This article focuses on the control center of each human body: the brain. We will point out the pivotal role of the cerebral vasculature and how its complex mechanisms may vary between subjects. We then emphasize a specific acute pathological state, i.e., acute ischemic stroke, and show how medical imaging and its analysis can be used to define the treatment. We show how the core-penumbra concept is used in practice using mismatch criteria and how machine learning can be used to make predictions of the final infarct, either via deconvolution or convolutional neural networks.


Forest management planning in Finland is currently adopting a new-generation forest inventory method, which is based on interpretation of airborne laser scanning data and digital aerial images. The inventory method is based on a systematic grid, where the grid elements serve as inventory units, for which the laser and aerial image data are extracted and the forest variables estimated. As an alternative or a complement to the grid elements, image segments can be used as inventory units. The image segments are particularly useful as the basis for generation of the silvicultural treatment and cutting units since their boundaries should follow the actual stand borders, whereas when using grid elements it is typical that some of them cover parts of several forest stands. The proportion of the so-called mixed cells depends on the size of the grid elements and the average size and shape of the stands. In this study, we carried out automatic segmentation of two study areas on the basis of laser and aerial image data with a view to delineating micro-stands that are homogeneous in relation to their forest attributes. Further, we extracted laser and aerial image features for both systematic grid elements and segments. For both units, the feature set used for estimating the forest attributes was selected by means of a genetic algorithm. Of the features selected, the majority (61–79%) were based on the airborne laser scanning data. Despite the theoretical advantages of the image segments, the laser and aerial features extracted from grid elements seem to work better than features extracted from image segments in estimation of forest attributes. We conclude that estimation should be carried out at grid level with an area-specific combination of features and estimates for image segments to be derived on the basis of the grid-level estimates.


Because the reporting function of VB is limited, when the report for mat is changed, the corresponding program must be modified, and VB and Excel bel ong to different application system respectively. In the light of these problems , this paper probes into the method for realizing the seamless linkage of VB and Excel, and makes explanation by using the actual examples.


Server-side rendering capability is required for the visualization of a huge scalc 3-D structural analysis、whose degrees of freedom may cxcocd 100 million degrees of freedom. Wg developed an off-line visualizcr running on the Earth Simulator. It is vcctori'zed and parallelized on the ES. Here in this paper, wg focus on our polygon rendering algorithm using a look-up tabic approach, which is required for i】nage generation of surfacc scalar contour and deformation plots of our off-line visualizcr


We consider one prominent example for an active biological fluid, namely the cytoplasm of the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum. We model the cytoskeleton as a solid matrix that together with the cytosol as interstitial fluid constitutes an active poroelastic material and reproduce a large variety of experimentally observed mechanochemical wave forms, e. g. spirals, turbulence, target waves.


In general, higher occupational statuses, incomes, and educational levels for husbands; husband-wife similarities in socio-economic status, age, and religion; affectional rewards, such as esteem for spouse, sexual enjoyment, companionship; and age at marriage had all been delineated as variables correlated positively with marital happiness. Non-whites have different and essentially less happy marriages. It should be noted, of course, that at best these variables accounted for less than one-third of the variance in marital happiness. [Hicks and Platt, 1971: 555] ]


ABSTRACT Based on the observations that researchers do in the semester of January-June 2015/2016, researchers found the phenomenon that the level of discipline of teachers in collecting learning tools is still low. This is evident from the time the researcher asked the teacher to collect learning tools there are still many teachers who did not collect the requested learning tools. There are also teachers who are in a hurry to prepare learning tools when the principal or supervisor will supervise the class. Of the six class teachers, if averaged, only 60%, teachers who complement the learning tools either in the form of syllabus, SK / KD, RPP, prota promes and teaching materials. Meanwhile, 40% of teachers did not collect. This study is a school action research. The research procedures in this study include planning, action, obeservation and reflection. This study consists of two cycles with four meetings. The research subjects consisted of 6 teachers of SDN 29 Sungai Limau class who were research class teachers. The data were collected using obeservation sheets. Data were analyzed using percentages. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the application of reward and punishment system can improve teacher's discipline in collecting learning tools. This is evidenced from before applied rewards and punishment, the percentage of teachers who collect learning tools is only 66.67% with that collects on time only amounted to 22.81%. After applied reward and punishment system, then in cycle I, teacher collecting learning device become 79,65% with percentage which collect on time is 35,79%. After cycle II, the percentage of teachers who collected learning tools became 97.54% with the percentage of teachers who collected on time was 81.05%. Keywords: Discipline, Learning Device, Reward and Punishment


The authors discuss research into how formal description techniques (FDTs) can be used both to support the complete design trajectory, including implementation and product testing, and to represent effectively the design concepts of the complete design trajectory for specification, at a high level of abstraction, of distributed systems. The discussion covers a number of such research activities conducted within the framework of the ESPRIT II project 2304, LOTOSPHERE. The topics covered include: aspects of design methodology, correctness-preserving transformation, the reflection of design criteria, the role of predefined specification and implementation constructs, and formal approaches to conformance testing. Some insight is given into the development of a comprehensive tool set that supports these aspects of design methodology. In conclusion, data obtained from the application of these methods and tools to some realistic pilot implementations are provided.<<ETX>>


The embodiment of the invention provides a box pairing method for a display panel, relates to the technical field of display, and can solve the problem that the non-transparent metal line and metal block enable the frame sealing glue to be low in reaction rate in ultraviolet light polymerization in the prior art. The display panel provided with the box pairing method comprises a first substrate and a second substrate, the box pairing method comprises the following steps: frame sealing glue is formed on the perimeter zone of the first substrate; liquid crystal is formed on the second substrate; solidification processing is conducted to the frame sealing glue; the first substrate and the second substrate are paired before the frame sealing glue is hardened, so as to enable one side of the first substrate formed with frame sealing glue to be corresponded with one side of the second substrate formed with liquid crystal.


List of illustrations Acknowledgements Note on the Transliteration Abbreviations Note on Style Introduction Part 1: The Coming of the Revolution 1896-1906 1. Political, Economic and Social Change 2. Islam, Secularism and Modernisation 3. Tabriz: the Politics and Economics of a North-Western City 4. Reform in Shiraz: the People, Qavam al-Mulk, the State and the Tribes. 5. Isfahan: The Religious Elite and Zill al-Sultan 6. Development and Reform in the South: Bushehr and the Rise of Mu'in al-Tujjar Part II: The Period of the First Majlis 1906-07 7. Constitutional Development, Local Government, and the Role of Islam 1906-07 8. Tabriz: Islam, Radicalisation and Class Struggle 9. Shiraz: The Elite Struggle, Islam and Popular Politics 10. Isfahan: Haj Aqa Nurallah and the Emergence of Islamism in Isfahan 1907-1908 11. Bushehr: Commercial Pragmatism and the Growth of Islamic Activism Conclusion Glossary Notes Bibliography Index


Abstract A new polymorph of the copper(II) thiocyanate complex with 2-dimethylaminoethanol, [Cu2(Me2Ea)2(NCS)2]∞ (HMe2Ea = 2-dimethylaminoethanol, HL) 1, was isolated in the attempted synthesis of a mixed-metal complex from zerovalent copper, cadmium oxide and ammonium thiocyanate in CH3CN solution of HL in air. [Cu2(Me2Ea)2(NCS)2(DMSO)2] 2 is a product of recrystallization of 1 from DMSO. X-ray analysis carried out on single crystals for both compounds revealed that 1 is a rare example of a 1D coordination polymer consisting of two chains in which the metallic centres are connected through single end-to-end NCS groups. The chains are inter-linked through alkoxo-bridges of L groups between the neighboring copper atoms. Complex 2 is a centrosymmetric dimer composed of two CuL(NCS)DMSO units linked by alkoxo-bridges of L groups.


This review deals with the subject of anticarcinogenic and radiation protective activity of the soybean Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor, on the basis of introducing its molecular structure and physiological characteristics. As a chemopreventive agent for human cancer, BBI has risen to the human trial stage. Some of its conjugates have been developed which showed higher therapeutic efficacy.


Sustainability of the economy depends on the reduction of the environmental footprint of the supply and demand as economy relies on the production enabled by natural resources. The construction industry is one of the major industries influencing sustainable and social development. The construction industry and the built environment, however, have important environmental footprints. Therefore, the demand and supply sides in the construction industry must be transformed into more sustainable ones. Furthermore, the principles and emerging concepts of sustainable and innovative economy need to be adopted by the construction industry. Based on an in-depth literature review, this chapter focuses on the integration and impacts of the emerging concepts for the sustainable and innovative economy in the construction industry. This chapter is expected to be useful for academics, graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, policymakers, and construction industry professionals.


Driving the pseudocapacitive redox intercalation in 2DMXenes with neutral electrolytes is important for safer, more sustainable, and improved electrochemical charge storage. Single transition metal MXenes, such as Ti3C2, have shown great promise for energy storage, owing to their high conductivity and redox activity. Mixed metallic MXenes, such as out‐of‐plane ordered Mo2Ti2C3, have remained underexplored in energy storage because of the absence of redox activity in most of the electrolytes. Simultaneous structural modifications and instigating intercalation pseudocapacitance in neutral electrolytes could be a viable strategy for enhancing their electrochemical properties. Herein, a facile synthesis of partially oxidized Mo2Ti2C3 MXene (PO‐Mo2Ti2C3) exhibiting improved charge storage capability is demonstrated. Optical, structural, and spectroscopic analyses indicate the formation of oxide nanostructures upon thermal oxidation of Mo2Ti2C3 . This leads to an enhanced energy storage capability with remarkably improved cyclability as well as a high Coulombic efficiency in a neutral LiCl electrolyte. This work highlights the importance of structural modifications of MXenes to enhance their charge storage and shows the promise of less explored double transition metal MXenes in energy storage.


