We experimentally show that terahertz (THz) waves confined in sub-10 nm metallic gaps can detect refractive index changes caused by only a 1 nm thick (∼λ/106) dielectric overlayer. We use atomic layer lithography to fabricate a wafer-scale array of annular nanogaps. Using THz time-domain spectroscopy in conjunction with atomic layer deposition, we measure spectral shifts of a THz resonance peak with increasing Al2O3 film thickness in 1 nm intervals. Because of the enormous mismatch in length scales between THz waves and sub-10 nm gaps, conventional modeling techniques cannot readily be used to analyze our results. We employ an advanced finite-element-modeling (FEM) technique, Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) scheme, for full three-dimensional modeling of the resonant transmission of THz waves through an annular gap that is 2 nm in width and 32 μm in diameter. Our multiscale 3D FEM technique and atomic layer lithography will enable a series of new investigations in THz nanophotonics that has not b...


Among the environmental variations in the surface layers of the Earth, global warming and those involving multisphere interactions in the polar region are reviewed with scientific research funding. By focusing on the wavelet phenomena with various generating sources within the Earth's system, interdisciplinary research studies are conducted on the influences and responses to climate change in the polar region.


A new organoammonium disphosphopentamolybdate with the formula (C6H18N2)3[P2Mo5O23] · 4H2O was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, thermal study, IR spectra and UV spectra. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P‐1 with a=11.1498(15) Å, b=11.1843(15) Å, c=17.973(3) Å, α=95.983(2)°, β=101.143(2)°, γ=96.991(2)°, V=2163.8(5) Å3, Z=2, and R1=0.0385. The structure of heteropoly anion [P2Mo5O23]6− consists of five MoO6 octahedra and two PO4 tetrahedra. The octahedra form a pentagonal ring by sharing four edges and one corner. The PO4 tetrahedra are attached each one to one side of the ring by three oxygen atoms. The anions are arranged in layers and the interactions between anions are established through hydrogen contacts that involve water molecules and hexanediammonium cations.


The life cycle of the sweet-potato weevil, Cylas formicarius var. elegantulus , was determined. All the stages of the insect were observed and the duration of each one was determined. The life cycle of the insect had the following average duration in days per stage: egg, 7.7; larva, 28.0; pupa, 7.2; preadult, 4.4; adult, 42.5. The life cycle from egg to adult had an average duration of 47.3 days.


The past decade has seen significant advances in the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically refractory epileptic seizures. These advances result in less invasive or noninvasive evaluation in a high proportion of candidates for epilepsy surgery, due to the use of highresolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), and probably also to magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetoencephalogra-


Introduction - general introduction, U. Haller history of photomedicine, P. Wyss features of photodynamic techniques - diagnostics and therapeutics, P. Wyss. Basics - characteristics of different photosensitizers, S. Kimel et al localisation and dynamics of photosensitizers, A. Ruck et al light and chemistry of polyatomic organic molecules, P. Suppan photobleaching and photodynamic effect of protoporphyrin IX, M.-T. Wyss-Desserich et al photoproduct formation during porphyrin photodynamic therapy, K. Konig optical dosimetry for photodynamic therapy, L.O. Svaasand et al non-invasive characterisation of tissue optical properties using frequency domain photon migration, B.J. Tromberg et al fluorescence microscopy for pharmacokinetics, T.B. Krasieva correlation of tissue fluorescence and photodynamic effect, M.F. Grahn et al mitochondria as targets for the induction of apoptosis in photodynamic therapy, C. Richter cellular effects of photodynamic therapy with clinical relevance, T. Patrice et al. Endometrium - introduction, P. Wyss et al preclinical studies - photodynamic therapy in the rat and rabbit endometrium with various photosensitizers - pharmacokinetic, histological and reproductive studies, R.A. Steiner et al pharmacology and toxicology of 5-aminolevulinic acids and protoporphyrin IX used for photodynamic endometrial ablation in primates and nonprimates, P. Wyss photodynamic endometrial ablation in nonhuman primates, D.A. Van Vugt et al use of ALA-PDT for endometrial ablation in the treatment of menorrhagia - first clinical trials, S.B. Brown et al pharmacokinetics of ALA in human uterine tissue, M.K. Fehr et al photodynamic endometrial ablation - morphological abed functional results, P. Wyss et al a light distributor for photodynamic endometrial ablation, R. Bays et al intrauterine light probe for uterine photodynamic therapy, Y. Tadir et al. (Part contents).


A technology for finishing the water-, oil-and dirt repellent polyester fabric includes such steps as preparing the finishing liquid from organofluorine composite nano material dispersed liquid and flexible-type self-crosslinking adhesive, dipping it in the finishing liquid for 0.5-1 min, squeezing, prebaking at 100-110 deg.C for 1-2 min, and baking at 130-180 deg.C for 3-5 min. Its advantages are excellent "three repelling" function, better durability and high washing resistance.


This study has been dedicated to counter-terrorism forces which form part of the Police Force. Its officers deal with physical neutralisation of terror threats and they take part in fighting against organised crimes on the Slovak Republic territory. The material also addresses the issue of special use of firearms by operators and police sharpshooters who perform their daily duty in specialized counter-terrorism units. The study has been prepared within the framework of the realization of international scientific and research project implemented under the Horizon 2020-FCT-2015 operational programme, No: 700688, entitled: Understand the Dimensions of Organized Crime and Terrorist. Networks for Developing Effective and Efficient Security Solutions for First-Line-Practitioners and Professionals.


The question of ecological safety level decreasing within the West Polesie protected territories that concern changes in hydrological conditions driven by intensification of the influence of climate changes and anthropogenic loads, has been considered in the paper. Statistical analysis and field instrumental measurements were used for estimation the influence of regional climate on hydrological conditions within the territory. According to bathymetry surveys and geoinformation analysis results, the siltation degree of the deepest hollows of Svitiaz Lake was estimated. Hypotheses concerning the ways of underground water supply as well as the reasons for water level decreasing in the Lake were formulated, taking into account climatic conditions within the West Polesie territory: the lake is filled by infiltration of water from aquifers through permeable rocks; water infiltration occurs not only within the fault of Lake Svityaz, but also in its flatter part; significant intensity of trajectories (water streams) within the fault allows us to conclude that the main filling of the lake occurs within this part due to the opening of permeable rocks, which contributes to a more intensive release of groundwater.


An experimental scheme for producing a four-photon entangled W state directly from the parametric down-conversion of a two-crystal geometry is proposed. In our scheme, only linear optical elements and photon detectors are required. Sophisticated and fragile interferometric setups are unnecessary.


A new method for retrieving atmospheric-thermodynamic variables from satellite vertical sounding observations is presented. This approach relies on multi-layer neural networks


Background—A T-cell–mediated inflammatory response occurs in the microcirculation during acute hypercholesterolemia. The objective of this study was to define the contribution of T-lymphocyte–derived interferon-&ggr; (IFN-&ggr;) to the leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion induced by hypercholesterolemia. Methods and Results—Intravital videomicroscopy was used to quantify the adhesion and emigration of leukocytes and oxidant stress (dihydrorhodamine [DHR] oxidation) in cremasteric venules. Wild-type (WT), IFN-&ggr;−/−, and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were placed on either a normal (ND) or high-cholesterol (HC) diet for 2 weeks. WT-HC mice exhibited exaggerated adhesion and emigration of leukocytes and enhanced DHR oxidation compared with WT-ND. The exaggerated adhesion responses and increased DHR oxidation were not seen in IFN-&ggr;−/−–HC mice. SCID-HC mice also exhibited attenuated inflammatory responses compared with WT-HC. Reconstitution of either SCID-HC or IFN-&ggr;−/−–HC mice with WT-HC splenocytes restored the inflammatory responses, whereas reconstitution of SCID-HC with IFN-&ggr;−/−–HC splenocytes did not. The HC-induced oxidant stress was restored in IFN-&ggr;−/−–HC mice reconstituted with WT-HC splenocytes. Conclusions—These findings implicate IFN-&ggr; as a cause of the inflammatory phenotype that is assumed by the microvasculature of hypercholesterolemic mice and suggest that T lymphocytes are a major source of this proinflammatory cytokine.


Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize recommendations for the safe and efficient conductance of sedation and anesthesia at remote locations; and to define safety standards, monitoring techniques, quality of care and procedural eligibility. Recent findings Anesthesia outside of the operating room is rapidly increasing in numbers, which has seen a growth of older and sicker patients. These circumstances have created a need for guidelines, for both specialist anesthesia providers and nonanesthesia-trained practitioners, that define patient selection, minimum monitoring (hemodynamics and respiration), facility design and equipment, policy framework, recovery facilities and policies. The patient's safety throughout all stages of sedation and/or anesthesia is the most pertinent goal. Recent data emphasize the importance of monitoring pulse oximetry and end-tidal carbon dioxide for any sedating or anesthetic procedure. Substandard monitoring combined with oversedation and subsequent respiratory depression are implicated as the main reasons for catastrophic sedation and anesthetic outcomes at remote locations. Summary Patient selection, procedure appropriateness and location appropriateness are the key elements defining the provision of safe anesthesia care outside the operating room. Titratable, short-acting intravenous drugs are preferred such as propofol and remifentanil.


