This paper presents an experimental investigation into effect of internal structure of VLCC's cargo hold on sloshing loads. In ordinary double hull VLCC, one row of cross-tie is arranged in the center tanks to increase transverse strength. However, installation of cross-tie structure is a time-consuming work and require dangerous jobs of workers at shipyard. Also it makes some problems such as crack due to the loads and stress concentration during the partial filled voyage of VLCC. DSME has developed a new type of mid ship section of VLCC to increase productivity and structural integrity. The cross-tie in the center tanks is removed and the depth of vertical web and stringer is increased in the developed design. The experimental comparisons of the sloshing pressures between two designs are carried out to validate developed mid ship section of VLCC. Simplified scaled model with removal cross-tie is excited by using regular and irregular motions. It is concluded that the tendency to increase the sloshing pressure in the cross-tieless tank is acceptable level.


nd bovine heart mitochondria,which catalyses the transformation between ATP and ADPPi by using the energy of electrochemical proton gradient derived from electron transport.In the past several years,the progress of the study on the enzyme is rapid and we have known much more about the structure,function and the reconstitution of the ATP synthase.The work of biochemistry and molecularbiology in the enzyme has recovered the subunits and its function of the H~ -ATPase,at the same time,we have built the catalysis mechanism of synthase.This paper has summarized the variety development of the mitochondrial ATPase,and put forward several questions for discussion.


We show that the minimal symplectic area of Lagrangian submanifolds are universally bounded in symplectically aspherical domains with vanishing symplectic cohomology. If an exact domain admits a $k$-semi-dilation, then the minimal symplectic area is universally bounded for $K(\pi,1)$-Lagrangians. As a corollary, we show that Arnold chord conjecture holds for the following four cases: (1) $Y$ admits an exact filling with $SH^*(W)=0$ (for some ring coefficient); (2) $Y$ admits a symplectically aspherical filling with $SH^*(W)=0$ and simply connected Legendrians; (3) $Y$ admits an exact filling with a $k$-semi-dilation and the Legendrian is a $K(\pi,1)$ space; (4) $Y$ is the cosphere bundle $S^*Q$ with $\pi_2(Q)\to H_2(Q)$ nontrivial and the Legendrian has trivial $\pi_2$. In addition, we obtain the existence of homoclinic orbits in case (1). We also provide many more examples with $k$-semi-dilations in all dimensions $\ge 4$.


The flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) has been used as anti-inflammatory drug in the folk medicine recipe and been proved its anti-inflammatory effect in the oriental medicine. However, the action mechanism of Lonicera japonica that exhibits anti-inflammatory effects has not been determined. Since nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major inflammatory parameter, we studied the effect of aqueous extracts of Lonicera japonica (AELJ) on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. NO and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) level were significantly reduced in LPS-stimulated macrophages by AELJ compared to those without Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that AELJ blocked the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), which was considered to be a potential transcription factor for the iNOS expression. AELJ also blocked the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (IkB-). Furthermore, IkB kinase alpha (IKK), which is known to phosphorylate serine residues of IkB directly, is inhibited by AELJ in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that AELJ could exert its anti-inflammatory actions by suppressing the synthesis of NO through inhibition of NF-kB activity.


Abstract— On September 15th, 2007, around 11:45 local time in Peru, near the Bolivian border, the atmospheric entry of a meteoroid produced bright lights in the sky and intense detonations. Soon after, a crater was discovered south of Lake Titicaca. These events have been detected by the Bolivian seismic network and two infrasound arrays operating for the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty Organization, situated at about 80 and 1620 km from the crater. The localization and origin time computed with the seismic records are consistent with the reported impact. The entry elevation and azimuthal angles of the trajectory are estimated from the observed signal time sequences and back‐azimuths. From the crater diameter and the airwave amplitudes, the kinetic energy, mass and explosive energy are calculated. Using the estimated velocity of the meteoroid and similarity criteria between orbital elements, an association with possible parent asteroids is attempted. The favorable setting of this event provides a unique opportunity to evaluate physical and kinematic parameters of the object that generated the first actual terrestrial meteorite impact seismically recorded.


Introduction: The emergence of antifungal resistance patients after long-term antifungal treatment shows an urgent need to develop new antifungal therapies. The ability of Candida albicans cells to form biofilm is resistant to many antifungal agents; it causes about 90% of vaginal yeast infections. Farnesol has a critical regulatory (quorum-sensing) molecule in C. albicans biofilm formation, a phenomenon that may be relevant to C. albicans biofilm formation. This study aims to prophesy the effect of Farnesol against pre-formed Candida albicans biofilms on the Intra-uterine devices (IUDs) users in Egypt.

 The study was carried out in The Delta region, Egypt, and included 325 females using IUDs with vaginitis syndromes with a median age of 20 to 45 years. About 291 (58.75%) Candida albicans were isolated from all cases. Vaginal swabs and IUDs were collected. The cultural characters identified the isolated organisms; the formation of biofilm in vitro was identified by (polystyrene multiwell microtitre plates (96 flat bottoms wells & Polymetheylmethacrylate strips (PMMA)). Antifungal susceptibility testing of plaktonic cells was identified by (The broth microdilution method, Spectrophotometric Modified Microdilution Method, and Colorimetric Modified Microdilution Method). In vitro activity of clinically used fluconazole, amphotericin B, and farnesol against pre-formed biofilms formed using RPMI was assessed using the XTT-reduction assay.

 Values of Candida biofilm untreated with antifungals were 11 independent biofilms formed in each of 8 different rows of the same 96 wells microtiter plate. The experiments showed the increased resistance of sessile C. albicans cells to fluconazole and amphotericin B. Farnesol was the only antifungal agent which showed potent activity indicated by the low SMIC80 values (0.03125μg/ml).

 This study highlights the drastic reduction of Franesol on C.albicans biofilm. We recommend using Franesol as an antifungal agent for C.albicans in Egypt.


The article describes the approaches to occupational risk assessment for workers' reproductive health exposed to harmful factors of chemical etiology, risk management, violation predictions, unresolved topical issues, medico-social threat to reproductive health of workers and their offspring, compensation for hazards.


Intelligent Tutoring System is a tutor behaviour system  which can be used as an alternative goal for interactive e-learning and distant learning. This system can provide an adaptive system to support student's learning and retention process based on their characteristic and needed. There are development method such as bayesian network, and neural network that can build fundamental component of Intelligent Tutoring System. This paper will give some concepts and examples for implementing those method from other papers.
Index Terms—intelligent tutoring system, artificial intelligent, neural network, bayesian network, ontology


In this study, a series of perovskite oxides LaCo1−xPtxO3−δ (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) were prepared by the citric acid–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CA–EDTA) complexing sol–gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, the samples were investigated as OER and HER bifunctional electrocatalysts in alkaline media. Compared with other catalysts, LaCo0.94Pt0.06O3−δ had good stability and presented more activity at a lower overpotential of 454 mV (at 10 mA cm−2), a lower Tafel slope value of 86 mV dec−1 and a higher mass activity of 44.4 A g−1 for OER; it displayed a lower overpotential of 294 mV (at −10 mA cm−2), a lower Tafel slope value of 148 mV dec−1 and a higher mass activity of −34.5 A g−1 for HER. The improved performance might depend on a larger ECSA, faster charge transfer rate and higher ratio of the highly oxidative oxygen species (O22−/O−). Furthermore, the eg orbital filling of Co approaching 1.2 in the B site might play a leading role.


The NULL-PLEASE score (Nonshockable rhythm, Unwitnessed arrest, Long no-flow or Long low-flow period, blood pH <7.2, Lactate >7.0 mmol/L, End-stage renal disease on dialysis, Age ≥85 years, Still resuscitation, and Extracardiac cause) was developed to help identify patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who are unlikely to survive. Although survival after OHCA differs between sexes, the performance of the NULL-PLEASE score according to sex has not been tested previously.

 To validate the NULL-PLEASE score separately in men and women in a nationwide setting.

 Using Danish nationwide registry data from 2001–2019, we retrospectively identified male and female OHCA survivors with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation at hospital arrival. The primary outcome was 1-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were defined as 30-day mortality and the combination of 1-year mortality or anoxic brain damage. Logistic regression with a NULL-PLEASE score of 0 as reference was used for outcome risk estimation. The predictive ability of the score was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUCROC) curves.

 A total of 2,601 men (median age 67 years (interquartile range (IQR) 56–76 years), and 1,280 women (median age 69 years (IQR 58–79 years) were included. One-day mortality was 31% in men and 42% in women; 30-day mortality was 56% and 71% in men and women, respectively; and 63% of men and 78% of women experienced the combined outcome. For patients with a NULL-PLEASE score ≥9, absolute risks were: 1-day mortality: 82.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.6–88.4%) for men and 79.1% (95% CI: 71.3–86.8%) for women; 30-day mortality: 98.6% (95% CI: 96.6–100.0) for men and 97.1% (95% CI: 94.0–100.0%) for women; and the combined outcome: 99.3% (95% CI: 97.9–100.0%) for men and 97.1% (95% CI: 94.0–100.0%) for women. AUCROC values for 1-day mortality were 0.827 (95% CI: 0.811–0.844) for men and 0.736 (95% CI: 0.710–0.763) for women. Results were similar for 30-day mortality and for the combined outcome. ROC curves for all outcomes are shown in Figure 1 (men) and Figure 2 (women). For a NULL-PLEASE score cut-point ≥3 to predict 1-day mortality, the positive predictive value was 91.8% in men and 91.1% in women, with a sensitivity of detecting patients who die of 47.3% in men and 51.8% in women. The corresponding negative predictive value for surviving more than 1 day was 54.6% in men and 37.7% in women, and the specificity of detecting patients who survive was 93.7% in men and 85.3% in women.