Photoacoustic spectroscopy and photothermal spectroscopy are two common methods to probe aerosol particle absorption coefficients and can be performed both on aerosol ensembles and on the single particle level. With photothermal spectroscopy typically changes in the particle's light scattering pattern upon heating or cooling are observed with photo-diodes or cameras. In photoacoustic spectroscopy, the acoustic response to periodic light absorption is recorded e.g. with a microphone. Although both methods are closely related through their excitation process, the detection pathways are quintessentially different. In our single particle optical trapping setup, however, we observe a previously unnoticeable, unidirectional coupling between modulated Mie scattering (result of the photothermal effect) and photoacoustic spectroscopy. The coupling manifests itself via differently shaped, sudden features in the acoustic signal. Our analysis suggests a non-trivial interaction between light scattering of single, optically trapped particles and the photoacoustic signal generation based on interactions of light with the acoustic resonator's walls. Measurements over several trapping powers and photoacoustic excitation powers support this conclusion. How the coupling manifests itself, such as shape and strength, can be conclusively explained by the structure of the particle's momentary phase function (scattering intensity) calculated by classical Mie theory. This allows us to formulate conditions to either utilise or minimise the coupling effects in future experiments.


Experimental data on cadmium (II) and nickel (II) ion sorption on deactivated protonated yeast over a wide range of sorbent and initial metal concentrations, were analyzed by an equilibrium model based on a thermodynamics approach. Model describes relationships between the equilibrium concentration of metal, metal sorption per unit biomass dosage and concentration of sorbent and initial metal concentrations at constant pH and temperature. It is not found possible to reasonably fit the sorption data for cadmium (II) and nickel (II) ion on deactivated protonated yeast, to a unique isotherm curve when both initial metal ion concentration and biomass concentration are varied at a particular pH. Model fits the data well for the sorption of nickel (II) ion onto deactivated protonated yeast at pH 6.75. However, model could be applied only for a given substrate concentration for sorption of cadmium (II) ion onto sodium form of deactivated protonated yeast at pH 6.5.


Hydrogen sulfide( H2S),an important signal molecular in plants,can alleviate the toxicity of metal stress to crops. In this study,the effects of H2 S donor Na HS alleviating Al Cl3-induced stress were conducted in the leaves of rice seedlings. We examined the metabolic responses of rice seedlings to aluminum stress focusing on reactive oxygen species( ROS) metabolism including superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. The observed enzyme activities were higher in aluminum-stressed seedlings than in control plants,Na HS decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase,and the contents of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. Taken together these results suggest that H2 S could regulate antioxidant system in rice seedlings leading to the alleviation of iluminum stress.


Objective:To investigate the influence of zoledronic acid on bone metabolism in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.To explore the effect of zoledronic in early intervention bone metabolism disorders and suppression of bone metastasis.Methods: Total of 85 post surgery patients with postmenopausal breast cancer received conventional chemotherapy for six cycles.Control group: 28 cases received Chinese medicine treatment.Letrozole group: 30 patients after chemotherapy continued taking Letrozole 2.5mg/d.Letrozole+zoledronic sodium group: In addition to taking Letrozole 2.5mg/d,27 cases after chemotherapy used zoledronic 4mg+Sodium Chloride injection 100ml,intravenous drip 15min,every 4 weeks for a course.After treatment for 6 months,the three groups of breast cancer patients' bone mineral density(BMD)from dual-energy X ray examination on lumbar and femur,whole-body bone imaging from SPECT,alkaline phosphatase(ALP) serum calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P) and E2 were compared.Results: It was significantly lower(P0.05) in BMD,E2,serum Ca and P in Letrozole group compared with control group,however,ALP was significantly high(P0.05);There were significant increase of lumbar,femoral MBD,serum Ca,P were observed in patients of Letrozole+zoledronic acid group compared with letrozole group,additionally ALP was lower(P0.05) and E2 no significant change(P0.05);We also found ALP,E2 were significantly decreased,BMD was significant higher(P0.05)and serum Ca,P no significant changes(P 0.05)in patients of Letrozole+zoledronic acid group compared with the control.Compared with control group zoledronic sodium group significantly reduced the incidence of bone metastasis(P0.05).Conclusion: Zoledronic acid has great value in early intervention Letrozole treatment-induced bone metabolism disorders and suppression of bone metastasis.


Heats of formation for nine small silicon-containing molecules were obtained from large basis set ab initio calculations using coupled cluster theory with a perturbative treatment of triple excitations. After adjusting the atomization energies for the finite basis set truncation error, core/valence correlation, scalar relativistic, higher order correlation, and atomic spin-orbit effects, the theoretical and experimental 0 K values of {Delta}H{sub f} values were in good agreement. Using 106.6 kcal/mol as the heat of formation of silicon, the authors obtain {Delta}H{sub f} values of SiH = 87.7 {+-} 0.4 vs 89.5 {+-} 0.7 (expt); SiH{sub 2}({sup 1}A{sub 1}) = 64.1 {+-} 0.4 vs 65.5 {+-} 0.7 (expt); SiH{sub 2}({sup 3}B{sub 1}{minus})= 85.4 {+-} 0.4 vs 86.5 {+-} 0.7 (expt); SiH{sub 3} = 47.3 {+-} 0.5 vs 47.7 {+-} 1.2 (expt); SiH{sub 4} = 8.7 {+-} 0.6 vs 9.5 {+-} 0.5 (expt); Si{sub 2} = 138.8 {+-} 0.4 vs 139.2 (expt); Si{sub 2}H{sub 6} = 19.7 {+-} 0.5 vs 20.9 {+-} 0.3 (expt); SiF = {minus}14.8 {+-} 0.4 vs {minus}5.2 {+-} 3 (expt); SiF{sub 2} = {minus}151.7 {+-} 0.5 vs {minus}140.3 {+-} 3 (expt); and SiF{sub 4} = {minus}384.5 {+-} 0.9 vs {minus}384.9 {+-} 0.2 (expt). Based on the present work, themore » authors suggest a number of revisions in the interpretation of the experimental data. Although a revision in {Delta}H{sub f}{degree}(Si) to 107.4 {+-} 0.6 kcal/mol at 0 K leads to improved agreement between theory and experiment for the SI{sub x}H{sub y} compounds, it worsens agreement for SiF{sub 4}. Given the remaining uncertainties in the theoretical approach, more definitive conclusions do not appear to be warranted.« less


The initial training of primary teacher for the educative attention at the diversity of students in the context of educative inclusion constitutes a necessity to achieve a professional with ways of acting coherent with the social demands. This paper aims to present the results of the study carried out on the current state of the initial training of primary teacher to the educative attention for deaf students with cochlear implant, of the primary teacher in the Bachelor's Degree in Primary Education, University of Pinar del Rio. We used methods such as historical and logical analysis, contents analysis, observation to classes, inquiry to primary schoolteacher and training, interview teachers and teacher pedagogic proof training, which allowed us to verify the current state of the process of formation in the initial training of the primary teacher. The search for information on the subject showed  that it has been little approached the initial training of primary teacher to the educative attention for deaf students with cochlear implant, in correspondence with the pedagogic professional problem. In the development of the programs of the discipline of General Pedagogy Formation and the course Element of Especial Pedagogy, it has not been possible for the teachers in formation to appropriate knowledge's, skills, values and attitudes to offer the educative attention for deaf students with cochlear implant.


The aim of this article was to present the results of a preliminary study on the stress distribution in the lumbar intervertebral disc [IVD] under loads induced during daily activities. Basic anatomy, biomechanical analysis of the vertebra and intervertebral disc were introduced. The third and fourth lumbar vertebrae were chosen for the study because they carry considerably higher loads, especially while standing or sitting. The static mechanical analyses using the finite element method (FEM) were conducted for four standard loads reflecting patient's positions: recumbent, standing, sitting and standing with additional loads, and three models: an intervertebral disc with an inner nucleus pulposus and two prosthetic intervertebral discs, with or without an artificial nucleus. The FEM analysis was performed in the SolidWorks Simulation module on reverse-engineered 3D models of vertebrae and the intervertebral disc, based on a series of computed tomography [CT] scans of the patient's spine, which had been properly processed in Materialise Mimics software and exported to CAD files. The model of the fourth intervertebral disc, placed between third and fourth vertebra, had been additionally modified to include its inner core, the nucleus pulposus.


Resource-constrained mobile devices pose a challenge to the design of security mechanisms. Existing host-based malware detection solutions are often resource-intensive. We present a decentralized and resource-aware malware detection architecture for mobile devices. Our approach leverages two key ideas: social collaboration and the concept of a hot set. The hot set concept states that not all malware signatures are equally important. At any given time, some signatures (the hot set) are more likely to be matched than the others. We leverage this concept by only keeping the hot set of signatures in the main memory of a mobile device, and distributing the whole signature database among devices belonging to the social group of the device owner. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by implementing a proof-of-concept (Social-AV) based on an open source anti-malware software, Clam AV. Experiments show that Social-AV reduces the memory consumption to about 55% of the amount consumed by Clam AV, while retaining the same detection capability.


For more than 2 decades, extensive research has been done in the field of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) due to their low cost, easy preparation methodology, less toxicity, and ease of production. In this work, the performance of DSSCs containing different particle sizes is studied. N2-doped TiO2 was prepared by the sol-gel method, controlling the particle size through the addition of different H2O/Ti mole ratios R = 0, 20, 30, and 40. The dried samples at 100°C were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Optical Properties, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, N2-Adsorption-Desorption Isotherm, Raman Spectroscopy, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). DLS results show that the size of TiO2 decreases as the H2O/TiO2 content increases from 0 to 40. It is found that TiO2 nanoparticles with smaller particle size distribution has the lowest conversion efficiency of 0.95% with H2O/Ti ratio = 40, and the photoelectrode with higher size has a conversion efficiency of 1.59% for the water-free sample. This could be explained as the larger particles have better dye adsorption, indicating that it has an effective surface area for greater photon absorption and electron-hole generation. The results also indicate that trimodal distribution with larger size also absorbs different wavelengths due to the broad distribution of the particle size.


