A manufacturing device security magazine comprising at least one main forming roller (2), the main forming roller, the molding boxes 4, the lower or forming portion 3, and the forming roller disposed in the interior for accommodating the paper paste ( 2) having a seat (7) collecting face (6a) above or a lamination unit (5) disposed at the bottom of the movable collecting wire (6) along a traveling direction 100 to accept in a formed on, and the manufacturing apparatus is layered mechanism of the security element 201 along the traveling direction of the collecting wire (6) is disposed upstream of said main forming roller (2), stacking the security element 201 from the collecting face (6a) It characterized in that it comprises a 8. Security paper, the security element, the forming roller, laminating mechanism, bell reomcheung, collecting wire,


How well do local school districts comply with laws enacted by state legislatures ? especially when the laws in volve discretionary compliance? Not too well, according to a survey conducted recently in a Midwestern state. In April, 1974, Section 14 of Senate File 126 was signed into law by the gover nor of the state. This provision mandated that all private and public schools conduct a needs assessment survey. Specifically, the legislation required each district to 1) determine and rank major educational needs; 2) develop long-range plans to meet such needs; 3) establish, implement, and evaluate shortand intermediate-range plans to attain desired levels of pupil achievement; 4) maintain a record of pro gress; and 5) make progress reports as re quired by the state superintendent of public instruction. At the end of the three-year com pliance period, we conducted a statewide survey to determine the extent to which school districts had obeyed the law. The survey was conducted by means of a self addressed stamped postcard, which re spondents were asked to fill out and re turn. This simplified format resulted in a 90% response rate. Two-thirds of the responding districts had student enrollments of under 1,000; about one-third had enrollments of under 500. These responses accurately reflect the sizes of all school districts in the state. Table 1 reports actions taken to imple ment the state-mandated needs assess ment. Some 82.3% of the responding schools had completed their initial needs assessment survey, and another 15.5% reported that the survey was under way. Only 2.2% reported that no action had been taken or did not respond to the ques tion. The second step, identifying goals, was reported complete by 69.3%, while another 22.4% were in the process. Only about 8% reported no action. However, the number of schools fol lowing through on implementation (Step 3) dropped to approximately one-fourth of the respondents, while about half of the schools were in the process of im plementing the objectives. About one fourth of the schools had not started the implementation process. Compliance with the final step, evaluation, also fell off rapidly: Only about 5% had completed an evaluation, and somewhat less than half were making progress. Approximately 45% had taken no steps toward the evaluation of their work as required by law. Respondents were also asked to iden tify the needs assessment instrument used in their district. Some 257 public school districts (63.1% of all respondents) re ported that they had used the Phi Delta Kappa Educational Planning Model. Twenty-one districts (5.2%) had used the model developed by the state department of public instruction. Three districts (0.7%) had used the Westinghouse model. Eighty-six districts, or slightly more than one-fifth of all respondents, had con structed and implemented their own model. Twenty-nine districts (7.1%) had acquired some other form of needs assess ment survey. Eleven superintendents (2.7%) chose not to respond to this item. We attribute the widespread use of the Phi Delta Kappa model to: 1) low cost of the instrument, 2) easy administration, 3) high level of awareness of the PDK model, and/or 4) effectiveness of the state coordinator in providing consultative help. Finally, an administrator at each school was asked to assess the impact of this law. Approximately 40% agreed that the process was worthwhile, but some 55% questioned its value or reacted negatively to it. The remaining 5% did not respond. It is obviously unfortunate that over half of the school administrators surveyed question the value of a program of this kind. The law is, without doubt, based on a sound educational principle: A school needs to identify its weaknesses and take steps to strengthen its program. The man dated program provided for input from professionals, parents, citizens, and the student body. Thus the opinions of a fair ly representative cross section of the com munity were to be considered. Why the poor compliance? It has often been said that what we know determines what we can do but our attitudes determine what we will do. The professional personnel in public schools can do the job, but if their attitude is negative they will not effect improvement in the school program. Our survey failed to distinguish the source of these negative attitudes. We did find that larger schools reflected a more positive attitude than small schools. It could be that larger schools provided more inservice training to promote positive attitudes, or it could be that ad ministrators in the larger schools did not work directly with the teachers in the needs assessment process (thus the positive attitudes of these central office administrators may not represent those of the building administrators and faculty members). In either case, we suggest that administrators have failed to provide suf ficient inservice training to convince a ma jority of the schools that the needs assess ment and the resulting corrective steps are important steps toward improvement. However, local administrators need con vincing guidance and support from the state department of public instruction. Or the legislative body could be at fault, for passing an edict without sufficient finan cial support for proper implementation. D


Experimental runs of discharge of saltwater solution inclined at six different angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90° and 115° to the horizontal for three ratios of jet's initial velocity to mean ambient fluid velocity and different densities of effluent are carried out. The geometrical length scales of the jet, including terminal rise height, horizontal distance from the source to the locus of maximum rise height and distance of the impact point from the source are measured and some empirical equations based on dimensional analysis, in terms of jet's Froude number and ratio of jet's to ambient flow velocities are derived.


A . Previous research in our group demonstrated that short-duration exposure to narrow-band blue wavelengths of light can improve the nutritional quality of sprouting broccoli ( Brassica oleacea var. italica ) microgreens. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of different percentages of blue light on the concentrations of nutritional quality parameters of sprouting broccoli microgreens and to compare incandescent/ fluorescent light with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Microgreen seeds were cultured hydroponically on growing pads under light treatments of: 1) fluorescent/incandescent light; 2) 5% blue (442 to 452 nm)/95% red (622 to 632 nm); 3) 5% blue/85% red/10% green (525 to 535 nm); 4) 20% blue/80% red; and 5) 20% blue/70% red/10% green in controlled environments. Microgreens were grown at an air temperature of 24 8 C and a 16-hour photoperiod using a light intensity of 250 m mol (cid:2) m L 2 (cid:2) s L 1 for all light treatments. On emergence of the first true leaf, a nutrient solution of 42 mg (cid:2) L L 1 nitrogen (N) (20% Hoagland's #2 solution) was used to submerge the growing pads. Microgreens were harvested after 20 days under the light treatments and shoot tissues were processed and measured for nutritionally important shoot pigments, glucosinolates, and mineral nutrients. Microgreens under the fluorescent/incandescent light treatment had significantly lower shoot fresh mass than plants under the 5% blue/95% red, 5% blue/85% red/ 10% green, and the 20% blue/80% red LED light treatments. The highest concentrations of shoot tissue chlorophyll, b -carotene, lutein, total carotenoids, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin were found in microgreens grown under the 20% blue/80% red light treatment. In general, the fluorescent/incandescent light treatment resulted in significantly lower concentrations of most metabolites measured in the sprouting broccoli tissue. Results from the current study clearly support data from many previous reports that describe stimulation of primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis by exposure to blue light wavelengths from LEDs.


The yeast mitochondrial DNA contains multiple promoters that direct the synthesis of rRNAs, tRNAs, and the mRNAs of the ATP synthesis complex. These RNAs are transcribed by a distinct two‐component complex consisting of the core RNA polymerase, Rpo41, which is the catalytic subunit and an accessory factor, Mtf1, which is necessary for promoter opening and start site selection. Although, currently we have a basic understanding of the mechanism of open complex formation and the respective roles of Rpo41 and Mtf1, we lack a similar understanding of the initial transcription mechanism involving +1 and +2 NTP binding and promoter strength. Using synthetic promoters, we observed a range of transcriptional efficiency from various promoters. Using promoter mutants and fluorescence‐based assays, we show that these differences in transcriptional efficiencies stem from differences in downstream promoter melting, which go hand in hand with differential NTP binding affinities. We propose a model, where either Rpo41 or Mtf1 or both through an orchestration of interactions with the promoter region as well as the incoming nucleotides regulate the transcriptional efficiency of various promoters.


This paper focuses on key challenges impeding the deployment of Internet Connectivity to Schools, implementation of ICT in education and provision of requisite ICT tools to enhance delivery and quality of education in The Gambia. Given the fact that implementation of submarine cable and landing station for The Gambia(Africa Coast to Europe -ACE) is at advanced stage and implementation of National Fibre Optic Backbone infrastructure is ongoing, leveraging these two major telecommunications projects to address the telecommunications needs of educational institutions is also looked into.


