An operative and versatile household energy management system is proposed to develop and implement demand response (DR) projects. These are under the hybrid generation of the energy storage system (ESS), photovoltaic (PV), and electric vehicles (EVs) in the smart grid (SG). Existing household energy management systems cannot offer its users a choice to ensure user comfort (UC) and not provide a sustainable solution in terms of reduced carbon emission. To tackle these problems, this research work proposes a heuristic-based programmable energy management controller (HPEMC) to manage the energy consumption in residential buildings to minimize electricity bills, reduce carbon emissions, maximize UC and reduce the peak-to-average ratio (PAR). We used our proposed hybrid genetic particle swarm optimization (HGPO) algorithm and existing algorithms like a genetic algorithm (GA), binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (BPSO), ant colony optimization (ACO), wind-driven optimization algorithm (WDO), bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) to schedule smart appliances optimally to attain our desired objectives. In the proposed model, consumers use solar panels to produce their energy from microgrids. We also perform MATLAB simulations to validate our proposed HGPO-HPEMC (HHPEMC), and results confirm the efficiency and productivity of our proposed HPEMC based strategy. The proposed algorithm reduced the electricity cost by 25.55%, PAR by 36.98%, and carbon emission by 24.02% as compared to the case of without scheduling.


Humility is a concept ripe for reconsideration, because the dominant concept in Western thought is a politically problematic one. This helps explain why humility has generally been ignored by contemporary virtue ethicists. I argue here that employing the methods of comparative political theory by looking to traditions outside our own - particularly classical Confucianism - will yield a richer concept of humility as a critical political virtue, and not merely a disposition of subjugation. While one will not find extensive consideration of humility as a specific concept in the Analects of Confucius, it is nonetheless a distinct theme throughout the text. Confucius shows us something about humility lacking in Western traditions addressing this virtue (or vice, as some may conceive of it). Specifically, we see humility emerge as a position of strength, which prepares one to practice other important virtues of social and political engagement. However, the Confucian concept also reveals the negatives of this virtue, albeit in an importantly different way from Aristotle's and Nietzsche's critiques. Though humility is a crucial disposition among interdependent human beings forging a shared world at each other's mercy, humility has limits as a tool for progressive social change. This is true not only when this virtue is contorted as it is put to use for particular political purposes by oppressive political or religious regimes, but even in the more positive sense that I distill here.


Nagari Batubulek is one of the sugarcane plantation areas in Tanah Datar regency, West Sumatra province, Indonesia. In nagari Batubulek itself, the "Marapalam Indah" farmer group processes sugar cane using a pressing machine and has 10 stoves to cook the cane into cane sugar. Every day this farmer group processes 750 kg of sugarcane into approximately 75 kg of cane sugar and 250 kg of bagasse. Currently, the bagasse produced is burned, as a result the smoke from the burning disturbs workers and pollutes the surrounding environment. Based on the results of interviews with the heads of farmer groups and several visits to the location of the kitchen for making sugar cane, it was found that the partner's problem was that farmers' knowledge in environmental sanitation were still low. The solution offered is to increase the knowledge and skills of partner communities to process bagasse into useful materials and to improve the sanitation of a clean kitchen environment through ongoing training and assistance. After the training and counseling, it was seen that the knowledge of environmental sanitation from the farmer groups had increased.


High-power klystrons, coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes (TWT's), and hybrid tubes, all of which utilize the microwave cavity as the basic circuit element, are described. These amplifiers are used in communications, radars, electronic countermeasures, and other applications at power levels from a few hundred watts to megawatts, at frequencies from ultrahigh frequency on up, and are particularly suited for high average powers. High gain, 30 to 60 dB, is normally achieved, and bandwidth usually lies in the 1-30-percent range. Elementary theory of operation is described, together with design considerations and systems interface information. Typical tube designs and data are presented. Recent developments are discussed, including high-efficiency techniques (to 75 percent), improvements in bandwidth, periodic focusing, and beam control electrodes. Most of the basic design techniques are well developed, and emphasis is being shifted to improvements in the detailed performance characteristics such as gain and phase resolution ripples, noise, and the sensitivities to operating voltages and currents.


Observations: Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome (MRS) is a rare or rarely recognized chronic relapsing systemic granulomatous disorder, usually involving lips (relapsing granulomatous cheilitis), facial nerve (recurrent palsy or paresis) and tonque (lingua plicata). However this disorder has three forms: classical (complete) form of MRS presenting with characteristic triad but there is also olygosymptomatic (presence of two symptoms macrocheilitis and one of another symptoms) and monosymptomic form presenting only as macrocheilitis, known as granulomatous cheilitis of Miescher. The authors describe the olygosymptomatic MRS in young women 23 year old due to recurrence of HSV-infection in association with Raynaud syndrome and dishydrotic eczema of right palm. To the best of author's knowledge this is a first case of association Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome and Raynaud syndrome. The authors hope that this article will be helpful for physicians in daily practice.


Sundowner Offshore Services, of Houston, Texas, is applying dual-fuel conversions of Electro-Motive diesel engines in a new offshore platform diesel-electric drive drilling rig. This is the first application of these dual-fuel engines in an offshore electric drive drilling rig application. A relatively low-pressure gas is required to meet the gas fuel pressure needs of these dual-fuel engines. There should be little, if any, need for additional compression of fuel gas to meet engine fuel pressure specifications. Of course, the gas taken from the gas well must be appropriately scrubbed and filtered as necessary to provide clean and dry gas fuel to the engines.


Background: Carbohydrate epitopes are often used as markers for characterization of hiPS cells. Results: A mouse IgG1 antibody (R-17F) was raised using hiPS cells as an antigen. Conclusion: R-17F recognizes lacto-N-fucopentaose I on glycolipid and exhibits a cytotoxic effect on hiPS/ES cells. Significance: R-17F may be beneficial for safer regenerative medicine by eliminating residual undifferentiated hiPS/ES cells, which are a risk factor for carcinogenesis. We have generated a mouse monoclonal antibody (R-17F, IgG1 subtype) specific to human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)/embryonic stem (ES) cells by using a hiPS cell line as an antigen. Triple-color confocal immunostaining images of hiPS cells with R-17F indicated that the R-17F epitope was expressed exclusively and intensively on the cell membranes of hiPS cells and co-localized partially with those of SSEA-4 and SSEA-3. Lines of evidence suggested that the predominant part of the R-17F epitope was a glycolipid. Upon TLC blot of total lipid extracts from hiPS cells with R-17F, one major R-17F-positive band was observed at a slow migration position close to that of anti-blood group H1(O) antigen. MALDI-TOF-MS and MSn analyses of the purified antigen indicated that the presumptive structure of the R-17F antigen was Fuc-Hex-HexNAc-Hex-Hex-Cer. Glycan microarray analysis involving 13 different synthetic oligosaccharides indicated that R-17F bound selectively to LNFP I (Fucα1–2Galβ1–3GlcNAcβ1–3Galβ1–4Glc). A critical role of the terminal Fucα1–2 residue was confirmed by the selective disappearance of R-17F binding to the purified antigen upon α1–2 fucosidase digestion. Most interestingly, R-17F, when added to hiPS/ES cell suspensions, exhibited potent dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effect was augmented markedly upon the addition of the secondary antibody (goat anti-mouse IgG1 antibody). R-17F may be beneficial for safer regenerative medicine by eliminating residual undifferentiated hiPS cells in hiPS-derived regenerative tissues, which are considered to be a strong risk factor for carcinogenesis.


Objective To discuss clinical feature about fungous infection during cerebral trauma in hospital.Methods Clinical data about 840 cases with cerebral trauma from Mar 2003 to Mar 2007 in our hospital were collected and analyzed for fungous infection.Results The infection rate was 20.9% (176/840). A total of 205 strains of pathogenic mycetes were isolated, in which Endomyces albicans accounted for 45.9% (94/205), Candida parapsilosis 9.8% (20/205), Torulopsis glabrata 6.3% (13/205), Cryptococcus hominis 2.9% (6/205), and other mycetes 5.4% (11/205).Conclusion In recent years, incidence of mycete infection increases obviously, and Endomyces albicans is the most common, resistant to antifungal agents to a certain degree.


When clinicians at Carmel Plaza Dental needed to line the practice's compressed air system, they looked to Nu Flow for help.


List of tables Special acknowledgments Acknowledgment Notes on citation Part I. Peace through Commerce: 1. The times and seasons of corporate responsibility 2. Red (and not so red) in tooth and claw 3. Tales of the firm 4. Honest brokers Part II. Total Integrity Management: 5. Hard trust 6. Real trust 7. Good trust 8. Instruments of peace Index.


In order to solve the problem of reckoning without shear contraction in K-G model suggested by Specification of Soil Test and keep its simplicity,a shear contraction modulus is proposed and a three-modulus modified K-G-D model is suggested which has seven parameters;the integrated incremental stress-strain relations are expressed by mean normal stress,generalized shear stress,volumetric strain and generalized shear strain are given.Model calibration for normal consolidated clay soil is carried out by isotropic consolidation tests and drained triaxial compression tests that the mean normal stress remains constant,model verification is carried out by the drained conventional triaxial compression tests,the computation results by the model parameters coincide well with curves of the tests,which demonstrates that the modified method is rational and applicable.The modified model is capable of reflecting the characteristics of pressure sensitivity,shear contraction and strain hardening,and suitable to underconsolidated and normally consolidated clay soils,loose and medium sands under the stress paths of mean normal stress increasing or remaining constant.In addition,the model calibration does not need additional tests,the modified model is clear in concept,simple in form and convenient to use.


Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams with orbital angular momenta (OAM) are widely used in optical communication systems to increase capacities because of their orthogonality and completeness. However, the apertures of practical OAM-based multiplexing systems are always finite and inevitably affect the orthogonality and completeness. In this paper, the influences of finite apertures on the orthogonality of LG eigen beams and on the completeness of the set of LG bases are investigated. The closed-form inner product of arbitrary LG beams in finite apertures is derived. The results show that in finite apertures, the orthogonality of LG eigen beams with the same topological charge is partially lost, whereas the orthogonality of those with different integer topological charges is preserved and independent of the aperture sizes and the radial indices. The subset of LG eigen beams satisfying the root mean square radius condition is proven to be incomplete by evaluating the approximation accuracy of the truncated LG expansions of arbitrary real-order LG beams. The peaks of the root mean square error of the truncated LG expansions are greater than 0.225 under the root mean square radius condition when approximating fractional LG beams. The results can be utilized in analyzing and designing optical communication systems using LG beams with both radial and azimuthal degrees of freedom under the finite aperture limitation.


The invention relates to a structure means (1) from a supporting body (2) on which a component (3) consisting of a film (4) and at least one component (5, 6, 7) is disposed, wherein the support body (2) comprising is formed a support substrate (11) with a recess (10). The invention also relates to a device for application of the component (3), comprising a receptacle for a plurality of individual or series interconnected structure means (1), a feed device for conveying the structure means (1) and a tool for separation of the component (3) from the supporting body (2) and / or for the assembly of the component (3) to an application site (16). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for making the structure means (1) of at least one component (5, 6, 7) and a film (4) existing component (3), in which a carrier substrate (11) is provided and at least in any order a layer (8, 9) of the film (4) and at least one component (5, 6, 7) are applied to the carrier substrate (11), wherein subsequently structured, the carrier substrate (11) and a payload section by section to the film (4 ) is completely removed and a supporting body (in a limiting the useful support zone 2) remains forming condition. The invention further relates to a method for the application of the component (3), wherein the component (3) of the supporting body (2) and at the application site (16) is arranged.


Hypericum gaitii, an endemic shrub to Orissa, India, which is located in Similipal Biosphere Reserve, appears to be restricted to five extant subpopulations. Intensive surveys are required in order to establish whether there are any other extant subpopulations exist in other part of Orissa, and the presently known subpopulations require habitat monitoring and continuous protection.


Abstract Age and diet of 140 brown phase early juvenile Notothenia rossii specimens caught at Potter Cove from December 2005–March 2006 were studied. Fish were immature, in the range 8.5–21 cm TL and of age groups 1–2 (otolith/scale readings). The diet (F% and coefficient Q methods) was mainly benthic-demersal organisms with Gammaridean amphipods (primarily Gondogeneia antarctica) as the most frequent (F% = 98) and main prey (Q% = 97). The occurrence of algae, gastropods and harpacticoid copepods was high, but these organisms were secondary or occasional food. The importance of other benthic (bivalves, polychaetes, isopods) and pelagic (ostracods, calanoids, hyperiid amphipods, krill) prey was very low. Preference of larger fish for larger prey was evident. Stomach fullness analysis showed high food availability during the sampling period. Young stages of N. rossii are demersal, preying mainly on gammarideans and other invertebrates of the benthic community associated with macroalgae beds. The almost complete lack of plankton components in the diet of early juvenile fish suggests they do not migrate vertically to feed.


Shirley P. Franca works in the field of Performing Arts, Education, Literature andPopular Culture as an actress, educator, puppetter, storyteller and brincante. Matriarch of thefamily troupe Companhia Carroca de Mamulengos has traveled Brazil for 43 years promoting Artand Culture. This article presents an interview with Schirley P. Franca, addressing her trajectoryand experiences along the journey as an artist and mother, since childhood and the influence ofwomen in the family, going through the theatrical adventures of adolescence, the long years withthe Carroca de Mamulengos and the dream of graduating from university, which was achieved in2020.


The adjoint thermodynamic and heat exchange processes in the new class piston compressor with regenerative heat exchange are considered in the paper. The implicit tridiagonal matrix algorithm is implemented to study the unsteady thermal conductivity in the cylinder–piston group. After the formulation of proper initial and boundary conditions, the optimal relationship between temporal and spatial discretization steps is determined. Two different time steps are used in the numerical solution of the two-way coupled fast thermodynamic and slow heat exchange models. The relationship between those time steps is determined as well. The conducted numerical experiments allow the analysis of the dynamics of heat exchange in the cylinder–piston group, temperature variation in different parts of the cylinder–piston group, the impact of the heat transfer processes on isothermal and adiabatic efficiency, the impact of heat exchange dynamics on the thermodynamic cycle, as well as other thermodynamic and energetic effects.


In our current work, we are designing a Landmark Navigation Strategy for an Autonomous Mobile Robot. Our research will build on the Evolutionary and Bio-inspired paradigm. Bio-inspired research looks to model and reproduce emergent and adaptive behaviors that characterize living organisms and natural phenomena. We believe that these methods are perfectly suited to endow an artificial machine with human-like capabilities. If a Mobile Robot has autonomous Navigation abilities, it is because if fullfils three necessary characteristics. First, the robot must optimize its sensing and feature extraction capabilities based on input from its environment. Second, the robot should incrementally discover, categorize, remember and identify salient environmental fetures or landmarks. Finally should be adaptable and robust to changes if it will work within a dynamic environment. To meet these goals, incremental, robust and adaptable learning techniques are necessary. We believe that these capabilities can emerge through the use of artificial evolution and a Bioinspired approach.


Objective: Hemodialysis is a treatment for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. The incidence of ESRD has been increased up to 8% from 2004 to 2011. Based on some studies, various complications can occur in hemodialysis process. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the incidence of adverse sideeffects during hemodialysis in kidney patients. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done in 2015 (05 Feb to 12 April) on 142 patients under hemodialysis treatment. Data gathering was done by using a researcher-made checklist which was designed by studying authoritative sources. Data analysis was done by SPSS. V.16 using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Results: Among 142 patients, 51.38% were female and 48.62 of them were male. Muscle cramp (72.53%) and Bleeding (2.11%) were the most and the least complications that have been attested during hemodialysis respectively. Conclusion: According to the various side-effects of hemodialysis process in this study, some actions such as reducing the pump rotation and nutrition education is recommended in order to increase the level of satisfaction in patients.


Sharing data has many benefits. However, data sharing rates remain low, for the most part well below 50%. A variety of interventions encouraging data sharing have been proposed. We focus here on editorial policies. Kidwell et al. (2016) assessed the impact of the introduction of badges in Psychological Science; Hardwicke et al. (2018) assessed the impact of Cognition's mandatory data sharing policy. Both studies found policies to improve data sharing practices, but only assessed the impact of the policy for up to 25 months after its implementation. We examined the effect of these policies over a longer term by reusing their data and collecting a follow-up sample including articles published up until December 31st, 2019. We fit generalized additive models as these allow for a flexible assessment of the effect of time, in particular to identify non-linear changes in the trend. These models were compared to generalized linear models to examine whether the non-linearity is needed. Descriptive results and the outputs from generalized additive and linear models were coherent with previous findings: following the policies in Cognition and Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates increased immediately and continued to increase beyond the timeframes examined previously, until reaching close to 100%. In Clinical Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates started to increase only two years following the implementation of badges. Reusability rates jumped from close to 0% to around 50% but did not show changes within the pre-policy nor the post-policy timeframes. Journals that did not implement a policy showed no change in data sharing rates or reusability over time. There was variability across journals in the levels of increase, so we suggest future research should examine a larger number of policies to draw conclusions about their efficacy. We also encourage future research to investigate the barriers to data sharing specific to psychology subfields to identify the best interventions to tackle them.


The external memory I/O bandwidth is the most common performance bottleneck for Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) inference accelerators. On the other hand, performance is also affected by many other factors such as the on-chip memory size and data scheduling strategies, making it difficult to identify the root cause of performance degradation. This paper proposes an improved roofline model specifically for the CNN accelerator, which provides a deep understanding of the bandwidth bottlenecks and points out the direction of optimization. Previous roofline models have focused on modeling and optimizing each layer, while neglecting some high-level optimizations (e.g. layer fusion and batch processing) that alleviate the bandwidth requirements. However, the uneven cross-layer bandwidth requirements can have a significant impact on the overall performance, and the combination of independently optimized layers does not necessarily result in an overall optimal solution. Our model is capable of modeling more complex data scheduling strategies and enables a larger design space than previous roofline models. We use the Xilinx CNN accelerator on ZU9 FPGA as an example for quantitative analysis and optimization. We apply the optimization method derived from the improved roofline model to the original design and ultimately achieve a 1.6x performance improvement. The derived optimization method effectively solves the severe temporary bandwidth overload problem in the original design that leads to the computational inefficiency.


