Dever, L., Fontes, J.Ch. and Riché, G., 1987. Isotopic approach to calcite dissolution and precipitation in soils under semi-arid conditions. Chem. Geol. (hot. Geosci. Sect.), 6 6 307-314 Two phases of crystallization of secondary calcite are identified in shallow soil horizons from northeastern Brazil where present-day climatic conditions are semi-arid. The "C and 13C contents of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) from soil solutions are compatible with open-system conditions. In the deeper part of the profile (1.5-3-m depth) the precipitation of secondary calcite is attributed to the degassing of solutions under wet climatic conditions. Interpretation of the radiocarbon activities leads to ages between 22,000 and 17,000 yr. for the pure secondary calcite. In the upper part (0.3-1.5-m depth) of the profile, active formation of calcrete through dissolution-precipitation cycles is occurring. In this zone the precipitation is controlled mainly by the evaporation of soil solution as shown by the progressive',enrichment in '*O of secondary carbonates. The accretion of calcrete òccurs àt 'the surface and at 1.5-m depth due to changes in the position of the evaporation front.


Isolated frog sartorious muscle at 4°C has been used to study the phenomenon whereby tetanically stimulated muscle, subjected to a mechanical extension, yields an active tension which is greater than that obtained during an isometric contraction in which the muscle is stretched prior to stimulation. The excess tension magnitude and decay with time depend upon the total muscle length. After stimulation ceases the excess tension does not persist over a time appreciably longer than that needed for the normal isometric tension to disappear. No persistent excess tension could be seen from stretches applied after stimulation had ceased but before the active tension had fully decayed.


Vossevangen is a charmingly-primitive place, with an ex: cellent hotel, where you get good Norwegian cookery, and 1 where the waitresses are are all dressed in the pretty national costume. This was all we had time to see of it, as we did not get there till nine p.m., and left at half-past five next morning. The first part of the drive from Vos to Stalheim is not very interesting?for Norway, at least?for here one expects each view to be more colossal than the last; but Stalheim itself, at the head of the far-famed Naerodal, is more beautiful than any description can express?


The 13C NMR spectra of some 1‐ and 2‐substituted perimidines and perimidinium salts are discussed and assigned. Although the spectra of most of the 2‐substituted perimidines are comparatively simple, several examples display 13C and 1H spectral characteristics indicative of inhibition of prototropic tautomerism.


We describe the magnetic phase of SU(M) $\mathcal{N}=2$ Super Yang-Mills theories in the self-dual Omega background in terms of a new class of multi-cut matrix models. These arise from a non-perturbative completion of topological strings in the dual four dimensional limit which engineers the gauge theory in the strongly coupled magnetic frame. The corresponding spectral determinants provide natural candidates for the tau functions of isomonodromy problems for flat spectral connections associated to the Seiberg-Witten geometry.


The versatile multication binding protein, otherwise known as the stimulatory protein kinase modulator (PKMs) or megamodulin has been isolated from Escherichia coli and it has been found to stimulate E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme. It has been hypothesized that megamodulin may regulate RNA polymerase activity by blocking the pausing mechanism and/or increased chain elongation activity during the process of transcription, and also may play an important role in protein synthesis.


The dysfunction of pancreatic islet β cell is a major focus in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes(T2DM).FOXO1,one of the forkhead transcription factors subfamily members,is an important target downstream of insulin signaling pathway and plays crucial roles in the development of pancreatic islet.However,the exact function of FOXO1 and its regulation in pancreatic β cells remains to be further characterized.In this study,the expression and cellular localization of FOXO1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and laser confocal microscopy.Adenoviral vectors expressing a constitutively active form of FOXO1(FOXO1-AAA) and its small interfering RNA(siRNA) were prepared.The effects of FOXO1 on β cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated with rat insulinoma cell line(INS-1E) by introducing either active FoxO1 or its siRNA.The results showed that FOXO1 was detected in pancreatic islet by immunohistochemistry and co-localized with insulin in β cells by confocal microscopy.Western blot demonstrated that the FOXO1 expression was remarkably increased by Ad-FOXO1-AAA infection and suppressed by Ad-siRNA-FOXO1 in INS-1E cells.(()~3H-TdR) incorporation experiment showed that the INS-1E cell growth was significantly promoted by decreasing FOXO1 expression,whereas inhibited with increased FOXO1 expression.The survival of INS-1E cells detected by MTT showed similar effects.Furthermore,fluorescent activated cell sorting(FACS) analyses showed that increased apoptosis was observed at higher levels of FOXO1 expression but decreased lower FOXO1 levels.These data demonstrated that FOXO1 might participate in the regulation of survival,proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells.


The aim of this reported work is to estimate travel time on urban road sections. The concerned roads are the ones with no dedicated sensing infrastructure and for which the only potentially available source of data is sparse GPS probe data. Presented is a new approach to solve this problem by using an applied particle filter method and historical probabilities distributions of travel time per road section.


The present study was undertaken to partially purify and characterise the sheep mucosal proteins. Cationic proteins were extracted from mucosal epithelium of sheep intestine, trachea and uterus. Proteins were partially purified by low pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC) and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The extracts were subjected to 12.5% SDS-PAGE and 15% acid urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for resolving into the constituent proteins. Different mucosal tissues yielded different concentrations of proteins, lowest from intestine and highest from uterus, which indicated presence of more cationic proteins in sheep uterus than that of sheep intestine. Protein extract of sheep intestine and sheep trachea was separated into 3 peaks each whereas sheep uterus into 4 peaks when subjected to low pressure liquid chromatography. In analytical RP-HPLC, sheep intestinal acid extracted proteins were separated into 6 peaks having elution time of 8.20, 8.41, 8.85, 9.14, 9.52 and 11, and 7 peaks were detected at 6.06, 8.11, 8.42, 8.85, 9.15, 9.47, and 11.30 min in acid extract of sheep tracheal mucosa. When mucosal proteins were subjected to SDS- PAGE 11 protein bands were detected (166.3 kDa to 7.9 kDa) in sheep intestine. 16 bands were detected (166.3 kDa to 9.3 kDa) in sheep uterus and 14 bands were detected (166.3 kDa to 9.3 kDa) in sheep trachea. 166.3 kDa, 117.2 kDa and 100.0 kDa proteins are found common in all the 3 tissues. Acid extract of sheep intestine, sheep uterus and sheep tracheal mucosal layers were separated into 11, 12 and 11 protein bands each respectively, when subjected to 15% acid urea PAGE.


This paper discusses the development of a headset design that accommodates four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), a process that stimulates the vestibular nerve via low current paths and interferes with the virtual perception of rotation about all three axes.


Copyright © The Author(s). 2021 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. This new book by Peter Kirchslager discusses digitalization, robotization, and automation of the economy, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) from an ethical perspective. The book can be read in the context of the responsible research and innovation (RRI) framework, where ethics is one of the key elements. The Horizon Europe programme of the European Union has several cross-disciplinary projects and interventions to research on ethical dimensions of the digital economy.


Convention and Contravention in Ben Jonson�s Three Comedies: Volpone, The Alchemist, Bartholomew Fair is a book about Jonson�s convention of comedy that is a disguise for the realities of life. The book aims to show the importance of the truths that are generally away from the human eye in Jonson�s time through scrutiny of Volpone, The Alchemist, and Bartholomew Fair. Selected plays are in a dialogue with Shakespeare�s As You Like It, Measure for Measure, and Twelfth Night, and close analysis of the texts of the plays offers the reader a detailed study of the upside down world of the comedic, carnivalesque period that enables characters free themselves of their responsibilities. The plays end in harmony, taking all scattered parts of the disarray of the carnival time back to its normal. Madness, lack of morality, deceitfulness, confusion, misunderstandings, and disguise are common elements in all the plays discussed in the book. Ben Jonson takes the opportunity and presents a critical viewpoint about the Elizabethan and Jacobean laxity and leniency, making the carnivalesque spirit central to his criticism. This book intends to immerse into ways in which characters create chaos within themselves in the selected plays. Shakespeare�s selected plays are supplementary texts that richly add layers, branches, and offices to the reading of Jonson�s society rather than just enriching the comedic impact of the performances.


Taking the same trial wave function, the ground-state energy of Fr\"{o}hlich polaron is investigated by variational method and coherent-state expansion (CSE) one, respectively. Within the accuracy to $\alpha^{2}$(the electron-phonon coupling constant), both methods can give the same analytic expressions of polaron ground-state energy as the function of electron-phonon coupling constant. We find that the CSE method can much simplify the calculation and shows more advantages in higher order approximations.


Background: The key objective of pharmacology education is to make graduates competent enough to prescribe safely and effectively. There is worldwide speculation of inadequacy of pharmacology education to achieve the expected learning outcomes. Problem-based pharmacotherapy is considered as one of the crucial way to prepare future physicians as rational prescribers. As assessment drives learning priorities, adequate weightage on problem-based questions in undergraduate pharmacology examination might be helpful. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the undergraduate pharmacology written question papers (SAQ) of MBBS curriculum of 07 different universities (Bangladesh University of Professionals, University of Dhaka, University of Chittagong, University of Rajshahi, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong and Gono Bishwabidyalay) of Bangladesh in last 10 years (January 2010 to November 2019). Total 131 question papers were collected, and trend and weightage of problem-based questions were evaluated. Results: Problem-based questions have been reduced dramatically over the decade and mean percentage of marks allocated for problem-based questions was 1.2 (SD1.3) over last years. There was significant difference (<0.00001) of weightage of problem-based questions among different universities of Bangladesh. Highest presence of problem-based question was observed in Gono Bishwabidyalay (GB), followed by Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), University of Rajshahi (RU) and Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP) but there was not a single problem-based question in University of Dhaka (DU), University of Chittagong (CU) and University of Science and Technology (USTC) over 10 years period. Conclusion: Current study revealed negligible presence of problem-based questions in undergraduate pharmacology written question papers of Bangladesh over 10 years period.


Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications have attracted great research interest. Due to the limited on-board energy, the optimization of energy efficiency (EE) is critical for UAV communications. In this paper, we propose an EE maximization scheme for UAV swarm-enabled small cell networks using large-scale channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). The proposed scheme provides an agile coordination strategy for the UAVs in a swarm under energy constraints. We first formulate the EE maximization problem, where the objective function is defined as the ratio of the ergodic total data size to the total energy consumption. After that, an accurate approximation is derived to remove the intractable expectation operator in the objective function. As the newly formulated problem is non-convex, we decompose it into two subproblems to optimize the transmit power and the hovering time in an iterative way. Further by leveraging the max-min and linear optimization tools, both subproblems are efficiently solved. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our EE maximization scheme.


According to current estimates, as many as 4.5 million people in Europe suffer from the heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH).1 Their plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is two to three times above normal from birth, and accordingly, if untreated, the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is markedly increased compared with non-HeFH populations.1 Indeed, in the pre-statin era, a clinical study on the incidence of CHD in patients with molecularly defined HeFH showed that the mean age of onset of symptomatic CHD was 42 ± 7 (SD) years for men and 48 ± 11 years for women, and that the corresponding ages at the time of first AMI were 47 ± 12 and 59 ± 13 years, respectively ( Figure 1 ).2 The early onset of clinically significant CHD in the pre-statin era is understandable, since the plasma concentration of LDL-C strongly elevated from birth. It also explains the early onset of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in these patients. Thus, extrapolation of coronary angiographic data from HeFH males and HeFH females predicted that, on average, coronary stenosis starts at 17 and 25 years of age, respectively ( Figure 2 ).3 Corresponding non-invasive data have been obtained recently by assessing accumulation of coronary plaque burden with computed tomography angiography in a HeFH patient population on suboptimal statin therapy, which had been initiated in adulthood.4 When the plaque burden was extrapolated to age, the data suggested that atherosclerotic plaques may start to develop in HeFH males and females at a mean age of ∼20 and 30 years, respectively. Moreover, the total plaque burden significantly predicted future coronary …


The invention discloses an electro-coppering solution of a soluble anode for hole filling, which is particularly applicable to a electro-coppering hole filling process of a soluble anode for a PCB (Printed Circuit Board), and belongs to the technical field of the electroplating of PCBs. When an electro-coppering anode is the soluble anode, through adding cuprous removers, which are a series of aldehyde group compounds and saccharide compounds, such as reducing substances of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxalic acid, lactose, glucose and the like, into the electro-coppering solution containing sulfuric acid, copper sulfate, chloride ions, an accelerator, an inhibitor and a leveling agent, cuprous irons in the solution are reduced to be copper; the content of the cuprous irons in the solution is decreased; thus, the perfect filling of various blind holes and through holes is realized.


Tannins are natural water-soluble products, characterized by a phenolic structure and the ability to bind and precipitate proteins. They are widely found in natural products, and their 'historical' utilization was in tanning animal hides into leather. Nowadays, tannins are extensively used in the food and beverage industry and in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for their positive effects on human health. In conventional processes, tannins are extracted from vegetable material by using water as a solvent in a temperature range of 40–90 °C; other polyphenols are always extracted and classified as nontannins. The scope of this work is to characterize chestnut tree wood in terms of the total extractable tannins. To this aim, analytic methods, reported in the literature, for the quantitative determination of these compounds in aqueous solution of unknown composition have been assessed. Experimental data on equilibrium distribution of tannins between solid (wood) and liquid (water) at a temperature of 80 °C are presented. The obtained results have been correlated by means of the Freundlich isotherm. Experimental data are also reported on the extraction kinetics of tannins from the solid phase. Experimental extraction curves were simulated by a plug flow model, and an overall mass transfer coefficient was evaluated. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A supported liquid membrane has been used as a sample clean-up and/or enrichment technique in the recovery of a mixture of aminoglycoside compounds from cow's milk and urine. The aminoglycoside compounds studied include, neomycin, gentamycin (mainly gentamycin C 1 a ), and streptomycin. The supported liquid membrane (SLM) used to trap these compounds consisted of (1:1) l-decanol:n-undecane. Several factors affecting the extraction efficiencies during SLM enrichment, such as donor and acceptor phases pHs, were studied. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to a positive ion electrospray-mass spectrometer was used as a detection method for these antibiotic compounds with their minor structural components. The extraction efficiencies obtained after SLM enrichment ranged between 60-90% for milk samples and 80- ∼100% for urine matrices. The detection limits obtained from urine was 0.23 μg L - 1 for neomycin, 0.31 μg L - 1 for gentamycin, and 0.16 μg L - 1 for streptomycin and from cow's milk were 0.34 μg L - 1 for neomycin, 0.42 μg L - 1 for gentamycin, and 0.20 μg L - 1 for streptomycin.


We performed shear wave splitting analysis on 203 permanent (French RLPB, CEA and Cat-alonian networks) and temporary (PYROPE and IberArray experiments) broad-band stations around the Pyrenees. These measurements considerably enhance the spatial resolution and coverage of seismic anisotropy in that region. In particular, we characterize with different shear wave splitting analysis methods the small-scale variations of splitting parameters φ and δt along three dense transects crossing the western and central Pyrenees with an interstation spacing of about 7 km. While we find a relatively coherent seismic anisotropy pattern in the Pyrenean domain, we observe abrupt changes of splitting parameters in the Aquitaine Basin and delay times along the Pyrenees. We moreover observe coherent fast directions despite complex lithospheric structures in Iberia and the Massif Central. This suggests that two main sources of anisotropy are required to interpret seismic anisotropy in this region: (i) lithospheric fabrics in the Aquitaine Basin (probably frozen-in Hercynian anisotropy) and in the Pyrenees (early and late Pyrenean dynamics); (ii) asthenospheric mantle flow beneath the entire region (imprint of the western Mediterranean dynamics since the Oligocene).


Thermal conduction silicone grease coating is one of the most important methods for passive temperature control of spacecraft equipment. It is difficult to have quantitative control over coating thickness and coating uniformity by manual coating method. This paper introduces the application, coating method and heat transfer mechanism of thermal conduction silicone grease, and proposes a thermal conduction silicone grease coating method for spacecraft equipment based on stencil printing. Also, this paper proves that the method is feasible with pull-off test, thermal vacuum test and thermal conduction test. The test results found that the contact rate of thermal conduction silicone grease with stencil coating is higher than that with manual coating; stencil coating does not cause abnormal overflow of thermal conduction silicone grease; the thermal conduction with stencil coating is nearly the same as that with manual coating.


The intermetallic compound, MoSi2, has great potential as an elevated-temperature structural material but it exhibits some undesirable properties such as low fracture toughness and low strength at elevated temperatures. Improvement of these properties can be achieved by reinforcing MoSi2 with the addition of SiC particles or whiskers, or by alloying it with Mo5Si3. The preparation of MoSi2 composites from powders gives rise to an oxidation problem since SiO2 covers the raw powder. To avoid this problem, the material must be prepared in situ. In this work, multiphase composites based on the Mo-Si-C system have been prepared using a solid-state displacement reaction between Mo2C and Si. Samples were prepared from a mixture, containing different proportions of Si and Mo2C powders, which was pelletized under vacuum at 40MPa and heat-treated in argon. The pieces obtained exhibit different proportions of SiC, MoSi2 and Mo5Si3. The microhardness obtained ranges from 12 to 14GPa, and Kc is over 8MPa·m1/2, which is higher than that of pieces made of MoSi2 only.


Luohua gold deposit, lied to the east of gold metallogenic region of southwest Guizhou, is only a gold ore point in Luodian area, its great surpassing in the region is a guide of prospecting and provides new clue for exploration bearings further. Integrating the comprehensive filed data, this paper illustrates the geological characteristic of Luohua gold deposit and, primarily generalizes the regular of mineralization and concentration and prospecting criteria, and raises the exploration bearings in this region.