When we lived in Scotland, Cindy and I treasured watching our children play soccer on the back pitch without adult supervision or league control. This weekly vigil had us reminisce about our own backyard games where dreams inspired " legendary feats, " where play, finesse, and hard work intertwined without unraveling into the ugly sights and sounds of obsessed parents and coaches, where equipment mattered very little (though I loved my Chuck Taylor's before they were retro), and where boys and girls mutually contested, recognizing similarities and differences. Sure our children play organized sports even on select teams, but they also learned to simply play with their neighborhood mates for the fun of it. And when conflicts arose I am confident they worked it out; everybody experienced winning and losing moments, skills, different sports and the adventure to play without our burdensome expectations. Because of these experiences, my wife and I are ambivalent about traveling teams in youth sports. Let us consider what is wise and best for our children. Concern: Our primary purpose as Christian parents is to trust God and partner with our faith community to nurture our children's faith formation, so that they learn to follow God's call to serve and love others. I believe that sports can be a formative school, one of innumerable experiences, in which they discover gifts, strengthen bodies, develop friendships, renew minds, play creatively, and aim for excellence. We have found, however, when our children played on travel teams, we were tempted to make sports number one de facto, potentially relativizing other spiritual priorities, and perhaps, short changing their formation. Whatever the experience, it should be more about the children and less about our own fulfillment and egos, and if not, it can spoil their freedom and deprive them of the abundant life. An important implication is that, when we forget this overarching vision, we can leave our children vulnerable and unprepared to handle win-at-all-costs attitudes, misplaced priorities, contested identities, resulting in heightened anxiety about whether they measure up, belong or are accepted. For example, if you have ever seen the film Tree of Life, young Jack is doubtful about whether his father (Brad Pitt) accepts and loves him, sending him to struggle and trying to earn his favor instead of living secure in grace. Too many children are unprotected in our system of " super sports, " striving to get something …


Currently, the United States Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is one of the most contentious laws ever passed by Congress. For the first time in the nation's history, thousands of individuals will be allowed to obtain health insurance under a government-controlled system. At the same time, in the field of political science, the framing of issues by both the media and politicians forms a highly controversial subject for scholars and students alike. Framing, which refers to a process by which a person develops a particular view on an issue based on its wording, has the ability to drastically affect public opinion. The goal of this paper is to examine the effects that framing has on this new healthcare law. Although prior studies have analyzed the effects of framing on other issues, none has yet evaluated the consequences of framing on Obamacare. I conduct an experiment manipulating three different equivalency frames and four different rationales. Ultimately, I find that issue rationales have the greatest effect on public support for healthcare. Specifically, what you call the law (i.e. Obamacare vs. Affordable Care Act) has little sway over public opinion. Instead, providing individuals with the rationale that the law will allow people with pre-existing conditions to obtain health insurance significantly increases support for this law. I end with a discussion of the implications of these findings. Introduction In the world of healthcare, one pressing concern prior to the implementation of Obamacare was the desire of individuals with pre-existing conditions to obtain health insurance. According to a 2009 CNN story by Elizabeth Cohen, individuals with pre-existing conditions that would normally obtain health insurance through employment are being dropped by health insurance companies or forced to pay thousands of dollars because their conditions leave them unable to work (Cohen 2009). For example, nineteen-year old Stuart Wald had not one, but three different pre-existing conditions, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. According to Cohen, Wald was so sick that he was unable to work, forcing his family into a financial crisis just to pay for his healthcare. However, the passage of the United States Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or "Obamacare" as it has become to be known, has sparked new hope for individuals like Stuart Wald. Meanwhile, public support towards the law itself is currently mixed. However, as we will see through this paper's findings, if politicians were to slightly alter the way they frame the healthcare issue, then not only would support for the law increase, but individuals like Stuart Wald would be made aware of the fact that they are eligible for health insurance under this new law. According to political scientist James Druckman (2003), issue framing occurs when a speaker emphasizes certain aspects of an issue so that an individual may prioritize consideration of these aspects as they develop their own opinions. Imagine, briefly, how useful it would be for politicians or the media to know the best way to frame an issue so as to garner public support. Would this ability be more advantageous or harming to America's form of democracy? In order to gain traction on this larger question, this project examines the effects of issue framing in the context of public opinion on the United States Affordable Care Act. Specifically, this paper seeks to answer the following question: How does issue framing affect public support for the recent healthcare law? In order to evaluate this question, I conducted an online survey-experiment testing two hypotheses. In short, I argue first that changing the issue frame (i.e. Obamacare v. Affordable Care Act) will not create a significant shift in public support for the healthcare law. Secondly, I argue that public support for the law will increase if respondents are told that the law will allow people with pre-existing conditions to obtain health insurance. However, before I elaborate further on these hypotheses, let us turn first to a review of the most relevant literature in the field of framing. Literature Review Defining Issue Framing and Related Concepts To begin, I will define each of the major terms related to framing. However, it is worth noting that there are multiple definitions of framing that each focus on a different actor in the framing process. For this paper, I use the Chong and Druckman (2007) definition, which refers to framing as a process by which an individual develops or redevelops their view on a specific issue. Furthermore, although the definition of framing used by political scientists is not consistent throughout the literature, two major sub-categories of framing emerge with some regularity. The first major subcategory, "equivalency framing," refers to a situation in which individuals are presented with two or more identical options that differ only in the way that they are worded (Tversky and Kahneman 1981). The other major subcategory, "issue (emphasis) framing," is referred to by Entman and colleagues (2009) as being, "...concerned with increasing or decreasing the salience of an issue or consideration when formulating an opinion." Unlike equivalency framing, the options presented are not identical. In truth, depending on who is presenting the information, one option may be stressed more than another. Therefore, when choosing, individuals must weigh how relevant each option is to their own set of personal experiences and values. Another point worth emphasizing is the meaning of the term "framing effect." Druckman (2001) and Entman (2009), define a framing effect as the process by which an individual forms an opinion toward a particular issue after exposure to frames presented by the media or politicians. However, one should be careful not to assume that this opinion will be in favor of the views supported by those doing the framing. In fact, even if an individual forms the opposite opinion, it is still said to be a framing effect. Thus, it is exposure to a frame and the subsequent formation of an opinion that characterizes a framing effect, and not the nature of the opinion itself. One final concept that needs defining is the term "considerations." Two terms that are often used interchangeably with considerations are "implications" and "rationales." Unlike framing, "consideration" is welldefined in the existing literature in the field and little disagreement exists on what it entails (Chong and Druckman 2007; Druckman 2001; Tversky and Kahneman 1981; Tversky and Kahneman 1986). Briefly put, a consideration is any effect or outcome that will occur as a consequence of a particular frame. For instance, using the example of a hate speech rally, a news story using a public safety frame might emphasize the possibility of violent crime that could occur as a result of the rally. Different Types of Framing in Use In terms of practical usage, there have been several important studies that have examined the effects of equivalency framing. It is worth noting though that these studies often disagree as to the merits of using equivalency framing to affect public opinion. For example, Tversky and Kahneman's 1981 Asian disease experiment presented individuals with two different problems (Tversky and Kahneman 1981). Although the answers to these problems were identical apart from slightly altered wording, Tversky and Kahneman found that individuals chose the option that they believed would avoid the most risk. However, Druckman (2001) disagreed with this conclusion, arguing instead that equivalency framing was nothing more than a method of deception used to trick individuals. On the other hand, issue (emphasis) framing has received less criticism from contemporary scholars. In fact, there have been a number of studies that have analyzed the effect of issue framing on support for political policies (Druckman 2001; Nelson et al. 1997). Overall, most of these studies agree that issue framing can have a large effect on public opinion. However, there is some disagreement as to how often framing effects occur. For instance, Druckman (2001) finds that framing effects are less likely to occur if an individual already has strong beliefs about the issue in question. Furthermore, he also finds that instead of blindly supporting one frame over another, individuals tend to carefully weigh the benefits and risks of each frame before deciding which to support. Another group of scholars finds the opposite (Nelson et al. 1997). Nelson and colleagues suggest that individuals who are already familiar with a particular issue are, in fact, more likely to go along with a particular frame. In making their argument, they also carefully contrasted issue framing with persuasion. Unlike persuasion, they insist that framing activates information already at an individual's disposal. Here, we can see that the concepts that separate priming and framing sometimes bleed into one another. Additionally, a number of studies suggest that the inclusion of considerations greatly influences support for a particular frame. As stated above, Tversky and Kahneman (1981) found that individuals were more likely to choose the option that they believed would benefit them the most. What is more, individuals also tended to choose the option that they believed avoided unnecessary risk. However, Druckman (2001) concluded that framing effects were less likely to occur if a rationale or consideration was provided to an individual. So, although including rationales or considerations seems to create framing effects on an experimental level, it is still unclear how effective such considerations would be if put into actual use by politicians or the media. Where's the Gap? Now, with the above in mind, it is only natural to ask how this analysis will attempt to fill a gap in current literature on issue framing. First, little has been written on the effects that both issue framing an


Acute stimulation of forebrain osmoreceptors increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). The present study sought to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system contributes to this pressor response and whether sympathetic‐regulatory neurons of the RVLM mediate the increase in SNA and ABP. In urethane/chloralose anesthetized rats (n=5), intracarotid injection of hypertonic NaCl (150, 375, and 750 mM in 150 μl) dose‐dependently increased mean ABP, and this was eliminated by administration of the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine (2 mg/kg, iv) at 150mM (1±1 vs 1±0 mmHg), 375mM (16±3 vs 1±0 mmHg, p<0.05), and 750mM (27±4 vs 2±1 mmHg, p<0.01). In a second group (n=5), inhibition of the RVLM with microinjection of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (250 pmol/100 nl) significantly reduced the increase in mean ABP (150 mM: −3±2 vs 1±1 mmHg; 375mM: 14±5 vs 0±4 mmHg; 750mM: 31±5 vs 2±8 mmHg, p<0.05), renal SNA (150 mM: −1±2 vs −2±2%; 375mM: 50±18 vs −17±6%; 750mM: 80±13 vs −13±16%, p<0.05), and splanchnic SNA (150mM: −6±4 vs −1±1%; 375mM: 54±14 vs −5±14%; 750mM: 99±12 vs 14±20%, p<0.05). The present findings demonstrate that stimulation of forebrain osmoreceptors produces a sympathetically‐mediated increase in ABP that depends on the tonic activity of RVLM neurons.