The study was carried out with the aim of determining the age and percentage wastage of foetus due to the slaughter of pregnant does in Zango Abattoir, Samaru, Zaria. Out of a total of 680 female goats slaughtered during three months (January to March, 1998), 275 (40.44%) of the were pregnant. From the pregnant uteri, 460 foetuses were recovered and used for the study. Out of the recovered foetuses 41.09, 21.82 and 37.09% were twins, triplets and single respectively. The weight as well as the crown-rump of the foetuses were measured and the results obtained were used to determine their estimated ages. It was found that the highest percentage (46.2%) 0f the foetuses fell within the first trimeter of pregnancy, while the second and third trimesters had 30% and 23.8% respectively. The regression equations and the results of the correlation analysis showed that the gestational age of the local breeds of goats can be accurately estimated by crown-rump measurement. It was concluded that complete lack of pregnancy dignostic test on does before slaughtering in the abattoirs resulted in heavy losses of foetuses which call to question the role of the veterinary personnel at the abattoir with the consequence reduction in the availability of animal protein in the country. The study also gave an insight into the use of two easily measured variables: foetal weight (FW) and crown rump lenght (CRL) as a means for age estimates in goats.


The photochemistry of a number of metalloporphyrin oxoanion complexes has been examined by matrix isolation techniques, using both frozen solvent glasses and polymer films. After an extensive search for a noncoordinating, unreactive, glassing solvent, a 3: 1 mixture of 2,2-dimethylbutane and tert-butylbenzene was found to work well at temperatures below 70 K. Alternatively, the photochemistry of metalloporphyrins was monitored in polymer films by the evaporation on a sapphire window of metalloporphyrin solutions in toluene containing either pol: :methyl methacrylate) or poly(a-methylstyrene). The polymer films have the added advantage of a greatly increased temperature range, providing diffusional isolation even at room temperature. The photoreduction of the metal by homolytic a-bond cleavage and loss of the axial ligand appears to be a general mechanism for all metalloporphyrin complexes examined. The formation of metal-oxo species from photolysis of metalloporphyrin oxoanion complexes in solution derives from secondary, thermal reactions. The role of metalloporphyrins in two very separate biological processes, oxoanion reduction (nitrite and sulfite reductases)l-" and hydrocarbon oxidation (cytochrome P450),s has led us to examine the photochemistry of metalloporphyrin complexes6 of a number of anions including nitrate and nitrite,' sulfate and bisulfate,' perchlorate,* and ~hloride.~ The photochemistry of porphyrins1&14 and metall~porphyrins~~,'~~~ continues to com- mand substantial interest. In this area, one of the more surprising observations is 8-bond cleavage in the solution photochemistry of metalloporphyrin oxoanion complexes;" this results in oxygen atom transfer to form metal-oxo complexes and can occur with either homolytic or heterolytic transfer.


Product distributions are reported for the C+(2P)+CH4 reaction between 0.1 and 10 eV. Upper limits to the fraction of the total reaction involving an excited ethylene ion intermediate are estimated by comparison of product distributions with breakdown curves for ethylene ions. The results indicate a decrease in complex formation at higher translational energies and suggest more direct mechanisms contribute to C2H2 + and C2H3 + formation at higher energies.


The current focus on social justice in career practice necessitates identification and prioritization of specific competencies for multicultural counseling and social justice action (Blustein, 2006; Watson, 2010). The Multicultural Cultural and Social Justice Competencies (MCSJC) scale was used to examine (a) the importance of various competency domains and their composite factors to the profession of career development and (b) the self-assessment of competence by career practitioners on these core domains and factors. The study confirms the importance of multicultural counselling and social justice competencies to career practice and suggests that educational programs are doing a better job of facilitating awareness, which focuses on attitudes and knowledge, than the skill development required to translate this awareness into culture-infused and social justice focused working alliances with clients. In particular, training in interventions at the organizational, community, and broader systems level is needed. Suggestions for curriculum development draw on the Culture-Infused Counseling model that undergirded the MCSJC scale.


AbstractGender as a construct not only plays an important role in our lives, but also in (reporting of our deaths. Thus, the presentation of male and female deaths in obituaries also exhibits gender stereo-typicality. In the traditional patriarchal context of Pakistan obituaries that are published in newspapers present men and women differently. The current research aims at exploring how gender is presented in family written obituaries that are published in Pakistani newspapers. For the current study the data is collected from four Pakistani newspapers which include two Pakistani English newspapers namely The Dawn' and The News' and two Pakistani Urdu newspapers namely The Nawa-e-Waqat' and The Jang'. The data is taken from the newspapers for a duration offour months that is February to May 2009; and the collected data is analyzed to examine how gender identities are constructed. In order to facilitate the process of data analysis, data is categorized under various sections: i) Genderedness of the deceased; ii) Personal and Professional identity of the deceased; Hi) Identity of relatives and/ or survivors. It is expected that the study will provide insights into how gender identities are constructed and projected in obituaries, and how these obituaries reflect certain socio-culturalperspectives on gender.Keywords: gender construction, obituaries, Pakistani newspapers1. Introduction and Background of the ResearchObituaries are death announcements for public that traditionally appear in newspapers since newspapers are considered to be an important part of media and a powerful source of disseminating information to public. Obituaries account for the significance of the life of a deceased, biographical sketch, family relations as well as short prayers for the deceased. Obituaries help in knowing the family background, status and important contributions of the deceased besides the information related to death.While the newspapers provide us with timely information about funeral and related services, the media portrayal and presentation of the deceased has a great social and cultural significance. This portrayal serves various social purposes. Obituaries are a source to pay respect to the departed and to offer condolence to the survivors/ family members. Theseconstitute an influential way in which people in different societies construct and show their personal relations and concerns for one another. These also provide insights into dominant vs. dominated power relations in a society. Thus, the study of projection of gender in these obituaries gathers significance in terms of presentation of identity from personal, professional, and social standpoints. In this backdrop the current research deals with the presentation of gender identity construction in obituaries through a content analysis of data collected from Pakistani English and Urdu newspapers.2. Pakistani ContextSociety as an institution determines roles, responsibilities, rules and norms for its individuals. As far as Pakistani society is concerned it is patriarchal in nature. It has traditionally allotted women the responsibilities of domestic affairs while men, being earning members of the society, hold positions and ranks in public and professional life and enjoy authority. This difference and discrimination is not only in roles and positions they acquire and hold but also the presentation of their individual identities in media. Irshad and Rasul (2004: p.33) discuss that the naming strategies adopted in the newspapers serve to highlight the subordinate role of women in society and further suggest that women are more frequently labeled in their private roles as wives, brides and widows while men are depicted in their professional roles.In this context media has a very important position. In Pakistani society where media serves the purpose of providing information, it also reflects society's norms, attitudes, beliefs and perceptions of the society. …


n practice an investor would like to have the highest return possible. However, assets with high return usually correlate with high risk. The expected return and risk measured by the variance are the two main characteristics' of a portfolio. Mean-variance model as a good optimizer can exploit the correlation, the expected return, and the risk and user constraints to obtain an optimized portfolio. Although it is the simplest model of investments, is sufficiently rich to be directly useful in applied problems and decision theory. In the paper two methods are presented that exemplify the flexibility of its application: maximizing the return and minimizing the risk. Based on the numerical solution it can easily be understood that, for an investor, specifying a target return may be more intuitive than struggling with risk aversion coefficient. The problems are formulated by using the Wolfram Mathematical Programming System.


The defence of self-defence as provided in the Nigerian penal statutes is in consonance with the constitutional protection guaranteed every Nigerian to use reasonable and necessary force for the defence of person and property, from unlawful violence. The defence, where successfully pleaded, completely exculpates a defendant from criminal liability. The important condition for the application of this defence is that the person assailed must be reasonably apprehensive of death or bodily harm and at the time, he uses any force as is necessary even if that results in the death of the assailant. However, in evaluating thedefence, the courts most often than not, read into the law what is not in the letter of the law and thereby hold the view that the retaliatory force used must be commensurate or proportionate with the attack received. This paper analyses this issue and holds the view that there is no provision in the law requiring that the defendant's act must be proportionate to the attack received. It is also the view of this paper that once there are reasonable grounds for the defendant's belief that he was in imminent danger, the amount of force used by him to preserve his life becomes immaterial. The paper recommends that trial courts should apply the letter and spirit of the law as enacted by the legislature in order to avoid miscarriage of justice.


Abstract We introduce two classes of sequences ( A n ) of approximation operators, Moore–Penrose and Fredholm sequences, which correspond in a sense to normally solvable and Fredholm operators, respectively. For Moore–Penrose sequences, we derive a certain qualitative behavior of the singular values of the approximation operators A n , and we describe this behavior quantitatively for Fredholm sequences by defining the α-number and the index of an approximation method.