 In a nationwide OHCA-cohort, the NULL-PLEASE score consistently appeared to perform better in men than in women for all outcomes. Nevertheless, its predictive ability was high among both sexes. Sex-specific differences should not be overlooked in clinical decision-making in patients surviving OHCA.

 Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Danish Heart FoundationThe Danish Foundation TrygFonden


This paper presents an implementation of real-time speaker localization using audio-visual information. Four channels of microphone signals are processed to detect vertical as well as horizontal speaker positions. At first short-time average magnitude difference function(AMDF) signals are used to determine whether the microphone signals are human voices or not. And then the orientation and distance information of the sound sources can be obtained through interaural time difference. Finally visual information by a camera helps get finer tuning of the angles to speaker. Experimental results of the real-time localization system show that the performance improves to 99.6% compared to the rate of 88.8% when only the audio information is used.


Abstract The binuclear complexes Cu2(C10H12ONS)2X2, where X = Cl, Br, have been synthesized and characterized and the X-ray structure determination of Cu2(C10H12ONS)2Br2 is reported. The ligand originally prepared has been oxidized (along with the metal ion) and changed into a bidentate ligand. Copper(II) has a distorted square planar coordination with Cu-S 2.242(2) A and Cu-Br 2.318(1) A. In the structure, two Cu atoms are linked by bridging oxygen atoms with Cu-O 1.908(4) A and Cu-Cu 3.042 A.


Biosensors based on functionalized metal oxide nanostructures, such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and Nickel Oxide (NiO), and have been demonstrated using electrochemical methods. Those nanostructures can be deposited on both rigid and flexible substrates at low temperature using rather simple and low-cost processes. Recently, it was discovered that decorating the metal oxide nanostructures with noble metal nanoparticles opens the doors to fabricating biosensors to detect volatile organic compounds.The aim of this work is to improve the knowledge and understanding of a novel composite material structure where wide bandgap semiconductor metal oxide nanostructures are decorated with gold nanoparticles that their surface can be either decorated by functional biological material or converted to catalytic Pt (or Pd) shell. The metal nanoparticle surface functionalization poses some material-related questions regarding the behavior of that nano-structured material, especially when exposed to biological electrolytes or volatile organic compounds (e.g. Ethylene). This will allow us to develop a novel family of biosensors that enable sensitivity, rapidity, and selectivity for the detection of a wide range of target analytes, from pathogens to volatile organic gases, compared to existing bio-electrochemical sensors.The final goal is a flexible all-in-one , highly sensitive and selective biosensors using relatively simple and low cost materials and processing. The sensors will use recent advances in functionalized Gold NP decorated ZnO and NiO electrodes based sensors.ZnO nanowalls was deposited both on rigid (Silicon/ SiO2) substrate and on flexible (Polyimide) substrates. A Scanning Electron Microscopy study of the nucleation and growth of the ZnO nanowalls, and of the NP decoration was conducted. Different conditions such as growth temperature, concentration and time were used. RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry) was performed on the ZnO nanowalls on Polyimide substrate.After mastering the best methods for ZnO nanowalls growth and decoration with Au NP, decoration with different NP such as Platinum or Palladium will be compared. We believe that decoration of metal oxide nanostructures with noble metal nanoparticles will enhance the electrochemical performance of the sensors, for example - highly sensitive detection of VOCs such as ethylene.This new structure should be further explored to reveal its full potential for flexible bio-sensor applications.Figure 1


With the growth of large urban centers, public spaces have become places consi- dered unsuitable and dangerous for children and their recreational activities. This present study had investigated how children appropriate public spaces in Salvador's city. These data was obtained through photographic records of play events in any places of city where was find children playing. The data's collection happened in different days, being almost always made in time that exist more children in the street. Were registered 21 play events, 19 in boys groups and 2 in mixed groups. In the data analysis was opted about use combined of qualitative and quantitative methods. This study shows that the children's use of street has gender and social class difference.


Having made an analysis from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture, this article proposes that the real globalization should not be identified with westernization and pacifism rather than hegemonism should be relied on. Globalization or Great Harmony has been the objective of struggle in the Chinese society for 2000 plus years and the history of China is one of practising pacifism. The pacifism contained in the traditional Chinese culture is of great realistic significance for today's globalization process.


By Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been studied the effect of an argon ion beam with energy of 5 keV and various fluences (1·1016 and 5·1016 ion/cm2) on the morphology, structure, and chemical state of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). It has been established that irradiation of MWCNTs with argon ions leads to the formation of structural defects and functional oxygen-containing groups of various types (hydroxyl, carboxyl / carbonyl, ether, etc.). It is shown that an increase in the fluence of the beam leads to an increase in the number of functional groups fixed on the walls of the MWCNTs, without changing the types of oxygen-containing groups. It is shown that modification by ion-beam action is promising for increasing the chemical activity and changing the electronic properties of the outer walls of MWCNTs.


Commentary on: PowerCThomasC. Changes in BMI, duration of overweight and obesity, and glucose metabolism: 45 years of follow-up of a birth cohort.Diabetes Care 2011;34:1986–91.


Four pineapple-growing soils (topsoil) were collected from Chonburi and Chachoengsao provinces in Thailand to analyze the physiochemical properties, chemical composition of organic carbon and diuron adsorption isotherm (batch experiment). Results revealed that diuron adsorption rate of soils was low (ranging between 1.81 and 27.63%) and adsorption data fit well with Freundlich equation (R2 = 0.83-0.97), in which the adsorption coefficient (KF) is between 0.57 and 4.87 L kg -1. Soil organic matter and clay content were responsible for the adsorption of diuron in these soils (r = 0.95** and 0.78**, respectively). In addition, total nitrogen, silt content and cation exchange capacity also had a positive correlation with diuron adsorption in the soils. Organic carbon partitioning coefficient (KOC) of soils ranged from 125.84 to 480.36 L kg-1 and showed a positive correlation with the functional group of organic carbon, including aromatic carbon and carbonyl (r = 0.80** and 0.67*, respectively). This low rate of diuron adsorption in pineapple-growing soils posed a risk in diuron contamination in the environment. The increase of organic matter in these soils, particularly those coarse to medium-textured soils, through proper soil management would increase the herbicide adsorption ability of these soils and should subsequently reduce the contamination markedly.


Using formal techniques, Schrodinger's 1935 cat argument is reproduced. Assumptions of the argument are made explicit as axioms and rules of inference; from these a contradiction is derived. The formal statement is then used to elucidate several crucial distinctions, to reject several commonly proposed resolutions, and to sketch an Einsteinian perspective for the argument.


Windshield images captured by surveillance cameras are usually difficult to be seen through due to severe image degradation such as reflection, motion blur, low light, haze, and noise. Such image degradation hinders the capability of identifying and tracking people. In this paper, we aim to address this challenging windshield images enhancement task by presenting a novel deep learning model based on a two-way generative adversarial network, called Two-way Individual Normalization Perceptual Adversarial Network, TWIN-PAN. TWIN-PAN is an unpaired learning network which does not require pairs of degraded and corresponding ground truth images for training. Also, unlike existing image restoration algorithms which only address one specific type of degradation at once, TWIN-PAN can restore the image from various types of degradation. To restore the content inside the extremely degraded windshield and ensure the semantic consistency of the image, we introduce cyclic perceptual loss to the network and combine it with cycle-consistency loss. Moreover, to generate better restoration images, we introduce individual instance normalization layers for the generators, which can help our generators better adapt to their own input distributions. Furthermore, we collect a large high-quality windshield image dataset (WIE-Dataset) to train our network and to validate the robustness of our method in restoring degraded windshield images. Experimental results on human detection, vehicle ReID and user study manifest that the proposed method is effective for windshield image restoration.


This second issue of the Journal of Russian and East European Psychology devoted to V.P. Zinchenko's book on Gustav Gustavovich Shpet focuses on a related, but complementary, set of themes covered in the first. As in the first issue, Zinchenko draws on a dazzling array of thinkers in developing his argument. In addition to his direct intellectual ancestors and colleagues in Moscow (e.g., N.A. Bernshtein, V.V. Davydov, A.N. Leontiev, M.K. Marmardashvili, and A.V. Zaporozhets), he taps the ideas of figures such as J.L. Austin and José Ortega y Gasset.


English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) has rapidly become a widespread phenomenon in Europe, especially in many Italian institutions. The growth of EMI is currently exponential as well as non-regimented; it is therefore very important to obtain updated, local data regarding this phenomenon, which could be of use in developing future national policies. This study describes the data gathered in a 2015 survey of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) which included all Italian universities. The survey concentrated on three areas, the lecturers and students involved and the overall organisation of the courses in both private and public institutions in the North, Centre and South of Italy. The paper updates information on the same topic gathered from a previous questionnaire (Costa & Coleman, 2012), reflecting on what has changed during the intervening three years.