Methods are provided for an apparatus which encodes items of data by variable-length coding and which stores the encoded items of data in a memory, wherein a size of one of the items of encoded data is variable by varying a value of a control parameter of the variable-length coding. One method includes: determining an amount of available memory space in the memory; determining a value of the control parameter for the variable-length coding of the items of data; and deter mining a number of items of encoded data that can be stored in the available memory space, based on an upper limit of the size of one of the items of encoded data at the determined value of the control parameter.


chiff base ligand derived from condensation of 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde and leucine was synthesized and used for the preparation of Cu(II),Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The synthesized ligand and complexes were analyzed by decomposition temperature, solubility, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and infrared spectra. The decomposition temperatures of the complexes are in the range of 200247oC, molar conductance values are in the range of 2.235.86 Ohm1cm2 mol-1. Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicated that all complexes are paramagnetic while solubility test revealed that all complexes and ligand are soluble in DMSO. The analytical data show the formation of 1:1 metal to ligand ratio, the prepared ligand exhibited tridentate coordination and formed chelates of octahedral geometry. The ligand and metal chelates have been studied for microbial activity using Proteus vulgarus and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion method against selected bacteria and fungi. The results indicated that metal complexes are more active compared with Schiff base ligand against the test organisms.


The invention relates to equipment and a method for detecting the sealability of a lithium ion battery. The equipment and the method are characterized in that a tested battery fixing and sealing device, a detection device (2), a vacuum extractor device (3) and an air supply device are respectively connected with four ports of a four-way pipe joint (6) through connecting pipelines; a liquid injection port (51) of a tested battery (5) which is fixed on the tested battery fixing and sealing device (1) is communicated with a digital display vacuum pressure gauge (21) of the detection device (2) through a connector (13) on the tested battery fixing and sealing device (1), a first connecting pipeline (7), the four-way pipe joint (6) and a second connecting pipeline (8) to form an airtight detection passage; during detection, the vacuum extractor device (3) vacuumizes the detection passage, and after detection, the air supply device (4) supplies air to the detection passage to facilitate the separation of the tested battery (5) and the connector (13); and a control system controls all the devices to work cooperatively.


Three hundred and forty-two heifer calves were assigned to three treatments; (1) 30 calves exposed to IBR/IPV virus (2) vaccinated against IBR/IPV virus and bovine diarrhoea virus and (3) non vaccinated controls. Treatment groups were housed in separate facilities to prevent spread of disease between groups. Incidence of bovine respiratory disease was 49.1% in exposed calves, 20.2% in vaccinated calves and 14% in controls. Respiratory disease was treated by either high dose (33 mg/kg) or low dose (11 mg/kg) of oxytetracycline (OTC), unresponsive animals were treated with sulfonamides. Of 51 calves treated with low doses of OTC, 25 responded and needed no further treatment, and 4 failed to respond and died. There was no difference in response between treatment groups. Of 45 treated with high doses of OTC 20 failed to respond and died. There was no significant difference in response to treatment with high or low dose OTC between calves fed rations of different calorific value. PM examinations showed lung lesions which ranged in severity from mild bronchopneumonia to severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia. Most pasteurella strains isolated were resistant to tetracyclines and sulfonamides. Diffuse renal tubular epithelial necrosis and tubular casts were seen in 19 of 20 calves that died after high dose OTC.


This study aimed to find out thein structional communication strategy of Widyaiswara Education Quality Assurance Agency Bengkulu in learning, includesthe pre-Instructional strategies, the implementationof Instructional strategies, and the results and evaluation of in structional communication strategy. Thisresearchis aqualitative descriptive study. Datawere collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was performed with Miles and Huberman(1984) data analysis techniques, namely: data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing and verification conclution. The results showed: 1) In Pre-Instructional phase, Widyaiswara'sBengkuludo: preparationto implement thetrainingas indicated bya letter of assignmentand directionofthe management, arrange the Learning Implementation Plan(RPP) and Learning Syllabus, develop strategieswill be run in training, studying the entering behaviorand the prior needs oftraining participants during the training. In Instructionalphase the stepsare: determiningthe formulation of the instructional objectivesof education and training, paid attention tothe validity and relevance ofthe material to be delivered to training participants, useda variety of learningmediain the learning process, adapted the medium usedto learning objectives, useda variety of methodsin the learning process, established the source/teaching materialsin accordance withthe needs of training participants, determined appropriate time and appropriate objectives to achieve, encouraged the training participants to actively involve in the learning process. At the stage of evaluation, the steps are: evaluation oftrainingparticipantsin the form of assessmentat the end and assessment during the training through thetest questions.


As the principles on which phenomena depend can only be discovered by a careful investigation of the circumstances attending every new fact which presents itself, its importance must not, in the first instance, be estimated by the magnitude of the effects produced, but by their peculiarity. However minute may be the effects, an inquiry into the laws which govern them, if unattended by any other, will have this advantage, that these laws will serve as an additional test of the correctness of the principles advanced for the explanation of the more striking phænomena, firmly establishing their truth, if the consequences of those principles, or being incompatible with them, pointing out their fallacy. Thus the severest test that the principle of gravitation has been subjected to, is the explanation of the minute irregularities in the planetary motions; and the coincidence of the observed irregularities with those deduced from the application of this principle would have established its truth beyond dispute, had any doubt previously remained. In the experiments which I am about to detail, the effects produced are of this minute character; but as they point out a species of action not hitherto observed, they will not, I trust, be considered unimportant. It has been stated that different effects will be produced on iron, as regards its polarity, when struck, twisted, filed, or scoured in different positions, with respect to the magnetic axis or line of the dip; but I am not aware that it has ever been suspected that the simple rotation of iron, in different directions, would have any effect on the manner in which the iron influenced a magnetic needle. This I have discovered to be the case; and that the laws which govern this peculiar action on the needle are so general and uniform, that I have no doubt their causes are as steady in their operation, as those to which the more striking phenomena of magnetism owe their origin. On observing these magnetical phenomena arising purely from rotation, it appeared to me that they might possibly indicate the cause of the earth's magnetism; and this was a further inducement to me thoroughly to investigate the circumstances connected with them. Before giving the particulars of these phenomena, it is necessary that I should mention how I was first led to observe them.


The fracture mechanics solusion of the stress field near the tip of a closed crack under compression and shear is given and a new method for prefabricating closed cracks is developed in this paper. The compression-shear closed crack is studied by means of photoelasticlty,and the changes of both the stress field near the crack tip and the distribution of friction on the closed crack are studied. Futhermore,the interaction of the singular stress field between,two initially closed collinear cracks is also studied by photoelasticity. The stress intensity factor (SIF) of the compression-shear closed crack is computed by the finite element nethod. It shows that the results in the paper are correct. Finally,some applications in the research on the seismic focus are discussed.


A new NoC structure suitable for dynamically and partially reconfigurable system is proposed,with the major features of high transport efficiency and good scalability.To adapt to DPR,the NoC transports not only the regular data but also the configuration bit-streams.The NoC takes every resource node as a configurable region,adds the type field to distinguish regular data between configuration data,and splits the network interface into regular interface and configuration interface.Random traffic pattern simulation test for the system is carried out using ModelSim,which shows the maximum throughput of the network is 0.40flit·cycle-1·IP-1.To validate the effectiveness,prototype system is implemented on Xilinx Virtex4 xc4vsx35-10chip.The result shows that the system works correctly at 50MHz.


It is generally accepted that the majority of adult public audiences are scientifically illiterate. Regular US and European surveys [NSF, 2002; Eurobarometer, 2001] indicate public audiences are ill-equipped to either integrate science content into their worldview or to understand what constitutes science. Why does adult science illiteracy remain ubiquitous in spite of several decades of improvements to science communication and science education aimed at increasing science literacy? [Borchelt, 1998; OFT, 2002] We looked at this problem in 2003 after an experience involving 24 16-year-old students from 10 Sydney high schools in a ASA-Macquarie University science research expedition. It indicated most of the 24 students, at the beginning of the project, lacked even a broad insight into how science is really done. In addition, the students seemed to be unaware that science knowledge is only as good as the best current interpretations of the natural world and on the reliability and sensitivity of tools that are used to examine it. These aspects seem basic to adult science literacy, but were clearly missing [Oliver et al, 2004]. It may also be a widespread, international issue [Gregory and Miller, 1998]. The reaction of the students to their learning experience on the project was so encouraging - two changed their minds about ending their science education in Year (Grade) 10 - that we decided to undertake a larger high school science project to open a new science learning experience to many more students and to explore the hypothesis that, for whatever reason, adult science illiteracy may begin in high school. Early results on the NASA Macquarie University Pilbara-Mars Science Education Project involving 87 students from seven high schools suggest similarities to our findings with the 2003 project.


Introduction British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines suggest that Indwelling Pleural Catheters (IPCs) are the best treatment for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) associated with unexpandable lung (UL), where pleurodesis is contraindicated. Although, comprehensive data highlight the benefit of IPCs in MPE, their efficacy in patients with UL is less well known. Method We conducted a systematic review following searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases up until June 2017. Studies specifically reporting IPC use in patients with MPE and UL were identified. Results 24 studies using IPCs in MPE in general were analysed, 15 of which stated the proportion with UL. Only 3 trials specifically reported outcomes in patients with UL, ranging from 11–52 patients. 77%–94% of UL patients had symptomatic benefit with IPC. Complication rate ranged from 15%–56% depending on criteria used, common complications reported included pain, cellulitis, catheter leak and occlusion. Self-pleurodesis in the largest trial occurred in 42.3% Mean hospital stay was three days, however only one study reported this. Mortality was mentioned in two papers, with a mean survival of 126 days post-IPC insertion. Incidence of UL in the MPE population undergoing IPC was calculable in five studies, and ranged from 7.5%–41%. Differences were evident depending on criteria for diagnosing UL. One study using video-assisted thoracoscopy in 127 patients had an incidence of 41% whereas another study using post-procedure radiography found UL in 40/295 IPCs (13.6%). Conclusion There appears to be symptomatic benefit in using IPCs in UL patients. Although complications tended to be relatively minor, their rates appear increased compared to the broader IPC population. However, the lack of consensus in diagnostic criteria for UL, reflected by the varied incidence reported, makes application harder to interpret. Further evidence is needed to establish a consistent approach to UL diagnosis, along with more robust studies addressing incidence. The use of IPCs in this population also needs further, prospective, study, with a focus on patient-centred outcomes and device efficacy. This would ideally include further validation of the finding that IPC's in UL can lead to pleurodesis in a large number of patients.