Pattern matching is the problem of locating a speciic pattern inside raw data. The pattern is usually a collection of strings described in some formal language. Applications require two kinds of solution depending on which string, the pattern or the text, is given rst. Solutions based on the use of automata or combinatorial properties of strings are commonly implemented to preprocess the pattern. The notion of indexes realized by trees or automata is used in the second kind of solutions. The aim of data compression is to provide representation of data in a reduced form in order to both save storage place and save transmission time. There is no loss of information, the compression processes are reversible. Pattern matching and text compression algorithms are two important subjects in the wider domain of text processing. They apply to the manipulation of texts (word editors), to the storage of textual data (text compression), and to data retrieval systems (full text search). They are basic components used in implementations of practical softwares existing under most operating systems. Moreover, they emphasize programming methods that serve as paradigms in other elds of computer science (system or software design). Finally, they also play an important role in theoretical computer science by providing challenging problems. Although data are memorized in various ways, text remains the main form to exchange information. This is particularly evident in litterature or linguistics where data are composed of huge corpus and dictionaries. This apply as well to computer science where a large amount of data are stored in linear les. And this is also the case, for instance, in molecular biology because biological molecules can often be approximated as sequences of nucleotides or aminoacids. Furthermore, the quantity of available data in these elds tend to double every eighteen months. This is the reason why algorithms should be eecient even if the speed and capacity of storage of computers increase regularly. When the pattern is a single string the problem is known as string matching: locate all occurrences of a string x of length m in a text y of length n. The string and the text are built over the same alphabet of size. The naive algorithm locates all occurrences in time O(nm). But hashing provides a simple method that avoids the quadratic number of symbol comparisons in most practical situations, and that runs in linear time under reasonnable probabilistic assumptions (Harrison …


The article is a brief review of several medieval aesthetic concepts continuing the line of "aesthetics of light", outlined in the treatises of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. The main subject of the research is the interpretation of the "light" Areopagitic symbolism by John Scotus Eriugena, Ulrich of Strasbourg, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Robert Grosseteste, and Bonaventure. The article aims at demonstrating the similarities and differences in the scholastic period thinkers' realization of the same model of understanding the beauty.


Hamilton Harbour is a chronically eutrophic embayment located at the western end of Lake Ontario that has experienced many decades of agricultural, industrial, and urban contamination. It has been identified as an Area of Concern under the terms of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the United States. This study examines the ecology of the phytoplankton communities at one centrally located station during the ice-free period (May–October) of three non-consecutive years: 2002, 2004 and 2006. This was the first comprehensive study to be conducted since the 1970s. It was found that the phytoplankton communities are diverse and fluctuate throughout the year, along with changing nutrient, physical and environmental conditions. No consistent patterns of seasonal succession were observed throughout the study. Phytoflagellates including Cryptophyceae and Dinophyceae had a tendency to outnumber and out-compete other phytoplankton since they are mobile and able to seek out optimal habitats within the water column. For a highly eutrophic water body, algal biomass (annual mean ≈ 2.0 g m−3) was lower than expected and more consistent with mesotrophic conditions–an observation first made by researchers in the 1970s and attributed to the highly variable physical environment. While our study supports these earlier results, we also conclude that zooplankton grazing likely has a significant role in limiting the size of the algal standing crop. Several algal bloom events were captured during our study. In addition to the somewhat predictable blooms of Diatomeae in the spring and Cyanophyta in the summer, we also observed blooms of Cryptophyceae and Dinophyceae. In one case we observed a bloom with no dominant taxon–it contained a diverse mixture of Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyta and Dinophyceae–challenging the commonly held notion that algal blooms are essentially monocultures. Our results show that such a variable and stressed ecosystem requires frequent sampling to capture the rapid changes that occur.


Purpose: Several manufacturers have implemented their ultrasound (US) equipements with shear wave elastography (SWE) very recently, so that there is still a lack of data about clinical performances of many of them in evaluating liver stiffness (LS). Since the introduction of first SWE device, the number of biopsies has dramatically dropped, hence new techniques can be hardly validated versus histology. Possibly already validated systems should be considered as reference standards. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between point SWE (pSWE) on MyLab Twice (Esaote, Genova, Italy) and two-dimensional SWE (2DSWE) on Aixplorer (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) as reference. Materials and methods: Consecutive healthy and liver disease patients (regardless of etiology) accessing the US lab were considered. Exclusion criteria were focal liver lesions, age 35, severe extrahepatic comorbidities. LS was sampled intercostally from at least one intercostal space with both equipments. 110 LS measurements were obtained with both techniques from the same intercostal space and tested with Pearson correlation, Lin's correlation concordance coefficient (CCC) and Bland-Altman analysis (BA p 20 KPa) which does not affect staging of disease as such patients are anyhow classified as in cirrhotic stage.


HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICSA magnet for the Large Hadron Collider failed during a key test because of a design flaw, officials at the European particle physics laboratory CERN announced last week. ([Read more][1].)

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/316/5821/31


— The objective of off-axis neutral beam (NB) current drive (CD) is to supplement the off-axis electron cyclotron current drive for development of steady state, advanced tokamak scenarios. A mod-ification being considered is to tilt the present neutral beam lines (BL) by raising the source end of the BL by (cid:25) 1.5 m. The driven current is calculated using the TRANSP and ONETWO/Nubeam Monte-Carlo codes taking into account finite or-bit effects. When the beam is injected in the same direction as the toroidal field, a wide but localized off-axis CD ( (cid:25) 40 kA/MW at (cid:26) = 0.5 with FWHM of 0.45) is calculated. The normalized CD efficiency ( (cid:16) = 0.22) is comparable or somewhat better than electron cyclotron current drive. Sensitivities to fast ion diffusion and the use of the off-axis CD for scenarios with high steady-state performance in DIII-D will be discussed.


The vapor transport of the "9.3" heavy rain in Sichuan is studied based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.It is found that the vapor in the heavy rain is mainly from the South China Sea and the west Pacific Ocean.The anomalous vapor transport gives a bigger contribution to the heavy rain.It comes from the northward vapor transport in the South China Sea,the west Pacific Ocean,the East Sea and the Yellow Sea and the southward vapor transport from north and the Plateau.The vapor transport from the Bay of Bengle does not play an obvious role in the heavy rain.The subtropical high in the western Pacific anomaly strengthens and moves westward before the onset of the heavy rain.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the FGP friction fit system as alternative to other procedures for double-crown systems. FGP is a resin material that has a coefficient of friction more favourable than the metal, so it provides minimal wear and long lifetime, high patient comfort, eliminates complicated adjustments tensions arising due to metal to metal framework friction at multiple items.


Objective: In the medical literature, it has been shown that quality of life and sleep quality are impaired due to allergic rhinitis and are improved with treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine the change in sleep quality of patients with allergic rhinitis using allergen-specific immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis according to the clinical evaluation and skin prick test findings in Celal Bayar University Allergy-Immunology Outpatient Department were enrolled in our study. Sleep quality was evaluated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) just before specific immunotherapy was initiated and at the end of the first year of treatment with specific immunotherapy. Results: Frequency of having healthy sleep increased significantly after specific immunotherapy in the patients (p< 0.001). A significant correlation was detected between the changes in symptom score and PSQI when evaluated with Spearman correlation analysis (p= 0.01). Improvement was demonstrated in subjective sleep quality, sleep la


A review of free space optical communications systems is presented. Communication topics such as modulation and detection are discussed in relation to optical links. Negative channel effects such as scattering and absorption are investigated with respect to their impact on the channel and the associated bit error rates. The challenges posed by atmospheric disturbances are considered. New sources and detectors in transmitter and receiver circuits are proposed. Finally, power link budgets are prepared for free space systems to illustrate the losses incurred during transmission.


Through the experiences and skills obtained in the retrieval practices,this paper introduces the retrieval functions of the search engine and the characteristics,usages and retrieval methods of the retrieval tools for the network information,in the light of the characteristics of network news,points out several methods and approaches for seaching the important web sites.


Competition is increasing in a job market in which workers are beginning to think of themselves more and more as free agents. As a result, companies now must begin to cater to the desires of employees. With fresh and innovative benefits emerging in other industries, steel companies have no alternative but to follow suit.


In recent years, the pipeline flowing of natural gas hydrate (hereinafter NGH) slurry has been a promising technique of multiphase flowing via pipe and that of crushed hydrate mixture slurry is also a key technique in solid fluidization mining method of nondiagenetic NGH reservoir below the seabed. In this paper, by using similarity rules, a small-scale simulation model was established to shorten the calculation time. The correctness of the simulation model has been verified through comparison with experiment. Thereby, the distribution of velocity and volume fraction of each phase in the vertical pipe was obtained, and the prototype of vertical pipe was analyzed. By study on the pipe resistance, the pressure drop of slurry, when flowing in vertical pipe, could be calculated as . In the end, by adjusting volume fraction of particles in the mixture slurry, the relationship between the solid particles' volume fraction and piezometric pressure drop was obtained. When the optimal flow velocity of the slurry is 2 m/s and the ratio of NGH volume fraction to that of sand is 4 : 1, the optimal particle volume fraction ranges from 20% to 40%.