This paper outlines the principal design and operating features of the world's first magnetically-levitated transit link which went into public service at Birmingham Airport in May 1984. The particular choices of configuration, control strategy and devices are discussed. Using magnetic attraction to levitate the cars and a linear induction motor for propulsion, reduces the number of moving and wearing parts, which leads to improved reliability and maintenance.


Introduction We live in the age of aluminum (Al), faced with an increased exposure to this non-essential metal.1 While Al is ubiquitously present in the earth's crust, it was not identified until 1808, and was only isolated in pure form in 1825. In 1886 the industrial process of smelting Al was developed (the Hall-Héroulth process), which is still the state-of-the-art technique for Al production. With the onset of World War II, Al became a key strategic metal.2


Backcasting is a well-established methodology particularly suitable for analyzing complex problems where the business-as-usual projection is no longer appropriate, which can be used to effectively address the challenges of climate change mitigation in transport. It is characterised by designing endpoints in the future and working backward from these visions to establish policy pathways that can achieve desired futures. The visioning phase, which involves the construction of a set of scenarios describing alternative futures, is the first phase in backcasting, and engaging different stakeholders during the visioning phase is considered an important aspect in transport studies. This paper aims to demonstrate the findings from a participatory visioning exercise carried out as part of a backcasting study on sustainable transport in the islands of Malta. It is based on a methodological approach that combines social practice theory with stakeholder workshops. The visioning exercise resulted in the development of four different scenarios: the business-as-usual scenario and three alternative scenarios for transport in 2050 in Malta; High-Tech Mobility (with a focus on clean technology); Local Mobility (with more local travel and reducing the need to travel over longer distances); and Green and Active Mobility (where active forms of travel are prioritised over motorised forms of transport). In the alternative scenarios, the elements of mobility practices and other social practices influencing mobility have been reconfigured to allow for low-carbon travel and significantly reducing GHG emissions. The results of this study demonstrate how insights from a theory of social practices approach can be utilized to provide narratives for future visions in transport backcasting studies, and how this approach could open new possibilities for the transition towards more sustainable mobility through the reconfiguration of mobility and other everyday social practices.


Glacier forefields are landscapes in transition from glacial to non‐glacial conditions; this implies intense geomorphic, hydrological and ecological dynamics with important on‐ and off‐site effects. This special issue collects 13 papers covering recent research in both (sub‐)polar and alpine pro‐glacial environments that focus on (i) pro‐glacial sediment sources, (ii) pro‐glacial rivers, (iii) pro‐glacial lakes, (iv) ground water and ice, and (v) the development of soil and vegetation in its interplay with morphodynamics. Advances in mapping, surveying and geophysical techniques form the basis for research perspectives related to the historical evolution of pro‐glacial areas, the understanding of complex interactions of multiple processes, and the effects of continued glacier recession. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In recent applications of discrete choice models of labor supply considerable attention has been devoted to strategies to increase the flexibility of models for a better fit to the data. However the functional form of preferences in these models remained restrictive. The question is therefore if we can gain something by allowing for more flexible preferences. This paper compares four different modeling strategies: (1) A structural model with fixed costs of work and random heterogeneity (2) A model with a nonparametric specification of the direct utility function. (3) A model which allows parameters to be fully alternative specific and which remains agnostic about the interpretation of its parameters (4) A model that is equivalent to the one in (3) but allows for price and income dependent preferences. Results show a clear rejection of the restrictions imposed in the structural model. Moreover estimation of the model with price and income dependent preferences lead to a clear rejection of the standard unitary approach. However model (3) and especially (4) cause a significant portion of the sample to not respect the needed regularity condition (utility increasing in income). Based on the estimates of models (1) to (3) the introduction of a flat rate tax is simulated and the estimated elasticities of the models are compared. Correspondence: Reto Nyffeler Department of Economics University of Bern Gesellschaftsstr. 49 3012 Bern Switzerland firstname.lastname@example.com


1. Germany and the First World War 2. The Treaty of Versailles 3. German reaction to the treaty 4. A fair treaty? 5. The Weimar Republic 6. The Spartacist revolt 7. Democracy in Weimar Germany 8. Opposition to Weimar Germany (Part 1) 9. Opposition to Weimar Germany (Part 2) 10. 1924-29: stabilisation and recovery? 11. The Nazi party in the 1920s 12. Art and culture in the Weimar Republic 13. Was Weimar Germany doomed from the start? 14. The Depression, Nazi Germany and War 15. Hitler comes to power 16. From democracy to dictatorship 17. Prominent Nazis 18. Coercion and consent 19. Propaganda 20. Nazi persecution 21. Totalitarianism? 22. Young people in Nazi Germany 23. Women and the family 24. A popular regime? 25. 1939-45 Germany at war 26. Review: Hitler's Germany Postscript: Germany since the end of the Nazi period.


Wind-driven rain is one of the most important moisture sources that may lead to moisture damage risks of building envelopes, particularly when the rainwater unintentionally infiltrates into the envelope assembly through defects of the wall components. This paper proposes a stochastic modelling approach to evaluate the impact of rain infiltration on hygrothermal performance of highly insulated wood-framed walls, including an I-joist deep cavity wall, two exterior insulated walls, and a conventional 2×6 stud wall as the baseline wall. The stochastic hygrothermal models of the walls are created based on the uncertainties of material properties and rain deposition factor under different scenarios with rain infiltration deposited at different locations of the wall assembly. The stochastic simulation results show that the rainwater deposited on a water resistive barrier does not cause any moisture damage risk, but there is a significant risk when the rainwater is directly deposited on the exterior or interior surface of wood sheathing, and the interior deposition has the highest risk.


Reasonable neutral ground type of medium voltage power grid is the basis for safety and economic operation of power system.Taking the Lianyungang power grid for an example,relevant data of several substations have been measured.In addition,the features and its effects on power distribution feasibility and safety of several neutral ground types are compared base on the statistics of operation condition and examples.Finally,a neutral point grounding type is proposed,which is suitable for Lianyungang power grid.Thus,it provides reference for engineering application.


Recent EAST/DIII-D joint experiments on the high poloidal beta tokamak regime in DIII-D have demonstrated fully noninductive operation with an internal transport barrier (ITB) at large minor radius, at normalized fusion performance increased by  ⩾30% relative to earlier work (Politzer et al 2005 Nucl. Fusion 45 417). The advancement was enabled by improved understanding of the 'relaxation oscillations', previously attributed to repetitive ITB collapses, and of the fast ion behavior in this regime. It was found that the 'relaxation oscillations' are coupled core-edge modes amenable to wall-stabilization, and that fast ion losses which previously dictated a large plasma-wall separation to avoid wall over-heating, can be reduced to classical levels with sufficient plasma density. By using optimized waveforms of the plasma-wall separation and plasma density, fully noninductive plasmas have been sustained for long durations with excellent energy confinement quality, bootstrap fraction  ⩾80%, βN⩽4 ?>, βP⩾3 ?>, and βT⩾2% ?>. These results bolster the applicability of the high poloidal beta tokamak regime toward the realization of a steady-state fusion reactor.


In this paper we study individual responses to competing institutional logics of market and community. We argue that when individuals experience strong pressures both from market and community logi...


In the article, the possibility of highly profitable and environmentally safe processing of low-quality wood and wood waste by low-tonnage plants using extrusion technology has been substantiated. The basics of the technology for the production of extrusive thermomechanical wood pulp (ETMP) with the use of chemicals are given, and the main specific costs of wood, chemicals and energy resources are provided. The limits of the main quality indicators of ETMP are provided, which are important for its widespread use in the production of paper and cardboard. The extrusive technology for processing of raw materials into fiber is economically viable. The target product is obtained from wood with a yield of 85–80%, and from straw, of 75–60% of the mass of raw materials; profitability is in the range of 25–50%; production creation time is 1.0–2.5 years, depending on productivity (20, 50, 100 and 200 tons per day), and the return on investment is 2-3 years. The advantages of technological lines for processing wood and straw are compactness, ease of installation, and relatively small production areas. The extrusion technology is promising for the processing of waste from forestry enterprises, and is recommended for use in Russia.


1. Tell students that you want them to think of a time when they had to meet many new people, for example, maybe their family moved and they had to go to a new school where they didnÕt know anyone or perhaps they joined a new club or team. Have students remember how they felt during the experience. Ask students to recall what people did to make them feel welcome or what people did to make them feel uncomfortable.


IN BRIEF

This article provides a summary of The Purchasing Futures Research Project, sponsored by the Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies (CAPS). The project's goal was to develop a vision of the nature of the purchasing and supply management function in the next century, including roles, responsibilities, capabilities, and organizational structures. The article identifies various purchasing and business market trends and synthesizes these into strategic organizational propositions that describe how purchasing and supply management can develop during the next century.


SUMMARY Theses and dissertations, the written results of graduate student research, present current information sought by other students in similar academic endeavors and also by those engaged in government and industry problem solving explorations. With a reported 400,000 graduate degrees awarded annually in the U.S. (in 1999) and the fact that the number of these programs continues to grow, the resulting number of theses and dissertations (TDs) is huge, demanding a considerable amount of time and attention by catalogers, library administrators, and other academicians. Comparisons of results from eight surveys administered over a span of fifty-three years reveal similarities regarding the format, screening, binding, and storing of print TDs. Similarities over time were also noted in TD cataloging practices. Despite the similarities, there were signs that changes in handling may be occurring in regard to format for storage and use of abstracting services. Signs of possible catalog changes involve subject headings usage and the number/type of access points in the bibliographic record.