A couple of two-photon absorption dyes containing triphenylamine groups as the electron donor were synthesized. They were combined with commonly used photoacid generator N-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)-1,8-naphthalimide (NIOTf) to build two-photon acid generation systems (2PAGs). The photochemical and photophysical properties of these dyes as well as their photosensitizing mechanism were investigated. Both of the two dyes have a greatly enhanced two-photon absorption cross-section over 1000 GM. The photoacid quantum yields of 2PAGs were measured in acetonitrile solution by one-photon process. Fluorescence quenching experiments were carried out and confirmed the electron transfer mechanism in resin films. Also, the acid-catalyzed chemical amplification processes in resin films were studied with a Ti/sapphire regenerative amplifier by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and both 2PAGs exhibited superior efficiencies via two-photon absorption in comparison with isopropylthio...


the discrimination (ability to distinguish between cases and controls) and calibration (predicted vs. observed risk estimates) across populations before clinical implementation. In general, models for melanoma show high discriminatory power, but are poorly calibrated when applied to other populations or using different data collection methods. In this issue of the BJD, Vuong et al. describe a prediction model they developed for incident first-primary cutaneous melanoma using the Australian Melanoma Family Study. Risk factors in the final model included naevi ≥ 2 mm, solar lentigines on the upper back (or freckle density), self-reported hair colour at age 18 and personal history of keratinocyte cancer(s). The model was validated in the Leeds Melanoma CaseControls Study, which shared a risk-factor measurement protocol with the Australian study to decrease data ascertainment differences. Vuong et al. found strong discrimination in the initial test of the model [area under the curve (AUC) = 0 79] as well as in the external validation (AUC = 0 73). The authors suggest that clinical assessment of whole-body naevi and solar lentigines improved discrimination between individuals with and without melanoma as naevi were the most predictive risk factor. Like other validation studies for melanoma, the overall calibration of the validation study was poor suggesting that use of this model may overor underestimate risk in certain populations. With the heavy workload of clinicians, it is unrealistic to expect the immediate adoption of models that require significant time to collect risk-factor information or to generate risks. Given that poor calibration is a recurring theme in validation of prediction models for melanoma, even those with high discrimination, how do we move forward and implement prediction models in the clinical setting? Data from prospective studies may help to address these issues. The QSKIN prospective cohort study from Australia, one of a few prospective studies evaluating melanoma risk models, followed 41 954 melanoma-free individuals. They found that 1 6% of individuals developed melanoma with a median follow-up of 3 4 years. Discrimination and calibration were reasonable suggesting that self-reported data, including naevi counts, can be used. Other studies, however, found better discrimination with clinically collected naevi data. Prospective studies evaluating highly predictive models using clinical and/or selfreported data and ways to optimize their adoption in clinical practice are critical for implementing models such as the one developed by Vuong et al. to improve melanoma outcomes.


The reworking of puberty arouses a reactivation of impulsive action which is potentially destructive and highly unsettling when it breaks into the family group. This period of acting-out leads the family to Court. These adolescents, like smugglers of exciting material, do not respect the law, destroy educative bondes, endanger the classical foster family system and ignore all possibilities of care. The creation of a trans-institutional system, based on the transitional area offered by foster families, with the benefit of psychoanalytical listening, allows the appeasal of this disorganizational behaviour before treating it. For the educators, who are submitted to violent and confusing projections, this system represents an area of "psychical decontamination."


Vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (VNA-FMR) is used here to study the different excited modes of sputtered asymmetrical NiFe(13.6 nm)/Ru(dRu)/NiFe(27.2 nm) exchange-coupled films with variable Ru thicknesses. The obtained results have been compared to those of the symmetrical NiFe(30 nm)/Ru(dRu)/NiFe(30 nm). In both cases, the measurements show the existence of an optic and an acoustic precessional mode. The optic mode was only observed over limited field ranges, especially in the symmetrical trilayers. To overcome such a limitation, we developed a new technique similar to the longitudinal FMR, where the bias and the rf field are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the pinning field. Interestingly, and in contrast to the symmetrical trilayers, we observed a mode anti-crossing in the dispersion relation of the asymmetrical layers that we attributed to the thickness difference between the two NiFe layers. Our experimental results on the effect of the biquadratic coupling on the mode frequency variations are in good agreement with the theory.


Mimosa invisa C. Martius (1837) is not, as long supposed, a superfluous duplication ofM. invisa C. Martius ex Colla (1834), but a heterotypic posterior homonym and therefore illegitimate.Mimosa invisa C. Martius ex Colla is the earliest valid name forM. rhodostachya (Benth.) Benth. (1875). The correct name forM. invisa C. Martius isM. diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle (1868).


Based on analyzing the mental and physiological effect of yoga,and comparing with traditional sport therapy,this paper points out that yoga,as sport therapy has more advantage than traditional sport therapy and puts forward that yoga can be promoted in the application of illness rehabilitation.


(57) Abstract: Nutritional system for feeding the colorant dyes to the nutrient liquid flowing in the nutrient system is disclosed.


The major challenge of modern agriculture is to satisfy actual and future global food demands efficiently. This great challenge requires combined efforts to preserve natural resources to support intensive agriculture while limiting detrimental impacts on the environment. One of these efforts is using nanobiotechnology. Nanobiotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in biological science. Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating materials at the nanoscale (1 nm = 10ˉ⁹ m). This review summarizes the potential of nanobiotechnology for its importance in increasing yield in agriculture and providing consumers with quality and contamination-free food. In the agriculture sector, nanobiotechnology is necessarily used as fertilizers (nanofertilizers) for crop yield improvement, pesticides (nanopesticides) for crop protection, and nanobiosensors for the detection of crop pathogens, soil conditions, and vegetation conditions, Similarly, intelligent food packaging, and detection of pathogens, adulterants, and toxins in food are its importance in the food sector.


Field experiments were conducted during three consecutive kharif seasons of research farm of Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur to study the effect of organic practices on the yield and yield attributes of groundnut in semi arid region with the treatments comprised of T1-Farmer's practices, T2- 7.5 t FYM +PSB+ PSM+ Bio-Pesticides, T3- T2 + Seed treatment with PSB+ PSM+ Bio-pesticides, T4 – T3 + Foliar spray of pseudo-monas, T5 – T3 + Foliar spray of NSKE @ 5%, T6 -T3 + Foliar spray of Panchagavya and T7-Absolute control, T8-100% RDF (15kg N+ 60 kg2O5/ha). The results revealed that in treatment T5, application of farmyard manure (FYM) (7.5 t/ha) inoculated with microbes (bio fertilizers+bio-pesticides) 15 days before sowing (heapit) and seed treatment with bio fertilizers+bio-pesticides at the time of sowing gave significantly higher pod yield (2750 kg/ha) over absolute control (2151 kg/ha) and FYM without inoculated with microbes but at par with other treatments. The same trend was also observed in B:C Ratio (3.66) with treatment T5 (T3 + Foliar spray of NSKE @ 5%). The study indicated that the groundnut showed greater response to the application of organic practices (i.e., organic farming) under semi arid region.


A new extended meta model of traceability is presented. Then, a formalized fine-grained model of traceability is described. Some major issues about this model, including trace units, requirements and relations within the model, are further analyzed. Finally, a case study that comes from a key project of 863 Program is given.


Recommender systems generate items that should be interesting for the customers. However, recommenders usually fail in the cold-start scenario - when a new item or a new customer appears. In our work, we study the cold-start problem for a new customer. For a cold-start customer we find the most similar customers and use a "their" pre-trained collaborative filtering model to recommend. We compare several recommendation approaches and similarity metrics to analyze the accuracy and computational performance.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of partially and simultaneously life style, brand image and product quality on iPhone purchasing decisions at Ngawi. Respondents in this study were all iPhone buyers in Ngawi. Given the large number of samples and not well recorded, then the sample taken by incidental sampling technique. The number of respondents in this study were 40 iPhone buyers in Ngawi. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. While the data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis, analysis of determination and hypothesis testing (t test and F test). The research findings show that (1) there is a partial influence of life style on iPhone purchasing decisions in Ngawi; (2) there is a partial influence of brand image on iPhone purchasing decisions in Ngawi; (3) there is a partial effect of product quality on iPhone purchasing decisions in Ngawi; and (4) there is a simultaneous influence on life style, brand image and product quality on iPhone purchasing decisions at Ngawi . Keywords— : lifestyle; brand image; product quality; purchasing decisions.


PurposeThis paper presents the development of personal thermal comfort models for older adults and assesses the models' performance compared to aggregate approaches. This is necessary as individual thermal preferences can vary widely between older adults, and the use of aggregate thermal comfort models can result in thermal dissatisfaction for a significant number of older occupants. Personalised thermal comfort models hold the promise of a more targeted and accurate approach.Design/methodology/approachTwenty-eight personal comfort models have been developed, using deep learning and environmental and personal parameters. The data were collected through a nine-month monitoring study of people aged 65 and over in South Australia, who lived independently. Modelling comprised dataset balancing and normalisation, followed by model tuning to test and select the best hyperparameters' sets. Finally, models were evaluated with an unseen dataset. Accuracy, Cohen's Kappa Coefficient and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) were used to measure models' performance.FindingsOn average, the individualised models present an accuracy of 74%, a Cohen's Kappa Coefficient of 0.61 and an AUC of 0.83, representing a significant improvement in predictive performance when compared to similar studies and the "Converted" Predicted Mean Vote (PMVc) model.Originality/valueWhile current literature on personal comfort models have focussed solely on younger adults and offices, this study explored a methodology for older people and their dwellings. Additionally, it introduced health perception as a predictor of thermal preference – a variable often overseen by architectural sciences and building engineering. The study also provided insights on the use of deep learning for future studies.