Objective To explore the relationship between blood pressure parameters and cognitive impairment in elderly people.Methods 890 retired workes of Kailuan Coal Mine were surveyed with questionnaires.The cognitive function was evaluated by mini-mental state examination(MMSE).222 cognitive impairment patients were categorized as case group,668 healthy subjects served as control group.Blood pressure and the related indexs were determined.Results The systolic blood pressure(SBP),pulse pressure(PP)and pulse pressure index(PPI)in the case group were higher than control group(all P0.05)with lower diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(P0.05).Linear regression analysis showed SBP,PP and PPI were positively related with the morbidity of cognitive impairment(P0.05),with DBP negatively related with the morbidity of cognitive impairment(P0.05).Conclusion Increases in SBP,PP,PPI and decreases in DBP were associated with cognitive impairment.


Introduction This paper intends to propose a thinking about art and science as different manifestations of human culture. Objective and Method Goal of this paper, through analysis and observation, is to underline how art and science are interpenetrated so as to interface, inspire and influence each other. [1] (Arieti S., Creativita. La Sintesi Magica. Il Pensiero Scientifico, Italy, 1979) Intuition is what promotes and moves art and science. this is the basis of creativity and man, through him, supposes and glimpses reality by giving it shape. This work also intends to demonstrate how the artist is often a forerunner of sociocultural values (Fusco-Tomassoni) Topic This paper concerns mental mechanisms, which underlie the work of artists and scientists and show both an analogy between science and art, and their common origin with the elaboration of abstract thought and the sophisticated representation of the world. Conclusion In conclusion, if the scientific version of the world has significantly influenced art in general and, even more literature, the literary work of art, as Italo Calvino states, would be the map of the world and of science. In the same way art has influenced science, for example Gould, in elaborating the concept of "contingency" and its role in the structure of biological evolution, was inspired by the structure of the dome of the Basilica of San Marco in Venice. Moreover, art and science often capture the spirit of the times in unison and, especially the artist, can be a forerunner of socio-cultural values by sensing new realities, out of their own time, but in any case by making a synthesis between conscious and unconscious. A ciociarian artist of the twentieth century, a certain Michele Rosa, expresses the figuration of the unconscious and the irrational, he senses the historical and cultural development of peoples. through informal painting, in fact, this artist, anticipating the times, shifts attention to the negative consequences of pathogens, such as viruses, long before what would have been the current Covid-19 pandemic.


Because characteristics of diversity, large-scale and unpredictability of disaster are very difficult to make predict of disaster, rapid disaster response activity is important to reduce damage from disaster. Therefore emergency communication technology is essential to information sharing between field personnel in the field. Because the heterogeneous radios defined as some of 100MHz VHF, 400MHz UHF, and 800MHz emergency communication RF band are used in Korea, the field personnels need to have multiple radios. In order to use one radio per personnel, radio voice intercommunication is very necessary. We study on modular 3-Band RF to communicate between heterogeneous radios through single multi-band antenna and verify scalable of the number of equipped radios.


Combined with practice of glass screen wall construction of integrated office build in Henan Institute of Electric Power Measure Design,it propounds productive quality control measures of glass screen wall installation construction on the scene.


Organic cotton production continues to increase yearly. From 1998 to 2002, organic cotton production in California rose from 5,000 to 40,000 acres. The latter acreage meant an estimated reduction of some 12.5 millions pounds of agrochemicals. One company that has furthered the cause of the environment and sustainable cotton production by using organic cotton is Patagonia, the outdoor clothing and equipment manufacturer. Patagonia in the early 1990s began using recycled and paper from non-tree sources for their million-plus circulation mail order catalogs. The company founder, Yvon Chouinard, switched the company to organic cotton, after seeing the environmental damage from non-sustainable Californian cotton production. The company conducted a major education program to communicate the importance of organic agriculture to the entire staff and wholesale customers. In 1996, Patagonia introduced a 100% organically grown cotton sportswear line. Steps were also implemented to allow for the higher price of using 100% organic fibers. Nike also uses some organic cotton (3%) in their T shirts. You can learn much more about organic cotton production and other aspects at the Organic Cotton Site at: http://www.sustainablecotton.org/index.html.


Golgi oxidative stress is signi fi cantly associated with the occurrence and progression of hypertension. Notably, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is directly proportional to the degree of Golgi oxidative stress. Therefore, based on a novel Golgi-targeting phenylsulfonamide group, we developed a two-photon (TP) fl uorescent probe, Np-Golgi, for in situ H 2 O 2 ratiometric imaging in living systems. The phenylsulfonamide moiety e ff ectively assists Np-Golgi in the precise location of Golgi apparatus. In addition, the raw material of phenylsulfonamide is easily available, and chemical modi fi cation is easily implemented. By application of Np-Golgi, we explored the generation of H 2 O 2 during Golgi oxidative stress, and also successfully revealed increases on the levels of Golgi H 2 O 2 in the kidneys of mice with hypertension. This work provides an ideal tool to monitor Golgi oxidative stress for the fi rst time and novel drug targets for the future treatment of hypertension.


Sir.—Growth velocity charts are often used to indicate changes in growth rates over short periods. Eager investigators have a special nurse make a number of measurements in children with growth failure, using a stadiometer every 2 to 3 months after treatment with a hormone, a vitamin, or a special diet, perhaps given by a feeding tube, has been initiated. These measurements are then extrapolated and used with growth velocity standards such as those published by Tanner and Davies.1 The problem rests with the length of the interval between measurements. Let us assume that they are obtained every 3 months. Growth velocity data are published in centimeters per year. The investigator simply multiplies the result by 4. This also multiplies observer bias and measurement error by 4. Here is a hypothetical example. The measurements in the tabulation below were obtained during a year in which a child would grow


The DOAS system is a synthetical system that combines optics mechanics electricity and computer technologies in it. The Multi-Path DOAS system that we developed is of great sensibility and lower measure limits. Advanced controlling and signal detection technology are applied in the system. This paper briefly summarizes the principle and the realization ofthe electrical control and signal detection in DOAS system


The present paper focuses on the historical development and current situation of lexicology course for English majors in Chinese universities and colleges by reviewing the foreign language education history and national guidelines and surveying the internet-based data of programs for English majors.Results indicate that this course,dated back to the late 1950s,has been designed as a selective course for senior English majors with 2 periods per week in one semester.The investigation also reveals that in a few programs this course is characterized by refining its learning content or shifting the course to an earlier time,the scope of learner is narrowed and the type of course is blurred.


To improve coverage and performance in the CDMA as well as in MC-CDMA network, the simulation model and an evaluation method for the smart antenna system in the CDMA system is presented. Here the data service users as well as the voice services users are considered. The proposed method that can show the impact of smart antenna system on the Ec/Io coverage area and radius also presented as function of antenna type and beamwidth.The performance improvements are remarkable in the smart antenna systems. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of Average Ec/Io, Area, Radius, Ec/Io Difference, Throughput with Number of users per sector. Both results are discussed based on various parameters like flat urban type morphology, Okumura Model for omni directional antennas air link, orthogonality factor and antenna beam width.


By means of circuit simulation, hardware of electronic control unit (ECU) of high pressure common-rail electronic control fuel system for diesel engine is designed. According to the system requirements for hardware of ECU, signal-processing circuit of variable reluctance (VR) sensor, filter circuit for input signal, high voltage power circuit and driver and protection circuit of solenoid are simulated as emphases. Difficulties of wide scope of VR sensor output signal, efficiency of high voltage power and reliable and swift driver of solenoid are solved. The results of simulation show that the hardware meets the requirement of the fuel system. At the same time, circuit simulation can greatly increase quality of the design, alleviate design labor and shorten design time.


We consider points that are near best for rational interpolation with prescribed poles in the same sense that Chebyshev points are near best for polynomial interpolation. It is shown that these interpolation points satisfy an electrostatic equilibrium problem involving the fixed poles and certain 'ghost' poles. This problem is closely related to Lamé equations with residues of mixed sign.


Objective
To summarize the clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of three patients with caveolin-3 associated myopathy and review the literatures.

Methods
The clinical data of three patients with caveolin-3 associated myopathy were investigated. With informed consent, we performed muscle biopsy and genetic analysis of CAV3 and PTRF genes.

Results
All the three patients presented with percussion/pressure-induced rapid contraction, percussion-induced muscle mounding and mechanically induced muscle rippling. Besides, case 1 had weakness and atrophy of hand muscles. Case 2, who manifested with muscle hyperexcitability at onset, developed weakness and atrophy of distal part of lower limbs. Case 3 showed normal muscle strength and tone. All of them had myalgia or tenderness. Muscle biopsy revealed mild myogenic changes in two patients and a muscular dystrophic pattern in one. Immunohistochemical staining of caveolin-3 revealed an even deficiency in case 1 and a mosaic deficiency in cases 2 and 3. Gene analysis revealed a missense mutation (c.80G>A, p. R27Q) in CAV3 gene of case 1. No mutations were identified in cases 2 and 3.

Conclusions
There is phenotypic variability in patients with caveolin-associated myopathy, including limb-girdle syndrome, rippling muscle disease, distal myopathy, muscle hypertrophy, idiopathic hyperCKemia and cardiomyopathy. Muscle biopsy and caveolin-3 staining should be performed for the above patients with muscle rippling.

Key words:
Muscular dystrophies; Muscular diseases; Muscle rippling; Caveolin 3


Through analysing the climatic resources of Hebei province and considering the rainfall and the surface runoff, we made a moisture correction on the basis of the light and heat productive potentialities model proposed by former research workers. The climatic productive potentialities in every area of Hebei province was also calculated and the distribution map was drawn. They are available for reference in agricultural production development.