The last few decades have witnessed a huge leap forward in our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of pain, both in normal states where it helps protect from injury, and in pathological states where pain evolves from a symptom reflecting tissue injury to become the disease itself. However, despite these scientific advances, chronic pain remains extremely challenging to manage clinically. While the number of potential treatment targets has grown substantially and a strong case has been made for a mechanism-based and individualized approach to pain therapy, arguably clinicians are not much more advanced now than 20 years ago, in their capacity to either diagnose or effectively treat their patients. The gulf between pain research and pain management is as wide as ever. We are still currently unable to apply an evidence-based approach to chronic pain management that reflects mechanistic understanding, and instead, clinical practice remains an empirical and often unsatisfactory journey for patients, whose individual response to treatment cannot be predicted. Here we take a common and difficult to treat pain condition, chronic low back pain, and use its presentation in clinical practice as a framework to highlight what is known about pathophysiological pain mechanisms and how we could potentially detect these to drive rational treatment choice. We discuss how present methods of assessment and management still fall well short, however, of any mechanism-based or precision-medicine approach. Nevertheless, substantial improvements in chronic pain management could be possible if a more strategic and coordinated approach were to evolve, one designed to identify the specific mechanisms driving the presenting pain phenotype. We present an analysis of such an approach, highlighting the major problems in identifying mechanisms in patients, and develop a framework for a pain diagnostic ladder that may prove useful in the future, consisting of successive identification of three steps: pain state, pain mechanism and molecular target. Such an


Hamnet is closest so he goes to answer [a knock on the front door]. As it swings open, he cringes and yelps: on the doorstep is a terrifying sight, a creature from a nightmare, from Hell, from the devil. It is tall, cloaked in black, and in the place of a face is a hideous, featureless mask, pointed like the beak of a giant bird. [ . . . ] The spectre is speaking without a mouth, saying he will not come in, he cannot, and they, the inhabitants, are hereby ordered not to go out, not to take to the streets, but to remain indoors until the pestilence is past. (Maggie O'Farrell, Hamnet)


Aim: To evaluate the role of platelet parameters in dengue fever and also to determine relationship of platelet parameters with platelet count and the severity of the disease. Materials and methods: The platelet parameters [platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW)] of 50 dengue infected children were calculated using BC 3000 plus Mindray Automated Hematology Analyzer. Normal range of MPV is 7.5-11.5 fl. Plateletcrit cut off value in thrombocytopenia is 0.2-0.36%. The PDW reported varies with reference intervals ranging from 8.3 to 56.6%. Subjects were divided into four groups according to their platelet count on day 3 of illness (<20,000 cells/cumm, 20,000 to 50,000 cells/cumm, 50,000 to 100,000 cells/cumm and >100,000 cells/cumm). Platelet indices were studied among these groups and also the indices were evaluated with respect to the severity of disease as group A (dengue without warning signs), group B (dengue with warning signs and group C (severe dengue). Results: Male: female ratio was 28:22. Mean age of presentation was 7.8 + 2.2 years. Thirty-five patients belonged to Group A, 26 to group B and 2 belonged to group C. PLT (cells/cumm) on Day 3 and Day 7 was 91,828 + 33,532 vs 195,371 + 70,586 in Group A patients (p<0.0001), 69,076 + 45,904 vs 163,230 + 85,053 in Group B patients (p=0.0018) 38,500 + 38,890 vs 86,000 + 28,284 in Group C patients (p=0.29). PCT (%) on Day 3 and Day 7 was 0.09 + 0.04 vs 0.18 + 0.06 in Group A patients (p<0.0001), 0.07 + 0.04 vs 0.15 + 0.07 in Group B patients (p=0.0009) and 0.04 + 0.04 vs 0.08 + 0.28 in Group C patients (p=0.84). MPV (fl) on Day 3 and Day 7 was 10.73 + 1.07 vs 11.34 + 1.09 in Group A patients (p=0.0212), 10.41 + 1.39 vs 10.87 + 0.99 in Group B patients (p=0.3389), 9.35 + 1.62 vs 10.3 + 1.41 in Group C patients (p=0.59). PDW (fl) on Day 3 and Day 7 was 14.46 ± 1.35 vs 13.22 + 1.10 in Group A patients (p=0.0001), 14.61 + 1.36 vs 13.0 + 0.76 in Group B patients (p=0.0011) and 14.5 + 1.84 vs 13.5 + 0.71 in Group C (p=0.54). Though MPV was lower in patients with platelet count <20,000 cells/cumm (8.57 + 0.5 fl) as compared to other groups, it was not statistically significant (p=0.325). PCT increases with increase in platelet count on Day 3 and Day 7 (p=0.000). Though PDW was lower on Day 3 in patients with platelet count <20,000 cells/cumm as compared to the other 3 groups, it was not statistically significant (p=0.0740). Conclusion: Lower platelet count and low PCT are seen with severe dengue, increasing platelet count and PCT suggest recovery phase of dengue. MPV had no correlation with severity of dengue or level of thrombocytopenia suggestive that there is no role to predict severity of dengue. PDW does not fluctuate with severity of dengue or level of thrombocytopenia. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 09 Aug 2019 Accepted 22 Nov 2019


Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by sustained synovitis.Although the exact pathological mechanism of RA is not well defined,T cells have been thought to be the major factor in the process of RA.Recently,it was found that regulatory T cells(Treg)and Th17 cells play important roles in the development of RA.IL-17,produced by Th17,is a pro-inflammatory factor and may promote damages of bone and joint through the induction of matrix metallo proteinases(MMPs) and osteoclasts.Treg can inhibit the development of inflammation through the release of some inhibitory cytokines,such as IL-10 and TGF-β,which are important in the maintenance of immune homeostasis.Both Th17 and Treg cells secret their transcription factors ROR-γ t and Foxp3 through TGF-β pathway.Therefore,it is very important to regulate the balance of Th17/Treg in RA patients.This review will describe the role of Th17/Treg balance in the pathological process of RA.


Discharge of industrial effluents and their remediation in relation to crop production are the major concerns. Accordingly, the color, pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness, chloride, CO3, HCO3, alkalinity, Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cr contents in the effluents discharged from Hazaribagh tannery and Tejgaon textile industries in Dhaka were determined. These effluents had no significant (p≤0.05) effects on soil pH but exerted significant positive effects on the CEC of the soil. The TDS of the effluents were also high but it decreased by alum [K2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 24 H2O] treatment (0.1%). The DO of the effluents was low and the COD was high leading to a serious threat for aquatic lives. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr were high. Filtration through natural sand-gravity-filter acts like Effluent Treatment Plant-ETP and coagulation of effluents by alum decreased the concentrations of Cd and Cr below the permissible limits. The treated effluents were used for the production of vegetables of red amaranth (Amarunthus cruentus), green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and green amaranth (Amarunthus viridis) grown in a non-polluted soil under pot experiments. Application of treated effluents was found to have significant (p≤0.05) positive effects on the biomass production of the vegetables. The highest amounts of assimilation of Cd in plants were recorded for the Green spinach followed by Green amaranth and for Cr, the order was green spinach followed by red amaranth and green amaranth vegetables grown under the treated effluents of tannery and textile industries. The present study revealed that the natural sand-gravity-filter (i.e., Economic ETP) and alum treatments were found to be effective not only for the remediation of polluted effluents but also improved the growth of vegetables. The use of natural filter and/or alum treatment can be practiced for the remediation of pollution of industrial effluents before discharging from industries.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(2): 109-118


The re-engineering project should start with a mission that customers are our most important partners, and so give them what they want ... for a world-class supply chain, we need world-class people ... celebrate successes to motivate people to do more. Adtran, Inc. is an established supplier of advanced transmission products that provide users access to today's expansive telecommunications networks. Widely deployed in carrier, enterprise, and global networks worldwide, Adtran products support all major digital access technologies. Its equipments are widely deployed by major Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers, Inter-exchange Carriers, ISPs, Competitive Service Providers, International Service Providers, public and private enterprises, and original equipment manufacturers. Adtran has 20 years in the Telecom Industry and has been profitable every year since 1987. In fiscal 2005, its revenues topped $500 million. Today, it employs about 1,700 people and manufactures in Huntsville, Alabama. It also subcontracts throughout Asia. SUPPLY CHAIN REENGINEERING PROJECT The initial Supply Chain Re-engineering Project began in January of 2001 with the objective to redefine the existing business practices for a flawless execution of the basic principles of "World-Class Supply Chain Excellence." The basic principles established were: 1. The Customer is our #1 priority. Let's give them what they want. 2. Inventory is a cost of doing business. Let's make it affordable. 3. Velocity is the name of the game. Let's eliminate non-value added processes and touches. 4. Have "World-Class Performance" through empowerment. Let's unlock the true potential of our greatest asset-The Employees! A cross-functional team was created consisting of 26 individuals from all facets of the enterprise. The following departments were called upon to participate in the project: supply chain operations, manufacturing operations, test engineering, transportation, purchasing, outsourcing, component engineering, IT, finance, sales, marketing, carrier engineering, and enterprise engineering. To insure proper senior management support, the Supply Chain Steering Committee that was established consisted of: President, COO, CIO, CFO, Senior VP Manufacturing, CND Senior VP & General Manager, END Senior VP & General Manager, and the VP of Supply Chain Operations. In the first formal meeting of the Supply Chain Task Force, the members of the Steering Committee were present. They committed their full support as well as resources and empowerment to make a change. In fact, at this meeting they expressed the importance of the Supply Chain Project for Adtran's future growth and profitability. They stated that we cannot have a world-class company without a world-class supply chain; we can't have a world-class supply chain without worldclass people; and we cannot have worldclass people if we do not give them the training and development as well as a world-class tool set to get the job done. THREE PHASES The team was now off and rolling, and a timeline for the project was created, which consisted of the following three phases. Phase 1: The 90-day sprint to develop a baseline model depicting Adtran's current state of health including the good, the bad, and the ugly. This was the time to shape a "To Be" or "End Vision" with realistic interim stages and to perform a Gap Analysis. Such a Gap Analysis would point out the disparity in each function from where Adtran currently resides to where it has to be in order to achieve the World-Class Supply Chain Excellence. Phase 2: This phase called for reviewing and prioritizing projects to close the gaps. It was important to review these priorities with the Steering Committee while taking into consideration impacts and prioritization within other internal projects. Also, it was the time to develop a game plan to execute tasks and close the gaps in realistic interim stages. …