A study of the long term progress of the baccalaureate engineering technology (ET) graduates from the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) was undertaken during 1997. Approximately 550 of RIT's 3,000 graduates and 250 of their direct supervisors replied to the survey. The results and analysis show that RIT's ET alumni are performing effectively in a wide variety of career paths, using salary, position, and satisfaction data and comments. Introduction: The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), in Rochester, NY, is an independent university of approximately 13,300 students. Within the College of Applied Science and Technology, the engineering technology (ET) programs are administered by three departments: Civil, Electrical/Computer/Telecommunications, and Manufacturing/Mechanical Engineering Technology. The programs have a (headcount) enrollment of approximately 1,250 students, or almost 10% of the RIT enrollment. RIT's ET baccalaureate programs were started in 1970 for transfer students only, and the first class graduated in 1973. The original programs used the Bachelor of Technology designation, with the programs changing to Bachelor of Science in 1990. First and second year students were included starting in 1988. The ET programs are offered co-op for day students and most programs are scheduled evenings for the employed part time students. RIT's ET accreditation was initially granted in 1975 by what has become the Technology Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (TAC of ABET). Initial programs were in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Technology, with Civil Engineering Technology (1971), Manufacturing Engineering Technology (1980), Computer Engineering Technology (1985), Telecommunications Engineering Technology (1991) and Electrical/Mechanical Engineering Technology (1992) being added at the dates listed. In preparation for the Fall 1998 TAC of ABET visit, it was determined that a survey of the graduates of the past 25 years, and their immediate supervisors, was in order. Over 3,000 surveys were mailed to the alumni with known addresses. 550 of the alumni responded and P ge 311.1 2 250 of their immediate supervisors responded to this survey. Most of the surveys were complete, but a few of them were returned without a name, without part of the salary data, or with some other data missing. This report summarizes the findings of this survey.


Examines the circumstances in which a need for whistle‐blowing arises and how it arises, particularly in small concerns. Looks at how fraud may be promoted by top managers; the weakness of the auditor′s position in a corrupt culture; the dangers of whistle‐blowing; and the need to support the whistle‐blower.


Higher education in the United States has been and is being profoundly altered as the population increases, and as the older agrarian culture is replaced by the newer industrialized society with its national and world-wide responsibilities. And it can be confidently expected that this change will gather momentum as the newer conquests of science and invention accelerate social change in American life. In general, control of higher education has passed from the clergy to the laymen; its earlier, fixed curriculum that served classical scholars and the ministry has been discarded in favor of a differentiation of studies of the material universe and the science of man; deductive reasoning based on the philosophy of authority, whether of Plato or of the medieval church, has been largely replaced by the methods of science and by knowledge born of induction, test, and measurement; the methods of teaching reflect a new psychology of learning; and finally, the small college serving the agrarian culture has in the industrial age generally become a large institution with a student body of diverse interests, aptitudes, and objectives.


This paper reports a multi objective model for Advanced Unit Commitment (AUC) with wind power and Pumped Storage (PS) units using Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA). The novelty of the proposed method is different from the regular operation. A Mutation Operator (MO) is designed to enhance the searching performance of the algorithm and ability to adapt complex optimization problems. Here, theAFSC algorithm to accommodate wind output uncertainty, with the multi-objective of providing an optimal AUC schedule for the thermal generators in the day-ahead market that minimizes the total cost under the different wind power output scenario. The proposed method is more reliable for AUC because it considers the wind power uncertainty using the Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) time-series model and PS units, which significantly reduces the total cost. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated in the MATLAB/simulink platform and tested under IEEE standard 118 bus system and the results are compared with those obtained by Genetic Algorithm (GA), Semi Definite Programming (SDP), Binary Real Coded Firefly Algorithm (BRCFF), Artificial Bee Colony optimization (ABC) in terms of total Operating cost. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is capable of solving higher quality solutions.


The paper investigates the impact of financial integration and energy consumption on economic growth in Vietnam during the period 1986–2017. By applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran et al. [Pesaran, MH, Y Shin and RJ Smith (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.] and the bounds cointegration test, the empirical results show the existence of long-term cointegration among all the variables, and that an increase in financial integration leads to an increase in economic growth in the long run. There is a positive impact of energy consumption on growth in both the short run and long run. The causality test of Toda and Yamamoto [Toda, HY and T Yamamoto (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1–2), 225–250.] confirm that there is bi-directional causality between the pairs, financial integration and economic growth, and energy consumption and growth, which support the feedback hypothesis. However, there is only uni-directional causality from energy consumption to financial integration. The empirical results should be of major empirical importance for public policy decision-makers to plan sustainable development goals for Vietnam.


For the estimation and test of long memory feature in volatilities of stock indices and individual companies semiparametric approach, Geweke and Porter-Hudak (1983), is employed. Empirical study supports the strong evidence of volatility persistence in Korean stock market. Most of indices and individual companies have the feature of long term dependence of volatility. Hence the short memory models are unable to explain the volatilities in Korean stock market.


This study has highlighted the extent of institutional discrimination against
disabled people in contemporary Britain. It paints an alarmingly depressing
picture. Because each of the chapters has concluded with a detailed summary there
is little need to repeat them here. This conclusion therefore concentrates on the
argument for anti-discrimination legislation.


Abstract Image-guided thermal ablations are having an increasingly widespread effect on the treatment of several different abdominal conditions, and particularly on the treatment of liver and kidney tumors. In other conditions, such as in the case of pancreatic cancers, image-guided thermal ablations are still under investigation, but some studies showed promising results. Regardless the target organ to be treated, imaging represents one of the most important aspects for a safe and effective application of these techniques. To improve the image guidance in thermal ablations, some systems have been developed to fuse together two or more imaging modalities, providing the operator a real-time visualization of different information during the treatment. In the present review, the principles of fusion imaging will be described, and the principal application in the abdomen will be illustrated.


We present the first all-Parylene microbubble pressure transducer (μBPT). The μBPT utilizes an electrolytically generated microbubble (μB), trapped in a Parylene microchamber, for pressure sensing. Pressure-induced bubble size variation is detected by electrochemical impedance measurement. Real-time hydrostatic pressure measurement with excellent sensitivity (-10.7 Ω/psi, ±0.1 psi) up to 1.8 psi and tracking of internal pump pressure in a MEMS-based implantable drug delivery system were achieved. The transduction method and device format uniquely leverage the surrounding liquid environment, obviating the need for hermetic or special packaging techniques for sensing in wet environments. Arrayed μBPTs are biocompatible, fabricated on flexible substrates, ultra-miniature (200 μm diameter, 10 μm thick), and can be operated at very low power (≤ nW) making them especially attractive for in vivo pressure measurement applications.


This paper proposes an H∞ dynamic observer (DO) for a class of linear time invariant (LTI) systems in the presence of disturbances. It generalizes the existing results on the proportional observer (PO), the proportional integral observer (PIO) and the DO. The design method is derived from a new formulation of linear matrix inequality (LMI), based on the solutions of the algebraic constraints obtained from the unbiasedness conditions of the estimation error. A numerical example is provided to show the applicability and performances of our observer.


This paper reports characterization of a hydrodynamic well generated by an oscillatory microplate in a microfluidic device for non-invasive trapping of single cells. The purpose of this paper is to map the entire dimensionless parameter space in order to extract most relevant physics involved with trapping force of a single cell non-invasively. Both numerical simulation and experiment are leveraged to study the time-mean pressure distribution and flow field associated with the hydrodynamic well. The relations between trapping force and dimensionless parameter are also explored. The theory, model, and dimensionless analysis were presented for hydrodynamic well.


A pilot program to train pediatricians in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) and general psychiatry reached a milestone with the graduation of its first fellow in June.

The program, called the Post Pediatric Portal Project (PPPP), was developed in response to the severe shortage of child and


787 Background: ACT for EBC improves survival but is inconvenient and has side effects. Past studies of preferences show that many women who have had ACT for EBC consider small benefits sufficient to make it worthwhile (Lancet Oncol 2001; 2: 691). We sought predictors of these preferences. Methods: 118 consecutive consenting women who completed ACT 3 to 34 months previously (mean 18) were presented 4 hypothetical scenarios based on known survival times (5 and 15 yrs) and rates (65% and 85% at 5 yrs) with and without ACT. All women provided data on demographics, disease, treatment and side effects of ACT. A representative subset of 83 women also completed validated scales assessing anxiety, depression, optimism, perceived cause and impact of breast cancer. Associations were assessed with linear regression after normal score transformation of preferences. Results: Median age was 55 (range 24 to 69), 68% had a current partner, 45% had tertiary education, 68% were employed, 79% had children, 54% had dependant...


Traditional power grids for volatility, uncertainty, usually set a pro rata sufficient spare margin, but when the new energy grid capacity increases, if the volatility is so great, this "one size fits all" decision is often expensive, too high thermal power start-up and even result in waste of resources. Therefore, based on the study of the multi-scale flexibility control measures of source network load storage, this paper puts forward the operation planning algorithm to reduce the total operation control risk effectively by coordinating and lowering the backup measures. Synergy with the value of various flexible resources in short-term operation planning to prevent and control the risk of wind, light and power outages in power systems, to achieve flexible operation planning. Finally, through the study, the algorithm proposed in this paper is verified that the algorithm can solve the problem of risk prevention and control in operation planning more economically and safely under the condition of large-scale grid-connected new energy.


society, with a place for everyone and everyone in his or her place, poverty might simply be a part of how things are. But in America, land of opportunity and celebrator of hard work, home of the self-made man and can-do stick-to-it-iveness, poverty has often seemed unnecessary, unexpected, and inexcusable. To be sure, some of the poor are entitled to our pity and our help, for their suffering is not of their making. Illness, accident, parental abandonment, or other personal cataclysms beyond their control have victimized them, and there is precious little they can do to raise themselves up. These are the deserving poor. Others in poverty have only themselves to blame. Their vices—sloth, improvidence, dishonesty—have caused their downfall. If they rail at society or demand to feed at the public trough, it is only because they fail to recognize the justice of their plight. What they need are not handouts but virtue, especially the old bourgeois virtues of thrift, temperance, and industry; ''Low ambition offends Americans


Example Description 1 Tracer lot stability data { classical linear mixed eeects model 2 Pill dissolution data { classical linear mixed eeects model 3 Rat pup weight data { classical linear mixed eeects model 4 CD4 trajectories { linear mixed model with nonconstant intra-subject variance 5 Soybean growth study { nonlinear mixed model with nonconstant within-plot variance 6 Population PK study of phenobarbital { nonlinear mixed model with sparse data 7 Tracer lot stability data { Bayesian analysis 8 Pill dissolution data { Bayesian analysis


Housing space is the most basic living space in human life, and proper housing space is a space that directly affects human healthy life and happy life. Although the "minimum housing standard" has already been studied in many advanced countries for a long time, the importance of "minimum housing standard" has been overlooked in Korean housing culture. In Korea, the "minimum housing standard" is considered to exist but it is even becoming a existent. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the previous studies on the minimum housing standard, focusing on domestic articles. Previous studies were analyzed by Content Analysis Technique. A total of 32 preliminary studies on the minimum housing standards in Korea have been published since 1997, which was insufficient both quantitatively and qualitatively. The "minimum housing standard" is a subject that should be constantly of interest to the government, and it should be continuously studied. In addition, research that reflects changes in households and social conditions should continue. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis to diagnose the current state of the preceding research related to the minimum housing standard and to search the direction of research for the minimum housing standard in the future.


