type of study, defined as either "intervention", "cost of illness", or "policy document"; study population i.e. type of OA (e.g. knee, hip), average age of participants, sample size, timeframe for the study; measure(s) of productivity; how information on productivity had been collected e.g. a single question or an established productivity questionnaire; the instrument(s) used to measure productivity and any sources containing a description, interpretation, or validation of the instrument; the results for productivity i.e. effect size, statistical significance. In some cases, the two reviewers (SW and MC) also reported the main strengths and weaknesses of the study/productivity measures. Studies were firstly grouped as either intervention, cost of illness, or policy documents and, subsequently, the intervention studies were classified by study design (e.g. RCT, cohort study) to determine the strength of the evidence (as per Table 1). 3.4.2. Type of synthesis of results A qualitative synthesis of results was undertaken. Quantitative comparisons and pooling of the estimates of productivity losses due to OA (or productivity gains due to OA interventions) were not performed due to recognised between-study heterogeneity (e.g. differences in country, methods for estimating productivity, and the range of productivity measures used) which has been noted in systematic reviews of the costs of OA generally, and of the impact of OA on labour productivity specifically. 3.4.3. Instruments used The concept, instrument, or technique used in assembling, measuring or quantifying the productivity benefits (losses) in the articles was our working definition of "scale of productivity benefits".


The advancement in data mining techniques plays an important role in many applications. In context of privacy and security issues, the problems caused by association rule mining technique are investigated by many research scholars. It is proved that the misuse of this technique may reveal the database owner's sensitive and private information to others. Many researchers have put their effort to preserve privacy in Association Rule Mining. In this paper, we have presented the survey about the techniques and algorithms used for preserving privacy in association rule mining with horizontally partitioned database.


This paper studies the impact of incorporating wind power generation WPG on the power system on prsence of voltage source converter based high voltage DC (VSC-HVDC). A new meta-heuristic optimization technique are use for solving of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, this technique optimization namely Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO). The optimization method is the Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) method for resolve the optimal power flow (OPF) with incorporating of wind power generation on prsence of VSC-HVDC. And we used weibull distribution model of the wind farm. The ALO-OPF method has been examined and tested on standard test systems IEEE 30 bus with objective functions is minimization of cost total of production TPC are contain the sum of thermal and wind generation cost.


The concept of a hardware-in-the-loop experiment for high speed milling is introduced in this paper. The tool-workpiece interaction is virtually implemented in the experiment while the milling machine with the spindle is used as real element. In this paper, the basic components of the experiment are presented, namely, a contactless displacement sensor, a computational algorithm of the cutting force and a contactless electromagnetic actuator are discussed. Experiments on the prototype of the electromagnetic actuator are also shown to illustrate the potential of the concept. A feasibility study of the hardware-in-the-loop experiment is given, where the effect of the time delay included in the experiment is investigated. INTRODUCTION One of the most intricate phenomenon of milling is the chatter vibration, which usually leads to improper surface qual ity or ∗Address all correspondence to this author. in worst case it can also lead to the damage of the milling machine. Theoretical analyses of the models of high speed mill ing processes aim to predict both the linear stability limits of cutting and the so-called unsafe parameter domains in the linea rly stable regions where chatter may still occur with certain pr obability. The industrial applications of these theoretical r esults are still limited by the availability of extensive laboratory t ests required for the validation of the models in case of various wor king conditions and tool geometries, and also to explore the rang e of uncertainties of certain parameters. The cost of these test s could be reduced substantially by so-called hardware-in-the-lo op (HIL) experiments in which the real tool-workpiece interaction i s emulated. The reliability of HIL experiments strongly depends on the applied sampling frequency that can be used during the simul ation and emulation of the cutting forces. For example, the st ickand-slip phenomenon is deeply analyzed in [1], where the asy mmetric non-linearity of the Stribeck contact force is simil ar to that of the cutting force. It is shown in [1] that the HIL exper i1 Copyright c © 2017 by ASME FIGURE 1. THE CONCEPT OF THE HIL EXPERIMENT. ments do not provide conservative estimates if the sampling time is larger than a critical value, namely large time delay in th e loop can also stabilize the system in certain parameter ranges. The goal of this research is the development of a HIL experiments for high-speed milling processes, which can also be considered as semi-virtual machining. The machine tool str ucture together with the tool, the spindle and its bearings are there physically, while the forces generated by the cutting proce ss are calculated by real time target computer and they are emulate d by actuators. The loop is closed by means of the displacement measurement of the tool. In this paper, the concept of a HIL experiment is in focus with special attention to the bottlenecks of the semi-virtu al manufacturing concept. Linear stability charts of the real and the semi-virtual manufacturing are compared to identify the re quirements for the sampling time of the HIL test. After this, we dea l with a laser sensor and an electromagnetic actuator that are developed and tested by the research group in simple experiments. The computational algorithm of the cutting force is also presen ted. CONCEPT OF THE HIL TEST The concept of the HIL experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. Instead of having the real milling tool with its conta ct with the workpiece, a dummy tool is fixed into the main spindle . The position of this dummy tool is measured in radial directi ons at two different cross-sections. The angular position of th e tool about the rotational axis is determined by the rotational en coder of the spindle. The torsional and longitudinal vibrations o f the spindle are not considered in the experiment si ce we focus on the cases when the chatter vibration corresponds to the bend ing modes of the tool and the spindle, which are related to lower natural frequencies than the torsional, and especially lon gitudinal ones. Since the real contact of the tool and the workpiece is eliminated, the resultant cutting force (i.e. the contact f orce) has to be emulated. The cutting force is calculated by means of a real time computational algorithm using the measured posit ion of the dummy tool. In the computation algorithm complex virtual tools, workpiece geometries and material properties c an be considered. Clearly, the real contact dynamics between the tool and the workpiece is more complex than the one that can be emulated by an actuator. Due to technical reasons it is impossible to gen erate the exact distributed force system acting on the tool in case of real manufacturing, but the generation of the radial compon ent of the resultant cutting force seems to be a satisfactory sol ution from the viewpoint of checking chatter. Three essential technical problems can be emphasized in connection with the HIL experiment: the contactless displacement measurement of the rotating tool, the real time computation of the cutting force, the contactless actuation of the cutting force. Solutions are presented in the following subsections of the paper for all these problems. First of all, a theoretical study is p erformed on the linear stability of the HIL experiment. STABILITY AND CRITICAL SAMPLING TIME OF THE HIL EXPERIMENT It is a general requirement for HIL experiments that they match the emulated process in terms of dynamics and stabilit y. In case of milling, the HIL test must be able to accurately pre dict the stability of metal cutting and anticipate the loss of sta bility that leads to machine tool vibrations. While an actual millin g operation is a continuous-time process, the HIL experiment uses sampled input and output signals. Hereinafter, we analyze t he ffect of the sampling time on the stability of the emulated mil ling operation by making comparison with the actual continuoustime process. We formulate the governing equations of milling an d conduct stability analysis both with and without the effect s of sampling. The differential equation governing the dynamics of millin g processes is of the form [2–4] q̈(t)+Cmq̇(t)+Kmq(t) = W(t)(q(t − τ)−q(t)) , (1) where the left-hand side is a multiple-degrees-of-freedom model that describes the dynamic behavior of the machining system (including the spindle, the tool holder, the tool, and the workp iece). Vector q consists of the modal coordinates associated with the relative motion between tool and workpiece, whereas Cm andKm 2 Copyright c © 2017 by ASME are modal matrices related to the damping ratios and natural frequencies of the modeled vibration modes. The right-hand sid e of Eqn. (1) represents the variation of the cutting force actin g o the mill that depends on the actual tool position associated wit h q(t) and on the tool position at the previous cut related to q(t − τ). Accordingly, τ denotes the time that elapses between the subsequent cuts – it is the tooth-passing period that is inverse ly elated to the spindle speed Ω and the number N of cutting teeth: τ = 1/(NΩ). The coefficientW(t) = W(t + τ) is τ-periodic as the direction of the cutting force changes periodically and the teeth of the mill enter and exit the workpiece material repea tedly. The periodic coefficient W(t) is linearly proportional to the axial depth of cutap and depends on the number of cutting teeth, the tool geometry, the feed per tooth, and the cutting force char acteristics (see [2, 4, 5]). Note that Eqn. (1) is a delay differ ential equation with time-periodic coefficient, where τ is also called as regenerative delay. The dynamic system on the left-hand side of Eqn. (1) is physically present in the HIL experiment, whereas the cutti ng force variation on right-hand side is emulated by the contro l loop. This virtual cutting force is calculated from measured tool p sitions sampled with sampling time ∆t, and it is held constant by a zero-order-hold along each sampling period. Between the kand(k+1)-th sampling time, the(k−1)-th position dataq(tk−1) can be used as actual position (instead of q(t)) and the(k− r)-th dataq(tk−r) can be used as position at the previous cut (instead of q(t−τ)), wherek ∈N, tk = k∆t, r = int(τ/∆t). Since the dynamics of the electromagnetic actuator, which is planned to be u sed in the HIL test, is much faster than the dynamics of the system of the tool and the spindle, it is not considered in our calcul tion. Therefore, the governing equation in the case of the HIL experiment becomes q̈(t)+Cmq̇(t)+Kmq(t) = Wk (q(tk−r)−q(tk−1)), t ∈ [tk, tk+1) , (2) whereWk = ∫ tk+1 tk W(t)dt/∆t is the constant approximation of W(t) along[tk, tk+1). Note that due to the sample-and-hold unit, the right-hand side is piecewise constant, and a short time d elay appears in the governing equation in addition to the regener ativ delay as the delayed position q(tk−1) is used instead of the actual positionq(t). The additional delay arising in sampled-data systems is in fact time-periodic and varies between ∆t and 2∆t in each sampling period, see [6, 7]. Moreover, the regenerat iv delayτ in q(t − τ) is also modified and is resolved by integer ( r) multiples of the sampling period. The short delay introduced by sampling may interact with the large regenerative delay. If the sampling time is not sma ll enough, the interplay between the two delays may affect the s tability of the virtual milling process and the onset of machin e tool vibrations. In order to make sure that the sampling time 0.01 ms is sufficiently small for accurate stability prediction, we conducted stability analysis for Eqns. (1) and (2) using the sem idiscretization technique [3]. We analyzed stability for a r epresentative case study assuming a particular set of cutting pa rameters. We investigated an up-milling process with 25% radia l immersion using a straight-fluted tool with two cutting teet h. The modal matricesCm and Km were obtained from fit


13C and 1H chemical shifts of fourteen N-alkylmethylquinolinium salts in DMSO-d6 are reported, and compared with those of the eleven corresponding methylquinoline bases. The influence of ring substitution by methyl groups in the salts and substitution at the nitrogen atom and the effect of the anion are discussed.