Background: Hospitals and health care centers, like any other organizations, have some common norms and beliefs known as organizational culture. Organizational culture plays key roles in organizations and have impressive impacts on nurses' performances. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and education of nursing staff employed in educational hospitals based on Denison Model and DREEM. Methods: This study is a descriptive, analytical survey conducted in 2015. The Target population of the present consisted of educational hospital's nurses and paramedics. 200 nurses and paramedics have been selected using a random systematic method. Using a standard questionnaire of Denison and Dream which were validated and reliable, data were gathered. To analyze data, SPSS software version 16and T-test, ANOVA, regression, were used.  Results: DREEM organizational culture questionnaire consisted of four dimensions. Percentage adjustment accounted for dimensions of organizational culture; mission (78.9%), later involvement (13.2%) and adaptability (4%) are as mentioned. Finally, the dimensions of organizational culture have managed to 96.1% of educational environment which demonstrated a significant positive correlation between these two variables (P <0.01).  Conclusions: The organizational culture of S-Faghihi hospital (one of the educational hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences) showed a better situation than a Namazee Educational Hospital. Organizational culture as a decisive excellence factor in hospitals' teaching improved the educational environment and ultimately improved student learning and educational consequences such as productivity and health of the patient.


Abstract Every year around 800,000 people commit suicide, this represents one death every 40 s. In the search for possible biological biomarkers associated with suicide and/or psychiatric disorders, serum cholesterol levels have been extensively explored. Several studies indicate that cholesterol and associated proteins, especially apolipoproteins (Apos), may play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and susceptibility of suicidal behavior. Here, we describe the current knowledge and findings in the relationship between apolipoproteins and suicide. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first systematic review of Apos in relation to suicidal behavior. Dysregulations of Apos expression has been observed in patients with suicidal behavior. Apos seem to be associated with cognitive dysfunction in suicide attempters. ApoE is a potential biomarker regarding suicidal behavior.


1 . An epileptic patient with Dupuytren9s contracture of the palms, severe plantar fibromatosis, prominent knuckle pads, periarthritis of the shoulders and hyperplasia of the gums is described. 2. The plantar lesions recurred despite radical excision. The knuckle pads on one hand disappeared after radiotherapy. 3. The association of each of these conditions with epilepsy and with Dupuytren9s contracture is reviewed, and it is suggested that the hyperplasia of the gums may be a hitherto unrecognised feature. 4. The characteristic histological appearances of the plantar lesions are described and the risk of confusion with fibrosarcoma is emphasised.


Saudi Arabian authorities are being urged not to deliberately paralyse a man in retribution for similar injuries he allegedly caused during a fight.

Amnesty International said that a court in Tabuk, in the north west of the country, has approached a number of hospitals asking about the possibility of cutting the man's spinal cord to carry out the punishment of "qisas" (retribution), as requested by the injured victim.

It reports that one hospital has said it would be possible to injure the spinal cord at the same place as the damage the man is alleged to …


Abstract Background Family is among the most relevant sociodemographic factors influencing the health and well-being of individuals. However, the general contribution of the family context to premature adult mortality is seldom measured, and possible changes in this effect over time have not been quantified in previous studies. Methods The study is based on individual-level register data on the total Finnish population aged 30 years and over. We estimate two-level Weibull survival models with individuals nested in families for six five-year periods between 1990 and 2020 to assess the degree to which the family context contributes to individual differences in mortality. The median hazard ratio (MHR) is used as a summary measure of this general contextual effect. We assess trends separately by sex and age categories and broad cause of death groups, as well as adjust for different individual- and family-level sociodemographic characteristics. Results The preliminary results show that the contribution of the family level to individual mortality risk is substantial. The family effect shows an increasing trend over three decades and is largest among younger individuals aged 30-49. Conclusions The overall relevance of the family context to mortality is considerable and has grown over time. From a public health perspective, policy and interventions should place more importance on family-level influences on health. Key messages • The family context and whom you live with are increasingly important for health and mortality. • Family-oriented health care and services that consider family-level influences should be developed further.


As the title indicates this book is primarily about the economic and political position of Outer Mongolia (the Mongolia People's Republic) at the present day. It therefore falls somewhat outside the normal preview of this Journal, but it would be quite wrong not to call attention to the latest book (to date) of the most distinguished authority on modern Mongolia. It would be unwise of a reviewer to criticize Prof. Lattimore's statements about modern Mongolia, but it is perhaps permissible to raise an eyebrow at some of his statements about the earlier history of the Mongols. No-one who has studied the subject at all deeply would agree with the statement (p. xii) that "the Mongol language is related to the Tungus family". Nor would many scholars agree with the view (p. 205) that Mongolian was a written language long before the 13th century and that by that time distinct literary and vernacular langauges had developed. Similarly Kowalewski's dictum that "the original stock of the Mongol language is the vocabulary of herdsmen and hunters" cannot be defended in the light of recent research. Except for horse, pig, cat and dog, all the Mongolian words for domesticated animals are Turkish loan-words, and so far as the wild animals are concerned it is the forest animals, like the bear, that have native names while the steppe animals, like the hare, have Turkish ones. Oddly enough, even though now (p. 25) Mongols have a prejudice against eating fish, the words for fish and fishing gear are predominantly native. Again surely the description of the third photograph as the representation of "a bronze-age tomb of a Hun" is a contradiction in terms, The Huns of history were not a bronze-age people, and there is no evidence that the bronze-age people of Outer Mongolia were Huns. The homeland of the Huns, when they first appear in history, was much further south. These are, after all, merely minor blemishes in a fascinating book, but the friends of both men will deeply regret that Prof. Lattimore should have thought fit to say what he did about Prof. Poppe.


This contribution is concerned with two central issues in contemporary English cricket, both of which touch on notions of ethnicity and nation. Firstly, it explores the paradox in which, on the one hand, cricket has been an enduring motif of an unchanging Englishness while, on the other, particularly since the 1960s, the English cricket authorities have availed themselves of an ever more malleable definition of English nationality. The chapter will briefly trace this malleability historically from the late nineteenth century through to the present day. It then discusses new ideas of ethnicity and nationality and their implications for English cricket. It goes on to assess the relationship to English cricket of various ethnically defined communities; it analyses the controversy in 2003 over whether or not the England cricket team should play in Zimbabwe and closes by commenting on the significance both of the Ashes series played in England in the summer of 2005, which was widely perceived as momentous in its implications, and of the England and Wales Cricket Board's decision to award the contract to televise England Test matches to a satellite TV company. In cricket [there is an ongoing] row about whether the game should go forward to a world of coloured clothing, selling advertising space on the umpire's coat and Rupert Murdoch's money; or stay with the traditions of the BBC, polite applause and the game being run by people who think a chap shouldn't be given out LBW if his father is in the House of Lords. Both have their own agenda, and neither has the interests of the game as its priority. [1] In football, by and large, it's the fans that are racist but in cricket it's the establishment. It's institutionalized racism. The smell of imperialism is in your nostrils all the time. [2]


This research aims to determine the condition of vegetation around the Rafflesia environment, conditions and population of Rafflesia host, condition and population of Rafflesia, and environmental characteristics of abiotic component in Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method with a purposive sampling technique in which 4 circle plots of 0.1 Ha are made. The results showed that vegetation around Rafflesia's environment was dominated by Ki Kopi (Tarenna polycarpa) on tree vegetation, Ki Barera (Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Dennst) on sapling vegetation, and Pereng (Ficus sp) on seedling vegetation. Species diversity is quite abundant (1.027) with species richness is classified as moderate (3.833) and species evenness is high (1.585). The host of Rafflesia, Ki Barera (Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Dennst) was found as many as 9 trees with an average diameter of 4-15 cm. Rafflesia is overgrown on the roots of the top soil and stems. Found 34 knobs of Rafflesia with a mortality rate of 38.24% which is relatively low. Abiotic environmental conditions are very supportive of Rafflesia's life. Thus the biotic and abiotic environment in Cipalawah block of Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve supports the life potential of Rafflesia patma Blume.


