AIM: To compare miriplatin plus lipiodol (viscous mixture; miriplatin suspension) with miriplatin plus lipiodol with contrast medium (less-viscous mixture; oil-in-water miriplatin emulsion), in terms of lipiodol (Lp) accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules immediately after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, adverse events, treatment effect (TE), and overall tumor response. METHODS: This study was designed as a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients with unresectable hypervascular HCC confined to the liver were assigned to either the miriplatin suspension group or miriplatin emulsion group. We evaluated radiographic response (modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) at 3 months as the primary endpoint; secondary endpoints were Lp accumulation immediately after (Grade I, lipiodol accumulation of 100% or greater), lesion TE (Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan), and safety (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0). RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients with 71 nodules were randomized to the suspension group and 32 patients with 84 nodules to the emulsion group. No significant difference in HCC patient background was found between the groups. Grade I Lp accumulation immediately after, TE4, and overall tumor response (partial response plus complete response) of the suspension vs. emulsion groups were 70% vs. 66.7%, 39.4% vs. 39.3%, and 51.7% vs. 46.9%, respectively, with no significant difference. There was no significant difference in adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the miriplatin suspension and miriplatin emulsion groups regarding Lp accumulation, TE, overall tumor response at 3 months, and adverse events.


Since the beginning of the 20th century the need for individuals who are well-educated in science (natural sciences and social sciences), technology, engineering and mathematics areas increased. Main reasons underlying such a need are economy, technology and innovation. For all these reasons, many countries tried and are still seeking to improve quality of the education given in subjects such as science, technology engineering and mathematics. Countries developed different methods, ways and projects to increase the number of welleducated people in these areas and started competing among themselves.


Ozone is one of the strongest oxidizers and is also environmental-friendly because it decomposes to oxygen. Ozone is widely utilized in various fields such as disinfection, deodorization and decolorization. IHI fundamental disinfection tests of several types of bacilli proved that ozone showed high level disinfection effects by optimizing the ozone gas concentration and exposure time. Ozone also has adequate disinfecting properties against bacilli in medical disinfecting equipment.


Considering the differences of moral quality, intelligence quality and learning ability among the fiveyear advanced vocational education students, we should carry out the multilevel teaching plan in accordance with the requirements of the quality-oriented education. We should work out clear multilevel teaching aims and achieve the development of different students.


The present invention is test element, in particular, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, biological, including microorganisms and cells, medical, or for the presence or concentration of biological or medically important substances a test element for the diagnosis, characterized by that the test element contains a nanofiber.


It is shown experimentally that the geometry (i.e., the loop shape) of weftknitted fabrics is controlled by loop length, fibre type and properties, and method of relaxation. A theoretical study indicates that, for given end conditions, the shape taken up by a deformed elastic rod depends on the ratio of its flexural and torsional rigidities. The result is used to provide a tentative explanation of the experimental results.


This chapter examines Ad Simplicium Tribunum from the viewpoint of its possible special contribution. When reading Gregorys Ad Simplicium , the chapter managed to identify the purpose of the text, we should be very close in finding from it a sequence to follow towards an end which corresponds with the authors aim. A rational discourse does not only display thoughts: behind thoughts there is intention. Gregorys short Trinitarian treatise-letter to the tribune Simplicius is one of the key-texts of Gregorys production in which it occupies an important place both because of its individual contribution in mani- festing the authors ideal of the Christocentric simplicity of the Trinitarian worship and for its transitional role between his emphatically polemical works on the one hand and his apologetic and pastoral writings on the other. Keywords: Ad Simplicium Tribunum ; Gregory; Trinitarian treatise


by A.S. Paschoa, A. Tranjan Filho, and J.J. Rosenthal 13 September 1987, a chain of unfortunate events occurred that led to what became known throughout the world as simply the "Goiania accident": A shielded, strongly radioactive caesium137 source was removed from its protective housing in a teletherapy machine in an abandoned clinic in Goiania, in the Brazilian state of Goias. The source capsule was subsequently ruptured, and the remnants of the source assemblywere sold for scrap to a junkyard owner, who noticed that it glowed blue in the dark. People were fascinated and over a period of days, friends and relatives came and saw the phenomenon. Some grain-sized fragments of the source ended up in the homes of several families, and other fragments came to be dispersed to places throughout the city. By the time the scale of the accident was discovered, and countermeasures were taken, many people had incurred large doses of radiation due to both external and internal exposure. Four of the casualties ultimately died and 28 people suffered radiation burns. Residences and public places were contaminated. The decontamination necessitated the demolition of seven residences and various other buildings, and the removal of topsoil from large areas. In total, about 3500 cubic metres of radioactive waste were generated. At the time, Brazilian public authorities — assisted by local citizens and national and international volunteers — took remarkable efforts to


This essay elaborates and defends a certain broad
orientation in the philosophy of mind - the
inferentialism of Sellars and Brandom - and explores
the striking consequences of that orientation for the
field of practical reason. Inferentialism aims to
understand the significance of various
philosophically important concepts in terms of their
role in inference. The first part of the essay draws
a distinction between two types of practical
reasoning. It is argued that once we take a
contextualist, non-foundationalist approach to
practical reasoning, we realize that neither form of
reasoning is more fundamental or primary than the
other. The second part examines three important
practically-oriented mental states: intentions,
evaluative beliefs, and desires, and arrives at novel
accounts of each. Intentions are analyzed as
practical commitments, the linchpin of practical
reasoning, and their deep connection with beliefs is
revealed. Desires are understood in terms of
intentions, reversing the usual direction of
analysis, while evaluative beliefs are approached via
a distinction between acknowledging and attributing
practical states.


The decision to install a PV plant depends on three major factors: the climatic and environment conditions of the location, the viability of commercial operations, and the government policies. Economic feasibility of a PV system in the energy market depends on the cost of technology, the cost of installation, and the yield of the plant. Considering uncertain nature of climatic parameters, development of a reliable model to predict the energy output of a plant-to-be installed becomes essential. The presented study deals with PVGIS software method to estimate the total PV energy production of Odisha for a year. The proposed model considers only two meteorological variables collected from 1195 locations of Odisha: total annual incident global radiation on the surface of the module and annual average air temperature. The paper focuses on simplification at every stage of the development while analyzing the preciseness of the model.


This paper investigates the effects of exposure to immigrant classmates on natives' scholastic achievement. I utilize rare information on age at migration to estimate separate spillover effects by duration of stay of immigrant classmates and use cohort-by-cohort changes in immigrant presence within schools to identify treatment effects. I find that exposure to immigrant students who have been in the country for a few years has no effect on natives. A small negative effect of recent immigrants on natives' verbal scores only is reported. Effect sizes are quite small compared to other classroom interventions and peer effect estimates.


Abstract : Traveling waves on 2D and 3D infinite periodic arrays of small lossless acoustic monopoles, electric dipoles, and magnetodielectric spheres are investigated. The waves are assumed to propagate along the axis of the arrays. The focus is on obtaining the kd-BETAd equations (diagrams) characterizing the traveling waves. Initial forms of the kd-BETAd equations are obtained by summing the fields scattered from all the array elements incident on a reference element of the array located at the origin of the coordinate system. These initial forms of the kd-BETAd equations are, however, useless for computational purposes since the summations converge extremely slowly. The core of the investigation is, therefore, to convert the slowly convergent summations to forms that can be used for efficient calculation of the kd-BETAd curves. These conversions are performed by first using either the Poisson summation formula or a method based on the use of Floquet mode expansions. Expressions for the efficient summation of Schloemilch series are then used to obtain the final forms of the kd-BETAd equations. Exact computable expressions for the fields of 3D acoustic monopole, electric dipole, and magnetodielectric sphere arrays that are finite in the direction of the array axis, illuminated by a plane wave parallel to the array axis, are obtained from the analyses performed to obtain the kd-BETAd curves for the corresponding infinite arrays.


Research Summary
The present study is an experimental evaluation of day reporting centers (DRCs) as an alternative to incarceration for medium- and high-risk parolees in New Jersey. Male parolees (N = 355) were randomly assigned to a DRC condition or regular parole supervision (the Control condition) for a period of 90 days. Short- and long-term outcomes were examined. The data show that DRC participants were more likely to be arrested and convicted for a new offense in the short term compared to the Control group. DRC participants' median time to new arrest was 99 days shorter than Control group parolees; however, this difference was not significant. No differences were found between the groups in the long term.

Policy Implications
Parolees assigned to a DRC fare as well, and in some instances worse, than parolees on regular parole supervision. Given the relative costs associated with each form of supervision, it is not advisable to use the DRC model as an alternative to incarceration for medium- and high-risk parolees.


The aim of this paper is to present an optimization approach of static converters using analytical models and a dedicated tool. Indeed, tools like Saber, Pspice or Simplorer are effective means for the power electronics structure time-domain studies. However, if these structures have an ac input and a high switching frequency (various time scales), or if several aspect studies are taken into account, time-domain simulation becomes painful and expensive in memory and computing time. The study of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performances is also difficult because of the line impedance stabilizer network (LISN) time-constants which come to penalize the time-domain simulation. In addition, in sizing and optimization process, results in short computing times are needed, so the time-domain simulation may be too time consuming. In this way, the paper proposes to carry out a compromise between the model accuracy and the tool rapidness and recommends the use of analytical models to optimize the passive element volume of static converters by respecting EMC standards, by minimizing the whole dissipated losses (conduction and switching semiconductor losses, core and copper inductor losses, capacitor losses) and by constraining the semiconductor junction, the winding and the magnetic circuit temperatures. This optimization approach is applied to a 42 V-14 V dc-dc converter for the automotive domain (output power 1 kW). The developed optimization procedure is validated by numerical simulation and measures.