This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on leadership styles within Australian public sector organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative methodology was employed for this research consisting of semi-structured interviews with 50 managers. The study results suggest the pandemic affected managers' leadership style, managers' and employees' emotions, stress and anxiety, and organizational performance and productivity. Changes in leadership style to incorporate being supportive, informative, and motivational to match the change in situation were found to be effective. This addresses a gap in the literature by identifying these three leadership styles as being important for employee support during the pandemic.


Aims: Bilirubin is a newly discovered modulator of the gut barrier in vitro and in vivo. We studied the effect of bilirubin on the serosal to mucosal intestinal permeability in vivo. We also investigated the prevalence of cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI) in infants with moderate hyperbilirubinemia versus matched controls.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly infectious disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. Since its first report in December 2019, COVID‐19 has evolved into a global pandemic causing massive healthcare and socioeconomic challenges. HLA system is critical in mediating anti‐viral immunity and recent studies have suggested preferential involvement of HLA‐B in COVID‐19 susceptibility. Here, by investigating the HLA‐B genotypes in 190 unrelated Chinese patients with confirmed COVID‐19, we identified a significant positive association between the B22 serotype and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (p = 0.002, Bonferroni‐corrected p = 0.032). Notably, the B22 serotype has been consistently linked to susceptibility to other viral infections. These data not only shed new insights into SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis and vaccine development but also guide better infection prevention/control.


absorbing with double the quantity of anti-G antibodies, and unequivocal positive results for parvovirus B19 IgM were then obtained. It would be unfortunate if high concentrations of parvovirus Bi 9 IgG were to mask the laboratory confirmation of acute infection with less sensitive techniques when the diagnosis was suspected clinically. With regard to the management of an outbreak of parvovirus B19 infection, we have prepared a fact sheet for professionals and an explanatory leaflet for parents which we are happy to make available.


Characterization of the Influence of a Favorable Pressure Gradient on the Basic Structure of a Mach 5.0 High Reynolds Number Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer. (August 2010) Nathan Ryan Tichenor, B.S., Texas A&M University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Rodney D.W. Bowersox High-speed high Reynolds number boundary layer flows with mechanical nonequilibrium effects have numerous practical applications; examples include access-tospace ascent, re-entry and descent, and military hypersonic systems. However, many of the basic turbulent flow processes in this regime are poorly understood and are beyond the realm of modern direct numerical simulations Previous studies have shown that curvature driven pressure gradients significantly alter the state of the turbulence in highspeed boundary layers; the turbulence levels have been shown to decrease by large amounts (up to 100%) and the Reynolds shear stress has been shown to change sign. However, most of our understanding is based on point measurement techniques such as hot-wire and Laser Doppler anemometry acquired at low to moderate supersonic Mach numbers (i.e., M = 2-3). After reviewing the available literature, the following scientific questions remain unanswered pertaining to the effect of favorable pressure gradients: (1) How is state of the mean flow and turbulence statistics altered? (2) How is the structure of wall turbulence; break-up, stretch or a combination?


This article shows the results of a qualitative study that was conducted between February to April in 2012. It comprises our work experience in three workshops with 68 poor people, mostly women, from the gender and health perspective, undertook in San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas; in order to obtain information regarding their knowledge about the Human Papilloma Virus and its link to cervical cancer. As a result, we were able to contrast that the biomedical information about cervical cancer prevention practices and the actual prevention practices by the population differ substantially; since they consider more important to talk about sexual practices with their partner than protected sex or to have a pap test. Early detection campaigns are not considering these realities in its prevention programs.


Privacy and security are essential requirements in practical biometric systems. In order to prevent the theft of biometric patterns, it is desired to modify them through revocable and non invertible transformations called Cancelable Biometrics. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for generating a Cancelable Iris Biometric based on Sectored Random Projections. Our algorithm can generate a new pattern if the existing one is stolen, retain the original recognition performance and prevent extraction of useful information from the transformed patterns. Our method also addresses some of the drawbacks of existing techniques and is robust to degradations due to eyelids and eyelashes.


Objective To investigate the inhibiting platelet activation effect of Naotaifang. Methods The rotating glass ball test to evaluate the platelet adhesion rate; The turbidimetry to evaluate The adenosine diphosphate( ADP),collagen( COL) and arachidonic acid( ACA) induced maximum platelet aggregation rate; The vitro- thrombus to evaluate the effect of Naotaifang to thrombosis. Results In the rotating glass ball test,platelet adhesion rate in Naotaifang group were significantly lower than those of positive control group; In the turbidimetry test,the maximum platelet Aggregation rates in Naotaifang group were significantly lower than those of positive control group; In the vitro- thrombus test,the length of thrombus in Naotaifang group were significantly shorter than those of positive control group; the wet- weight and dry- weight of thrombus in Naotaifan group were significantly lighter than those of positive control group. Conclusion These results suggest that Anti- platelet activation and Anti- thrombotic maybe one of the mechanisms of Naotaifang prevention and treatment cerebral infarction.


Cable yarding, the preferred method of steep terrain harvesting in New Zealand, is characterised by lower productivity and higher cost than ground-based harvesting. Cable yarding also has higher levels of manual labour undertaking hazardous tasks such as tree felling or breaking out (setting chokers), with corresponding higher safety risks. Using groundbased machinery instead of manual labour has the potential to decrease harvest costs and improve safety (Bell 2002; Raymond 2010).


L. E. J. Brouwer introduced some intuitionistic principles in his study of intuitionistic analysis. They cannot be proved in the intuitionistic second order arithmetic. Moreover some o them are incompatible with the classical mathematics when they are interpreted in the classical sense. But it has been shown, that the derived rules which correspond to some of Brouwer's principles are valid or various intuitionistic systems (e.g. [1], [2]). ) The purpose o this note is to announcethe resultthatthe derived rules which correspond to Brouwer's principles are valid or the intuitionistic second order arithmetic. Details will be published elsewhere. The author would like to thank Professor Troelstra or his helpul suggestion. Let S be the formal system of intuitionistic second order arithmetic with equality (i.e. HAS o [1]). In this system one can define the notions of unctions 3nd real numbers in the sense of Cauchy sequence of rational numbers. We use f, g, h, as the variables for functions from natural numbers to natural numbers, and use x, y, z, m, n,... as the variables or natural numbers. A,B,... stand or ormulae o S. f(x), (h f), f(g), f(g), (h f), and f_g will be used in the following sense"


The Center for Death and Society in Bath (UK) has announced their 2012 conference theme: ''Dying in the Digital Age.'' According to the their newsletter, they have issued a call for papers that look at digital technologies that enhance the social well-being of those nearing the end of life. Topics can include, but are not limited to, the modeling, development, or use of technologies that promote social inclusion, blogs, social networking, health and social care technologies, narrative analysis, and so on. The aim is to bring together the fragmented research and knowledge in this area (http://www.bath.ac.uk/cdas/news/conferences/index. html#cdas2012). Twenty-minute papers are invited from computer scientists, system engineers, formal modelers, HCI specialists; social scientists and death studies researchers; scholars of culture, media, and literature; health and care professionals; software developers and entrepreneurs; and those themselves nearing the end of their life. Abstracts (up to 250 words) should be e-mailed to firstname.lastname@example.com by March 12, 2012. Looking for ''unique'' options for the final disposition of cremated remains? Two unusual opportunities have recently come to the attention of the editor. According to the ''About Us'' section of the website for the company named ''Holy Smoke,'' this company started by two state law enforcement officers has created a cost effective, ecofriendly way to celebrate the life of an outdoors person. The founders of this company note an added benefit for the deceased of having ''the peace of mind that you can continue Death Studies, 36: 195–197, 2012 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0748-1187 print=1091-7683 online DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2012.638512


The objectives which the Father of the Nation "Gandhijee" had set for khadi work, by and large, continue to be relevant even now. Khadi continues to be the main source of employment for the spinners and weavers throughout this country because they could not get an alternate source of employment at their door-steps. In this paper, we investigate the performance of "KHADI" in economic growth and economic development of India from 2007 to 2014 in terms of production of khadi textile, sales of khadi textile, employment generated by khadi textile industry and earnings generated by khadi textile industry for the khadi workers. An explorative as well as descriptive research methodology is used to get the data related to these aspects. The correlation analysis shows a very strong relationship between the selected variables.


elektronik özelliğinde olabilecek olabilmektedir. olarak kullanılan optimizasyonunda önemlidir. görüntü çeviriciye uygulanan gösterdiği yüzeyinde ABSTRACT The IR photodetector instabilities in a single gap gas discharge IR image converter system with ionization type have been explored experimentally under the Townsend and glow discharge modes. In such systems under gas discharge conditions, any changes in the electrical feature of the cathode can yield to an undesired situation and there can be spatio-temporal instabilities in the system. The determination of these instabilities in an ionization type IR image converter device is vital to realize the optimization of the system. According to our experimental results, it has been found that current indicates fluctuations for the applied voltage of the image converter beyond 1500 V and these instabilities cause some deformations on the large surface of GaAs semiconductor.


