KEU/BTAC decreased to 14.0 mPa · s and 19.3 mPa · s respectively,however,the η_a of KAU/BTAC/KCl solution still maintained at 52.9 mPa · s.When the sand carrying ratio was 10%,the sedimentation rates of the seeds in the three systems were about 0.294 cm · min~(-1),0.113 cm ·min~(-1) and 0.067 cm · min~(-1) at 30 ℃,respectively.For all systems,the viscosity of the gel breaking liquid without residue decreased below 5 mPa · s within 2 hours.The better temperature and shear resistance of KAU/BTAC/KCl system indicated that BTAC and KCl produced a synergistic effect on the wormlike micelles with high viscosity.


We have investigated the static, charge-trapping properties of a hybrid superconductor–normal metal electron turnstile embedded in a highohmic environment. The device includes a local Cr resistor on one side of the turnstile, and a superconducting trapping island on the other side. The electron hold times, τ ∼ 2–20 s, in our two-junction circuit are comparable with those of typical multi-junction, N > 4, normal-metal single-electron tunneling devices. A semi-phenomenological model of the environmental activation of tunneling is applied for the analysis of the switching statistics. The experimental results are promising for electrical metrology applications. 4 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. New Journal of Physics 13 (2011) 01304


Based on a brief description of the basic principle of the side scan sonar (SSS) system, this paper recounts in detail the achievements made by the SSS in such engineering fields of Hong Kong as submarine landform studies, fill-in-the-sea engineering monitoring, archaeological investigation and submarine artificial culture area planning. With some typical examples, the paper also deals with some techniques related to this method such as engineering design, data acquisition, data processing and data interpretation.


Fault prediction in software system is a key process in reliability prediction during the software testing phase.Using the forward and current correlative information of faults during the testing process to predict the fault information in afterward testing phase, it can contribute to guide the test and rationally allocate the testing resource. The fault time series known in the forward software testing process is used to model the fault predictive models by means of Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process(NHPP), neural networks(NN), neural network ensembles, et al. By modeling three different examples with the mean relative error of 3.02%, 5.88% and 6.58% in G-O model while 0.19%, 1.88% and 1.455% in neural network ensemble model, the result shows that neural network ensemble model has more predictive ability.


This chapter explores what it means for a nurse to advocate for a patient with serious illness. Six integrated components constitute a conceptual model of palliative nursing advocacy. A case study is used to illustrate seven functional elements embedded in the model. The focus is on relational care that empowers patients and their loved ones, highlighting advocacy as an approach to care rather than a set of tasks discrete from, or in addition to, good nursing care. Palliative nursing advocacy fully engages the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual orientation that is the hallmark of nursing education and practice. This enables nurse advocates to use a full spectrum of skills and knowledge to partner with patients, families, and care team members, identifying common ground and building upon areas of agreement to deliver care driven by patient values and preferences. Common pitfalls and challenges that nurses may encounter as advocates are reviewed.


This paper introduces the application of S7214 PLC in online gas detection system It mainly discusses the method of sampling data by highspeed counter of PLC


Similar to algebraic decoding schemes, the (23, 12, 7) Golay code can be decoded by applying the step-by-step decoding algorithm. In this work, a modified step-by-step algorithm for decoding the Golay code is presented. Logical analysis yielded a simple rule for directly determining whether a bit in the received word is correct. The computational complexity can be reduced significantly using this scheme.


A low-profile single-feed circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna using metasurface is proposed for broadband operation. The antenna is comprised of a truncated corner square patch sandwiched between a lattice of 4 × 4 periodic metal plates and the ground plane. Surface waves propagating on the metasurface are excited in the proposed structure. This phenomenon generates additional resonances and minimum axial ratio (AR) points for the radiating structure, consequently broadening the impedance-matching and AR bandwidths of the antenna. The final prototype, with an overall size of 32 mm × 32 mm × 3 mm (0.58λo × 0.58λo × 0.056λo at 5.5 GHz), was fabricated and tested. The measurements resulted in a IS11I<;-10 dB bandwidth of 4.70-7.48 GHz (45.6%) and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 4.9-6.2 GHz (23.4%). In addition, the antenna yielded a good broadside left-hand CP radiation with a small gain variation (7.0-7.6 dBic) and a high radiation efficiency (>90%) within the operational bandwidth.


Air sampling experiments were done in 1985, 1987, and 1993 at the human-exposure chamber facilities of the US EPA Health Effects Research Laboratory in Chapel Hill, NC. Measurements of VOCs by GC-FID and aldehyde measurements by the DNPH silica gel cartridge method were made, comparing levels at the outside air intake to levels in the human controlled-exposure chamber. Ambient air passed through activated-charcoal filters can contain varying residual amounts of water vapor and gaseous pollutants such as hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and other organic and inorganic species. When the charcoal-filtered air stream is exposed to high-intensity radiation to generate ozone for use in human controlled-exposure experiments, there may be formation of compounds other than ozone. In this study, filtration appeared inefficient in removing hydrocarbons; and with ozonation of the airstream, carbonyl compounds increased.