Nafion‐1,2,3‐triazole blend membranes were prepared by autoclave (AC) solution processing mixing of Nafion® solution (5% solution in 1‐ and 2‐propanol and H2O) and 1,2,3‐triazole. The blend membranes were very flexible, transparent, homogeneous, and stable even after boiling in water and treatment in 1 M H2SO4. FTIR and NMR results suggested that 1‐ and 2‐propanol of Nafion solution reacted with 1,2,3‐triazole under the catalytic effect of the Nafion's acid side chain. I–V performance of blend membranes was tested using a single membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cell. The cell performance of Nafion‐5 wt.% 1,2,3‐triazole blend membrane was higher than that of the Nafion 112 at cell temperatures over 100 °C indicating that it is possible to use Nafion‐1,2,3‐triazole blend membrane as an electrolyte for high temperature PEMFCs.


Furthering the understanding of materialism has been of paramount concern to both consumer researchers and policymakers over the past several years. This paper examines the relationships between materialism, conspicuous consumption, impulse buying, and brand loyalty, as examining material-centric behavior is becoming evermore important in a consumption-based economy. This study first examines these constructs in detail and proposes hypotheses, then through the use of structural equation modeling, explores how materialism positively relates to conspicuous consumption, impulse buying, and brand loyalty utilizing survey data from over 500 respondents residing in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Managerial and consumer-oriented implications are discussed as we call for marketing managers to pay closer attention to societal outcomes stemming from the use of traditional marketing strategies.


Blockchain, a promising technology that has matured and nowadays is widely used in many fields, such as supply chain management, smart grids, agriculture and logistics, has also been proposed for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) ecosystem to enhance the protection of the data that roadside units and vehicles exchange. Blockchain technology can inherently guarantee the availability, integrity and immutability of data stored in IoV, yet it cannot protect privacy and data confidentiality on its own. As such, solutions that utilise this technology have to consider the adoption of privacy-preserving schemes to address users' privacy concerns. This paper provides a literature review of proposed solutions that provide different vehicular services using blockchain technology while preserving privacy. In this context, it analyses existing solutions' main characteristics and properties to provide a comprehensive and critical overview and identifies their contribution in the field. Moreover, it provides suggestions to researchers for future work in the field of privacy-preserving blockchain-enabled solutions for vehicular networks.


This article focuses on the refugee crisis as it has been experienced in the Republic of Macedonia. On 23 April 2015 on the railroad connecting Gevgelija (a town on the Greek-Macedonia border) and Belgrade, 14 migrants were run over and killed by the evening express train. The victims, refugees from Afghanistan and economic migrants from Somalia, used the railroad to orientate themselves on their passage from the Republic of Macedonia to Western Europe. Coming from Greece, the refugees were prohibited from entering Macedonia legally and using public transport. As a result of this tragedy, the law was changed, and the rail companies have increasingly become involved in transporting the refugees. This article investigates the role of the rail companies involved in the transportation of displaced people through the Balkans, which has, in some cases 'displaced' the usual passengers. It raises questions
about the way in which rail services contribute towards changes in both the perceived and experienced significance and meaning of location, especially in such periphery regions which are bearing the brunt of both austerity and the refugee crisis.


Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or products are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the products or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. For more information regarding this guide or unit pricing in general, contact the NIST Office of Weights and Measures, email@example.com or (301) 975-4004. v Executive Summary This guide was developed to provide retailers with information about the best practice requirements for the unit pricing of prepackaged commodities. The guide consists of best practice recommendations that will improve the accuracy and usability of unit pricing information offered in retail stores. In addition, the guide will help provide uniformity across all states and types of stores. Many retailers in the various retail channels voluntarily provide unit pricing in their stores. What has been lacking since the inception of unit pricing is a guide to assist retailers in understanding consumer preferences as to its presentation, units of measure used, consistency, and accuracy. The best practices in this guide can be used in any retail environment, including supermarkets, drug and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, wholesale clubs, auto parts stores, department stores, or virtually anywhere products are sold where units of measure (e.g., weight, volume, length, area, count) can be used to compare prices and value of products. It applies to both food and non-food products. When a decision is made to unit price in a retail location, every effort should be made to provide unit pricing across the entire store. Unit pricing is helpful in that it displays the price of all brands and sizes of a product category per unit of measure basis (e.g., price per kilogram, liter, pound, fluid ounce). In addition, the guide enables the use of unit pricing in either the U.S. customary or metric system (International System of Units [SI]). Some categories where use of metric units may be more appropriate or beneficial than the U.S. customary system include wine, distilled spirits, bottled beverages, and spices. This guide was developed to assist industry in the practice of providing unit price information as a voluntary provision where no legislative requirements or standards exist. Where legislative requirements and standards do exist, this guide can be used to provide unit pricing that supplements and complements …


Fe-Mn metal oxides nanosized particles have been prepared by doping with La. The effects of promoters on the oxides were investigated by XRD, BET and other methods. XRD results revealed that the degree of crystallinity and particle size of mixed oxide phase decreased due to doping with La2O3. Addition of La led to a progressive increase in the surface area of the sample. Tests showed that the addition of 3 wt % La2O3 greatly improved the absorption sulfur capacity of the sorbent for COS removal. Keywords: Hydrogen utilized; Carbonyl Sulfide; Doping; La2O3


Several plant resistance proteins require accurate targeting to cellular membranes for effective pathogen defence function. The resistance protein variant M from Linum ussitatissimum (flax) protects plants against the flax rust disease and is specifically targeted to the vacuolar membrane. This localization mechanism involves the S-acylation of cysteine residues within the N-terminus of the protein. Moreover, the M S-acylation and targeting signal likely binds to membranes in the absence of lipid modifications and can switch from the vacuolar membrane to the plasma membrane depending on the S-acylation status. Importantly, plasma membrane targeting was observed when the short targeting signal from M was expressed in an Arabidopsis thaliana pat10 mutant plant. On the other hand, tonoplast localization of the N-terminal S-acylation domain was reconstituted in the mutant plant upon co-expression of two highly related PAT10 enzymes from flax. In contrast to the Golgi and tonoplast targeted Arabidopsis PAT10, the two homologous enzymes from flax mainly localized to the plasma membrane and were partially observed at the vacuolar membrane when expressed in flax as well as in Arabidopsis cells. This implicates that S-acylation of flax proteins could occur at the plasma membrane and that the lipid modification is required for subsequent routing to the vacuolar membrane, which could be also involved in the localization mechanism of M.


Summary Group‐level obesity can be seen as an emergent property of a complex system, consisting of feedback loops between individual body weight perception, individual weight‐related behaviour and group‐level social norms (a product of group‐level 'normal' body mass index (BMI) and sociocultural 'ideal' BMI). As overweight becomes normal, the norm might be counteracting health awareness in shaping individual weight‐related behaviour. System dynamics modelling facilitates understanding and simulating this system's emergent behaviour. We constructed six system dynamics models (SDMs) based on an expert‐informed causal loop diagram and data from six sociocultural groups (Dutch, Moroccan and South‐Asian Surinamese men and women). The SDMs served to explore the effect of three scenarios on group‐level BMI: 'what if' weight‐related behaviour were driven by (1) health awareness, (2) norms or (3) a combination of the two. Median BMI decreased approximately 50% and 30% less in scenarios 2 and 3, respectively, than in 1. In men, the drop in BMI was approximately two times larger in scenario 1 versus 3, whereas in women, the drop was approximately equal in these scenarios. This study indicates that the overweight norm in men holds group‐level BMI close to overweight despite health awareness. Since norms are counteracting health awareness less strongly in women, other drivers of obesity must be more relevant.


Human gestures contain certain characteristics and meanings in communication and represent a link between intention and body. This paper describes a pilot study investigating the role of ancillary musical gestures in understanding musical meaning from the listener's standpoint. We conducted a perceptual experiment using motion-capture recordings of musicians. Participants were presented video recordings and reconstructed point-light displays of music performances. By asking them to rate certain musicrelated parameters we found that abstract motions of the point-light displays yielded similar ratings to those of the real recordings. This suggests that pure body motion seems to be sufficient to communicate certain musical impressions.


Compared with conventional plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, laser-assisted plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LAPECVD) can be used to deposit crystalline SiGe films on Si substrates at low temperature. In the LAPECVD system, a CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6μm was utilized to assist the pyrolytical decomposition of SiH4 and GeH4 reactant gases. The resultant Si0.78Ge0.22 films were obtained and verified through the use of the Auger electron spectroscopy measurement. As the diffraction pattern of a glancing incident angle X-ray diffraction measurement had indicated, several significant diffraction peaks corresponding to a diamond-cubic structure at (111), (220), and (311) were clearly observed. Crystalline SiGe films were also identified by the electron diffraction pattern of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images.


Discloses a method of use for the communication system, and a base station for a communication system and a communication system. In the method, a user equipment determines when the shared communication channel in communication with the base station a common data rate target. Determining average transmission power used for communication between the user equipment and the station. May then be determined according to the average transmission power and the common data rate target, set the data rate allocated to the user equipment.


This report presents the latest time trends, trends by age, and regional variations in incidence, mortality and survival for malignant uterine tumours in the UK. There is also a separate section on these cases stratified according to their main morphological groups. This report has been produced by Public Health England's Knowledge and Intelligence Team (East Midlands) (formerly part of Trent Cancer Registry), the NCIN's lead for gynaecological cancers, on behalf of the NCIN Gynaecological Site Specific Clinical Reference Group (SSCRG). These data should be of interest to all those involved in the commissioning and delivery of services to prevent, diagnose, and treat uterine cancer.