The articles in this issue speak to a broad spectrum of topics in Reformation history and theology and reveal the potential pitfalls of applying labels or categories to Reformation movements. They show that even established confessional identities such as Reformed, Lutheran or Anabaptist were not always stable and that there could be considerable overlap and cross-fertilisation between them. This is particularly true of the early stages of the Reformation when different intellectual and theological currents were vying for attention, or at moments of crisis when new configurations of political and confessional alliances could quickly emerge. Two of the articles in this issue are also reminders of the importance of music in the Reformation, and the role the singing of hymns and Psalms had in expressing vernacular theology or promoting affective piety. This issue also serves as a reminder that the Reformation should not just be confined to European boundaries, as is so often the case. Rather the Reformation was a global event and its legacy continues to shape many nations. The Chinese appropriation of Martin Luther is an important case in point and one which will surely be new to many readers of this journal. Finally, we are also pleased to have a selection of book reviews in this issue, for which I am very grateful to our book reviews editor Dr Jon Balserak. As ever, thanks are also due to the whole production team at Taylor & Francis. The first article by Byunghoon Kang explores the connection between irenicism and confessional politics in the sixteenth-century Netherlands. Focussing on Guy de Brès, the celebrated author of the Belgic Confession, it looks at the failed attempt to broker an alliance between Dutch Reformed and Lutherans in support of the Prince of Orange. Evidence from a little-known 1565 letter between de Brès and the Consistory of Antwerp suggests that he proposed the 1536 Wittenberg Concord drawn up between Martin Bucer and Philip Melanchthon as a way of reconciling differences between the Reformed and Lutherans. However, to avoid compromising his own Reformed convictions, de Brès insisted that this should be interpreted according to Bucer's own gloss which denied explicitly that unbelievers could participate in the Lord's Supper. Although initially promising, de Brès' proposal foundered due not only to the changing political circumstances but also to theological opposition from the leading Reformed theologian Theodore Beza. While only a brief episode soon to be forgotten in the tumult of the Dutch Revolt, Kang demonstrates that de Brès' proposal had a definite importance, revealing both the political significance of early modern irenicism and the difficulties of implementing it in an increasingly polarised confessional and theological culture. Ulrich Wien presents a view of an early Reformation hymnal in Transylvania compiled by Andreas Moldner for the town of Kronstadt. Contesting recent scholarship on the Transylvanian Reformation, Wien argues that Moldner's hymnal demonstrates the distinctiveness of Kronstadt reform and suggests that it cannot be simply subsumed into the wider Lutheran Reformation. According to Wien, Moldner's choice of hymns reveals little appetite for Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone and instead reflects the ethical imperative of Kronstadt's humanist reformers. Even more significantly the appropriation of hymns from both the Anabaptists and the Bohemian Brethren also suggests links to more radical and mystical lines of reform. Assessing the overall evidence from Moldner's hymnal, Wien


China was the second country in the Buddhist world to have a Communist government. The first was Mongolia. But Mongolia was isolated both geographically and by its form of Buddhism (shared only with Tibet). Chinese Buddhists, on the other hand, had been building closer ties with their brethren in South-East Asia for more than half a century. Their form of Buddhism was less remote from South-East Asian forms and they felt the same need as South-East Asian to fit Buddhism into a national revival.


Summary Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) affects approximately one-fifth of women during their lifetime in China. However, limited studies have been conducted in China among women and service providers on IPV. The study reported in this article used an Ecological Model and the Capabilities Perspective integrated with the Advocacy Intervention Model as the theoretical framework for guiding the research and data analysis. This study was part of a participatory project to develop appropriate social work interventions in Guangzhou, China. Findings Twenty-one women who experienced IPV and 30 service providers were interviewed for their views on barriers to help-seeking processes, needs and concerns of this population, and recommendations for any changes. The results of this study clearly suggest that gender inequality is the root cause of IPV against women and prevents women from leaving a violent relationship. Applications The results suggest a number of needed changes at micro, meso, exo, and macro levels and the ways in which social workers can act as advocates for the changes in the context of Guangzhou.


This paper proposes the design of an optimized dual UPFC controller for damping power system oscillations, where modulation index of series converter and phase angle of shunt converter voltage are controlled simultaneously. The dual damping controller parameters are optimized by a recently reported metaheuristic optimization technique known as Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). This is a simple technique which can effectively optimise all the six parameters of the controller. The effectiveness of this proposed optimized dual controller is compared with PSO optimized dual controller and single independent GWO and PSO optimized controllers. The dynamic responses of speed deviation for all the controllers are considered for a step change in mechanical input power considering a single machine infinite bus system. Eigen value analysis of the system are performed and it has been observed that the performance of proposed optimised dual controller is much better in damping of low frequency oscillations as compared to others in terms of settling time, peaks of oscillations and convergence rate, thus enhancing dynamic stability to a large extent.


There are almost three kinds of policies on informal sectors in the foreign developing countries:encouraging,restricting and guiding.The policies on the informal sectors in Chinese cities are distinctly Chinese characteristics except for the HK's classified and canonical regulation,e.g.Shanghai's "informal labor organization" for the laid-off workers and Shenzhen's "clearing up the informal sectors".There exist a little bit problems in the process of implementation in all above cities.Therefore,it is necessary to survey and consider over again not only from the point view of the informal sector,but also of the urban planning and urban village transformation.


SUMMARY Thedistribution ofobstructions exceeding 30%ofthenormaldiameter ofthelumen ofone or more major coronaryarteries was studied in627of1,000 patients whohad selective cinecoronary arteriograms. An additional 99patients hadlesser degrees of narrowing, andinthearteriograms of274patients, normal arteries were demonstrated. Anaverageof2.0lesions resulting inatleast 50%luminal narrowing ofmajorarteries was found per patient. Theanterior descending coronaryartery was involved slightly more frequently than were othervessels. Morethan75%ofthesymptomatic patients had90%or more obstruction ofatleast one vessel, andmore than50%hadtotal occlusions ofone or more vessels. A single major artery was thesite ofobstruction exceeding30%oftheluminal diameter in131patients (20.9% ofthe627patients), andin43 ofthese (6.9%) theother arteries appeared tobeentirely normal. Severe involvement ofsingle arteries was mostfrequent inpatients whohadmyocardial infarction without angina pectoris or inthose who hadrestpainonly. No pattern ofarterial involvement was pathognomonic ofa clinical syndrome.


Tests were conducted at altitudes of 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 feet at speeds of Mach 0.4, 0.6, and O.8. It was found that the sound pressure levels on the aft fuselage of a jet aircraft in flight can be estimated using an equation involving the true airspeed and the free air density. The cross-correlation coefficient over a spacing of 2.5 feet was generalized with Strouhal number. The spectrum of the noise in flight is comparatively flat up to 10,000 cycles per second.


Different theories and concepts that cover the inclusion of emotional experiences in the emergence and course of psychosomatic diseases are analyzed. The common and distinctive features in scientific and practical approaches revealing the nature of psychosomatic diseases are revealed. Also, the causes of the occurrence of psychosomatic diseases at different stages of life, with an appeal to the early, unconscious experience, are considered. The causative, derivative and accompanying phenomena, which are in the continuum of psychosomatic diseases (alexithymia, stress-induced, depressive, conversion).


The change in the electronic absorption and emission energy of 7-aminocoumarin derivatives in binary solvent mixtures has been studied. The electronic transition energy along with the Stokes' shift is correlated with the orientation polarizability of the solvent as well as the empirical solvent polarity parameters E T (30). It is observed that the emission peak shift traces the change of E T (30) value very closely in binary solvent mixtures. The emission transition more strongly depends on the solvent polarity than the absorption, which indicates the dipole moment gets larger on excitation. From the dependence of the Stokes' shift of 7-aminocoumarins with the solvent polarity parameters and the ground state dipole moment obtained by the semi-empirical calculations, the excited state dipole moment was estimated. The fluorescence lifetime change of 7-aminocoumarins in binary solvent mixtures was measured and the results are explained in terms of molecular conformation and solvent polarity. The study indicates the empirical solvent polarity E T (30) is a good measure of microscopic solvent polarity and it probes in general the non-specific solvent interactions.


Three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with high, intermediate and low phosphorus (P) efficiency were grown in a pot experiment with low P supply and adequate P supply either inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme or uninoculated. The mycorrhizal dependency of the genotype with relatively high P efficiency was lower than that of the genotypes with lower P efficiencies. Linear correlation analysis revealed that mycorrhizal dependency was primarily controlled by P uptake efficiency. More carbohydrate was translocated to the roots of genotypes with low P efficiency than of those with high P efficiency. In a second pot experiment the same three genotypes were grown in low P soils. Higher hyphal length density arising from carbohydrate translocation led to more P uptake, and this may account for higher mycorrhizal dependency.


We investigated the effects of a 40 min bout of bicycle exercise, and the
 effects of vitamin C administration 12 h before exercise, on the serum
 markers of oxidative stress in young untrained subjects. Increased levels of
 malondialdehyde, the marker of the lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in
 specific activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase that were
 observed as a result of exercise, pointed to the presence of exercise-induced
 oxidative stress. These markers were reduced by pre-administration of vitamin
 C. The results suggest that physically active subjects could increase their
 daily dietary vitamin C intake in order to reinforce their antioxidant
 defenses prior to exercise training.