The primary coolant of High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) is expected to contain impurities that can make corrosion to structural metallic materials at elevated temperatures. According to the chemical thermodynamics and kinetics, the carbon activity of helium can be calculated, and it is indicated that a high "CH4/H2O" ratio may lead to severe carburizing of the alloys. On this basis, corrosion tests were conducted on the three heat-resistance alloys Inconel 617, Hastelloy X, and Incoloy 800H at 950°C using helium environment with impurities, and mainly the effect of carburization was investigated. The corrosion samples were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS), Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA), and Carbon-sulfur Analyzer. These all alloys showed the oxidation and carburizing behavior, in which the carburized depth of Hastelloy X was shallow due to the dense oxide scale.


Foursquare is a location-based social network (LBSN) that combines gaming elements with features conventionally associated with social networking sites (SNSs). Following two qualitative studies, this article sets out to explore what impact this overlaying of physical environments with play has on everyday life and experiences of space and place. Drawing on early understandings of play, alongside the flâneur and 'phoneur' as respective methods for conceptualizing play in the context of mobility and urbanity, this article examines whether the suggested division between play and ordinary life is challenged by Foursquare, and if so, how this reframing of play is experienced. Second, this article investigates what effect this LBSN has on mobility choices and spatial relationships. Finally, the novel concept of the 'phoneur' is posited as a way of understanding how pervasive play through LBSNs acts as a mediating influence on the experience of space and place.


In the power supply composed of a driver circuit generating the carrier, a resonance circuit driven by the carrier and a rectification circuit generating the dc. voltage by rectifying the amplitude-modulated carrier supplied by the resonance circuit and stabilizing the output voltage by the feeding back the voltage error between the output voltage and a reference voltage externally supplied to set up the output voltage, to the frequency and the amplitude of the carrier, the frequency response of the dc. power supply is improved both by providing the pole located at the origin with a transfer function where the dc. voltage, generated by rectifying and smoothing the output of the resonance circuit, is fed back to the frequency of the carrier and by not providing the pole at the origin with a transfer function where the dc. voltage is fed back to the amplitude of the carrier.


Prognostic implications of mucosal remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remain unclear. Remodeling of respiratory mucosa in asthma is associated with greater medication use and decreased function. This study investigates the implications of mucosal remodeling on long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with CRS.


1.1 Background As public concerns increase over global warming caused by the burning of fossil fuels, natural gas is gaining a lot of attention for the lowest emission of carbon dioxide among the fossil fuels. Thus, governments implementing national or regional plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may encourage its use to displace other fossil fuels. According to the Energy Information Administration, the worldwide natural gas consumption in 2030 will increase by about one and a half times as much as in 2006 (EIA, 2009), so that the number and frequency of seaborne transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) are expected to increase significantly around the world. In fact, there are a lot of projects to build new receiving terminals in the United States. Also, natural gas consumption is expected to rise rapidly in China and India. With such a growing global demand, recent LNG carriers (LNGCs) become larger up to a 266,000 m3 cargo capacity, which are referred to as Q-Max vessels. Due to the above change in the situation, there has recently been considerable interest concerning possible risks involved in the LNG carrier operations, though seaborne transportation of LNG has been conducted with a very good safety record since 1959. Hence, public authorities have raised their awareness of concern about the possibility of large-scale LNG spill hazards caused by accidental events or intentional attacks. As a result, a number of consequence analyses have been carried out in recent years in order to propose models and approaches or to assess hazards resulting from an unconfined LNG spill over water (Luketa-Hanlin, 2006). However, these studies showed a broad range of results due to their differences in models, approaches and assumptions, since the physics involved in such LNG spills and related phenomena is very complicated. In addition, because of the lack of experimental data for a large-scale LNG spill and subsequent combustion and/or dispersion events, there are many theoretical and experimental gaps related to understanding of the dynamics and limitations in predicting the associated hazards. Therefore, consequence assessment methods based on a combination of theoretical formulations and empirical relationships derived from laboratory and small-scale field experiments are the only practical measure to predict the hazards associated with large-scale LNG spills on water. 23


Significance We demonstrate the highest-resolution MR images ever obtained of the mouse brain. The diffusion tensor images (DTI) @ 15 μm spatial resolution are 1,000 times the resolution of most preclinical rodent DTI/MRI. Superresolution track density images are 27,000 times that of typical preclinical DTI/MRI. High angular resolution yielded the most detailed MR connectivity maps ever generated. High-performance computing pipelines merged the DTI with light sheet microscopy of the same specimen, providing a comprehensive picture of cells and circuits. The methods have been used to demonstrate how strain differences result in differential changes in connectivity with age. We believe the methods will have broad applicability in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.