Introduction: Turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences [1] are useful for rapid, high-resolution structural imaging. However, even small movements from cooperative subjects during acquisition can cause severe artifacts, due to the motion sensitivity of this technique. It has been shown that prospective motion correction [2] can compensate for motion during imaging. This work investigates the effects of motion TSE sequences and the influence of two types of prospective motion correction on image quality. Methods: All experiments were performed on a 3 T Magnetom Trio (Siemens Healthcare, Germany) using an optical in-bore system [3] to track head position. Two turbo spin echo sequences (2D TSE and the 3D TSE variant 'SPACE' [4]) were modified to perform prospective motion correction (Fig.1). In a first step, motion correction was applied once per TR. Then, to correct for motion during the echo train, additional position updates were introduced before each refocusing pulse without interruption of the sequence timing (as previously done for DWI [5]). Phantom experiments were performed to investigate the influence of motion during and between echo trains. To achieve this, different motion artifacts were reproduced using the ability of the motion correction technique to simulate relative motion between scanner and phantom [6]. Both sequences were tested in vivo. All parameters used are shown in Tab 1. For the SPACE sequence, a GRAPPA acceleration factor of 2 was used. The volunteers were instructed to perform either small position changes in the range of one millimeter (protocol 2 and 4) or to stay as still as possible (protocol 3). Results: Figure 2 shows results from the phantom experiments simulating motion during (A, B) and between (C, D) echo trains in two degrees of freedom. In Fig. 3 the results of two 2D TSE experiments are presented. The first experiment using protocol 2 included three measurements (A, B, and C) with small constant motion (~0.2 mm, ~0.1 deg). The second experiment using protocol 3 (high resolution) for two acquisitions (D and E) with no deliberate motion (slow drifts of ~2 mm, ~2 deg). Selected slices from the SPACE measurements are presented in Fig. 4. First a measurement (A) with no deliberate motion is displayed for comparison. In the following measurements the volunteer was performing small constant movements (~2 mm, ~2 deg). First, an uncorrected image is shown (B). The following two images show the results of performing correction once per excitation (C) and a continuous motion correction during the echo train (D). Discussion: The phantom experiments show that the effect of motion during the readout train is not negligible when faster motion occurs or a higher turbo factor is used. In vivo experiments support these first results. In the standard 2D protocol the correction of single echo trains reduces inconsistencies of the acquired data and the resulting artifacts. Further motion correction seems not to be necessary in the case of short echo trains. However, this first correction already leads to great improvements in image quality even when used on extremely cooperative volunteers. When longer readouts are used (e.g. SPACE), a correction once per excitation is not sufficient and the continuous correction of the echo train shows further improvement. Even with continuous head motion during the whole examination it becomes possible to acquire images comparable to those of a patient staying still. In conclusion, this work shows that prospective motion correction can improve results of high resolution TSE imaging even in cooperative volunteers while preserving the desired sequence timing.


Levels of human decidua-associated protein (hDP)200 were measured in homogenized placental tissue samples obtained from 26 induced and 24 missed abortions at 8–23 weeks of pregnancy. No significant difference in the level of placental hDP200 was observed comparing normal pregnancies and missed abortions. Moreover, no significant change in the level of placental hDP200 was demonstrated throughout normal pregnancies and those ending with missed abortions. Our results show that the level of hDP200 in placental tissue, measured by double-site ELISA, is probably incompatible with the normal continuation of pregnancy.


Mixed acceptance sampling schemes are commonly used for consumer protection. In a typical application, a sample is taken from a product lot and tested to check that the average value of the sample is not less than the labelled net content, and that there is no 'unreasonable' deficiency in any individual item. Exact and approximate expressions are obtained for the probabilities of failure or success under such schemes and under a variety of conditions.


This study is based on qualitative data from interviews and observations with seven principals representing two urban high schools, two urban middle schools, and three elementary schools. The study analyzes the views held by these principals about what novice teachers need to learn and grow, and examines what these principals are doing to meet these needs. The study contributes to a better understanding of the principal's role in furthering novice teachers' professional growth. The principals' responses address three issues: What novice teachers need to learn, how they learn, and what principals should do to help novices grow professionally.


The tourism industry acquires special significance in the modern world economy. A growing number of countries become "active participants" in the development of world tourism; in many countries, the share of the tourism industry in the country's economy has increased significantly, which in turn increases the share of the tourism economy in the modern world economy. In this connection, the interest to the tourism development is obvious. It seems to be of high relevance to study, in particular, the domestic tourism, from the perspective of maintaining and developing the regional economies. The relevant problems of domestic tourism in the Chuvash Republic are reflected herein based on the scientific study. The necessity of manifestation in modern conditions of an active regional policy in the tourist industry by the state and municipal authorities of Chuvashia is substantiated. The recommendations for enhancement of the efficiency of actions in the field of tourism taken by the regional authorities, aimed at improving the level of competitiveness of the republican tourist product in the domestic and international tourist markets, are proposed.


Abstract The effects of considering thermal transport in weld modelling of residual stress and distortion are evaluated by performing a thermal transport analysis first to compute the temperature history which is then used as loading in a conventional elastoplastic analysis to compute the residual stress. A gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and a hybrid GMAW/laser welding case are used as examples. For each weld, residual stresses are computed once assuming conductive heat transfer only and once assuming convective (thermal transport) heat transfer. For GMAW welding, both heat conduction and thermal transport analyses produced similar temperature, residual stress and distortion results, indicating that heat conduction modelling with the double ellipsoid model may be sufficient for modelling GMAW. For hybrid welding, the heat conduction and thermal transport analyses produced different temperature histories and distortion results, demonstrating the need for including thermal transport effects in modelling keyhole welding. However, the residual stress results were in close agreement, suggesting that heat conduction analyses may be sufficiently accurate for computing residual stress even in keyhole welding.


Recent changes involving Mexico City, the main metropolis in Mexico and one of the world's largest megacities, are a slowing demographic growth and the relocation of industrial activities from the city proper to other cities in the Central Region. One of the important features of this process is the extension of existing location economies for manufacturing industries from the strictly urban, or metropolitan scale, to a somewhat more regional level. This paper argues that this territorial restructuring is highly influenced by four main processes: (1) a spatially selective industrialization where a few cities, rural areas and economic corridors are emerging as industrial locations; (2) accessibility and transaction flows where the main road network and commodity flows determine the primary urban structure and the formation of economic corridors; (3) a concentrated pattern of foreign investment that shows a marked preference for the urban "core" and which reinforces its economic importance; (4) a territorial industrial specialization pattern whose main feature is a mixture of dispersion and concentration trends according to the type of manufacturing industry. Territorial restructuring in this region is an excellent example of an emerging spatial order associated to megaurbanization, with a rapid growth of nearby cities, a polycentric urban pattern, and the arrival of manufacturing industry in selective sites. However, this process seems to reinforce current intraregional inequalities, as the places with the best economic advantages tend to receive larger investments.


WATHILE it is clear that forces such as the Civil Rights Movement and the South's increasing industrialization and urbanization have had a profound effect on Southern politics, there is uncertainty about what will replace, or has replaced, the one-party, race-dominated politics described by Key.' Three models of the South's reaction to the "Second Reconstruction"2 have been proposed: convergence, realignment and dealignment.3 The convergence model states that the South will react to the Second Reconstruction by replacing its traditional style of politics with a two-party, competitive type of politics similar to that found elsewhere in the country. In this "new" Southern politics, political preferences will be more a matter of social status than of race. According to the convergence model, class issues will become more important, and race issues will become relatively less important in Southern politics. The realignment model states that party competition will increase in the South as a result of efforts on the part of the white electorate to maintain the pre-Second Reconstruction form of politics despite the challenges presented by the enfranchisement of a large number of black voters. White Southerners will maintain the pre-Second Reconstruction form of politics by uniformly shifting their party loyalties from the black-supported Democratic party to the Republican party. Thus, according to the realignment model, race will continue to be the dominant factor influencing political preferences in the region. The dealignment model also states that party competition will increase in the region. Additionally, the dealignment model, like the realignment model, states that (1) race will continue to be the dominant factor influencing political preferences in southern politics, and (2) white Southerners, in order to maintain the pre-Second Reconstruction form of politics, will abandon the pro-integrationist Democratic party. The dealignment model, however, does not hold that the Republican party will benefit from this shift in party loyalties. Instead, the dealignment model hypothesizes that white Southerners will become unattached to any party, and thus will constitute a floating bloc of voters available to whatever candidate best represents their interests.4


Background Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to improve the function of infarcted heart, but its effects on atherosclerosis are unclear. Methods and Results We examined these and the potential mechanisms in the high-fat diet rabbit model. Six-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits, fed the high-cholesterol (1%) diet or not for 10 weeks, were injected with vehicle or G-CSF (15 μg/kg/day, five days/week for three weeks) subcutaneously daily. G-CSF similarly increased the number of circulating white blood cells (WBC) but not that of platelet both in normal and high-fat diet groups although platelet aggregation function was increased by G-CSF only in normal diet group. G-CSF further increased the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) at an early phase and atherosclerotic lesions area in the thoracic aorta compared with the vehicle treatment only in high-fat diet group. High-fat diet-induced arterial endothelium damage and collagen hyperplasia were greatly aggravated by G-CSF. G-CSF up-regulated endothelin-1 (ET-1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and down-regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressions in thoracic aorta of high-fat diet groups but did not occur in the normal diet group. Conclusions The results suggest that G-CSF exacerbates lipid abnormity and endothelium damage in hyperlipidemia rabbits, thereby resulting in the deterioration of atherosclerosis. ET-1/eNOS system and MMP-9/TIMP-2 family may regulate the progression.


"Road Civilizations of the 20th Century" was a historical symposium at the 23rd World Road Congress in Paris. The author presents an overview of symposium topics, including a technical history of roads; the road as an element of cultural heritage; and a history of roads inspired by mobility. Vintage illustrations and photographs complement the article.