Since 2004, fetoscopy laser has become the stan- dard treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Howe- ver, the technique has evolved from selective to non- selective coagulation and finally achieving with a novel sur- gery technique that uses laser coagulation of the entire vas- cular equator (Solomon technique). This technique decrea- ses the rate of severe complications such as twin anemia polycythaemia sequence or recurrent twin-to-twin transfu- sion syndrome.


1. Theoretical models show that environmental heterogeneity and dispersal are major determinants of species diversity at multiple scales, yet there are few studies from real landscapes that adequately integrate variation in the surrounding matrix. Understanding how landscape context and management influence species composition and diversity patterns across habitats and scales is an important goal in ecology with relevance for both management and conservation.


An experimental study of the two-dimensional laminar -transitional boundary layer beneath a turbulent free stream is presented . It is shown that the mean velocity profiles develop a wavy shape prior to transition that contains local points of inflexion. These waviness is made clear by plotting the deviations of the profiles from the Blasius solution of the laminar bounary layer which is shown to be valid even for a turbulent free stream .


In this article I examine what is meant by professional knowledge in primary physical education and in doing so argue that teacher competency will remain a concern until teacher development addresses the breadth of the subject's knowledge base. A model of professional knowledge will be presented to illustrate the various elements of knowledge in the field and suggest how it can be used as a tool to support the initial and continuous professional learning of primary physical educators.


Fine art, creative, and innovative are the components are interlinked and inseparable on the one hand, the students are also required to love and raise the value of art subjects. In line with this, the peseta students must also have skills that are competent for the results of his art deserves to be appreciated, economic value, and has a high resale value in the community around.That it is necessary to supplement the Book Development has the feasibility to use on learning in junior high art is Development Education Supplement Book Arts For junior high school students. The book is said to be feasible on the basis of the results of validation of educational materials experts art creative and innovative. The results of the feasibility design validation scored 90.9% and validation of the feasibility of fine art materials gained 72.6% value. The results of the validation predicate good for fine arts material, it is reflected in the percentage achieved value included in the interval 52% -75%. Books Arts Education Supplement For Junior High School Students. a supplement book learning that can be accepted by the students, the acceptance rate includes aspects of display with a value of 88% and 85% eligibility rate presentation. Small-scale test results entered in the range of 76% -100% value and the whole predicate is very good.


The DEAP-3600 experiment uses 3.6 tons of liquid argon for a sensitive dark matter search, with a sensitivity to the spin-independent WIMPnucleon cross-section of 10−46 cm at 100 GeV WIMP mass. This high sensitivity is achievable due to the large target mass and the very low backgrounds in the spherical acrylic detector design as well as at the unique SNOLAB facility in Sudbury, Canada. Pulse shape discrimination is used to reject electromagnetic backgrounds from the WIMP induced nuclear recoil signal. We started taking commissioning data in early 2015 with vacuum and later gas inside the detector. Argon fill is expected in winter 2015. An overview and status of the DEAP-3600 experiment are presented in this paper, with an emphasis on control and mitigation of detector backgrounds.


Abstract : A sequence of decision problems is considered where for each problem the observation has discrete probability function of the form p(x) = h(x) beta (lambda) lambda to the power x, x = 0,1,2,..., and where lambda is selected independently for each problem according to an unknown prior distribution G(lambda). It is supposed that for each problem one of two possible actions (e.g., 'accept' or 'reject') must be selected. Under various assumptions about h(x) and G(lambda) the rate at which the risk of the nth problem approaches the smallest possible risk is determined for standard empirical Bayes procedures. It is shown that for most practical situations, the rate of convergence to 'optimality' will be at least as fast as L(n)/n where L(n) is a slowly varying function (e.g., log n). The rate cannot be faster than 1/n and this exact rate is achieved in some cases. Arbitrarily slow rates will occur in certain pathological situations. (Author)


SUMMARY The present study of the chiton fauna of the Marquesas islands, mostly based upon material collected at Nuku-Hiva, revealed the presence of five species, one new to science: Acantbopleura gemmata (Blainville, 1825), Chiton marquesanus Pilsbry, 1893, Rhyssoplax linsleyi Burghardt, 1973, Plaxiphora gwenae n. sp., and an unrecognized species of Tonicia.


We study the effect of Galactic foregrounds with spatially varying spectral indices on analysis of simulated data from the Planck Satellite. We also briefly mention the effect the extra-galactic point sources have on the data analysis and summarise the most recent constraints on Galactic emission at GHz frequencies.


Braun's finding that the wavelength of bedrock meanders decreases as rock hardness increases is reconciled with Hack's and Tinkler's finding that meander wavelength is greater in bedrock than alluvial channels. In populations of alluvial or bedrock channels, bank resistance controls meander wavelength via its influence on channel shape and is negatively correlated with meander wavelength. In contrast, in mixed populations of alluvial and bedrock channels, bank resistance controls meander wavelength through its effect on the recurrence interval of the channel-forming discharge and channel size and is positively correlated with meander wavelength.


This paper aims to analyze factors affecting the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (IDX) during the Pademi Corona Crisis. This study uses the multiple linear regression analysis technique where the variable number of confirmed Covid-19 cases in the world, the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases in Indonesia, the Rupiah exchange rate per 1 US dollar,  and the world crude oil price are used as independent variables (X) and the IHSG as the dependent variable (Y), the data used in this study are weekly time series data from the period December 2019 to September 2020. Based on the results of variable regression between the IHSG, Exchange Rates, Oil Prices, cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia and COVID-19 World, It is concluded that collectively the independent variables have a significant effect on the IHSG. Partially, Oil Prices, COVID-19 cases in Indonesia and COVID-19 cases in the world have a significant effect on the IHSG. Meanwhile, the exchange rate has no significant effect on the IHSG.


In this article, we describe the MediaPoint system that uses constraints of WiFi mobility to provide services proactively. In particular, we outline how the user's logical location can be used to deliver media, perform keyless search, and ensure security. A user's location and other contextual information are used to retrieve task relevant information and avoid many of the problems posed by limits of mobile devices and their use. MediaPoint is a new 'smart' mobile technology that uses context and information retrieval to provide meaningful content and automate authentication without friction.


Let [Formula: see text] be an RSA public key with private exponent [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are large primes of the same bit size. At Eurocrypt 96, Coppersmith presented a polynomial-time algorithm for finding small roots of univariate modular equations based on lattice reduction and then succussed to factorize the RSA modulus. Since then, a series of attacks on the key equation [Formula: see text] of RSA have been presented. In this paper, we show that many of such attacks can be unified in a single attack using a new notion called Coppersmith's interval. We determine a Coppersmith's interval for a given RSA public key [Formula: see text] The interval is valid for any variant of RSA, such as Multi-Prime RSA, that uses the key equation. Then we show that RSA is insecure if [Formula: see text] provided that we have approximation [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] The attack is an extension of Coppersmith's result.


In Huang Yanpei′s opinion,vocational education meant pragmatism,which was the basis of his vocational educational thoughts.This paper discusses his pragmatic principles"Mind and Hand;Learning by Doing",andthe aim of vocational education that it can not only provide the living for the educated but also serve the community he or she lives in.It also discusses the references that the philosophical pragmatism still has to our vocational education in the 21 century.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving coffee husk compost on the growth of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) plants. This research was conducted in Kuala Tungkal, Tungkal Ilir District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, from December 2020 to March 2021. Analysis of compost nutrients was carried out at the Laboratory of the Jambi Agricultural Technology Research Center and measurements of root wet weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were carried out at the Basic Laboratory of Batanghari University Jambi. This research was conducted using a randomized environmental design (CRD) and treatment design for coffee husk compost which consisted of 4 levels of treatment, namely k0 : 3 kg of soil media without treatment (control), k1 : 15 g of coffee husk compost + 2,985 g of soil media, k2 : 22.5 g coffee husk compost + 2.977.5 g soil media, and k3 : 30 g coffee husk compost + 2.970 g soil media. The results of the analysis showed that the application of coffee husk compost had a significant effect on the parameters of root wet weight, shoot dry weight and pH of the growing media but had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers, number of leaves, root dry weight and root crown ratio


•  What is the central question of this study? The renin–angiotensin system plays a crucial role in erectile function. While angiotensin II contributes to the development of erectile dysfunction, angiotensin‐(1–7) mediates penile erection by activation of the Mas receptor. However, because of its peptidic nature, angiotensin‐(1–7) is not resistant to proteolytic enzymes, thus limiting its clinical applications. In this study, we have hypothesized that the synthetic non‐peptide Mas agonist, AVE 0991, would potentiate the penile erectile function. •  What is the main finding and its importance We demonstrated that AVE 0991 potentiates the rat penile erectile response through Mas in a nitric oxide‐dependent manner; therefore, our results suggest Mas agonists as potential targets for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.


