It can be stated in the article that the pulse-to-pulse amplitude variations of the chaff cloud depends upon the turbulence in and around the cloud. For self-protection chaff dispensed from jet aircraft, these amplitude variations generate changes in RCS of 30 dB Qr more that are common with 20 d$ or more occurring approximately 8% of the time, and 10 dB or more occurring about 30% of the time. These variations in RCS generates a spectrum that is very, wide compared to that conventionally reported in the literat're. Further work is required tQ clearly define the limits of the RCS. variations an to define the phase variations that occur on a pulse-to-pulse basis.


Outlier detection refers to detecting patterns that do not conform to an established normal behavior in a given data set and has found immense use in a wide variety of practical domains. Due to its important applications, many techniques have been developed for it, including distribution-based outlier detection methods, distance-based outlier detection methods, density-based outlier detection methods and clustering-based outlier detection methods, etc. However, no methods is completely satisfactory. Motivated by the centroid concept of k-means clustering algorithms, in this paper, we propose a k-nearest-neighbor centroid-based outlier detection method that is based on a global outlier factor and a local outlier factor and can provide competing performances with existing solutions. Experiments performed on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our method.


For some selected field studies of longitudinal dispersion the variances of observed concentration distributions increase linearly with time, as predicted by solutions to the one-dimensional Fickian-type diffusion equation. However, observed values of the skewness coefficient are almost constant, so deviations from the theoretical values become greater with increasing time. The usual assumption that concentration distributions converge to the Gaussian solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation is not supported by the empirical observations. One explanation for the persistence of the skewness is the existence of dead zones which temporarily trap portions of the dispersant. The coefficients of skewness predicted by a dead zone model fit the observed values more closely, but this model is, like the Fickian model, characterized by a decay in the skewness, which is not exhibited by the observed distributions.


RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems are one of the most pervasive computing technologies with technical potential and profitable opportunities in a diverse area of applications. However, they also present a number of inherent vulnerabilities. This paper comprehensive analysis the potential security threats and attacks that RFID networks faces, discusses possible countermeasures,reviews the existing RFID system security mechanisms and examines the weaknesses or flaws in these protocols. Then fields where future research is needed are identified.


This study aimed to assess the compositions and configurations of the urban green spaces (UGS) in urban functional land use areas in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The UGS data were extracted from Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) imagery and examined along with ancillary data. The results showed that the high-density mixed residence, medium-density mixed residence, and low-density mixed residence areas contained 16.7%, 8.7%, and 42.6% of the UGS, respectively, and together occupied 67.5% of the total UGS in the study area. Manufacturing and storage, social services, transport, administration, municipal function, and commercial areas contained 11.6%, 8.2%, 6.6%, 3.3%, 1.3%, and 1% of the UGS, respectively, together account for only 32% of the total UGS, indicating that two-third of the UGS were found in residential areas. Further, the results showed that 86.2% of individual UGS measured less than 3000 m2, while 13.8% were greater than 3000 m2, demonstrating a high level of fragmentation. The results also showed that there were strong correlations among landscape metrics, while the relationship between urban form and landscape metrics was moderate. Finally, more studies need to be conducted on the spatial pattern characteristics of UGS using very high-resolution (VHR) images. Additionally, future urban planning, design, and management need to be guided by an understanding of the composition and configuration of the UGS.


The first Islamic state was founded not in the shadow of swords, as is commonly believed in some circles, but in the security of a social contract, called the Constitution of Medina. By all counts, the Medina Constitution lit the torch of freedom by establishing a Free State for a pluralistic community composed of Muslims, Jews, and pagans. This unprecedented Free State, the first of its kind in the intellectual and political history of human civilization, was founded by none other than Prophet Muhammad himself in the Gregorian year of 622, that is, more than thirteen hundred years before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) envisaged a modern pluralistic, religiously tolerant Free State.