Lake Poyang is a strongly wind⁃affected region. The wind stress, as the secondary driver after the catchment forcing and effect of the Yangtze River, may influence the flow pattern of local lake body at certain times, which affects the transport and diffu⁃ sion processes of sediment, pollutants and nutrient substances. Based on two⁃dimensional hydrodynamic model, the flow distribu⁃ tions and circulation patterns were simulated under uniform wind conditions. Comparisons were made between cases of no wind and uniform wind in order to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of the flow. The results showed that, for NE and SSW steady winds at 3.03 m / s speed, the impact of wind on water level was negligible, and the effect on flow was mainly restricted to the west coast and eastern bay between the middle of July and the end of September. In the affected regions(about 16% of the total lake area), obvious circulations were noted, which showed spatial and temporal variability, and where average flow velocity was approximately twice as much as that for no wind condition. NE and SSW wind⁃driven circulations occurred in similar locations but corresponding flow directions were opposite. In comparison to previous hydrodynamic simulations of Lake Poyang that ignored wind effect, this study enhanced the understanding of the location, magnitude and pattern of uniform wind forcing effect on flow. It hints the poten⁃ tial uncertainty in sediment and pollutant transport modelling when dealing with wind conditions.


Takes spare parts as core and BOM as main body,constructed a PDMS model,the function and role of supporting layer,operating layer,analyzing layer and coordinating layer in this model,and the condition,time and function formed three factors,discussed the evaluating plan of the model,which opened an effective way for the large-scaled,state-owned enterprises to adjust their products structure and takes part in the international competition,and playeds an important demonstrating role in implementing PDMS system of the trade.


Abstract
 Policy analysis needs to go beyond the conventional 'problem solving' approach to interrogating 'problem representations' within policy documents. Numerous studies on social protection in Ethiopia, and in sub-Saharan Africa at large have been confined to studying the impact of policy interventions. Studies that aimed to scrutinize policy documents for their 'problematization' of issues and 'problem representations' in the Foucauldian sense are in dearth. This study used document analysis as a method and Bacchi's (2009a) 'What is the Problem Represented to be' (WPR) model as its analytic frame to interrogate the 'problem representations' of the Developmental Social Welfare Policy (DSWP) and the present Social Protection Policy of Ethiopia. The findings suggest that though there is improvement from the earlier to the current policy, 'problem representations' of both were limited in terms of what they could deliver, for they were framed by targeting theory, having the 'resource scarcity' excuse. This was mainly reflected in the policy regimes' 'problematization' of issues and 'subjectification' of beneficiaries.


The aim of the study was to research consumer behavior concerning past-use and endof-life WEEE in Sweden, with a particular focus on consumer attitudes towards recycling and reuse of used mobile phones in the context of a Circular Economy. Our study focused on Swedish student and obtained data via a survey conducted by the authors. The data was analyzed through the use of descriptive analysis and logit regression models. The results show that respondents display a storing behavior in keeping their old and unused mobile phones and that respondents are generally unaware of how to recycle a phone. Convenience of recycling was the strongest predictor of recycling behavior, whilst reuse behavior was strongly linked to the quality and price of the already used mobile phone.


ABSTRACT
STRATA 1 STUDY PROGRAM OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
FACULTY OF HEALTH KNOWLEDGE
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
THESIS, 2015
xv pages + 42 pages + 8 attachments
HERTA MEISATAMA /J120141070
"THE INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC STRETCHING AND DEPTH JUMP EXERCISES TO THE VERTICAL JUMP IMPROVEMENT OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS IN SMP N 1 KAUMAN PONOROGO"
(The Consultants: Totok Budi Santoso, S.Fis, MPH and Dwi Kurniawati, SST.FT, M.Kes)
Background: a volleyball player must skilled to do vertical jump well, because it has some benefits and supports when the athletic performed defending/blocking and opponent smash. Leg's muscles power have an important role to create jumping, so, it could performs jumping smash and blocking perfectly (Cahyadinata, 2011).
Objectives: to find about influence of dynamic stretching and depth jump giving to the vertical jump improvement of volleyball players in SMP N 1 Kauman.
Research Method: method used in this research is quasi experiment. Research design is pre and posttest two groups design with comparing between vertical jump before and after the players performed dynamic stretching and depth jump.
Results: Wilcoxon test results taken from dynamic stretching and depth jump is that, score of Sig p < 0.05 so, there is an influence of dynamic stretching and depth jump to the vertical jump. In Mann-Whitney Test score of Sig p < 0.05 so, there is the influence difference between dynamic stretching and depth jump.
Conclusion: there is an influence in dynamic stretching and depth jump giving to improve the vertical jump. There is a difference of influence amount between dynamic stretching and depth jump to vertical jump improvement.
Keywords: dynamic stretching, depth jump, and vertical jump


We consider a Markov chain $(M_{n})_{n\ge 0}$ on the set $\mathbb{N}_{0}$ of nonnegative integers which is eventually decreasing, i.e. $\mathbb{P}\{M_{n+1}<M_{n}|M_{n}\ge a\}=1$ for some $a\in\mathbb{N}$ and all $n\ge 0$. We are interested in the asymptotic behaviour of the law of the stopping time $T=T(a):=\inf\{k\in\mathbb{N}_{0}: M_{k}<a\}$ under $\mathbb{P}_{n}:=\mathbb{P}(\cdot|M_{0}=n)$ as $n\to\infty$. Assuming that the decrements of $(M_{n})_{n\ge 0}$ given $M_{0}=n$ possess a kind of stationarity for large $n$, we derive sufficient conditions for the convergence in minimal $L^{p}$-distance of $\mathbb{P}_{n}((T-a_{n})/b_{n}\in\cdot)$ to some non-degenerate, proper law and give an explicit form of the constants $a_{n}$ and $b_{n}$.


An X-ray emission structure has been observed on the low-energy side of the oxygen K alpha line of the alkaline-earth oxides. It is interpreted in terms of KLL radiative Auger and metal-ion-oxygen-ion crossover transitions. In all targets the KLL radiative Auger thresholds have been identified uniquely. It is shown that their separation from the K alpha line is almost entirely determined by the electronic structure of the crystal environment of the oxygen ion.


Objective:To explore the effective methods on treating proliferative knee osteoarthritis.Methods:We collected 163 cases of proliferative knee osteoarthritis treated by combining needle,fire needle,blood-letting and leg bath with TCM,and made an analysis and comparison with single treatment.Results:In 163 cases,clinical cured 49 cases(30.1%),excellence 61 cases(37.4%),improvement 32 cases(19.6%),invalidation 21 cases(12.9%).Conclusion:Comprehensive therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis is better than single therapy,and could significantly shorten the treatment period,extend long-term curative effect.


ABSTRACT: This work describes a theoretical reflection about the theme of the psychiatric reform in its theorics and practicals conceptions. For this objective was made a partial analysis of the scientific production about the psychiatric reform, taking like reference the abstracts published in the LILACS and in the programs and communications on the Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem, since 1987. For the treatment of the raised data was elected like analytical category the exclusion and like empirical category the disinstitutionalization. It was looked for the production of a vision about the psychiatric reform that approximate the health staff to the present reflections regarding new forms for to think and to act towards the craziness problematic.
KEY WORDS: nursing, psychiatric.


In an increasingly globalized world,independent innovation and intellectual property are two inextricably linked important issues in the modern economic society.This article is the fundamental analysis of the relationship and roles of independent innovation and intellectual property rights in modern society,and it also briefly discusses how to nurture talents on IPR education on the modern base of talents—the higher learning.


"What does one do when the giants pass away?" remarked a very famous microbiologist to me, soon after the death of Carl Woese in late 2012. I teach microbiology and introductory cell and molecular biology at a small undergraduate institution; Woese's example and contributions have long been part of every class I teach, and with good reason. Thus, I didn't know quite what to say to my colleague at first; I was still mentally processing the event.


The concept of a smart home and a smart city recently has often become used as a fashionable and new direction. However, this combination is almost not specified, the various opinions about what does it mean are very different. Sometimes equipping an apartment building with an Internet network, video monitoring or separate waste bins are understood as the implementation of the Smart Home concept. Sometimes energy saving, alternative energy sources, environmental technologies are added here. Although such innovations are useful, they are not identical to the new approach that is expected with the introduction of such terminology, such as the Smart Home. In this paper, the critical features are given, according to the totality of which at home can be classified as smart, also given the classification of technologies used and planned for use. The concept of the Smart Home and Smart City fits into the state program "Digital Economy of Russia", so it is advisable to consider it in conjunction with the developed technologies of this State Program. Equipping a dwelling with separate useful technical solutions based on digital technologies provides only a quantitative accumulation of amenities. A qualitative breakthrough towards a Smart Home can be made on the basis of the transfer to the control systems of a determining number of functions without loss of reliability, manageability, and individuality of the home. The paper examines technologies that allow providing the full range of tasks in close connection with digital technologies and their sub-technologies, in particular, these related to virtual and augmented reality.


The problem of domain model formalization is very complex. In this paper we propose innovative approach to formalization of domain models extracted from graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of existing applications. Domain model extracted from the GUI describes the hierarchy of domain terms and relations between the terms. Output of the formalization process is an ontology where the term hierarchy is represented as the class hierarchy and the relations between terms are implemented using ontology properties. In our research we focus on formalization process that transforms terms into ontology classes with maximal similarity with the transformed term and also identify particular parts of domain model that can be transformed into ontology individuals. Once the domain model is formalized into ontology, new evaluation possibilities are available thanks to the standardized ontological format.


This article defines considerate service as a strategy that involves spotlighting public service and the staff who are its representatives. It involves all levels of staff that are in contact with the public, about 20,000 people, ranging from ticket sellers to inspectors, safety officers to metro and bus drivers. A considerate service is also a means of building up the company's positive image. It is also an efficient lever for promoting a successful relationship between staff and passengers. A considerate service is a way of enhancing the human factor in passenger relations. Even a quality public transit service does not necessarily recognize a passenger as an individual; a considerate service does, because it adds thoughtfulness into its definition.