Energy consumption in embedded systems is becoming increasingly important especially with the increase in transistor count that needs to fit in smaller chip areas. This calls for a cross-layer effort to improve the energy consumption of an embedded design including design of energy-efficient algorithms. Consequently, we need to find ways for a programmer to quickly estimate the energy consumption of an algorithm at higher abstraction level. This work contributes towards the development of an assembly-level energy estimation framework for embedded processors. Our framework is based on a hybrid approach of instruction level power analysis (ILPA) and functional level power analysis (FLPA) techniques which results in a higher accuracy comparable to ILPA-based approaches while remaining at a higher abstraction level of FLPA for the modeling of processors. The proposed framework, therefore, provides rapid high-level energy estimation results with an accuracy consistent with the state-of-the-art approaches. As test-cases, we have used the proposed framework for two open-source IP-core processors i.e. MIPS R2000 and LEON3.


An approach for modeling linear time-dependent auto-regressive moving-average (TDARMA) systems using the time-frequency (TF) distribution is presented. The proposed method leads to an extension of several well-known techniques of linear timeinvariant (LTI) systems to process the linear, time-varying (LTV) case. It can also be applied in the modeling of non-stationary signals. In this paper, the well-known modified least square (MLS) and the Durbin's approximation methods are adapted to this nonstationary context. A simple relationship between the generalized transfer function and the time-dependent parameters of the LTV system is derived and computer simulation illustrating the effectiveness of our method is presented, considering that the output of the LTV system is corrupted by additive noise.


Purpose To investigate the survival impact of eribulin use in �rst-line and second-line chemotherapy for patients with endocrine-resistant advanced or metastatic breast cancer (AMBC) in the real-world clinical setting. Methods This multi-institutional prospective cohort study enrolled patients with triple-negative AMBC or estrogen receptor (ER)-positive AMBC refractory to at least one previous endocrine therapy selected at the physician's discretion. The overall survival from the start of �rst-line (OS1) and second-line chemotherapy (OS2) were assessed. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) between eribulin and the other regimens (oral 5-�uorouracil [5-FU] and anthracycline/taxane) was calculated using a strati�ed proportional hazards model that included prespeci�ed prognostic factors.


In one aspect, the present invention is, oil or fat composition comprising both long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, generally from fish oil composition, the concentrate composition of long chain monounsaturated fatty acid It relates to a method for obtaining. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising at least 70 wt% long chain monounsaturated fatty acids. .BACKGROUND


Intellectualism about knowledge-how is the view that, in short, an agent's knowing how to φ is grounded that agent's propositional attitudes vis-à-vis φ-ing. Themost popular andwell-developed contemporary strategy for defending this position appeals, in the main, to linguistic considerations (e.g. Stanley &Williamson 2001; Stanley 2011), and consequently, the plausibility of intellectualism in the recent literature has been debated primarily with reference to whether linguistic arguments for intellectualism are successful. In this talk, I want to explore the viability of the comparatively less discussed 'non-linguistic' case for intellectualism. In doing so, what I take to be the three most important recent and broadly non-linguistic strands of argument claimed to favour intellectualism will be evaluated. The first two strategies, advanced by Bengson & Moffett (2011a; 2011b) are negative; these arguments attempt to show that the primary strategy for denying intellectualism, anti-intellectualism, is fundamentally unworkable. The third non-linguistic argument for intellectualism considered is Stanley & Krakauer's (2013) recent attempt to support intellectualism via cognitive scientific evidence of the sort that is usually claimed as an advantage by anti-intellectualists. The conclusion I draw is that that none of these arguments in support of intellectualism is successful.


A new, rapid and sensitive reverse phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of amitriptyline hydrochloride in tablet formulations and urine. The mobile phase used acetonitrile and water, (50% v/v) adjust pH to 5 using phosphoric acid. The separation was achieved on C18 reversed-phase column (250 mm x 4 mm i.d.). The flow rate was 0.6 ml/min and UV detection at 254nm. The retention time for amitriptyline hydrochloride was 7.3 min. The calibration curve was linear in the range 0.5–3 μg/mL. The mean recovery for amitriptyline hydrochloride is 100.025%. The assay was precise within day and between days. The method provided excellent sensitivity, recovery, accuracy and reproducibility in therapeutic or toxic concentrations. Common excipients do not interfere.


Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the firstly reason of mortality and morbidity for around the world. After TBI motor, cognitive and sensorial disfunction are typically seen. TBI causes serious health problem like death, disability and mental disorder. TBI is going to be an increasing public health problem for all around the world. According to estimates for every year approximately 1.7 million people undergo head trauma and from these people approximately 50.000 people losing their lives. TBI can seen at every age and population although this case seen mostly children and old persons. Falling, sporting activities and motor vehicle accident these are the top risk factors for traumatic brain damage. Before development diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for traumatic brain damage need to known neuropathologic underlying results and cellular mechanisms. Therefore, different models of mild, moderate and severe experimental traumatic brain damage models are used. Animal models of TBI are broadly classified as focal, diffuse, and mixed injury. Fluid percussion, controlled cortical effect, falling weight and blast wave are most preferred models in TBI experimental research. In this chapter strong and weak sides of existing rodent models for TBI are going to explain.


Management of the mastoid in cases of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma remains controversial. Whether to leave the canal wal I up or perform a cavity technique continues to be debated. The author reviewed his personal cases of surgery for chronic otitis media over a 5-year period and studied 108 cases without prior surgery who required tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma. Thirty-two percent of the cases were in children 15 years of age and under. Over two thirds of the procedures were canal wall up, and the remainder of patients underwent a canal wall down technique with obliteration


The efficient flow of goods into hospitals is disrupted by the presence of time critical (urgent) items in the chain encouraging sub-optimal vehicle fleet operations. Furthermore, the fast delivery of such items can often become stalled by the transition between the external and internal supply chains, leading to duplicate ordering. These issues result in increased volumes of hospital-related traffic and a delay in the delivery of care to patients. An unattended electronic locker bank, comprising individual lockable boxes to which different urgent items can be delivered is proposed as a potential solution with the aims of: separating urgent and non-urgent goods in the chain, thereby enabling consolidation of non-urgent consignments; and, bypassing the traditional route of supply. The feasibility of this concept was tested in the context of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London using a database of consignment movements to assess physical requirements of the locker bank, using a hill climbing optimization technique; and, qualitatively using interviews with key members of staff. Results of the quantitative analysis indicated that a locker bank measuring 3.33m (10.93ft.) in length, 1.7m (5.58ft.) height and 0.8m (2.62ft.) depth, comprising of 11 partitions would be required to accommodate 100% of all urgent consignments passing into the hospital during a typical week. Staff perceptions of the locker bank concept were largely positive suggesting the locker box could improve the speed and quality of healthcare delivered to patients


In terms of the allocation of berth and quay crane in berth planning,considering berth efficiency,average operating speed and the quantity of quay crane(QC),service priority,berth preference,preparation time and the latest time to leave,this study has developed an integer nonlinear programming model(INLP) with an objective function of the shortest time of all ships in container port within 24 hours.The Gurobi software and genetic algorithm are used to solve the model and a berth plan is obtained,i.e.the schedule of day and night.The result is analyzed with the average number of operating QC.


It has previously been shown that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae becomes thermosensitive due to the inactivation of the mitochondrial DNA helicase gene, PIF1. A suppressor of this thermosensitive phenotype was isolated from a wild‐type plasmid library by transforming a pif1 null strain to growth on glycerol at the non‐permissive temperature. This suppressor is a nuclear gene encoding a 135 amino acid protein that is itself essential for mtDNA replication; cells lacking this gene are totally devoid of mtDNA. We therefore named this gene RIM1 for replication in mitochondria. The primary structure of the RIM1 protein is homologous to the single‐stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) from Escherichia coli and to the mitochondrial SSB from Xenopus laevis. The mature RIM1 gene product has been purified from yeast extracts using a DNA unwinding assay dependent upon the DNA helicase activity of SV40 T‐antigen. Direct amino acid sequencing of the protein reveals that RIM1 is a previously uncharacterized SSB. Antibodies against this purified protein localize RIM1 to mitochondria. The SSB encoded by RIM1 is therefore an essential component of the yeast mtDNA replication apparatus.


In this article, Bernardette Holmes, Principal Investigator of Born Global, the British Academy policy project on languages and employability, reassesses the role of languages and intercultural understanding for Britain's global position. It draws on the findings of the Born Global project and identifies the language skills that are most in demand now to establish new global relationships, and locates language skills firmly within the matrix of wider employability skills for the 21st century.


The infrared spectra of several N-methyl lactams and acid amides have been measured in chloroform solution in order to investigate the correlation between the polymerizability of lactams and the frequencies of the carbonyl absorption of the amide group. The observed frequency lowering of the amide I band by N-methyl substitution can be related to the increasing contribution of the ionic structure to the resonance in the amide group, and to the low polymerizability. The infrared spectra of N-methyl lactams exhibit doublets or triplets in the carbonyl stretching region.