The invention discloses a preparation method of angelica-root-treated beauty cured meat. The preparation method includes cutting cleaned fresh pork into strips, and evenly applying spices per about 100g of the meat strips; stationarily curing the evenly applied meat strips at about 0 DEG C for 6-9 days, hanging rinsed meat strips to drip water completely, and taking the meat strips and smoking ina smoking house for 3-6 days, and baking the smoked meat strips at 55-65 DEG C till water content of the meat strips is 15-20% so as to obtain the cured meat. The angelica-root-treated beauty cured meat has mellow taste and is beauty-care.


In this paper we shall study the link between classical, quantum and semiclassical mechanics. We describe the development of semiclassical mechanics for eingenvalues problems and we construct asymptotique


abstract The aim of this briefing article is to investigate the use of visual methods in youth-led participatory action research and their potential in exploring resilience-enabling factors in the context of gender inequality that gives rise to the prevalence of sexual violence, teen pregnancy and the 'blesser' phenomenon. This study makes audible the voices of 20 adolescent volunteers at a public school situated in a low-income high-density district close to central Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. Although gender was not part of the criteria for selection, the majority of the volunteers were female and three were male. All were aged between 14 and 17, African and spoke isiZulu. In contrast to studies that select a focus prior to commencement, this programme supported participants to use their agency in determining their own agenda. Through a process of participatory action research they identified social issues they felt were critical to their context, namely sexual violence, teen pregnancy and 'blessers'. The participants drew community maps to identify physical challenges and problems in their communities, conducted community surveys, created an intervention using visual participatory methodologies and performed drama and poetry on the gender issues that they identified. This study, with its participatory approach, contributes to our understanding of how resilience can be co-constructed and the role young people have in advocating for change and transforming the social ecology in which they are stakeholders to become more gender sensitive.


In the new global economy, localization study has become a central attraction for tracking objects, such as children, pets or assets located either indoor or outdoor environment. The object environment somehow has a significant effect to the degree of the accuracy offered by the localization algorithms. This paper initially reviews localization techniques that are broadly categorized into two sub-categories, which are range-based and range-free techniques. In addition to that, three main algorithms used in localization, which are trilateration, multilateration and triangulation, and also the wireless technologies employed are also discussed. Referring to the previous literature, this paper proposes for the localization a design architecture of transmitter and receiver using long range (LoRa). The proposed system can be used to develop for a small low-cost low-power LoRa tracking device without global positioning satellite (GPS).


A U.S. power plant has considered using the product water from its brine evaporator in their potable system since it complies with all drinking-water standards. However, the carryover of boron from ash-pond effluent in the product water has caused some concerns. A limit fo 0.3 mg/liter of boron in potable water was recommended from a literature review. Eight potential boron-removal processes were evaluated and compared. Strong-base anion exchange appears to be the best process for the boron removal. For a 100-gal/min (23-m/sup 3//h) potable-water system, the treatment product cost was estimated to be $0.96 per 1000 gallons. This cost is very competitive with purchasing water from municipalities, even in areas where water is abundant. It would be economically attractive in an arid region where good quality water is scarce.


Anchovis spp. is of great importance in non-industrial feed formulation in Ghana as the main protein ingredient. Many microbial diseases found in poultry/livestock in Ghana are suspected to be due to contaminants on the fish in feed. Results from this survey suggest high levels of microbial contamination on the Anchovis fish. Seventeen genera of bacteria were isolated from Anchovis spp. samples taken along the coastal towns and markets in Ghana. The genera of bacteria isolated included Coliforms, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Escheriachia, Shigela, and Pseudomanas. These organisms are known to cause various diseases in man and animals, resulting in economic losses. Caution should, therefore, be taken in the use of Anchovis spp. in human food and animal feed, since it can be a source of bacterial infection. Ghana Jnl agric Sci. Vol.32(2) 1999: 185-188


With the rapid developting of office automation in information society,more and more data of database need to output Mircrosoft Office Word documents with form.At first,the basic method of data output to Word form is discussed. On the basis of it,general steps of data output to Word document form are described;At last,the key codes of data output to Word document form are listed for reference.