The present invention is a polymer retention and drainage aid for the cellulosic fiber compositions, and will be described how to use them.


This article deals with gender analysis of zoomorphisms in the Russian language. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the dictionaries of zoological images. Gender reference (masculine, feminine or metagender) is defined for each image. The prevalence of zoomorphisms with metagender reference is marked. Special attention is drawn to the cases of indistinct interpretation of gender reference.


This study objectives to determine the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to the type and timing of organic fertilizer as well as to see the interaction between the type and timing of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice plants. This research was conducted in the Village Geuce Kayee Jato, District Banda Raya, Banda Aceh, from July 2012 until March 2013. The experimental design used in this study was a randomized block design (RAK) factorial with three replications consisting of two factors: the type of organic material factor (J) consists of six levels ie: J0 = Control, Compost = J1, J2 = Bran smooth, J3 = fine bran fermentation, J4 = coarse bran, J5 = coarse bran fermentation. The second factor is the timing of organic fertilizer (W) consisting of W1 = 1 week before planting, W2 = 1 week after planting. Parameters observed include plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, leaf length, leaf width, panicle length, days to flowering, grain containing per pot, the percentage of empty grains per pot, and 1000 grain weight. The results showed that there were very significant interaction between treatment type and timing of fertilizer organic fertilizer on growth and yield of rice plants. The best interactions found in rough bran fermentation treatment and fertilization time a week before planting. Types of organic fertilizer effect on the growth and yield of rice plants. The highest rice yield was obtained in the treatment of rough bran fermentation fertilizer. When fertilizing effect on the growth and yield of rice plants. The best time of fertilization treatment is a week before planting.


In this paper, we presents the first measurement of minimum noise figure in AlGaAsSb/InGaAs/AlGaAsSb metamorphic quantum well HEMTs (MHEMTs). MHEMTs allow the development of InGaAs-based HEMTs on inexpensive GaAs substrates in contrast to the rather expensive InP-substrates. A measured low noise figure, F/sub min/ is a function of frequency at different gate biases. This provides an attractive alternative technology for the realization of low noise millimeter wave devices.


We took the design of on existing circuit simulator, SPICE, considered various parallelization techniques, and selected a relaxation-based algorithm, Iterated Timing Analysis, for further study. In this report, the implementation of this algorithm on the CM-5 is described. Simulation is performed by a collection of subcircuits communicating with one another by sending asynchronous event messages. Initial studies on two platforms, Split-C, a parallel extension of C, and the CMMD message passing library, indicate that this approach, with appropriate partitioning and scheduling taking granularity into account, has a great deal of potential for reducing the cost of circuit simulation. We also tried to exploit parallelism by scheduling the events optimistically. Trace driven analysis shows that the optimistic simulation method exploits more parallelism than the conservative methods for circuits with feedback signal paths.<<ETX>>


Objective To observe the pretreatment effect of dexmedetomidine on succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and postoperative myalgia and on hemodynamic disturbances undergoing excision of vocal cord polyp. Methods 60 patients with ASA Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ,undergoing excision of vacal cord polyp with general anesthesia,were randomly divided into Dex group( group D) and control group( group C). Dexmedetomidine was given with 1 μg / kg within 10 min before anesthesia induction,the equal volume of normal saline was infused in group C. MAP,HR were observed at the time before dexmedetomidine infusion( T0),5 min after dexmedetomidine infusion( T1),30 s after anesthesia induction( T2),30 s after succinylcholine injection( T3),1 min after intubation( T4),immediately after laryngoscope examination( T5),5 min after surgery( T6) and surgery completion( T7). The fasciculation and tracheal intubation condition were recorded after succinylcholine injection. VAS scores of myalgia were recorded 24 h after operation. Results compared with T0,MAP and HR in group C increased significantly at T4~ T7( P 0. 05). Compared with group C,MAP and HR in group D significantly decreased at T4~ T7( P 0. 05). There was no significant difference in tracheal intubation condition and the rate of fasciculation between the two groups,but the fasciculation severity in group D decreased significantly than in group C( P 0. 05). The VAS score of post-operative myalgia was 6. 54 ± 0. 37 in group C and 3. 48 ±0. 45 in group D,the difference was significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion Preoperative administration of dexmedetomidine can maintain stable hemodynamic index and decrease the severity of succinylcholine induced fasciculation and postoperative myalgia in excision of vocal cord polyp.


The work deals with numerical simulation of transonic flow in turbine cascade including heat transfer between fluid and blades. The blades are considered either solid, with heat conduction, or with a cavity held at constant temperature above the total temperature of the fluid. The surface of blades is hydraulically smooth or rough. The mathematical model is based on Favre averaged Navier-Stokes equations with SST turbulence model. The heat transfer inside blades is governed by Laplace equation for temperature. The solution for fluid part is obtained by implicit AUMPW+ finite volume method. The solution of Laplace equation is obtained by finite element method. The coupling between the two solvers is discussed including some problems. In the discussion of results, the effects of heat conduction in the blade, internal heating of the blade and surface roughness are observed.


Hypersonic air breathing vehicles undergo substantial heat loading and this is a major consideration in their design. Despite this, the fundamentals of how boundary-layer flows transition from laminar to turbulent is still not fully understood and has not received a great deal of investigation. A fully turbulent boundary layer results from the initiation, growth and merger of turbulent packets, called turbulent spots, in an otherwise laminar boundary layer. The region where the flow state alternates between laminar and turbulent is called the transition zone and can be quite long in hypersonic flows. Knowledge about how these spots grow under the influence of pressure gradients, which are caused by regions of curvature, is limited. Therefore, a greater understanding of this phenomenon will assist in the efficient design of hypersonic vehicles.The aim of this study is to better understand the characteristics of turbulent spots under an adverse (positive) pressure gradient. The main characteristics under investigation are the speeds of the leading and trailing edges. Furthermore, investigation into the transition length under the influence of a pressure gradient is examined. This is achieved by analysing results from high-speed schlieren visualisation and surface heat transfer measurements on a flared-cone in the T4 Stalker Tube. A flared cone which increases the pressure linearly along the rear portion of surface and doubles the pressure over the flared region was designed and manufactured. The test model is 609.5 mm long. It has a 1.55 mm radius blunt tip and the first 56% is a straight 7° cone. The flare starts at that point and continues to the end of the model. The linearity of the pressure distribution along the flared part of the cone was checked using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver Eilmer 4 and confirmed experimentally using Kulite pressure transducers. Spots are identified as spikes in the heat transfer signals from an array of thin film heat transfer gauges (TFHTG) and schlieren imagery. Results for a cone with zero pressure gradient are available for comparison from a study on a straight 7° cone that was performed in T4 prior to the present study. Results indicate that the speeds of the leading edges and the bases of the spots are similar those observed in tests in constant pressure gradient flows to within the accuracy of the experiments. The speed at the edge of the boundary layer decreases by only 1.5% approx. due to the flare, so even with a doubling of the pressure, the change in flow speed is only moderate.


Introduction Esc Engineering, an Italian sme experienced with dot impact printing technology, was engaged with the design of a new printhead. Even if breakthrough solutions were not expected, for instance because the maturity of technology, the aim of the project was to outperform products in the market for product performances and price. A Triz based approach was applied in the earlier stage of the design process.


We study uncertain linear complementarity problems (LCPs), that is, problems in which the LCP vector q or the LCP matrix M may contain uncertain parameters. To this end, we use the concept of -robust optimization applied to the gap function formulation of the LCP. Thus, this work builds upon Krebs and Schmidt (2020). There, we studied -robustified LCPs for 1and box-uncertainty sets, whereas we now focus on ellipsoidal uncertainty sets. For uncertainty in q or M, we derive conditions for the tractability of the robust counterparts. For these counterparts, we also give conditions for the existence and uniqueness of their solutions. Finally, a case study for the uncertain traffic equilibrium problem is considered, which illustrates the effects of the values of on the feasibility and quality of the respective robustified solutions.


Results from scientific studies on the impacts of salmon lice on Atlantic salmon and sea trout are summarized here. Considerable evidence exists that that there is a link between farm-intensive areas and the spread of salmon lice to wild Atlantic salmon and sea trout. Several studies have shown that the effects of salmon lice from fish farms on wild salmon and sea trout populations can be severe, ultimately reducing the number of adult fish due to salmon lice induced mortality, resulting in reduced stocks and reduced opportunities for fisheries. Depending on the population size, elevated salmon lice levels can also result in too few spawners to reach conservation limits.


Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 1987 - Title I: Liability for Production and Utilization Facilities - Amends the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to provide that the amount of financial protection required of licensees of facilities having a rated capacity of 100,000 electrical kilowatts or more shall be the maximum amount available at reasonable cost. Limits the maximum deferred premium that may be charged following a nuclear incident to $10,000,000 per year, per incident, for each facility required to maintain the maximum amount of primary financial protection. Establishes procedures to be followed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in borrowing funds from the Treasury to compensate victims of a nuclear incident if the NRC is liable for any deferred premiums, or if damages in any year exceed the amount available to pay claims. Precludes such borrowed funds from being used to pay any cost of investigating or settling claims, or defending suits for damages. Extends from August 1, 1987, to August 1, 1997, the period in which NRC will indemnify licensees from public liability in excess of the level of financial protection required of them. Directs the Secretary of Energy to enter into indemnification agreements until August 1, 1997, with contractors who: (1) construct or operate production or utilization facilities; or (2) perform activities that may result in a nuclear incident or precautionary evacuation. Sets forth agreement guidelines. Directs the Secretary to compensate public liability claims arising from a nuclear incident resulting from certain nuclear material that is: (1) illegally diverted; or (2) cannot be traced to an insured Commission licensee. Defines public liability for purposes of this Act to include reasonable costs incurred by a State or its political subdivision in the course of responding to a nuclear incident or precautionary evacuation. Sets aggregate liability limits for nuclear incidents. Directs the Congress to provide full compensation to the pub


. Recreational fishing for barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), is a major contributor to the economy of Queensland, generating an estimated $A 8 to $A 15 million per annum. The Queensland Department of Primary Industries is investigating the feasibility of enhancing barramundi populations with fish produced in fish hatcheries. Cost benefit analysis of the Department's stocking of baaamundi in Lake Tinaroo indicates that each dollar spent on the programme generates a potential $A 31 of economic benefit to the Queensland economy.