Abstract The limit capacity of binary distillation is considered for conventional heat supply to the column bottom and heat removal from the refluxer and for heat supply and removal distributed over the column height. The form of operating line, appropriating to the minimum of irreversible loss for adjusted productivity and limited transfer coefficients, was found. The expression for possible capacity limit of the distillation column was obtained, depending on flow composition and heat and mass transfer coefficients.


The word sandy soil represents a soil which consists of more amount of sand particles and small amount of clay and silt particles. Sandy soils have fewer loads bearing capacity, less shear strength, less specific surface and they do not have any plasticity. Therefore, the cohesionless soil is mostly settled during earthquake and in heavy rainy season. Owing to such properties of cohesionless soil, it is very difficult to carryout construction work on such soil in a normal way. Several techniques are available for improving the strength of soils for using them as construction materials. Fibre reinforced soil is one of the modern techniques in which fibres of desired type and quantity are added to the soil, mixed uniformly in random directions and then laid in position. . It is one of the most popular techniques used for the improvement of poor soils. Further, soil reinforcement causes significant improvement in tensile strength, shear strength, bearing capacity as well as economy. This study involves possible use of polypropylene fibre for soil stabilization. The analysis was done by conducting Grain Size Analysis, Proctor Compaction tests and unconfined compression tests and determination of consistency limit, specific gravity on unreinforced as well as reinforced soil samples to investigate the strength characteristics of fiber-reinforced soil. These tests are to be conducted at both non-stabilized and stabilized states by adding 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of polypropylene fibre by weight of the soil sample. The results show the effect of polypropylene fibre on geotechnical properties of the soil samples. As the polypropylene fiber produce the tensile property, it helps in the increase of strength of sandy soil. Reinforced soil is really an attractive and economical answer to many earth retention problems associated with highway construction, such as retaining walls, bridge abutments, platform supporting structures, foundation slabs, under water quay and sea walls, dams, sedimentation basins and tunnel linings.


X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic investigations of the bimetallic adsorbents Rh-Pd/SiO/sub 2/ and Rh-Ir/SiO/sub 2/ have been carried out. It has been shown that bimetallic adsorbents are complex systems, in which the interdiffusion of one metal into the other takes place and causes changes in the chemisorption properties.


The authors analyze the structure of vegetative organs of two Thymus species from Romania flora, evidencing the constant and particular histo-anatomical features of this species. Peculiar attention has been given to the structure, distribution and morphology of the glandular hairs, which are always multicellular having a basal cell, a unicellular stalk and 1, 2 or 8 cells gland.


Augmentation of implants with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement has been used for many years in orthopedic surgery. Traditional indications have been planned or unplanned salvage procedures with bone loss due to tumors or metastasis and revision surgeries. It is within the nature of those surgeries that the use of cement is unpredictable and not standardized. There is not much research available. Since osteoporosis essentially means bone loss, the concept of implant augmentation seems to be appealing for enhancing primary stability of fracture fixation under this condition as well.


Focused solution for Bibby : with the flatlining oil and gas market in the background, Bibby Marine Services, like a number of others, has been eyeing the potential offered by offshore wind : however, Bibby is clear the answer is crossover -- not leftover -- technology, writes Stevie Knight. -- Sitting down on the job : 'Maersk connector', although starting from Damen's 8500 offshore carrier base vessel, has incorporated a number of interesting changes --not least that it's going to settle down on its bottom, writes Stevie Knight.


American historians, preachers and politicians from the early seventeenth century to the present have found the study of Huguenots an important element in their polemics. Most recent historiography of America Huguenots focused on the rapid nature of their assimilation into, and largely disappearance from, the religious landscape of Colonial America. Considering their relatively small impact on the demographic landscape of Colonial America, Huguenots' consistent appearance in both the political and religious rhetoric of American society well into the nineteenth century must be attributed to something other than their physical presence. Despite this relatively rapid absorption into American Protestantism, Huguenots maintained a place in the rhetoric and polemics of America which far outweighed their physical presence. This chapter focuses mainly on local and community studies of Huguenots. It argues that, contrary to Butler's thesis of assimilation, there were pockets, mainly in rural areas, where Huguenot religion and culture persisted and thrived. Keywords:American Protestantism; American society; Colonial America; English Colonies; Huguenots; millenarian apocalypticism; nineteenth century; North America; polemics


In this issue ofPAIN, Benson et al. 1 present the results of a study investigating the effects of cortisol on pain sensitivity. For a long time now, the nature of the relationship between stress and pain has been an important topic in the literature on chronic pain, but surprisingly few studies have actually tried to assess the causal relationship between the stress hormone cortisol and pain sensitivity. This is a crucial issue because several researchers, including us, have proposed that stress might contribute to a vicious circle leading to pain chronicity: pain causes stress and stress amplifies pain. Although the first part of that circle is self-evident—chronic uncontrollable pain causes stress—the second part of the vicious circle—stress amplifies pain—still needs to be clearly demonstrated. Studies using stress induction procedures, such as difficult neurocognitive tasks, to examine the effects of stress on pain have so far yielded mixed results, probably because stressful tasks are also distracting. Moreover, acute stressmight also have an inverted U-shape relationship with pain where high levels of stress may inhibit pain to promote fight-or-flight responses. To mitigate some of the problems with stress induction procedures, Benson et al. decided to ask a simpler question: can cortisol increase pain sensitivity? To answer this, they compared the effects of a 20-mg dose of oral hydrocortisone to a placebo control in a group of 100 healthy individuals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sufficiently powered study to address this question. Although their results may raise many questions, we believe that this is an important step in our understanding of the effects of cortisol—and stress—on pain perception. First, hydrocortisone did not seem to have a clear impact on thermal pain. Although this may seem to contradict the hypothesis that stress contributes to chronic pain, there is now mounting evidence that responses to thermal stimuli may be a poor indicator of chronic pain. Indeed, patients with chronic pain often have normal responses to thermal stimuli. However, visceral pain thresholds (rectal distension) were found to be decreased by hydrocortisone, but in women only. These findings are interesting for at least 2 reasons: first, they add to a growing body of literature on sex differences in pain processing, and second, they highlight the need for painmodels that may bemore representative of chronic pain. Chronic pain is much more prevalent in women and so are mood disorders in general. Interestingly, the results of the current study indicate that stress may cause more hyperalgesia in women than inmen, suggesting that the higher prevalence of chronic pain in women might be due to a higher female sensitivity to stress hormones. Although the literature on sex differences in fear learning and stress shows evidence for both fear facilitation and inhibition in females, it is clear that there are important sex differences in stress regulation. Interestingly, melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1Rs), which bind among other things to adrenocorticotropic hormones, seem to play a more important role in endogenous pain modulation in females than in males. It would therefore be interesting to know whether there are other important sex differences in the neural circuits subserving stress and pain modulation that could explain the higher female prevalence for chronic pain and mood disorders. Administration of stress hormones, as was performed here by Benson et al., might help resolve some of the ambiguities raised by fear/stress induction procedures. Pain modality also seems to be an important factor: cortisol only affected visceral, but not thermal, pain. Although both types of stimuli were matched for pain intensity, visceral stimuli were clearly judged as more aversive. This is interesting because there is now growing evidence that chronic painmay be associated with activity in corticolimbic circuits (medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus). These regions have a relatively high concentration of cortisol receptors and are generally involved in fear learning and fear regulation. One direction for future research could therefore be to assess how these regions respond to visceral pain models and cortisol administration. The authors also found that hydrocortisone administration affected associative fear learning, in line with our hypothesis that cortisol might have impacted the functioning of corticolimbic fear learning circuits. However, the direction of the observed effects is a bit puzzling: cortisol reduced acquisition of conditioned fear, which is in apparent contradiction with the hypothesis that stress may contribute to pain chronicity. This intriguing result could be due to a stress-related deficit in associative learning, as suggested by the authors. Alternatively, those results could be due to inverted U-shape effects of stress on anticipatory fear: maybe higher or lower concentrations of cortisol might have facilitated fear conditioning. One direction for future research could therefore be to more systematically test the dosedependent effects of hydrocortisone by administering a wider range of doses. Moreover, a more comprehensive battery of quantitative sensory tests, including tests of conditioned pain modulation, temporal summation, and other pain modalities (pressure, electrical, etc.) could also provide a better overview of cortisol's effects on pain processing. Finally, studies looking at the effects of prolonged cortisol administration, or studying the Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. a Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, b Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, c Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain (AECRP), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, d Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada


in 15 of 22 (68%) strangles outbreaks 1 . Carriers may be the unwitting source of new outbreaks if mixed with susceptible horses. Endoscopy showed that the guttural pouch (GP), a diverticulum of the Eustachian tube, was the predominant site of colonisation in carriers but S. equi was sometimes not detected by culture of NP swabs for up to 3 months before nasal shedding resumed sporadically 2 . A more sensitive way of detecting S. equi on swabs from GP carriers was therefore required. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for swabs, because of its potential to detect dead as well as living bacteria was developed as a more sensitive test than culture for detecting carriers. Pr eliminary assessment of the PCR assay is presented.