(73) Assignee: Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Taipei (TW) The invention designs the segmented short-arc VMAT plan, (21) Appl. No.: 13/364,014 modified from the original long-arc VMAT, to fit the breath hold interval. The modified VMAT of the invention has the (22) Filed: Feb. 1, 2012 advantages of its applicability to different planning systems for variously long arcs and its preprogrammed arc segmenta Publication Classification tion for Summated dose consistency. Using segmented short arc modification from the original long-arc VMAT plan is (51) Int. Cl. accurate for dose planning and delivery, as well as tolerable A6IN 5/00 (2006.01) for breath-hold VMAT.


Bilirubin is normally eliminated via conjugation with glucuronic acid, which is catalyzed by hepatic microsomal bil irubin-UDPglucuronosyltransferase (BR-UDPGT), followed by biliary excretion of the glucuronides. This pathway is not operative in jaundiced infants with the Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I (CNS-I) due to a defective BR-UDPGT gene. These infants thus develop lifelong severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Plasma bilirubin levels rapidly increase a f t e r b i r th , leading to the ent rance of pigment into the brain and subsequent neuronal damage. Many of these infants die at an early age, while the surv ivors develop various manifestations of bilirubin encephalopathy. The lat ter usually die following a sudden crisis which drives bilirubin into the bra in .


Biogas recovery systems that use methane from manure to generate electricity have not been widely adopted in U.S. mainly because the costs of constructing and maintaining these systems have exceeded the value of the benefits provided. Climate change mitigation and renewable energy policies could increase profits for the operators of such systems thereby making digester adoption more widespread. For the U.S. Dairy sector, we examine digester adoption rates, emissions reductions, net returns, electricity generation, and program costs under different policy scenarios. We find that 3% or fewer dairies would need to adopt digesters to meet the policy goals of reducing 25% of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy manure or generating one million megawatt hours of electricity per year. A carbon pricing program provides the highest net social benefits for almost all policy goals considered.


Studies have shown that dissatisfaction following TKA may stem from poor component placement and iatrogenic factors related to variability in surgical execution. A CT-based robotic assisted system allows surgeons to dynamically balance the joint prior to bone resection. This study aimed to determine if this system could improve TKA planning, reduce soft tissue releases, minimize bone resection, and accurately predict component size. Six hundred and sixty-six cases undergoing primary robotic assisted TKA we enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study. Seven surgeons participated from seven US centers. Patient demographics and intraoperative surgical details were collected. Initial and final 3-dimensional alignment, component position, bone resection depths, use of soft tissue releases, knee balancing gaps, and component size were collected intraoperatively. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the changes in these parameters between initial and final values. In this study, 513 varus knees, 86 valgus knees, and 26 neutral knees were captured and stratified for analysis. Native deformity ranged from 12 degrees of valgus to 19 degrees of varus. 85% of all patients in this study did not require a soft tissue release. Complex deformities who required a soft tissue release were corrected on average to 3.36 degrees while cases without releases were corrected to 1.1 degree on average. All surgeons achieved their planned sizes on the tibia and femur more than 97.5% of the time within one size, and 100% of the time within two sizes. Flexion and extension gaps during knee balancing were within 2mm (mean 1mm) for all knees. New tools may allow for enhanced execution and predictable balance for TKA, which may improve patient outcomes. In this study, preoperative planning via CT scan allowed surgeons Health Sciences EPiC Series in Health Sciences Volume 3, 2019, Pages 440–443 CAOS 2019. The 19th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery P. Meere and F. Rodriguez Y Baena (eds.), CAOS 2019 (EPiC Series in Health Sciences, vol. 3), pp. 440–443 to assess bony deformities and subtly adjust component position to reduce soft tissue trauma. Patient follow up is needed to determine clinical outcomes.


With the introduction of multiparty system in 1990, he held the reorganization of parties and candidates supported by them to organize campaigns based on modern rules and through the media. We can bring up a certain trend of election campaigns that have well organized and efficient, while in terms of political marketing.


This study examines the performance of the policy of community management for rural groundwater supply in Africa. Across the continent, policies that promote community management have dominated the rural water supply sector for decades. As a result, hundreds of thousands of village-level committees have been formed to manage community boreholes equipped with handpumps. With a significant proportion of these handpumps non-functional at any one time, increasing effort is targeted toward understanding the interacting social and physical determinants of this 'hidden crisis'. We conducted a survey of community management arrangements across six hundred sites in rural Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda, examining the extent to which management capacity is related to borehole functionality whilst accounting for a range of contextual variables. The capacity of water management arrangements (WMAs) was assessed according to four dimensions: finance system; affordable maintenance and repair; decision making, rules, and leadership; and external support. The survey reveals that 73.3% of WMAs have medium or high capacity. However, we found no strong relationship between the capacity of the WMA and the functionality of the borehole. Of the four management dimensions, affordable maintenance and repair was the best predictor of borehole functionality. However, the capacity of this dimension was seen to be the lowest overall, with 61.9% of sites weak or non-existent. Our results provide very limited support for the policy of community management, and we suggest that evidence alone has not accounted for its persistence over decades. After a short historical analysis, we conclude that explanation for the endurance of this model can be found in the nexus between evidence, ideology, and policy. We argue that it is this same nexus that will likely ensure the popularity of community management for some time to come, despite new ideas and evidence to the contrary.


Object of this study is to examine the psychological and cultural indicators in relation with the emotional expression. Research has been carried out with a sample of 1.909 students belonging to 12 American nations. Results show that –in the individualistic and with lower power distance countries– the subjects are expressed more the emotions. People that live in individualistic societies present a more expressive (or more feminine) self-concept that the individuals socialized in collectivistic cultures. The subjects that belong to nations with a lower power distance are more interdependent and less more competitive attitudes, being related with a bigger emotional expression.


Neuropathy of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is one of the urgent problems of dentistry and neurology. The article is devoted to the issues of early and late diagnosis of neuropathy IAN by clinical, radiological and functional diagnostic methods. Evaluating the study of 22 patients over the course of a year, we came to the conclusion that early diagnosis is the most informative and qualitative. In this regard, the development of a diagnostic technique for neuropathy IAN will reduce the time and improve the quality of treatment, as well as significantly reduce the consequences of complications.


Contents: Preface. Cognitive Development and Mathematics Learning. Children's Counting. Quantitative Comparison Without Numbers. Understanding Units. Relations Among Quantities in Arithmetic: Additive and Multiplicative Reasoning. Understanding Fractions. Implications for Developmental Psychology. Implications for Mathematics Education.


The Fengxi area in Chang'an County, Shaanxi, is said to be where King Wen of the Zhou built the capital Fengjing. Archaeological survey and excavation indicate that this area is densely covered with rich sites of the Western Zhou period. Nevertheless, for a long time archaeologists could not identify any Proto-Zhou deposits. The 1967 excavation at Fengxi yielded several burials furnished with high-collared pouch-legged pottery li -vessels, as well as weapons of the Late Shang style. These burials were soon dated to the pre-dynastic Zhou, or Proto-Zhou, era. In 1997, as part of the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, more excavations were carried out at Fengxi, revealing features with an important set of stratigraphic relationships related to the issue of the location of the Proto-Zhou Culture. A late Proto-Zhou "ash pit" was superimposed by early Western Zhou cultural layers. A systematic study of the radiocarbon dates derived from the different levels of the pit and related features and cultural levels indicates that the date of the Zhou conquest of the Shang should be bracketed between 1050 BC and 1020 BC.


Housing and communal services is one of the most important sectors of the economy of any country. Branch Housing and utilities covers mno¬gootraslevoy production and technical complex, the need for products which is not particularly limited, and has important influence on all spheres of society.The situation in the segodneshny day is that the industry of housing and communal services is a complex technical and economic status. Systemic crisis of the industry manifested in disrepair communications, low quality of services provided, neeffektivnom use of material, labor and financial resources. Therefore, the need to reform the industry is obvious.The article analyzes the experience of reforming municipal services abroad. The features and common approaches to the management of housing and communal services in foreign countries. Identifies areas of housing reform in Russia.


Abstract—Proxy multi-signature system is based on digital signature scheme for a class of special signature scheme, which requires the signer to own certain powers were delegated to each proxy signer to make these proxy signer to use these powers on behalf of himself. In this paper, a class before the enhanced proxy multi-signature scheme carry out the attack and improvement, three forgery attacks has been implemented,one for the any original signer,one for the any proxy signer,and one for the proxy signer modify the proxy deadline. While the original proposals put forward an improved model, to prevent a proxy signer rights transfer, the ability to prevent abuse of the signature to ensure that the proxy signature security.


Robust local feature detection and description are crucial in a huge of computer vision tasks. However, current feature descriptors lack geometric information and spatial features. In this paper, we propose a novel spatial and geometric feature fusion architecture, which can effectively tackle these problems. The proposed architecture includes three aspects. 1) A multiple low-level feature fusion (ML2F2) subnetworks, which could improve the ability to extract geometric information through the weighted fusion features. 2) A subnetwork for gradient feature extraction (GFE) which could validly extract the spatial features by encoding the horizontal and vertical gradients of an image. 3) Effective spatial geometric feature fusion (SGFF) module to alternatively fuse the above subnetworks. Experiments on the task of Image Matching and Long-Term Visual Localization show that the proposed method is superior to most advanced local feature descriptors.


With the rapid development of information technology, the traditional offline teaching model has been unable to meet the learning needs of students, and the classroom time is limited, and the teaching efficiency under the traditional teaching model is not high. If only relying on online courses, students can learn independently through MOOC courses, it is also difficult to achieve the goal of single-chip course training, and students have insufficient practical skills. Therefore, the online and offline hybrid teaching model is of great significance in practical courses such as single - chip microcomputers. Teachers are required to effectively integrate online and offline resources to help students gain knowledge.