This code of practice on safety and health in underground coalmines reflects the many changes in the industry and its workforce, as well as new developments in occupational safety and health policies and ILO instruments on occupational safety and health. A leaner, multi-skilled workforce, new technology and less prescriptive, more systems-oriented approach to addressing safety and health are also reflected in this code.

The code sets out a national framework that specifies the roles of the competent authorities, employers, workers and their organizations. It also comprises a methodology for identifying hazards, preventing and minimizing risks, as well as specific provisions for safe underground coalmining operations.

These specific provisions address most of the currently identified hazards and risks associated with underground coalmining. When used in conjunction with the code's methodology for hazard identification, risk assessment and control process, these provisions represent current best practice. As the same time, the code is drafted in a way not to inhibit the development of new technologies, better practice or the adoption of alternative measures that provide effective protection to all persons involved in underground coalmining.


One of the most popular materials used for restorations in dentistry are the resin-based composites reinforced by ceramic particles. In contrary to amalgam, the composites are mercuryfree, do not require special cavity shaping and are esthetical. Photo-cured composites are one of the types of the resin-based composites. Typical features of the photo-polymerization process are: high speed of the polymerization, room temperature process, and limitation of the polymerization depth due to light absorption. Typical polymerization time of the photo-cured composite is 20 seconds for 2 mm thick layer. Fillings are made layer by layer. One of the main disadvantages of these materials is volumetric shrinkage that occurs during polymerization. It results in high residual stress in tooth and restoration, which can cause gaps between the tooth tissue and the filling. It may leads to microleakage and tooth decay. To ensure strong bonding between the tooth tissue and the composite restoration, bonding agents are used. The bonding agent is a photo-cured polymer with small viscosity. This material creates thin, approximately 0.01 mm layer on the tooth tissue and penetrates into it, and this creates kind of mechanical bonding. Adhesives bond with composite restoration chemically. For modern systems the bonding strength is 15 – 35 MPa [1]. Experiments reveal that the bonding strength of adhesives depends of cavity preparation before coating it with bonding agent. Existing of thin layer of bonding agent causes stresses reduction between composite filling and tooth tissue [2]. Most recently the effect of bonding agent is assumed to be negligible. Ausiello and coauthors had modeled the tooth under load with adhesive layer modeled with springs [3]. The tooth filling was assumed to be strain free, without polymerization shrinkage and residual stress. Clinical practice reveals that shape of layers and method of layering are important [4]. In this study restoration of Class I is modeled with existing adhesive layer. Different shapes of composite layers and its influence on stress distribution in dental filling are taken into account.


University management puts more emphasis on administrative authority and system than emotional factors and humanistic care,thus dampening the enthusiasm of staff and leading to many negative factors.It is recommended that the university management should follow the people-oriented management style.This paper discusses about the value of focusing on people,respecting people,caring for people,understanding people and inspiring people.


This paper aims to explore the mRNA expression changes of Th1 transcription factors IRF,STAT4 and Th2 transcription factors GATA3,CCR4 in the peripheral blood leukocyte of the exercise induced immune imbalance rat.By using the technique of real-time quantified PCR to observe the mRNA expression of IRF,STAT4 and GATA3,CCR4 in the peripheral blood leukocyte during the establishment of the exercise induced immune imbalance model.The result showed that IRF/GATA3,STAT4/GATA3,STAT4/CCR4 decreased,in which STAT4/CCR4 decreased significantly(P0.05).Meanwhile IRF/CCR4 had an upward trend.It concludes that the transcription factors IRF,STAT4,GATA3 and CCR4 play an important role in the exercise induced immune imbalance,moreover STAT4/GATA3 has the highest sensitivity,which can be used as a target gene in further study on the mechanism of exercise induced immune imbalance.


Applying the concept of SDN to WiFi networks is challenging, since wireless networks feature many peculiarities and knobs that often do not exist in wired networks: obviously, WiFi communicates over a shared medium, with all its implications, e.g., higher packet loss and hidden or exposed terminals. Moreover, wireless links can be operated in a number of different regimes, e.g., transmission rate and power settings can be adjusted, RTS/CTS mechanisms can be used. Indeed, due to the non-stationary characteristic of the wireless channel, permanently adjusting settings such as transmission rate and power is crucial for the performance of WiFi networks and brings significant benefits in the service quality, e.g., through reducing the packet loss probability. Today's rate and power control is mainly done on the WiFi device itself. But it is rarely optimized to the application-layer demands and their diverse traffic requirements, e.g., their individual sensitivity to packet loss or jitter. Therefore, if SDN for wireless can provide mechanisms to control the WiFi-specific transmission settings on a per-slice, per-client, and per-flow level, traffic and application-aware optimizations are feasible. This however requires that controllers frequently collect link characteristics and, accordingly, adjust transmission settings in a timely manner. As a reference, the standard rate control mechanism in the Linux kernel adjusts the transmission rate on a wireless link based on transmission success probability statistics every 100 ms. Leaving rate control (and power control accordingly) to a centralized controller comes with a risk of overloading the control plane, or of adding too much latency, while there is limited benefit in maintaining these statistics globally. For instance, the coherence time (also a function of the client mobility) can easily exceed the expected time of the successful transmission of multiple data frames [2], rendering optimized control difficult. In this paper, we suggest a 2-tiered approach for the design of a wireless SDN control plane. Our design, called AeroFlux, handles frequent, localized events close to where they originate, i.e., close to the data plane, by relying on NearSighted Controllers (NSC) [3, 4, 7]. Global events, which require a broader picture of the network's state, are handled by the Global Controller (GC). More specifically, GC takes care of network functions that require global visibility, such as mobility management and load balancing, whereas NSCs control per-client or per-flow transmission settings such as rate and power based on transmission status feedback information exported by the Access Points (AP), which include the rates for best throughput and best transmission probability. Put differently, we enable the global controller to offload latency-critical or high-load tasks from the tier-1 control plane to the NSCs. This reduces the load on the GC and lowers the latency of critical control plane operations. As a result, with AeroFlux, we realize a scalable wireless SDN architecture which can support large enterprise and carrier WiFi deployments with low-latency programmatic control of fine-grained WiFi-specific transmission settings. The AeroFlux design introduces a set of new trade-offs and optimization opportunities which allow for advancements in the use of the shared wireless medium, and, as a result, in the user's quality of experience. For instance, our prototype's perflow control allows application-aware service differentiation by prioritizing multimedia streams (§2). Another key feature of AeroFlux is that it does not require modifications to today's hardware and works on top of commodity WiFi equipment. 1 The AeroFlux Architecture AeroFlux uses a 2-tiered control plane: the Global Control plane GC and the Near-Sighted Control plane NSC. Figure 1 depicts the high level interactions of the architecture's building blocks. The GC is logically centralized, e.g., a set of redundant controllers deployed in data centers, whereas the NSCs are located closer to where they are needed, e.g., close to the wireless APs. On the APs runs a Radio Agent (RA), which hosts the Light Virtual Access Points (LVAPs) [6] that abstract the specifics of the 802.11 protocol, such as association and authentication state. Furthermore, LVAPs store per-client OpenFlow and WiFi Datapath Transmission (WDTX) rules. In the following, we describe the different elements in more detail. Global Controller (GC): The global controller handles events which are not time-critical [7] or events belonging to inherently global tasks [4]. Examples include: authentication, wide-area mobility management, global policy verification (including loop-free forwarding sets), client load balancing, and applications for intrusion detection or network monitoring. In addition, the global controller is best suited to man-


3 Overview 3 Purpose and Scope 3 Introduction 3 Infrastructure 7 Setting up and Configuring Local Disks 9 FileNet Image Service and SQL Server Preinstallation Requirements 13 Installing FileNet Image Services Software 17 Completing the Installation 25 Configuring the MSAR Storage Library 26 Managing Image Services Data 28 Integration of Image Services Connector for SnapLock 28 Conclusions 29 Caveats 29 References 29


In this competitivebinding assay to measure endogenous binding capacity for cyclosporine (GsA) in erythrocyte lysates, a fixed amount of [3H]C5A plus various concentrations of unlabeled CsA is incubated with aliquots of a test hemolysate. Free CsA is then adsorbedontocharcoaland removed by centrifugation;CsA complexed with a cyclosponne-binding protein (CsBP) remains in the supernate. We confirmed the validity of this charcoal-separation mode of binding analysis by comparison with equilibrium dialysis. Scatchard plotanalysisof the resultsat 4 #{176}C yielded a straightlinewith slopecorrespondingto a bindingconstantof 1.9 x 17 L/mol and a saturationcapacityof approximately4 p.molper literof packederythrocytes.Similaranalysisof bindingdata at 24 #{176}C and 37#{176}C showed that the binding constant decreased with increasingtemperature, but the saturationcapacity did not change. CsBP was notmembraneboundbutappearedto be freely distributed within erythrocytes. 1251-labeledGsAdid not complex with the erythrocyteCsBP. Several antibioticsand other drugs did not inhibit binding between GsA and CsBP. These findingsmay explain the temperature-dependentuptake of CsA by erythrocytes in whole blood and suggest that measurement of CsBP in erythrocytesor lymphocytesmay help predict therapeutic response or toxicity after administration of CsA.


