High grain yield and early maturity are desirable characteristics in many regions in which barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is grown. However, negative correlation between these traits makes their joint improvement difficult Previous research quantifying the contribution of traits to grain yield has not included their effects on time to maturity, and often has not included important developmental traits related to time to maturity. The purpose of this research was to quantify the determination of grain yield and time to maturity in barley, using a model that included developmental traits such as leaf number, phyllochron, and grain fill rate. A genetically diverse group of 24 barley genotypes was grown for three years at Palmer, AK, and significant causal relationships determined using path analysis and stepwise regression. Longer vegetative periods (time to heading) resulted in higher grain yield, but longer heading-to-maturity periods had no effect on grain yield. Faster grain fill rate resulted in higher grain yield and shorter grain filling period. In environments similar to these, the competing objectives of high grain yield and acceptably early maturity were realized by cultivars with relatively long preheading periods and relatively short reproductive periods, without exceeding the critical level of early maturity required by growers. Longer preheading periods appear necessary to develop an adequate number of kernels per spike and sufficient number of leaves to provide photoassimilate during grain fill. These results provide breeders additional insights for decisions involving choice of germplasm and selection criteria in breeding programs.


Field evaporation of Mo under pulsed‐laser heating produces Mo2+2 instead of Mo+. The observation of this ion species has interesting implications to Coulomb explosion of doubly charged ions, and also to the current theory of field evaporation.


This paper includes the results of a study carried out to determine the drying characteristics of three
agricultural fruit products. The products used in this analysis were apples, guavas and papayas. The
drying characteristics of the three products were investigated under different operating conditions by
varying now velocities and the thickness of the specimens. An experimental solar dryer was built to
conduct tests on different samples. Tests were carried under both natural and forced convection
conditions. Different meteorological conditions were considered in the experiments. A analytical model.
based on Fick's second law of diffusion. was used to determine the effective diffusion coefficients of the
three products. The diffusion coefficients were obtained from the slope of in (w/wo) against t/L2. It was
found that the diffusivities of apples, guavas and papayas range between 5.74xI0-12 and 8.6IxI0-IO
1112/s. It was also observed that shrinkage occurred in the above three specimens during drying. This effect
was taken into account and a correction factor for thickness, L, was introduced.


Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the economic indicators of a country. Having a sustainable FDI would lead to a sustainable economy. In order to sustain the FDI, its determinants and how the changes in those determinants affect the FDI must be analyzed carefully. Once the impact of the determinants is known, then the next steps of making decisions or policies related to sustainable FDI, could easily and effectively be done. Different from previous studies, this paper examines to what extent the inflows of FDI would be related and affected by the environment, social and governance (ESG) factors, the vital sources for sustainable investment. The environment, social and governance factors include natural environment, natural resources, human capital, population, infrastructure, trade openness, and corruption. Those annual time series data were analyzed by using the ordinary least square regression and Granger causality analyses. The findings show that majority of the changes in those determinants have significant relationship with the FDI inflows. Many of the determinants are positively related to the FDI except for trade openness which is having negative relationship with FDI. However, changes in natural resources and infrastructure have no significant relation with the inflows of FDI. The result suggests that an emerging country like Malaysia, must continue enhancing those social, environmental and governance factors in the country to encourage the incoming of sustainable FDI, thus to develop sustainable economy.


The effects of parallel plasma flow on plasma equilibrium in dipolar magnetic configurations (MC) are considered by applying a separable form of magnetic flux function. Both analytical and numerical solutions of the plasma equilibria for sub-Alfvenic plasma flow are presented. However, no physically meaningful solutions with super-Alfvenic plasma flow are found.


Teachers and counselors who work with young people know that adolescence is a time of physical, mental, emotional, and social change. Adolescence is a time when teenagers are trying to form an identity for themselves and as they go through this process, many factors will help form who they are and who they become. Most teenagers are able to navigate these years with little conflict, on the other hand, some struggle with different issues. Adolescents have to deal with issues related to sexuality, peer pressure, and development to name a few. However, adolescents belonging to ethnic/racial underrepresented groups have to deal with all the aforementioned factors and with their ethnic/racial identity. This paper will focus on the challenges and opportunities ethnicity and race have on a person's identity formation, specifically Asian American teenagers. This open access graduate research paper is available at UNI ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/grp/298 IDENTITY FORMATION OF ASIAN AMERICAN TEENAGERS AND THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELOR


The decarbonisation of power production is key to achieving the Paris Agreement goal. Wind and solar energy have matured and decreased in cost rapidly into cost-effective decarbonisation solutions. However, the location of renewables effects the impact on the environment and the communities they are sited. Thus, socio-environmental constraints can strongly limit the overall capacity potential affecting the technology choices, resulting costs and political feasibilities of reaching the national emission reduction targets. Nevertheless, socio-environmental acceptance is usually not considered when studying the transition to a net-zero energy system.


A model of a complex multivalued neural associative memory is presented. This memory uses a newer form of a complex signum function that allows the state space to be a complex hypercube. Using a quadratic energy function, a new convergence theorem is proved. Thus the convergence properties and the network stability for asynchronous dynamics can be observed. The convergence properties of such a network prove that the network serves to be a generalization of the real-valued neural network. The analogies to the behavior of the latter render the network to be applied to a variety of applications like grayscale image processing and pattern recognition.


Over 100 traditional nursery rhymes, as well as several of the author's own. Kate Greenaway was a Victorian artist, and a medal is awarded in her name every year for the best illustrations in a children's book. Her own books include "The Marigold Garden" and "Under the Window".


The flow of superfluid 4 He around a translationally oscillating sphere, levitating without mechanical support, can either be laminar or turbulent, depending on the velocity amplitude. Below a critical velocity v c that scales as ω 1 / 2 and is temperature independent below 1K, the flow is laminar (potential flow). Below 0.5K, the linear drag force is caused by ballistic phonon scattering that vanishes as T 4 until background damping, measured in the empty cell, becomes dominant for T < 0 . 1K. Increasing the velocity amplitude above v c leads to a transition from potential flow to turbulence, where the large turbulent drag force varies as (v 2 − v 2c ) . In a small velocity interval (cid:3)v/v c ≤ 3% above v c , the flow is unstable below 0.5K, switching intermittently between both patterns. From time series recorded at constant temperature and driving force, the lifetimes of both phases are analyzed statistically. We observe metastable states of potential flow which, after a mean lifetime of 25min, ultimately break down due to vorticity created by natural background radioactivity. The lifetimes of the turbulent phases have an exponential distribution, and the mean increases exponentially with (cid:3)v 2 . We investigate the frequency at which the vortex rings are shed from the sphere. Our results are compared with recent data of other authors on vortex shedding by moving a laser beam through a Bose–Einstein condensate. Finally, we show that our observed transition to turbulence belongs to the class of "supertransient chaos" where lifetimes of the turbulent states increase faster than exponentially.


This paper considers a coordination problem for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in mixed traffic at unsignalized intersections. In such a setting, the behavior of the Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs) is difficult to predict, thus challenging the formulation and the solution of the coordination problem. To solve this problem, we propose a coordination strategy, where CAVs are used as both sensors and actuators in mixed platoons. A timeslot-based approach is used to coordinate the occupancy of the intersection and to compensate for the HDVs behavior. The proposed approach has a bi-level optimization structure built upon the Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework that decides the crossing order and computes the vehicles' commands. In simulations, we show that the choice of the HDV prediction model heavily affects the coordination by evaluating the performance of two different HDV models: car-following and constant velocity, where the latter demonstrates more consistent results in the presence of deviation of the HDVs' behavior from a nominal model.


In this work, advanced learning and moving window-based methods have been used for epileptic seizure detection. Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system and roughly affects 50 million people worldwide. The most common non-invasive tool for studying the brain activity of an epileptic patient is the electroencephalogram. Accurate detection of seizure onset is still an elusive work. Electroencephalogram signals belonging to pediatric patients from Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Institute of Technology have been used in this work to validate the proposed method. For determining between seizure and non-seizure signals, feature extraction techniques based on time-domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain have been used. Four different methods (decision tree, random forest, artificial neural network, and ensemble learning) have been studied and their performances have been compared using different statistical measures. The test sample technique has been used for the validation of all seizure detection methods. The results show better performance by random forest among all the four classifiers with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 91.9%, 94.1%, and 89.7% respectively. The proposed method is suggested as an improved method because it is not channel specific, not patient specific and has a promising accuracy in detecting epileptic seizure.


Abstract Objective: To study the disability caused by psoriasis in patients recorded as having psoriasis by their general practitioner. Design: Postal questionnaire survey using the psoriasis disability index and SF-36. Setting: Five general practices in Cleveland. Subjects: Of 767 patients identified, 546 completed the questionnaire and 435 were eligible and gave informed consent. Main outcome measures: Scores on SF-36 and psoriasis disability index. Results: The psoriasis disability index score was highly negatively correlated with all eight of the SF-36 health measures (P<0.0001 for each), and the manual social classes scored higher than the non-manual social classes (P<0.0001). The manual social class group scored significantly lower scores than the controls on all the SF-36 scales, and the non-manual group scored significantly lower for physical and mental role limitation (P<0.0004 and P = 0.026), mental health (P<0.0001), energy and vitality (P<0.0004), and health perception (P<0.0001). Also, the manual group had poorer health perception on five of the SF-36 variables when compared with the non-manual group. Conclusions: Patients with psoriasis have an overall lower perception of their quality of life than healthy controls, and those in the lower social classes suffer a greater degree of disability from their disease than the higher social classes. Key messages In this study people with psoriasis had a greater disability than healthy controls These patients did not consult about their skin condition frequently, yet most used some treatment The manual social classes suffer greater disability than non-manual classes The psoriasis disability index may help measure disability in general practice


Objective: Histamine may have physiologic functions in the inner ear. The locations of histamine receptors, however, have not yet been identified in the mammalian cochlea. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of histamine receptor subtypes (H1, H2, and H3 receptors) in rat cochlea.