When can you claim input VAT on a vehicle? Most businesses that are registered for VAT will be aware that you generally cannot claim input VAT on the purchase of a "motor car" as defined in Section 1 of the Value-added Tax Act. But understanding what is included in this definition - and more importantly, what is excluded - could potentially result in the entire VAT amount being refunded to you.


Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) with metallic stents is associated with a high rate of restenosis (19–21%) and target vessel failure in the long-term follow-up [1]. Potentially, implantation of a bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) (ABSORB, Abbott Laboratories) into the stenotic SVG may be an alternative to metallic stents [2]. Although the effectiveness of BVS in treatment of de novo coronary lesions in native vessels is well documented [3], none of the previous studies evaluated the results of BVS implantation into SVG.

Recently, we reported an imaging follow-up of a case of successful BVS implantation to treat a de novo stenotic SVG lesion [4–6]. Therefore, in this report we present pilot results from the OCTOPUS registry of a subgroup of patients with significant de novo SVG stenosis treated with BVS implantation.


Abstract : This report summarizes analysis and experiments of an optical signal processing architecture which excises narrow components from wideband signals using frequency plane excision. It is shown that area detection in the frequency plane is equivalent to point detection in the image plane. The design, construction, and testing of a detection system that obtains the Fourier transform of the wideband signal and adaptively searches for strong narrowband components are described. Computer simulations and experimental results of pulsed experiments are presented.


Background: Acute viral respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are the most frequent diseases in children. Aim: To analyze risk factors for ARTIs, to evaluate clinical differences among children with different viral respiratory infection and to study virological risk factors for recurrent wheezing at 3 years follow-up. Methods: We studied 273 children (median age 2.9 months, 167M) hospitalized at the Paediatric Emergency Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome (Oct 2009-May 2014) with ARTIs (148 had RSV infection, 67 hRV, 13 hMPV, 10 hBoV, 29 co-infections and 6 other viruses) and 101 control children. We performed a follow-up after 3 years. Results: Risk factors for ARTIs were the presence of siblings (p Conclusions: Environmental and genetic factors contribute to ARTIs. Clinical entities depend on viral etiology. RSV is the virus. RSV infants had more often long lasting sequelae.


This study examined three ways in which instructional designers may create a more efficient learning environment through a better understanding of multimedia learning. First, by using the theories of multimedia learning, we examined a more efficient use of sensory memory. Secondly, the multimedia effect, defined as using visual helps and guides with spoken and written text, was shown to assist working memory in processing new information into existing schema. Last, by using the personalization principle set forth by Clark and Mayer (2008), we will use both the video feed and multimedia together to foster a more social or conversational presentation to the learner. 1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE This study examined three ways in which instructional designers may create a more efficient learning environment through a better understanding of multimedia learning. First, by using the theories of multimedia learning, we examined a more efficient use of sensory memory. Secondly, the multimedia effect, defined as using visual helps and guides with spoken and written text, was shown to assist working memory in processing new information into existing schema. Last, by using the personalization principle set forth by Clark and Mayer (2008), we will use both the video feed and multimedia together to foster a more social or conversational presentation to the learner. 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Multimedia Learning Research in cognitive load theory has produced several instructional strategies which have aided instructional designers in developing more effective instructional methods. This study used multimedia learning (Mayer, 2001) because it closely related to the purposes of this study. The goal of multimedia learning is to foster meaningful learning through a better understanding of how we process information. Multimedia learning takes three findings/strategies from cognitive load theory. The multimedia designer uses these three principles of cognitive load theory when creating effective multimedia elements (Mayer, 2001). First, dual coding and dual channel research (Baddeley, 1992; Paivio, 1986) has shown that learners process media information differently whether written, spoken, or graphical. Multimedia learning states the course must be engineered to better utilize these media elements to take advantage of the dual coding/channel nature of working memory. Second, multimedia learning combines the factors that contribute to load such as intrinsic and extraneous load (Sweller, 1999; Sweller & Chandler, 1994) and the limits of sensory and working memory (Mayer, 2001; Miller, 1956; Sweller, 1999). Third, multimedia learning engages active processes such as paying attention to relevant information, organizing, and then integrating it with other knowledge (Mayer, 2001). 186 E. Holder D. and Young J. (2010). HEARD AND SEEN Instructor Led Video and its Effect on Learning. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Supported Education, pages 186-189 DOI: 10.5220/0002775201860189 Copyright c © SciTePress 2.2 Personalization Principle An emerging area of study in e-learning is the personalization principle (Clark & Mayer, 2008). Simply stated, the personalization principle examines the use of a conversational style rather than a formal writing style when presenting learning material to the distance learner (Moreno & Mayer, 2000, 2004). Evidence has emerged that suggests that the voice of the speaker plays an important role and that conversational text may be more effective when heard audibly rather than in written form (Clark & Mayer, 2008). Clark and Mayer also describe pedagogical agents, also known as coaches, which can be cartoon-like characters, talking head video, or even virtual reality avatars. Recent research in this new area has shown that these pedagogical agents using the personalization principle generated more learning than without them (Atkinson, 2002; Moreno, et al., 2001). Some of this research has also shown that there does not appear to be a difference whether the agent is a computer animation or a talking head video (Moreno et al., 2001). The voice of the agent also seems to be important to learning. A recent study where some students were learning word problems from an agent with computer generated voice and some from a human voice found that they learned better from the human voice (Atkinson, 2002; Atkinson, et al., 2005).


We have shown in previous work that an ideal observer in a classification task with N classes achieves the optimal receiver operating characteristic (ROC) hypersurface in a Neyman-Pearson sense. That is, the hypersurface obtained by taking one of the ideal observer's misclassification probabilities as a function of the other N2-N-1 misclassification probabilities is never above the corresponding hypersurface obtained by any other observer. Due to the inherent complexity of evaluating observer performance in an N-class classification task with N>2, some researchers have suggested a generally incomplete but more tractable evaluation in terms of a hypersurface plotting only the N "sensitivities" (the probabilities of correctly classifying observations in the various classes). An N-class observer generally has up to N2-N-1 degrees of freedom, so a given sensitivity will still vary when the other N-1 are held fixed; a well-defined hypersurface can be constructed by considering only the maximum possible value of one sensitivity for each achievable value of the other N-1. We show that optimal performance in terms of this generally incomplete performance descriptor, in a Neyman-Pearson sense, is still achieved by the N-class ideal observer. That is, the hypersurface obtained by taking the maximal value of one of the ideal observer's correct classification probabilities as a function of the other N-1 is never below the corresponding hypersurface obtained by any other observer.


Magneto-impedance spectra in 100 kHz 14GHz frequency range were measured at different magnetic fields in CoFeSiB amorphous wires. Three types of measuring techniques were used for three different frequency ranges (100 kHz110 MHz, 1 MHz – 3 GHz, 10 MHz – 14 GHz), the results were compared in order to establish the accuracy of the measurements and the limitation of each measuring cell. For each measuring technique there is a frequency domain determined by the measuring cell characteristics (geometry, losses, etc.). Over the maximum limit of the frequency domain unpredictable behavior could appear and the same measurement using different technique did not match. High GMI ratio, up to 400%, was found for CoFeSiB amorphous glass covered microwires at frequencies close to 50 MHz.


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INTRODUCTION
Pain in the right iliac fossa is a frequent reason for consultation and the diagnosis of appendicitis remains a challenge. The Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) stratifies the risk of suffering appendicitis, and abdominal ultrasound provides information without irradiation. This study aims to correlate the score and the ultrasound with the screening of appendicitis and evaluate its efficiency.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Prospective study of cases and controls, analytical, observational and longitudinal. Patients <15 years of age, treated for suspected appendicitis in the emergency department of a II level center, were evaluated for 6 months. The data were analyzed univariate and bivariate, using nonparametric and parametric tests according to the distribution.

RESULTS
68 patients with pain in the right iliac fossa were included: 26 appendicitis (cases) (38.2%) and 42 (61.7%) other diagnoses (controls). The PAS in appendicitis was 7.5±1.8 and in other diagnoses 5.4±1.8 (p <0.01). At 70.5% with PAS ≥4 an ultrasound was performed (diagnosis of appendicitis 58.1%, discarded 25.6% and inconclusive 16.3%). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by PAS groups only, and including ultrasound. The best result was for PAS ≥4 with ultrasound with a sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity 94.1%, PPV 96.1% and NPV 94.1%.

CONCLUSIONS
PAS is a good screening tool for the diagnosis of appendicitis. Ultrasound presents a high efficiency for the diagnosis of appendicitis. This efficiency improves when performed in the group of patients with PAS ≥4.


The global honey market has witnessed constant growth over recent decades, especially in Asian regions. In recent years, the increase in export flows of this product throughout the world has raised the issue of the lack of international import standards and regulations, making trade susceptible to variables that are not only economic, but also social or political. The objective of this study is therefore to explore, using the econometric methodology of gravity models, what the determinants of the international honey trade are, both economic and socio-cultural, and to verify whether a niche market, such as the one being examined, is influenced by these covariates, in a similar manner to the main commodities of the agri-food sector, or if honey displays a unique behavior. The results show that honey market behavior is not statistically different from that of the main agri-food products already studied and that the cultural distance, introduced as a covariate, does not have a significant influence.