Erbium was implanted with 160 keV at doses between 5×1014 and 5×1015 at/cm2 into (0001) epitaxial GaN on sapphire and annealed at various temperatures between 600° and 1000° C. The RBS/Channeling technique was used to analyze the damage recovery during different annealing steps and to determine the lattice location of the implanted Er. For a sample implanted with 5×1014 and annealed for 30 min at 600° C a complete overlap of the Er and Ga angular scans across the axis was observed, indicating that 100% of Er occupies substitutional sites. Measurements along the <10 $$\overline 1 $$
 1> channel show that Er is located on Ga sites. The damage recovery was slightly better for the samples co-implanted with the same dose of Oxygen in an overlapping profile (E=25 keV). However, a complete recovery of the damage caused by the implantation was not achieved. Samples implanted with higher Er and O doses (5×1015 at/cm2 ) and at the same energies as above were annealed at 600° for 30 min and at 900°, 1000° C for 120 s using a proximity cap. The higher dose caused an almost complete amorphisation of the surface layer. After annealing indications of epitaxial regrowth were observed, however, the substitutional fraction remains substantially lower and the damage recovery is less complete.


The present invention discloses a kind of intelligent lock, comprising a lock body and a smart key fob, and the processing chip is provided with a first cylinder connected thereto on the smart lock, the first communication chip and two are near the door and the inner door outside the sonic receivers; provided with a second communication chip and the second chip and the sonic transmitter connected thereto on a key fob; after the first communication chip and a second communication chip automatic communication connection, the chip sends status information to the second processing chip, triggering its sending a control command; second chip receive and verify the control command, and in turn verify correct acoustic wave receiver, and notifies the second opening sonic transmitter chip; first chip collecting and comparing the acoustic wave received by the receiver of acoustic intensity to determine the location of the fob when located outside of the door, only to control the cylinder open, preventing the user from the lock in the room by mistake, to improve security. The present invention also discloses a method of using the intelligent lock.


Landslides are a widespread natural hazard that threatens the built and natural environment and increases the areas of deforestation. Landslides have an impact on human life, the impact can be reduced by reducing the risk of landslides, reducing the risk of landslides aims to reduce the number of people affected, deaths and economic losses. Forests and vegetation can provide a protective function against landslides consisting of hydrological and soil conditions, such as soil moisture, water infiltration, and others. This ability of vegetation is called nature based solutions. The 46 studies selected for this landslide nature-based solution were analyzed with a focus on an in-depth literature review. The articles were analyzed with three focus reviews, namely: 1) types of landslides, 2) solutions regarding landslide mitigation, and 3) landslide risks. The types of landslides discussed in this article are 73% shallow landslide types, 22% landslide types rotation and 5% flow landslide type. The risk in this article regarding hazards/threats is discussed at 57%, exposure around 21% and vulnerability around 22%. Landslide risk reduction solutions in the articles reviewed, as many as 44% discussed nature-based solutions, 30% about other solutions, and 30% there were no solutions in reducing landslide risk. In the publication of 46 articles, nature-based solution approaches that are widely mentioned are environmental engineering, soil bioengineering and protected forests. The nature-based solution in this research shows that vegetation is the main solution in disaster mitigation measures.


A numerical method for obtaining the frequency-dependent noise temperature in monolayer graphene is presented. From the mobility and diffusion coefficient values provided by Monte Carlo simulation, the noise temperature in graphene is studied up to the THz range, considering also the influence of different substrate types. The influence of the applied electric field is investigated: the noise temperature is found to increase with the applied field, dropping down at high frequencies (in the sub-THz range). The results show that the low-frequency value of the noise temperature in graphene on a substrate tends to be reduced as compared to the case of suspended graphene due to the important effect of remote polar phonon interactions, thus indicating a reduced emitted noise power; however, at very high frequencies the influence of the substrate tends to be significantly reduced, and the differences between the suspended and on-substrate cases tend to be minimized. The values obtained are comparable to those observed in GaAs and semiconductor nitrides.


Illustrations Preface and Acknowledgments The History of Assessment Constructing a Preliminary Item Bank A Primer on Latent Trait Theory Norm-Referenced Assessments Item Response Theory Criterion-Referenced Assessments Comparisons Using Assessment Results Measurement in Transition Principles of Developmental Learning Fundamentals of Developmental Learning Theory Appendix A: An Instrument for Studying Developmental Dynamics Bibliography Name Index Subject Index


The article is devoted to ontological issues and poetic style of work «War and Peace» by L.N. Tolstoy. The philosophic dialogue of the main heroes in Bogucharovo is interpreted as a parable. Parable poetry evidences author's quest for universal genre capable to embody the idea of fullness of existence. Parable implies more complex understanding of the work genre.


In this article we focus on today's worldwide energy system, a fundamentally illogical and unsustainable system. Today, 85% of the world wide energy system depends on carbon-based fossil fuels. We develop a holistic method to analyze mankind's use of energy in a broad way and to design optimized, normative energy scenarios that conform to important scientific principles. The procedure is based on an abstraction process and helps to overcome thinking barriers and prejudice. The proposed method is applied to a general analysis of energy and to a simplified normative energy scenario for the United States in 2060. Important technologies for the implementation are evaluated in a bottom-up analysis. Since research endeavors and policies affect free-market decisions within the energy system, the developed method aims at guiding researchers and politicians to embark on strategies toward sustainable and scientifically optimized energy concepts for the future.


In this chapter, I argue that futurates are best understood by means of a causal chain analysis in which the plan directly causes the eventuality described by the sentence. This proposal is shown to successfully account for two properties that make futurates different from futures: the fact that not all preparatory events can be plans, and the fact that futurates, but not futures, have a presupposition of plannability.


Water hydraulic systems use water instead of oil as a pressure medium,so well keeping the water quality for long time is the foundation of making water hydraulic system run reliably.The differences between the requirements for tap water and those for water in water hydraulics were contrasted.With the help of water treatment technique,the potentially bad influence of water on water hydraulic system and the corresponding solutions were discussed in the aspects of impurity,erode,sediment,microbe and system cleaning.A recommended water quality parameter was given for water hydraulics and an example on how to clean a water hydraulic system periodically was described.


Aim: The burden of early-onset dementia (EOD) is often overshadowed by an ageing population. Methods: A questionnaire comprising 12 items was completed by 18 patients with EOD (15 with Alzheimer's disease [AD] and 3 with frontotemporal dementia) and 39 caregivers (20 spouses, 8 children, 7 siblings, 2 carers, and 2 health professionals). The onset of patients' symptoms was prior to the age of 65 years. Caregivers had to be supporting someone who matched these criteria. Results: Early recognition and referral was perceived as the principle area of improvement by both patients (94.4%) and carers (69.2%; P < .0002). Patients evaluated "diagnosis" as the area of most need (88.9%) compared with caregivers who rated "treatment" (69.2%) as their principle concern. Conclusion: The perceived concerns of patients with EOD differ from that of the caregivers. Continued consumer involvement is essential in ensuring a tailored approach to young people with dementia.


PURPOSE: An external display for an application specific integrated circuit is provided to display an output of an application specific integrated circuit by additionally installing a simple element such as resistors and 3 state buffer in the application specific integrated circuit. CONSTITUTION: An output of an application specific integrated circuit displays to a display the outside. An inverter(INV) inverses a signal outputting to the application specific integrated circuit. A buffers(BUF1-BUFn) selectively output the signal by means of enabling signals(EN1-ENn) from the application specific integrated circuit. A resistors(R11-Rn1) are connected in parallel with the buffers(BUF1-BUFn). A resists(R12-Rn2) are connected at between the connecting point of outputting terminal the buffers(BUF1-BUFn) and an outputting terminal, respectively. Converting parts output the signal(OUT1-OUTn) of an outputting terminal, which is additionally comprised in the inside of the application specific integrated circuit. A converting part(20) consists of an inverter(IN) and a display part.


Abstract—The possible involvement of the local angiotensin system in ganglionic functions was investigated in the canine cardiac sympathetic ganglia. Positive chronotropic responses to preganglionic stellate stimulation at high frequencies, after intravenous administration of pentolinium plus atropine, were inhibited by the nonpeptide angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist forasartan or the angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, whereas the rate increases elicited by the postganglionic stellate stimulation and norepinephrine given intravenously failed to be inhibited by these antagonists. The levels of endogenous immunoreactive angiotensin II, as determined by radioimmunoassay in the incubation medium of the stellate and inferior cervical ganglia, were increased after the high-frequency preganglionic stimulation of the isolated ganglia. The increment of the peptide was also antagonized by the pretreatment with captopril but not by a chymase inhibitor, chymostatin. The expression of angiotensino...


The Japanese population is aging at an accelerated rate, with
people aged 65 and over encompassing nearly 25% of the total
population [1]. One of the gastrointestinal symptoms
characteristic of the elderly is abnormal bowel movements such
as constipation, and there is no organic disease in the lower
gastrointestinal tract. According to the statistics released by the
Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, the number of patients
complaining about constipation increases rapidly after the age of
70 [2]. Abnormal bowel movements are always accompanied by
abdominal discomfort and lead to a decreased Quality of Life
(QOL) [3] as well as deterioration of nutritional status, especially
in elderly people, due to decreased appetite and motivation.