Despite the tense geopolitical situation in interwar Eastern Europe, Ukrainian litterateurs at first elided the physical and ideological boundaries guarded by state authorities on either side of the Polish-Soviet border. Cultural leaders on the far right and far left, separated by a chasm of fear and loathing, nevertheless read and responded to one another's works. In some cases, representatives of the two sides shared common influences, beliefs, and aesthetic ideals, and even took the risk of signalling their admiration for the theories and creative accomplishments of sworn enemies in the opposing camp, favourably invoking "foreigners" to serve opposing agendas. Amid the relative openness, fluidity, and experimentalism that characterised the first (i.e. pre-Stalinist) half of the interwar period in Ukraine, few regarded nationalism and socialism, or even Bolshevism, as mutually exclusive concepts. Rather, there were synergies and points of contact between the two. Examining the public interaction of the Communist writer Mykola Khvyl'ovyy (1893–1933) and the nationalist literary critic Dmytro Dontsov (1883–1973), I argue that the Ukrainian cultural and political ferment of the 1920s was transgressive in two senses. Firstly, it cut across the political boundaries of party membership and citizenship that divided Ukrainians into Soviet and non-Soviet, socialist and nationalist. Secondly, it defied expectations of ideological purity and loyalty at a time of growing but not yet insurmountable hostility. The result was a symbiosis of right and left-wing agitation, in both Soviet Ukraine and south-eastern Poland, for a revolutionary, anticolonial, and modernist Ukrainian literature.


Objective To investigate the relationship of intracellular Ca2+,Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and cell apoptosis in epilepsy.Methods Rat epilepsy models were established using pentylenetetrazol.Intracellular Ca2+ and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry and NOS was measured by chromatometry.Results The levels of intracellular Ca2+ raised rapidly,and peaked at 1 h after epileipsy.The levels of NOS had two secretion peaks on the 1st and 24th h after epilepsy.Cell apoptosis began to increase on the 6th h and reached peak level on the 24th h after epilepsy.All changes above were significantly defferent from those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Intracellular Ca2+ and NOS may induce cell apoptosis after epilepsy.


This article reviews Driver's monograph, Queer Girls and Popular Culture: Reading, Resisting, and Creating Media, reporting on queer girls' active engagement with television characters, films, lesbian magazines, online communities, and music. She explores the consequences of their engagements with these media on their lives and their understandings of popular culture and themselves.


On 29 and 30 May, 1992, the University of Chicago Humanities Institute sponsored a conference devoted to discus405 sion of the study of music. The theme was designed to fit with that of the University's centennial celebration, "Disciplining Knowledge," and explored many of the issues raised in the book Disciplining Music, recently published by The University of Chicago Press. This event was another in a series of discussions looking critically at the study of music, begun in 1986 at Cornell University, and continued at the 1987 AMS convention. In their Preface to Disciplining Music, editors Philip V. Bohlman and Katherine Bergeron described how conversations begun in 1986 had proliferated around the topic of "disciplining" music, leading to the publication of the book. As this most recent conference demonstrated, conversations are still proliferating. Indeed, the wealth of ideas and issues that were raised during the two days of discussion was so rich that I shall only be able to cover the central topics in this report. The Chicago conference brought together scholars from various disciplines concerned with the study of music: the panels included representatives from historical musicology, music theory, ethnomusicology, anthropology, and philosophy. The inclusion of scholars from outside "musicology" proper returned the discussion to its broadly interdisciplinary context. Further, the presence of a significant number of scholars with international affiliations in the panels and in the audience extended the viewpoint of the recent discussions beyond the purview of American musicology.


Fostering the talents who should have innovative spirit and innovative ability is the important task for education. So we should break through the creating psychological obstacles,establish new type teacher——— student relationship,set up fine teaching environment ,adopt opening teaching tactics and apply various evaluat- ing methods.


H-type tracheoesophageal fistula is a rare congenital condition. Its rarity and concurrent problems, such as respiratory distress, may delay its detection. We report delay in the diagnosis in a preterm small-for-gestational-age baby who showed symptoms of apnea and recurrent pneumonia, even when she was being fed by orogastric tube.


This paper presents an original approach to simply and efficiently estimate the center of mass position of a free-floating base system, like a humanoid robot or a human body. This approach relies on the theory of complementary filtering, which is a popular technique in aerial robotics, but rarely implemented in humanoid robotics. The main idea consists in merging input measurements like the zero-moment point position, the contact forces, etc. which are then filtered according to their reliability in their respective spectral bandwidth. We validate this approach in simulation by (i) comparing the estimated center of mass trajectory with its real value and (ii) showing that the complementary filter offers on average a least reconstruction error than the classic Kalman filter.


We report here a series of works1–5 devoted to the modelling of the liquid phase for quantum chemistry calculations. The question under consideration is the computation of the electrostatic interaction between charge densities in the presence of a continuum dielectric medium. It consists of solving an elliptic problem of the form -div(∊(x) ∇ V)=ρ where the field ∊(x) exhibits a discontinuity on a closed surface. We show how an enhanced use of integral equations methods has recently led to significant progress in this field: reduction of the computational cost in the standard cases, extension of existing methods to sophisticated cases out of reach so far, development of new possibilities. This work has a wide range of applications in chemistry and biology.