Objective To establish ischemia-reperfusion injury by adenosine A1 receptor analogue, CCPA, and to study relation between it and E-Selectin or ICAM-l expression level. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, sham group(Z), ischemia control group(c), and group of delayed preconditioning with CCPA(A), Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 180 min hypothermia ischemia and 60min warm reperfusion. The ± dp/dtmax of left ventricle, CK-MB leakage, and E-Selectin or ICAM-l expression were observed. Results The recovery rate of ± dp/dtmax in group A was much higher than that of group C(P0.05), while CK-MB leakage was less than that of group C(P0.05). E-Selectin or ICAM-l expression level in group A was lower than that of group C(P0.01). Conclusion This study showed that preconditioning with adenosine A1 receptor analogue, CCPA can produce delayed cardioprotective effect against ischemic-reperfusion jnjury, and downregulate the expression of E-Selectin or ICAM-l. The downregulation of the expression of E-Selectin or ICAM-l may be one of mechanisms of delayed preconditioning.


The ONC has released a guide for healthcare providers that explains key EHR contract terminology and how certain provisions could impact a physician's practice.


This chapter discusses the promise of an 'externalist' or 'anti-individualist' account of the contents of the thoughts and beliefs that one must have even to be faced with the challenging problem associated with 'externalist' definitions of the concept of knowledge. It first considers the central problem for philosophy since the time of Socrates: to understand the role of sense-experience in human knowledge, and to see whether or how we can know what we do about the world on the basis of what we perceive to be so. It suggests that threatening reflections about sense perception start from the undeniable fact of perceptual illusions or mistakes. It also examines efforts that have been made to define the concept of knowledge and concludes by explaining how externalism can be helpful in the diagnosis and dissolution of the traditional epistemological problem.


In previous studies we established that human bone and human osteoblast-like cells (hOB cells) cultured from bone express 5α-reductase (5α-R) activity, as demonstrated by the conversion of testosterone and androstenedione to their corresponding 5α-reduced metabolites, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5α-androstanedione. Two 5α-R isozymes (types 1 and 2) have been identified in various tissues. As their nature in bone is unknown, we investigated which isozymes were expressed in first passage hOB cells cultured from bone specimens obtained from six donors (five women and one man). For comparison, 5α-reductase isozyme expression in genital skin fibroblasts cultured from foreskin of three males was determined. Pharmacological and biochemical studies using selective inhibitors of the 5α-R isozymes were performed, and gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. In hOB cells, LY191704, a potent nonsteroidal selective inhibitor of 5α-R type 1, and the 4-azasteroid 17β-(N,N,-diethyl-carbamoyl)-4-methyl-4-aza-5α-andros...


Wind turbines are playing an increasingly important role in renewable power generation. Their complex and large-scale structure, however, and operation in remote locations with harsh environmental conditions and highly variable stochastic loads make fault occurrence inevitable. Early detection and location of faults are vital for maintaining a high degree of availability and reducing maintenance costs. Hence, the deployment of algorithms capable of continuously monitoring and diagnosing potential faults and mitigating their effects before they evolve into failures is crucial. Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control designs have been the subject of intensive research in the past decades. Significant progress has been made and several methods and control algorithms have been proposed in the literature. This paper provides an overview of the most recent fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control techniques for wind turbines. Following a brief discussion of the typical faults, the most commonly used model-based, data-driven and signal-based approaches are discussed. Passive and active fault tolerant control approaches are also highlighted and relevant publications are discussed. Future development tendencies in fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of wind turbines are also briefly stated. The paper is written in a tutorial manner to provide a comprehensive overview of this research topic.


Tantalum-alkyne complexes, derived by treatment of alkynes with low-valent tantalum (TaCl 5 and zinc), react in situ with carbonyl compounds to give (E)-allylic alcohols stereoselectively. When unsymmetrical acetylenes are employed in the reaction, two regioisomeric allylic alcohols are produced. The regioselectivity of the reaction depends on the steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the acetylenes


Developments in the field of microelectronics and control has resulted in vector control of induction motor. The induction motors are used in many adjustable speed applications. In order to understand and analyze the vector control of induction motors, the dynamic model of the machine is necessary along with the steady state analysis and design of the induction motors. It is the objective to explain the various forms in a concise way to understand clearly. In addition, the fundamental dynamic performance of the machine in the synchronous frame is developed along with the principles of closed loop vector control is discussed in general terms and simulation has been carried out on a laboratory model.


Various fodder quality parameters, viz. ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), ash content, neutral fibre (NDF), acid fibre (ADF), hemicellulose content (HC) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were evaluated for last clipping fodder and straw of Egyptian clover sown on different dates and clipped for fodder on various dates: Delay in sowing from 1 October to 15 November significantly increased ash content and decreased NDF content of both fodder and straw, whereas crude fibre and hemicellulose content of straw in 15 November sowing were significantly lower on 1 October sowing. Ash content of last clipping fodder decreased, while that of straw increased with each delay in cut off time of fodder up to 11 April. Crude fibre and ADF content of last clipping fodder and NDF and He content of both last clipping fodder and straw increased, whereas, crude fibre content of straw and NFE of last clipping fodder and straw decreased with delay in cut off date. Egyptian clover sown in first fortnight of November and given last fodder clipping up to second week of March produced the fodder of best quality compared to other dates of sowing and cut off dates for fodder.


The present invention provides an adjustable light effect LED lamp includes a lamp housing, heat radiating plate, and a transparent lampshade LED light source group, the heat radiating plate is provided in the lamp housing, LED light source group disposed in a heat dissipation plate, bonded to the transparent shade cover a lamp housing, a heat radiating plate comprises a main radiator plate, both sides of the heat dissipation plate and the heat dissipation plate may be in the main surface of the auxiliary heat-dissipating plate normal movement of the main radiating plates are trough-shaped, are respectively hinged to both sides of the heat radiating plate radiator plate main groove wall on both sides, on the lamp housing along the auxiliary heat-dissipating plate is provided for adjusting the spacing of the main groove bottom to increase the heat dissipation plate assembly, and the auxiliary heat-dissipating plate assembly is connected to increase the heat dissipation plate and located above the main groove bottom, and two auxiliary heat-dissipating plate the upper surface side of the heat radiating plate are provided with an LED light source group. The present invention, by adjusting the rotation angle of the side opposite the main heat radiating plate and the heat dissipation plate binding regulatory auxiliary radiator plate bottom and the main radiator plate spacing can be adjusted by lighting a light effect. Meanwhile, the LED light source is formed a height difference between groups, all functions of the light.


The objective of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of glass fiber post after cemented with RelyXTM Unicem resin cement under different barometric pressure conditions. A total of 20 extracted, single-rooted lower premolars were endodontically treated. Post space was prepared and the glass fiber post was cemented with RelyXTM Unicem resin cement. They were then randomly divided into two subgroups (n=10) which were normal atmospheric pressure condition and hyperbaric pressure condition (higher than normal atmospheric pressure). The pullout bond strength of glass fiber post was tested using a universal testing machine. Independent t-test was used in the analysis. The mean pull-out bond strength of RelyXTM Unicem resin cement in hyperbaric pressure condition, 245.8 (±46.3) N exhibited significant higher (p>0.05) than when compared to normal atmospheric pressure condition, 148.5 (±35.0). The bond strength of glass fiber post was influenced by different barometric pressure conditions. RelyXTM Unicem resin cement had a higher bond strength under hyperbaric pressure condition than normal atmospheric pressure condition.


This article attempts to develop a rational reconstruction of Kuhn's epistemological relativism which effectively defends it against an influential line of criticism in the work of Shapere and Scheffler. Against the latter's reading of Kuhn, it is argued (1) that it is the incommensurability of scientific problems, data, and standards, not that of scientific meanings which primarily grounds the relativism argument; and (2) that Kuhnian incommensurability is compatible with far greater epistemological continuity from one theory to another than is implied by the criticisms in question. The reconstruction of Kuhn is then used to show that while it constitutes a provocative form of relativism, it can also plausibly account for the sense in which scientific development is rational, involves standards external to particular paradigms, and exhibits progress of a sort. Finally, the article attempts to develop an adequate critical perspective on Kuhn's relativism by distinguishing a 'short‐run' from a 'long‐run' r...


The present invention belongs to the technical preparation of the adsorbent in the radioactive liquid waste treatment processes, particularly method for making a cesium selective magnetic sorbents. First, the Ni powder was added to the mixture and K4Fe (CN) 6 · 3H2O in deionized water to make K4Fe (CN) 6 · 3H2O was completely dissolved; then, the resultant solution was placed under the water bath, and thereto is added dropwise a solution of HCl , and continue stirring the reaction period; and the resulting reaction was static aged at room temperature for some time to complete the crystal growth structure; Subsequently, deionized water, the resulting precipitate was washed until the washings were colorless and transparent, and the pH until substantially constant; Finally, the washed precipitate was dried to constant weight at a constant temperature, to give a nickel potassium ferrocyanide - the nickel sorbent. The preparation method provided fewer steps, simple process, suitable for mass production, the adsorbent treated with cesium-containing waste liquid volume reduction can be achieved better than and decontamination factor.


Increasing the energy efficiency of deep learning systems is critical for improving the cognitive capability of edge devices, often battery operated, as well as for data centers, constrained by the total power envelope. Specialized architectures accelerated by analog vector-matrix multipliers (VMMs) can reduce by orders of magnitude the energy per operation, since the reduced precision of analog computation does not undermine the classification accuracy of the neural network. We show an analog vector-matrix multiplier fabricated with industry-standard 0.18 μm CMOS process, exploiting a single-transistor non-volatile analog memory cell and dedicated technology circuit co-design. The design is focused on implementation in neural networks performing offline training. The VMM performs the analog multiplication of a vector of inputs, encoded in the duration of time pulses, times a matrix of weights, encoded in the programmable currents of the memory cells. A 1.72 μm2 memory cell is realized with a single transistor with floating gate, which can be operated as a two-terminal analog memristive device with more than 64 programmable current levels and high Ihigh/Ilow ratio (> 103), tuned by the charge injected in the floating gate. A small-area charge amplifier is used to convert the multiply and accumulate operation result into a voltage. System-level projections based on our measurements and simulations provide a throughput of 333.17 GOps/s and an energy efficiency of 122.3 TOps/J, higher than comparable-precision VMMs reported in the literature, and an equivalent area per cell down to 2.15 μm2, lower than any similar state-of-the-art solution. Of critical importance in view of translation to industry, our proposal uses in a new way an industry-standard low-cost single-poly CMOS process flow.