Software Engineering field has many goals, among them we can certainly
deal with monitoring and controlling the development process in order to meet
the business requirements of the released software artifact. Software engineers
need to have empirical evidence that the development process and the overall
quality of software artifacts is converging to the required features. Improving
the development process's Effectiveness leads to higher productivity, meaning
shorter time to market, but understanding or even measuring the software de-
velopment process is an hard challenge. Modern software is the result of a
complex process involving many stakeholders such as product owners, quality
assurance teams, project manager and, above all, developers. All these stake-
holders use complex software systems for managing development process, issue
tracking, code versioning, release scheduling and many other aspect concerning
software development. Tools for project management and issues/bugs tracking
are becoming useful for governing the development process of Open Source soft-
ware. Such tools simplify the communications process among developers and
ensure the scalability of a project. The more information developers are able to
exchange, the clearer are the goals, and the higher is the number of developers
keen on joining and actively collaborating on a project.
By analyzing data stored in such systems, researchers are able to study and
address questions such as: Which are the factors able to impact the software
productivity? Is it possible to improve software productivity shortening the
time to market?.
The present work addresses two major aspect of software development pro-
cess: Effectiveness and Affectiveness. By analyzing data stored in project man-
agement and in issue tracking system of Open Source Communities, we mea-
sured the Effectiveness as the time required to resolve an issue and analyzed
factors able to impact it.


The relevance of the research is due to the fact that there is a lack of scientific knowledge in determining the development potential of the Chuvash Republic electrical engineering industry, which will help to form a clearer view of the performance of electrical engineering industry enterprises as participants in regional innovation processes. The purpose of this article is to assess the development potential of the regional electrical engineering industry. The leading approach to the research is an integrated one, and the method is a statistical and economic one, which allows to give a comprehensive description of the electrical engineering industry development in modern conditions. As a result of the analysis, we can state that we have assessed and substantiated the development potential of the region's electrical engineering industry: the advanced enterprises of Chuvash Republic electrical engineering cluster created a reserve expressed in the use of modern technological processes and international quality management standards in industries, however, a certain portion of opportunities is in the form of maximizing the implementation of human capital abilities, shaping the economy knowledge, is still not finding proper application, waiting for arrangements allowing it to realize the development potential of the industry.


This study investigated the nature of the relationship between attitudinal, behavioral, and demographic variables and the self‐reported interactions of university students with elderly individuals. The Multiple Correlation‐Regression analysis sought to isolate the most powerful independent variables that would explain interactions with elderly individuals. Variables under consideration included sex, race, geographical location of hometown, socioeconomic status of parents, quality of elderly interactions, quality of grandparent interactions, personal normative beliefs, social normative beliefs, behavioral intentions, attitudes, and knowledge of the elderly. It was concluded that the variables of sex, quality of interaction with grandparents, personal normative beliefs, social normative beliefs, and knowledge contributed a significant (p < .05) proportion of the variation within the independent variable, interaction with elderly individuals. Females reported significantly higher interactions. As quality of ...


In this paper, the pivot role of permanent-magnet pole in the electromagnetic and mechanical transfer process of the vibration in PMDC motor is clarified, and the transfer function is established to describe the transfer process of electromagnetic force from the bottom of the magnetic pole to the stator yoke. The expression of radial electromagnetic force in air-gap is analytically calculated, the characteristics of harmonic components are obtained, and the reason why high order force density produces low order concentrated force and bending moment is explained. Based on the characteristics of harmonics, the relationship between the polar arc coefficient and concentrated force or bending moment is explained. Finally, the key role of magnetic poles in the vibration transmission of PMDC motor is summarized.


Conventional wearable robots comprised of rigid joints and links are very limited in providing proper assistance for people in need on a daily basis. Commonly used actuators and sensors make it challenging for researchers and engineers to design compact and lightweight wearable systems which would be truly mobile and non-restrictive for the wearer. In our work, we are focused on developing lightweight compliant actuators and implementation of novel actuation principles that can eliminate the use of rigid structures. We have been working on design of elbow and upper-limb exoskeletons based on cable-driven and twisted string actuators, and a prototype of such device is currently at its experimental verification stage. We would like to share our experience and point of view with clinicians, therapists and fellow engineers in order to develop practical lightweight and mobile assistive systems.


This research presents a rough set and back propagation neural network based scheme for rolling bearings fault diagnosis. The scheme is designed to classify the fault type. Experiments results indicate that rough set is helpful to reduce dimensionality, discard deceptive features and extract an optimal subset from the raw feature set, and the proposed rough sets combined with BP neural network (RNN) classifier can identify roller bearing fault patterns effectively.


The analysis begins by comparing appreciation in more urbanized states against price growth in more rural states. State population densities are used as a measure of urbanization in this case. Later analyses then look within each state and compare appreciation in rural areas with price growth in urban locales. For this work, rural homes are defined as those that are not in a Metropolitan Statistical Area. Using this definition, two states (New Jersey and Rhode Island) and the District of Columbia do not have any "rural" homes. Three other states, Alaska, Massachusetts, and North Dakota, are also omitted from such analysis due to small sample sizes for "rural" homes.


That the present assigned time of Optical network is longer than the expected exchange rate and its assigned bandwidth is static results in that the traditional optical network cannot assign resources on the basis of the type of data services and the topology of the Internet.To solve the problem,this paper does a general research on the control plane of ASON and also policy analysis on its key points.


ABSTRACT This article reports a fundamental numerical study made to understand the effects of aspect ratio and thermal radiation in a porous cavity filled with nanofluid. The vertical walls of the cavity are insulated while the bottom and top horizontal walls are maintained at constant but different temperatures. The governing equations are solved by using a finite volume method (FVM) on a uniformly staggered grid system. The effects of the pertinent parameters, namely, Richardson number, aspect ratio, radiation parameter, Darcy number, and solid volume fraction are investigated in detail. The computational results are presented in the form of isotherm, streamline, midplane velocity, and Nusselt numbers. The effects of solid volume fraction and thermal radiation are not significant for and 0.5. In general, the results indicate that the convective mechanism is suppressed by radiation, which causes a reduction in the overall heat transfer rate. It is also found that the overall heat transfer rate increases with an increase of Darcy number and solid volume fraction in the presence of thermal radiation effect.


When the special Collections Department at Georgia State University (GSU) discovered instantaneous disc sound recordings in acquisitions relating to the GSU Popular Music Collection, the archivists on the staff were unprepared to properly identify and preserve such materials. After searching for relevant literature and technical assistance for several years, the archivists at GSU eventually learned how to properly care for the recordings, developed procedures for producing archival preservation copies, and located a laboratory to handle the re-recording process. The author comments on the need for archivists to become more knowledgeable about sound recording technology and offers recommendations to improve the care of sound recordings in archives. Nearly ten years ago, the Special Collections Department at Georgia State University (GSU) embarked on an adventure. It did not intend to have an adventure, and at times the staff would have chosen other terms to describe the experience. Nightmare, for example, comes to mind, and staff members occasionally felt like the victims of an archival curse. Nevertheless, when the Special Collections Department accepted the task of building a research collection of American popular music materials, including sound recordings in obsolete formats, it also accepted an adventure. Although the experience has been immensely frustrating at times, it has also produced exhilaration and triumph, as the staff conquered one obstacle after another to bring rare and valuable archival recordings back to life. The adventure began in 1981, when the Special Collections Department accepted the papers of Johnny Mercer, one of America's most prominent popular songwriters and lyricists. Mercer, a native of Savannah, Georgia, was one of the leading lyricists in Hollywood from the 1930s virtually until his death in 1976. He worked with most of the major popular composers of his day, including Jerome Kern, Richard Rodgers, Harold Arlen, Hoagy Carmichael, and, more recently, Henry Mancini, Andre Previn, and Marvin Hamlisch. Mercer wrote lyrics for such tunes as "Hooray for Hollywood," "Moon River," "Days of Wine and Roses," "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby," "Tangerine," "Blues in the Night," "That Old Black Magic," and "Jeepers Creepers," and for productions such as Li'l Abner and the film musical Seven Brides for Seven This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 05:30:00 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 12 THE MIDWESTERN ARCHIVIST Vol. XVI, No.1, 1991 Brothers. Over the course of his prolific career, eighteen of his songs received Academy Award nominations, and four won Oscars. In addition to writing songs, Mercer was a popular and active performer and recording artist, working, over the years, with the Benny Goodman and Paul Whiteman bands, appearing on radio broadcasts, and recording songs written by himself and others. He was also one of the three co-founders of Capitol Records, which became one of the top U.S. record companies soon after its founding in 1942. In short, Mercer was an active, influential figure in the development of American popular music and the music industry. GSU recognized that the Mercer Papers represented an important research resource, and in 1982 the Special Collections Department hired a music archivist to oversee work on the collection. Although one might expect the personal papers of a prolific songwriter to be bursting with sound recordings, the original shipment of "Mercer Papers" to the university actually contained very few. At first glance, most of the recordings that did accompany the papers looked like ordinary 78 rpm and 33-1/3 rpm discs. But a closer look showed that several of them were very different. Their edges were blue and their surfaces had a strange, translucent look. They also had hand-typed labels and when staff members looked into the spindle holes they saw that the records appeared to be made of a metal inner layer coated on the outside with blue-black plastic. At the time, no one on the staff had ever seen a recording like this. Eventually it was discovered that the recordings were called instantaneous discs, also known as acetates or lacquers. They were commonly used in the broadcasting, music, and film industries, especially from the 1930s through the 1950s (although they remained in use, for some purposes, through the 1970s). The discs were made of a base material, aluminum in this particular case, coated with soft plastic, often nitro-cellulose or cellulose acetate. Recordings were made by placing blank discs on a special turntable (or cutting lathe), where a cutting stylus carved grooves directly into the surface. Such discs were not mass-produced, and each was likely to be a unique recording, possibly the only one of its kind in the world. They were often used for pre-recorded radio broadcasts, for off-the-air recordings, and for making "demo" discs exchanged by songwriters and recording artists. The recordings were not intended for repeated playback. According to the little information the archivists at GSU were able to find, the discs should not be played, at least not repeatedly, for fear of wearing down the soft grooves and degrading the sound quality. To be used (either by staff or by researchers) they needed to be transferred to magnetic tape. When the nature of the recordings was discovered, the archivists' initial reaction was relief that they had not received more of them. The staff was not sure what was recorded on the discs, they were not supposed to play them, and worst of all their only preservation option was magnetic tape, a medium not noted for its archival properties. Because it was unclear at that time whether these particular recordings were relevant to the Mercer collection, the discs were temporarily set aside while the staff sought more information. Intriguing as the recordings were, the archivists sometimes hoped that they would turn out to be marginal materials that could be discarded and forgotten. Naturally, the solution was not