The bisector of two rational varieties in R d is, in general, non-rational. However, there are some cases in which such bisectors are rational; we review some of them, mostly in R 2 and R 3. We also describe the a-sector, a generalization of the bisector, and consider a few interesting cases where a-sectors become quadratic curves or surfaces. Exact a-sectors are non-rational even in special cases and in con®gura-tions where the bisectors are rational. This suggests the pseudo a-sector which approximates the a-sector with a rational variety. Both the exact and the pseudo a-sectors identify with the bisector when a ˆ 1a2.


Contents of Volume One: Preface. Contributors. B. Jahne, Introduction. Illumination and Image Formation. H. Hausecker, Radiation. H. Hausecker, Interaction of Radiation with Matter. P. Geisler, Geometric and Wave Optics. H. Hausecker, Radiometry of Imaging. H. Hausecker and B. Jahne, Illumination Sources and Techniques. Imagine Sensors. P. Seitz, Solid-State Image Sensing. U. Seger, U. Apel and B. Hofflinger, HDRC-Imagers for Natural Visual Perception. B. Schneider, P. Rieve and M. Bohm, Image Sensors in TFA (Thin Film on ASIC) Technology. S. Sedky and P. Fiorini, Poly SiGe Bolometers. B. Jahne, Hyperspectral and Color Imaging. 2-D Imaging. D. Uttenweiler and R.H.A. Fink, Dynamic Fluorescence Imaging. H. Stegmann, R. Wepf and R.R. Schroder, Electron Microscopic Image Acquisition. W. Albert and M. Pandit, Processing of Ultrasound Images in Medical Diagnosis. M.J. Buckingham, Acoustic Daylight Imaging in the Ocean. R. Massen, The Multisensorial Camera for Industrial Vision Applications. 3-D Imaging. R. Godding, Geometric Calibration of Digital Imaging Systems. R. Schwarte et al., Principles of 3-D Imaging Techniques. G. Hausler, 3-D Sensors - Potentials and Limitations. R.W. Malz, High Performance Surface Measurement. E.H.K. Stelzer, Three-Dimensional Light Microscopy. W.G. Schreiber and G. Brix, Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine. A. Haase, J. Ruff and M. Rokitta, NMR Microscopy in Biological and Medical Research. Index. Color Plates. Contents of Volume Two: Preface. Contributors. B. Jahne, Introduction. Signal Representation. B. Jahne, Continuous and Digital Signals. B. Jahne, Spatial and Fourier Domain. B. Jahne, Multiresolutional Signal Representation. B. Jahne, Neighborhood Operators. B. Jahne, H. Scharr and S. Korkel, Principles of Filter Design. B. Jahne, Local Averaging. B. Jahne, Interpolation. B. Jahne, Image Warping. Feature Estimation. B. Jahne, Local Structure. T. Lindeberg, Principles for Automatic Scale Selection. T. Wagner, Texture Analysis. H. Hausecker and H. Spies, Motion. E.P. Simoncelli, Bayesian Multi-Scale Differential Optical Flow. J. Weickert, Nonlinear Diffusion Filtering. C. Schnorr, Variational Methods. H.A. Mallot, Stereopsis - Geometrical and Global Aspects. G. Gimel'farb, Stereo Terrain Reconstruction by Dynamic Programming. R. Klette, R. Kozera and K. Schluns, Reflectance Based Shape Recovery. P. Geisler and T. Dierig, Depth from Focus. Object Analysis, Classification, Modeling, Visualization.P. Soille, Morphological Operators. H. Hausecker and H.R. Tizhoosh, Fuzzy Image Processing. A. Meyer-Base, Neural Net Computing for Image Processing. D. Willersinn et al., Graph Theoretical Concepts for Computer Vision. R. Eils and K. Satzler, Shape Reconstruction from Volumetric Data. J. Hornegger, D. Paulus and H. Niemann, Probabilistic Modeling in Computer Vision. H. Niemann, Knowledge-Based Interpretation of Images. J. Hesser and C. Poliwoda, Visualization of Volume Data. N. Salmon, S. Lindek and E.H.K. Stelzer, Databases for Microscopes and Microscopical Images. Index. Color Plates. Contents of Volume Three: Preface. Contributors. B. Jahne, Introduction. Architecture of Computer Vision Systems..K.-H. Noffz et al., FPGA Image Processing. B. Jahne and H. Herrmann, Multimedia Architectures. A.M. Demiris, C.E. Cardenas, and H.-P. Meinzer, Customizable Medical Image Processing Systems. D. Paulus, J. Hornegger and H. Niemann, Software Engineering for Image Processing and Analysis. U. Kothe, Reusable Software in Computer Vision. P. Klausmann et al., Application-oriented Assessment of CV Algorithms. G. Hartmann, U. Buker and S. Drue, A Hybrid Neuro-AI-Architecture. B. Mertsching and S. Schmaiz, Active Vision Systems. G. Sommer, The Global Algebraic Frame of the Perception-Action Cycle. Industrial and Technical Applications. K. Singer, Market and Future Needs of Industrial Imaging. P. Soille, Applications of Morphological Operators. T. Wagner and P. Plankensteiner, Industrial Object Recognition. R. Koy-Oberthur, T. Munsterer, and S. Sun, Character Recognition in Industrial Production. R. Frischholz, Motion Tracking. H.A. Beyer, 3-D Image Metrology for Industrial Production. S. Karbacher, G. Hausler and H. Schonfeld, Reverse Engineering Using Optical Range Sensors. T. Scheuermann, G. Wiora and M. Graf, Topographical Maps of Microstructures. P. Soille, Processing of Digital Elevation Maps. R. Koch, 3-D Modeling of Objects from Image Sequences. N. Stein and B. Minge, 3-D Fast Full Body Scanning. B. Radig et al., 3-D Model Driven Person Detection. S. Lancer, C. Zierl and B. Radig, Single Perspective 3-D Object Recognition. T. Vetter, Flexible Models of Human Faces. Th. Hermes, C. Klauck and O. Herzog, Knowledge-Based Image Retrieval. M. Keller et al., A Tactile Vision Substitution System. B. Mertsching et al., The Neural Active Vision System NAVIS. E.D. Dickmanns and H.-J. Wunsche, Dynamic Vision for Perception and Control of Motion. Scientific Applications. P. Geisler and T. Scholz, Size Distributions of Small Particles. S. Eichkorn et al., Fluorescence Imaging of Air-Water Gas Exchange. F. Hering et al., Particle Tracking and Particle Imaging Velocimetry. H. Spies et al., Analyzing Particle Movements at Soil Interfaces. D. Schmundt and U. Schurr, Plant Leaf Growth Studies. D. Uttenweiler and R.H.A. Fink, Mathematical Modeling of Ca -Fluorescence Images. U. Schimpf, H. Hausecker and B. Jahne, Thermography for Small-Scale Air-Sea Interaction. B. Kummerlen et al., Thermography to Measure Water Relations of Plant Leaves. C. Leue, M. Wenig and U. Platt, Retrieval of Atmospheric Trace Gas Concentrations. J.L. Barron et al., Tracking "Fuzzy" Storms in Doppler Radar Images. R. Watzel et al., Detection of Dendritic Spine Synapses. C. Cremer et al., Spectral Precision Distance Confocal Microscopy. H. Bornfleth et al., 3-Dimensional Analysis of Genome Topology. Index. Color Plates.


This paper presents a coverage prediction model using the 2-D ray-tracing technique associated to a real-coded mono-objective Genetic Algorithm for optimizing the base station antenna location in an indoor environment. The model was applied in two examples of indoor scenarios to find the best location of the base station antenna by maximizing the lower electric field in the coverage area.


A 69-year-old man presented for evaluation of an unusual color and decreased mobility on the right side of his tongue.


Uremic pruritus affects many patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has a negative impact on quality of life and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of different combined blood purification techniques on uremic pruritus in ESRD patients. Forty maintenance hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus were selected and randomly divided into combined treatment of hemodialysis with hemoperfusion group (HP+HD) and combined treatment of hemodiafiltration with hemoperfusion group (HP+HDF). Some relevant clinical parameters (age, gender, duration of dialysis, ESRD etiology, hemoglobin, albumin, and Creactive protein) were evaluated. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and β2-microglobulin were tested before and after treatment. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of pruritus. The results showed that BUN, serum creatinine, phosphates, PTH and β2-microglobulin were significantly decreased after the therapy in the two groups (P<0.05). A more significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in HP+HDF group as compared with HP+HD group. After 12 weeks of treatment, there were also significant differences in pruritus scores in HP+HD group and HP+HDF group. The pruritus remission rates in the HP+HD and HP+HDF groups were 75% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, our findings suggest a potential role for HP+HDF in the treatment of uremic pruritus.


This paper is concerned with the existence of multiple solutions for the following nonlinear fractional boundary value problem: , , where , with , and stand for the left and right Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives of order , respectively, and is continuous. The existence of infinitely many nontrivial high or small energy solutions is obtained by using variant fountain theorems.


Biochip is a new expertise developing rapidly in recent years and playing an increasingly important role in bacterial,viral,fungal pathogen detection and identification with high-throughput,high-sensitivity and more specificity features.In this paper,we reviewed the principle,classification,development course of the biochip and its applications in the detection and research of aquatic organisms,which provides a new way in the research of aquatic diseases.