Om Prakash Valmiki and Arundhati Roy both have dealt with the theme of casteism with subtle insight and discussed the problem from various standpoints. Valmiki himself has been a victim of the obnoxious stigma thought his life from his village Barla in Uttrakhand where he received his primary and high education to various parts of India. Later he discovered that there was no solution of the evil system. It is a tale of unspeakable miseries that the hard working low castes have to undergo. For him it is not a tale heard from someone else but a direct first hand experience. Arundhati Roy has written a single novel "The God of Small Things". The novel is a tale of suffering and broken hearts. The novel depicts the story of a family of Ayemenem in Kerala. Various themes like child abuse, corrupt state machinery, dirty politics, domestic violence and a general sense of loss pervades the novel. However the key issue here too is casteism. The low caste Velutha is an able and efficient carpenter. All his proficiency, talent and being a Christian could not redeem him. He is mercilessly tortured and murdered by the police for loving Ammu a high caste woman who has divorced her husband.


This paper discusses the objects selection of digitizing construction of sports document information resources in terms of subject contents,document category,linguistic type,time scope,carrier form,and product patterns.In addition,the paper explores the working model and sports intellectual property construction.


Background Although chronic low-grade inflammation has been linked to the development of erectile dysfunction (ED), the association between pro-inflammatory diets and ED is unclear. The dietary inflammation index (DII) is a novel method to quantify the inflammatory potential of a diet. Objective Our objective was to investigate the association between the DII and ED among US males. Design This cross-sectional study included 3,693 males 20–85 year of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2004. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the DII and ED. All analyses accounted for the complex sampling design. Results The mean ± SE of the DII was 0.8 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 among participants with and without ED, respectively. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, physical activity, drinking status, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, BMI, and eGFR, the DII score was associated with ED (odds ratio 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04–1.19). Moreover, this association was also stable in our subgroup analysis or sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Dietary inflammatory potential, as estimated by the DII score, is positively associated with ED among US males.


Distance education, which is thought to become more widespread in the near future, has become important with the COVID-19 pandemic. Distance education has been used as an important method for the continuity of education and training in this process where it is not possible to continue face-to-face education. Due to the sudden transition to distance education, it has been a matter of curiosity how this process has been realized and what effects it has had (Karahan at al.,2020, p.1). This study was conducted to determine the effects of the distance education process put into practice during the pandemic process on students based on teachers' opinions. The sample consisted of 70 teachers who were working in different branches and different regions in Turkey in the academic year of 2020-2021. In the study, a questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. As a result of the research, it was found that distance education had both positive and negative effects on students, students were affected negatively in terms of social and emotional development aspects, and screen addiction problems may be encountered because they cannot socialize. Again, it was concluded that distance education negatively affects disadvantaged students and may reduce their academic success, and parent involvement in the process has both positive and negative effects. Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, Distance Education, Student, Teacher


Cement mortar mixture consists of different materials as the content. The materials which make up this mixture and the selection of this mixture have a vital proposition for the constructions in which this mixture is used. In this selection process, it is very complicated to decide which one material and how to use in the selection. Fuzzy decision-making theory is a very useful algorithm that can be used in such decision-making problems. In this study, it was preferred to use the fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to find the best cement mortar mixture. For this purpose, the optimum sorting was done for 40 alternatives using five criteria to determine the best cement mortar mixture. These five criteria used are; The age of the samples (days), fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), compressive strength (MPa) and ration of FA+SF mixtures. As a result, this study show that is possible to have multiple decision makers participate in the decision with different weights.


VAN ROOYEN, KARINA, M.ECON (INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY), UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH. THE ROLE OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF DESIRED EMPLOYEE OUTCOMES STUDY LEADER: PROF. A.S. ENGELBRECHT, M.COMM, Ph.D. (Stell.) Over the past decade we have seen an emerging consensus on the importance of performance management as the mechanism to improve the contribution of individual employees to the overall success of the organisation. The predicament, however, is that performance management efforts often appear to be perceived to lack relevance, to constitute a waste of time or perceived to be faddism. To address possible scepticism and the need for greater prioritisation, answers must be found on the extent to which performance management enhance those attitudes and employee responses that underpin work performance. The main purpose of this research study was to empirically examine the relationship between performance management practices (i.e. providing employees with context, focus, resources, development, monitoring/feedback, and consequences) and the achievement of specific desired employee outcomes (i.e. employee job satisfaction, intention to quit, perception of fairness, organisational commitment, employee empowerment, and team cohesion). For the purpose of this study a theoretical model (Shirley, 2005) depicting the relationship between performance management practices and desired employee outcomes has been empirically tested. The sample (n = 1016) consisted of employees working in the financial services sector in South Africa. The data was acquired through the High Performance Practices Survey (Shirley, 2004), which measured employee perceptions regarding the extent to which the performance management practices were implemented within their operational unit; and the extent to which they experienced the above mentioned attitudes or responses. The results of the reliability analyses revealed Cronbach's alpha values ranging between 0.68 and 0.93 on nine sub-scales. After being subjected to exploratory factor analysis which was conducted by means of the Principal Component extraction method, five of the sub-scales satisfied the uni-dimensionality test whilst the remaining four presented a clear, relatively easy interpretable two-factor orthogonal factor structure. Despite certain shortcomings, the