We study the Jahn-Teller effect of positive fullerene ions {sup 2}C{sub 60}{sup +} and {sup 1}C{sub 60}{sup 2+}. The aim is to discover if this case, in analogy with the negative ion, possesses a Berry phase or not, and what are the consequences on dynamical Jahn-Teller quantization. Working in the linear and spherical approximation, we find no Berry phase in {sup 1}C{sub 60}{sup 2+}, and presence/absence of Berry phase for coupling of one {ital L}=2 hole to an {ital L}=4/{ital L}=2 vibration. We study in particular the special equal-coupling case ({ital g}{sub 2}={ital g}{sub 4}), which is reduced to the motion of a particle on a five-dimensional sphere. In the icosahedral molecule, the final outcome assesses the presence and/or absence of a Berry phase of {pi} for the {ital h}{sub {ital u}} hole coupled to {ital G}{sub {ital g}}/{ital H}{sub {ital h}} vibrations. Some qualitative consequences on ground- state symmetry, low-lying excitations, and electron emission from C{sub 60} are spelled out. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The article studies on the present situation of children's amatuar sports school in Zhejiang province and factors influencing the efficiency of schools. The article uses statistical way to make conclusions.The conclusions are,the factors which influence the sports schools include sports system factor,educatioal system factor,society factor and family factor.


participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive oral misoprostol (n=932) or a Foley catheter (n=927). The misoprostol dose was 50mg every 4 hours with a maximum of 3 doses per day. Introduction of a 16 or 18 French Foley catheter into the cervix was performed either digitally or with a vaginal speculum; the balloon was then inflated with 30mL of saline or water. If cervical ripening was inadequate at 24 or 48 hours, the catheter could be replaced. The primary outcome of the study was a composite of neonatal asphyxia, defined by umbilical artery pH r7.05 or 5-minute Apgar score <7, and postpartum hemorrhage, defined as Z1000mL over 24 hours. The study found that the primary outcome (neonatal asphyxia or postpartum hemorrhage) occurred in 12.2% of women in the misoprostol group and in 11.5% of women in the Foley catheter group (adjusted relative risk, 1.06; 90% confidence interval, 0.86-1.31; risk difference 0.7%; 90% CI, –1.8 to 3.2). The cesarean section rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (16.8% in the misoprostol group vs. 20.1% in the Foley catheter group) although fewer cesarean sections did occur for failure to progress in the first stage of labor for the misoprostol group than for the Foley catheter group (6.2% vs. 10.6%; relative risk, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.79; P=0.00054). The vaginal instrumental delivery rate was also higher for the misoprostol group (13.5% vs. 9.6%). The number of serious adverse events was comparable for the 2 groups (27 in the misoprostol group and 25 in the Foley group) with none of them attributed to the study drug or procedure. The investigators concluded that in terms of safety and effectiveness, induction of labor using oral misoprostol is noninferior to using a Foley catheter. Because misoprostol is economical, easily stored, and has a long shelf-life it could be a good option for labor induction in low-resource settings. The authors recommended studies be conducted to assess its feasibility and safety in such a setting.


Background: While the veins are primarly affected by compressing or invasive tumors, the arteries usually undergo only a less pronounced stenosis, due to the higher internal pressure. However, some tumors infiltrate the arterial adventitia which should be resected or might be injured in cases where radical surgery is attempted. Patients and methods: We report some technical principles utilized in various vascular localizations and mid-term survival observed in a group of 35 patients in whom a vascular reconstruction was performed during the surgical treatment of a malignant tumor. The following vessels were involved: carotid artery (n=5), superior vena cava (n=9), aortic arch (n=1), subclavian artery (n=1), right atrium ± inferior vena cava (n=6), abdominal aorta (n=3) and finally iliac artery and/or vein (n=10). The following surgical techniques were employed: extra-anatomic bypass (n=3), in situ reconstruction (n=23) using either prosthetic graft or saphenous vein interposition, patch angioplasty with a...


This paper proposes a quick and smooth speed servo system considering acceleration torque and total harmonic distortion (THD) for AC servo motor, which realizes both a quick speed response in trasient state and a small value of THD in steady state. The proposed system has a new space voltage vector modulation (SVM) inverter, which is the mixed voltage limitation method of SVM. The proposed method achieves the fine performance in the experimental results of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPM motor).


Review on PDCD6 (programmed cell death 6), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


We consider a cooperative spectrum sensing problem in which a relay user (RU) assists a secondary user (SU) in order to detect the presence of a primary user (PU). We propose three different schemes, namely amplify-and-forward, compress-and-forward, and decode-and-forward, where the RU transmits an amplified, compressed or decoded version of the observed signal toward the SU, respectively. We investigate the Neyman — Pearson criterion for each scheme. The theoretical performance of the tests is then analyzed in terms of probability of false alarm and mis-detection and closed-form expressions are derived for Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results illustrate significant cooperative gain achieved by the proposed strategies. Numerical results are provided that give insights into the trade-offs between the primary and RU's transmit power and the performance of the proposed protocols in this three node network.


Plants have an important role in mitigating climate change because plants are able to absorb carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases. Good plant growth and high yields are a reflection of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide gas, so various efforts aimed at this, such as fertilization can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. This research aims to determine the use of liquid organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient uptake and growth of corn plants. This research was conducted in the Jumantono experimental field, Karanganyar. The research used the Randomized Block Design method, 9 treatments (A = Control, B = NPK standard, C = ¼ NPK + 1 POC, D = ½ NPK + 1 POC, E = ¾ NPK +1 POC, F = 1 NPK + 1 POC, G = ¾ NPK + ¼ POC, H = ¾ NPK + ½ POC, I = ¾ NPK + ¾ POC) with 3 replications, so we get 27 samples. The results showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer doses of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 1 combined with inorganic fertilizers gave no different results on nutrient uptake and increased plant growth, especially in the number of leaves and stem diameter, but differed in plant height. The application of 1 dose of liquid organic fertilizer and 3/4 dose of inorganic fertilizer gives higher yields compared to standard inorganic fertilizers.


Against the characteristics of SONIX New Microcontrollers SN8P2308, this paper proposes a project of designing the small and medium-sized LCD consumer electronic products using SN8P2308, and introduces the interface circuit and process of software design for the system. The design plan will not only effectively reduce the cost of the system, improve stability of the system and shorten the development cycle; but also complete the dual mandate of LCD display driver and the system control excellently, thereby saving the extra expenses in LCD driver circuit hardware.


A subject in the history of business that is waiting to be studied is the development of ideas on how business should be conducted and, secondary to that, how business men should be trained. Training in tool subjects—writing, bookkeeping, etc.—is almost as old as business, and commercial geography and law have long been considered proper subjects for the aspiring young merchant's clerk to study. As for the science of business, that field has been left almost entirely to the economic theorist, with the result that it has not in reality been a "science of business" at all.


ABSTRACT The task of this article is to outline foundations of a Marxist-humanist approach to communication justice, media justice, and digital justice. A dialectical approach to justice is outlined that differs from idealist monism, dualism, and pluralism. It conceives of injustice as alienation and inhumanity and justice as humanism. This approach is applied to communication, media, and the digital. The article outlines concepts and dimensions of (in)justice in general, communication (in)justice, media (in)justice, and digital (in)justice.


There are 20 corn's hybrids,and those are 4 inbred lines as females and 5 inbred lines as males. The design is according to NCⅡ incomplete diallel cross. The experiment determinate germination potential,germination percentage,germination index and vigor index. The results showed that the seed vigor and combining ability is best of the combinations P5×P8,P4×P9,P2×P7;the combinations P3×P8,P3×P7,P4×P6,P2×P8 are batter,and we must do experiment further.


Of all living insect groups the thysanuran family Lepismatidae is probably nearest to the ancestral stock from which the higher, winged insects have evolved (Tillyard, '30; Imms, '36; Snodgrass, '38; etc.). Yet our knowledge of lepismatid embryology comes chiefly from investigations made over a half century ago by Heymons (1896b, 1897b) on the embryology of Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus and by Ueel (1897a, 1898) on the embryology of the same species. Further embryological work is needed on lepismatids because of the incompleteness of the previous reports, as a taxonomic aid, and because of Heymons' report of the origin from yolk cells of the midgut epithelium of L. saccharina. Heymons' report has been mentioned by nearly all of the numerous writers on the homology of the germ layers in insects. Some authors express varying degrees of doubt concerning the accuracy of the observation (Philiptschenko, '12a, '12b ; Dawydoff, '28, p. 561 ; Eastham, '30) while others consider a reinvestigation advisable or essential (Tiegs and Murray, '38; Tiegs, '40; etc.). Recent reports that the midgut epithelium of Thermobia domestica is formed wholly (Sahrhage, '53) or partly (Wellhouse, '53) from stomodaeal and proctodaeal anlage were not corroborated by the present investigator.


We discuss some properties of the scalar moving Preisach model (MPM) in relation to the description of magnetic interactions. MPM predictions for the behavior of Henkel plots are worked out. The role of the factorization properties of the Preisach distribution and the consequences of the joint presence of mean‐field effects and local random interactions are discussed. Literature data are analyzed in the frame of this description, with particular attention to thin‐film media with perpendicular magnetization, where mean‐field effects are particularly strong. Some of the theoretical predictions are directly tested by hysteresis and Henkel plot measurements performed on SiFe soft alloys. A good agreement, in some cases involving no adjustable parameters, is found.