Aim. To study the level of alexithymia and anxiety in adolescents depending on age and gender, to identify relationships.
Materials and methods. A survey of clinically healthy adolescents was carried out using the Toronto alexithymic scale (TAS-26) and the scale of situational and personal anxiety Ch.D. Spielberger – Yu. L. Khanin.
Results. Among practically healthy adolescents, over 60% have signs of alexithymia, and half of them are adolescents with a pronounced level of alexithymia. "Vulnerable" for alexithymia are adolescent girls, and by age - younger adolescents. For practically healthy students, the normal level of situational and personal anxiety is natural. With an increase in the symptoms of alexithymia, the presence of high situational and personal anxiety in adolescents is characteristic. A positive correlation was found between the level of alexithymia and the degree of situational (r=0.40; p<0.001; n=507) and personal (r=0.35; p<0.001; n=507) anxiety.
Conclusion. Dentification among adolescents of a group of individuals with a risk of developing alexithymia and the presence of signs of alexithymia, with an altered level of situational and personal anxiety, will allow for early prevention and necessary therapeutic interventions.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a safety climate scale for measuring the safety climate in the oil and gas industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The scale developed through conducting a literature review about the safety climate and constructing a question pool. The number of items was reduced to 51 after performing a screening process. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the scale's construct validity.

Findings
CFA loadings were statistically significant. All Cronbach's alpha (a) and composite reliability values support the construct reliability. The outcomes showed acceptable convergent and discriminant validity: AVEs showed acceptable values, and the square roots of AVE values showed higher values than the construct correlation values. Furthermore, all factor loadings exceeded 0.50, and the t-values were statistically significant. CFA loadings were statistically significant.

Originality/value
The safety climate measuring scale of 43-instrument items produced in this study is reliable and valid for the oil and gas industry.


Splicer ELECTRIC PIPES FOR BRIDGING UNINTERRUPTED wire between ROTATING PARTS relative to one another, particularly between STEERING WHEEL AND STEERING, which consists of a housing having a stator (1) having a conductive (2) output, which It be attached to the steering column and a rotor (3) MOBILE IN ROTATION WITH STEERING WHEEL SUPPLIED ALSO a conductive (4) OUTPUT LIMITING A annular space (5) surrounding the rotor, which is used for ALUD ASBESTOS A conductive tape (6) MULTIPLE LOOPS EMBRACES ROTOR, ENDING IN THE EXITS CONDUCTORAS (2, 4) in the stator (1) and / or rotor (3) of the casing are provided ALL OR PART OF A COATING (9, 10) of white plastic material. ROTOR (3) and stator (1) have SENDAS LUMBRERAS being COATING injected through louvers, forming radial ribs (11, 12), A COVERED LOOSE conductive tape (6) with their lower edges OSUPERIORES respectively.


It has been reported that hearing impairment in adults with developmental disabilities is a significant clinical concern. Although the literature primarily reports the incidence of hearing impairment in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) as opposed to adults with PDD, these reports indicate that rates of loss for this group are greater than in the general population. In this study, adults with PDD were age, gender, and IQ matched to adults with Developmental Disabilities but without PDD (NPDD). The rate of hearing loss in the NPDD group (53.3%) was significantly greater than the rate of loss in the PDD group (21.7%; p=0.001). Significant combined predictors of loss for the PDD group were presence of a psychiatric diagnosis, and suspected loss (p=0.002). These findings have implications for service provision to this specific sub-group of adults with developmental disabilities.


Ecological specialization is defined by the variety of environments species occupy. Identifying the mechanisms that influence specialization is critical to understand patterns of species coexistence and biodiversity. However, the functional attributes that result in specialization are still unknown. Similarly, there is contrasting evidence between the degree of specialization and the local abundance of species. We investigated whether specialist and generalist plant species (a) are associated with distinct functional profiles, using core plant functional traits and strategies, (b) show similar functional variation and (c) perform at the local scale.


This article, a slightly revised and updated version of a chapter written for an online bioethics teaching manual of the Canadian College of Physicians and Surgeons, discusses how conflicts of interest of individual medical researchers should be dealt with to promote the protection of the rights and well-being of human research participants and the integrity of medical research. The article starts with a hypothetical case, discusses the various issues raised by the case, particularly looking at it through the lens of recent guidance documents related to conflicts of interests, and suggests how these types of conflicts of interests hould be dealt with. The article also contains a set of recommended readings.


When severe accident occurs and progresses to the exvessel phase by reactor pressure vessel failure in light water reactors, the molten core material (corium) is relocated into the water-filled reactor cavity as a severe accident management measure. The assurance of the exvessel debris bed coolability is crucial since it is the preconditions of molten corium concrete interaction resulting in concrete floor erosion which threaten to the integrity of nuclear power plant containment. Therefore, to terminate severe accident progression ultimately, it is essential to supply sufficient coolant into the internally heat generating debris bed on the cavity floor. Because effectiveness of such coolant ingression into a debris bed is determined by the pressure gradient through porous debris bed, it is significant to investigate the pressure drop mechanisms and resulting coolability in the debris bed characterized by geometric parameters (porosity, diameter, morphology, size distribution of particles etc.). Thus, through the numerous researchers [1-8], various two-phase flow models were suggested based on the results of dryout heat flux and isothermal air/water flow experiments through porous media composed of monosized spherical particles. In regard to effects of particle morphology and/or the particle size distribution on the pressure gradients in particle beds, various modified Ergun constants (C1 and C2) and mean diameters (dsd and deq for non-spherical particle, dm, da, dl and dn for particle size distribution) were suggested and it was well organized in the studies [9, 10]. Nevertheless, there still exists uncertainty on irregular shaped particles with size distribution for the safety analysis of ex-vessel debris bed coolability. Therefore, the preliminary analysis is performed to investigate the uncertainty of pressure drop and dryout heat flux predicted by the existing two-phase flow models in beds composed of particles from TROI tests [11] before conducting the experiments. TROI tests are to investigate the prototypic corium-water interaction. Thus, the evaluation of coolability using debris characteristics resulted from TROI tests is extremely meaningful.


'Editors will be from elite schools, so I do not want to publish my work', Mashiro, the Manga artist, tells Takagi in the Japanese film Bakuman (2015). I heard about the issues of diversity in Japanese publishing whilst travelling to the UK from India, where I had been organising a discussion with Gaurav Somwanshi for the event 'Hatred in the Belly: Politics Behind the Appropriation of Dr Ambedkar's Writings' in Bangalore. Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is remembered as the architect of the Indian Constitution, and the chief emancipator of those who had been historically oppressed under the Hindu Caste System. He also pioneered the cause for women's equality through his 'Hindu Code Bill' when he was acting as the first Law Minister of independent India. In 1916, Dr Ambedkar was the first to present a comprehensive theory of the Caste System, titled 'Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development'. His undelivered speech, 'Annihilation of Caste', self-published in 1936, remains one of the most widely read texts in India to date. Despite Dr Ambedkar's cultural significance, his statues erected across all of India, he remains an ignored figure in universities and the media, where upper-caste Indian academics and journalists dominate. Our academic event therefore originated as a response to the ongoing dominance of upper castes in the Indian publishing and media industries. Throughout my career as a literary agent, I have witnessed how the privileges of caste, class, race and gender play a significant role in media and publishing, seriously affecting bibliodiversity. Only the privileged few attain literary celebrity. The situation is similar in the UK: in 2015, 4% of editorial staff were found to be from black and ethnic minority backgrounds, whereas 28.8% of the working population in London are from such backgrounds (Kean 2015). 'I always wanted to be a writer. A writer of science, like Carl Sagan. At last, this is the only letter I am getting to write' (Vemula 2016). This was part of the suicide note left by Rohit Vemula, a research scholar who was suspended from the Hyderabad Central University in India for his 'Ambedkar Student Association' (ASA) activities. Centuries of oppression inflicted through the upper-caste's cultural hegemony prevented an author from the Dalit community from achieving his ambition to become a writer. Upper-caste Hindu men, who form 8% of India's population, hold 71% of the top jobs in the national media, and this amounts to 85% if upper-caste women are also included. Among the upper castes, the Brahmins (traditionally the priestly class) have maintained their hold over the country's knowledge domain and continue to dominate journalism, the media and academia. In


With the energy source amount of exploitation and usage, the accelerating of energy consumption gross, source and environment can affect the energy system restrict affection are stronger. The energy source amount per person is lower. Primary energy storage and structure problem is standing out. Energy usage can pollute seriously. Chinese energy supply and demand problem is research key point. This paper researches Chinese energy supply and demand pattern system and evaluation methodology, gives out the inner and outer influencing elements. And evaluate Chinese energy supply and demand pattern from energy gross, structure, distribution and transportation. Give the energy supply synthesize radar comparison chart in certain time period. From the energy security, economy, clean and efficiency, analyze the benefit comparisons of Chinese energy supply and demand pattern. This energy supply and demand pattern model will give one certain theoretical analysis and practice reference.