We studied the magnetoresistivity of the $A{M}_{2}$B${}_{2}$ and ${A}_{3}$Rh${}_{8}$B${}_{6}$ ($A$ $=$ Ca, Sr; $M$ $=$ Rh, Ir) compounds within the ranges $1.8\ensuremath{\leqslant}T\ensuremath{\leqslant}$300 K and $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}H\ensuremath{\leqslant}$50 kOe. The zero-field resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\text{0}}(T)$ is metallic and follows closely the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen description. A positive, nonsaturating, and dominantly linear-in-$H$ magnetoresistivity was observed in all samples, including the ones with a superconducting ground state. Such $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\text{T}}(H)/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\text{T}}(0)$, reaching 1200% in favorable cases, was found to be much stronger for the $A{M}_{2}$B${}_{2}$ compounds and to decrease with temperature as well as when Ca is replaced by Sr, or Rh is replaced by Ir. Finally, the general features of the observed magnetoresistivity will be discussed in terms of the Abrikosov model for the linear magnetoresistivity in inhomogeneous materials.


ABSTRACT The arts animate learning because they are inherently experiential and because of their potential to develop creative and critical thinking skills in students. These same skills are valued in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education, but the arts have not been consistently included in STEM lessons. We transformed our STEM programming into STEAM programming (STEM plus arts) by creating an innovative partnership between two informal learning environments, the Braithwaite Fine Arts Gallery and the Garth and Jerri Frehner Museum of Natural History at Southern Utah University. The partnership resulted in a STEAM learning program that integrated art and science for K-12 students. We incorporated an art exhibition, a hands-on lesson in art, and an immersive lesson in science that culminated in a student project that merged concepts from both art and science. Through programs each fall from 2012 through 2014, we helped over 6,000 students from southern Utah use concepts from art to deepen their understanding of caterpillar defenses, fish ecomorphology, and pollinator biology.


Objective: Sapindus is a genus of Sapindaceae family comprises three major species: The American spices, Sapindus saponaria and two Asian species, Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus trifoliatus and are well known for their folk medicinal values. Several important studies have been published in the intervening years, which have prompted us to reassess Sapindus. In the current review, we provide a comprehensive over view on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of the species of Sapindus. Methods: A literature survey was performed by searching the scientific data bases Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus and Web of Science, in addition to traditional Indian medicine and Ayurvedic texts for information on Sapindus. Results: Plants of the genus Sapindus have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of ulcers, external wounds, inflammation, epilepsy, dental caries, arthritis, joint pain, gout and rheumatism. Phytochemical studies of this genus have identified more than 103 compounds. Of these compounds, triterpenoidal saponins of oleanane, dammarane and tirucullane are regarded as the active group that is most likely to be responsible for the observed biological activities. The crude extracts, as well as the isolated compounds, from the genus possess antimicrobial, anticancer, spermicidal, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-migraine, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcerogenic and analgesic properties. Conclusion: It is evident from the available literature that Sapindus species possess potential for use as a beneficial therapeutic remedy. Nevertheless, there is clearly a need for further studies focusing on in-vivo with emphasis on molecular mechanisms and eventually clinical trials.


Transverse cracks (squats) occurring in rail heads are usually managed by ultrasonic detection from the rail top surface using an angle probe or by ultrasonic transmission detection where probes are placed on the gauge face and field face of the rail head. However, when there are defects such as large horizontal cracks or head checks on or under the rail surface, or when there is some deformation of the rail head due to wear and the like, those interfere with ultrasonic waves, resulting in insufficient defect detection. At the same time, to find internal defects that develop in a certain length of rail, it is also desirable in terms of improving detection efficiency to continuously detect such defects while moving in the direction longitudinal to the rails. In light of that situation, the authors have developed a new defect detecting device. The developed new device can continuously detect transverse cracks regardless of the rail head condition by using phased array technology where two probes send and receive ultrasonic waves at the upper fishing surfaces (underside of the rail head).


The aim of the article – elucidation of the essence of social justice and its manifestations as a phenomenon with characteristic features against the back- ground of innovations in production technologies, which explains the patterns of transformation processes, identifying the relationship between the industrial revolution and social justice, justification of place and importance for economic policy.
The methodology of the survey. The following methods were used in the re- search: unity of logical and historical approaches, combination of abstract and concrete (to reveal the relationship between technology and economic development), historical method (to assess the patterns of economic and social processes), expert evaluation (to determine the mechanism of overcoming contradictions between economic efficiency and social justice).
The scientific novelty. The results obtained in the research process together describe the impact of the new economic system not only on economic relations and international relations, but also on the social life of citizens, their transforma- tion and the level of preparation for social change.
After analyzing the scientific achievements of experts and researchers, we identified the advantages of transformation processes, their disadvantages, which affect social justice. Also, mechanisms have been established to overcome the prob- lems that arise at the time of technology implementation and found a balance between economically-effective results and social justice which must be ensured in all parts of the world.
Conclusion. The fourth industrial revolution entails a radical change in the usual patterns of behavior in enterprises. Its aim is robotization and digitiza- tion of all spheres of life, complete transformation of human resources. The combination of intellectual resources together with the latest technologies sig- nificantly affects the quality of living standards and the development of the social sphere.
The combination of economic efficiency and equity associated with the contra- dictions that exist in the field of distribution, inefficiency of institutional and organizational mechanism for regulating distribution relations, uneven distribution of resources and property rights and cause uneven distribution of income and strict differentiation and marginalization in the population structure, macroeconomic violations, inefficient system of social security and social insurance. Uneven dis- tribution acts as an objective reality, and therefore it is important to prevent its threatening indicators. To do this, it is necessary to adequately measure the degree of inequality, to control not only the difference in income between rich and poor, but also the size of income to prevent a decrease in minimum income below the minimum social standards. Social standards require constant revision and improve- ment of their calculation methods, taking into account the methodology used in countries with a high level of social development.
Key words: social justice, economic efficiency, institutions, social institutions, economic activity, innovations.