Social Alienation has been predictive of negative outcomes among high school and college students. Correlates of Social Alienation were sought in the current study. It was predicted that women would report lower Social Alienation than men, and that members of Greek organizations would report lower Social Alienation than non-affiliated college students. A factorial ANOVA was performed with Social Alienation as the dependent variable and with Gender and Greek Status as factors. The interaction was not significant but two main effects emerged. Student adjustment to college has received a considerable amount of research attention. Early in a student's career, adjustment occurs both in academic and social arenas. Academically, students typically face more work and less individual attention than may have been available in secondary school (Tripathy, 1986). Socially, family separation and weak campus networking may lead to loneliness for new students (Moroi, 1986). If initial loneliness does not diminish, then social alienation may emerge. Social alienation involves a persistent perception of being isolated or removed from others. It appears to be predictive of negative academic outcomes. Rejected children (Clasen, 1987) and lonely high school students (Dobson, 1987) tend to achieve lower grades. Daugherty, Vaughn, and Lane (1997) found in a longitudinal study that Social Alienation may be a factor in college attrition. Eventual dropouts reported significantly higher Social Alienation than graduates. Upmanyu, Upmanyu, & Dhingra (1992) found that loneliness may vary as a function of gender. Specifically, men tend to report more loneliness than women. Perhaps men attribute time alone to personal failure and have difficulty initiating social risk (Schultz & Moore, 1986). However, the relationship between alienation and gender has not been sufficiently studied. Research indicates that students involved in social organizations report significantly less isolation and loneliness. Prisco (1979) found that sorority membership appeared to reduce self-perceived isolation. Moran, Yengo, and Algier (1994) similarly found better social adjustment among participants in a college student organization. The purpose of the current study is to examine two purported correlates of Social Alienation among college students. It is predicted that women will report lower Social Alienation than men, and that members of Greek organizations will report lower Social Alienation than non-affiliated students. The interaction of Gender and Greek Status will be evaluated, though no prediction is being made. Given Social Alienation's relationship with college attrition (Daugherty et al., 1997), a better understanding of the correlates of Social Alienation may be useful to those charged with educating, advising, and counseling students. Methods Participants The sample included 87 students enrolled in undergraduate General Psychology courses. The Gender breakdown was 29 male and 58 female (similar to the proportions in the general student body) participants. The age of the participants ranged from 17 to 27 (M=19.8, SD=1.45) years. All participants provided informed consent. Apparatus The Social Alienation from Classmates Scale (SACS; Seidel & Vaughn, 1991) is a 26 item self-report inventory. A revision of the scale (Daugherty et al., 1997) was used to assess Social Alienation in this college sample. Each item presents a statement about peer relationships, and subjects are asked to indicate how true the item is for them on a scale of 1 (never true) to 4 (very true). The item average is taken as the total score, with higher scores indicating greater Social Alienation. A demographic survey included questions about Gender and Greek Status, embedded among other questions. Students indicated their gender by circling "male" or "female." Students circled "yes" or "no" in response to: "Are you a member of a fraternity or sorority? …


Introduction: An intranasal gel dosage formulation of scopolamine (INSCOP) was developed for the treatment of Space Motion Sickness (SMS).The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics (PK) was evaluated using data collected in Phase II IND protocols. We reported earlier statistically significant gender differences in PK parameters of INSCOP at a dose level of 0.4 mg. To identify covariates that influence PK parameters of INSCOP, we examined population covariates of INSCOP PK model for 0.4 mg dose. Methods: Plasma scopolamine concentrations versus time data were collected from 20 normal healthy human subjects (11 male/9 female) after a 0.4 mg dose. Phoenix NLME was employed for PK analysis of these data using gender, body weight and age as covariates for model selection. Model selection was based on a likelihood ratio test on the difference of criteria (-2LL). Statistical significance for base model building and individual covariate analysis was set at P less than 0.05{delta(-2LL)=3.84}. Results: A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination best described INSCOP concentration ]time profiles. Inclusion of gender, body weight and age as covariates individually significantly reduced -2LL by the cut-off value of 3.84(P less than 0.05) when tested against the base model. After the forward stepwise selection and backward elimination steps, gender was selected to add to the final model which had significant influence on absorption rate constant (ka) and the volume of distribution (V) of INSCOP. Conclusion: A population pharmacokinetic model for INSCOP has been identified and gender was a significant contributing covariate for the final model. The volume of distribution and Ka were significantly higher in males than in females which confirm gender-dependent pharmacokinetics of scopolamine after administration of a 0.4 mg dose.


Objective To explore effects of using low-dose and long-term bay aspirin on the time of venous indwelling in elderly patients.Methods 600 elderly patients with venous indwelling we,re divided into two groups.Patients took bay aspirin 100mg per day for more than 8 weeks were classified into group 1 while those did not take bey aspirin were classified into group 2.The time of venous indwelling were observed.Results There were significantly different in the time of venous indwelling between two groups.Conclusions Using low-dose and long-term bay aspirin can extend the time of venous indwelling.

Key words:
Bay Aspirin;  Venous Indwelling;  Indwelling time


The U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women has funded a collaborative grant proposal from the Marjaree Mason Center, Comprehensive Youth Services, Inc. and the Fresno County Superior Court to improve responses to domestic violence (DV) in Fresno County. Through a $485,573 grant, the new Fresno County Justice for Families program will begin providing services on December 1, 2015 to DV victims and abusers as well as professional education to those who work with them. The project partners will launch videoconferencing services in the spring to allow rural DV victims to connect to services remotely. Throughout the three-year grant period, the Justice for Families program is targeted to assist a total of 900 persons seeking protective orders, provide supervised visits to 310 families, and deliver 186 hours of professional education.


In the present paper, we report the observation of Meyer–Neldel rule for the non-isothermal crystallization of glassy Se70Te30−xAgx alloys. We have observed a strong co-relation between the pre-exponential factor K0 of rate constant K(T ) of crystallization and activation energy of crystallization Ec in the present case. This indicates the presence of compensation effect for the non-isothermal crystallization process in the present glassy system.


Since the time when Laennec directed attention to the peculiar characters of gangrene of the lungs, a considerable number of instances of that lesion have been recorded by Schroeder, Lorinser, Dr Bright, Andral, and Cruveilhier. It is nevertheless a disease, the presence of which it is difficult to distinguish in the early stage from that of other diseases of the lungs ; its determining causes are to-


The report considers the environmental impact of traffic management schemes with particular regard to vehicle exhaust emissions, traffic noise and traffic vibration. It describes the methods used to assess how people perceive each major component of environmental impact, the factors that need to be considered when assessing the environmental consequences of traffic management schemes, and the measurement and prediction procedures that are available to evaluate environmental impacts. It includes a detailed review of some previous case studies of traffic management schemes and gives an appraisal of the likely effects of different traffic management schemes in influencing environmental impacts. It also includes consideration of the gaps in the knowledge that exist and gives ideas that might be used to specify a programme of research designed to gain a more complete understanding of the assessment of the environmental impact of traffic management schemes.


Use of condensing boilers in residential heating systems offers the potential for significant improvements in efficiency. For these to operate in a condensing mode the return water temperature needs to be about 10 degrees below the saturation temperature for the flue gas water vapor. This saturation temperature depends on fuel type and excess air and ranges from about 110 F to 135 F. Conventional baseboard hydronic distribution systems are most common and these are designed for water temperatures in the 180 F range, well above the saturation temperature. Operating strategies which may allow these systems to operate in a condensing mode have been considered in the past. In this study an approach to achieving this for a significant part of the heating season has been tested in an instrumented home. The approach involves use of an outdoor reset control which reduces the temperature of the water circulating in the hydronic loop when the outdoor temperature is higher than the design point for the region. Results showed that this strategy allows the boiler to operate in the condensing region for 80% of the winter heating season with oil, 90% with propane, and 95% with gas, based on cumulative degree days. Themore » heating system as tested combines space heating and domestic hot water loads using an indirect, 40 gallon tank with an internal heat exchanger. Tests conducted during the summer months showed that the return water temperature from the domestic hot water tank heat exchanger is always below a temperature which will provide condensing operation of the boiler. In the field tests both the condensing boiler and the conventional, non-condensing boiler were in the test home and each was operated periodically to provide a direct performance comparison.« less


This brief explains why weaknesses in Pakistan's fruit and vegetable production sector are contributing to postharvest losses and outlines how stronger infrastructure and regulations can improve value chains and support development. It offers a comprehensive value chain analysis for products including apples, chilies, and potatoes, and explains the impact of factors such as inadequate storage, transport, packaging, and finance. It recommends that the government works with the private sector to develop modern agriculture markets, overhaul financing for growers, improve infrastructure and strengthen linkages throughout the value chain to cut losses and make the sector more sustainable.


Chara contraria is described and illustrated for the fi rst time from Bangladesh. This charophyte was collected in a rice fi eld with a soft mud substrate.


The Financial Crisis has intensified the focus on financial regulation at global level, placing it at the top of the G20 agenda. However, global convergence is made more difficult by financial multipolarity, meaning the increased diversity of political preferences reflecting the rise of emerging economies, and financial reregulation, or the trend towards stronger regulation of financial systems to buttress financial stability. In this Policy Brief Nicolas Veron and Stephane Rottier suggest policy priorities for global leaders in a context where global harmonisation of all aspects of financial regulation cannot be achieved, but action is needed at global level to prevent fragmentation of capital markets. This paper is complemented by the same authors' "An Assessment of the G20's initial action items. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2010/08, September 2010 (on this archive), which assesses the implementation and follow-up of the 47 action items included in the G20's agenda since its first summit in Washington in 2008.


The paper presents the research on establishing neural models of target movement. The models are to be adjusted to General Regression Neural Network, as such a filter is a base for multiple model neural filter, which is currently under development. The research presented are a part of the research project "Development of radar target tracking methods with the use of multiple model neural filtering" financed by Polish Ministry of Science and the paper is one of the series. The main goal of the presented research was to examine if different manoeuvring dynamics can be defined as a neural model by a network parameters. The research was conducted with Monte Carlo simulation.