Whether or not one endorses realism about colour, it is very tempting to regard realism about determinable colours such as green and yellow as standing or falling together with realism about determinate colours such as unique green or green 31 . Indeed some of the most prominent representatives of both sides of the colour realism debate explicitly endorse the idea that these two kinds of realism are so linked. Against such theorists, the present paper argues that one can be a realist about the determinable colours of objects, and thus hold that most of the colour ascriptions made by competent speakers are literally true, while denying that there are any positive facts of the matter as to the determinate colours of objects. The result is a realistic colour realism that can certify most of our everyday colour ascriptions as literally correct, while acknowledging the data regarding individual variation.


The performance of biochar amended sand filters treating septic tank effluent (STE) was investigated in bench-scale columns. Softwood biochar showed higher NH4 + -N adsorption capacity (1.3 mg N g-1 ) and its water holding capacity (0.57 g mL-1 ) was significantly higher than sand (0.26 g mL-1 ). Two biochar amendment ratios (10% and 30%) were selected for STE treatment in short-term (20 days) and long-term (8 months) studies. During the short-term experiment, the overall TN removal efficiency was greater in biochar-amended sand columns (94.7 - 95.6%) than 100% sand columns (71.2%) due to the additional NH4 + -N adsorption by biochar. Greater nitrification performance was also observed in biochar-amended columns (87.1 - 96.3%) than 100% sand columns (61.4%) during long-term operation when alkalinity was insufficient. The nitrification performance in biochar-amended columns resumed more quickly (< 7 days) after sufficient alkalinity was amended. The density of total biomass and nitrifying bacteria in biochar-amended columns (30%) were significantly higher at all experimental stages, suggesting biochar served as a growth media for enhanced biomass growth. The alkalinity changes and STE composition fluctuation had little impact on the nitrification performance of the 30% biochar-amended sand columns. In addition, biochar surface functional groups and zeta potential changed little after long term STE filtration. Collectively, the results demonstrated proper biochar amendment ratio (30%) could enhance the nitrification performance of sand filters treating STE by increasing the system hydraulic retention time, providing additional alkalinity for nitrification and serving as a growth media for enhanced biomass growth. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


TO THE EDITOR: Our vascular laboratory provided diagnostic data for the RD Heparin study and we have concerns about the design of Davidson and colleagues' study [1] comparing color Doppler ultrasound to contrast venography for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The data were collected from only 7 of the 20 centers in the RD Heparin study. They were retrospectively selected on the basis of a questionnaire, in which each center declared whether they used color Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of DVT. In our laboratory, all study patients were examined with color Doppler ultrasound equipment, but our data were arbitrarily excluded because we do not use the color image as a criterion for diagnosis of DVT. We rely primarily on confluent examination of venous segments with real-time B-mode imaging and compression maneuvers. The authors submitted data from our laboratory for another study [2]. In this study, duplex scanning had a sensitivity of 100% in detecting four cases of proximal DVT and had an overall accuracy of 86% for evaluation of calf or thigh veins when compared with venography. However, if duplex scanning had been declared the gold standard, venography would have had an accuracy of only 87% because it missed six cases of DVT of the calf and one of DVT of the thigh. These results are much better than those reported in the Annals article and would not support the conclusion by Davidson and colleagues that duplex scanning is insensitive and should not be substituted for venography. Any multicenter study using ultrasound should be designed to ensure that examinations are done in a consistent fashion with comparable equipment; this was not done in the current study. In addition, it is well known that patients with perioperative hip and knee arthroplasty are among the most technically difficult patient groups to examine by duplex scanning, further contributing to the poor results reported for color Doppler ultrasound. The above concerns notwithstanding, we actually agree with the conclusion that color Doppler imaging is an inferior method for diagnosing DVT. Unfortunately, most Annals readers do not have adequate background knowledge to realize that properly performed duplex scanning remains the test of choice for diagnosis of DVT in most patients. Color Doppler is useful for anatomic orientation and for enhancing the speed of examination but it should not be relied on to provide the diagnosis of DVT.


Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite materials replace traditional engineering materials due to their properties. Accordingly, the need for accurate machining of composites has increased enormously. The advantages include high strength to weight ratio, high fracture toughness and excellent corrosion and thermal resistance. Even though the moulding process may produce GFRP parts, they require further machining to facilitate dimensional control for easy assembly and control of surface quality for functional aspects. The material removal mechanism is different from that of machining single-phase materials, such as metals. GFRP are extremely abrasive when machined. Thus, selecting the cutting tool and the cutting parameters is very important in the machining process. The machinability in turning operations of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) will be investigated by the super-hard cutting tool (PCD and Ceramic Inserts). A plan of experiments will be performed on controlled machining with cutting parameters prefixed in the workpiece.


Multipliers are one of the most important components in microprocessors and DSP processors [9]. Baugh Wooley is one among them and it is an array multiplier. Array multipliers have a more regular layout and it presents high speed performance. The paper deals with the design of a Baugh Wooley multiplier using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET). A Verilog-A formulation of the Stanford compact model for CNTFET is used for simulation of Multiplier in Cadence circuit simulator. CNTFET based multipliers are energy efficient. Since multipliers are the important component of almost all processors they must be fast and less power consuming.


Grassland ecosystem, one of the widely distributed vegetation type, is of great significance in estimation of global carbon cycle. The grassland net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in global change and carbon balance; it is always used as an index of C cycle in terrestrial ecosystems at landscape and regional scales. This paper compaired grassland net primary productivity (NPP) estimation methods, including filed observation and models (mainly climate productivity model, process model and light energy use efficiency model). As every method has its limited, it was convenient and prompt to estimate NPP using remote sensing data and could achieve fast monitoring of all kinds of vegetation. Meanwhile, these researches, such as influence on the terrestrial ecosystem carbon source/sink caused by climate change and atmospheric CO2 increase and effects on carbon cycle caused by terrestrial ecosystems type conversion, are not studied enough; either scene simulation based on models or contrast studies, there is even larger gap in this research in China. Therefore, we studied the NPP of the main grassland in China( Sinkiang, Inner Mongolia, grassplot in Southern China) using the Remote Sensing(RS), Geography Information System(GIS), modified Cellular Automata(CA) and integrated model with high precision testified by MODIS data and meteorological data, which is much more suitable for grassland in China, and extend to the Europe and North America, then grassland ecosystem carbon source/sink estimation using remote sensing data is proposed. The results will provide the scientific basis for the government to account grassland carbon balance and carbon storage in the future. Under the condition of increasing measuring precision and region density, it is superior to use remote sensing in grassland NPP measurement, which provides baseline for the terrestrial carbon cycle mechanism and global carbon balance research.


The ball bearings, which operated in the cryogenic turbo-pump, are working at high-speed and heavy-load conditions. The operating performance at high speed and tribological matching properties in liquid nitrogen of the hybrid bearings are compared with those of all steel beatings. The theory calculation results show that the centrifugal force, gyroscopic torque, spin-roll ratio and spin rate of balls in the hybrid bearings are less than those in all steel beatings. Also the difference of those parameters among all balls in hybrid bearing is small while large in all steel bearing. The ball-to-disc tribological tests between ball and ring materials without lubricant in both air or liquid nitrogen show that the pair of ceramic against steel has steady friction coefficient and no severe adhesion, at same time the pair of steel against steel displays bad friction property and severe adhesions. The synthesis performance tests of the hybrid bearings and all steel bearings are conducted in liquid nitrogen on a high-speed bearing tester. The all steel bearings endured less than 8 minutes, while the hybrid bearings operated exceed 120 minutes.


Introducing of chlorine into biologically versatile heterocyclic rings might led to the improvement of their pharmacological activity. Therefore compounds IIa-IIr and IIIa-IIIf were prepared with the aim to combine the pesticidal qualities of heterocyclic nuclei.


This invention relates to a method for utilizing fingerprint identification to automatically fill in user data, which can take fingerprint input as the identity discrimination of the user, sets up URL network address or the pre-stored identifying code, account number and ciphered code of the user corresponding to the applied software, when the user starts URL network address or applied software, it inputs the user account number web page of the ciphered code and inputs a fingerprint image signal and converts it to a fingerprint identifying code then compares if the two codes are in conformity with each other, if so, it picks up the correspondent user account, ciphered code and fills in related position to automatically fill in its account and code.