A modal nonmonotonic logic is presented based on an experiential modal semantics on typicality and exception.The syntactic and semantics of modal nonmonotonic logic are provided,and the completeness theorem and the theorems relating it to major nonmonotonic logics are proved.It directly formalizes the intuition of nonmonotonic reasoning.Among other things,it provides us a first-order extension of default logic and autoepistemic logic,and simultaneously has the capability of circumscription to infer universal statement.It has important applications in logic programming and deductive data base.As a result,it provides a uniform basis for various nonmonotonic logics,from which the correspondent relationship among major nonmonotonic logics can coincide.


Modern wireless radio systems, such as public mobile cellular services (GSM or CDMA), PCN, DECT, wireless LANs, etc., are established in different operating frequency bands according to their specific applications. For new service deployments and expansion or improvement of existing systems, accurate path loss and power delay profile prediction in different environments is important for specifying system parameters. Recently, wave propagation prediction algorithms based on site-specific deterministic models, quasi-optical ray tracing and higher order electromagnetic wave propagation models have been developed. The paper discusses the results from a simulator consisting of two discrete computer codes, an environment modeler and a ray tracing engine. It is found that, for closed indoor areas with many scatterers, modeling the environment with more details is beneficial because it improves the accuracy of the simulated results while simulation time is not significantly increased. However, considering diffraction may not be useful, as it is very time consuming and does not have a major impact on the total predicted result because of extreme multipath effects.


The current situation of Phyllostachys dulcis in Zhuji was introduced and the problems during the development were pointed out.Such as careless management,slow development of process industry and distempered industry chain.Finally,the methods of relevant development for the problems were suggested.


An analytical method for stability prediction incorporating the nonlinear influence of the effective lead angle in turning is proposed and validated. It is shown that as the effective lead angle changes, due to depth of cut variations on a nose radiused cutting insert, different structural modes are excited, resulting in different stability results. Experiments have been performed on a two degree-of-freedom system representative of the turning of long, slender bars. It is shown that chatter may be present at low depths of cut, typically less than the nose radius of the insert. The proposed model is also capable of predicting the chatter present at larger depths of cut that is typically reported in literature.


Viceral Leishmaniasis (LV), a severe disease caused by Leishmania chagasi, is transmitted by the bite of phlebotimine sandflies and it hasthe main reservoir hosts wild canine and domestic dogs. For this reason, the elimination of seropositive dogs is recommended in Brazil as the current strategy for managing the disease control.
Although the dog culling had a positive impact in maintenance of a low ratio of
increase of LV, the canine incidence and seroprevalence do not negativate,
maintaining a residual reservoir of parasites in the field. Comparatively, the use of a canine protective vaccine would represent the better control tool, reducing the parasites offer to sand fly vectors and consequently the LV cases number. The
Leishmune®, a second-generation vaccine, have been recently licensed in Brazil and
become commercially available. Its formulation proved to be safe protective and
highly immunogenic for dogs, butthere are a few studies aboutduration of protective
immunity responses. Accordingly, the main goal of the current work was to
investigate if the time-frameof one year, proposed for protective immunity following
vaccination with Leishmune®, is accompainied by supportive imunological events,such as cytokine profile change, nitric oxide syntesis, and phagocytosis in peripheral
blood immunity cell. Our data identified that Leishmune® was able to induce an
incremented phagocytic capacity in monocytes closely associated with the NO production by these phagocytes, reaching a peak of functionalactivity at six months after vaccination. In neutrophils, the higher long lasting phagocytic capacity triggered was not accompanied by enhanced NOproduction by them. Among the immunological events correlated with phagocytic capacity increase, high levels of anti-Leishmania chagasi promastigotes IgG were detected by flow cytometry (PPFP), one and six months following vaccination, besides increase of Fcreceptor (CD32) expression by monocytes. Moreover, increase expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were positively correlated with phagocytic capacity and TLR5 and TLR9 were positively correlated with NO production in monocytes. In addition, we observed increase
expression of activation (MHC) and costimulatory (CD80) molecules by monocytes
one month following vaccination.The vaccination induced too a long lasting blockage to IL-4 and an increase in the IL-8 production by monocytes along with higher IFN- production by T-cells upon L. chagasi challenge in vitro. The evidences presented
suggested that Leishmune® is able to induce a long lasting change in the immune response mediated by the interface of adaptive/innate immunity with impact on the monocyte functional properties, consistent with supportive immunological events with
potential anti-Leishmaniaeffector mechanisms that could participate in protective
immunity against CVL.