Easily detectable uranium deposits are becoming increasingly rare, and in order to discover them or define their extent, it is now necessary to use more and more delicate geological research methods. This becomes clear from the detailed description given of three new French deposits: Chardon, Jalerys, and Herault deposits. The Chardon deposit (Loire-Atlantic) is small, but rich. Its complete structure was worked out from slight surface indications. In the Jalerys deposit (Saone-et-Loire) the absence of outcrops held up investigations for many years. The Herault deposits, in general, are characterized by good surface indications, but they required the marked improvement of stratigraphic and tectonic methods for depth prospection. (auth)


Getting started. Cohesion. Modality and generic sentences. Processes and participants. Recorded speech and thought. Narrative structure. A few well-chosen words. Talking acts of give and take. Presuppositions.


ABSTRACT This article explores the role of aesthetics in the construction and perception of what constitutes healthy reproduction and reproductive practices. I draw on women's reproductive experiences and navigations within a racialized gendered hierarchy. Processes and procedures related to the governance and measurements of reproduction and reproductive health shape these navigations. Focusing on Black women's experiences, I analyze the ways in which values, sensibilities, and affect connected to particular appearances and arrangements influence reproductive decision-making, reproductive health, and family constructions – what I refer to as aesthetics politics.


This study investigates governmentality in the relationships between local governments and global sports by examining the contexts of broadcasting Major League Baseball (MLB) in South Korea. Compared to how the Korean Baseball League (KBO) was used in the 1980s to divert public interest from political issues and encourage state nationalism, the sensational popularity of MLB in the 1990s helped construct alternative governmentality during the International Monetary Fund intervention. This new governmentality not only legitimated global competition but also emphasized responsible individuals and a new kind of citizen. Rather than arguing either total failure or success of the governmentality of the 1990s, this study suggests that individuated nationalism was its consequence, meaning that most Koreans remained deeply involved with nationalistic discourse but responded to it in different and diverse ways.


The fractal theory created by foreign scientists in the eightise, last century,has been widly applied in many fields, the non-linear fractal theory is being introduced gradually into Reservoir Numerical Simulation. The firstcomers who descriped the pores and the fractures in porous media with fractal dimension and fractal parameter are the foreign scientists and the reservoir engineers, which breaks the traditionary way of using homogeneous or pesudo homogeneous assumption to reflect fractal porous media and makes the theory of fractal reservoir be founded. The farther research has been done to solute the models by the engineers. Comparing with the classic model, the reservoir numerical model which established with fractal theory is more complex and more closer to the natural and actual reservoir, it can demenstrate the complexity of real reservoir more effecttively.


Accurate price forecasts on the EU ETS market are of interest to many production and investment entities. This paper describes the day-ahead carbon price prediction based on a wide range of fuel and energy indicators traded on the Intercontinental Exchange market. The indicators are analyzed in seven groups for individual products (power, natural gas, coal, crude, heating oil, unleaded gasoline, gasoil). In the proposed approach, by combining the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and various methods of supervised machine learning, the possibilities of prediction in the period of rapid price increases are shown. The PCA method made it possible to reduce the number of variables from 37 to 4, which were inputs for predictive models. In the paper, these models are compared: regression trees, ensembles of regression trees, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) models, Support Vector Machines (SVM) models and Neural Network Regression (NNR) models. The research showed that the Gaussian Process Regression model turned out to be the most advantageous and its price prediction can be considered very accurate.


We will discuss design principles and properties of large effective area, low loss fibers for C+L band transmission. These fibers need to have excellent cabling properties from 1530 to 1610nm.


Characterization of oxygenation in the arm and brain by means of near-infrared spectroscopy in ischemic stroke patients and healthy volunteers undergoing remote ischemic post conditioning


The most notable feature of the mortality experience of the present century is the decrease in infant mortality, which has fallen by two-thirds in England and Wales. Striking as this reduction is, much lower rates have been attained by some countries. Infant mortality in the large towns of Great Britain has lagged behind the country as a whole. That conditions of life in big cities need not be associated with a severe mortality risk to infants has been demonstrated in America, where very low rates have been recorded-e.g., in 1942 the infant mortality of New York was only 29 per 1,000. It is obvious that there is ample room for improvement in the British rates, and it seems to be within the bounds of possibility that infant mortality in large cities can be reduced to at least 25 per 1,000. The city of Belfast is unfortunate in having one of the largest infant death rates in the United Kingdom. The deaths of infants in this city have fluctuated from 1 in 12 to as high as 1 in 8 in recent years, and judging by existing standards about three-quarters of these deaths were preventable. To put it another way: over 500 babies die yearly who apparently could be saved. An investigation into the various aspects of this mortality in Belfast has been made by Deeny and Murdock.I The data comprised the deaths between June; 1941, and June, 1942, and a random sample of one-fifth of the children born in the first six months of this period who survived the first year of life. Premature birth and injury at birth accounted for one-quarter of the deaths; another quarter was due to respiratory diseases, and one-fifth to diarrhoea and enteritis. The environmental indices-income and housing conditions-were related to infant mortality: the former had the larger association, but rather surprisingly no significant relation could be demonstrated between dirty homes and mortality. The deaths from diarrhoea and enteritis and respiratory infections formed a larger proportion of the total infant deaths in the lowest income group than in the highest. An attempt was made to determine the adequacy of the medical attention by examining the individual cases. Medical aid was sought as promptly in the illness that ended fatally as in non-fatal sickness. The authors found that parents were quick to call in the doctor, and the poor secured medical attention as early as those who were better off. Nutrition is of first importance in the rearing of healthy children, and the relation of feeding to infant mortality is discussed by the authors elsewhere in this Journal. The proportion of breast-fed babies was lower among the dead than among those who lived. The proportion breast-fed was pr/actically constant in both groups of infants for the subgroups of income per head, number of persons per room, domestic hygiene, and for order of birth and cause of death. These factors had no significant influence in determining the proportion of breast-fed babies, and no relation was established between breast-feeding and mortality. The authors conclude that an increase in the proportion of breast-fed infants would not lower the infant mortality, and that the smaller proportion found among the dead was an effect rather than the cause of unsuccessful reproduction.


Abstract. The Baltic Sea is an optically very complex study object for watercolor remote sensing because of the high quantity of colored dissolved organic matter, two optically distinct phytoplankton seasons, high variability in concentrations of optically active substances, and low sun angles. Despite this, there are numerous remote sensing and modeled chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) products publicly available for the Baltic Sea. Sixteen openly accessible Chl-a products were tested with 267 in situ Chl-a measurements that were carried out in Estonian marine waters during 2016 to 2021. All modeled products and about half of the remote sensing products failed to produce reliable results. The best-performing remote sensing Chl-a product was Case2/Regional CoastColour produced from Sentinel-3 ocean and land color imager (OLCI) reflectance with R2  =  0.55, root mean squared error   (  RMSE  )    =  4.5  mg m  −  3, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 74%. In addition, eight different band ratio algorithms were applied on Sentinel-3 OLCI and Sentinel-2 multispectral instrument data. The best remote sensing band ratio algorithm was derived from top-of-atmosphere reflectance of Sentinel-3 data using 665, 709, and 754 nm bands (R2  =  0.67, RMSE  =  3.9  mg m  −  3, and MAPE = 63%). Our results show good suitability of Sentinel-3 for Chl-a retrieval. However, the high uncertainties suggest for the further product development and validation needs.


The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is one of the most widely applied and researched Artificial Neural Network model. MLP networks are normally applied to performing supervised learning tasks, which involve iterative training methods to adjust the connection weights within the network. This is commonly formulated as a multivariate non-linear optimization problem over a very high-dimensional space of possible weight configurations. Analogous to the field of mathematical optimization, training an MLP is often described as the search of an error surface for a weight vector which gives the smallest possible error value. Although this presents a useful notion of the training process, there are many problems associated with using the error surface to understand the behaviour of learning algorithms and the properties of MLP mappings themselves. Because of the high-dimensionality of the system, many existing methods of analysis are not well-suited to this problem. Visualizing and describing the error surface are also nontrivial and problematic. These problems are specific to complex systems such as neural networks, which contain large numbers of adjustable parameters, and the investigation of such systems in this way is largely a developing area of research. In this thesis, the concept of the error surface is explored using three related methods. Firstly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is proposed as a method for visualizing the learning trajectory followed by an algorithm on the error surface. It is found that PCA provides an effective method for performing such a visualization, as well as providing an indication of the significance of individual weights to the training process. Secondly, sampling methods are used to explore the error surface and to measure certain properties of the error surface, providing the necessary data for an intuitive description of the error surface. A number of practical MLP error surfaces are found to contain a high degree of ultrametric structure, in common with other known configuration spaces of complex systems. Thirdly, a class of global optimization algorithms is also developed, which is focused on the construction and evolution of a model of the error surface (or search spa ce) as an integral part of the optimization process. The relationships between this algorithm class, the Population-Based Incremental Learning algorithm, evolutionary algorithms and cooperative search are discussed. The work provides important practical techniques for exploration of the error surfaces of MLP networks. These techniques can be used to examine the dynamics of different training algorithms, the complexity of MLP mappings and an intuitive description of the nature of the error surface. The configuration spaces of other complex systems are also amenable to many of these techniques. Finally, the algorithmic framework provides a powerful paradigm for visualization of the optimization process and the development of parallel coupled optimization algorithms which apply knowledge of the error surface to solving the optimization problem.