In the design process of the catalyzed installation,in order to allow the regenerator material work in the right temperature range,taking into account the energy factor,the design of the outer surface temperature is relatively low in general.Lower wall temperature so that make the flue gas of some acidic ingredients in the regenerator and flue pipe wall,resulting in corrosion the wall.Design the heat preservation thickness of the outer surface to meet the most adverse environmental conditions in summer and winter in Huizhou region.select compound silicate coatings for insulation,and develop the construction bill.


Computer vision, along with other branches of computer science, often deals with processing point data, which causes a need for efficient organization of points which would allow faster searching. Data structures developed for this purpose commonly have a hierarchical organization in shape of a tree.

BSP tree, \emph{k}-d tree, quadtree and octree are among the well-known such structures. They are all based on the principle of recursive subdivision of point space and placing points into correspondent regions.

Nearest neighbour search is one of the notable problems which uses mentioned structures. The problem deals with finding a point in a predetermined set which is nearest to the given query point. It is determined, using self-implemented \emph{k}-d tree and octree, that hierarchical organization significantly improves nearest neighbour search.


Technology: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists of platelets

Use: The activation of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors results in rapid thrombosis through specific binding of its ligand, fibrinogen. The use of the Fab fragment of the mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody 7E3, now


Subsalt velocity analysis using prestack wave equation migration scans through perturbed velocity model is an accurate but expensive approach. To reduce turnaround time and computation cost, we investigated an alternative approach for subsalt velocity analysis. In this approach, we separate the prestack focusing step from the poststack modeling step. We first use the current best velocity model to perform one prestack migration to produce a subsalt image. We then use the subsalt image as a reflectivity model to perform upgoing one-way exploding reflector modeling to produce demigrated zero-offset seismic data. Using this demigrated data as input, we perform a scan of poststack wave equation migrations through perturbed subsalt velocity model. We demonstrate the necessity of demigrating only to the base of salt in order to avoid significant image degradation and we show the feasibility of this methodology using the 2D Sigsbee data set.


Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate important cellular processes such as mitogenesis, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal functions. They include PI3Kα, -β, and -δ isoforms coupled to receptor tyrosine kinases and a PI3Kγ isoform activated by receptor-stimulated G proteins. This study examines the direct interaction of purified recombinant PI3Kγ catalytic subunit (p110γ) and Gβγ complexes. When phosphatidylinositol was used as a substrate, Gβγ stimulated p110γ lipid kinase activity more than 60-fold (EC50, ∼20 nm). Stimulation was inhibited by Gαo-GDP or wortmannin in a concentration-dependent fashion. Stoichiometric binding of a monoclonal antibody to the putative pleckstrin homology domain of p110γ did not affect Gβγ-mediated enzymatic stimulation, whereas incubation of Gβγ with a synthetic peptide resembling a predicted Gβγ effector domain of type 2 adenylyl cyclase selectively inhibited activation of p110γ. Gβγ complexes bound to N- as well as C-terminal deletion mutants of p110γ. Correspondingly, these enzymatically inactive N- and C-terminal mutants inhibited Gβγ-mediated activation of wild type p110γ. Our data suggest that (i) p110γ directly interacts with Gβγ, (ii) the pleckstrin homology domain is not the only region important for Gβγ-mediated activation of the lipid kinase, and (iii) Gβγ binds to at least two contact sites of p110γ, one of which is close to or within the catalytic core of the enzyme.


The article deals with some elements of thegraph theory as an example of a contemporary method for geographical analysis of transport flows and networks. They represent a useful tool for quantitative analysis and valuation of transport network, also in the relation with other geographical characteristics.


By means of agar immunoelectrophoresis and antigen antibody crossed electrophoresis (Laurell), protein components in endolymph and periymph of guinea pig inner ear were analized.1) Agar immunoelectrophoresis: Three to four components in endolymph and 4 to 5 components in perilymph were observed with Amido Black 10B staining. In these precipitates of both fluids, each component of Al- and *-Gl fraction was stained with periodic acid Schiff reagent. According to the mobility of serum protein components and glycoprotein staining, Albumin, Haptoglobin, Transferrin, and *-Globulin were determined.2) Ag Ab crossed electrophoresis: Three to five components in endolymph and 5 to 7 components in perilymph were observed with Amido Black 10 B staining. Albumin showed the largest arc in all of them. *-Globulin found appeared skew and showed weak arc at the negative pole. Several unknown arcs were found on *- and *-Gl fraction. A/*-G was 1.50 in endolymph and 1.52 in perilymph.From these results obteined, it is probable that protein components in serum and those in inner ear fluids were different, and high molecular protein components were poorer in inner ear fluids compared with serum.


The attitude of Jesus in the New Testament towards the treatment of women in the society is that of fairness and equity. The aim of this study therefore, was to examine how the Urhobo traditional understandings of adultery are linked with that of the Jews and how they affect women negatively in Urhoboland and to use Jesus' critical response in John 8: 1-11 to call for a change of the status-quo in Urhoboland. In order to do this the Feminist Liberation Theology model was explored as a method. It was seen that the Urhobo and Jewish understanding of adultery are similar in some areas and that these cultural status-quo are oppressive to women and apart from the oppressive nature of the Urhobo understanding of adultery on women, it can also become a basis for men's promiscuity which can become a gate way for the acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted disease like HIV/AIDS, and as such could also lead to divorce and family disintegration. This work therefore was a critique of the Urhobo traditional understanding of adultery in the light of Jesus' critical response in John 8: 1- 11 and could be concluded on the premise that men and women are equal sharers of God's image because the duo are created in God's image ( imago Dei ) and as such it is wrong to attach more importance to the interest of men than women.


Abstract Information about the distribution and cycling of stable iodine (I) in the environment is useful for dose estimation from its long-lived radioiodisotpe, 129I, which is one of the most critical radionuclides to be managed for the safe disposal of nuclear fuel waste. The soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) is an important parameter to predict internal radiation exposure pathways through the food chains using mathematical models. Therefore, we have measured stable I and bromine (Br) for comparison, in 142 crop samples and associated agricultural field soil samples collected throughout Japan. The crops were classified into eight groups, i.e. leafy vegetables, white part of leeks, fruit vegetables, tubers, root crops, legumes, wheat and barley (WB), and rice. The results showed that Br and I concentrations were higher in upland field soil samples than in paddy field soil samples. However, when we compared TF values of WB and brown rice, no statistical difference was observed. The highest geometric mean of TF for I, 1.4 × 102, was obtained for leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables and that for Br, 1.5, was for fruit vegetables. TF for I was much lower than Br, as reported previously, maybe due to their different chemcial forms in soil and uptake behaviors by plant roots.


This study aims at finding out the meaning of education and education science in Nahdlatul Wathan Institution in the book " Sejarah Visi Kebangsaan dan Religius: Refeleksi Pemikiran dan Perjuangan Tuan Guru Kyai Haji Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid 1904-1997) . This study is categorized into Historic Research (the history of education) through critical hermeneutics of some (non) written historic sources. Based on the critical analysis results can be understood that early, Nahdhatul Wathan as educational institution is a tool of social reconstruction through religious education because of the social and political conditions in that time. And the further development, Nahdlatul Wathan Education is not only as a tool but also a final object because of education is considered as a need to accumulate the social development. Nowadays, Nahddatul Wathan Education is understood as a tool and final object. In the science of education, the meaning of Nahdlatul Wathan education as a tool and a final object is supported by some components of education science standard, such as foundation and principles, function, content, objective, method, formal and material objects.          Keywords: Meaning of Education


This paper introduces the Voronoi diagram-based Artificial Immune System (VorAIS). VorAIS models the self/non-self using a Voronoi diagram that determines which areas of the problem domain correspond to self or to non-self. The diagram is evolved using a multi-objective bio-inspired approach in order to conjointly optimize various classification metrics (accuracy, recall and specificity). VorAIS is experimentally validated, first on standard classification problems, then on the well-known NSL-KDD dataset for anomaly detection where it favorably compares with other AIS approaches.


Evaluation of Meissner effect is investigated for high Tc Bi oxide superconductors. The small addition (z) of Sb increases repulsive force. The maximum force is found at 0.05 of z. It agrees with the volume ratio of high Tc phase.