A multi-sonar-system for mobile robots under the influence of external disturbances is discussed. Many robots have on board more than ten sonars to detect obstacles on their surroundings. One of the most serious problem of such a multi-sonar-system is to prevent a crosstalk between sonars. Some papers reported a method that the transmitting signal of each sensor is modulated by unique binary pattern to identify individual sonar and to reduce the crosstalk. The authors have examined the probability of erroneous measurement of a multi-sonar-system whose transmitting signals are modulated by unique patterns, and proposed a method to synthesize a set of the pattern which gives the desired probability of erroneous measurement. In this paper, we extend the method to the multi-sonar-system under the influence of external disturbances. The effectiveness of a median filtering technique to reduce the probability of erroneous measurement is also discussed. Finally, some experimental results using a real robot are presented to verify the results.


* Master, Academy of Medicine, Singapore Address for Reprints: Dr Chee Yam Cheng, Department of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433. † Based on a presentation made at the Royal College of Surgeons, England on 20 May 1999 at the meeting on "Global Perspectives in Healthcare and Clinical Training"—a Joint Conference of the Royal College of Physicians of London; the Royal College of Surgeons of England; Academy of Medicine, Malaysia; Academy of Medicine, Singapore; Hong Kong Academy of Medicine and the Chinese Medical Association Introduction It was in 1994 that as an overseas fellow of the College, I received a letter from Dr Peter Toghill, Director of Continuing Medical Education (CME), Royal College of Physicians of London, stating that the three Royal Colleges of Physicians in the UK have agreed to joint recommendation on continuing medical education. This letter dated 19 May 1994 accompanied a copy of the report published in June 1994 titled "CME for the trained physician, recommendations for the introduction and implementation of a CME system." 1 This is familiar to you all in the United Kingdom.


In order to develop stretchable substrate technology for stretchable devices, locally stiffness-variant stretchable substrates were processed with two polydimethylsiloxane elastomers of different stiffnesses and their deformation behavior was characterized. Low-stiffness substrate matrix and embedded high-stiffness island of the stretchable substrate were formed by using Dragon Skin 10 of the elastic modulus of 0.09 MPa and Sylgard 184 of the elastic modulus of 2.15 MPa, respectively. A stretchable substrate was fabricated to a configuration of 6.5 cm length, 0.4 cm thickness, and 2.5 cm width. The elastic modulus of a stretchable substrate was increased from 0.09 MPa to 0.13~0.33 MPa by embedding a Sylgard 184 island of 1 cm width and 1~6 cm length into the center part of the Dragon Skin 10 substrate matrix. The elastic modulus of a stretchable substrate was improved to 0.16~0.2 MPa by embedding a Sylgard 184 island of 4 cm length and 0.5~1.5 cm width and to 0.1421~0.154 MPa by embedding a Sylgard 184 island of 2 cm length and 0.5~1.5 cm width. With increasing the tensile strain of a stretchable substrate, deformation restriction of the locally stiffness-variant Sylgard 184 island was further enhanced due to substantial increase in the strength difference between Sylgard 184 and Dragon 10 at large strain.


The main purpose of the present invention is to provide: composite particles which can hold transplanted cells thereon satisfactorily for a period of time until the effect of the cells is developed; and a cell preparation comprising the composite particles and cells supported on the composite particles. The purpose can be achieved by composite particles each of which comprises inorganic particles adsorbed on the surface of a particle comprising an L-lactide-e-caprolactone copolymer, wherein the constitutional molar ratio of L-lactide to an e-caprolactone copolymer in the copolymer is approximately 75/25. The present invention also provides a cell preparation comprising cell-supported composite particles, which comprises cell-supported composite particles produced by supporting cells on the above-mentioned composite particles.