Ground water is an important water supply source for many coastal communities. Significant ground water extraction can lead to landward migration of the saltwaterfreshwater interface, which can contaminate the water supply. It is therefore important to consider the potential for saltwater intrusion when developing a ground water management plan in coastal regions. An important tool in analyzing such problems is the numerical model which can predict water levels, ground water flow, and the location of the salt-water interface given a particular pumping regime. Such models require knowledge of hydraulic parameters for each aquifer. Imprecise specification of these parameters can lead to inaccurate results and it is therefore important to evaluate the effect of uncertainty in model parameters. Because the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer is critically important for predicting the location of the saltwater- freshwater interface, it is a major source of uncertainty in ground water analysis. Here we investigate two types of uncertainty in the context of ground water management problems: (1) modeler's uncertainty reflects inaccurate estimation of mean hydraulic conductivity, and (2) spatial variability reflects our inability to adequately characterize the spatially heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity at an appropriate scale for precise modeling. Both types of uncertainty are investigated by developing a ground water management problem based on a coastal aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The management problem seeks to minimize the threat of saltwater intrusion while meeting the water supply demands of the community. The two types of uncertainty are shown to have different and substantial effects on optimal management designs. These results illustrate the importance of considering uncertainty in determining ground water management solutions in a coastal aquifer environment.


An electro hydraulic vibration device was used to study the effects of some forms of angular motion in the transverse mode and a combination of angular transverse and vertical motion, common in ground vehicles. Heart rate, tracking error, hip and shoulder acceleration, and subjective judgements of three subjects were recorded under different test conditions using three different seats. The excitation acceleration had a 0-25 and 0-50 g peak to peak linear component on the seat at frequencies of 1, 1-7, 2-5, and 40 Hz. Man is more affected and shows more degraded performance under the influence of transverse angular vibration than under vertical vibrations alone. Worst is a combination of transverse angular and vertical motion. Tractor seats good for vertical vibrations are not necessarily good for transverse vibrations


Background: Blood transfusion is a crucial and an essential part of any nation's health care delivery system for a lifesaving Interventions. Positive attitude towards blood donation practices among the younger generation would play a crucial role in improving health care structure. Objectives of the study were to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards blood donation and its associated factors among undergraduate medical students. Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted on the 322 under graduate medical students of different professional years during September to December 2016 at Netaji Subash Chandra Bose medical college Jabalpur (M.P.). A pretested, self administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding voluntary blood donation. Scores for three domains i.e. knowledge, attitude, practice was calculated. Data on Socio demographic details and reason behind non donation of blood were also collected. Results: On correlation between the scores of attitude and practice with knowledge. Attitude has a positive statistically significant correlation with the increase in knowledge and vice versa. On the other hand Increase in attitude shows a negative statistically significant correlation with practice and vice versa. Students belongs to >20 years of age group has significantly more knowledge and good attitude regarding blood donation (p<0.001). Female students when compared with male have more knowledge and good attitude regarding blood donation. But in case of practice of blood donation female significantly lag behind male students (p<0.001). Conclusions: Opportunities for blood donations should be created regularly by conducting blood donation camps this will not only increase the Sense of social responsibility among medical students through positive attitude but will also narrowed down the gap between the demand and the supply of the country.


Software safety is a crucial aspect during the development of modern safety-critical systems. Software is becoming responsible for most of the critical functions of systems. Therefore, the software components in the systems need to be tested extensively against their safety requirements to ensure a high level of system safety. However, performing testing exhaustively to test all software behaviours is impossible. Numerous testing approaches exist. However, they do not directly concern the information derived during the safety analysis. STPA (Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis) is a unique safety analysis approach based on system and control theory, and was developed to identify unsafe scenarios of a complex system including software. In this paper, we present a systematic and semi-automatic testing approach based on STPA to generate test cases from the STPA safety analysis results to help software and safety engineers to recognize and reduce the associated software risks. We also provide an open-source safety-based testing tool called STPA TCGenerator to support the proposed approach. We illustrate the proposed approach with a prototype of a software of the Adaptive Cruise Control System (ACC) with a stop-and-go function with a Lego-Mindstorms EV3 robot.


Readers' borrowing permission is too limited in a lot of university libraries. This paper analyzes the possibility of promoting the flexible borrowing system in university libraries from the perspective of equal service and optimization of the use of resources.


In a previous paper, nice quintinomial equations were given for unramified coverings of the affine line in nonzero characteristic p with the projective symplectic isometry group PSp(2m, q) and the (vectorial) symplectic isometry group Sp(2m, q) as Galois groups where m > 2 is any integer and q > 1 is any power of p. Here we deform these equations to get nice quintinomial equations for unramified coverings of the once punctured affine line in characteristic p with the projective symplectic similitude group PGSp(2m, q) and the (vectorial) symplectic similitude group GSp(2m, q) as Galois groups.


Understanding safe food practice is important for home-based food operators to prevent foodborne illness. Earlier work has shown that home-based food operators have shown a lack of food safety knowledge and may benefit from training that is specifically tailored to their needs. Unfortunately, home-based food operators may be deterred from enrolling in traditional educational formats due to their busy schedules. The objective of this study was to pilot and evaluate the effectiveness of an online food safety educational module, for home-based food operators in Iowa, through three learning assessments. Twenty-one participants enrolled in a blended workshop, where participants completed an online pilot module before attending a faceto-face session to complete the remaining five modules. The effectiveness of the online module was measured by examining the first-attempt average scores on learning assessments, the number of assessment attempts required to achieve 100%, and the first-attempt performance by question type. The three learning assessment tools resulted in first-attempt averages of 86.33%, 90.53%, and 83.09%, surpassing our standard of effectiveness of 75% and showing good potential for the online format. The learning assessment attempt numbers of 4.65, 1.67, and 3.81 showed trouble with knowledge transfer on some topics. Comprehension and analysis-style questions had first-attempt success rates of 84.92% and 87.84%, respectively. Knowledge and application-style questions were lower, with first-attempt success rates of 80.19% and 75%,


In "Journal Club: MRI reveals acute inflammation in cortical lesions during early MS," Bateman et al. discussed an article that showed evidence of early leukocortical lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that gray matter pathology may be related to blood–brain barrier breakdown. Commenting on the journal club article, Drs. Cyprian Olchowy and Anna Olchowy point to the fact that patients in the study discussed received triple the recommended dose of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA).


In Hokkaido, strawberry harvest time is mainly in spring, and the winter is cold. It is a traditional strawberry culture but this has decreased very much in the other regions of Japan. In the 1990s, summer-autumn harvest culture using everbearing strawberries was introduced to Hokkaido because the climate is cool in summer. Forced culture was also introduced in the early 2000s because the market required local strawberry supply during the winter. In the Toyoura area, the strawberries have been produced and shipped between late April and early July by spring harvest culture, from late June to mid-November by summer-autumn harvest culture with everbearers, and from mid-October to late July by forced culture. Around 25% of the production volume is by the spring harvest culture, 10% is by the summer-autumn harvest culture, and the remainder is by the forced culture. In the Frano area, the strawberry farmers have also harvested and shipped throughout the year by using summer-autumn harvest culture from early June to mid-November, and by forced culture from early November to early July. In the production volume, the percentage of summer-autumn harvest culture is about 60% and the forced culture is 40%. The major cultivars used in the forced culture are 'Sagahonoka' and 'Tochiotome' which were bred in the warmer region of Japan and have a short dormant period. On the other hand, the cultivar for the spring harvest culture is 'Kentaro', which was released in Hokkaido and has a relatively long dormant period. Hokkaido does not have a very large share of the Japanese strawberry market but it is one of the few regions to harvest strawberries throughout the year. This is because the farmers can grow the berries by the combination of spring harvest culture, summer-autumn harvest culture with everbearers and forced culture.


The extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance for days to flowering, plant height, yield traits and yield were determined in 15 germplasm lines of Cuphea procumbens. Sufficient variability existed for number of branches/plant, yield/plant, number of fruits/plant and number of seeds/fruit indicating that selection for these traits between germplasm lines may be fruitful. Among 15 germplasm lines NBC 58, NBC61 and NBC 60 were found to be better for yield and yield traits. Heritability in broad sense was high for all the characters and ranged from 64.56 to 98.83%. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance and high coefficient of variability for yield/plant, number of fruits/plant, number of seeds/fruits and number of branches/plant indicates the governance of these characters by additive gene effects thereby implying that simple selection may be effective.


The current SARS-CoV2 pandemic is a social, humanitarian, and economic crisis that was predicted by experts but made worse by a failure to act proactively on those warnings. As scientists teaching and studying climate and its impacts, we believe there are three important lessons from the current pandemic that apply to our understanding of climate mitigation and adaptation in Iowa.