An idea of transverse flux induction heating has been well known for more than sixty years. Some of its main principles were presented for instance by Russian physicist Volovgin (Muhlbauer, 2008). Many papers on the topic considering mainly theoretical aspects of the task were published in the last sixty years (Baker, 1950), (Jackson, 1972), (Barglik, 1992), (Muhlbauer et al, 1995), (Tudorache & Fireteanu, 1998), (Nacke et al, 2001), (Dughiero et al, 2003). Usage of transverse flux induction heating system have been effective in case of thin strips of the thickness comparable with the depth of electromagnetic field penetration δ . It makes it possible to obtain required parameters of the process like: uniformity of temperature distribution within the workpiece and big total energy efficiency at rather low frequencies of the field current (in many cases also for mains frequency f = 50 or 60 Hz) in comparison with more often used classical induction heaters working with longitudinal magnetic field. The chapter deals with continual transverse flux induction heating of thin non-ferrous metal strips. The three-dimensional model used for the analysis was based on a system of non-linear differential equations for coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields that were solved by numerical methods. Development of the mathematical modelling of transverse flux induction heating as well as the computations by means of professional software and supplementary user codes reach quite a high level. But there is still a problem with the accuracy of calculations that was associated mainly with reliability of existing mathematical and numerical models with respect to the physical reality. The reason consists in various simplifications accepted for shortening the time of calculations and level of knowledge of temperature dependent material properties as well as convection and radiation heat transfer coefficients for the particular task. So the best way for obtaining data necessary for an optimal design and construction of induction heaters seems to be a numerical analysis supported by well planned experiments. Illustrative examples of continual transverse flux induction heating were analyzed. Results of numerical simulation were presented and compared with measurement data taken from laboratory stands. Quite good accordance between calculations and measurements was achieved. An illustrative example demonstrates that one of the ways making possible to obtain an uniform temperature distribution along the width of the workpiece could be a proper selection of suitable frequency of the field current.


"Fukumidori" is a new clonal cultivar suitable for green tea.It was bred at Saitama Prefectural Tea Experiment Station, and was registered in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as a superior cultivar, "Cha Norin No.36", in June 1986. "Fukumidori" was selected from the hybrids between "Yabukita" and "23F1-107" ("Sayamamidori" × "Yabukita").Its pedigree is illustrated as follows.Its vegetative propagation is very easy because of its good rooting ability. And it shows vigorous growth and consistently high yielding from a young plant.As to the cold hardiness in winter, it is very hardy and more resistant than "Yabukita" (the leading cultivar in Japan).Its bud opening time is medium and the plucking time of it is about one day later than that of "Yabukita".Its cup quality of the cultivar is very excellent, particularly in color of liquor and taste of the first crop.Therefore, "Fukumidori" is adapted to the northern areas of green tea production in Japan, such as Saitama and Ibaragi prefectures.


Let ξ(t) be a solution of the one‐dimensional, time‐dependent Ito stochastic differential equation with initial condition ξ(0) = x0, where α ≤xo ≤β. In this paper an estimate of the probability that ξ(t) hits the boundary 'x = β' before it hits the point 'x = α' has been derived.


Pitman and Walker recently reported on a study aimed at identifying the features of a typical radiological case report. Here I review 10 years of radiation oncology case reports published in Australasian Radiology between 1998 and 2007. Each report was classified according to several characteristics. For all case reports, the number, and of authors, their affiliations, qualifications and the first author's country of origin recorded. The numbers of patients described was noted – reports with more than three patients were excluded. The condition being described was classified as benign or malignant. Each report describing the treatment of a malignant condition was categorized as reporting either a (new) technique, a complication (or risk of complication), an unusual condition, an unusual natural history or concerns about staging/restaging investigations. The number of references cited in each paper was recorded. Google scholar (http://scholar.google.com.au/) was used to determine journal citations (with abstracts in English) for each case report published at least 12 months earlier. Forty-nine case reports were identified – most reported on a single patient, nine on two patients and four on three patients. The mean number of authors was 3.9 (median 4) with range of 1–9. In 39 papers, the listed authors included individuals from disciplines other that radiation oncology. Pathologists were coauthors for 11 reports, surgeons for 11, medical oncologists or other specialist physicians in 9, radiologists or nuclear physicians in 9, radiation therapists in 8, physicists in 6 and medical scientists in 4 reports. Eleven of the radiation oncology firstauthors from Australia had not yet obtained their FRANZCR. Australia was the leading country of origin (78%), followed by India (10%), Singapore (4%), then one report (2%) each from the UK, Canada, USA and Malaysia. Five reports described the use of radiotherapy for benign conditions. Twelve described uncommon conditions. Eleven described unusual presentations or unusual natural histories. Eight described novel radiotherapy techniques or technical innovations. Ten described complications of radiotherapy or the process (e.g. adverse effects from tattooing) or efforts to avoid side-effects of radiotherapy. Three described potential misleading restaging investigations (e.g. amyloidosis simulating metastases). Of the reports describing uncommon conditions this was lymphoma in four reports, sarcoma in two, and plasmacytoma, glioma, seminoma, small cell cancer, adenocarcinoma, or squamous cell cancer in one each. Of those reports describing unusual presentations or natural histories, in four cases the patients presented with metastases, five has unusual patterns of spread, one reported on hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy and one described an usually indolent course. Of the reports describing novel techniques, this was intensity-modulated radiation therapy in three cases. The average number of references cited in each paper was 15.9 (median 14, range 5–46). Google scholar showed 44 citations for the 39 publications published between 1998 and 2006 (mean 1.1, range 0–6). So, a wide range of area of radiotherapy practice was represented in the case reports. The findings regarding authorship suggest Radiation Oncology case reports reflect (and may facilitate) a multidisciplinary approach. The average citation rate shows other investigators find the case reports of note. Scientific writing requires skills that may require development for many, and case reports may be useful training for more complex reports – just less than one-fourths of the first authors of one quarter case reports were doctors in training.


In a recent article in the Journal of Criminal Law, 1 Jeremy Horder argues in favour of a new defence of mercy killing to a charge of aiding and abetting suicide. He suggests that "[i]f there is no reason to stigmatise as criminal reasonable actions motivated by fear or serious violence or understandable rage, then the same should be true of reasonable actions motivated by understandable compassion.'? The purpose of this paper is to show that Horder's conclusion is reached on the basis of some questionable assumptions about the role of motives in the substantive criminal law. To the extent that Horder favours a complete defence of mercy-killing to the offence of aiding and abetting suicide, the argument does not succeed; to the extent that the weaker claim holds, i.e. that emotions may in some circumstances overwhelm a person and that provision should be made for reduction of sentences of those who act in a profound state of anxiety, there is no reason to suppose that we should accept Horder's conclusion. Recent trends in the House of Lords demonstrate a shift away from new defences to crimes committed intentionally. Most recent expressions of this may be seen in Howe' and may be observed generally in a series of decisions of the House of Lords after Moloney:" In England a specially enacted offence provides for reduced penalties in cases of aiding and abetting another's suicides In Beecham's case" the accused assisted his daughter to commit suicide by connecting a hose from the exhaust of her car to its


Many of the bridges in cities built on the river are subject to deterioration as their lifetime is expired but they are still in use. They are dangerous to bridge users. Due to heavy load of vehicles, high water level or pressure, heavy rains these bridges may get collapse which in turn leads to disaster. So, these bridges require continuous monitoring. So we are proposing a system which consists of a weight sensor, water level point contact sensor, Wi-Fi module, Arduino microcontroller. This system detects the load of vehicles, water level, and pressure. If the water level, water pressure and vehicle load on the bridge cross its threshold value then it generates the alert through buzzer and auto barrier. If it is necessary, then the admin assign the task to the employees for maintenance.


In this paper we presented some differences on mineral mining phases: Hajvali Badovc Kizhnica, and Artana mine. From our study, the four mines have high values of iron (Fe) content in sfalerite: Badovc 9.43% Fe; Hajvali 10.24% Fe; Përroi i ngjyrosur (Artana) 10.61% Fe; and about 13% Fe for Kizhnica mine. Low content of bismuth in sphalerite: Hajvali (0.03% Bi), Përroi i ngjyrosur–Artana (0.04% Bi), Kizhnica (0.06% Bi), and Badovc deposit < 0.01% Bi. The silver (Ag) contents in sphalerite of these deposits are very low: Hajvali and Badovc mines 0.015% Ag respectively 0.01% Ag. In two other mines Ag-content in sphalerite is very-very low or almost absent in sfalerit. Pyrites of these deposits characterized by low arsenic (As) content, except Badovc where its value amounts to 1.3%. Whereas regarding the silver (Ag) content in pyrites: the higher its content are found in Përroi i ngjyrosur-Artana mine (0.03% Ag), then Kizhnica (0.02% Ag), Hajvali (0.01% Ag), and almost missing in mine Badovc. Galena of all the mining containing antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and silver (Ag). Generally characterized by low values of Sb and Bi, although the Bi contents are higher compared to those of Sb, and with antimony leads them Artana mines (0.09% Sb). Galena of the Hajvalia mine contains more silver (> 100g/t Ag), than other mines (which are very poor with silver).