Recombinant protein Fim-C S.typhi is a potential protein that can be used as an alternative typhoid vaccine and produced on a large scale. However, before entering into a large-scale stage, laboratory optimum data on the factors that affect the production process of Fim-C Salmonella typhi proteins are required. This study aims to obtain information regarding the effect of host cell number E.coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS and overexpression time on production of recombinant protein Fim-C Salmonella typhi as the basis for developing candidate of typhoid vaccine. The optimization process of overexpression was done by adding 0.5 mM IPTG (Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside) inducer into bacterial cultures of 2%, 4%, and 6% with 4, 5, and 6 hours over expression. The measurement of the concentration of Fim-C recombinant protein extracted samples were done by a spectrophotometric method used BCA Kit Assay Thermo ScientificTM with wavelength 590nm. The characterization of those protein extracts was performed using SDS-PAGE method. The results from the study concluded that the number of 4% E.coli bacterial cells and four-hour overexpression time are the optimum condition of Fim- C Salmonella typhi characterized by the presence of high-intensity bands at ± 31 kDa.


The interaction of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in the myocardium and the activity of quinidine were investigated employing a modified Anderson-Craver coronary perfusion apparatus with the rat heart and measuring the change in the effective refractory period (ERP) induced by the various drug treatments. The action of quinidine on the ERP was enhanced in the presence of alpha adrenergic blockade or stimulation and decreased in the presence of beta adrenergic blockade or stimulation. The effect of quinidine (4 mg/liter) on the ERP of the rat heart was potentiated in the presence of phenoxybenzamine (50 µg/liter) or phentolamine (100 µg/liter). The ERP was increased 165 and 195%, respectively, over that of the quinidine-treated control hearts (P < .01). In the presence of 250 µg/liter of norepinephrine, quinidine (8 mg/liter) increased the refractory period 69% over that of the controls (P < .01). When propranolol (50 µg/liter) was employed in the presence of 8 mg/liter of quinidine, the ERP was decreased 25% (P < .05) from the quinidine control hearts. In the presence of 25 µg/liter of isoproterenol, 8 mg/liter of quinidine decreased the ERP 27% from the controls (P < .05). The results of these experiments suggest that alpha adrenergic receptors, as well as beta adrenergic receptors, are present in the rat myocardium and that these receptors can modify the activity of quinidine on the ERP of the rat heart.


The present invention relates to a manifold for an intravascular catheter comprising a tubular body (5) with a terminal connector (3) for sealing connection to a guide catheter, a first sealable inlet (1) for introducing a guide wire and, if necessary replaceable, interventional cardiology instruments if necessary a second, connectable with a fluid source or sealingly closable inlet (2), and means (4) for fixing the guide wire, characterized in that the length of the tubular body (5) between the terminal connector and the first inlet is substantially corresponds to the length provided when employed interventional cardiology tool for those tube portion that serves as a housing for serving as guide element the guide wire during operation of the catheter dethreading and during assembly and wherein the means for fixing the Fuhru ngsdrahtes is provided in the vicinity of the terminal connector. Furthermore, the invention comprises an intravascular catheter with manifold.


This paper demonstrates the performance of using computer vision for sweet potato grading. Different qualities of sweet potatoes can lead to different prices. Better-grade fruits can be sold at a higher price. Therefore, they should be graded before they are transferred to sell. 471 pictures of sweet potatoes are employed for the experiment. The experimental sweet potatoes are divided into four groups. The first group contains good quality with required shapes. The second group also includes good quality roots but undesired shapes. Experimental samples of the third group have no defects, but they are too small, short or thin shaped. Moreover, for the last group sweet potatoes have defects. The samples are inspected from their physical properties including shape, color and texture features. Top-view pictures are captured and used for feature extraction. Various 184 physical properties are extracted. As using a large number of features may cause high computational cost, so important extracted features are selected. The effective features are used for classification based on k-nearest neighbour and neural network theories. The experiments comprise of twenty sub-experiments. About half the numbers of samples are randomly chosen for training sets, the remaining samples being employed for test sets. The experimental results show that in the average of the k-nearest neighbor and neural network classifiers achieve 97.14% and 96.46% accuracy respectively. Nevertheless, the difference of the classifier performances is insignificant that is proved by the paired sample t-test.


Islam is unique in its relationship with politics. It plays a vital role in politics and governance, initially under the Rashidun and subsequently in many Muslim empires. The collapse of the Ottoman caliphate in 1924 and the process of decolonisation which started in the mid-twentieth-century led to the start of many Islamic political movements in newly independent Muslim countries. These movements now sit at a critical juncture, with Muslims around the world being polarised around two political extremes. On the one hand, we have Islamic radical groups like ISIS and al-Qaeda, while on the other hand we have secular parties which do not see any role for Islam in politics and governance in Muslim countries. In response, many traditional Islamist parties are now evolving into Muslim democratic parties. Unlike Islamists, Muslim democrats take a more inclusive approach, preferring to integrate Islamic religious values into political platforms designed to win regular democratic elections. The Ennahda Party of Tunisia is one Muslim party that reflects this evolution. R. Ghannouchi, who outlined Ennahdas transition, has argued that Tunisians today are less concerned about Islamisation or secularisationthan with building a democratic government that is inclusive and meets their aspirations for a better life. This paper is an attempt to investigate this shift and its consequences for Islamism across the Muslim world.


In 1987 Neil Koblitz first suggested the use of Elliptic curves for Public Key Cryptosystems. This has triggered publications about ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) in recent years as well as the appearance of first University textbooks about that topic. Some Mathematicians and Computer Scientists have focused their studies of Elliptic curves on efficiency and security of ECC. Questions arise about how to adapt existing algorithms to ECC, which curves are suitable, how to choose the underlying field structure, how to determine the group order efficiently, how to represent messages as points on a curve, etc... I will try to address some of these issues from a practical point of view using known result from the Mathematical theory, referring to other sources for most of the details and proofs.


This chapter explains why the leader of the shiur is almost never addressed as "you," but rather referred to either as "the Rosh Yeshiva" or as "Rebbi," a term broadly used in Ashkenazic Jewish culture to refer to any teacher of Torah, from one who instructs small children to the most advanced lecturers. It argues that their Rebbi's authority is, if anything, anticharismatic and reserved, unlike the paradigmatic hasidic leader, similarly addressed and referred to as "the Rebbe." The chapter also discusses the custom in the beis medresh whenever the Rebbi enters and stand upon his entry. It presents a discussion which turned on the fundamental principle of rabbinic biblical interpretation that nothing is superfluous in the Torah — and that therefore, every seeming superfluity is available to teach us something not explicitly stated in the text. Ultimately, the chapter illustrates the Rosh Yeshiva's dedication to making sense of the text on his own as far as possible. It assumes that the Rosh Yeshiva is willing to accept a certain degree of necessary misapprehension of the rabbinic texts because of his conviction that the halacha for us is what we do.


The Osiris system implements an object data model which was designed to enable the users to share data through a view mechanism. Views, which play the role of subclasses in an object perspective, are defined by their logical properties. Determining the views whose properties are satisfied by a given instance is the very mechanism of classification in knowledge bases. An in-depth static analysis of the views and the assertions defining their logical properties allows the construction at compile time of a network to classify the objects of the base. Contrary to most neural networks used for classification, the architecture of this network (arcs, nodes, and weights) is fully determined by the compilation process, and it needs no learning. This network can also achieve the classification of incompletely known objects and calculate the probability of each potential view, provided that probabilistic information is given on the domains of the missing attributes. The relationship between the complexity of the network and the kind of assertions which is taken into account is studied.


The notion of ecosystems was first conceptualized in terms of mass and energy flows. The energy flow approach of H. T. Odum was one of the first efforts to systematically quantify and describe ecosystem behaviour. Following this lead, a number of researchers have investigated the thermodynamics of ecosystems and proposed several hypotheses concerning how energy flow in ecosystems changes with development and in response to external stress. The panel will discuss measures related to the energy and mass flow structure of ecosystems and measures of the second law effectiveness of ecosystems. Particular attention will be paid to the use of surface temperature as a way of characterizing' the organizational state of ecosystems.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a projection optical system that can cover a wide zoom range with a focusing lens group having a reduced number of constituent lenses, and to provide a projector having the same.SOLUTION: A 1-2 lens group 42, acting as a focusing lens group, has an F1 lens group comprising a single positive lens, an F2 lens group comprising a positive lens and a negative lens, and an F3 lens group comprising a single negative lens. At least the F2 lens group moves for focusing while zooming.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3


SO 2 production by yeast during alcoholic fermentation. Determinations were made of SO 2 produced during
must fermentation by 29 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . After 2 days of fermentation, only 4 reached
a 50 - 70 mg/l SO 2 production; on the 4th day only 2; and on the 7th day only 1. All proved to belong
to the low SO 2 producer category.


Abstract A simple and specific method was developed to quantitate individually the cis and trans isomers of permethrin present in forestry substrates at residue levels. Permethrin isomers were extracted from the substrates with hexane, followed by acetonitrile partition, purification by Florisil®, Nuchar SN® charcoal‐cellulose microcolumn adsorption chromatography, elution by dichloromethane and eventual quantification by gas‐liquid chromatography with electron capture detector (GLC‐EC) with a glass column (1.2 m × 2 mm i.d.) packed with 6% QF‐1 + 3% DC‐200 on 80–100 mesh Chromosorb W‐HP. The method exhibits good recovery (>80%) and reproducibility (SD <10% and C.V. <12%) for both the isomers of permethrin at fortification levels ranging from 0.05 mg/kg to 1.00 mg/kg in conifer foliage, leaf litter, forest soil, sediment and fish and from 0.05 μg/kg to 1.00 pg/kg in natural waters. Limits of detection and quantification levels are 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg respectively for terrestrial substrates, fish and sedim...


nsurance business model is uniquely different from other financial institutions. This is because its operation relies on the projection of expected future risk (claims cost) before risk can be accepted. Hence, performance this role rests on the available underwriting capacity before risk can be assumed. Cumulative underwriting capacity of insurance companies in Nigeria seems weak compared to the quantum of gross premium generated. This is evident in their inability to assume larger unexpected risks especially in energy and aviation market. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of joint underwriting capacity variables on the financial performance of non-life insurance companies in Nigeria. The study adopted correlational research design. A census of forty-one (41) non-life insurance companies operating in Nigeria as at December, 2019 were used for the study. The study made use of aggregate annual reports of all the forty-one companies operating in Nigeria over a ten year period of 2008 to 2017. The study used reserve, reinsurance utilisation and shareholders' fund as underwriting capacity variables while solvency, liquidity and profitability (ROA) were used as indicators of financial performance. The study revealed that underwriting capacity variables (reserves, reinsurance utilisation and shareholders' fund) jointly have significant impact on the financial performance of non life insurance companies in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.0054. However, the individual check of the variables showed reserve has no significant influence on the financial performance. This implies an insurance company will want to avoid depleting its reserve since it is statutory and highly regulated. The study therefore recommended that non-life insurance companies in Nigeria must strive to constantly increase their financial capabilities and strategize their underwriting tentacles when assuming risk from insuring public.