An industrial tomographic apparatus using a gamma-ray source is provided to easily inspect a test material by rotating an optical system part right and left and increase the penetrating power using the high energy gamma-ray source. An industrial tomographic apparatus using a gamma-ray source comprises an optical system part and a driving part(300). The optical system part comprises an annular rotator(250), a gamma-ray source sighting part, and a radiation detector(230). The rotator is inserted into a test object. The rotator rotates right and left. The gamma-ray source sighting part is combined in the rotator. The radiation detector is formed to be faced in the gamma-ray source sighting part. The driving part is installed at the outer side of the optical system part. The driving part moves the optical system part to top and bottom.


Up to now,the natural environment ecological protection has attracted a large degree of attention,but for cultural ecological protection,its significance and measures is still unknown,especially in national regions.Culture is the distinguish among national regions,is the soul of tourism development and the main tourist attraction.In the national region,for one hand,we should dig its unique cultural connotation as far as possible,and abstract culture into understood,accepted way.For the other hand,we should pay attention to protect cultural ecology.Only to protect the ecological culture,so as to provide inexhaustible motive force for the national heritage and tourism development.


The novel complex di-n-butyltin(Ⅳ) 2-oxo-propionic acid (4-pyridinecarbonyl) hydrazone, (n-CH9)2Sn[O2CC(CH3)=N-N=C(-O)C5H4N-4]·(H2O) has been synthesized and its structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group Pca21. Crystal data: a=2.7540(9) nm, b=0.9676(3) nm, c=1.5750(5) nm, V=4.197(2)nm^3, Dc=1.444g/cm^3, Z=8,μ=1.241mm^-1,F(000) =1856, R1 =0.0462 and wR2=0.1001. In the crystals of the title complex, the tin atom is in six-coordination with a distorted octahedral geometry, three oxygen atoms [O(1), O(3) and O(4)] and one nitrogen atom N(1) forming the equatorial plane and C(10)-Sn(1)-C(14) being the axis. Two molecules form a dimer with weak interactionsof Sn...O bonding and hydrogen bonds.


The conventional Equipment Environment Qualification (EEQ) envelope is developed based on the containment responses during the design basis events. The Safety Depressurization System (SDS) design without In-containment Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST) adopted in the Ulchin 3&4 challenges the conventional EEQ envelope during long term Feed and Bleed (F&B) operation due to the direct discharge of high mass and energy into the containment. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm that the containment pressure and temperature history during the long term F&B operation does not violate the conventional EEQ envelope. However, this subject has never been quantitatively assessed before. To investigate the success path of long term F&B operation this paper analyzes the thermal hydraulic response of the containment and Reactor Coolant System (RCS) until the completion of depressurization and cooldown of RCS into Shutdown Cooling System (SCS) entry condition. It is found that the SCS entry condition can be reached within 6 hours without violating the EEQ curve by proper operation of SDS valves, High Pressure Safety Injection (HPSI) pumps and active Containment Heat Removal System (CHRS). The suggested strategy not only demonstrates the feasibility of long term F&B operation but also can be utilized in the preparation of Emergency Procedure Guidelines (EPGs)


The regulatory authorities are now focusing on the regulatory issues of traditional medicines under which Unani system of medicine falls. Today we are witnessing an increase in the use of traditional medicines throughout the world raising the questions as to how safe these preparations are. People are now bending towards the Unani system of medicine because of its safety, efficacy and lesser side effects and hence raising the popularity of the Unani system of medicine. The major problem associated with Unani system of medicine is the lack of regulatory issues that ultimately leads to counterfeiting of Unani medicines. In the present article an endeavour has been made to present an overview of Unani system of medicine with special attention towards the Unani Cosmeceuticals products. This article intends to contribute towards the regulatory knowledge by giving a survey of published information regarding the regulations of the Unani Cosmeceuticals products. This article also focuses on the good manufacturing practices along with the standards for Unani Cosmeceuticals drug contents. This present article also deals with the measures to be adopted by the regulatory authorities so as to make the Unani Cosmeceuticals products of high standard quality which have much safety and efficacy. INTRODUCTION: Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine) comprises medicinal knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. There are several practices that are under traditional medicine and these are known as Ayurveda, Herbal, Unani, Ancient Iranian Medicine, Siddha Medicine, Muti, Ifa, Traditional African Medicine and other medicinal knowledge and practices all over the globe. The World Health organization (WHO) has defined traditional medicine as "The health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs in corporation plant, animal and mineral-based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and expertises, applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent illness or maintain wellbeing". In some Asian and African countries, upto 80 percent of the population relies on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. When adopted outside of its traditional culture, traditional medicine is often called Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Herbal medicine can be very lucrative, generating billions of dollars in sales, but alternative or counterfeit herbs can also be a health hazard. WHO also pointed out that "inappropriate use of traditional medicines or practices can have negative or dangerous effects "and that "further research is needed to ascertain the efficacy and safety" of several of the practices and medicinal plants used by traditional medicine system? Core discipline which studied traditional medicine includes ethno medicine, ethno botany and medicine anthropology.


As a relatively new application area for LOTOS (Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification), the specification of digital logic is investigated. A specification approach is evolved and justified, illustrated with basic logic gates and the larger example of a keyboard controller. The construction and validation of the digital component library are discussed, along with a retrieval tool that allows access to the library.


Over 90 identified species of fungi have been isolated from surface sterilized pea seeds germinated on an agar medium Of the known pathogenic fungi, species of Ascochyta were the most frequently isolated from seed. From the examination of almost 5000 Canadian pea seed samples over a 12-year period, it was found that 51 per cent of the samples were infected with Ascochyta spp; 18 per cent were heavily infected. Of the Ascochyta-infected samples, 85 per cent were infected with A pisi Pea seed grown in Eastern Canada was more heavily infected than seed grown in the western provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. Varietal susceptibility of a number of commercial pea varieties was tested by plant inoculation in the field using a mixture of 10 isolates of A. pisi Some varieties which showed abundant disease symptoms in the field produced relatively disease-free seed and, conversely, some varieties which appeared to be highly resistant sometimes produced heavily infected seed.


In two-dimensional SU(2) gluodynamics with the Chern-Simons mass a ground state in a magnetic field is derived. This vacuum is found to be the lattice of the new type formed from periodic magnetic and electric fields which corresponds to Abrikosov's lattice in superconductivity. It is realized uniquely due to the mass presence. In contrast with superconductivity the solution is determined in the class of stationary (not static) functions of charged gluon components and is realized in the case of small mass. The normalization condition, distribution of charge and currents, magnetic and electric fields, magnetic induction, and energy density are calculated. It is shown that this structure is energetically favorable. It can be realized spontaneously.


This article aims to present the status of the accession project eight years after the CJEU's opinion: the long way it has come, what has been done since then, the possible obstacles that remain, starting with the long procedure of ratification of the accession agreement, including by countries outside the European Union. The vicissitudes that this project has gone through, as well as the challenges that continue to face it, turn its realization into an equation with many unknowns, for which solutions are still being sought and will be sought.


The occurrence of zoosporangia and oospores is analyzed for 88 field populations of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in Moscow region and other regions of Russia from 1997 to 2006. For estimation of zoosporangia and oospore frequencies in the populations, the indexes IZ (for zoosporangia) and IO (for oospores) are suggested. The combinations of these indexes enabled a reveal of 4 strategies for P. infestans reproduction, which were found in the field populations of the pathogen. These strategies were more numerous in P. infestans field populations on tomato than on potato (4 versus 2) in spite of the fact that potato populations in Moscow region strongly predominated. It was connected with rareness or absence of oospores in potato and their presence in tomato, especially in fruit of many populations. The knowledge about strategies of reproduction can be applied for verification of efficiency of new methods for crop protection against late blight, and for investigations of P. infestans populations.


Road Accident Situation in Thailand is an extreme problem. There are many ways to solve this problemfollowing through the understanding and experience of the policy planners. Somehow, these do not exactlyrelevant to the cause of the problem. This study was carried out in order to analyze the factors relating to theaccident and the severity of road accident. First, the factors that relate to road accident were collected fromvarious documents and researches. Then, the groups of factor were categorized. And some data were collecteddirectly from the person who had the road accident experience using the questionnaires. From the results of this study, the factors relating to the road accident were categorized into 4 groups:human, vehicle, road and environment factor. And human is the highest factor affecting the road accident(95.62%). The second rank is the vehicle factor with 27.54% and the road and environment factor is the bottomrank with 21.56%. So the additional policy issue that could reduce the severity of road accident is the emphasison the driver behavior.