Probabilistic safety assessment is a standardized method for assessment of nuclear power plants safety and it is used intensively in the other technical fields where either safety or reliability is an important issue. The objective of this paper is to present one of the most important steps within the method of shutdown probabilistic safety assessment, which is a development of accident scenarios. In addition the objective is to show the application of the overall method and the results on a real example of existing models that were performed for a real power plant. The shutdown probabilistic safety assessment is presented with focus to its step of developing the accident scenarios. The models, which were developed for a particular power plant, are presented. The relations and the differences compared to full power probabilistic safety assessment models are discussed. The results show that the core damage frequency for different plant operating states varies significantly. In average, it is notably lower than the core damage frequency for the plant in full power operation. One can argue that the core damage frequency as a risk measure at full power plant operation is not comparable to the core damage frequency as a risk measure at other plant operating states, specially, to those with no fuel in the reactor, but the states with no fuel in the reactor are assessed separately within the analysis of the spent fuel pit, where its boiling frequency may be conservatively more appropriate risk measure than fuel frequency damage, knowing that either of them is not directly comparable to core damage frequency of states with fuel in the reactor. Although, the results show lower average of core damage frequency through the refueling outage, some states can be found with higher core damage frequency. The use of risk importance factors stays a question for future work, but at least for short plant operating states the uncertainties related with risk importance measures may be too large for their wider use.


The kinetic isotope effects in the benzoylation of various deutero- anilines were found to support an ionic model of the transition state (transition state more polar than the reactants). Bimonucular rate constants for the reaction of aniline and its deutero derivatives in a benzoyl chloride in benzene solution at 25 deg C are given. (C.J.G.)


In recent years, high-speed wireless communication is in vogue. In wireless communication systems, multipath fading, delay and interference occurred by reflection or diffraction. In a high-speed wireless communication, it becomes a necessity to separate desired signal from delay or interference signal. Thus to overcome these problems Smart antenna systems have been developed. The arrays by themselves are not smart; it is the digital signal processing that makes them smart. The process of combining the signals and then focusing the radiation in a particular direction is often referred to as digital beam forming. Smart antennas are most often realized with either switched-beam or fully adaptive array antennas. A smart antenna system consists of an antenna array, associated RF hardware, and a computer controller that changes the array pattern in response to the radio frequency environment, in order to improve the performance of a communication or radar system. In the switched beam system there is the beam forming network which will form the multiple fixed beams and cover certain angular are. Now the switched beam system consists of a beam forming network, which forms the multiple beams looking in the different directions. Now there are two approaches to get the multiple fixed beams, one is Butler Matrix Array and another one is Blass Array This thesis presents the Design,and Analysis of a beam forming network as a key component of a switched beam smart antenna system, operating at 5.3GHz for WLAN with a dielectric substrate, FR4 of


In a typical superresolution algorithm, fusion error modeling, including registration error and additive noise, has a great influence on the performance of the super-resolution algorithms. In this letter, we show that the quality of the reconstructed high-resolution image can be increased by exploiting proper model for the fusion error. To properly model the fusion error, we propose to minimize a cost function that consists of locally and adaptively weighted L1- and L2-norms considering the error model. Binary weights are used so as to adaptively select L1- or L2-norm, based on the local errors. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed algorithm can overcome disadvantages of using either L1- or L2-norm.


The present invention relates to a capacitor built-in substrate. A capacitor built-in substrate according to the present invention is the first to fourth layers forming a laminated structure of four layers; And the first through, and it includes at least one capacitor embedded between one of the four-layer the second layer and the third layer, at least one power source of the capacitors are each active element embedded between the second layer and the third layer It is electrically connected to the terminals and ground terminals, in the form the second layer or the third wiring layers are integrated to each other parallel to the capacitor connection structure of the power supply terminal. Thus, according as the present invention, there is provided as a built-in capacitor in the substrate of the laminate structure by a plurality of layers, by a parallel connection of a capacitor effectively embedded in the substrate it is possible to reduce the impedance in the entire frequency range, high capacitance and low It may implement a capacitor built-in substrate having an equivalent inductance.


Agostic interactions and weak hydrogen bonds to metal acceptors, M, are chemically and geometrically distinct, and this distinction must be maintained in the classification of new C-H...M interactions.


Midwife competency test as one of the requirements in the framework of quality assurance and standardization of competence of midwifery diploma III graduates, one of the educational institutions in the City of Baubau namely Baubau Polytechnic, has carried out midwife competency tests. In the process of implementing the midwife competency test at Baubau Polytechnic, it is still manual. The use of this manual method has experienced many obstacles in its implementation, including in terms of the cost of providing question material, answering the test, and the time for taking the exam. The purpose of this study was to design a midwife competency examination software and to make it easier for exam participants and the organizing committee to carry out the midwife competency test. Data collection methods used were observation and interviews. The results of this study are in the form of an android application to provide convenience in inputting question data, inputting participant data, and making test results reports quickly, efficiently, and accurately. Can help test-takers in conducting exams using the android application. The exam supervisor can also see the active sessions of the examinees while conducting the exam, can see the remaining time, and see the final score of each participant who has completed the exam.


Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders in the world, with an estimated incidence of 1 per 600-1,000 live births. Its origin is in 95% of the cases due to the presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21, followed by translocation (2%–4%) and isochromosomal mosaicism (1–2%).


AbstractThis study investigates the impact of event characteristics on runoff dynamics during extreme flood events observed in an 8.5-km2 experimental watershed located in South Korea. A high-quality data set containing the 31 most extreme flood events with event rainfall in excess of 50 mm were analyzed using an event-based rainfall-runoff model; the revitalized flood hydrograph (ReFH) routinely used for design flood estimation in the United Kingdom. The ReFH model was fitted to each event in turn, and links were investigated between each of the two model parameters controlling runoff volume and response time, respectively, and event characteristics such as rainfall depth, duration, and intensity, and also antecedent soil moisture. The results show no link between the parameter controlling runoff volume and any of the event characteristics, but identified a dependence between response time and rainfall depth. These results show that the linear unit hydrograph fails to adequately represent a reduction in ...


In this paper, we composed the for the reversible use as the replacement material of the Li ion batteries and confirmed the good quality of the structure of the samples with the sintering temperature for 30 hours at nitrogen atmosphere. We also investigated the size of the particles through SEM picture and the change of the sintering temperature and the content after charging the materials with 1 V, 160 mA and 3 V, 40 mA for 3 hours by Mossbauer spectroscopy. Also we can observe the increase on the content at the charge condition and the increase of the amount ratio of the ion only in sintering temperature according to the increase of the electric charge. We cannot observe the change of the ion in sintering temperature after charging.


The article presents the basic principles of sociological analysis of the urban environment in the context of population aging in the city. It discusses the main concepts developed in social gerontology and presents the social perspective on an aging urban population. It presents the main demographic trends observed today in Poland's cities by describing a number of indicators used in the analysis of the aging population. Conclusions resulting from the analysis show that the decreasing number of births and migration will result in shrinking cities. On the other hand, changes in the employment sector and infrastructure development will contribute to urban sprawl. As a result, the elderly will constitute a growing group in cities.


Regularly recurring phenomena are a common and important part of life activity. Such rhythmic behaviors are often seen in non-living systems under far-from-equilibrium conditions. The study of simple non-living systems provides clues to understand the origin of biological rhythms. Here, we focus on the spontaneous oscillation of surface tension associated with an intermittent Marangoni convective flow generated by two types of surfactants, partially soluble (long chain alcohols) and insoluble (lipids) in water. In this system, we find the collective motions of two surfactants interact with each other in a systematic manner to control a stable periodic motion - the alcohol molecules produce Marangoni flow and the lipid molecules in a monolayer push the flow back. The shape of the surface tension oscillation can be explained by the viscoelastic properties of the acceptor surfactant, whereas the period of the surface tension oscillation has been explained by the physical properties of the donor surfactant. Recently developed time-resolved X-ray surface scattering technique enable the dynamical structure of the water surface under flow to be determined. We have repeatedly observed that lipid molecules at the air-water interface become regularly oriented normal to the surface at every onset of the Marangoni convective flow. The emergence of such oscillatory behavior is discussed in terms of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.


The present study was conducted to investigate the role of dietary microbial phytase supplementation in ameliorating the toxic effects of gradual doses of cadmium chloride on vital organs. For this purpose, 80 albino male mice were randomly assigned to 8 equal groups (intact control and 7 treated groups). Intact control (IC) was supplemented with feed and water without any addition, Ph group was supplemented with phytase in diet (600 PU/kg), Cd1 group was orally administered with CdCL 2 (0.03 mg/L), Cd1-Ph group was orally administered with CdCL 2 (0.03 mg/L) and supplemented with phytase in diet (600 PU/kg), Cd2 group was orally administered with CdCL 2 (5.0 mg/L), Cd2-Ph group was orally administered with CdCL 2 (5.0 mg/L) and supplemented with phytase in diet (600 PU/kg), Cd3 group was orally administered with CdCL 2 (5.0 mg/L), Cd2-Ph group was orally administered with CdCL 2 (5.0 mg/kg) and supplemented with phytase in diet (600 PU/kg). The experiment extended for 30 days. After the last day of experiment, mice were anesthetized, dissected, and livers, kidneys spleens, lungs, bone marrows and ileums were obtained for histopathological examination. Blood vessels congestion and hemorrhage have been appeared in CdCl 2 treated groups which increased with gradual doses of CdCl 2 in each of livers, Kidneys, and lungs. Kidneys showed amyloid deposition in glomeruli and renal tubules. Renal tubular epithelial cells suffered from necrosis and there was necrosis in many nuclei. The spleen showed hyperplasia and distortion of normal micro-architecture. There was degenerative cells in payers patches in ileum. Bone marrow revealed decrement in blood forming cell which replaced by fat cells. Dieting microbial phytase supplementation exhibited a protective role against these toxic effects.