Due to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) among the population of Russia, especially in pediatric practice, it is important today to give coverage to its clinical manifestations, principles of diagnosis, management of the patients and the possibilities to prevent exacerbations and increasing severity of illness. The authors provide the reasons behind why the intermittent AR has a persistent course. The article presents the diagnostic methods recommended in the ARIA documents. The authors note the important role of tight junctions in the nasal mucosa structure in protecting a person from aeroallergens and substantiate the rationality of prescribing systemic antihistamines to treat viral and a number of other types of infection. They also provide characteristics of minimal persistent inflammation and the distinctive features of local AR. According to the authors, the rationale for the use of complex treatment is the impossibility to completely cure AR. The article lists the activities and drugs included in the therapy regimen that is defined in the ARIA documents. However, the choice of a drug prescribed to the patient should be personified. The authors substantiate the prescription of systemic antihistamines in the development of acute respiratory viral infections caused by rhinovirus and give preference to Fenistil® due to the possibility of its use at an early age from 1 month in the form of syrup and drops as the most convenient dosage forms. The benefits of Fenistil® include: the speed of onset of a drug effect and its duration, high antihistamine activity and, as a result, pronounced itch relief, as well as the absence of a cardiotoxic effect, mild sedative effect, the ability of precise dosing and reduced production of nasal secretions. A clinical case with the rationale for the systemic use of this drug is presented. It is concluded that clinical data on the high efficacy and safety of Fenistil® entitle us to believe that its use is expedient, especially in pediatric practice.


Backgrounds:
 The Get with The Guidelines (GWTG) heart failure (HF) risk score was developed in the GWTG inpatient HF registry to predict in-hospital mortality and has been recently reported to be associated with post-discharge long-term outcomes. Malnutrition is associated with poor outcome in ADHF patients. However, there is no information available on the long-term prognostic significance of the combination of GWTG-HF risk score and malnutrition in patients admitted for ADHF, relating to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

 Methods:
 We studied 303 ADHF patients discharged with survival (HFrEF(LVEF<40%); n=180, HFpEF(LVEF≥40%;n=123). At the admission, we evaluated GWTG-HF score and nutritional status. Variables required for the GWTG-HF risk score were race, age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and sodium, and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nutritional status was evaluated by Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) calculated as follows: 14.89 · serum albumin (g/dl) + 41.7 · BMI/22, and malnutrition was defined as GNRI<92. The study endpoint was cardiovascular-renal poor outcome (CVR), defined as cardiovascular death and the development of end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy.

 Results:
 During a follow-up period of 4.2±3.3 yrs, 86 patients had CVR. At multivariate Cox analysis, GWTG-HF risk score and GNRI were significantly and independently associated with CVR, in both HFrEF and HFpEF groups. The patients with both greater GWTG-HF score (>median value=35) and malnutrition had a significantly increased risk of CVR than those with either and none of them ([HFrEF] 60% vs 32% vs 16%, p<0.0001, [HFpEF] 45% vs 18% vs 12%, p<0.0001, respectively)

 Conclusion:
 Malnutrition assessed by GNRI would provide the additional long-term prognostic information to GWTG-HF risk score in patients admitted for ADHF, irrespective of the presence of reduced LV function.


Pulmonary sequestration is a congenital anomaly in which aberrant, nonfunctioning lung tissue receives its entire blood supply from the systemic circulation. Early diagnosis may be difficult because the radiographic and clinical presentation may be mimicked by other lesions, such as cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital bronchogenic cyst, pleural effusion, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or large diaphragmatic eventration. The following case is presented to describe and illustrate the sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration. To our knowledge, a case in which sonography provided the correct preoperative diagnosis has not been reported.


Background : Shoulder complex dysfunction can arise when any of its components goes for malfunction. Overhead athletes cause impingement in the shoulder due to subacromial impingement or anterior instability. Myofascial tightness is found to be the common causative mechanism for the shoulder pain, though the literatures were not detailed in considering the myofascial tightness and the management. Aims & Objective : The aim of the study was to find out the effect of myofascial release therapy with shoulder taping on subacromial impingement syndrome in collegiate basketball players. Quasi experimental pilot study with 38 collegiate basketball players who participated in the university tournaments were selected for the study. 19 players in control group were under myofascial therapy whereas 19 players in experimental group underwent shoulder taping and myofascial release therapy. Result : The outcome measures were pain and functional ability. Pain was assessed using numerical pain rating scale, and functional ability was assessed using SPADI. Unrelated 't' test was done to evaluate the effect of the treatment for pain value between groups is 13.9 with the p value <0.05% and SPADI scale was 13.8 with the p value <0.05%. The result shows that the myofascial release therapy with shoulder taping had more significant improvement than myofascial release therapy only. Conclusion : Study concludes that shoulder taping and myofascial release therapy helps in reducing pain and improvement of functional disability. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.347-351


Objective To investigate the changes of bone mineral density(BMD) at different skeletal sites in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods A total of 150 outpatients with hyperthyroidism visiting our clinic between April 2008 and November 2009 were included in the study group,and 176 people doing health checkups in our hospital during the same period were included in the control group.The age,gender,height,and weight of the subjects of the two groups matched well.The BMD at lumbar,femoral neck,distal radius of all subjects was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA).Results For premenopausal females,the subjects in the study group had lower BMD at lumbar,femoral neck,and distal radius than those in the control group.For postmenopausal females,the subjects in the study group had lower BMD at lumbar and distal radius than those in the control group.No significant difference was found in BMD at femoral neck.For males under 50 years old,the subjects in the study group had lower BMD at lumbar,femoral neck,and distal radius than those in the control group.For males aged 50 years old and above,the subjects in the study group had lower BMD at femoral neck and distal radius.The distal radius had the largest BMD change among the three sites.Conclusion Hyperthyroidism induces bone loss,and the most significant bone loss happens at the distal radius which mainly consists of cortical bone.


Sixty patients with myasthenia gravis were examined prospectively by measuring serial titers of antibodies against human acetylcholine receptor, and these were correlated with a quantitative clinical score. Serial titers of antibodies detected by the standard immunoprecipitation assay (binding antibodies) correlated with the clinical score in most patients. Antibodies blocking the binding of α-bungarotoxin to receptors (blocking antibodies) were detected in 29 patients. Serial blocking antibody titers correlated with changes in muscle weakness less often than binding antibody titers. Titers of both classes of antibodies often followed a divergent course, suggesting that the autoimmune B-cell clones that formed these classes of antibodies may have been activated asynchronously.


The scientific management of society is no closer to achievement now than it was a decade ago when systems analysis and related techniques appeared on the government scene. The only difference is that the use of these methods is prevalent; interests have become vested, experts with "systems competence" have penetrated the managerial echelons of public agencies at every level of government-federal, state, and countyand the din from the methodological bandwagon drowns out other sounds. Recalling Charles Hitch's analogy of program budgeting to Wagner's music ("It sounds better than it is"), one is tempted to extend the musical metaphor to systems analysis and to the analysts who, like Nanki-Pooh, the wandering minstrel, tune a supple song to the changing humors of the audience. With catalogue varied, e.g., the economic, the social, and the ecological, systems experts ply their wares in health, welfare, education, transportation, housing-in short, wherever funding is attractive. Review of 10 years' literature and experience with systems analytic techniques in the public sector discloses iteration and reiteration of platitudes and promises, but little improvement in either the state-of-the-art of systems analysis or of government.1 Textbooks, handbooks, readers, and compendia of papers pour off the academic and commercial press and all tell of the glorious past when operations research won the Battle of Britain and systems analysis, the Battle of the Potomac. The superimposition of the techniques onto fiscal


We present our latest progress in adopting effective electrical and optical controls to improve the performance of silicon based thin-film solar cells. By maximizing the light coupling and trapping in solar cells, component materials optimization, and effective interface engineering in single and multi-junction silicon thin-film solar cells, an initial efficiency of 13.56%, 16.07%, and 15.03% were respectively achieved for tandem (a-Si: H/μc-Si: H), triple-(a-Si: H/a-SiGe: H/μc-Si: H), and quadruple-junction ((a-Si: H/a-SiGe: H/ a-SiGe: H/μc-Si: H) silicon thin-film solar cells.