IN A city such as Boston, which abounds in good homes and therefore good people and good children, it is disturbing to me, as judge of the Juvenile Court, to find a recent serious increase in delinquency. In fact, as of this date in the Boston Juvenile Court, we are over 100 cases beyond last year's total figure, with yet over three months to go. More disturbing is the fact that the crimes committed are serious offenses. Does this suggest that there has been a lowering of the standards of education, discipline and morality in youth? It is not reassuring . . .


Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are solution processable semiconductors characterized by long carrier lifetimes. Recent studies have suggested that electrons and holes in LHPs interact with phonons to form large polarons on subpicosecond time-scales and polaron formation may also slow down hot carrier cooling. Using femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) and transient reflectance (TR) spectroscopies, we follow the initial electron cooling and polaron formation dynamics in single-crystal CsPbBr3 perovskite. We find that the hot electrons cool down initially (≤0.2 ps) with rates of −0.64 ± 0.06 eV/ps and −0.82 ± 0.08 eV/ps at 300 and 80 K, respectively. This weakly temperature-dependent rate is attributed to the initial relaxation of unscreened hot electrons by the emission of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons. On longer time scales, we observe dynamic changes in the photoemission cross-section and in the red-shift of the optical bandgap. We attribute these dynamic changes to large pola...


In order to examine the reactivities and configurations of imidyl radicals, several cyclic N-bromo imides possessing five- or six-membered imide rings have been photolytically decomposed in the presence of 1,1-dichloroethene in methylene chloride in order to scavenge bromine atoms and bromine. The five-membered N-bromo imides and (±)-N-bromocamphorimide undergo ring opening to afford products derived from C-bromo acyl isocyanates. While the corresponding imidyl radicals abstract a hydrogen atom from methylene chloride, none of them undergo intramolecular H-atom abstraction to effect an intramolecular hydrogen–bromine exchange reaction, even when there are suitably located C–H bonds at a fifth (or sixth) position that can overlap the π-orbital of the imidyl radicals. This phenomenon clearly reveals the presence of Stereoelectronic controls on the intramolecular H-abstraction of imidyl radicals, and indicates that the reactive state of imidyl radicals does not possess the Π-electronic configuration. We conclude that imidyl radicals possess the Iµ-electronic configuration in their reactive state (which is probably the ground state). The intramolecular addition of a C-radical centre to an isocyanate group is established; this indicates that the reversibility of the ring-opening reaction of imidyl radicals is controlled by steric strains among other factors. Because of the presence of reactive allylic hydrogens, the N-bromo imide (10) upon photolysis forms the C-bromo compounds (11) efficiently by a bromine atom chain process which is retarded by the presence of a better Br˙ scavenging alkene.


Investigation results of trunk borer of poplar protection forest in the west of Jilin Province indicated that as major trunk borer,the average damage rate of Paranthrene tabaniformis Rottenburg and Saperda populnea L. was 19. 31% and 11. 98%,respectively. The main natural enemy of them were woodpecker and Scleroderma guani,which were random distribution with few population quantity. Population variation of trunk borer was associated with the population variation of natural enemy. Hence,population quantity of trunk borer shoud be supervised to predicte the possibility of trunk borer outbreak. In poplar protection forest without human prevention,the correlation of quantity of trapped pest and basic harm rate could be utilized to forecast trunk borer.


Pulmonary nodules are noted frequently on chest computed tomography (CT) that is done to evaluate chest symptoms or screen for lung cancer. To


Ontario Hydro's Tritium Removal Facility (DTRF) is presently in its early operating phase. The DTRF was built in order to reduce the average dose rate per worker and tritium emissions in all of Ontario Hydro's CANDU reactors. As a byproduct tritium may be sold to civil users. This paper provides an overview of the system design, commissioning philosophy, program and results. Four areas of the plant are considered separately: 1. Main Extraction Process, 2. Tritium Immobilization System, 3. Glove Box Clean Up System, and 4. Support Systems.


A method for analysis of the start-up characteristics of CMOS crystal oscillators is described. The cause of oscillation just after DC power supply switched on is described and confirmed by experiment. The analytical method is outlined for calculation of the overall start-up characteristics of the amplitude of oscillation. Experimental results are given to verify the usefulness of this method.<<ETX>>


Screening of newborns for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism can prevent brain damage and severe intellectual impairment from these conditions. The success of the national programme relies heavily on the input of midwives. This paper reviews the screening programme, with particular emphasis on the stages at which midwives are involved, drawing on the findings of the recent national audit of the programme.


In chemical pulping process, lignin is targeted to be dissolved and eliminated as much as possible in order to obtain better fiber separation. A primary study was carried out to investigate the effect of sodium hydroxide pretreatment prior to bamboo chemical pulping. The selected bamboo species was Gigantochloa scortechinii which is a well-known bamboo in Malaysia. The bamboo chips were soaked in 2 % sodium hydroxide solution for 6 hours at 60 °C. These treated chips were cooked at 14 % and 18 % of alkali active via kraft pulping process. The unbleached pulp was obtained and made into paper. The pulp and paper were tested according to pulp yield, pulp freeness, paper optical, paper physical and paper mechanical properties. The results exhibited that by using treated bamboo chips, the value of pulp yield, freeness and paper brightness increasing. Slight decrement was observed for mechanical paper properties such as tensile, tear and burst strength. Chemical pretreatment prior to pulping process was investigated to offer significant effects to the pulp and paper properties of bamboo Gigantochloa scortechinii. Hence, mild kraft pulping can be carried out to produce bamboo unbleached pulps. In addition, dependency on bleaching sequences can also be declined.


IN REVIEWING T H E PROCEEDINGS OF symposia held elsewhere in recent years on the subject of parenteral nutrition, I have been struck by the paucity of discussion on the subject of minerals. Individual experience and formulations have included brief mention of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate. But in general, consideration of this area has been minimal. Various developments direct attention to this area as one of potential importance to the patient. The first has been the increasing concern about the long-term effects of depletion or surplus of all nutrients as increasing numbers of patients have been maintained on protracted intravenous feeding. Secondly, there is increasing information available on the effects of deficiency in man of certain minerals such as magnesium and phosphate; and thirdly, there is increasing awareness of the potential importance of trace elements. We may divide mineral nutrients into two broad groups on the basis of quantitative requirements, namely, macro minerals (Table 1) and micro minerals or trace elements (Table 2 ) .


The content of trace elements,as a kind of effective tracer,is widely used in the field of resource and environment scientific research.Based on much information from field survey and analytical datum in laboratory in 1999,the paper issued carefully on the changeable character of some special trace elements in Golmud River water from the middle part to the end of Dabsun Salt Lake.The research result demonstrated that there is higher content of B,Li,Pb,Cd but lower amount of Zn and Fe element in river water.The content of B and Li,as special resourceful element in the field of Golmud River watershed,has a characteristic positive correlation.Its ratio ρ (B)/ ρ (Li) value changes greatly with different natural water but has relative stable value in same property water.Due to its particular significance of indication ,it can be used as a kind of index to study the exchangeable relation in different natural waters.By contrast,Li element is more inclined to concentrate in the end region of the migration(Salt Lakes).


Objective To study the effect of nutrientin take in different periods of gestation on fetus intrauterine growth.Methods 239 cases of pregnant women were divided into three groups: ①10~2 weeks;②21~30 weeks;③ upwards of 31 weeks.Nutrient intake was calculated by computer nutrition system.Comparing the incidence rate of fetus intrauterine growth retardance between different periods of gestation and different nutrient intake of reguired dietavy allowanle(RDA).Results Group 1,group2 and group3: Comparison to cases with90%RDA or 110%RDA,the incidence rate of fetus intrauterine growth retardance was higher than that in pregnant women with 110%~90%RDA(P0.05).Conclusion It is important of optimal nutrient intake to reduce the incidence rate of fetus intrauterine growth retardance.


ABSTRACT Earthquakes pose potentially substantial risks to residents in the Western Quebec seismic zone of eastern Canada, where Ottawa and Montreal are located. In eastern Canada, the majority of houses are not constructed to modern seismic standards and most homeowners do not purchase earthquake insurance for their homes. If a devastating earthquake strikes, homeowners would be left unprotected financially. To quantify financial risks to homeowners in the Western Quebec seismic zone, regional earthquake catastrophe models are developed by incorporating up-to-date public information on hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The developed catastrophe models can quantify the expected and upper-tail financial seismic risks by considering a comprehensive list of possible seismic events as well as critical earthquake scenarios based on the latest geological data in the region. The results indicate that regional seismic losses could reach several tens of billions of dollars if a moderate-to-large earthquake occurs near urban centres in the region, such as Montreal and Ottawa. The regional seismic loss estimates produced in this study are useful for informing earthquake risk management strategies, including earthquake insurance and disaster relief policies.


This Letter presents a multi-order bandpass filter (BPF) based on unit cells, which are constructed by coupled lines and microstrip stubs. This BPF unit cell features ultra-wide upper stopband and excellent stopband rejection performance. The external quality factors and coupling coefficients of unit cells are analysed in detail for multi-order BPF design, where transmission lines are adopted as a coupling structure for easy post-fabrication tuning. Following filter coupling matrix theory, two- and three-pole Chebyshev-response BPFs are designed and measured, centred at 1.0 GHz with 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 10%. Experimental results demonstrate excellent out-of-band rejection performances. In two-pole BPF, the upper stopband can reach 4.8 GHz (4.8 f
 0
) with the rejection level of 37 dB. In three-pole BPF, within the stopband frequency of 3.4 GHz (3.4 f
 0
), the rejection level is better than 55 dB, while the upper stopband can be extended to 6.5 GHz (6.5 f
 0
) with the suppression level of above 26.8 dB.