This chapter discusses the developed automated complex of computer programs for the investigation and simulation of the physical properties of magnetized dusty plasma. Computer simulation of the system was carried out on the basis of molecular dynamics, taking into account the influence of an external uniform magnetic field. The particles of the system interact with the potential of Yukawa. The complex was developed in the Borland Delphi7 object-oriented programming environment, using additional components. The complex consists of several subprograms with the help of which one can investigate the dynamic and structural properties of dusty plasma in an external magnetic field. The complex provides the transfer of information between the user-person and the software and hardware components of the computer system, makes communication with the computer as simple and natural as possible. The interface is as close as possible to the user, and the user can fully control the course of the program. In order to bring the interface as close as possible to the user, familiar terminology, customization of the user's reality, user-friendly interface and interface transparency were used. During calculations using an automated complex, you can change the system parameters, draw a graph of the results obtained, stop and exit the program. On the basis of this complex, the author's certificate "Magnetized Dusty Plasma" was obtained.


This paper, written from a practitioner perspective, briefly discusses model structure direction and implied needs. The models are categorized into two basic groups, activity pattern utility maximizing and microsimulation approaches utilizing rule-based and satisficing heuristics. The four major possible sources of information for activity models, cross-sectional household (revealed preference), stated response, longitudinal panels and retrospective surveys, are discussed, with the level of detail being higher for methods with short term applicability. The surveys are also discussed in the context of the two basic model categories. The conclusion is that both cross sectional and stated response are needed in the short term, that the use of cross sectional data alone may limit model development to utility maximizing models, and that the combined use of revealed and stated response is necessary for the development of microsimulation models. Data collection methods are briefly discussed and consideration of direct contact interactive computer based surveys is suggested.


The dynamical system proposed by Kermack and McKendrick (1933) to model the spread of epidemics is shown to admit bi-Hamiltonian structure without any restrictions on the rate constants. These two inequivalent Hamiltonian structures are compatible.


International audience

 This paper aims to show two things. Firstly the importance of Alan Baker's work on linear forms in logarithms for the development of the theory of exponential Diophantine equations. Secondly how this theory is the culmination of a series of greater and smaller discoveries.


We show that a spacetime with torsion and non-metricity, obtained as a deformation of a Riemannian spacetime, accommodates an internal symmetry structure of the YangMills prototype in such a way that the internal symmetry becomes an integral part of the spacetime itself. In particular, the spacetime structural identities remain invariant with respect to internal gauge transformations. The construction encrusts the internal degrees of freedom in spacetime in such a way as to merge the gauging of these internal degrees of freedom with the frame geometrical gauges of spacetime. In a Weyl Cartan spacetime the theory regains the original conceptual structure of Einstein's equations, in which "matter" sources on the r.h.s. determine on the l.h.s the geometry of spacetime and the fields it induces. In a genuine post-Riemannian spacetime the connection at the internal symmetry sector becomes scale-dependent; the presence of an Abelian component in it gives rise to new contributions of gravitational magnitude in the interaction between the Yang-Mills field and gravity. The merger of spacetime with internal degrees of freedom which we propose here is not constrained by the usual Coleman-Mandula considerations. e-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com


Diabetic patients need exercise, diet and medication to keep normal glucose levels. Therapeutic exercise is good to control the glucose level and emotional stability. There are many studies to identify the relationship between them glucose drop and exercise load. However, there are few studies on exercise system that patients can easily calculate appropriate exercise tolerance at home and coaching exercise by individual. This paper presents simple exercise tolerance test and exercise coaching algorithm with indoor bicycle. We measure the change of glucose level before and after exercise. Then, the coaching program for the exercise is established by the proposed exercise tolerance test. From the simulation results, glucose levels were decreased after exercise for all experimental participants. The diabetics kept the lowered glucose level after 30 minutes of exercise.


To determine whether estrogen and radiation are synergistic for the production of mammary carcinoma the effect of lower-energy radiation such as that used for X-ray mammography was studied in AXC rats. This strain of rats has an essentially zero incidence of spontaneous mammary cancer but is very susceptible to the early induction of mammary cancer by continuous administration of estrogen. Female AXC rats were hysterectomized at 28-30 days of age to prevent fatal estrogen-induced uterine infections. The ovaries were left intact. Group 1 received an estrogen pellet and radiation Group 2 received an estrogen pellet alone and Group 3 received radaition along. The 20 mg pellets contained 25% diethylstilbestrol and 75% cholesterol. They were implanted intrascapularly when the rats were 8-weeks-old. Radiation was given only to the left mammary chain of each animal. The dose delivered was 800R to the center of the mammary chain given within 285 seconds. In 12 of the 14 Group 1 rats mammary cancers appeared on the irradiated side. The 1st tumor appeared at 18 weeks on the irradiated side while on the shielded side the 1st tumor appeared at 29 weeks. 6 animals developed 17 tumors on the shielded side. Group 2 showed the incidence in both mammary chains exposed to estrogens. 15 of 16 Group 2 rats had 54 tumors at 33 weeks. 1st tumors appeared at 20 weeks. In Group 3 the 1st mammary tumor appeared at 75 weeks and a total of 12 mammary tumors were found. Tumors were histologically similar in all groups. In the animals receiving both estrogen and radiation the irradiated mammary chain underwent essentially total carcinogenesis and earlier appearance of cancers indicating a synergistic effect.