Abstract A Decision Table looking up algorithm for Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system is developed. The single-input single-output (SISO) cascade loop structure of the AGC system is analyzed first. Then the interaction between the fast Area Control Error (ACE) loop and slow inner Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG) loop is decoupled by the FLC Decision Table algorithm based on the Relation Matrix recursive algorithm. The outer AGC frequency loop is optimized for disturbance rejection, and inner BTG loop is tuned for tracking the AGC instruction with the FLC. The Decision Table algorithm for FLC with GA optimization is suitable for the nonlinear element in AGC, such as generator rate constraint (GRC) and saturation. Simulations have shown that the approach is available for the AGC system performance optimization.


The aim of the study was to assess the influence of environmental conditions on the composition of endophytic assemblages associated with fir clubmoss, Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank et Mart. This clubmoss is a cosmopolitan species widely spread in Eurasia and North America, and its gametophytes and sporophytes are colonised by endophytic fungi. Plants for this study were collected in October 2004 and between April and October 2007 from seven European sites, differing in altitude, average annual precipitation, temperature and plant community. Endophytes were isolated on PDA medium (4% potato-dextrose agar) and identified through morphological observations. Different ecological indices were calculated for each site like colonization factor, Fisher's alpha, Shannon's diversity, Morista-Horn and Jaccard's indices. Our results prove that altitude positively correlates with species diversity (Fisher's alpha) and species richness (number of species). Moreover, the similarity assessed from Jaccard's (0.66 for Larici-Piceetum sites) and Morista-Horn indices (0.77 for Juncetea trifidi sites) suggest the influence of plant community on fungal endophyte composition.


Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐induced end‐stage liver disease is the major indication for liver transplantation (LT). However, reinfection of the liver graft is still common, especially in patients with detectable viral load at the time of LT. Limited data are available on direct‐acting antivirals in the transplant setting for prevention of graft infection. The human hepatitis C immunoglobulin (HCIG) Civacir is an investigational drug that is currently being developed in an ongoing phase 3 clinical trial assessing its safety and efficacy at preventing HCV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. Using well‐characterized patient‐derived HCV variants selected during LT, we studied the molecular mechanism of action of Civacir. Inhibition of HCV infection was studied using infectious HCV models including HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) and cell culture‐derived HCV (HCVcc) containing patient‐derived viral envelope glycoproteins from 22 HCV variants isolated from patients before and after LT. The human hepatitis C immune globulin Civacir is an investigational drug that is currently being developed in an ongoing phase 3 clinical trial assessing safety and efficacy to prevent HCV recurrence after LT in the United States. Using well‐characterized patient‐derived HCV variants selected during LT, we studied the molecular mechanism of action of Civacir. Inhibition of HCV infection was studied using infectious HCV models including HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture‐derived HCV containing patient‐derived viral envelope glycoproteins from 22 HCV variants isolated from patients before and after liver transplantation. Additionally, we studied neutralization of different HCV genotypes and of direct‐acting antiviral‐resistant viruses. Our results indicate that Civacir potently, broadly, and dose‐dependently neutralizes all tested patient variants in HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture‐derived HCV assays including variants displaying resistance to host neutralizing antibodies and antiviral monoclonal antibodies. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations were independent of the phenotype of the viral variant, indicating that virus neutralization by Civacir is not affected by viral selection. Furthermore, Civacir is equally active against tested direct‐acting antiviral‐resistant HCV isolates in cell culture. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate broad neutralizing activity of Civacir against resistant viruses, likely due to synergy between anti‐HCV antibodies derived from different plasma donors, and support its further clinical development for prevention of liver graft infection. (Hepatology 2016;64:1495‐1506)


Simple Summary Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with multiple biological, molecular, and histological subtypes. Several metabolomics studies have been performed on breast cancer cells highlighting their metabolic heterogeneity with a potential impact on the efficiency of personalized therapies. In our study, we performed an untargeted metabolomic analysis of breast cancer tumors and identified a metabolic signature for high-grade invasive tumors. AUCs for both the training set and validation set were above 0.88. This result indicates that the model can distinguish high-grade and low-grade tumors with a probability of almost 90%. We also identified several biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness, such as N1,N12-diacetylspermine and tryptophan catabolites, both of which are involved in the inhibition of the immune response. Our study thus provides new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, the identified biomarkers will enable the development of new strategies for better selection of patients in different immune therapy clinical trials, and thus, for better patient management. All these findings are discussed in relation to the latest publications in the field. Abstract Purpose: Identification of metabolomic biomarkers of high SBR grade in non-metastatic breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective bicentric metabolomic analysis included a training set (n = 51) and a validation set (n = 49) of breast cancer tumors, all classified as high-grade (grade III) or low-grade (grade I–II). Metabolomes of tissue samples were studied by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results: A molecular signature of the top 12 metabolites was identified from a database of 602 frequently predicted metabolites. Partial least squares discriminant analyses showed that accuracies were 0.81 and 0.82, the R2 scores were 0.57 and 0.55, and the Q2 scores were 0.44431 and 0.40147 for the training set and validation set, respectively; areas under the curve for the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve were 0.882 and 0.886. The most relevant metabolite was diacetylspermine. Metabolite set enrichment analyses and metabolic pathway analyses highlighted the tryptophan metabolism pathway, but the concentration of individual metabolites varied between tumor samples. Conclusions: This study indicates that high-grade invasive tumors are related to diacetylspermine and tryptophan metabolism, both involved in the inhibition of the immune response. Targeting these pathways could restore anti-tumor immunity and have a synergistic effect with immunotherapy. Recent studies could not demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy, but the use of theragnostic metabolomic signatures should allow better selection of patients.


Considerable progress has been made in the field of space exploration however, no phenomenon as iconic as the moon landing has occurred ever since, giving the illusion of a stagnant progress. This research paper proves this illusion wrong. Several developments, studies and theories have been made in sending probes to celestial bodies outside our solar system and manned probes to celestial bodies within our solar system. Two of manyVARIES and VASIMR are discussed. VARIES is an interstellar rendezvous and return mission to planetary bodies. Its propulsion system consists of creating antiproton fuel from vacuum and making electron-positron pairs in presence of strong electromagnetic fields and high intensity laser fields. VASIMR, developed by the Ad Astra Rocket Company, utilizes an electromagnetic thruster employing an electric propulsion system, and plasma as propellant that is heated via radio waves or nuclear fission. A magnetic field accelerates the heated plasma through the nozzle, generating thrust.


All nuclear explosions on the Earth's surface, underground, underwater or in the atmosphere are banned by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). As part of this treaty, a verification regime was put into place to detect, locate and characterize nuclear explosion testings at any time, by anyone and everywhere on the Earth. The International Monitoring System (IMS) plays a key role in the verification regime of the CTBT. Out of the different monitoring techniques used in the IMS, the seismic waveform approach is the most effective technology for monitoring nuclear underground testing and to identify and characterize potential nuclear events.


ABSTRACT This case study describes a novel end-of-semester instructional method that ties together content between courses at three points during an entry-level occupational therapy curriculum. In these integrated curriculum event, known as the 'ICE', small groups of students work together to perform portions of the OT process in the context of a case study. Early evidence suggests that the ICE breaks down the silos between courses and fosters higher-order thinking and increasingly advanced clinical reasoning.


This work consists of the determination of emission factors of CO, CO2, THC, NOx, and PM2.5 in mass and number, which were measured locally at the metropolitan region of the Aburrá Valley to eight light duty vehicles (less than 3.5 ton), which are representative of the automotive fleet of the region. There were four gasoline and four diesel vehicles. The representative driving cycle of the region made up by ten municipalities was determinated, by means of an estocastic approach based on micro trips. This cycle was translated to a chassis dynamometer, including the road grade. It was found that older vehicles may emit up to 40, 9, 50, 20 times more NOx, CO, THC, and PM2.5, respectively, in regard to a vehicle with newer technology.


A recent trend within the automotive industry has been an emphasis on the reduction of noise future vehicle applications. This trend created a need for the development of methods to predict the noise within the vehicle environment. In particular, the development of models for the reduction of noise must be based the result that account for the dynamic property between components. The noise vehicle in driving is mostly transferred through the suspension system or created from the damper. So, the information of parameter for the damper noise is very important to characterize the vehicle noise. After the loading conditions is performed with real vehicle installing condition, this paper describes a finite element model of a damper model with the clearance between and rod guide and rattle the suspension system. The results of a study of the damper noise subjected to dynamic loading condition and rattle the suspension system. The results of a study of the damper noise subjected to dynamic loading condition are presented. Additionally, the effects of the clearance in the damper are considered and the results are displayed.


Summary About one half of Philadelphia (Ph)‐positive acute leukaemia (AL) patients and rare cases of Ph‐positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) show rearrangements within the first intron of the BCR gene on chromosome 22. We studied breakpoints within the first BCR intron in 22 adult patients with Ph‐positive leukaemia; 21 with AL and one with CML, which lacked rearrangements within the major bcr (M‐bcr). With a series of genomic probes from this intronic region, we detected chromosomal breaks in all 22 patients within the 35 kb area, corresponding almost to the 3'half portion of the intron. The breakpoints were distributed throughout this region but we could not identify any special cluster of breakpoints in this area. Our data support consistent involvement of the 3'half part of the first BCR intron in Ph‐positive leukaemias without M‐bcr rearrangement, and indicate relatively wide scattering of breakpoints in this portion of the intron.


Solar Energetic Particle events are a manifestation of violent energy release processes occurring in the solar atmosphere. The European Space Agency (ESA) has developed the Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM), which is capable of detecting SEP radiation threats for space instrumentation. In this work, SREM measurements were used to identify a number of SEP events during Solar Cycle 23. An exhaustive study to correlate these identified events to their generating sources has been attempted. We have used available space and ground based data and in particular cosmic ray data from the worldwide network of neutron monitors. Calcula- tions of the characteristics and special features of the


Rational evaluation and treatment of nasal obstructive disorders must be based on an understanding of the fundamental facts of nasal structure and function. Treatment based only on appearance or on simplistic concepts of nasal function will necessarily produce limited success. The purpose of this article is to provide a basis for understanding the range of nasal form and function. The factors contributing to obstruction will then be analyzed, and the role of rhinomanometry in assessing nasal function will be presented.