Shock is the most commonly seen critical andemergent disease entity.Our data show that septicshock,hypovolemic shock and cardiogenic shock arethe main types of shock.The other types of shock areanaphylactoid shock,shock due to drug poisoning andvarious diseases.The main causes of shock arepulmonary infection,toxic bacillary dysentery,upperdigestive tra(?)t bleeding,bleeding due to rupturedextrauterine pregnancy,acute myocardial infarctionand severe arrhythmia,Attention should be paid tothe fact that the clinical manifestation of shock may beatypical in some diseases,such as shock caused bypneumonia in the aged and the young children,toxicbacillary dysentery and bleeding due to rupturedextrauterine pregnancy.In this case,some examina-tions such as anal swab for microscopical inspectionshould not be neglected,Death significanty correlateswith the disease itself(such as acute myocardialinfarction associated with cardiogenic shock)and age(such as shock in the aged),which should be seriouslydealt with.Pre-hospital intensive emergency treat-ment(including home visit emergency treatment),in-creasing the people′s knowledge of preventing andtreating diseases are very important in-decreasing thepre-hospital death due to shock.


d,l-18-Hydroxy-corticosterone (XII, XIII), the d-enantiomer (I) of which is probably a direct biogenetic precursor of aldosterone (IIa, b), has been prepared. The synthesis leads from the trihydroxy-diketal IV to the diacetate VI, in which the ketal groups could be split with a mixture of perchloric and acetic acid. The diacetoxydiketone IX thus obtained was hydrolysed under carefully controlled alkaline conditions to yield the 18-monoacetate XI or the free d,l-18-hydroxy-corticosterone (XII). The latter compound exists, however, predominantly in the form of the (2018)-cyclohemiketal XIII, a conclusion reached from its infrared absorption spectrum and the comparatively slow reduction of tetrazolium salt.


Hypoxic ischemic injury to the brain was induced in 12 0- to 3-day-old piglets. At time 0, the carotid arteries were ligated, and the blood pressure was reduced by one third by hemorrhage. At 15 min, inspired FIO2 was reduced from 50 to 6%. After 10 min of flat EEG, the FIO2 was changes to 100%, the carotid ligations were released, and the withdrawn blood was reinfused. Five minutes after reoxygenation, the piglets were randomly assigned to either receive 350 mg of fructose-1,6-diphosphate over 5 min, followed by 6 mg/kg/min for the ensuing 50 min, or an equivalent volume of normal saline. 3 days after the experiment, the animals received a neurologic examination by a blinded observer, were then sacrificed, and the brains examined by a blinded observer. There were no significant differences in the degree of damage between the two groups.


"Pathology? No thanks! Stuck away in a lab all day, the stink of formaldehyde, other doctors' dead patients…" Sadly, this is a common image, even among doctors. Another popular misconception, reinforced on television, is that all pathologists are forensic pathologists, dealing with suspicious deaths. But pathology is not about crime or death; it is about understanding disease and disease processes.

 ![][1]

Forensic pathology is a small subspecialty of histopathology. Pathology's other main disciplines are chemical pathology, microbiology, haematology, and immunology. All pathologists spend some of their time working in the lab, but they do a lot more besides. Many pathologists now have direct responsibility for the care of patients, bringing the intellectual satisfaction of investigation and diagnosis with the practical satisfaction of patient care.

Also known as clinical biochemistry, a major role of this discipline is the provision of an analytical service for measuring a wide variety of analytese"electrolytes," enzymes, proteins, hormones, vitamins, drugs, etcefor diagnostic and management purposes. Much of this analytical work is performed by biomedical scientists using automated analysers, but the chemical pathologist is the director of the service, responsible for ensuring its quality and appropriateness and providing guidance on the selection of investigations and interpretation of their results.

### Attractions and drawbacks of pathology

#### Attractions

#### Drawbacks

Chemical pathologists may perform some of the tests themselves, particularly dynamic endocrine tests. They consult on the investigation and management of patients with metabolic disorders, and, increasingly, have direct …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif


This study projects water availability and sustainability in Nigeria due to climate change. This study used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage data (TWS), Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) precipitation data and Climate Research Unit (CRU) temperature data. Four general circulation models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 were downscaled using the best of four downscaling methods. Two machine learning (ML) models, RF and SVM, were developed to simulate GRACE TWS data for the period 2002–2016 and were then used for the projection of spatiotemporal changes in TWS. The projected TWS data were used to assess the spatiotemporal changes in water availability and sustainability based on the reliability–resiliency–vulnerability (RRV) concept. This study revealed that linear scaling was the best for downscaling over Nigeria. RF had better performance than SVM in modeling TWS for the study area. This study also revealed there would be decreases in water storage during the wet season (June–September) and increases in the dry season (January–May). Decreases in projected water availability were in the range of 0–12 mm for the periods 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099 under RCP2.6 and in the range of 0–17 mm under RCP8.5 during the wet season. Spatially, annual changes in water storage are expected to increase in the northern part and decrease in the south, particularly in the country's southeast. Groundwater sustainability was higher during the period 2070–2099 under all RCPs compared to the other periods and this can be attributed to the expected increases in rainfall during this period.


Based on the daily rainfall,daily water surface evaporation of three typically representative years: dry year,wet year and average year,and land coverage data over different periods,this article selected the Lake Taihu basin which has obvious land cover changes and rapid urbanization as a typical area,to reveal the hydrological response of the basin to land use / cover change( LUCC) using the Taihu river system water quantity model,to analyze the LUCC of Lake Taihu basin from 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2006,and its influence on water level process.This study can not only help for deep understanding on the variation of the hydrological characteristics of urbanized areas,but also can provides more scientific and reliable basis for flood control and disaster mitigation of typical urbanized area.Results showed that the acceleration of urbanization process caused the land use / cover change,whose features are conversion of paddy fields,water area to the urban one,and the acceleration of urbanization process.The urbanization rate for the period from 2000 to 2006 is greater than that during the period of 1990-2000.Underlying surface changes had a significant impact on the hydrological processes of Lake Taihu basin.With the land cover change under the urbanization process,water level increased in the overall,and so did the rate,consistent with the urbanization rate.High degree of urbanization,more obvious water level rising.Rainfall is also one of the factors controlling water level in the process.


BACKGROUND: All carcinomas of the breast can be classified based on the hormone receptors on cells and also by cell of origin. Generally most of health setup in developing countries carries out assessment of tumour behavior for breast cancer based on three parameters: tumour size, lymph node status, and histological grade. A few better established medical institutes have added immunohistochemistry to forecast the tumour outcome and guide the clinicians for better management of such patients. In carcinoma breast prognostic panel consisting of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) & Her2neu is being commonly used for prognostication of the Infiltrating duct carcinomas (IDC).  With new breakthrough in the field it has become clear that stroma also plays a significant role in the spread of carcinoma breast and the proliferation rate of tumors has been shown to be a good predictor of aggressiveness of the tumor, hence new markers such as Ki67gene over expression and CD 10 have been added to the armament for prognostication . The aims of this study are to estimate the frequency of expression of stromal CD10 in invasive breast carcinomas and also to assess prognostic significance of stromal CD10 marker. METHODS: In this study, we examined 20 cases of invasive breast carcinoma.  Apart from routine H&E stain, the selected cases were stained with concurrent immunohistochemical prognostic panel (ER, PR, Her2neu) and CD10 stromal marker, to characterize and to identify prognostic markers that can identify tumors with more aggressive behavior. RESULT: We found 06 cases were of the triple-negative phenotype (ER, PR, Her2neu) and all exhibited strong CD10 stromal positivity. The majority of these tumors were grade III, IDC. There were positive associations with larger size, pushing margins, poorer Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). In all tumors, we considered tumor size, lymph node stage, and hormone receptors as the most useful prognostic markers and found that the traditional markers indicating poor outcome correlated well with CD 10 stromal positivity in 80% cases. CONCLUSION: In the present study all triple-negative cases with positive nodal status , larger tumor size and higher grade, the hormonal  expression revealed a strong correlation with CD 10 marker which appears to be a very strong potential and the most useful emerging prognostic marker.


Today analog-to-digital converters are used in computing and control systems which have greatly expanded in the era of the digital revolution. Increasing the accuracy, speed, energy efficiency, and reliability of analog-to-digital converters is extremely important. One of the most classic types of analog-to-digital converters is the sequential approximation and tracking type ADCs. The conversion time of the tracking type ADC is variable and is determined by the difference between the two readings of the input voltage. Therefore, combining the tracking approach and the method of successive approximation in the case of sharp jumps in the input signal allows you to significantly improve the conversion characteristic. Also the use of redundant counting systems for the weights of the ADC digits has significant advantages, which makes it possible to significantly increase the linearity of the conversion characteristic. The methods of construction of ADCs working on the principle of successive approximation and analog-digital converters whose operation algorithm is tracking are considered. A method of constructing a combined type ADC is proposed, which combines a follow-up conversion algorithm and a sequential approximation algorithm, which allows to improve the characteristics of ADC conversion. The expediency of using a combined type of redundant positional counting systems in ADCs has been proven. The analyzed property of redundant positional counting systems, which is inherent in them when the real weights of the digits deviate from their theoretical values, ensures the absence of "gaps" in the conversion characteristic, as well as the ability to perform the procedure of self-calibration of the weights of the ADC digits, thereby significantly improving the linearity of the conversion characteristic. It is indicated that even with the lengthening of the bit grid for ADCs built on the basis of redundant positional counting systems, their performance does not decrease.