The ready-made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh, with the gradual increase of manufacturing costs,is in indispensable requirement to initiate improvement in manufacturing to continue sustainable growth for long run. With the customer expectation, it is required for the manufacturer to improve capacity, on-time delivery, efficiency, and financial condition. To achieve that, it is required to optimize cycle time to improve capacity, reduce work-in-process (WIP) and throughput time to get faster flow and delivery, optimize process and resources fulfilling the expected quality. This study aims to improve manufacturing performance using a layout optimization methodology and workplace engineering through the work study. The proposed methodology is implemented in a RMG finishing production line. The results show that, about 19.5 sec cycle time is reduced by increasing 16 pcs capacity per hour from the line. Also, 2 manpower is optimized from 8 lines through process elimination which impacts 3% efficiency improvement, whereas throughput time is reduced to 26 min by cycle time minimization and WIP reduction to improve on-time delivery. These are the two most effective tools for improving the workplace, work environment as well as manufacturing performance. The proposed layout optimization and workplace engineering can be implemented in any type of industry to improve lead time, quality, material handling as well as customer satisfaction.


The aim of this paper is to consider and study the concept of ∆-distance on a complete D-semi metric spaces and the fixed point theorem has been established on the D semi metric spaces.


Junctional adhesion molecules and interendothelial junctions, Aurrand-Lions, M., Johnson-Leger, C., Lamagna, C., Ozaki, H., Kita, T., Imhof, B.A. leukocyte adhesion deficiency II - therapy and genetic defect, Wild, M.K., Luhn, K., Marquardt, T., Vestweber, D. measuring cell adhesion forces with the atomic force microscope at the molecular level, Benoit, M., Gaub, H.E. integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling during blastocyst implantation, Wang, J., Armant, D.R. integrins and extracellular matrix proteins at the maternal-fetal interface in domestic animals, Burghardt, R.C., Johnson, G.A., Jaeger, L.A., Ka, H., Garlow, J.E., Spencer, T.E., Bazer, F.W. experimental modulation of cell-cell adhesion, invasiveness and differentiation in trophoblast cells, Hohn, H.-P., Denker, H.-W. in vitro studies on endometrial adhesiveness for trophoblast: cellular dynamics in uterine epithelial cells, Thie, M., Denker, H.-W.


Abstract : This book contains the proceedings of a Symposium on Approximation Theory which was held in Austin on January 18-21, 1976. The program of the symposium included seven one-hour invited expository lectures, more than forty one-half-hour invited research talks, and a large number of contributed fifteen minute talks. The expository papers describe recent developments in some important special fields. For example, D. Braess discusses nonlinear approximation, C. de Boor surveys the central role of B-splines in the general theory of splines, R. DeVore discusses the degree of approximation by polynomials, trigonometric polynomials, and splines, obtaining the results from a relation between the moduli of smoothness and Peetre's K-functionals, A. G. Vituskin has a new point of view upon entropy-he indicates its applications to coding, G. P. Nevai describes recent results (by himself, G. Freud and others) in the theory of convergence of interpolation formulas and of orthogonal polynomials, C. K. Chui surveys Pade approximations of arbitrary analytic functions, and L. L. Schumaker discusses fitting surfaces.


PURPOSE
Overlapping volume histogram (OVH) and distance-to-target histogram (DTH) calculations rely on the assumption that dose gradients are symmetric with respect to primary target volume (PTV) expansion and minimum distance to PTV surface, respectively. It is desirable to lift this assumption and instead account for achievable modality-specific dose gradients (MSDG) for a given PTV shape.

METHODS
From a library of 96 prostate 7-beam IMRT plans, we computed spherical distance maps (SDMs) for PTVs and 3 iso-dose contours. Each SDM contains the minimum distances between plan isocenter and the object's surface for a fixed set of azimuthal and polar angles. We performed principal component analysis (PCA)-based missing data recovery with PTV SDM as input and a single iso-dose contour SDM as output. Repeating this process for the set of iso-dose contours sparsely reconstructed the MSDG for a given PTV. DVH points were computed from the MSDG for bladder and rectum (OARs) as a natural way of casting patient-specific geometric information into modality-specific dose space (vs. OVH and DTH where data is purely geometric). For comparison, we implemented a cumulative (c)DTH-based prediction algorithm, and produced DVH for both OARs separately. We then computed linear regressions between each method and the DVH of the original patient plan for three different OAR DVH points.

RESULTS
R-squared for MSD-Gcomputed DVH vs. original plan DVH at V90%, V80% and V60% of max dose were 0.86, 0.83, and 0.78, for bladder and 0.36, 0.52, and 0.55 for rectum, respectively; R-squared for cDTH-based predicted DVH vs. original plan DVH were 0.67, 0.81, and 0.83, for bladder and 0.44, 0.50, and 0.51, for rectum, respectively.

CONCLUSION
By simply modeling the MSDG about a given PTV, we are able to reproduce DVHs consistent with a validated cDTH-based DVH prediction. Regression analysis suggests MSDG could further improve predictions.


Scientists recognize the importance of ecological data prior to invasion by non-native species in order to evaluate changes in the recipient community. Here we assess the potential impact of the invasion of the bivalve Isognomon bicolor (C.B. Adams, 1845) on Brazilian rocky shores through the use of surveys both before and after the arrival of this non–native species. The invader was mostly distributed across the mid and low shore levels of the intertidal zone with relative abundance ranging from 9.0 to 36.7 percent cover. The mid shore, previously dominated by the native barnacle Tetraclita stalactifera (Lamarck, 1818), was co-dominated by this barnacle species and I. bicolor after invasion. The relative abundance of these species, and presumably the interaction strength between them, differed between sites. At the site where I. bicolor reached the highest abundance (around 30% on average), the abundance of T. stalactifera decreased on average 70% compared to baseline values obtained before the I. bicolor invasion. Finally, conspicuous and extensive I. bicolor beds such as those observed in this study have not been reported in its original distribution range. Beds of I. bicolor may create a much more intricate biogenic matrix than the extents of bare rock and barnacle clumps it replaced. This bivalve may act as an ecosystem engineer and, thus a functionally different component of the intertidal community in its invaded range compared to its native distribution.


Magnetically modified functional particles are emerging as one of the most promising candidate in numerous multidisciplinary applications. In this research, a simple process has been developed to prepare magnetically modified aminated silica (SiO2) particles. Herein, submicron-sized SiO2 particles were modified with poly(methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid) by seeded polymerization without any stabilizer. The carboxyl groups localized near the particles surface were then covalently linked with ethylene diamine to prepare aminated composite particles. Iron ions were then precipitated on the surface of aminated composite particles to obtain magnetically doped functional SiO2 particles. The preparation of such particles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravemetric analyses. Relative measurement of adsorption study of different biomolecules suggested that magnetically doped functional silica particles are comparatively hydrophobic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Surface electromyograms have been recorded from the tongue during the production of 12 American vowels contained in monosyllabic utterances of the form /pVp/. Electrodes were placed at locations ranging from the root of the tongue, over the mass and blade, to and under the tongue tip. It was found that each vowel shows characteristic patterns of electrical activity over the various locations during its production. Correlations are proposed between these vowel myogram patterns and (1) the musculature controlling tongue movement, particularly the styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles, (2) the acoustically significant place and degree of vocal‐tract constriction as shown in cineradiograms of the subjects speaking the same utterances, and (3) traditional phonetic classifications of the vowels. [This investigation was supported in part by PHS Research Grant DE 01774 from the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Wel...


The effects of by-pass system on cement production were studied by testing the by-pass system of a foreign factory.The error between theoretical formula calculation values and actual testing values were compared.The results indicated that the heat consumption of clinker would increase 8.597kJ/kg for each 1% kiln flue gas exhausted.The by-pass system would reduce the internal circulation of harmful material such as sulfur,chlorine effectively,and the reliability of the theoretical formula was demonstrated.


In order to solve the security problem of data's exchange and sharing among every information island, as well as between power enterprises and power customers, we propose data security exchange of user behavior trusted: recording the data's essential attribute and user operation in clients; data transmission can be achieved by unified security exchange protocol; servers filter data according to data's essential attribute, user operation and configure policy, by association analysis of customers' abnormal behavior, and check user behavior trusted. By means of analysis, data exchange of user behavior trusted can ensure data's security exchange from data transmission, data security and user behavior trusted three aspects in heterogeneous environment.


Coastal erosion is a major environmental issue affecting diverse infrastructures (e.g., buildings, roads, and ports) in Quebec. In situ monitoring of coastal morphological changes and associated modifications on water turbidity is costly and face several challenges related to long-term marine measurements (e.g., biofouling). Here, a new technique based on spaceborne Lidar (Light detection and range) measurements is evaluated for estimating bi-weekly variations on suspended particulate matter off the Quebec coast. These preliminary results are part of FLASH (Fluvial bathymetry using spaceborne Laser in SHallow waters), an international project aiming to develop remote sensing tools for tracking unusual patterns of water turbidity linked to coastal desintegration (e.g., sediment plumes) in coastal environments of Canada and France. The experiments were performed in La Boule Bay east of Sept-Iles during April-July 2010 and involved comparisons between CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) measurements (L1_cal-v4 and 0.5 km CPRO products) and in-water turbidity measurements derived from an acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP). La Boule Bay is an area of the northern shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence that is undergoing presently a major coastal retreat after stability/advance during 70 years. Contrasting case studies based on high and low turbidity events showed a good correspondance between CALIOP volume backscattering at 532 nm (cross and copolarized channels) and amplitude values of ADCP pings. Turbidity Peaks usually coincided with neap tides, high winds, and larger wave heights.