Mixed-effects models described sapwood area distribution along stems of 60 lodgepole pine and 124 western hemlock trees. The Gallant-Fuller (GF) segmented polynomial model for stem taper equations comprising three joined polynomial segments and a functional components (FC) model derived from pipe model theory containing three additive components were compared. A fixed-effects model was constructed, and then random tree effects were added. Random-effect variability was highest at the tree base for both models and species. Random variation was regressed against tree-level measurements to identify additional fixed-effects crown or height variables. All models fit well, but root mean square error was lower for pine than for hemlock and lower for the FC than the GF final fixed-effects model. Sapwood area conformed to pipe model theory assuming variable stem permeability that was associated with tree crown and total height. Pine validation data from four Alberta and two British Co-lumbia sites showed that the FC model underpredicted (9%) and the GF model overpredicted (7%) sapwood area, mainly in the lower stem. Reasonable predictions of sapwood area could be derived from ground-based or remote sensing methods, behavior and the appropriate response. Anewprocedureiscombinedwithastochasticprogrammingmodelandtestedinthis study for designing initial attack dispatch rules integrated with development of seasonal suppression resource deployment decisions to support initial attack. Historical fires are spatially simulated according to historical weather and actual fire locations to providefiresamplesthatcapturethestochasticnatureofthisproblem.Constraintsare added to a two-stage stochastic programming resource deployment and dispatch model to enforce a requirement that the same combination of bedispatchedtoallfiresinanygivendispatchcategory.Apostoptimizationprocedure is used to check the resulting solution, potentially leading to refinements of candidate solutionsbeforeamodelsolutionisaccepted.Testresultsindicatethatnotaccounting for the use of standard response dispatch rules where they are typically implemented could lead planners to underestimate initial attack resource requirements and costs.


Corresponding author: Taiguara Tupinambas. ANDRITZ Brasil Ltda, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 1420, sl 905. 30112-021 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil. Phone: +55-31-32893303. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. ABSTRACT A real-time in-line stickies, dirt and contaminant detection sensor suitable for mill environment is presented in this work. Stickies, in this context, are defined as contaminants in a pulp sample with at least one image attribute (such as translucency, hue, saturation, etc.) different from the overall sample. Measurement trends from the inline sensor were validated against existing stickies measurements in multiple paper mills before operating decisions were made entirely based on this real-time measurement. Mills where in-line stickies measurements have been implemented have, on average, been able to make process decisions 8-10 hours faster than laboratory measurements. ANDRITZ PulpVision is an in-line sensor, built on a machine learning algorithm to detect and classify contaminants in a pulp stream. Another mode of PulpVision is to measure fiber morphology and shives in pulp. This application is essential for monitoring pulp quality and performance of unit operations such as refiners. Detection accuracy is not affected by the presence of bubbles, flocculation, and consistency variation in pulp samples. A trial using PulpVision was conducted throughout an old corrugated container (OCC) plant to generate profiles of stickies and dirt. It was found that in this specific recycling line, Primary fine screens (PFS) were tested to be inefficient for stickies removal, while cleaners did not play a positive role in dirt removal. This stickies sensor is tested to be powerful to provide real-time feedback of the equipment performance in paper recycling plants.


In 2009, Geography Compass published a paper on 'The Geopolitics of Global Energy Security' that reviewed research on the key geographical factors influencing the secure and af-fordable supply of energy resources. Now, just over a decade later, the energy landscape is undergoing a dramatic transformation, and the focus is no longer on fossil fuel scarcity. Rather, this is an age of fossil fuel abundance and the emphasis is on the need to decarbonise the global energy system, constrain the production of fossil fuels and accelerate the deployment of low-carbon energy technologies. We con-ceive energy system transformation as a twofold process: a set of 'high-carbon' energy transitions related to phasing out fossil fuel consumption, 'low-carbon' energy transitions related to the emergence of new renewable energy and other low-carbon technologies. This paper reviews the past decade's research that examines the nature and pace of energy system transformation, as well as that which identifies a range of geopolitical challenges associated with these two transitions. The paper concludes by advocating for a 'whole systems' approach to energy geopolitics that captures the critical interactions between the two transitions in a global framework.


Acute Promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by typical morphological features, t(15;17) translocation and active response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in the great majority of patients. However, a subset of APL cases may present with atypical phenotypic, cytogenetic or molecular features at different stages of the disease. The biological and clinical significance of these features sometimes remains obscure [1]. Amongst APL patients with atypical cytogenetic features, in addition to t(15;17), other chromosome abnormalities are also found either at the time of diagnosis or at relapse, with the incidence ranging from 29% to 43% in previous reports. Trisomy 8 was the most frequent secondary change reported in many studies [2]. Although t(15;17) is considered to be a favorable cytogenetic feature, however, the prognostic significance of additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACA) in APL has remained a matter of debate.


FOR this month's Editor's Choice selection, I chose a manuscript by Suo et al. (this issue, page 250). The authors investigated in animal models for different tumor types the incidence and frequency of so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCc) by in vivo flow cytometry (1). This technology allows measuring and quantitating cells in the blood stream of live animals for days or even for months and requires a specific (fluorescence) signal for the CTC detection. Present day techniques, in contrast, need CTC isolation from peripheral blood for clinical diagnosis or research (2). This hampers longitudinal analysis in individual small animals. By in vivo flow cytometry, single cells and also cell aggregates in the bloodstream can be identified and distinguished from one another. In their new findings, the authors report they can observe in vivo CTC clusters, which are a subset of all CTCs. These clusters have been known for a few years and it seems that they harbor the highest metastatic potential. Although their genesis is not unequivocally solved yet, it seems as if they stem from segregated tumor cells clusters of the original tumor. Suo et al. now found that with increasing time and tumor load not only the absolute number but also the frequency of clusters on all tumor cells increases from sub 10% value to up to 40%, showing that with time the metastatic potential of a tumor is growing. I want also briefly to highlight among all the fascinating publications of this March issue those dealing with improving quality and reproducibility of cytometric cell analysis for reproducible science and clinical cell analysis. This was addressed by several of my recent editorials (3). Here we publish three that deal with the instrumentation, the assays or the data analysis. The work of Parks et al. (this issue, page 232) is dealing with automating the quality control of flow cytometry performance by LEDs and beads, another is on improved standardization of basophil activation tests by Depince-Berger et al. (this issue, page 261), and the third on automation of SPADE analysis of complex cytometry data by Qiu (this issue, page xxx). Regarding SPADE, I also would like to draw your attention to a publication from last year by the FlowCAP consortium dealing with the automated analysis of highly complex clinical cytometry data (4). I hope you enjoy this month's issue.


With the strategy of sustainable development being carried out and the development of city ecology-economy, large-medium cities shift to develop urban industry,Urban tourism is the optimal industry form to promote economic development. Compared with traditional industries, urban tourism meets the requirement of sustainable development and environment protection, provides more employment opportunities and higher economic and social output, and is more suitable to be developed in cities.


Abstract: Resource potential utilization in sacred groves of Visakhapatnam District, located in Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh harbour rich plant diversity. The primitive tribal communities living in and around the sacred groves are endowed with rich traditional botanical knowledge pertaining to medicinal values of plant species. In the present study, we documented 122 vascular plant species of medicinal value used by the tribes. The paper deals with the resource potential utilization of the species. Over-exploitation and unscientific collection of some medicinal plants threatening the resource and warrants sustainable harvesting by the local communities.


The paper reviews and analyses the recent research and development of aeroengine fuel control systems.The technical features,the technical mode selection and the research trend of main fuel control,afterburner fuel control,nozzle control,anti-surge control and engine condition monitoring system are discussed.Recently great progresses have been acheived in the areas of aeroengine fuel and control systems,especially in terms of the research and application of Full Authority Digital Electronic Control System (FADEC) technology.The development of above technology proves that the aeroengine fuel control system is very important for the modern aeroengine in the future.