The prospects for finding transiting exoplanets in the range of a few to 20 M⊕ is growing rapidly with both ground-based and spaced-based efforts. We describe a publically available computer code to compute and quantify the compositional ambiguities for differentiated solid exoplanets with a measured mass and radius, including the mass and radius uncertainties.


A much debated topic is the role of universities in the prosperity of cities and regions. When researching this, one is faced with two major problems. First, what is a reliable measurement of the diverse elements of prosperity; and second, given the wide variety of types of universities, what are the characteristics, particularly research performance of a university that really matter? In order to take a step forward in the discussion, we focus in this study on the research question: Is there a significant relation between having a university and a city's socioeconomic strength, growth of gross urban product, and growth of population size? And if so, what are the determining indicators of a university, for instance how important is scientific collaboration, particularly specific types of collaboration? What is the role scientific quality measured by citation impact? Does the size of a university (in number of publications), or does the number of students matter? We composed a large database of city and university data: gross urban product and population data of nearly 200 German cities and 400 districts for the period 1997-2017. Data for the universities are derived from the CWTS bibliometric data system and supplemented with data on the number of students 1995-2020. Performance characteristics of universities are derived from the Leiden Ranking 2020. The socioeconomic strength of a city is determined with the urban scaling methodology. Our study shows a significant relation between the presence of a university in a city and its socioeconomic indicators, particularly for larger cities, and that this is especially the case for universities with higher values of their output, impact and collaboration indicators.


Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast has similar histological features to those of NECs of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and expresses neuroendocrine markers. In 2012, the World Health Organization defined such breast cancers as 'carcinoma with neuroendocrine features', which has further been classified into three subtypes. Breast NEC is relatively rare and represents approximately 2–5% of all breast cancers ; male cases of the disease are reported to represent 0.1% of all male invasive breast cancers. A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of recurrence of clavicular masses that had been partly excised 10 years previously. Recurrent NEC was strongly suspected on core needle biopsy, and multiple metastases to the bones, pleura and mediastinal lymph nodes were also identified. The primary lesion was considered to be in the mammary gland. Since the tumor cells were positive for both the estrogen and progesterone receptors. Treatment with tamoxifen was initiated. As a result, pleural effu-sion and tumor marker expression were reduced. The patient has maintained on this therapy.


Background/Objectives: This paper deals with the design and implementation of Series Field Converter (SFC) for Doubly Salient Reluctance Motor (DSRM). Methods/Statistical Analysis: SFC is developed to reduce the total power loss by reducing the components. By including Resistive-Capacitive-Diode (RCD) snubber the losses are decreased and regenerative operation is provided. Findings: The RCD snubber is used to suppress the high voltage spike which occurs on the collector of the IGBT during turn ON and turn OFF period of the switch. Applications: The designed converter can be used for all types of reluctance motor.


A novel chiral nonionic surfactant, namely octyl‐b‐D‐maltopyranoside (OM), was evaluated in chiral capillary electrophoresis of fluorescently labeled phenoxy acid herbicides. The labeling of the analytes with 7‐aminonaphthalene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid (ANDSA) permitted a concentration detection limit of 5 × 10−10 M using laser‐induced fluorescence detection. This limit of detection allowed the determination of ultradiluted solutions of the ANDSA‐derivatized phenoxy acid herbicides whose concentration was as low as 10−11 M (i.e. 2.2 ppt) by applying the concept of field‐amplified sample stacking (FASS). The sample injection by FASS did not adversely affect separation efficiencies, resolution and reproducibility of the electroporetic system. The tagging of the phenoxy acid herbicides with ANDSA increased the hydrophobicity of the analytes, thus favoring an enhanced solubilization of the derivatized herbicides in the OM micellar phase. The net results of this effect were a much shorter analysis time and an improved enantiomeric resolution of the derivatives when compared to underivatized phenoxy acid herbicides. The optimum surfactant concentration required for maximum resolution decreased with increasing hydrophobicity of the analyte, with the least hydrophobic analyte requiring higher surfactant concentration. Because of the two permanently charged sulfonic acid groups of the ANDSA tag, the pH of the running electrolyte had little effect on the enantiomeric resolution of the derivatized herbicides. Due to its salting‐out effect and increasing the micellized surfactant concentration, increasing the ionic strength of the running electrolyte increased the enantiomeric resolution of the least hydrophobic analytes. Conversely, increasing the percent methanol in the running electrolyte decreased the enantiomeric resolution of the least hydrophobic analytes due to decrease strength of solute‐micelle association. For hydrophobic analytes, existed an optimum percent of methanol existed for maximum enantiomeric resolution.


Optical alignment is a crucial step in the commitment of a telescope.In this paper,the usual alignment procedure and method of the large alt-azimuth ground-base telescopes are described.It also includes the project methods of getting the better image quality in the all field of view and the general rule of alignments.The methods applied to the optical element and optical system such as Cassegrain and R-C.The alignment procedure mainly include the coarse adjustment and the fine adjustment to optical error.


The purpose of the present investigation was to compare Australian tennis coaches' frequency of use, and perceived effectiveness, of 13 self-efficacy building strategies to those of American tennis coaches. Subjects were 60 Australian tennis coaches coaching at the club or state level. Results indicated that Australian coaches used all 13 strategies designed to enhance selfefficacy to a moderate degree and found these techniques to be at least moderately effective. The most often-used strategies to enhance self-efficacy, as well as those strategies found most effective, included encouraging positive self-talk, modeling confidence oneself, using instruction drills, using rewarding statements liberally, and using verbal persuasion. When comparing the results of the Australian and American coaches, few differences were found. However, the American coaches used more of the following self-efficacy strategies: conditioning drills, the modeling of other successful players, the emphasis that feelings of anxiety a...


The intensive use of machines in agriculture tends to cause soil compaction, which can hamper the expansion of root system and the absorption of water and nutrients, thus affecting the crop development. In view of the above, the present study aimed to identify critical zones of soil compaction, through the spatial distribution of soil penetration resistance (SPR), having positions within the coffee rows and soil depth ranges as variables. The study was performed in a coffee plantation of 7.32 ha, belonging to the Bom Jardim Farm, located in the municipality of Bom Sucesso, MG, Brazil. The SPR was measured using a penetrometer in the depth range from 0 to 0.40 m, with discretization in four layers of 0.10 m. The data were interpreted based on geostatistics, in order to identify if there is spatial dependence of the SPR and generate thematic maps demonstrating the variable's spatial behavior. It is concluded that there is spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance, being possible to use geostatistical tools to generate thematic maps based on classes of soil penetration resistance. The values of SPR in the tractor trail, for layers from 0.10 to 0.20 and from 0.20 to 0.30 m, were classified in the high SPR class and could cause damage to the crop.


— The article envisages precedent proper names in the texts of Russian political advertising video clips (1990s – 2018) from the viewpoint of their role in communication strategies and tactics. The authors test a new comprehensive semiotic approach to analyzing text material, combined with some elements of discourse analysis. The study revealed that precedent names and nonverbal precedent signs connected to them in the studied videotexts are engaged in the implementation of three basic communication strategies: self-presentation, discredit and manipulation. The multimodal character of the precedent material produces an integrated cognitive and emotive effect on the target audience.


The state of the art and key role of semiconductor optoelectronics are reviewed with regard to the future development of the transport, switching, processing, storage and read out, as well as gating and display of information in advanced optical information networks.


Method of depositing a carbon-containing material layer on the substrate is a low temperature for the method of distributing the precursor mixture for the carbon-containing material layer to the inside processing chamber, the method comprising: doping the carbon-containing material layers of silicon, and the carbonaceous material layer and a step of depositing at. In one aspect, it is an improved light transmission of the carbonaceous material layer is obtained at all wavelengths in the visible light spectrum. In addition, because of the thermal stability of a method of depositing an encapsulation layer of the lower layer is used to provide a number of display applications that require a low temperature deposition process. The encapsulation layer may include the one or more barrier material layer and the one or more amorphous carbon material layer. The amorphous carbon material can be prevented from the reduction of thermal stress and the deposited film is peeled off from the substrate.


When bacteria are grown in media containing only carbon, nitrogen and essential salts, they shift in their metabolic activities to include the synthesis of essential amino acids, vitamins and other cofactors. Only 303 genes, for example, are essential for growth of E. coli on rich media and some 119 additional genes are required for growth on nutrient‐limited media. Hence compounds that target bacteria under nutrient‐limited conditions could serve as leads for novel antibacterial drugs. In fact, nutrient‐limited media probably provide a better proxy for the host environment. There have been many reports of impaired growth and attenuated virulence in pathogens due to mutations in vitamin, nucleobase and amino acid biosynthetic genes. Nevertheless, systematic searches for antibacterial chemicals have overwhelmingly emphasized rich media conditions. Thus, there is a considerable gap in antibacterial chemical space surveyed to date.


For the production of smart textiles the resistivity of prints and coatings with intrinsic conductive polymers is often too high and the performance properties not sufficient. The addition of metal components enhances many characteristics, however the choice of type of metal, morphology and application method influence results to great extend.


A striking feature of psychoneurosis observed in the Services during this war has been the frequency with which somatic symptoms are presented. As the underlying mental disorder is usually revealed only by direct inquiry, such cases are commonly referred for investigation to the general physician. The object of this paper is to indicate how a positive psychiatric diagnosis has been reached in cases of this type without recourse to the negative exclusive method of diagnosis, which, as Cook and Sargant (1942) have pointed out, is both costly in time and money and harmful to the patient.