The soybean production, in Brazil, has increased in the last few years due to increased productivity and planted area. This increase demands greater quality and rapidity during harvest. Mechanized harvesting is essential in harvest of large crop areas. When carried out erroneously, it can cause considerable losses, reducing the output and farmers' profit. This present study was based on the hypothesis that threshing system regulation and the displacement speed could affect the quantitative losses during harvest. Thus the objective was to quantify the losses during harvest as affected by displacement speed, as well as the distance between the cylinder and the concave. The experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design, in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with three displacement speeds and the two distances between the cylinder and concave, totalizing 24 plots of 30 meters. The percent soil cover with the crop residue was not affected, by the treatments studied, and there was no significant difference for platform losses due to harvest speed. There were significant differences by the distance variation and speed (interaction), with higher total losses occurring at lower speed. The distance between the cylinder and the concave affected the losses in the internal mechanisms, causing greater losses at smaller distances. There was no significant difference in the flow of grains and the non-grain matter, while the total flow increased with the speed.


The thermal protection system for the flight configuration of the SERT 2 satellite was designed using an analytical thermal network to represent the satellite and its environment. A large part of this digital analytical network was adjusted and calibrated by comparing predicted temperatures with experimental measurements made with the prototype SERT 2 satellite in an extended thermal vacuum test. The procedures used in adjusting and calibrating the analytical network are outlined.


One of the most important indicators of mechanical activation of clay minerals is the effect of activation time on the strength of the mixture. One of the most important parameters in the preparation of drilling fluid based on clays is their ability to swell, and the effect on the swelling of clays during mechanical activation was studied. One of the most important parameters of clays used in the preparation of drilling fluids resistant to thermomechanical effects is their colloidal index. Therefore, the effect of mechanical activation time on the colloidal index of these clays was studied. The method of activation of bentonites and analysis of their rheological parameters was studied. In the process of mechanical activation of clays, their activation of chemical reagents created conditions for modifying the increased specific surface area of clay materials.


Abstract An old conjecture of modal logics states that every splitting of the major systems K4, S4, G and Grz has the finite model property. In this paper we will prove that all iterated splittings of G have fmp, whereas in the other cases we will give explicit counterexamples. We also introduce a proof technique which will give a positive answer for large classes of splitting frames. The proof works by establishing a rather strong property of these splitting frames namely that they preserve the finite model property in the following sense. Whenever an extension Λ has fmp so does the splitting Λ/f of Λ by f. Although we will also see that this method has its limitations because there are frames lacking this property, it has several desirable side effects. For example, properties such as compactness, decidability and others can be shown to be preserved in a similar way and effective bounds for the size of models can be given. Moreover, all methods and proofs are constructive.


A section of Highway (Hwy) 55 between Athabasca and Hwy 63 north of Edmonton, Alberta was planned to be spray-patched in early 2006 to treat dipped low temperature transverse cracks. This section comprised both a conventional granular base pavement structure and a full depth pavement structure most recently overlaid about 15 years earlier. It was considered to link the quality of the spray-patch treatment and resulting ride improvement, with payment to the maintenance contractor. The Hwy 55 project was selected to evaluate a performance-based specification, with price adjustments, based on the overall improvement in International Roughness Index (IRI). This paper provides background to the development of the performance specification, documentation of pavement treatment installation procedures, analysis of pre- and post-installation roadway profiles and IRI, and the resulting bonus payments. Performance of the spray-patch treatment and IRI after one year following installation is presented. Additionally, this project demonstrates the application of longitudinal profile data collected with a high-speed inertial profiler to evaluate changes in roadway profile and IRI due to the spray-patch treatment.


The Covid 19 pandemic is causing global morbidity and mortality, straining health care systems, and disrupting society, putting individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) at risk of significant harm. In this review paper, we examine the current and expected impact of the pandemic on individuals with ADRD. Recent case studies show that Covid 19 can have a negative effect on patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Our team has analyzed the extensive amount of papers that explore this connection and have summarized the ones most relevant. COVID 19 is known to produce neurological manifestations and is able to infect the Central Nervous System, potentially via the olfactory bulb. Patients with Alzheimer's often have accompanying complications that make them particularly vulnerable. It is important to also look at the


While male homosexuals have overwhelmingly taken successful measures to contain the spread of HIV female heterosexuals have not. In fact only 12% of 3.5 million reproductive-age women least likely to be protected from HIV use condoms. It has been found that people who carry condoms are 2.7 times more likely to use them than those who do not. Despite the protective advantages of carrying condoms however women cite many reasons for not opting to do so. This paper reports findings from an exploration of the psychological correlates of carrying condoms among 917 sexually active heterosexual nonpregnant women in an HIV-endemic community in the Brooklyn New York City area. The women were considered to be sexually active if they had engaged in at least 1 episode of sexual activity within the 120-day period prior to the study. Participants were recruited from gynecology and family planning clinics at a municipal hospital a state university hospital and a community clinic and were aged 15-45 years; the median age was 27 years. 90.2% of the women were Black. Analysis of the data obtained in the study questionnaires and interviews found the potential for negative social reaction to figure most prominently among womens concerns and attitudes toward carrying condoms. Respondents overall attitude about condoms and concerns about the increase in preventive efficacy which comes from carrying them were also factors. The implications for intervention are considered in a closing section.


Niridazole (Amhilhar) may be effective in 50% to 60% of patients with active urinary bilharziasis, but in my experience is unlikely to cure one suffering from S. mansoni, although it is worth trying when other measures have failed. The course I would advocate is 500 mg of the drug three times a day after food for seven to ten days. The trivalent antimonial preparation, sodium antimony tartrate, still has a place in the treatment of the disease provided care is taken when administering it. The patient should be confined to his room or his bed during the course and should on no account indulge in games or work. He should be free of visceral disease such as a heart disorder, nephritis, or an anemia with a hsemoglobin level under 70%. The drug is given every other day for a period of four to six weeksup to a total of 20 to 30 grains more for a man than for a woman. The average dose for a man is I! grains (90 mg) to 2 grains (120 mg) intravenously and for a woman it is I to I! grains (60-90 mg) depending on her size. For a child it is about half or even less than half this amount. The drug, diluted, is slowly injected intravenously. Other intramuscular preparations are available when the veins are difficult and they are useful, especiallyfor children. This drug is better for S. heematobium than S. mansoni, but is probably of greater value than other preparations for this infection. The great drawback to antimony (sodium antimony tartrate) is the rather long course of treatment and possible toxic effects. It is true that there are antimonial preparations which can be taken over a much shorter number of days, but great care and consideration should be exercised in their use. When deciding which treatment to adopt, one must determine whether the patient has a single or double infection and whether complications of the disease have developed. Further, the patient's attitude to his complaint should be considered, the likelihood of reinfection, and whether he is prepared to undergo a long course of treatment or only a short one.


The aims of this systematic review were to identify the study designs and topics of Swedish orthodontic articles, to elucidate their international position, and to verify in which scientific journals the articles had been published in the past decade. A search of the Medline database for papers published between 1992 and 2002 was made using the Medical Search Heading terms 'orthodontics', 'malocclusion', 'cephalometry', and 'facial bones and growth'. Two independent reviewers selected the articles of Swedish origin and categorized each article according to research design and principal topic. Overall, 15,571 articles in orthodontic research were found, and the Swedish contribution was 1.9% with the majority of these (71.5%) being submitted by universities. Most of the Swedish articles (84.5%) had been published in 10 journals and many high‐quality studies with orthodontic interest were published in non‐orthodontic journals with higher impact factor scores than the orthodontic journals. Every second study was prospective, and of these, 15 (5.2% of all Swedish articles) were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). It was found that nearly every third study, prospective as well as retrospective, was uncontrolled. The main classification was treatment studies (51.9%), followed by development (18.6%) and diagnostic information (10.7%) studies. Thus, the majority of the articles evaluated therapeutic interventions; however, although the RCT is the preferred study design in evaluation studies, few used this method. In an era focused on evidence‐based medicine, studies with an RCT design will be the future challenge for research in the field of orthodontics.


According to the problems that data backup needs a lot of storage space and its safe privacy needs to be protected, a file backup scheme based on network coding was proposed.Specifically,adopting network coding,many backup files are encoded into one encoded file,and then saved in the backup server.This scheme includes the following aspects; the principle of backup,the process of backup,influence of file update on recovery and how to handle it,backup file update and the global control system.Experiment and theoretical analysis show,compared with traditional method,this scheme can save storage space greatly and enhance the safe privacy of the backup data,but decrease appreciably the recoverability of it and increase the complexity of the system.