Polyurea phase-changing microcapsules with Φ~2 μm were prepd.from liquid paraffin as cores and ethylenediamine(EDA) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanide(TDI) as shell monomers by interfacial polymn.The microcapsules were mixed with sodium alginate to prep.the temp.-adjusting alginate fibers.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was used to test the thermal performance of the fibers,and biological microscope to observe the longitudinal and cross-section shapes.The spinning liquor fluidity,fiber fineness,break strength,break elongation and hygroscopicity were also tested.


Ulysses destabilizes the division between native and non-native speakers of a language. This is achieved through the inclusion of characters such as Molly Bloom, whose status as native or non-native speaker is ambiguous, and Gerty McDowell, who despite being a native speaker of English is also an English language learner. Also contributing to this destabilization is the way that Ulysses positions all of its readers, whatever their experience with the English language, using techniques James Joyce adapted from his experience as a teacher of English as a foreign language, and from his appropriations of the Berlitz Method.


Introduction PART ONE: THINKING ABOUT VALUES What Are Values? Moral Philosophy Values and Religion PART TWO: VALUES AND SOCIAL WORK The Professional Context Ethics and Resources Ethics and Power PART THREE: VALUES IN PRACTICE Self-Determination Oppression and Respect Difference and Diversity


Chondrogenesis occurs in vivo in a hypoxic environment, in which the hypoxia inducible factor 1, HIF-1, plays a regulatory role, possibly mediated through the transcription factor DEC1. We have analyzed the effect of hypoxia (1% oxygen) alone and in combination with insulin on the chondrogenic differentiation of the mouse embryonic stem cell line ATDC5. Hypoxic treatment alone induced early chondrogenesis as evidenced by enhanced expression of aggrecan and collagen II, whereas hypoxic incubation of insulin-treated cells delayed and suppressed insulin-mediated early chondrogenesis and almost completely blocked hypertrophic differentiation. Paradoxically, the transcriptional activation of DEC1 was invariably enhanced by the hypoxic exposure.


This paper points to the importance of guaranteeing usability in Learning Management Systems (LMS) in order to achieve success in performing learning tasks in this kind of environment. The paper presents the results from a case study in which learners had to perform several learning tasks on the TIDIA-Ae LMS. It is presented usability problems observed during the performance of the case study learning tasks, as well as the difficulties that learners faced with in some tasks due to those problems and the actions taken in order to make viable the execution of the learning activity tasks. By this paper, it is intended (i) to call LMS developers' attention to the importance of usability in the development of tools to support the learning process; (ii) to point to interactive problems which should be avoided in LMS systems and (iii) to show some problems which can appear during a learning activity execution supported by computer and possible ways to deal with them.


IT IS not the mystic aspect of reality ruthlessly trampling over the impotent powers of human will and reason which makes the universe seem so grand and august a body of forces. But it is, as in Bertrand Russell's meritorious philosophical argument, the far nobler mysticism of man courageously fighting against the inexorable laws and lugubriousncss of reality which forces the prime distinction between the apparent impotence of man and the undeniable omnipotence of universal power and persistent necessity. Both daily and eternally man is at war with relentless Fate, with implacable Time, with the very transcendent and transmutive spectacle of the Universe. But to protect himself nobly as best he can. with courage and sanity and dispassion, the while he carries his torch ot culture forward, makes him free ; it is the attitude of every free man's worship to yearn for spiritual emancipation, "to abandon the struggle for private happiness, to expel all eagerness of temporary desire, to burn with passion for eternal things," aiming to identify


Due to the distinguished nature of cloud computing, it needs an effective access control model, that can cope with its broad network access, on-demand self-service, and so on. When thinking in integrating the Software-defined Networking (SDN) with the cloud computing environment, to let SDN serve, secure, and control the cloud environment. The authors must think about a perfect access control model to secure access to the SDN-integrated cloud environment. This paper proposes an extended access control model for the SDN-integrated cloud computing. Where the author's AR-ABAC access control model [15] is extended to suit the SDN-integrated cloud environment distinguished nature. The extended model can make the election process about the number of attributes considered for making access decisions. In addition it can perfectly deal with the SDN software controllers (OpenDaylight controller). Finally the model ensures secure resource sharing among potential untrusted tenants and supports different access permissions to the same user at the same session.


Due to the subtle interplay of site-to-site electronic couplings, exciton delocalization, nonadiabatic effects, and vibronic couplings, quantum dynamical studies are needed to elucidate the details of ultrafast photoinduced energy and charge transfer events in organic multichromophoric systems. In this vein, we review an approach that combines first-principles parameterized lattice Hamiltonians with accurate quantum dynamical simulations using advanced multiconfigurational methods. Focusing on the elementary transfer steps in organic molecular materials, we address coherent exciton migration and creation of charge transfer excitons in homopolymers, notably polythiophene-type materials representative of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymer, as well as exciton dissociation at polymer:fullerene heterojunctions. We emphasize the role of coherent transfer, trapping effects due to high-frequency phonon modes, and thermal activation due to low-frequency soft modes that drive a diffusive dynamics.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 72 is April 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


In Refiguring Rhetorical Education, Jessica Enoch engages with recent discussions on the purpose of English studies. In a 2006 College English Symposium (''What Should College English Be?''), for example, Shirley Wilson Logan argues for English as the study ''of how to analyze and deploy language and images in ways that better prepare [students] for meaningful civic engagement'' (110). Likewise, Bruce McComiskey, in his 2008 English Studies: An Introduction to the Discipline(s), describes English as the ''analysis, critique, and production of discourse in social context'' (43). Like Logan and McComiskey, Enoch is concerned with the purpose of English studies generally and with education for rhetorical practice in particular. However, Enoch distinguishes between rhetorical education for participation in the civic sphere and rhetorical education for participation in students' communities, especially those communities whose identities and modes of participation are marginalized alongside dominant voices in the civic sphere. Rhetorical education, Enoch writes, is classically understood as connecting ''civic engagement, language practice, rhetorical strategies, and social and bodily behavior'' (5) for ''the discipline and maintenance of a dominant subjectivity'' (Crowley qtd. in Enoch 6). Although such an education may help students engage with dominant voices within the civic sphere, it does not, Enoch notes, address students' communal identities and participation. To depict a rhetorical education that accounts for students' civic and communal participation, Enoch recovers the pedagogies of five women. She examines their resistance to dominant notions of literacy education that excluded African–American, Native American, and Chicano=a students from full civic participation. Enoch shows how these teachers instead supported their students' participation within their communities and in the larger civic sphere. Lydia Maria Child encouraged her readers—newly freed slaves—to distinguish among arguments from white and black authorities for freedmen's compliance with or resistance to Rhetoric Society Quarterly Vol. 38, No. 4, October 2008, pp. 467–469


This paper contains a general review of the six types of plains that are ordinarily found in deserts, considering them especially from the viewpoint of origin. The list includes pediments, bajadas (compound fans), lake bottoms (including playas), dip slopes, graded river flood plains, and aggraded river flood plains. Of these the first two are particularly characteristic of deserts and are far more widespread than the others. On account of the confusion which prevails in recent geologic literature regarding these dominant types, the author has outlined the characteristics of pediments and bajadas more fully and explained the means of distinguishing them from each other. Pediments are the normal results of erosion under stable conditions in the desert. The formation of Bajadas is induced by diastrophic movements, climatic change, and other interruptions of the normal cycle. Combinations of pediments and bajadas are rather common and require more care for their identification.


This paper identifies and analyzes the impact of the shocks of money supply and demand on fluctuations of output and inflation,basing on the Bayesian estimated New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model.Results show that,the impact of money supply shocks on output and inflation fluctuations in the same direction,but no significant effect on out put volatility,and can only explain less than 2% of output fluctuations;the impact on inflation volatility is relatively strong in the long term and can interpret more than 26% of inflation fluctuations.However,the impact of money demand shocks on output and inflation fluctuations is not significant in the long term and can only explain less than 0.6% of output and inflation fluctuations.Thus,in response to the inflation pressures,the central bank can use the quantitative monetary policy tool to further tightening monetary policy actively.


The paper introduces foundational response-time analysis (RTA) as a means to produce strong and independently checkable evidence of temporal correctness . In a foundational RTA, each response-time bound calculated comes with an auto-generated certificate of correctness – a short and human-inspectable sequence of machine-checked proofs that formally show the claimed bound to hold. In other words, a foundational RTA yields explainable results that can be independently verified (e.g., by a certification authority) in a rigorous manner (with an automated proof checker). Consequently, the analysis tool itself does not need to be verified nor trusted. As a proof of concept, the paper presents POET , the first foundational RTA tool. POET generates certificates based on Prosa , the to-date largest verified framework for schedulability analysis, which is based on Coq . The trusted computing base is hence reduced to the Coq proof checker and its dependencies. POET currently supports two scheduling policies ( earliest-deadline-first, fixed-priority ), two preemption models ( fully preemptive, fully non-preemptive ), arbitrary deadlines, periodic and sporadic tasks, and tasks characterized by arbitrary arrival curves. The paper describes the challenges inherent in the development of a foundational RTA tool, discusses key design choices, and reports on its scalability. CoqEAL the joint ANR-DFG project RT-PROOFS for


Through long time practice in engineering,write a program with BASIC to calculation the point at non start point tarnsition curve,the program have high calculation accuracy,easy to use and well practicability.