Objective To study different germicidal efficacy of single-chain quaternary ammonium salt and double-chain quaternary ammonium salt on different bacteria,for providing reference to develop compound disinfectants scientifically.Methods Suspension quantitative germicidal test was used to study germicidal efficacy of benzalkonium chloride and didecyl dimethy ammonium bromine.Results The average killing logarithm values of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans in the suspension exposed to the disinfectant solution containing 3 340 mg/L didecyl dimethy ammonium bromine for 0.5 min were 7.27,3.06,3.78 and 2.99 respectively.The average killing logarithm values of S.aureus,E.coli,P.aeruginosa and C.albicans in the suspension exposed to the disinfectant solution containing 500 mg/L benzalkonium chloride for 0.5 min were 7.65,6.05,6.11 and 6.14 respectively.Conclusion The germicidal efficacy of single-chain quaternary ammonium salt is better than that of double-chain quaternary ammonium salt on bacteria and fungi.The germicidal efficacy of two kinds of quaternary ammonium salt on Gram-positive bacteria is better than that on Gram-negative bacteria.


This collection of documents is a selection of official British government records pertaining to the creation of OPEC in 1960, and the activities of precursor and related bodies and events from 1947. The volumes cover OPEC's major meetings from 1960-1973, the reactions and evolving policy decisions on the part of British officials, diplomats and politicians at every level, as well as British interaction, co-operation and differences with the United States and the European Community, through the records of the Cabinet, the Foreign Office, the Ministry of Fuel and Power, Prime Minister's Office and the Treasury. British records are naturally dominated and informed by the relations with the major domestic oil companies, BP and Shell, through which many of the records tracing OPEC's activities were obtained.


Digital anatomy has emerged as an essential subfield of anatomy that processes the human body with the help of a computer. 3D reconstruction tools have been developed over the years, being always complementary to cadaver dissection. Teachers' main goal is to provide a greater understanding of the spatial structures of the body and its internal organs thanks to 3D reconstruction techniques. Manual segmentation and creation of 3D vectorial models is probably the best anatomy learning tool for beginners and students. The aim of this chapter is to show how to create vectorial models from anatomical slices with Winsurf® software, highlighting their educational value. Resulting 3D models could also be used through the interface of virtual dissection, which has been proven to be immensely valuable for anatomy education, particularly by using immersive reality techniques. It could also be the basis of future simulation tools for surgeon training.


Studies have extensively analyzed the effect of hyperglycemia on 18F-FDG uptake in normal tissues and tumors. In this study, we measured SUV in the brain, liver, and blood pool in normoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia to understand the effect of blood glucose on 18F-FDG uptake and to develop a formula to correct SUV. Methods: Whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT images of adults were selected for analysis. Brain SUVmax, blood-pool SUVmean, and liver SUVmean were measured at blood glucose ranges of 61–70, 71–80, 81–90, 91–100, 101–110, 111–120, 121–130, 131–140, 141–150, 151–160, 161–170, 171–180, 181–190, 191–200, and 201 mg/dL and above. At each blood glucose range, 10 PET images were analyzed (total, 150). The mean (±SD) SUV of the brain, liver, and blood pool at each blood glucose range was calculated, and blood glucose and SUV curves were generated. Because brain and tumors show a high expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3, we generated an SUV correction formula based on percentage reduction in brain SUVmax with increasing blood glucose level. Results: Mean brain SUVmax gradually decreased with increasing blood glucose level, starting after a level of 110 mg/dL. The approximate percentage reduction in brain SUVmax was 20%, 35%, 50%, 60%, and 65% at blood glucose ranges of 111–120, 121–140, 141–160, 161–200, and 201 mg/dL and above, respectively. In the formula we generated, measured SUVmax is multiplied by a reduction factor of 1.25, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 2.8 for the blood glucose ranges of 111–120, 121–140, 141–160, 161–200, and 201 mg/dL and above, respectively, to correct SUV. Brain SUVmax did not differ between hypoglycemic and normoglycemic patients (P > 0.05). SUVmean in the blood pool and liver was lower in hypoglycemic patients (P < 0.05) and did not differ between hyperglycemic (P > 0.05) and normoglycemic patients. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia gradually reduces brain 18F-FDG uptake, starting after a blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL. Hyperglycemia does not affect 18F-FDG activity in the liver or blood pool. Hypoglycemia does not seem to affect brain 18F-FDG uptake but appears to reduce liver and blood-pool activity. The simple formula we generated can be used to correct SUV in hyperglycemic adults in selected cases.


The Association's main goals are to promote the preservation of historically significant banking archives, to foster research into banking history, and to aid discussion between academics and bankers.


Used pot cultivation,an elite hybrid Nongda 108 and its parents as well as its three F2∶ 3 families were grown under nitrogen(N) applied(N+) and no N applied(N-) conditions to analyze the chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase(NR) activity and glutamine synthetase(GS) activity of ear leaf in maize.The results showed that the three physiological indexes varied with genotypes significantly.All three indexes of the inbred Xu 178 was the highest,but inbred Huang C was lowest among the 6 testing materials,especially during the grain filling stage.Nitrogen input may increase the three indexes obviously,while the increase range varied with genotypes,material 2(L2) was sensitive to low N stress and its NR activity could be increased obviously by adding N fertilizer,while Xu 178,still as a high nitrogen use efficiency genotype under low N condition,wasn't sensitive to N stress,which offered heredity foundation for Nongda 108 as a high N use efficiency hybrid.


ARTICLE INFO The analysis and design of control system for Adaptive vibration for cantilever beam like structure is presented in this paper. The control system is implemented via semiactive magneto rheological (MR) damper located on the suspension that links the beam to the ground. Project study is concerned with the Single degree of freedom (SDOF) isolation system with MR fluids damper under harmonic excitation. A mathematical model of the MR fluid damper with experimental verification will be adopted. The motion characteristics of the SDOF system with the MR damper will be studied and compare with those of the system with a conventional damper. The energy dissipated and equivalent damping coefficient of the MR damper in terms of input voltage, displacement amplitude and frequency will be investigated. Keywords— Magneto rheological (MR) fluids, Magneto rheological dampers; control system, Carbonyl powder particle; Magnetic field intensity. Article History Received :18 th November 2015 Received in revised form :


Dental radiography is indispensable for diagnosing and treating oral conditions, but it carries inherent radiation risks. Dental students must grasp radiation's effects and safety protocols to ensure patient and practitioner safety.


Buoyant Jets in a crossflow can be described in a simplified manner by means of a ..line impulse model... The model was originally introduced by Priestly and Scorer and has been generalized by the writer to more complex flow situations. In this note, this simplified approach is used to reanalyze the comprehensive and well documented set of data by L. N. Fan.


The Oxford Handbook of John Donne, edited by Jeanne Shami, Dennis Flynn, and M. Thomas Hester. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Pp. xxxvi + 845. ISBN 978-0-19-921860-8.1. This huge and important work is a further contribution to the Oxford series of "Handbooks," which joins volumes devoted to single authors, including Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, and others. In her helpful general introduction, Jeanne Shami declares that this Handbook is not intended merely to summarize what is already known but rather to reveal new directions, or "critical patterns of literary and historical work on John Donne's writings" (1). Fifty-six essays by forty-four contributors provide ample opportunity for this ambitious, yet carefully managed enterprise. The Handbook is set out in four general divisions: Part I is somewhat apologetically named "Research resources in Donne studies and why they matter"; Part II is on "Donne's genres"; Part III considers "Biographical and historical contexts"; and Part IV, the shortest section, has the curiously wordy title: "Problems of literary interpretation that have been traditionally and generally important in Donne studies." Each section has its own brief introduction by one of the editors.2. Most of the contributors are well established and familiar names in early modern scholarship, and many are deeply involved in the magnificent Donne Variorum project, which seeks to present all of the poetry in accordance with current textual knowledge. Under the general editorship of Gary A. Stringer, and a very large number of assistants, Indiana University Press has published four of a projected eight volumes. Stringer's fine essay on "The composition and dissemination of Donne's writings" is the first in the Donne Handbook, and he describes well the concerns and difficulties of "reconstructing" and editing Donne's texts, both in prose and poetry-the latter existing in scores of contemporary manuscript versions. Meanwhile, Donne's 160 extant sermons, and their continuing significance, splendidly discussed in Jeanne Shami's long essay, are receiving other and renewed attention. They are being edited in a new edition, which Peter McCullough is directing for the Oxford University Press; this will replace the familiar one by Potter and Simpson. However, McCullough's work on this edition of sermons, and that of the several editors, is evidently too recent for discussion in this Handbook; and so the brilliant, exegetical study by Katrin Ettinhuber on Donne's Augustine (2011) forms no part of the Donne Handbook. Also, the difficulties in compiling and editing the Prose Letters, while admirably discussed by Margaret Maurer, are great; but they must wait for full disclosure. Perhaps such a book must anticipate as much as remember. Like any bibliography, and certainly for the enormous one attached to this Handbook, there is no end in sight.3. The volume is free of notes of the usual sort, and commentary is carefully eschewed; but references are embedded within the text, often with very great frequency. Sometimes one is reading extended summaries of previous scholarship, with an unhappy clutter of references, a common feature of thesis writing, with little indication of "directions for further work" (663). The short form for abbreviations of Donne's work, adopted from the Variorum, at first is troubling for the general reader who will need to refer frequently to the list of short forms in the Note to Readers (a list that comprises seven closely printed pages). Yet out of concern for completeness, all short forms are given in this list, whether they appear anywhere in the essays that follow, such as "AutHook" Ad Autorem ['Non eget Hookerus'], which is never mentioned. Many forms that do appear are at first obscure to all but devoted students of Donne, or of the Variorum. Many readers will be turning from the front to the back of this very big book, from short forms to bibliography.4. The quality of composition and the careful editing of all the essays is exemplary, and also the thoughtful organization of the entire volume. …


Formation evaluation in thin sand-shale lamination seeks first to determine sand resistivity, volume fraction, and porosity. Afterwards, saturation and volume are simple Archie applications. Resistivity anisotropy techniques can provide estimates of sand resistivity and volume fraction, but good results depend on the choice of the anisotropic shale point. The same shale point should be used in the determination of sand porosity. Difficulties will arise when anisotropy is not caused by sand-shale laminations, when no sand-shale point exists, or when the nearby thick sand-shale is not representative of the sand-shale in the laminations. In producing fields that have undergone several waterfloods, water resistivity is often unknown in the swept thick sands and might not be representative of the water in the unswept thin sands.