FIELD: engineering of systems for providing authentication data of applications for applications, being executed on a device. SUBSTANCE: methods provide authentication data of application for application, being executed on a device, where authentication data of application are used by application to perform authentication in a database server. In the methods, request is received for generation of authentication data of application, where a request includes automatic identifier of application, and also contains generation of authentication data of appropriate with usage of aforementioned identifier of application and standard authentication data, related to device. Devices realize actions of the method. EFFECT: ensured strict authentication without necessity to have multiple passwords for each device. 9 cl, 9 dwg


Wicked problems are causally complex, lack definite solutions, and re-emerge in different guises. This paper discusses how new ways of organizing emerge to tackle changing manifestations of wicked problems. Focusing on the wicked problem of poverty, we conducted a longitudinal study of Fe y Alegria (FyA), one of the world's largest non-governmental organization, which provides education for the poor across 21 countries in Latin America and Africa. Drawing on archival and ethnographic data, we trace the historical narratives of how FyA defined poverty as a problem and developed new ways of organizing, from its foundation by a Jesuit priest in 1955 to its current networked structure. Our findings reveal the ongoing cycle of interpretive problem definition and organizing solutions for wicked problems. First, since there is no "true" formulation of a wicked problem, actors construct narrative explanations based on their understanding of the problem. Second, organizational solutions to a wicked problem are thus reflections of these narrative constructions. Third, emerging


Electromyography (EMG) is a study of muscle function through analysis of electrical activity produced from specific muscle of interest. This electrical activity which is displayed in form of signal as the manifestation of neuromuscular activation associated with muscle contraction. The most well-known technique of EMG signal recording are by using surface (non-invasive) and needle/wire (invasive) electrode. This research focus on surface electromyography (sEMG) signal. During sEMG recording, there are several problems had to be encountered i.e. noise, motion artifact, signal instability, cross talk and signal inconsistency. Inconsistency here refers to the variation of the quantity of EMG features with respect to the quantity of force produce by the muscle. In addition, inconsistency of features to force mapping occurs across different person as well as across different reading of an individual. Inconsistency is due to muscle strength and size, cross talk, signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal bandwidth and fatigue condition. Inconsistency causes nonlinearity or linearity relationship between features to force mapping. Previous method introduce to solve the inconsistency across different reading of an individual but the problem lies on reading across different person. Thus, this paper presents a method to solve the inconsistency of EMG signal across different person by normalizing the EMG based on percentage of maximal voluntary contraction adaptive with muscle endurance (pre-fatigue), %MVCPF. This method is based on a hypothesis that Integrated EMG (IEMG), Mean Absolute Value (MAV), Root Mean Square (RMS), Sum Square Integral (SSI) and standard deviation features are directly proportional to %MVCPF of all person. There are 2 indicator to measure the inconsistency problem which are p-value must be less than 0.05 and the root mean square error of regression must be less than 10%. The results show that p-value of each person signal after normalizing is 0.0126 which is less than 0.05. In addition, the results for root mean square error of regression show IEMG, MAV, RMS, SSI and standard deviation features are less than 10%. These shows the improve normalizing method give the better results to solve inconsistency reading problem across different person. For the conclusion, an objective which is to solve inconsistency features to force mapping issue of different person successful solve.


Aqueous anionic energy storage with a non-flammable electrolyte has the advantage of high power density but suffers from limitations in cyclic performance. Here we report a few-layer potassium manganese dioxide...


The term of "Business English Major" firstly appeared in "List of Undergraduate Majors Set in Higher Education Institutes Approved by the Ministry of Education (2006)", being juxtaposed to the "English Major". By the year of 2016, the amount of colleges and universities approved to set "Business English Major" has climbed to 293. Meantime, we should see the shortcomings of this major. For dealing with these problems, some solutions are founded as following: constructing "2/3/3-concept" curriculum system, reforming the traditional teaching modes, forming a team of "dual-qualification" teachers, alternating the theoretical study in the school and practical training at the practice bases, building diversified student evaluation mechanism.


Vibha Arora (firstname.lastname@example.com) is with the department of humanities and social sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi. The indigenous Lepchas of Sikkim are using Gandhian methods of protest to prevent construction of hydel projects that will destroy their land and the environment. At a time when politics has been reduced to a numbers game, they know that their minority status is against them. But they are determined to continue the struggle. In the remote Himalayan state of S ikkim Gandhigiri is being practised as a method of popular democratic protest. The heroic duo, Dawa Lepcha and Tenzing Lepcha broke their indefinite satyagraha on June 13, 2008 after fasting for 96 days at Gangtok in Sikkim.1 These two youth activists broke their fast after a written assurance from the government of Sikkim that it was shelving the four hydel projects in the Dzongu area of north S ikkim. This took place just six days short of the first anniversary of the formal protests launched by the Concerned Lepchas of Sikkim, the Affected Citizens of Teesta (ACT), and the Sangha of Dzongu against 26 hydel projects at BhutiaLepcha house in Gangtok on June 20, 2007.2 This was not the first time these two brave youth had decided to adopt nonviolent Gandhian methods not only to force the government to listen to their demands and alter its d evelopment policies, but also to ensure that democratic ethos get firmly rooted in contemporary Sikkim. Dawa and Tenzing's first round of i ndefinite fast lasted 63 days and was called off after they were assured by the government that it would reconsider these projects by forming an independent review committee – a promise that the present democratically elected government of Sikkim did not keep. "Dams over Dzongu will be built over our dead bodies", proclaimed the banner marking the 200th day on January 6, 2008 of this historic satyagraha. Subsequently on March 10 about 300 Lepchas of Dzongu staged a rally at Gangtok carrying placards and banners demanding an end to all hydel projects in north Sikkim. Preceding this rally, the activists offered prayers at the sacred stones at Kabi on March 7 to galvanise moral support. Dawa Lepcha and Tenzing Lepcha commenced a second round of indefinite fast on March 10, 2008. In April 2008, nearly 100 Lepchas from Kalimpong and Darjeeling commenced a pilgrimage to their holy land, Dzongu but had to abandon it due to a clash with supporters of the project. All these protesting Lepchas are demanding that the government duly recognise the sanctity of the Lepchas' ancestral roots in Dzongu and the necessity of safeguarding it from greedy capitalism.


Adult C57BL/lOBg mice, normally resistant to audiogenic seizures, became susceptible when the mothers drank 10%ethanol in water during pregnancy and for 14 days postpartem. Reserpine enhanced the incidence of seiqres, and the effect was reversed by 5‐hydrOxYtryp tophan but not by dihydroxyphenylalanine p‐Chlorophenylalanine also enhanced the inci dence of seizures, whereas a‐methyl‐p‐tyrosine did not effect. Monosodium glutamate almost completely prevented seizures. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the serotonergic systems may be among those involved in the seizure mechanism induced by fetal and early exposure to ethanol.


After nearly 30 years of evolution,"the status of treaties should be introduced into the constitution" theory has been established.With regard to the modes by which the status of treaties would be prescribed in Chinese constitution,both transformation approach and compromise approach are undesirable,while adoption approach still needs to be further studied.The issues about classifying self-executing and non-self-executing treaties shall be determined on the basis of the intents of relevant domestic agencies.There exist flaws in both "overall supremacy" doctrine and "classification supremacy" doctrine,which describe the rank of treaties in Chinese legal system.It is necessary to enhance and improve the research on "the status of treaties should be introduced into the constitution" theory.


Buton is one of Malay Kingdoms which lies in South East Sulawesi. As the time goes by, more and more people from Malay came to Buton. This was due to the strategic position of Buton as trade route in East Nusantara. Besides, this was encouraged by their intention to spread Islam. As a part of Malay Kingdom, the use of Malay language was indispensible. The script collection of ancient texts of Buton Kingdom (Abdul Mulku Zahari's collection) indicates that Malay Language was taken as one the official languages used in the Kingdom beside Arabic and Wolio languages. From the collection it was found out that Malay (language) scripts were older than Arabic and Wolio scripts (according to its colophon). This language is also used to write scripts about religious teachings, official letters of the Kingdom, adat laws, history, genealogy, literature, traditional medicines, language teachings, and primbon.


Quantitative evidence from n.m.r. spectroscopy is presented which strengthens the assumption that dimethyl-formamide molecules associate as dimers at low concentrations in carbon tetrachloride solution. Values for ΔH° and ΔS° for the dimerization are estimated as well as for δm and δd, the limiting N-methyl-hydrogen chemical shift for monomer and dimer.


Conclusion Our results : • Highlight the importance of the mid-SFs in the visual processing of the facial expression of pain. • Show that any method removing mid-SFs offers an incomplete account of SFs diagnosticity. However, our classification vectors show that more diagnostic SFs are present < 8 cpf than > 32 cpf thus replicating Wang and coll (2015; 2017). Spatial frequencies for the visual processing of the facial expression of pain


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of father`s play beliefs on father-child interaction and child`s social skills. The subjects were 370 fathers of 1, 2 and 3 graders of elementary schools who lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The results were as follows; First, the differences were found to be significant between the whole of father`s play hours, play focus beliefs, study focus beliefs and father-child interaction, and their sub-variables of disciplinary action, sensitiveness, and affectionate expression; and between the whole of child`s social skills and its sub-variables of cooperative action, self-assertion and self-control. Second, the higher play focus beliefs, the more positive interaction on the child, and specifically they use much democratic disciplinary action, sensitiveness and affectionate expression. Third, as to the effect of the father`s play focus beliefs on the child`s social skills, father-child interaction was found to act as a partial parameter, while as to the effect of the father`s study focus beliefs on the child`s social skills, father-child interaction was found to act as a full parameter.