A method for simultaneous determination of 12 priority phthalates, adipate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible oils by isotope dilution-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (ID-GC–MS) was developed for fast, accurate and trace analysis. The extraction and clean-up procedures were optimised, and using stable isotope-labelled internal standards for each analyte, relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.92–10.6% and spiked sample recoveries of 80.6–97.8% were obtained. Limits of detection for PAHs were in the range of 0.15–0.77 µg/kg and those for phthalates were in the range of 4.6–10.0 µg/kg. The calibration curves exhibited good linearities with regression coefficients of R2 ≥ 0.99. Twelve edible oils were examined to evaluate the efficiency of this method. Among the 12 analytes, dibutyl phthalates (DBP), diethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP), diethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), benzo[a]anthracene (B[a]A), chrysene (Chry) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F) were detected in the range of 1.17–806 µg/kg.


The mycelial growth characteristics,fruiting body yields,and biological characteristics of 8 Flammaline velutipes species were studied in order to select good Flammulina velutipes varieties for Jianghuai region. The results showed that the Jianghuai 1 from 8 strains of white Flammaline velutipes species were superiority strains with good growth vigour,growing faster,better fruiting body commercial characteristics and high biological efficiency. Therefore,Jianghuai 1 varieties could be used as Flammlina vilutipes fine varieties to promote local cultivation.


This study aims to determine the effect of giving several types of natural feed and evaluate the best type of feed for thebody length of super red arowana fish (Scleropages formosus). This study used the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with 3 treatments and 3 repeats with 3 types of natural feed, namely crickets (A), Hong Kong caterpillars (B), and white shrimp (C). The maintenance of super red arowana fish is carried out for 70 days with a frequency of feeding three times a day and given satiation (ad satiation).  The results showed that the feeding of crickets for super red arowana fish gave the highest length of 0.84±0.08 cm, the highest specific growth rate of 6.00±0.59%, and the survival rate (SR) at the end of the study was 100%. The results of measuring water quality parameters, namely temperatures of 28.7° C -30.4 °C, pH 7.97-8.14, and dissolved oxygen 4.6-5.4 mg.l⁻¹, are in the optimal range for the maintenance of super red arowana fish.


The Bivalvia (Mollusca) fauna was studied from benthic samples collected from 101 stations from various biotopes in the Turkish Aegean Sea in 2000. Two species, namely Dacrydium hyalinum (Monterosato, 1875) and Musculus discors (Linnaeus, 1767), new to the Turkish Bivalvia fauna are reported. Notes on the morphological and ecological features of these species are provided.


Violence across borders has experienced a global transformation as a consequence of regional integration, especially in border regions where the presence of global crime networks exacerbates complementary asymmetries. In such cases, borders are transformed from predominantly national spaces of encountering and separation into hubs of world economic circuits—both legal and illegal. This transformation produces two important changes: on the one hand, borders become less geographically fixed and more fluid spaces; on the other hand, the central actor of illegal markets is no longer the contraband smuggler but rather a trafficker of persons, goods, and services from distant territories. The text addresses these dynamics and focuses on three topics: the relationship between borders and actors, the configuration of particular forms of border violence, and the security politics in South American countries.


Based on the Yanbian statistical data in 2004,12 indexes reflecting the development level of county economy were selected to estimate the economic development level of eight counties or cities synthetically making use of principal components analysis.The related countermeasures and suggestions were put forward according to the analytic results.


In this paper, we obtain an explicit arithmetic intersection formula on a Hilbert modular surface between the diagonal embedding of the modular curve and a CM cycle associated to a non-biquadratic CM quartic field. This confirms a special case of the author's conjecture with J. Bruinier in (BY), and is a generalization of the beautiful factorization formula of Gross and Zagier on singular moduli. As an application, we proved the first non-trivial non-abelian Chowla-Selberg formula, a special case of Colmez conjecture.


Seismic engineering has made great progress in the last ten years. For estimating a site ground motion, we can now take into consideration characteristics of seismic source and propagation path of seismic waves as well as local site conditions. To estimate a structural response, the soil-structure interaction analysis has been developed to be applied. When we examine the requalification of existing Nuclear Power plants, it is of help to consider the recent development of seismic engineering. The present paper presents the estimation of strong ground motion based on so called fault model. It was common to use some recorded earthquake strong ground motions in designing a structure, say, twenty years ago. When many strong motions had been recorded, design spectra could then be developed. However, since the design spectrum shows more or less standardized characteristics of a ground motion, it cannot fully express the characteristics of the seismic source, propagation path of seismic waves and local site conditions. In order to estimate a strong ground motion in consideration of the characteristics of the seismic source and propagation path, a fault model was developed. There are two different approaches in this model: a strictly theoretical approach and a semi-empirical approach. The aim of the present paper is to describe these two approaches.


In recent times, US policy towards Iran's nuclear ambition has become one of the most contested and hotly debated issues in the US and elsewhere. As the Bush administration ended with little tangible success in addressing the proliferation concerns involving Iran, the issue has come to hunt the Obama administration as well. The American strategic community largely agrees that Iran has the ambition to acquire nuclear weapon status and thus the debate revolves around how best to respond to it. Vigorous arguments have been paraded to assess the cost and benefits of a US pre-emptive strike against Iran's nuclear installations. Similar and equally vital deliberations abound in the strategic circles with respect to the option of an Israeli strike and its implication for US foreign policy. The article attempts to analyse this dynamic American debate at a critical juncture as President Obama, previously seen as the anti-thesis of the Bush era, seems to be facing the same sort of constraints that his predecessor was up against, while searching for a sound policy to deal with the Iranian conundrum.


There has been a dramatic increase in parent education programs with dynamic approaches in Korea since the 1990s. The purpose of this research is to examine the trends in parent education programs by analyzing 63 theses in the six major journals of family science in Korea. The findings of this research are as follows. First, the number of related research increases as time passes while covering various topics such as family with disabled, multi-cultural family, single-parent family, education program for fathers and online parent education program. Second, out of 63 theses, 42 theses include both 'developing' and 'implementing' of the parent education programs while only 10 theses were about 'developing' the programs and another 10 theses were about 'running' the existing programs. Last, the majority of the programs were about 'technical education' but a number of programs also included contents such as understanding parents and children or change of behavior. To sum up, parent education programs not only reflect required role of parents in each society and each generation, but broadly represent social issues and trends of the society. While providing detailed examination of the trends in parent education programs in Korea, this research lays a foundation for further related research and suggests future directions.


The present invention projects an image onto any surface in a room and distorts the image before projection so that a projected version of the image will not be distorted. The surface could be planar or non-planar. The present invention also allows for a projected image to be displayed at multiple locations along a surface or multiple surfaces. This allows a projected image to move from one location on a surface to another location on this or another surface, while the projected image remains undistorted through the move. Moreover, the present invention allows interaction between people and a projector. Interactive input, such as from mice, may be used with the versions of the present invention. Importantly, versions of the present invention can determine if an object is near an interactive item (such as a hyperlink) on the projected image. If so, the present invention can activate the interactive item. This allows a person to interact with a projected image.


In this study, we presented distribution data for 16 plant species designated as ecosystem-disturbing species by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea. These data include location information for the ecosystem-disturbing plants from four survey projects (Monitoring of invasive alien species designated by the wildlife protection act, Nationwide survey of non-native species in Korea, The 3rd and 4th national ecosystem survey) conducted by two agencies (National Institute of Ecology and National Institute of Environmental Research) between 2014 and 2021. Additionally, the data includes habitat environmental characteristics and administrative district information on the survey sites of the ecosystem-disturbing plants. These data have a high potential for utilization as basic information for natural environmental policies and related research by identifying the habitat characteristics of invasive alien species.


One kind of angular contact ball bearings comprising an inner ring (1) and an outer ring (2), each of which is provided with at least one bearing race; and at least one ball rolling contact with the bearing race (5), the ball and bearing race four contact points contact each other and defining two working lines (12, 13) of each pair of opposing contact points of the bearing races, the working lines intersect each other. Working line (12, 13) intersects the bearing axis at mutually different angles.


In this paper I shall focus on Casta˜ neda's notion of quasi-indicators and I shall defend the following theses: • Essential indexicals ('I', 'here' and 'now') are intrinsically perspectival mechanisms of reference and, as such, they are not reducible to any other mechanism of reference. • Quasi-indicators (e.g. expressions like 'she (herself )' exist in natural language and cannot be explained away as merely reflexive pronouns. • Quasi-indicators are the only mechanism that allows the attribution of an indexical reference. As such they must appear in oratio obliqua constructions. • When linked to a referring NP, quasi-indicators, like anaphors, inherit their reference from the antecedent to which they are linked (and thus coindexed with). When linked to a quantified expression, quasi-indicators work like (quasiindexical) bound variables. • Quasi-indicators must be understood along the lines of logophoric pronouns (from 'logos' meaning discourse and 'phoros' meaning bearing or transporting). As such, they are best explained using such notions as perspective and point of view.