The title compound, (C8H20N)[Rh2(C7H6NO)4Cl2]·2CH2Cl2, has the acetamidate-bridged-Rh2 anion on an inversion centre. The tetraethylammonium cation is disordered on another inversion centre. The Rh—Rh bond distance is 2.4265 (13) A; the metal atom shows octahedral coordination. The chloro ligands both occupy axial stes.


Since the reform and opening-up,China's involvement in the globalization process has exerted significant influences on the development of humanities and social sciences in this country.Firstly,globalization expands the global knowledge system,and the Chinese academia shows growing interest in globalization studies.Secondly,besides strengthening academic exchanges with western academic societies in the context of globalization,Chinese academia of humanities and social sciences is increasingly engaged in bilateral knowledge-exchanges with wider global societies,including the developing ones.While trying to understand the global knowledge system,China is also gradually participating in the re-construction of global knowledge system with its own theoretical innovation.Thirdly,the institutional reform of China's university system strengthens their capability of knowledge production,which contributes to the country's academic prosperity.


The purpose of this study was to determine the level of self-confidence, which is a positive attitude of an individual that enables him/herself to develop positive judgments, using group counseling the Cognitive Behavior Therapy Group Counseling Efficacy approach with Self-Instruction Techniques to Increase Self-Confidence. This study uses a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental research methods. The design used in this study used a pretest and multiple posttest repeated measure experimental design. From the results obtained, it can be said that there was significant interaction between times (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up) in the self-confidence group given self-instruction techniques of (M = 85.71, SE = 4.24). Based on the research that has been done, it can be seen that group counseling with self-instruction techniques is effective in increasing the self-confidence of students who use social media at SMP Negeri 13 Semarang.


Abstract The effect of valeric acid on the behavior of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-induced rats by aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg body weight) was assessed using elevated plus maze (EPM) and the Hebb Williams maze (HWM). Amyloid β 1–42(Aβ1–42) biomarker was estimated by ELISA. In this study, valeric acid-treated rats were compared with those treated with piracetam (200 mg/kg), rivastigmine (0.5 mg/kg), and the results showed the rats treated with valeric acid had a very less transfer latency of EPM and HWM when compared with other standard drugs. In addition, valeric acid-treated rats showed reduced levels of amyloid β1–42 biomarker in the plasma. Hence, this study found that valeric acid may be suggested as a better drug for Alzheimer's disease.


This paper accurately estimates the dependency of the efficiency of multi-output Flyback converters from different designing parameters. This task has been accomplished by proposing a dedicated simulation circuitry that accurately models the MOSFET and the passive components. Through a dedicated parametric script, an automatic set of simulations has been performed aiming at providing a powerful tool to identify the optimum value of each designing parameter to maximize efficiency. A prototype of a double-output Flyback converter has been used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model by comparing the bench measurements with the simulation results.


In the context of ecological environment construction, how to create a new development pattern in which environment and economy are coordinated has become an important goal of the Chinese government. From the perspective of the symbiotic development of resource-based industries and non-resource industries, this study discusses the path of green credit optimization of energy consumption structure by using the space Durbin model, based on the panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2019. The study results are as follows: Both green credit and energy consumption structure have a significant positive spatial correlation. Furthermore, the energy consumption structure of local and adjacent areas is significantly optimized by green credit. Additionally, for non-resource-based regions, although green credit has no spatial spillover, it can significantly improve the local energy consumption structure, while green credit in resource-based regions significantly inhibits the optimization of the energy consumption structure in local and adjacent regions. Finally, from the perspective of the symbiotic development of resource-based industries and non-resource industries, although green credit can significantly improve the local energy consumption structure, it will inhibit the optimization of the energy consumption structure in adjacent areas. Therefore, government departments not only need to implement green credit policies according to local conditions but also actively guide exchanges and cooperation between resource-based industries and non-resource industries. This move promotes the symbiotic development of resource-based industries and non-resource industries and simultaneously improves the utilization efficiency of green credit, and optimizes the energy consumption structure.


In recent times, significant advancements have been evidenced in efforts to enhance connectivity and security within intelligent buildings (IBs). An IB is a contemporary structure that leverages state-of-the-art computer technologies to autonomously control the environmental conditions within a building to enhance occupants' comfort, safety, work efficiency, and wellbeing while also ensuring optimal energy consumption. In the access aspect of a telecommunication network for IBs, the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is in the central office. Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDFs) act as the isolation points for additional troubleshooting and further distribute the lines. The MDF is essentially a circuit switch that is typically operated through manual intervention because requests to establish or remove connections are sporadic and occasional. This can be tackled by utilizing Agent Based Systems (ABS) and Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring systems to develop a more holistic perspective of the process by which IDFs and MDF rooms are maintained. Furthermore, it will generate a process overview if we eradicate the process of physically checking a room that is currently used for IoT monitoring. In this research, a case study is presented to determine the feasibility of developing an IoT monitoring system. Currently, the monitoring applied in the case study is long, and over 40% of the equipment has maintenance failures. Distributed simulation of ABS is used to simulate the use of IoT for this project. Its data forecast can be very useful in determining the appropriate actions to improve the process of IDF and MDF and operational cost.


The paper analyses the characters of load in steel enterprise such as high capacity load and the irregularity of active power and reactive power, which change constantly following the change of time and condition of manufacture etc. The satisfactory short term load forecasting is obtained by combining the ANN and wavelet transform through a calculated example of a steel enterprise.


To reconstruct the early tectonic history of the Himalayan orogen before final India-Asia collision, we carried out geochemical and geochronological studies on the Early Cretaceous Aulis Trachyte of the Lesser Himalaya. The trace-element geochemistry of the trachytic lava flows suggests formation in a rift setting, and zircon U-Pb ages indicate that volcanism occurred in Early Cretaceous time. The felsic volcanics show enrichment of more incompatible elements and rare earth elements, a pattern that is identical to the trachyte from the East African Rift (Kenya rift), with conspicuous negative anomalies of Nb, P, and Ti. Although much of the zircon age data are discordant, they strongly suggest an Early Cretaceous eruption age, which is in agreement with the fossil age of intravolcanic siltstones. The Aulis Trachyte provides the first corroboration of Cretaceous rifting in the Lesser Himalaya as suggested by paleomagnetic data associated with the concept that the northern margin of India separated as a microcontinent and drifted north in the Neo-Tethys before terminal collision of India with Asia.


In the gastro-intestinal tract the PepTl transporter is considered to provide the major route for absorption of the end-products of digestive proteolysis and also penicillin antibiotics. The three-dimensional structure of PepTl has not yet been determined, although analyses of the primary structure of the protein suggest that it has twelve a-helical (Fei et a1 1994) or perhaps sixteen P-strand (Barlow, personal communication) transmembrane regions, with both topological models showing a large glycosylated extracellular domain spanning residues 380 to 580. Such a large extracellular domain will undoubtedly serve some functional role in the transporter and, by analogy with the porin family of transporters (Cowan et a1 1992), is likely to provide a key determinant of PepTl 's substrate specificity and also play a part in its opening and closing. Clones found to contain the recombinant plasmid on screening were cultured and harvested in order to prepare plasmid DNA for sequencing. The PepT1loop was then subcloned into the expression vector pRSET-A, allowing the expression of the isolated protein extended at its N-terminus with a polyhistidine tag, permitting purification of the recombinant protein using nickel affinity chromatography.