Objective: A decline in the intradialytic systolic blood pressure (SBP), which defines intradialytic hypotension, is associated with a greater risk of intradialytic symptoms. Intradialytic SBP decline may be associated with higher all-cause mortality. However, this association has neither been studied in Japanese hemodialysis (HD) patients, nor has seasonal variations in intradialytic SBP decline been considered. We evaluated the association between the mean annual intradialytic SBP decline in Japanese HD patients and clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Design and method: This retrospective cohort study included 47,219 HD sessions in 307 patients undergoing HD over one year (April 2019 to March 2020) in three dialysis clinics. The mean annual intradialytic SBP decline (predialysis SBP-nadir intradialytic SBP) for each patient was determined. The association of the mean annual intradialytic SBP decline with clinical outcomes, including MACEs, was assessed from April 2020 until March 2022. MACEs included cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina, stroke, heart failure, and other severe cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization. Results: The study participants included 202 males (66%). The mean patient age was 69.0 ± 12.4 years and the median duration of HD was 4.1 (2.0–7.7) years. The mean annual intradialytic SBP decline was 28.2 ± 14.8 mmHg. MACEs occurred in 77 cases (25%), death or hospitalization due to a decline in Activities of Daily Living (death or hospitalization) occurred in 56 (18%) cases, and all-cause hospitalization occurred in 184 cases (60%). A Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, HD duration, Charlson comorbidity index, and the mean annual predialysis SBP and ultrafiltration rate, showed that a greater intradialytic SBP decline (per 10) was significantly associated with increased risk of MACEs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.54). Moreover, the greater intradialytic SBP decline (per 10) was associated with increased risks of death or hospitalization (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.62) and all-cause hospitalization (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07–1.39). Conclusions: In Japanese maintenance HD patients, a greater intradialytic SBP decline was associated with worse clinical outcomes, including increased risks of MACEs, death or hospitalization, and all-cause hospitalization. Further studies are warranted to investigate interventions to attenuate intradialytic SBP decline and improve the prognosis of Japanese HD patients.


This data collection contains 110 images of polycarbonate (PC) membranes fouling layer where three types of organic foulants including yeast, protein and sodium alginate present. This data collection would be useful to investigate membrane fouling mechanism by membrane materials researchers and water researchers.


Following adjustment for the sodium excretion index, an indirect measure of salt intake, there association with meat was no longer signi fi cant. Conclusion Inadequate control of BP in patients who were being treated with anti-hypertensive drugs, even in a community assisted by a primary care program, was independently associated with modi fi able factors including salt consumption and BMI. An association with skin colour and serum creatinine was also observed.


This paper briefs the basic principle and equipment configuration features of cooling tower with suction shaft water distribution. Such type #6 cooling tower in Heze power plant couldn't operate by suction. The cause of problem has analyzed carefully. Is was found and distinquished that when one circulating water pump operated at high speed, The water distribution working condition of whole tower still conldn't be realized; problems existed in the design and monnting of suction equipment, thus the resolving measures were proposed, with the success gained. Meanwhile, it was emphasized to indicate, the monnting of suction equipment should be carried out strictly in accordance with the size and requirement given in the design drawings and the relevant matters needing attention; to ensure The cooling tower could operate safely, steadily and economically in the various working conditions.


Background. Increased levels of gamma‐enolase (γ‐enolase) have been observed in the sera of patients with renal cell carcinoma. To evaluate the prognostic information of γ‐enolase in this disease, 161 consecutive patients were assessed before initiation of therapy.


The ground-based radiometer-scatterometer system of the University of Bern, RASAM, measures brightness temperatures and backscattering coefficients at frequencies between 2 and 12 GHz. Between 1984 and 1992 many campaigns were carried out on agricultural fields. Data from more than 70 bare agricultural soils have now been organized in a bare soil signature catalogue. In addition to the microwave data, detailed ground-truth information was collected including highly accurate surface roughness profiles. Information on the data base is given, together with short descriptions of the instruments and measurement procedures. >


In this lecture, I use digital technologies as a window on theoretical issues in mathematics education. More precisely I address the issue of the theoretical fragmentation of the field. After setting the problem in an introductory part, I successively use two dimensions of my research activity with digital technologies for approaching this issue. The first one corresponds to the development of the instrumental approach, the second one to the on-going research work on the integration of theoretical frames carried out within the European projects TELMA and ReMath. I. Introduction Researchers in the field of mathematics education seem more and more sensitive to the difficulties generated by the diversity and fragmentation of existing theoretical frames in the field 1 . Why so many theories and constructs? What exact needs do these constructions try to respond to? How many different constructs do we have for expressing more or less the same concerns, for fulfilling the same goals? What do they have in common and what exactly differentiates them? How do they respectively shape our research and design practices and more globally our vision of didactical action? How can we coherently and productively behave as researchers and as practitioners in such a world? Is it possible to reduce the increasing theoretical load of the field and, if so, how could this goal be better achieved? In the lecture, I address these issues, using as a filter the research developed on the design and educational use of digital technologies, and relying on my personal research experience. I specially use as examples the development of the so-called "Instrumental approach" from the mid nineties, and the research work I am currently involved in the frame of two European projects: TELMA and ReMath 2 with the aim of developing tools for connecting and integrating different theoretical approaches. I.1. Why approaching theoretical issues through digital technologies? I have chosen in this lecture to focus on theoretical issues in mathematics education, and to use research on teaching and learning with digital technologies: calculators, mathematics software or any kind of digital resources, as a window for looking at these issues.


Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) uses a randomized ensemble of subsurface models for error and uncertainty estimation. However, the complexity of geological models and the requirement of a large number of simulation runs make routine applications extremely difficult due to expensive computation cost. Grid computing technologies provide a cost-efficient way to combine geographically distributed computing resources to solve large-scale data and computation intensive problems. Hence, we design and implement a grid-enabled EnKF solution to ill-posed model inversion problems for subsurface modeling. It has been integrated into the ResGrid, a problem solving environment aimed at managing distributed computing resources and conducting subsurface-related modeling studies. Two synthetic cases in reservoir studies indicate that the enhanced ResGrid efficiently performs EnKF inversions to obtain accurate, uncertainty-ware predictions on reservoir production. This grid-enabled EnKF solution is also being applied for data assimilation of large-scale groundwater hydrology nonlinear models. The ResGrid with EnKF solution is open-source and available for downloading.


In support of the software development based on software bus technique at requirements analysis stage,this paper puts forward an improvement of the traditional data flow approach.By increasing the logical independence of processes,the movements of flows in DFD are strictly restricted.On the other hand,the layout of DFD is divided into three partitions in order to increase the readability of DFD.


Embodiments of the present invention, in the sensing unit of the bevel angle can be measured in the base angular position and the blade relative to the table (14) of the miter table for (12) (14) (32) (42, 44), miter angle and bevel relates to a power composite miter saw capable of adjusting an angle (10). Such sensing unit (42, 44) generates a position signal that can be used to provide highly accurate digital display of miter angles and bevel angles (68,82). Further, examples of the disclosure, a user, without damaging the sensing unit (42, 44), the table (14) and the base (12) pivotally mounted portion and the table and the bevel pivot support housing (24) using the mechanism (50, 76) to be able to tighten the pivot point between the. Sensing unit is mounted and is formed so as not to interfere with access to the nut (50, 76) which can be rotated to vary the amount of friction between adjacent elements. .FIELD 1


A combined pulse diagnosis device and the sensor precisely in the position of the pulse, and, to fix the relative position of the sensor to a human wrist, it is an object to improve the convenience and accuracy of measurement. A Pulse diagnosis apparatus of the present invention includes one positioning module to be fixed independently to the wrist portion of the human, the positioning module has one visible positioning window. The pulse Miki further comprises one sensor module, the sensor module is attached to the positioning module, after assembly, the sensor detection head of the sensor module is positioned inside the positioning window. .The 10


On a regional scale, the intensity of construction projects is an advantage, acts as a multiplier and increases the economic potential of the region. It is a fact that construction projects are a great financial burden for investors and are associated with significant risks that can influence the regional development. These risks arise from both the project itself and from a large number of stakeholders with. Some measures of risk can be eliminated. One such risk is to ensure the keeping the contractual liabilities. For this reason, various forms of bank guarantees are used, but they increase contractor costs and project price. Regional decision is how much the contract is necessary for the positive development of the region and ensuring positive economic cash flows. Meet deadlines and flexible reactions to the current situation is in the company supported with maintaining financial frameworks at several banking institutions. The price depends on many factors including size of the company and financial situation. Then financial costs related to construction have not only variable character, but are also fixed. Market uncertainty, the changing status of labour supply on the one hand and maintaining financial frameworks, capacity and long-term contractual obligations on the other hand, requires a flexible response with respect to cost control. The aim of the paper is to analyse the current situation, define key factors for the pricing of bank products and their impact on the construction price. Methods of pricing, costing, accounting will be used for suggestion of a suitable model for true display and management of financial costs with regard to the construction specifics. These outputs will serve as a basis for finding questionable areas in this area and will be a subject to further investigation.