Rejecting fashionable subjectivist and cultural relativist approaches, this important book argues that human beings have universal and objective needs for health and autonomy and a right to their optimal satisfaction. The authors develop a system of social indicators to show what such optimization would mean in practice and assess the records of a wide range of developed and underdeveloped economies in meeting their citizens' needs


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reconstruction and segmentation are crucial for medical diagnostics and treatment planning. Despite advances, achieving high performance in both tasks remains challenging, especially in the context of accelerated MRI acquisition. Motivated by this challenge, the objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach for MRI image reconstruction and segmentation specifically tailored for accelerated acquisition scenarios. The proposed method unifies these tasks by incorporating segmentation feedback into an iterative reconstruction algorithm and using a transformer-based encoder–decoder architecture. This architecture consists of a shared encoder and task-specific decoders, and employs a feature distillation process between the decoders. The proposed model is evaluated on the Stanford Knee MRI with Multi-Task Evaluation (SKM-TEA) dataset against established methods such as SegNetMRI and IDSLR-Seg. The results show improvements in the PSNR, SSIM, Dice, and Hausdorff distance metrics. An ablation study confirms the contribution of feature distillation and segmentation feedback to the performance gains. The advancements demonstrated in this study have the potential to impact clinical practice by facilitating more accurate diagnosis and better-informed treatment plans.


An Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO) mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas product is used to analyze the path type and temporal variability of the eddies that entered the continental shelf area of the northern South China Sea (SCS) from 1993 to 2016. A total of 184 mesoscale eddies entered the continental shelf area of the northern SCS during a 24-year period. We classify the mesoscale eddies into four types according to the motion trajectories: along-the-isobath type, intrusion-of-continental-shelf type, local wandering type, and shelf-internal-generation type. The occurrence numbers of these four types were 87, 38, 23, and 36, respectively. The mean amplitude and radius of the along-the-isobath type are the largest, about 18 cm and 153 km, respectively; furthermore, their average lifetime is also the longest, about 93 days. The mean amplitude, radius, and lifetime are the smallest for the shelf-internal-generation type, about 16 cm, 146 km, and 74 days, respectively. The direction and velocity of the background flow field affects the intrusion path of the mesoscale eddies onto the continental shelf of the northern SCS. The seasonal distribution of the mesoscale eddies quantity is also related to the direction and velocity of the corresponding background flow field.


Professor Lambton claims that her work goes beyond the immediate needs of a simple companion to her Grammar and will also serve those who mean to read the classics. The trouble about words is that they have a chameleon-like quality of taking on the colour of their surroundings. One word one meaning is seldom the rule. Even the names of concrete things can have a variety of connotations. What I mean by ' soap ' or ' salt' is not necessarily what the Persian knows as sabun or namak, so that when I look up ' strong ' in the Vocabulary and am told to see ' powerful ', I am likely to go astray if I want strong tea. (Incidentally, the Persian for ' cup ' is given, but not that for ' saucer ', a thing which is known in Iran to-day.) When it comes to abstract concepts matters are even more intricate. Thus, to take only one instance, vejdan may mean ' intuition', as well as ' conscience '. It is axiomatic that dictionary-making is a thankless task, and also that no dictionary can catch up with the constant mutations brought about by usage. Here, within the limits which the author has set herself, is a piece of work entirely suited to its purpose.


This article provides a close-range study of conditions leading to illegal migration from a rural village in Mexico. It is one of the few available studies of illegal migration at its point of origin. Its primary concern is not individual psychological traits, but the social network of relationships and mutual obligations conditioning the decision to migrate.


The nature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is always regarded by companies as
philanthropy. As such, many companies choose to ignore CSR by giving many excuses
such as "limited fund, not enough profit, still a small business or CSR is only for public
listed companies/conglomerates". For the big companies, CSR is included in their
business plan because good will and high reputation are important for the business.
However, for small and medium sizes companies, CSR may not be regarded as important
as it is often treated as a "welfare issue". This is where the concern arise; many issues
which CSR try to resolve are acts related to small medium sizes companies such as
illegal dumping of industrial waste, open burning and improper or unsafe work place.
It is highly perceived that for global changes, CSR should not be treated as philanthropy
but rather as a mandatory requirement for all companies, regardless their sizes. One of
the ways to do this is through legislations. With the recent amendments of Companies Act
1965, particularly in relation to directors duties to act with due diligence, it is apparent
that CSR could be imposed to all companies.
This paper will discuss the overall concept of CSR and the global expectation of its
implementation. This paper will also analyze on how CSR could be imposed to all
companies via regulations; with special reference to the Malaysian Companies Act 1965.