The presence of an energy barrier to the transfer of holes from the channel to the gate electrode of InAlAs/InGaAs HFET's prevents the gate current from being a reliable indicator of impact ionization. Consequently, we have used a specially designed sidegate structure to demonstrate that due to the narrow bandgap of InGaAs, impact ionization takes place in the channel of these devices under normal operating conditions. The ionization coefficient was found to follow a classic exponential dependence on the inverse electric field at the drain end of the gate, for over three orders of magnitude.<<ETX>>


Abstract A simple method is described whereby millimicromole amounts of extensively purified N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine transmethylase (vitamin B12 transmethylase) can be chemically propylated to yield an inhibited vitamin B12 enzyme which is reactivated with light. The procedure consists of a short incubation of the enzyme with propyl iodide in the presence of reduced flavin mononucleotide and dithiothreitol under hydrogen gas. Formation of a propylated (inhibited) enzyme was correlated with alterations in the visible absorption spectrum of the enzyme. When propyl-1-14C bromide was the alkylating agent a radioactive enzyme was formed which lost radioactivity upon exposure to light. The effects of several reaction parameters on the extent of propylation were examined as was the effect of propylation on four separate transmethylation reactions catalyzed by the vitamin B12 enzyme preparations. Transmethylation reactions which require catalytic amounts of S-adenosylmethionine (AMe) as a cofactor or in which AMe itself is the substrate methyl donor were inhibited by propylation; however, methyl group transfer from methyl-B12 (5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide methyl) to homocysteine was not affected by propylation. Micromolar concentrations of both AMe and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate markedly inhibited propylation as did higher levels of methyl iodide. For the inhibition of propylation by low concentrations of N5-methyltetrahydrofolate a noninhibitory amount of AMe was essential.


The integral relationship between adequate hydration and good health is widely recognised. Older people with complex needs and frailty can struggle to maintain adequate hydration, with residents in care home settings being at an increased risk of dehydration. The aim of this study was to explore current hydration practices in residential care homes in Malta. An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted to explore staff's views and approaches in supporting residents' hydration. Data was collected via semi-structured, individual and small group interviews with staff from two care homes from the central and southern region of Malta. A process of open coding, followed by axial coding, was used to analyse the data. Peer debriefing was performed throughout, until agreement was reached among the research team about the final themes and sub-themes. Three themes emerged from the data: culture of promoting fluid intake; challenges in supporting older people to achieve optimum hydration; hydration practices and approaches. A hydration promotion culture was demonstrated through various practices adopted in the care homes. The strong focus on water intake, in response to concerns about consuming sugary beverages, has implications for the promotion of a person-centred approach to hydration care. Inconsistencies in monitoring of fluids and daily recommended targets highlights the importance of policies or guidelines to guide hydration practice. Challenges related to refusal of fluids and language barriers among non-native staff were evident and justify further research is this area.


The success of phytoseiid mite releases to control spider mites [Eotetranychus carpini (Oudemans) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] on grapevines can be influenced by pesticide use and competition with local predatory mites. In field experiments we evaluated the effect of the release of Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten strains showing field resistance to organophosphates and dithiocarbamates. Predatory mites were released in two vineyards infested by spider mites despite the occurrence of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) and/or Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga. Single or mixed releases were planned. Spider mite populations were not effectively controlled by local predatory mites while successful control was achieved by released species. The effects of releases were higher in the second experimental year. In most cases A. andersoni densities were reduced by T. pyri and K. aberrans releases. Ph. finitimus suffered less than A. andersoni from intraguild predation. Among released species, the effect of the presence of a competitor was higher on T. pyri than on K. aberrans. Results suggest that the outcome of intraguild predation is prey-mediated. The equilibrium level between K. aberrans and T. pyri may depend on which spider mite species is the shared prey. The implications in management of spider mites on grapevines are discussed.


Movement in the context of species distribution models (SDMs) generally refers to a species' ability to access suitable habitat. Movement ability can be determined by some combination of dispersal constraints or migration rates, landscape factors such as patch configuration, disturbance, and barriers, and demographic factors related to age at maturity, mortality, and fecundity. Including movement ability can result in more precise projections that help to distinguish suitable habitat that is or can be potentially occupied, from suitable habitat that is inaccessible. While most SDM studies have ignored movement or conceptualized it in overly simplistic ways (e.g. no dispersal versus unlimited dispersal), it is increasingly important to incorporate realistic information on movement ability, particularly for studies that aim to project future distributions such as climate change forecasting and invasive species applications. This progress report addresses the increasingly complex ways in which movement has been incorporated in SDM and outlines directions for further study.


This article compares the homeownership rates of young households in Australia and the United States and evaluates the impacts of the two countries' different approaches to subsidizing homeownership. Since about 1950, Australia's rate of homeownership has consistently been higher than that of the United States. The homeownership rate for young adults is also significantly higher in Australia. While the United States allows mortgage interest and property taxes to be deducted from income for tax purposes, Australia has provided cash subsidies for down payments and mortgage payments. We conclude that differences in housing costs and household characteristics do not explain differences in ownership rates. We also conclude that differences in subsidy policies have only a minor impact on ownership rates.


Collections of information can be structured in many ways. We sometimes organize information into lists including to-do lists, guest lists, and bestseller lists. Tables, including multiplication tables and periodic tables, have been used to organize information since long before we had spreadsheets to help produce them. Occasionally we organize our relatives into family trees, our friends into phone trees, and our employees into organizational charts (which are really just trees). Given that there are many ways of organizing the contents of a collection, Java provides several mechanisms for representing and manipulating collections. In Chapter 10, we saw how recursive structures could be used to manage collections. In this chapter we will introduce another feature of the Java language that supports collections of data, the array. In particular, we will see how arrays can be used to organize collections of data as lists and tables. To introduce the use of arrays in a context that is both important and familiar, we will begin by focusing on just one application of arrays in this chapter. We will explore how arrays can be used to manipulate the information that describes a digital image. Even relatively small digital images are composed of thousands of dots of color known as pixels. We will see that arrays provide a very natural way to manipulate the collection of information that describes an image's pixels. We will learn how we can transform images by manipulating the arrays that describe them. We will explore array algorithms to perform operations like scaling and rotation of images. When an image is represented within a computer, the colors of the parts of the image are represented numerically. This is accomplished by dividing the picture into a grid of tiny squares called pixels and then using numbers to describe the color of each pixel. There are many schemes that can be used to represent colors numerically. These schemes typically use several numbers to describe each color but di↵er in how they interpret these numbers. In one scheme, known as RGB, the numbers describe the amount of red, green, and blue light that should be mixed to produce a pixel's color. In another called HSB, three numbers are used to describe qualities of the color referred to as its hue, saturation and brightness. Of course, there is nothing magic about the number three. There is at least one system for describing colors that uses …


A design of encryption cards controlling multiple cipher chips' high-rate parallel operation based on FPGA is proposed in this paper. According to the design method, we can achieve that multiple encryption card operates encryption in parallel way, which can improve the encryption and decryption rate of the encryption card without enhancing the performance of encryption chip, moreover, increase the key generation rate and management level of the key management system.


This article presents reformation and enlightenment activity of Stjepan Buzolic. Through his educational and social work he contributed to the great extent to reformation movement in Dalmatia and through his actions to enlightenment of the people. This paper builds on the hitherto published literature on Buzolic, published and unpublished sources. The paper provides analysis of Buzolic's literary works with the objective of emphasizing his reformation and enlightenment idea. The intention of this paper is to highlight the importance of Stjepan Buzolic in the context of reformation movement in Dalmatia, since his work did not receive sufficient acknowledgement in the present Croatian historiography.


Healthcare worker burnout has been linked to increased patient safety risk, low work professionalism, and low satisfaction with the care encounter. This study aimed to find the prevalence and factors associated with burnout among healthcare workers in acute care settings at a national referral hospital in Tanzania.


The proper choice of disintegrants or superdisintegrants and its consistency of performance are of critical task for formulation development. Most of papers published on the choice of superdisintegrant show varying results on the dissolution profile of drug. Hence, this research aimed in reasoning the effect of superdisintegrant on various drugs with respect to their solubility characteristics or their BCS classification. This study was conducted to explore the impact of superdisintegrant selection on the rate of dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. At a time when formulators are faced with increasing numbers of poorly soluble drugs, it has become very important to select superdisintegrants to maximize drug dissolution. For this purpose, superdisintegrants like Plantago ovata husk, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG), Crospovidone (CRP), Croscarmellose sodium (CCS), were studied on individual formulation of Diclofenac free acid and Aspirin. It was found that the relationship between disintegration time is dependent on the type of system and in particular the solubility characteristic of the entire system.


Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium with the unique ability to transfer DNA into plant genomes. This transfer is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved type IV secretion system (T4SS) comprising VirD4 coupling protein and 11 VirB proteins (VirB1 to VirB11). All VirB proteins are required for the production of T-pilus, which consists of processed VirB2 (T-pilin) and VirB5 as major and minor subunits, respectively. VirB2 is an essential component of T4SS, but the roles of VirB2 and the assembled T-pilus in Agrobacterium virulence and the T-DNA transfer process remain unknown. In this study, we generated 34 VirB2 amino acid substitution variants to study the functions of VirB2 involved in VirB2 stability, extracellular VirB2/T-pilus production and virulence of A. tumefaciens. From the capacity for extracellular VirB2 production (ExB2+ or ExB2-) and tumorigenesis on tomato stems (Vir+ or Vir-), the mutants could be classified into three groups: ExB2-/Vir-, ExB2-/Vir+, and ExB2+/Vir+. We also confirmed by electron microscopy that five ExB2-/Vir+ mutants exhibited a wild-type level of virulence with their deficiency in T-pilus formation and therefore renamed as T-pilus-/Vir+ mutants. Interestingly, although the five T-pilus-/Vir+ uncoupling mutants retained a wild-type level of tumorigenesis efficiency on tomato stems and/or potato tuber discs, their transient transformation efficiency in Arabidopsis seedlings was highly attenuated. In conclusion, we have provided evidence for a role of T-pilus in Agrobacterium transformation process and have identified the domains and amino acid residues critical for VirB2 stability, T-pilus biogenesis, tumorigenesis, and transient transformation efficiency. In view of the potential applications of the transient transformation assay using the Arabidopsis seedlings in gene functional studies, further systematic investigations of various biological factors and growth variances were performed to define a combination of key factors that maximize the high transient transformation and reporter gene expression efficiency in Arabidopsis seedlings. Using β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter for Agrobacterium transient transformation assay, we found that the use of a specific disarmed Agrobacterium strain with vir gene pre-induction resulted in high transient expression levels in all infected young Arabidopsis seedlings. The presence of AB salts in plant culture medium buffered with acidic pH 5.5 during Agrobacterium infection greatly enhanced transient expression levels, which are significantly higher than two existing methods. Importantly, the highly increased transient expression efficiency is not only achieved in the immune receptor mutant efr-1 but also in wild type Col-0 seedlings. Finally, this high transformation efficiency enabled the versatile applicability of the method for examining transcription factor actions and circadian reporter-gene regulation, as well as protein subcellular localization and protein–protein interactions in physiological contexts. This simple, fast, reliable, and robust transient expression system is named as AGROBEST (Agrobacterium-mediated enhanced seedling transformation), which elevates the transient expression technology to the level of functional studies in Arabidopsis seedlings and offers a new system to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer.