ATTITUDE TOWARDS VOCATIONAL BAKERY TRAINING AND GAIN IN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BAKERY ITEMS WITH REFERENCE TO EX-TRAINEES OF SCHOOL OF BAKING, ANAND OF GUJARAT STATE Name of the student Major advisor KH. AKOISANA SINGH DR. N.R.PATEL Plato feels "good vocacional training is necessary to make man better than he is". We may add that this kind of training not only determines the level of prosperity of the nation but also gives the training of the mind to think and judge of "what is of true value" and "what is of false value". Among various vocational training, the vocational bakery training as a sub-branch of food and science technology becomes the important as it produces different bakery based fast food items. The need of the hour, therefore, is to produce the good trainees from this kind of institution. These trainees are "the architect" of the forthcoming prospects of food and. science technology. The socierv^ has many expectations from him for producing good bakery items. In Gujarat, the four school of baking's were rimning imder tlie Gujarat Agricultural Universit)-, um-t fcsai, is the oldest one. Trainees belonged to different districts of the state and different states of tlie country'were taking admission in this training centre and relatedly it had produced a number of trainees during the past of this few years. There are also the possibility of increasing the quantity of the trainee production from this training institution. Keeping in view of these importances, the present study entided as "ATTITUDE TOWARDS VOCATIONAL BAKERY TRAINING AND GAIN IN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BAKERY ITEMS WITH REFERENCE TO EX-TRAINEES OF SCHOOL OF BAKING, ANAND OF GUJARAT STATE" was undertaken with the following objectives. OBJECTIVES 1. To study the characteristics of the ex-trainees of school of baking ^ 2 . To study the attitude of the ex-trainees of school of baking towards vocational bakery training 3. To study the gain in knowledge by the ex-trainees of school of baking about bakery items 4. To know the relationship between the characteristics of the respondents and their attitude towards vocational bakery training 5. To study the relationship between the characteristics of the respondents and their gain in knowledge about bakery items 6. To find out the efficiency of training about the coverage and utiUty of bakery training coiuse contents. In order to achieve the above stated objectives, the present study was carried on the ex-trainees of school of baking, Anand. The ex-trainees from this training institution i.e., starting from the first batch (61") of ,1995 to the first batch {66"') of 1998 were undertaken as the total population of the study. The total number of population was 166. Of this total population, 10 extrainees were excluded as they were pre-tested. Thus all the respondents i.e., 156 were selected for the study at the initial stage. Out of this 156 respondents, 106 respondents resided nearby Kheda and Vadodara districts were done personal contacts and distributed interview schedules, but only 91 responses were obtained. Fifty respondents of neighbouring districts were contacted through mailed questionnaires. Out of this 50 mailed questionnaires, 20 were returned back. Out of this 20 returned filled-up questionnaires, the 6 were rejected for incomplete information and the other 3 were discarded for returning without any receive due to unavailable of their whereabouts and therefore 11 were taken into the study. Thus, finally 102 (91+11) respondents were taken for the study. The data were collected by the investigator from the V week of June, 1998 to the last week of August, 1998. To measure the ex-trainees' attitude towards vocational bakery training, the attitude scale developed by Rao (1986) widi some modifications were used in this study. To measure the gain in knowledge about bakery items, the teacher made test based on the scale developed by Bloom ef ai. (1959) was used with some modifications. A ranking technique based on mean score was applied to measure the efficiency of training about the coverage and utility of the training coiurse contents. Correlation coefficient was computed for identification of associationship between the selected characteristics of the ex-trainees of the training and the dependent variables. The direct effect, total indirect effect and


An algorithm for choosing the number of quadrature nodes before calculation of a view factor is proposed. Simple criterion is introduced that allows one to estimate the error in the computed view factor. The algorithm allows one to save much computation time by always using the minimum number of nodes for each pair of surface zones and insures a desired accuracy. The algorithm is applied for model of a continuous furnace and is compared with a standard method which uses predefined number of nodes at each surface. The proposed algorithm is many times faster and also more accurate than the standard one.


Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) is indispensable as a fundamental factor to regulate blood pressure. In this paper, we want to introduce our studies about the role played by RAA in maintenance and variation of blood pressure. When an anesthetized normal dog which showed an intermediate blood pressure at 120 mmHg underwent bilateral adrenalectomy, his systemic blood pressure lowered to 100 mmHg (one side removed) and 70 mmHg (both sides removed), respectively. At this time, a rapid increase in renin release from both kidneys was considered to constitute the mechanism to prevent shock state. After removing both kidneys, his blood pressure showed an extremely low level (50 mmHg) which has been maintained (Fig. 1). In bilateral adrenalectomized dogs, renin release from kidneys increased promptly (within 20 minutes) and maintained the same level after 4 hours. In the dogs with unilateral renal artery constriction, the renin release showed the maximum increase in one hour and maintained the level after 6 hours instead of a significant rise of blood pressure. In the acute stage (1 st 5th week) of Goldblatt's rats, renin content of kidneys on the constricted side showed the maximum increase during the 1 st•`2 nd week and was followed by a somewhat decreased level in the 5 th week, in comparison with the 1st•`2nd week. The one on the contralateral side decreased gradually from the 1 st to 5th week. Urinary aldosterone showed a variation paralleled with the value of renin contents in bilateral kidneys (Fig. 2). Removing a kidney with constricted artery after the 5th week, blood pressure and urinary aldosterone came back to the nearly normal level immediately. One has no consistent opinion yet about RAA in the chronic stage of Goldblatt's rats. We attempted to perform the experiments in this point. From these experiments, Goldblatt's rats in the 4th-5th and the 18 th month which maintained high blood pressure showed still a high renin level in a constricted kidney and secondary increased urinary aldosterone as an acute stage (Fig. 3). On the other hand, we studied changes in renin release responding to the intrinsic factor in kidneys of dogs. When a clamp was set on abdominal aorta above the junction of renal


Traditional iterative learning control has shown its advantage in precise trajectory tracking for periodic motion. In this paper, we propose an improved iterative learning control to solve a kind of quasi-periodic trajectory tracking problem. We carry out the learning algorithm in the frequency domain, where a simplified model of the quadrotor and feedback controller are used. Besides, a pre-compensation strategy is introduced to reduce the steady error of the tracking. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Magnetic properties of FeTaN and FeTaC films deposited by DC magnetron reactive sputter were investigated, and correlated with their microstructures. The optimum magnetic properties of Hc : 0.25 Oe, Bs : 14.5 kG, and μ' : 4000 (5㎒) are observed in the Fe_(78.8)Ta_(8.5)N_(12.7) film, and Hc : 0.25 Oe, Bs : 14.5 kG, and μ' : 2700 (5㎒) in the Fe_(75.6)Ta_(8.1)C_(16.3) film. In both FeTaN and FeTaC films with minimum grain size show the best soft magnetic properties. Thermal stability of the soft magnetic properties of FeTaN is found to be higher than FeTaC for similar compositons. TaN and TaC particles form to retard the growth of α-Fe grains. TaN particles in FeTaN films show higher efficiency in retarding the grain growth during heat treatments resulting the higher thermal stability, compared to TaC particles in FeTaC films.


CSR discourse (Corporate Social Responsibility) emerged as an effort to built corporate responsibility to the social neighborhood. Accidentally temporal CSR practices rise the stereotype and skepticism of its worked by some ecologists. This paper attempts to reposition CSR in Indonesia as the scutum protecting entity of corporate exploitation. Through an ecopolitical study inspired by Piers Blake's work and concludes with the ethics of care developed by Carol Gilligan, this paper extend the interpretation of CSR as a 'zoon politicon' that demands the transformation of its role and practices in symbiotic mutualism with their neighborhood.


For echolocation of CF-FM bats, the CF component is expected to detect wing-beat of flying insects. However, it also plays an important role to serve as a stable signal carrier from a distant target. Then, once the carrier frequency is removed, echo signal can be easily detected. For this purpose, Doppler-shift compensation and echo amplitude compensation must be conducted to stabilize the signal carrier. What about the FM bats? FM bats also appear to utilize a relatively long pseudo-CF component to detect wing-beats of flying insects. They might also utilize pseudo-CF component for an echo signal carrier. However, Doppler-shift compensation in FM bats has not been reported. In the inferior colliculus, majority of neurons are tuned to the pseudo-CF frequency, 20 kHz for Eptesicus fuscus while 40 kHz for Pipistrellus abramus, which are corresponding to the terminal frequencies of downward FM sweep. Overrepresentation of a particular frequency may enhance frequency discrimination, detection of insect wing-b...


This article deals with equestrian ammunition items found near the burial mound of the 21 Filipovka I burial ground in the Orenburg region in order to establish the time of construction of this burial mound. The burial mound Filippovka I was a necropolis of the social elite of nomads who inhabited the steppes of the Southern Urals in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The richness of the funerary inventory and the complexity of the ritual actions performed during the erection of the burial mounds make it possible to study many aspects of the history and culture of these tribes. This determines the importance of a comprehensive study of the materials of this burial ground. Equipping a horse includes four bronze objects: two bridle plaques, check-piece and headband decoration bridle were found around the barrow 21 Filippovka I burial ground. Some of these items have close analogies among the details of equine ammunition from the Scythian monuments of the Black Sea North Littoral, dated by import items. The analogies that exist among the Scythian antiquities allow us to date the burial mound of the burial ground of Filippovka I during the time of the 4th century BC. The presence of such things as a headband in the form of a griffin head and a bridle plaque in the form of a wolf's head fixes the existence of the cultural interaction of nomads who left the burial ground of Filippovka I with the western Scythian world of the Northern Black Sea Coast


Objective: To determine the probability, frequency, length of stay, and Medicare costs of hospitalization of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized patients with AD at various stages of dementia. Methods: The authors analyzed the 1991 to 1995 Medicare records of 420 CERAD patients with AD, a group which, at entry, had no serious comorbidities. They were geographically distributed across the United States and observed for a median of 2.5 years. Repeated measures logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used to model the probability of hospitalization. Among those hospitalized, the general linear mixed model was used to determine number of admissions, length of stay, and Medicare cost. Demographic characteristics and calendar date were controlled in all analyses. Results: As dementia worsened, the probability of hospitalization increased among patients living at home, but decreased among those who were institutionalized. Number of admissions, length of stay, and cost also decreased significantly as stage worsened among the institutionalized patients, but the stage of dementia had no effect in non-institutionalized patients. Conclusion: The hospitalization experience of patients with AD living at home differs from that of patients with AD living in institutions. Residential setting appears to be an important determinant of hospitalization in patients with AD.


Assistance and guidance to the engineering author should be provided by his firm through a well-organized professional papers routine administered by a group which reviews papers, secures approvals for publication, and advises the author on both the technical and literary-graphics aspects of presentation or publication. Such a program can pay off in better talks and papers, resulting in good publicity for the firm as well as providing an incentive for potential authors.