Biofilm process is a kind of efficient way for sewage with high concentration of urea. A lot of researches on removal efficiency were carried out, but there existed less research for the process of urea removal. To understand the way of urea removal by biofilm process, biological aerated filter (BAF) was used to deal with sewage with high concentration of urea from a chemical plant, by studying adsorption property of the carrier, biomass and biological activity on the carrier, and contrastive analysis between hydrolysis product of urea and theoretical value was carried out and the microbial flora of urea removal was preliminarily determined using the method of inhibiting biological activity. The results showed that, removal of urea by BAF was mainly the result of biological action, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for urea was limited, the dominant bacterial communities for the hydrolysis of urea were heterotrophic bacteria, and parts of nitrosobacteria and nitrobacteria also had a certain capacity of hydrolyzing urea.


Scientific interest in functions of the breast is manifested by the increasing number of publications in both the clinical and investigative literature during the past decade. Nevertheless, there is probably no organ about which there is greater misinformation than the breast. The author has successfully summarized the basic information about structure and function of the breast (with emphasis on lactation and interrelated endocrine functions) and about disorders of the breast such as the syndromes of inappropriate lactation. In the first of nine chapters, the author discusses development of the breast from the fetal to the adolescent phase, although he does not provide detailed information about the mechanisms that govern the development of a prepubertal breast along female or male patterns. The second chapter deals mostly with the adult breast, anatomically and functionally, and describes the changes during pregnancy, and the factors controlling the synthesis and release of milk. The discussion


In this paper, we consider the stabilization of a wave equation with boundary input delay. We provide a novelty observer-based feedback controller to stabilize the system. Our approach is based on the "feedback equivalence". By some equivalence transformations, we establish the equivalence between the closed-loop system and a stable system. The design of controller can also be used to many other equations.


This contribution presents a novel approach for bridge design analyses. The full 3D design analysis is based on a hybrid model combining advantages of the classical beam theory and the Finite Element Method. With defining few additional parameters, the deformability of the cross-section can be taken into account by using Finite Element techniques up to any required level of accuracy. Instead of presenting FE results like stresses in Gauss points – this novel approach provides integral "beam-like" results for each segment face. The user can freely choose the number of integral result. This allows for applying standard design check routines in the post-processing phase in accordance with current design codes, which are usually based on "beam" results.


In this paper, the pump absorption efficiency and the optimum length of DCOFs with several kinds of inner cladding shapes have been studied through the ray trace method. The DCOFs with circular, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal inner cladding have been studied in this paper. Expect for the DCOF with circular inner cladding. The maximum pump absorption efficiency of the DCOFs above exceed 0.9. It is found that the triangle shape has the highest absorption and there is only little difference among the polygon DCOF. The ray trace method is a more simple and quick method and it is competent for DCOFs with more kinds of inner cladding.


The optimal selection of discriminatory features from large datasets remains a pressing problem in damage identification. In this paper, a Bayesian approach to classification and feature selection is introduced and applied to a challenging experimental problem.


A configuration of the both-sided boring idler cylinder machine was present.The machine had high efficiency and automatization.Its process quality was steady and can be widely used in many machine environments.The machine was driven by hydraulic system and was conducted by computer.It also has an innovative configuration.


Today, Swedish women have one of the highest participation rates. In the nineteenth century, however, virtually no married women were recorded as working. Their participation rates started rising around the turn-of-the-century. Using full-count microdata from Swedish national censuses for the period 1880-1910, this paper aims to estimate the effects of various determinants on female labour supply. Hypotheses based on economic theories on the demand and supply of female labour are tested. The results indicate that the number of children is positively associated with working for never-married and widowed women. For married women, children had a negative impact. Both married and widowed women were more likely to work if they had at least one servant in the household. Moreover, the impact of a working spouse on a married woman's participation varied by the spouse's occupation; wives of production workers were more likely to work. Structural transformation changed the impact of local economies on women's work. Clerical work arose as an important employer for single women, while married women were negatively impacted by industrialisation in terms of likelihood to be employed. The relative price of butter over rye - a proxy for female-to-male wages - had large positive impacts on single and divorced women, but only small impact on married women. Overall, this study concludes that differences in marital status and family composition created differential experiences for women, which should be taken into account in economic theories.


Nano-sized CoxMg1−xAl2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) inorganic pigments were synthesized via combustion method using β-alanine, as a single and novel fuel, at 800°C in open furnace. The obtained powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), CIE L*a*b* color measurements, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD patterns show that all calcined powders have single phase cubic spinel structure. EDX analysis revealed the composition of desired spinels. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the CoxMg1−xAl2O4 (x > 0) pigments confirmed the presence of tetrahedrally coordinated Co2