Fiscal compliance rules—technical rules governing how states and school districts may use their federal money and how they must document that use—are pervasive throughout federal education law. The purpose of these rules is to hold state and local educational agencies accountable for their spending choices under federal law. Yet, as this chapter demonstrates, the multilayered bureaucratic system in which the rules are embedded actually works against the public accountability they were designed to promote. The chapter describes the institutional system of federal grants administration and how it oversees and enforces fiscal rules. After explaining the importance of these rules to state and local educational agencies, the chapter argues that the fiscal compliance rules would be more valuable in promoting accountability—and thereby would better serve students—if the system as a whole provided clearer and more accessible rules and required documented reason-giving under these rules in publicly available fora.


Usually, the optimal integration of thyristor-controlled series compensators (TCSCs) aims at enhancing power system performance like all of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices. The insertion of TCSC unites targets to minimize active/reactive power losses, increase transmission-lines flow reserve beyond the thermal limit, and improve the voltage profile while maintaining the total generation cost of the system slightly affected compared to its single objective base case. In this paper, the optimal power flow (OPF) framework is considered to find the best site and size of the TCSCs devices considering techno-economic issues for reducing the costs of installed TCSCs devices as well as for generation costs. An adaptive parallel seeker optimization algorithm (APSOA) is investigated to employ this techno-economic study. The proposed APSOA is used to solve the multi-objective OPF problem while LSR reduces the search space. The proposed algorithm is tested over three IEEE standards with 9–, 30– and 57-bus test systems at normal and contingency operating conditions. Also, a large system of IEEE 118-bus is used also in order for the proposed technique to be adopted by industry, sound solutions for practical and realistic test systems are needed besides proof of concept on small IEEE test systems. Four-study cases considered to demonstrate the capabilities and gains of the proposed method from the point of view of reducing losses and total voltage deviation to lower levels as compared to those on literature for better energy utilization efficiency.


Chloroform extracted compound from Venenum bafonis and its analgesic effect and inhibition of cultured T lymphoma cell and Hela cell were studied.The qualitative analysis of the compound was done by TLC and mice acetic acid writhing and mice hot plate methods were used to determine the analgesic effect.Under the microscope,the inhibition effects of T-lymphoma cell and Hela cell treated by the compound were observed by TRYPAN-Blue assay.Comparing the negative control,the writhing times of the mice reduced and mice threshold of pain raised remarkably.The growth of T-lymphoma cell and Hela cell could be inhibited remarkably and also the apoptosis of T lymphoma cell and Hela cell could be induced obviously.


Time-continuous detection of cells on substrates without the need of optical microscopic imaging is of broad interest in biotechnological applications. We present a method how to detect cancer cells using voltage noise caused by cell adhesion which is recorded by high-density CMOS-based microelectrode arrays. We analyze our data in terms of spectral power density for two different types of arrays, each of them being optimized in a different working regime.


We study the problem of secure key establishment. We critically examine the security models of Bellare and Rogaway (1993) and Canetti and Krawczyk (2001) in the computational complexity approach, as these models are central in the understanding of the provable security paradigm. We show that the partnership definition used in the three-party key distribution (3PKD) protocol of Bellare and Rogaway (1995) is flawed, which invalidates the proof for the 3PKD protocol. We present an improved protocol with a new proof of security. We identify several variants of the key sharing requirement (i.e., two entities who have completed matching sessions, partners, are required to accept the same session key). We then present a brief discussion about the key sharing requirement. We identify several variants of the Bellare and Rogaway (1993) model. We present a comparative study of the relative strengths of security notions between the several variants of the Bellare-Rogaway model and the Canetti-Krawczyk model. In our comparative study, we reveal a drawback in the Bellare, Pointcheval, and Rogaway (2000) model with the protocol of Abdalla and Pointcheval (2005) as a case study.

We prove a revised protocol of Boyd (1996) secure in the Bellare-Rogaway model. We then extend the model in order to allow more realistic adversary capabilities by incorporating the notion of resetting the long-term compromised key of some entity. This allows us to detect a known weakness of the protocol that cannot be captured in the original model. We also present an alternative protocol that is efficient in both messages and rounds. We prove the protocol secure in the extended model. We point out previously unknown flaws in several published protocols and a message authenticator of Bellare, Canetti, and Krawczyk (1998) by refuting claimed proofs of security. We also point out corresponding flaws in their existing proofs. We propose fixes to these protocols and their proofs. In some cases, we present new protocols with full proofs of security. We examine the role of session key construction in key establishment protocols, and demonstrate that a small change to the way that session keys are constructed can have significant benefits. Protocols that were proven secure in a restricted Bellare-Rogaway model can then be proven secure in the full model. We present a brief discussion on ways to construct session keys in key establishment protocols and also prove the protocol of Chen and Kudla (2003) secure in a less restrictive Bellare-Rogaway model. To complement the computational complexity approach, we provide a formal specification and machine analysis of the Bellare-Pointcheval-Rogaway model using an automated model checker, Simple Homomorphism Verification Tool (SHVT). We demonstrate that structural flaws in protocols can be revealed using our framework. We reveal previously unknown flaws in the unpublished preproceedings version of the protocol due to Jakobsson and Pointcheval (2001) and several published protocols with only heuristic security arguments. We conclude this thesis with a listing of some open problems that were encountered in the study.


Much higher plastic strain of 4% in Ce-TZP ceramics was produced by a novel thermal-mechanical process below 450°C. Observation by TEM showed that there were abundant dislocation pile-ups associated with a few martensitic laths in the deformed samples. The density of dislocations increased with thermal-mechanical cycles. These suggested that dislocation multiplication was caused by the high local stress concentration in front of a martensitic lath during the thermal-mechanical deformation. The generation and movement of dislocations introduced extra plasticity beside the transformation plasticity caused by martensite. Meanwhile, movement of dislocations relaxes the interface stress at martensitic laths to prevent reverse martensitic transformation and early cracking of the specimens. The results are discussed in terms of thermal-mechanical action and dislocation multiplication.


Thotteasivarajaniivar.anamalaianavar.nov., discovered from theAnamalaihills of Western Ghats, India is described and illustrated. The woody habit,comparatively less pubescent inflorescence and flowers, glabrous stem, petiole and fruits,highly reducedstaminodes, prominent bracts and bracteolesetc. are some of the characteristics that delimit thisvariety from the species proper.


Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) adversely affects the number of organs and systems of the human body. The most frequently affected organ is the lung, followed by skeletal muscles, which can lead to fatigue, weakness, and poor physical performance. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the grip strength, core strength, 6-min walk test (6-MWT), and pulmonary function test (PFT) between healthy individuals and post-COVID-19 individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted for the comparison among the post-COVID-19 participants and the healthy ones. Their demographic characteristics were noted. We analyzed heart rate, oxygen saturation, and cardiac rhythm before and 10 min after the 6-MWT and also PFT, core strength, and hand grip strength. The correlations among the tests if any were noted. Results: Forty-six post-COVID-19 individuals and 44 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 39.18 ± 13.12 years for healthy individuals and 37.28 ± 11.68 for post-COVID individuals with 62% of the female population. The mean distance for a 6-min walk distance was 506.68 ± 64.75 m for healthy individuals and 430.30 ± 52.96 for post-COVID-19 individuals (P < 0.000). The mean value for PFT was 85.59 ± 6.78 for healthy and 72.28 ± 6.20 for post-COVID individuals. We found a positive correlation between PFT with core endurance (P = 0.036) and hand strength (P = 0.037), core endurance with 6-MWT (P = 0.006) and hand strength (P = 0.00), and 6-MWT with hand strength (P ≤ 0.001) in post-COVID participants; whereas no correlation was found in healthy participants group. Conclusion: The PFT correlated significantly with core endurance and hand grip strength on post-COVID-19 individuals.


In connection with the existing problem in mobile equipment for forest zones,a new chassis is proposed for crushing machine with automatic loading and unloading functions.For the designed equipment,its running system,frame,support systems,hydraulic systems,braking systems and steering systems are introduced.With CATIA simulation software,a 3D model for the main parts of the machine is established,an assembly test is achieved,and strength analysis for the chassis is carried out.


Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was measured in extracts of isolated kidney cortex tubules, prepared by collagenase treatment. The measured activities were comparable to those described previously for whole kidney homogenates.