The reduced modular Jacobi group is a semidirect product of SL2(Z) with the lattice Z2. We develop the spectral theory of the invariant Laplacian L on the associated group manifold. The operator L is decomposed by Fourier analysis as a direct sum of operators Lkl corresponding to frequencies k related to the lattice and l to translations. L00 is the Selberg Laplacian for SL2(Z). For k, l ≥ 1, Lkl has a purely discrete spectrum, while Lk0 has a purely continuous spectrum for k ≥ 1. The set of all eigenvalues of L satisfies a Weyl law. The results are extended to subgroups of the modular Jacobi group of finite index.


Much work has been done on premature failure of wire insulation in pulse width moduˉlated(PWM)inverter-fed motors.The failure mechanism of wire insulation was systematically summarized in this paper according to papers appeared home and abroad.The voltage characterˉistics of interturn insulations in PWM inverter-fed motors is different from that of common moˉtors.Partial discharges(PD)in the air-filled gaps of enameled wires make the wire insulation to age rapidly.Furthermore,beam bombardment and oxidation by ozone directly lead to the failureof wire insulation.


THE INVENTION RESPECT TO THE FIELD OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY. IT CONCERNS NEW MONOCLONAL RELATING TO ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS TUMOR, WHICH IS LINKED radionuclide METAL DIRECTLY OR USING AGENT CHELATING AS ACID ethylenetriamine-PENTA-ACETIC (DTPA) CONJUGATED ANTIBODY. WHEN A PATIENT ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL, Monoclonal Antibody BRAND If ESTABLISHES IN THE TUMOR AND THEN CAN BE LOCATED BY PHOTOSCANOGRAPHIE dETECTING RADIATION ISSUED.


The article deals with the order of military functioning of the voivode governance in Perm region in the late of XVI XVII centuries. The author defines common organizational principles of voivode military governance in Russia in general and in Perm Kama region in particular, characterizes the system of voivode titles appointed in Perm Kama region, describes the military character of voivode governance. The voivode governance appeared in Cherdyn in the 1570s and gradually spread to the territory of Perm Kama region. The voivodes were responsible for constructing towns and primarily fortresses and arsenals. They had to monitor the state of the outposts. In the XVII century the voivodes formed and sent units for military service, protected territories and local population, organized military campaigns, took measures to maintain fortifications. The Perm voivodes interacted with the administration of other Russian territories and sometimes established diplomatic relations. The voivode governance operated successfully in the field of military service and supported military forces of the Russian state.


The paper has explored an issue of personal development of an individual expected to be a bearer of innovation-targeted conduct.


Clickjacking is a kind of cyber attacks, also known as UI redress attack. Clickjacking happens when the user clicks on the element, which is set to be transparent and put on top of the other visible element. When the user wants to click on the visible element, he actually clicks on the transparent element without his attention.
When clickjacking occurred on smartphones, there is a new term called "Tapjacking". Tapjacking can be divided into two types, desktop-based UI redress attack and browserless UI redress attack. We focus on browserless tapjacking attack and construct a real world browserless tapjacking attack to prove that there are still some problems on the existing tapjacking solution provided by Android. Besides, this thesis also proposes a new solution "TCGM" against browserless tapjacking attack.
Our solution "TCGM" can stop browserless tapjacking attack automatically and effectively unlike existing Android solution, which needs to be enabled manually. Moreover, our solution can be integrated into existing Android framework with ease and only a few lines of code need to be inserted.


The study of material base for efficacy of Chinese drugs is the most important in the stratagem of Chinese drugs modernization,and its key is to seek a group of chemical drugs that can exert the comprehensive pharmacological functions. This paper elucidates the properties of material base for efficacy of Chinese drugs and the significance of applying ceramic membrane technologies to screening out the effective components of Chinese drugs. A lot of experimental results of using the ceramic membrane techologies to process the decoction of Chinese drugs indicate that the ceramic membrane technology is an important and promising means to study the material base for efficacy of Chinese drugs. The emphasis of the study is also discussed.


A national sample of U.S. farms is used to estimate the long-term trends in adoption and diffusion of conservation tillage, IPM, and soil fertilizer testing, technologies designed to reduce environmental externalities from agriculture. Results from a duration model show that diffusion of these technologies has been relatively slow, with long lags in adoption due to differences in land quality, farm size, farmer education, and regional factors.


Background: Distal hemitrapeziectomy is suggested as an alternative for total trapeziectomy for carpometacarpal thumb joint osteoarthritis, when the scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal joint is unaffected. This can be performed as an arthroscopic or open procedure, with suggested advantages for the less invasive arthroscopic technique. To determine which technique has better outcome on subjective and objective measures, the authors performed a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Methods: The authors randomized 90 thumbs in the open (n = 45) and arthroscopic (n = 45) groups and evaluated results preoperatively and at 3-, 12- and 24-month follow-up. The primary outcome was the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) to assess pain and function. Also, the authors evaluated pinch, grip, and range of motion, together with return to work, satisfaction, and complications. Results: Full follow-up was obtained in 62 thumbs (open group, n = 32; arthroscopic group, n = 30). For both groups, the PRWHE improved from preoperatively to 12- and 24-month follow-up. Also, grip power, key pinch, and tip pinch improved at final follow-up for both groups. Between groups, there were no clinically important differences between PRWHE, power of grip or pinch, and range of motion. Operation time was shorter for the open group; also, return to work was slightly shorter after open surgery. Satisfaction was comparable between groups. Conclusions: This study shows good functional improvement and pain reduction obtained with a hemitrapeziectomy. No arthroscopic benefits could be substantiated in the results. Because of shorter operation time for the open procedure, and because of equal outcomes compared to the arthroscopic technique, we prefer open hemitrapeziectomy. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, I.


The article considers influence of the cars overwork equivalents and the saving of the hours-per-locomotive and the hours-per-brigade on calculation of the trains forming plan and the change of these values in conditions of the transport market.


The different dosages of chopped leaf of Vitex negundo on some aspects of pathogenesis of Hibiscus cannabinus infected with Meloidogyne incognita were carried out. The impact of pathogenesis was reflected at tissue level with low sugar level, elevated protein and lipid levels and reduced total energy content. The activities of redox enzyme showed a specific increase of dehydrogenases activities in the infected host under chopped leaf treatments. This indicates greater energy yield catalysis, due to expected tissue damage by the nematode. The resultant of these two enzyme activities ie, total dehydrogenases and endogenous reductases, is quite evidenced in the increments of sugar, protein, lipid and total energy in leaf of Vitex negundo was introduced as nematicide to the infected host plant.


The article deals with the creativity and specialties of Grigoriy Skovoroda. It seems, that we have already known everything about Skovoroda, although there are a lot of unclear questions concerning his personality and significance, and even trying of new myths. Some important aspects of the philosopher's personality and his private life remain unclear. And to this day there is either unjustified "Russification" or, conversely, a sharpened "Westernization" of the wandering Ukrainian sage ‒ up to the search in his spiritual position for signs of either Lutheran Pietism or Freemasonry. In addition, the inertia of colonial consciousness has not been completely overcome here, within which the peoples of the USSR must have had in their "glorious past" titanic figures on the scale of Aristotle, Virgil or Dante. And Skovoroda, our unconditional classic, is still somewhat hypertrophied in the spirit of the style of the totalitarian era, which dreamed of "greatness". Therefore, the aim of this study is a certain re-emphasis of some established views on this notable personality, his sociopsychological position and philosophical and literary heritage. The article gives an analysis of the problems of the historical role of free genius and the limitations that the epoch and social demand objectively impose on it. This, in turn, gives grounds to some extent to reconsider and refine the traditional assessments of the philosopher's legacy. To do this, the author uses the possibilities of the traditional biographical method, combining it with elements of the imagological approach and, to some extent, psychoanalysis. This article reports the results of a study of the dramatic contradictions between the role chosen by the philosopher and his real actions. Skovoroda realized the ideal of an ascetic removed from life with difficulty, constantly curbing his difficult and conflicting character and trying to sublimate living and sinful feelings into the plane of spiritual communication with the object of his passion. The article is of interest to the situation of deep loneliness of this sage ‒ on the verge of trickster's. He does not fit into the Enlightenment, as he remains in fact a religious didactic, and his position is typologically related to the work of the Polish Jesuits of the eighteenth century, who turned the attitudes of Enlightenment philosophy into a way of catechesis. On the other hand, seeking to imitate Christ Skovoroda did not create his own teaching, he limited to the presentation of common places of religion and philosophy. Bypassing, in the spirit of the teachings of Epicurus, the difficulties of life's struggle, Skovoroda chose the easy path of popularizer, used, in the conditions of the then "language chaos", unpretentious "surzhik" and so on. The article is of great help to understand that the philosopher has become really needed by the Ukrainian people as a codifier of traditional religious truths. And this happened at a time when Ukrainians were made mass illiterate and instilled in the region the spirit of secularization. But his historical role is limited by this, because he did not fit deeply into either the Russian or Western European cultural paradigm.


To the Editor:— In a recent editorial inThe Journal, "Ethyl Alcohol for Skin Disinfection" ( 142 :1079 [April 8] 1950), the use of alcohol was stated to be "deficient in its inability to kill spores and tubercle bacilli, deficiencies which are shared by all commonly used skin disinfectants." I believe that this should be modified, or even reversed. Dr. C. R. Smith reported, more than two years ago ( Pub. Health Rep. 62 : 1285 [Sept. 5] 1947) that alcohol is a very good antiseptic for use against the tubercle bacilli. It is active at 50 to 70 per cent strengths, and isopropyl is as good or better than ethyl, as well as cheaper. It acts rapidly and can be used on the hands, small surfaces and on many small articles. A quotation of this information appeared inThe JournalAug. 7, 1948, page 1352, in a note to the editor, and