Incompatibility and variation in floral morphology in Cordia alliodora (R. & P.) Oken (Boraginaceae) were investigated using a combination of fieldwork and light and ultraviolet microscopy. Results from controlled crosses clearly showed the presence of two groups of trees, where intergroup crosses were compatible but intragroup crosses were incompatible. A sporophytic, diallelic, one-locus incompatibility system was inferred. Limited failure of the incompatibility mechanism was found (approximately 1% of crosses) for both selfs and intragroup crosses. Whereas most authors previously described C. alliodora as a homostyle, measurement of floral traits and study of their relationship to controlled crosses revealed a poorly defined variation in stigma size strongly associated with the incompatibility groups. The relatively undeveloped heteromorphy, coupled with a strong incompatibility mechanism, is of particular interest. The genus Cordia, in particular the Cerdanae, appears to offer fruitful ground for furt...


A hybrid theory for source‐excited propagation in multiwave multilayer media is developed whereby ray fields and normal mode fields (with a smoothing remainder) are combined in self‐consistent proportions so as to take advantage of the favorable features of each of these descriptions [I. T. Lu, L. B. Felsen, and A. H. Kamel, Wave Motion 6, 435–457 (1984)]. To avoid proliferation of multiple reflected ray fields, caused by wave coupling at boundaries, a new spectral object called "eigenray" has been introduced, which has dispersive characteristics similar to those of a normal mode but undergoes reverberations like a single ray field in a single wave medium. For time‐harmonic excitation by a line forcing function, these new formulations have already been tested numerically on the simple but nontrivial example of P‐SV propagation in a single elastic plate [I. T. Lu and L. B. Felsen, I. Acoust. Soc. Am. (to be published)]. The validity of the hybrid algorithm has been confirmed, and parameter regimes have bee...


Owing to its special information-communication and spirit connotation,modern design is a symbol design to some degree.As a symbol design,modern design brings into play the cognition-function of the symbol,and communicates the tastefunction of the art-sculpt.Some theories of semiology that symbols are made of deduction-symbols and contemporary-symbols,and also made of image-symbols and instruction-symbols and indication-symbols,can be seen everywhere in modern design.It is obvious that the semiology and its connotation are the important elements,which cannot be ignored in modern design.


Introduction We can encounter falls in many areas of life. Not
only in sport and physical education, but also in everyday
situations. Despite the fact that the concept of fall is
intuitively clear for every human being, its definition is not
clear. It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of
the fall in its various semantic meanings in the area of
physics, philosophy, medicine, politology, and of course, in
sport. Multiple meanings of the concept of fall assures us that
it is necessary to distinguish the concepts of the fall and the
falling technique. Methods The purpose of this study is to
analyse potential danger of unwilling falls in sports as well
as to highlight falling techniques as necessary skill in other
sports. Results In different sports, falls are not only an
important physical skill affecting the sports performance, but
also a means to make the sports discipline more attractive. For
example, in volleyball considers Roque, et al. (2001) falls as
part of the game and the most exciting part of the game. We can
see the same also in other games. Combat sports athletes are
considered the most skilful in falling techniques. But also
other sports can be useful. Vives (1999) describes a
methodology of correct falls and standing up when downhill
skiing. In both falls and falling techniques is the
biomechanical structure based on the work of Carter, et al.
(2001), who examined falls from the biomedical point of view.
In our point of view, the phases landing and landing position
are the most emphasized ones at falling technique. Discussion
Complete season for ten volleyball teams was examined. Average
frequency of fall was one per 81 seconds. It means, that there
were 63.4 falls performed in one match in average. Similar
results were find in football, where falling techniques are in
close connection with other combative activities. Falling
techniques seems be very important in various sports. In many
combat sports, the decisions of the referees on the evaluation
of the throwing ones is indirect by nature of the fall of the
opponent naturally developed in the effort to learn how not to
fall according to the rules, so that the rivals aren't given
positive assessment. Some coaches even went so far as not to
teach correct falling techniques at all. They use only
so-called unorthodox falls, turnouts (Lafon, 2005). However,
each fall means an increase of the risk of injury (Gerrard,
1998).It is necessary to teach a correct falling technique,
include strength training to create a protective layer of
muscles, and include a training programme for the prevention of
accidents.


An adult male specimen of the amphibian acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus lucidus
Van Cleave, 1925 was isolated from the intestine of a whitespotted char, Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814), collected from a stream in Aomori Prefecture, northern Japan. This represents the second record of fish infection by this species of acanthocephalan. The life cycle of A. lucidus is discussed, and the char is assumed to have become infected by preying on a frog harboring the specimen. The known vertebrate hosts of A. lucidus and the geographical distribution of this species in Japan and East Asia are tabulated.


The local contrast in an image may be approximated by the contrast of a Gabor patch of varying phase and bandwidth. In a search for a metric for such local contrast, perceived (apparent) contrast, as indicated by matching of such patterns, were compared here to the physical contrast calculated by a number of methods. The 2 cycles/deg 1-octave Gabor patch stimuli of different phases were presented side by side separated by 4 degrees. During each session the subjects (n equals 5) were adapted to the average luminance, and four different contrast levels (0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.8) were randomly interleaved. The task was repeated at four mean luminance levels between 0.75 and 37.5 cd/m2. The subject's task was to indicate which of the two patterns was lower in contrast. Equal apparent contrast was determined by fitting a psychometric function to the data from 40 to 70 presentations. There was no effect of mean luminance on the subjects settings. The matching results rejected the hypothesis that either the Michelson formula or the King-Smith & Kulikowski contrast (CKK equals (Lmax-Laverage)/Laverage) was used by the subjects to set the match. The use of the Nominal contrast (the Michelson contrast of the underlying sinusoid) as an estimate of apparent contrast could not be rejected. In a second experiment the apparent contrast of a 1-octave Gabor patch was matched to the apparent contrast of a 2-octave Gabor patch (of Nominal contrast of 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.8) using the method of adjustment. The result of this experiment rejected the prediction of the Nominal contrast definition. The local band limited contrast measure (Peli, 1990), when used with the modifications suggested by Lubin (1995), as an estimate of apparent contrast could not be rejected by the results of either experiment. These results suggest that a computational contrast measure based on multi scale bandpass filtering is a better estimate of apparent perceived contrast than any of the other measures tested.


The sugarcane is one of the main crops produced in Brazil and is cultivated since the colonial Brazil Times. Soil management in the culture of sugarcane has undergone changes over time, applying new techniques of management and conservation of soil, taking advantage of systematic way the waste from the manufacture of alcohol and sugar, minimizing damage to environment. This aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil cultivated with sugarcane certified organic with and without soil disturbance, organic certification, conventional with and without straw burning and a remaining area of Cerrado in Goiatuba, Goias, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in September 2009 in the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for chemical analysis. The results were analyzed descriptively by estimating the mean, standard error of the mean and also by means of multivariate analysis, estimating the Euclidean average distance between the treatments with complete connection. There forming groups among the organic cultivation without soil disturbance and the remaining area of Cerrado in the depth 0-10 cm indicating proximity between the evaluated attributes. The organic cultivation without soil disturbance presents phosphorus and potassium far superior to other managements. The results underscore the importance of greater supply of organic waste for improved chemical attributes and maintenance of soil quality.


This paper analyzed the high-density circular laminar jets fluidity in the Normalizing Furnace Accelerating Cooling (NAC) system of TISCO. The FLUENT analytic software for fluid is used to do the numerical simulation. Comparing the simulation result with the theoretical analysis and headers actual water situation, verify the correctness of the simulation result, study water convexity of different boundary condition, and analyze the water uniformity in different parts of the header.


Since China's entering into the WTO, education market has been taking shape. Transformation and development in education, especially in higher education, has become the focus of attention of so many people. Due to the monopolistic feature of higher education in China, many problems have arisen in the marketization process, such as property right of education, use of education capital, education management, and benefits or profits of education. Those problems call for our attention and efforts to find a way for marketing higher education.


The heritage futures perspective of this paper highlights the contemporary role of heritage in fostering sustainable futures. More than ever before, it is imperative to learn from the past to prevent irreversible damage to natural ecosystems , and to foster an integral worldview, embedded in transmodernism. Consequently, re-evaluation of the concept of heritage through the Causal Layered Analysis considers new approaches to heritage incorporating the integral worldview, honouring Indigenous knowledge. One of the most important contributions of Indigenous knowledge to the new concept of heritage is the consideration of circular temporality. Circular thinking is a departure from the Western goal oriented linear mind-set focusing on the future and disregarding the past. Therefore, this extended temporality illuminates sociocultural change and offers insight into the causation of present day social dissent. The circular perspective ensures that the past is periodically revisited to strengthen identity, to provide a sense of belonging, and to integrate past and present knowledge to inform future action. There are prime examples of the consciousness integrating past, present and future, in spiritual communities, and instances of grassroots activism, reviving heritage practices worldwide. Defining features of this integral consciousness are analysed through the Four Quadrant analysis. The analysis reveals a broader senses of identity, fostering creative traditionalism and cultural citizenship, within the framework of heritage futures. Heritage futures go beyond mere preservation of tangible heritage, and considers intangible heritage as a source of societal renewal, culminating in the process of 'future-making'.;


WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access),a technology based on an evolving standard for point-to-multipoint wireless networking.Wireless internet services can be provided to user's antennas through transreceivers, for which carriers use WiMAX (S.J. Vaughan-Nichols, 2004).WiMAX, a standard based technology(802.16x) has emerged as an alternative to cables and DSL in providing Wireless broadband access. WiMAX a forum certified system will provide fixed,, nomadic ,portable mobile wireless broadband connectivity. This paper focuses on how WiMAX evolved, its standards, market potential and how it can migrate into the promising world of 4 G.