Incubation of tubules in vitro in the absence of exogenous substrates led to a steady increase in enzyme activity over 30 min. This increase was not significantly changed by the addition of several gluconeogenic substrates including lactate, glutamine, glutamate, glycerol, fructose and malate. 1 mM oleate, 5 mM acetate and 20 mM 2-oxoglutarate however, prevented this increase completely. In contrast, glucose and dihydroxyacetone accelerated the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase during incubation in vitro. 20 mM pyruvate very rapidly activated pyruvate dehydrogenase with a following decrease below the activity of control experiments without substrate. 1 mM oleate and 20 mM 2-oxoglutarate counteracted the increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity caused by glucose and dihydroxyacetone and had no effect in the presence of 20 mM pyruvate.

Determination of the inactive part of pyruvate dehydrogenase after addition of purified pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase revealed that all changes observed were probably caused by enzymatic interconversion of pyruvate dehydrogenase.

The results are compared with previously published observations on the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo and confirm the role of fatty acids in the regulation of kidney cortex pyruvate metabolism.


We have applied the state-space model to the Korean stock market under restrictions imposed by the present-value relation. Our main findings are (i)...


ABSTRACT FROM: Conti V, Venegoni M, Cocci A, et al . Antipsychotic drug exposure and risk of pulmonary embolism: a population-based, nested case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2015;15:92.

A recent meta-analysis only identified three studies that investigated the association between pulmonary embolism and exposure to antipsychotics.1 It failed to detect a significant association, but the effect size was high and the CI was very wide, raising some concerns about a possible lack of statistical power (OR 4.90, 95% CI 0.77 to 30.98). This nested case–control study was conducted to assess whether exposure to antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism, using a large administrative claims database.

Data were extracted from the regional health insurance database of Lombardy, Italy. The database routinely collects demographic and administrative information, as well as data on drugs dispensed outside hospitals and on hospital discharge forms with diagnoses.

 The study included 84 253 patients aged 18 years and over who were starting a new antipsychotic drug treatment, over 2 years, from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013. Patients with a recorded diagnosis of neoplasm, hip …


This paper is concerned with the control of hybrid electric vehicles. In the vast literature on the subject, focus is put on the minimization of the fuel consumption. To do so, the deterministic optimal control theory is intensively used. The major concern regarding this approach is the need for driving conditions to be known in advance. In this paper, we suggest to consider the driving cycle as a stochastic process, and make use of the stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) to design the power load sharing. We formulate a weighted criterion to minimize fuel consumption and allow for drivability conditions at the same time. The resulting control law may easily be implemented online as a static mapping function of the powertrain state. We provide simulation results based on a parallel HEV case study. We use statutory cycles to build a database of randomly generated cycles. This allows to assess the relevancy of this approach by comparing optimal fuel consumption (using deterministic programming), for each cycle, to the score obtained via the SDP framework. These preliminary results show that the SDP is a promising control tool to overcome the drawbacks inherent to the classical approaches.


In this paper we obtain some weighted generalizations of Ostrowski type inequalities on time scales involving combination of weighted �-integral means, i.e., a weighted Ostrowski type inequality on time scales involving combination of weighted �-integral means, two weighted Ostrowski type inequalities for two functions on time scales, and some weighted perturbed Ostrowski type inequalities on time scales. We also give some other interesting inequalities and recapture some known results as special cases.


The study seeks an in-depth understanding of how gender is being constructed in elementary school. More specifically, the essay aims at investigating the creation of gender during free play at the ...


Since CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller), which mimics the recognition process of human cerebellum, is an artificial neural network (ANN) characterized by the fast learning or high convergence, it is easy to be programmed for online learning and real-time control. Diversified applications have exhibited the learning and solution abilities of CMAC; nevertheless, CMAC has an unstable learning performance in certain experimental cases presented by Chen and Chang (1996, 1995 and 1994). To overcome the above CMAC learning instability, a GA (genetic algorithm) is used as an alternative approach to train CMAC in this paper. GA is an optimization technique that mimics genetic changes in the life evolutionary process. It takes advantage of the multiple starting points for searching an optimal solution within a relatively short computational time. By comparing the standard CMAC and the GA-based CMAC (GACMAC), the usefulness of the GACMAC for overcoming the CMAC learning instability was verified by experimenting the Chan and Chang's time series control problem. More general cases are needed to study for the confirmation of the alternative CMAC training performance in the near future


Abstract—The advent of fiber sensor has opened up a plenty of opportunities to perimeter security. Damaging activities can cause fiber vibrate whose signals will be collected as data source for detection and identification. In this paper we formulate identifying damaging activities by vibration signals as a classification problem. We design features that characterize vibration signals by combining both the statistic and time-frequency information. In addition, a novel multi-class classification tree of Support Vector Machine (SVM) is introduced to recognize vibration signals. Experimental results show that the proposed feature extraction scheme and classification method yields a high recognition rate of 94.6% for nine different kinds of damaging activities, much better than other results reported ever since.


This paper presents trends in new types of steel-concrete composite bridge decks and piers in Japan, and focuses mainly on composite girders, slabs, and columns. Since 1953, many simple supported composite bridges were built in Japan, but this type of bridge has been built less often during the last two decades. Continuous composite girder bridges show a similar tendency. All continuous bridges constructed since 1973 have been non-prestressed. To increase the durability and load-carrying capacity of bridge slabs, and shorten construction times, various types of slabs for composite girders have been developed, mainly for simple span bridges. Composite girder bridges, using prestressed precast concrete slabs, have been developed recently in Japan. Other types of composite girder bridges include those with a corrugated steel web plate and external cables. The use of steel-concrete composite decks is likely to increase, due to the rapid deterioration of ordinary reinforced concrete slabs for highway bridges. Composite decks in Japan are generally partially precast, and are mainly steel plate-concrete slab composite or concrete-filled steel grillage composite. Applicable bridge types for composite columns are discussed briefly, and the mathematical theory of their strength and ductility is outlined.


An approximation within Wertheim's second order perturbation theory is proposed which allows for the development of a general solution for pure component fluids with an arbitrary number and functionality of association sites. The solution is closed, concise and general for all second order effects such as ring formation, steric hindrance and hydrogen bond cooperativity. The approach is validated by comparison to hydrogen bond structure data for liquid water.


This chapter provides the only up-to-date overview of Japanese environmental law available in English. Starting with a systematic overview of the allocation of powers with respect to Japanese environmental law, it takes into account the constitutional basis of environmental protection, the Environmental Basic Law, the Environmental Basic Plans for environmental conservation, and the environmental planning frameworks set for prefectures and municipalities. The analysis then turns to the substance of environmental law as it applies to nature conservation, air quality, noise protection, waste management, water quality, hazardous substances, environmental impact assessment, and climate change. The chapter also considers the implementation framework for environmental law, including civil liability in tort, civil injunctive remedies, administrative trials and pre-trial review, state liability, and environmental alternative dispute resolution (mediation, conciliation, formal arbitration, and informal arbitration). Finally, it discusses the issues surrounding the inclusion of nuclear energy law in the corpus of Japanese environmental law.


Diagnostic laparoscopy or thoracoscopy can improve diagnosis of occult injuries to the diaphragm and reduce the risk of serious late morbidity


Fly-fishing and lure fishing have been positioned as sports deliberately different from the traditional Japanese fishing-style. In the case of lure fishing, casting is the element which anglers must master in order to cast a lure at an appropriate position. Lure fishing constitutes various elements, for example, casting, reeling, hooking and landing, but the importance that casting holds is extremely large. This study uses experimental and computational analysis to investigate the dynamic behavior of lure casting. The casting process and the timing of the line leaves are important for the proper presentation of lure. Moreover, the shape of a rod before the lure released is important for a long cast or controlled cast. However, it is difficult to grasp the phenomenon or to make a numerical model. Therefore, the most suitable casting method will be clarified from the viewpoint of sports engineering and human dynamics. In this paper, the system of rod and lure is modeled, and the behavior of the rod and the flying distance of a lure are calculated in the case that line tension is considered. The difference of the behavior and flying distance with line tension is investigated. And suitable timing that angler releases the line is clarified. Moreover, hang length of lure is investigated and proper length is obtained.


textabstractGovernments use activation policies to stimulate unemployed citizens in finding work. Caseworkers are, as front-line workers, responsible for concrete activation trajectories based on these activation policies. Little is known about how caseworkers try to get clients to participate in these activation trajectories. In a qualitative, inductive study (consisting of observations and reflective interviews) in two welfare agencies, we identified 10 motivational strategies that caseworkers employed. The full-range leadership model appeared to be an appropriate perspective to understand, systematize, and reflect on these strategies, in particular as our analyses show that these motivational strategies can be placed on a continuum ranging from laissez-faire to transactional and transformational strategies. We found that caseworkers matched their motivational strategy to the situation and client but preferred transformational strategies. Our findings implicate chances but also challenges for activation in practice and literature on front-line workers.


Between 2020 and 2021, different urban centers around the world restricted their activities after the waves of infections and the increase in deaths caused by covid-19, from essential activities to those that allow human development, such as social interaction, recreation, and culture. As a result of this measure, pre-pandemic projects are described that have already given new meaning to physical and virtual space and audiovisual design, while standing out as post-pandemic alternatives to be reinterpreted by artists or designers to diversify the user experience in more flexible, open, hybrid and even mobile environments.