With regard to the potential role of cognitions on various human feelings and behaviors, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the role of cognitive attribution of stress in association between work overload with alienation and deviant behaviors. One hundred and sixty eight employees of an industrial organization participated in this research. All participants were asked to complete the researcher made job stress attribution questionnaire (AJSQ), work overload questionnaire (WOQ), alienation questionnaire (WAQ), and deviant behaviors questionnaire (DBQ). Results showed that there was not a significant relationship between deviant behaviors and work overload, work alienation, and job stress attribution. But there was a significant relationship between work overload and work alienation and job stress attribution. Results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that attributing the stress to the organization was moderated by the relationship between work overload with work alienation. That is, when attributing stress to the organization is high, there is a negative relationship between work overload with work alienation, but when attributing the stress to the organization is low, there is a positive relationship between work overload with work alienation. Also attributing stress to self was moderated by the relationship between work overload with deviant behaviors. That is, when attributing stress to self is low, there is a positive relationship between work overload with deviant behaviors, but when attributing stress to self is high, there is a negative relationship between work


This paper proposes formation control in leader-follower robot using interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC). The controller gives the robots position and orientation between desire pose and actual pose. The IT2FLC is advantageous in comparison with type-1 fuzzy logic controller (T1FLC). Experimental result show by using IT2FLC produce good performance compare to T1FLC. In open space environment, produce small data only 836 for fuzzy process, fast response about 107.8 and smooth movement of the leader-follower posture to accomplish the target without collision.


I report on the experimental observation of excitation and suppression of chaos through time dependent perturbations in the dynamical variable of a glow discharge. The interaction of the external signal with the dynamical system is explained in terms of the 1D map associated to the glow discharge. Numerical simulations are also performed with the logistic map. The proposed mechanism of exciting and/or suppressing chaos is in accordance with the OGY method of controlling chaos.


The special difficulties associated with accurate measurement of the specific heat of a fluid near its critical point are discussed. These include limitations due to gravity and to critical slowing down. An elaborate method adapted to these limitations is described; it permits precision measurements of heat capacity to be recorded directly and automatically. Results for CO2 show that α = 1/8 ± 0.01.


Despite many attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of case management for frail older people, systematic reviews including experimental designs show inconsistent results. Starting from the view that case management is a complex intervention occurring in multilayered realities, we conducted a realist evaluation of case management in Belgium, where this type of intervention is new. Realist approaches are particularly well suited to evaluate complex interventions as they seek to investigate iteratively the literature and empirical data to uncover mid-range theories underpinning the intervention under study. As such, realist evaluations are works in progress which provide tools to describe how, why and for whom an intervention is supposed to work. In this paper, we describe two mid-range theories that can explain why case management can help frail older people to remain at home, through the lens of capacity and social support.


The wavelength and defocus margins for collinear holographic data storage system are theoretically analyzed based on the first Born approximation and the scalar diffraction theory. Explicit expressions for the decay of diffracted signal in the center of the detector plane with the shift of the reading wavelength and with the defocus of the disc are presented. The expressions predict that the defocus margin is independent of the media thickness while a thicker disc leads to a narrower wavelength margin. Simulation results show that the wavelength margin of collinear holographic scheme is larger than that of the conventional 2-axis holographic scheme. The influences of the properties of reference pattern on both margins are also discussed.


In this paper, the key to species of the genus Paragymnopleurus Shipp in Vietnam is provided, including four species and two subspecies; in which, one species is been identified just only to genus. Two species and one subspecies are new records for the fauna of Vietnam.


Was there a Xia Dynasty? By the mid-nineteen thirties, the works of Henri Maspero and other scholars in the West and of Gu Jiegang and his compatriots in China had clearly established the originally mythological character of the founder of the Xia Dynasty (traditionally ca. 2200–1760 B.C.) and of the rulers who preceded him in traditional Chinese historiography. The excavations near Anyang of late Shang palaces, tombs and inscribed oracle bones had also established the authenticity of the Shang Dynasty which followed the Xia, or at least of the latter part of it. In 1936, Chen Mengjia published an article in which he related the Xia king list to the Shang and argued that the two periods were the same. For the next forty years, the question of the authenticity of the Xia was left largely in abeyance although most scholars did continue to assume that the Xia Dynasty, which was hereditary like the Shang, would some day be authenticated by archaeological excavation.


XPS spectra of graphite-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) are presented. The specimen consists of 17 wt % PVdF and 83 wt % graphite. A freshly cut surface was examined using monochromated Al Kα x-rays. Spectra include a survey scan, C 1s and F 1s regions, and the F KLL Auger transitions.


Key Points Question Could selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition combined with standard concurrent chemoradiation therapy improve survival among patients with unresectable stage III non–small cell lung cancer? Findings In this phase 2 clinical trial of 96 patients, adding celecoxib to concurrent chemoradiation did not improve survival. Meaning Adding celecoxib to concurrent chemoradiation did not improve survival.


The cracking causes of flange of a weld part were analyzed by using direct reading spectrometer,optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy diffraction spectrometer(EDS)to analyze the chemical compositions,mechanical properties,microstructure and fracture of the flange.The results show that there were a lot of titanium nitride inclusions distributing in cluster and cumulate shape in material of the flange,and the cracks started from these inclusions because of stress concentration during machining process.


Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers' comments concerning our manuscript entitled "Transcatheter and Intraoperative device closure of atrial septal defect in Infants under three years of age: Procedural Results and Long-Term Follow-Up". These comments are all valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made corrections which we hope meet with approval. In addition, in order to improve the English editing of the article, we have sent the manuscript to a native language editing company. The responds to the reviewers' comments are as follows:


The activities of a number of antioxidants have been compared at 37° and 50° in purified distilled methyl esters of cottonseed, linseed and cod liver oil fatty acids, to which a small quantity of the pre-oxidised ester had been added as 'starter'. Relative activities were found to vary considerably with the fatty acid composition of the substrate and with the temperature and level of oxidation at which the measurements were made.


We discovered the embedding of K 6 in the Klein bottle is differed by the use of the link diagram, where the number of the components of the link diagram are not always equal. This result helps to construct some subfamilies of the embedding of Petersen family in the Klein bottle. DOI = 10.24897/acn.64.68.51


She points out that although most people believe that monogamy is rooted in sexual fidelity, the definition of the term is actually "to be married to one person" (p. 7). Of note, the definition makes no mention of love or sex, only the legal contract between two people. Brandon paints an intriguing picture of the history of monogamy in animal kingdoms and human societies, highlighting the anthropological, biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences impacting marriage. She balances the history and research with stories of fictional couples seeking sex therapy in order to thrive in their monogamous relationships. She concludes with self-discovery and relationship homework exercises for women and men. Monogamy: The Untold Story is thought-provoking and offers couples information on the challenges of monogamy as well as strategies for reflecting and connecting with their primal instincts to maintain fulfilling emotional and sexual marriages. The book's strengths include the comprehensive literature review on the history of monogamy in animals and humans, the recognition of the holistic nature of sexuality, the pro/con review of six relationship options (capitalizing on age differences, creating physical distance, limiting orgasm, tantra, swinging, and polyamory), and the concrete homework activities. While the chapters on anthropology, biology, and psychology are heavily referenced, the chapters on therapy and homework exercises lack references on the success of the approach. The later part of the book (Chapters 6–10) could have been strengthened with references supporting the therapeutic approach. Two challenges with this book are the use of outdated language (e.g., venereal disease) and limited attention given to the use of technology


Present review describes research on novel natural pharmacological compounds isolated from marine sponges. More than 90 novel cytotoxic antitumor compounds and their synthetic analogs have shown confirmed activity in vitro tumor cell lines bioassay and are of current interest to NCI for further in vivo evaluat ion. A great problem, to use directly the reservoir of marine organisms for therapy is the ve ry low availability and the isolation of only very small amounts of the biologically active subst ances from the natural materials. Sponges produce a wide array of secondary metabolites rangi ng from derivatives of amino acids and nucleosides to macrolides, porphyrins, terpenoids, aliphatic cyclic peroxides and sterols. The purpose of this article is to be present a structur ally reviewed the pharmacological activities in marine sponge antitumor and cytotoxic properties of 143 marine natural products, many of them novel compounds that belongs to the family of porifera possessed the various species diverse structural classes, including polyketides, terpenes, steroids and peptides. Finally, this 2009 overview of the highlights the fact that the d iscovery of novel some pharmacologically important of novel naturally presented chemical compounds isolated from a wide variety of marine sponges . Naturally, the following pharmacological compounds such as Monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric 3-alkylpyridiniums, amino acids and nucleotides to macrolides, porphyrins, terpenoids to aliphatic cyclic peroxide s and sterols, the majority of which are related to sponges and 3-alkylpyridines comprise a group of biologically active compounds found in several sponges. This review will present some of the aspects of the medicinal chemistry developed recently to introduce such modi fications. The structures, origins, synthesis and biological activity of a selection of N-heterocyclic marine sponge alkaloids are reviewed. The emphasis is on compounds poised as potential anticancer drugs: pyrroles, pyrazines, imidazole, and other structural families .


In 2010 Timor-Leste promulgated a law against domestic violence. AusAID awarded Judicial System Monitoring Programme (JSMP) a human rights grant in 2010 with three main objectives. The first was to provide professional development to increase knowledge of health professionals and lawyers of the new Penal Code and Domestic Violence Law; the second to build the capacity of participants to understand and fulfil their responsibilities under the new laws; and the last to improve access to justice and medical treatment to victims of domestic violence. As part of the curriculum development, the research team designed a survey to explore the learning needs of Timorese health and legal professionals. This article describes the history and context of the project, outlines the survey contents and the results. Some suggestions for future directions are suggested.