Inside of the historic wooden church airborne indoor bacteria and fungi were assessed. This was determined through air quality sampling using the ,,open plate technique". Petri dish containing Sabouraud medium was used for fungi test, Actinomycetes Isolation Agar and Plate Count Agar for filamentous bacteria and for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, respectively. The bacteria isolated were: Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Actinomyces sp. Determination of most common fungi: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.. Alternaria sp., Paecilomyces sp., Cladosporium sp., Stachybotrys sp., Chaetomium sp., Absidia sp., Trichoderma sp., Trichotecium sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Aureobasidium sp. The yeasts belonging to Rhodotorula and Candida species were also isolated. The microorganisms present in indoor air of the wooden curch indicates an intermediate level of contamination according to the guidelines of the sanitary standards. To broaden the data obtained, we conducted a focus group in order to emphasize the subjective assessment of indoor air quality inside the wooden church. Qualitative results are complementary with our air contamination tests results.


Healthy eating behavior is changing society's consumption patterns. Consumers are choosing low-fat and are avoiding non-preservatives or other health-damaging components. The juice category is no exception to this. According to global, regional and local trends, there's an opportunity to add a Premium Ready-to-Drink (RTD) juice to the product portfolio of Coca-Cola Perú at Lima city. This Strategic Marketing Plan aims to incorporate this new category, and by doing so achieve a positive economic and social impact. The proposal of the new product portfolio is based on the motivations of consumers who seek in the category (a) essential nutrition, (b) functional nutrition to quench hunger, and (c) functional nutrition that activates. Based on these motivations and the perceived value of each of the products, the price has been determined. Likewise go-to-market strategies have been proposed with different distribution channels and appropriate media messages to most effectively impact the target audience. It should be noted that each of the presented product concepts was well accepted by the respondents with a high purchasing predisposition. Similarly, it should be emphasized that this Strategic Marketing Plan will have a positive social impact on the VRAEM through both public interest community and suppliers. On the other hand, recycling of the bottles will clearly contribute to the environment. Finally, after the financial evaluation, the project is defined as viable, generating a NPV of S /. S/.1'610,078 over a five-year period with a ROI of 29%.


Flapping Wing Micro Air Vechicles have been proposed for their ability to operate in confined spaces such as inside buildings. Numerous designs have been proposed for birdsized flapping wing MAVs, but few for insect-sized vehicles. The smaller scale of insect-sized vehicles require different design and fabrication approaches. Here, a 7 cm wingspan design is presented that uses bimorph piezoelectric cantilever actuators amplified through a fourbar linkage to flap the MAV wings through a wing stroke angle of ±55�i . Novel methods for micro-fabrication are described that enable the repeatable assembly of such small structures. Finally, the mechanism is tested with a laser vibrometer, and the experimental results are presented showing that the fabricated MAV prototype behaves as designed.


The utility model relates to a pure-cotton double-layer isomerism intellectual fabric. The utility model is characterized in that the fabric adopts a pure-cotton double-layer structure, an inner layer is provided with a dewatering finishing pure-cotton yarn, an outer layer is provided with a hydrophilic finishing yarn, and the inner layer and the outer layer form weave connection according to knitting. The utility model adopts the special pure-cotton double-layer structure, the dewatering finishing pure-cotton yarn of the inner layer has good moisture permeability and air permeability, the hydrophilic finishing pure-cotton yarn of the outer layer has good water absorbability, and the layer difference formed by the inner and the outer layers provides dynamic force for water transmission. The moisture of the inner layer can be quickly permeated to the outer layer so as to make the inner layer keep a dry state, so the function of quick sweating is achieved. The inner and the outer layers are both made of 100% pure-cotton face fabric, so the utility model has advantages of good hand feeling, comfort wearing and good launderability through processing.