s Medieval Multilingual Manuscripts: Texts, Scribes, and Patrons 21-22-23 May 2020  Carlotta (Charlie) Barranu, University of Cambridge Multilayering multilingualism in England through quantitative codicology, c.1215-c.1415 Across the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Catholic Church dramatically shifted its attitude to the use of vernacular languages. While the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) granted the clergy permission to preach in the vernacular, the Council of Constance (1415) saw the Wycliffite project of biblical translation branded heretical. Accordingly, these two centuries saw substantial linguistic change in English reading communities, offering fertile ground for a multi-layered analysis of how members of the religious orders composed and read texts in a range of languages. Yet, much of the scholarship on multilingualism in medieval England has focused on the rise in use of singular languages and on their presence in particular lay contexts. In contrast, this paper will apply quantitative codicology as a means to recover the modalities in compilation and use of multilingual books within religious houses, in order to establish the role of the different orders in the dissemination of literature in multiple languages. Drawing upon a sample of three hundred codices from across England, this paper will move beyond a focus upon the 'rise' of a specific vernacular and instead demonstrate that multilingual features were a common, rather than special, expression of manuscript production at this time. This quantitative approach presents otherwise invisible layers of readership that have generally passed unnoticed by scholars, such as the widespread interest in the Greek language and in the popularity of French romance among monastic readers. Examples such as these detail how quantitative studies can nuance and revise our understanding of English readership. This methodology, along with the use of nonhomogeneous samples of books, will allow this paper to reconstruct patterns of linguistic continuity and change, while also offering means to mitigate the perennial issue of manuscript survival.  Siobhán Barrett, Maynooth University Multilingualism in a 15 century Irish medical compendium The focus of this study is a selection of Early Modern Irish medical recipes contained in a late 15 century medical compendium in Royal Irish Academy manuscript, 24 B 3. This compendium consists largely of herbal recipes for various ailments, broadly arranged in head-to-toe order. The main scribe is Connla Mac an Leagha, who was probably working as a practising physician under the patronage of the Mac Diarmada lords in the medieval kingdom of Magh Luirg (Moylurg) in Roscommon. There are references to classical medical authorities (Dioscorides, Hippocrates and Galen) in this text alongside Irish historical physicians (Conn Mac an Leagha, Conn Mór Mac Gilla na Naomh) and Irish mythical physicians (Dían Cécht, the Dagda, Míach and Oirbea). This practice of drawing on authorities from different traditions is reflected in the language of the text. Many of the rubrics are in Latin and the recipes also contain non-Irish terms for ingredients and compound medicines. No translation or instructions for their preparation accompany these words giving the impression that the user was expected to be familiar with these terms. This paper will discuss some of these words.  Bernhard Bauer, Maynooth University Where parallels meet: early medieval Celtic and Latin glosses The glosses on works of late antique and early medieval scholars like Priscianus Caesariensis, the Venerable Bede or Paulus Orosius are a treasure trove for contemporary Insular Celtic, as well as multilingualism and language contact in the early medieval period. The densely glossed manuscripts in which these works are transmitted are invaluable sources for researching the intensive intellectual and linguistic exchange. The proposed paper will concentrate on a subgroup of glosses of the "Celtic glossing tradition" on the aforementioned authors, i.e. multilingual parallel glosses. These are glosses in different languages (Latin and the Celtic vernaculars, i.e. Old Breton and Old Irish) with identical or near-identical (semantical) content on the same lemma of the Latin main text transmitted in different manuscripts. It will explore ways of determining whether or not we can assert that specific glosses are translations from one language into the other. For this, different methodologies from linguistics, philology and digital humanities will be applied to the corpus. In addition to linguistic and philological aspects this study will also add another piece to the puzzle, whether or not the vernacular glosses all go back to original Latin ones. Therefore, it will yield valuable information for the chronology and stemma of the "Celtic glossing tradition" passed on in early medieval manuscripts. Hence, the proposed paper takes us to where parallels meet.  Bart Besamusca & Jenneka Janzen, Utrecht University Multilingualism in Medieval Flanders: The Manuscript Evidence The NWO-funded research project 'The Multilingual Dynamics of the Literary Culture of Medieval Flanders, c.1200–c.1500' investigates how the three most important literary languages that co-existed in medieval Flanders, Latin, French and Dutch, functioned and interacted. We aim at a better understanding of the literary culture of that region by studying both the texts that were written and read there and the manuscripts that were copied in Flanders and/or circulated there. In our paper presentation we will illustrate how evidence of the production and reception of these manuscripts reveals characteristics of the codices that can be related to medieval Flanders' literary dynamics.  Jacopo Bisagni, National University of Ireland Galway Glossing time: multilingualism and the Celtic vernaculars in Early Medieval computistical manuscripts. The largest collection of Old Breton glosses ever discovered occurs in a manuscript (Angers 477) containing Bede's works on computus (the medieval study of time-reckoning), and these same texts were also abundantly glossed in Old Irish in other manuscripts (especially Karlsruhe 167). In addition to glosses such as these, we must consider several instances of code-switching from Latin to Old Irish in Hiberno-Latin computistical tracts, as well as a fragment of computus in Old Welsh containing only few Latin words... In other words, during the Early Middle Ages the study of computus seems to have prompted Celticspeaking scholars to write in their vernacular languages to an unusually great degree. In this lecture, I will first present an overview of the surviving Celtic writings pertaining to this highly specialised domain of medieval scholarship. Next, I will discuss some of the possible motivations that may have encouraged Irish, Breton and Welsh literati to resort relatively often to their own respective vernaculars when dealing with computus—an otherwise heavily 'Latinate' subject. In particular, I will try to show that important insights on the relationship between Latin and the Celtic vernaculars in these texts may be gained not only through linguistic analysis, but also by investigating their manuscript context and transmission.  Sarah Bridge, University of Oxford 'Thinking through multilingualism' in the Contes moralisés The Contes moralisés is an exempla collection attributed to the Franciscan friar Nicole Bozon, active in England in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. While the collection is in many ways typical of the preaching materials from this period, its use of Anglo-Norman, rather than Latin, for the main body of text is highly unusual. Alongside this, the text uses numerous Latin quotations, and a handful of proverbs in English. Previous scholarship on the Contes moralisés has neglected the its multilingualism and focused on its use of French, suggesting it was used by preachers without knowledge of Latin. However, the text's clerical manuscript transmission disrupts this view, suggesting its language choices must be otherwise understood. This paper argues that multilingualism is crucial to the didactic and literary strategy of the Contes moralisés, and that its use of French must be understood in this context. The text's structure is both tautological, with multiple exempla given for each moral precept, and allegorical, with most exempla followed by a comparison to human behaviour. The reader is thus engaged in a constant transfer of meaning from one image to another. Movement between languages in the text amplifies this; ideas are translated across linguistic, as well as conceptual boundaries. This interchange between languages relates to Thomas Hinton's concept of 'thinking through multilingualism' discussed in his 2017 article on the Tretiz de langage. The availability of multiple languages to certain groups in medieval England stimulated literary creativity – as Middle English scholars have noted – but this paper argues further that the Contes moralisés illustrates the hermeneutic value of multilingualism. By thinking mutilingually, authors and audiences necessarily define terms as they move between languages. Multilingual texts (and the multilingual manuscripts which transmitted them) become interpretative tools in navigating meaning.  Kevin Buckley, Newcastle University. Quantifying mixed language using a character N-gram based language classifier in Medieval English, Medieval Irish, and Modern Spanglish This paper applies character N-grams to the study of diachronic linguistic variation in a historical language. The period selected for this initial exploratory study is medieval English. Language contact in medieval England produced a period of Triglossia, demonstrating language mixing between English, Anglo-Norman French and Latin. This period of language contact is a well-studied period of language change against which the efficacy of computational met


Shilankengding brush structure is considered to be a vortex levorotary compresso-shear brush structure,around which there are many medium tungsten polymetallic ore deposits or occurrences of(oxide).The geological evidence indicated that this structural system controls the distribution of regional Sn-Pb-Zn polymetallic mineralization belt.Based on research and analysis of dynamic characteristics,formation mechanism and ore control mechanism of Shilankengding brush structure,we found that the area of spreading over to the northeast of the system is the potential prospecting area.


Illustrations appear mostly in longer, more formal reports, such as analyses, feasibility studies, proposals, and investigation or evaluation reports. For selecting and designing the most effective illustration for a given situation, three issues need to be clarified: which the kind of illustration (tables, graphs, bar charts, histograms, surface charts, pie charts, flow charts, and photographs) can best illustrate the particular feature or characteristic for the readers to comprehend; whether the illustration is simply used by the readers to gain a visual impression of an aspect being discussed, or can it be used to extract information; and is the illustration referred to only once to explain a point, or is it referred to several times in the report. Computer software can be used, with care, for illustration preparation. This chapter describes various ways to present information graphically, and explains what type of information is best suited for each.


It is not interest alone, but prejudice or fashion that sways the generality of mankind. Opinion governs opinion. It is not merely what we can get by a certain line of conduct that we have to consider, but what others will think of it. The possession of money is but one mode of recommending ourselves to the good opinion of the world, of securing distinction and respect. Except as a bribe to popularity, money is of very limited value. Avarice is (oftener than we might at first suspect) only vanity in disguise. We should not want fine clothes or fine houses, an equipage or livery servants, but for what others will think of us for having or wanting them. The chief and most expensive commodity that money is laid out in purchasing, is respect. Money, like other things, is worth no more than it will fetch. It is a passport into society: but if other things will answer the same purpose; as beauty, birth, wit, learning, desert in art or arms, dress, behaviour, the want of money is not felt as a very severe privation.


Providing systems and methods for performing data transfer and transmitted under the synchronous one-bit interface protocol. A first data to be transferred or transmitted, and a second data clock period used to encode the data of the first can be extracted, bit stream including the generated. Bit stream is sent to the processor for decoding. In one embodiment, the bit stream includes start segment or sequence, data segments, and an end segment or sequence. Clock period is encoded in the start sequence and / or termination sequences, it is extracted from the start sequence and / or end sequences. Data segment is decoded based on the clock period.