The variations of the rhythm method of contraception and its inadequacy as a reliable method are discussed. Studies of women following the calendar method have shown a failure rate of 30 pregnancies per 100 women-years of use. Failure rates with the basal body temperature method have been observed to be lower than when the calendar method and basal body temperature method are combined (6.6 and 19.3 per 100 woman-years). Sufficient data does not yet exist to evaluate the cervical mucus method. The failure rates are higher than those found with oral contraceptives, IUDS, and occlusive methods. The development of methods to determine the post ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle would enhance the rhythm method. It is concluded that methods which attempt to predict the ovulatory phase are not effective methods of birth control.


In recent years, many popular technologies require a highthroughput ultra-long FFT processor, such as the OFDM and FMCW radars. In order to get high throughput, we use the MDC architecture to design the FFT processor. In addition, we added the 2-epoch architecture [1] to reduce the area of FIFOs in the MDC processor. Since the input to the MDC FFT is not in natural order, we need to design a reorder circuit. We proposed a data-scheduling algorithm that allows the reorder circuit to use the least number of memory banks to achieve area reduction. Furthermore, we proposed a twiddle-factorgenerator circuit for the 2-epoch architecture. It can effectively reduce the number of twiddle factors that need to be stored. We designed different specifications of FFT processors using the method described in this paper, and then synthesized using the TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology high-Vt standard cell library. Our processors can operate above 450MHz and the throughput is $P\cdot R$, where P is the parallelism of hardware and the R is the operating frequency.


This paper studies the impact of five dimensions of venture capitalist (VC) power on the likelihood of the board representation of VCs in their portfolio firms at the initial public offering (IPO) as well as the effect of the latter on IPO performance. The dimensions of VC power are based on Finkelstein's (1992) four dimensions of power which are ownership power, structural power (i.e., the VC's rank within the firm's financial hierarchy), expert power (i.e., VC industry specialization), and prestige power (i.e., the number of IPOs the VC has been involved with so far). We add controlling power (i.e., how pivotal the VC is to the voted decision) to these four dimensions. We find that all five dimensions of power have a significantly positive impact on the likelihood of VC board membership. While controlling for the possible endogeneity of the latter, underpricing and the IPO premium are higher if there is VC board membership, which is consistent with both the grandstanding and management support hypotheses. Our results suggest that VCs improve IPO performance and that they do not just maintain a strong presence in better performing companies after the IPO.


The influence of soil matric potential (ψm) on 14C exudation from labeled fungal propagules incubated in two soils over 5 days was determined, using tensiometers set at 0, −50, −100, and −200 mbar ψm (1 bar = 100 kPa). In general, 14C exudation to soil (as a percent of initial label) tended to be greatest at 0 mbar and decreasing ψm. In a sandy loam soil, the range of 14C exudation from conidia of Bipolaris victoriae or sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina was 18.4–20.9 or 4.4–5.5% at 0 mbar. At −200 mbar, it was 5.5–6.0 or 1.2–1.7%, respectively. In a clay loam soil at 0 mbar, conidia of B. victoriae or B. sorokiniana lost 17.6–19.9 or 7.3–9.2%, respectively, of total 14C label as exudate. At −200 mbar 14.6 or 5.9–7.2% was lost, respectively. Sclerotia of M. phaseolina lost 5.1–5.7% 14C-labeled exudate to the clay loam soil at 0 mbar and 4.3–4.6% at −200 mbar. 14C exudation at ψm less than saturation was about 2–3 times greater in the clay loam soil than in the sandy loam soil. Calculated ratios of evolv...


Surface soil water shortages are among the primary factors limiting revegetation in most degraded regions with shallow soil, especially in karst areas. Finding water sources for plants is an urgent task to ensure maximum vegetation restoration in these areas. We combined soil water content monitoring and isotope tracing to reveal the principal water source supply systems for plants in karst areas. The results showed that the content and storage of water in the shallow fissure soil system (SFSS) of the epikarst zone were consistently higher and more temporally stable than that of the surface soil. Thus, epikarsts with dissolution voids and fissures are important, stable aquifers that provide water to plants. Moreover, the IsoSource results showed that the SFSS was the primary water source for three monitored tree species (Cupressus torulosa D. Don, Pyracantha fortuneana [Maxim.] Li and Rosa cymosa Tratt.), especially C. torulosa and P. fortuneana. The water‐uptake patterns of C. torulosa and P. fortuneana changed from dominant SFSS and surface soil water sources during the rainy period to the dominant SFSS and transfer zone (TZ) of vadose zone water sources during the dry period. In contrast, Rhynchospora cymosa uses water from SFSS and TZ water sources only during drought. These results suggest that the SFSS is key to eliminating vegetation restoration limitations due to surface drought in karst areas. It is proposed that deeply rooted plants with dimorphic root systems are optimal for sustainable vegetation restoration in karst areas.


In this article, we study the problem of the product property for the Lempert function with many poles and consider some properties of this function mostly for plane domains.


This paper presents a theoretical model of how advertising drives profit growth via brand equity. After summarising conclusions from advertising research, the paper reviews the Young and Rubicam BrandAsset  model of brand equity: differentiation, relevance, esteem and knowledge. They claim that brands are built in that order, and that a left to right decline in the relative strength of those four factors indicates a strongly growing brand. Once the theoretical constructs are fully in place, this model will be empirically tested.


The commercial distribution in the geographical region and the specialized level of different industries in Xi′an were illustrated by using concentration factor and location entropy.By analyzing and dealing with data,the following results are concluded:Xi′an′s commercial distribution shows as ring structure in the geographical zone.The lower specialization in commercial interior industry.Three major types of commercial regional structure initially being formed.Based on these conclusions,the influencing factors of the structure of Xi′an commercial space were analyzed.Finally,the problems existing in Xi′an commercial space are proposed and some optimization directions and suggestion are given.


Abstract : The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been engaged in the Partnerships for Peace (PFP) program formed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 1990. One small but important element of this engagement program is the use of the Civil-Military Emergency Planning (CMEP) initiative to enhance the capabilities of the PFP Partners to work with each other, with neighboring nations, and with the international community to prepare for natural and technological disasters within any Partner nation. The CMEP initiative includes a number of events, such as traveling contact teams from the U.S. and familiarization tours to the U.S., as well as several workshops conducted both in the U.S. and in Partner nations. This initiative familiarizes professional civilian and military "emergency managers" of Partner nations with the legal foundations, planning guidelines, and operational procedures that govern use of the U.S. Armed Forces when providing support to U.S. civil authorities. The CMEP initiatives also provide familiarization with evolving computer-based techniques of emergency information planning and management, and seek to build on an incremental basis an enduring competence within the Partners' organizations. The computer related familiarization includes: data base structures, internet research and simulations, and geographic information systems.


Natural convection heat transfer associated to fluid-dynamics phenomena has been extensively studied in many applications of scientific and industrial areas. Numerous benchmarks provide numerical and experimental data of these phenomena in a wide range of Rayleigh (Ra) numbers.
Three dimensional high Ra number regimes are particularly challenging to simulate due to instabilites sensitivity, need of correction of turbulence modeling and so on. The literature on this topic is scarce. In this paper Fluent and OpenFOAM codes have been used to assess the Boussinesq approximation for a wide range of Ra numbers (10*3 - 10*8) for two dimensional (square cavity) and three dimensional (cubic cavity) cases. High Ra number cases are particularly discussed showing model limitations and code capabilities to cope the natural convection phenomena. Results are compared with classical benchmark cases available in the literature, finding excellent agreement with both experimental and numerical data.
Underlying theoretical models and implementantion are explained in depth, particularly for OpenFOAM code serving as a reference.


This paper considers the end-to-end scheduling for all-optical data center networks with zero in-network buffer and non-negligible reconfiguration delay. It is known that in the regime where the scheduling reconfiguration delay is non-negligible, the rate of schedule reconfiguration should be limited in such a way as to minimize the impact of reduced duty-cycles and to ensure bounded delay. However, when the scheduling rate is restricted, the existing literature also tends to restrict the rate of monitoring and decision processes. We first present a framework for scheduling with reconfiguration delay that decouples the rate of scheduling from the rate of monitoring. Under this framework, we then present two scheduling algorithms for switches with reconfiguration delay, both based on the well-known MaxWeight scheduling policy. The first one is the Periodic MaxWeight (PMW), which is simpler in computation, but requires prior knowledge of traffic load. The other is the Adaptive MaxWeight (AMW), which, in contrast, requires no prior knowledge. We show the stability condition for both algorithms and evaluate their delay performance through simulations.


On the basis of kin selection and self value orientation theory,and American social psychologist Kurt Lewin's behavior mode,this paper discusses the relationship bewteen the value orientation of the family business behavior and its role arrangement.It not only divides the family business value orientation into innovative,mean and conservative ones,but also analyses the various value orientations embedded in the kin selection and China's family business culture,and their effects on the core role of decision-making and the staff arrangement.


The intent of this expository paper is to draw the attention of the applied mathematics community to an interesting two-dimensional mathematical model arising in solid mechanics involving a single second-order linear or quasi-linear partial differential equation. This model has the virtue of relative mathematical simplicity without loss of essential physical relevance. Anti-plane shear deformations are one of the simplest classes of deformations that solids can undergo. In anti-plane shear (or longitudinal shear, generalized shear) of a cylindrical body, the displacement is parallel to the generators of the cylinder and is independent of the axial coordinate. Thus anti-plane shear, with just a single scalar axial displacement field, may be viewed as complementary to the more complicated (yet perhaps more familiar) plane strain deformation, with its two in-plane displacements. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the analysis of anti-plane shear deformations within the context of variou...