Selected problems concerning volatile organic compounds emission reduction from thick-veneer pine plywood. The paper presents results of research conducted on volatile organic compounds emissions, considering two different production parameter sets for thick-veneer pine plywood, manufactured in industrial conditions. Both types of plywood were produced from raw wood material, which was hydrothermally treated under two different variants of parameters (I – 47˚C, 19 h; II – 55˚C, 24 h). Based on the results it was stated that severe hydrothermal treatment of raw wood material (longer soaking time, higher temperature) had impact on reduction of plywood VOC emission rates. Main VOCs emitted from pine plywood were monoterpenes and carbonyl compounds. Of the monoterpenes, α-pinene and 3-carene had the highest emission. Of the carbonyl group of compounds, the highest emission had hexanal and caproic acid.


1 The dose‐response curves for angiotensin II and four analogues in rat colon and uterus, and in rabbit aorta, were obtained. 2 The ED50 values of angiotensin II as well as the ED50s and intrinsic activities of angiotensin analogues varied between the three organs. 3 The interaction of two competitive antagonists with angiotensin II receptors was also examined. The KI values obtained with both antagonists on the uterus differed from the values on the other tissues. 4 It is concluded that angiotensin II receptors may be different in the three organs examined.


Forest is an area that is overgrown with thick trees and other plants. We can find forests in both the tropics and cold climates, in the lowlands and in the mountains, on small islands and on large continents, forests are a collection of plants and plants, especially trees or other woody plants, and these cannot be separated by HHBK, this made research interesting about the community's response to the utilization of the Candlenut Non-Timber Forest Products (Aleurites moluccana Willd). The purpose of this study was to determine how the community's response to the utilization of HHBK candlenut in Mire Village, Ulubongka District, Tojo Una-Una Regency, Central Sulawesi.This research was conducted in 2 months, from November to December 2019, and respondents were determined by purposive sampling. With data analysis using descriptive analysis methods, so that results are more detailed, From the characteristics of the respondents obtained through data analysis with descriptive material 1 (disagree) 3 (less agree) 5 (agree) The results showed that the response of the people of Mire Village to the use of hazelnut NTFP to bring prosperity to the community they responded was in the high level category or agreed, while the analysis of the data with scaling showed the community response to the utilization of hazelnut IPH by a percentage (200) High, why is it high because the level of community understanding of the hazelnut NTFPs is very good and this is also the result of Likert scale calculations. Keywords: Forest, Candlenut, Analysis.


Needs for artificial food for salmons considerably increase recently because of foundation of new salmon hatcheries and reconstruction of existing hatcheries in Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Primorye, and Khabarovsk and Magadan regions. In conditions of shortage of Russian-made mixed fodders of high quality and urges toward substitution of imported fodders by domestic ones, highly productive fodders for salmons should be developed using modern scientific knowledge and industrial technologies. Fermented pastas on the base of raw pollock and wastes of other fish processing (chum salmon, saury, herring) are presented as components of mixed fodders for juvenile salmons corresponding by their quality and safety to nutritional requirements of juveniles. Recipes of starting fodders for farming of salmons are proposed with 6 % and 10 % of dry fermentolyzate of these raw materials. These experimental fodders are successfully tested in conditions of salmon hatcheries. The mixed fodder B-1-6 % has lower content of protein (38.5 %) but higher content of lipids (14.5 %) and carbohydrates (37.5 %), as compared with the B-1-10 %, its amino acid composition corresponds to the needs of chum salmon. In the experiments, the feeding coefficients of the experimental fodders (0.64-0.86) were better than those of the fodders Aller Aqua (Denmark) and Dalkorm (Russia) with feeding coefficients 1.00 and 1.44, respectively. The fodders Aller Aqua and Dalkorm caused some pathomorphological changes in digestive system of juvenile chum salmon that reduced quality of juveniles and impeded their growth; the experimental fodder with 6 % of dry fermentolyzate caused mild lipoidal degeneration of liver in reversible form for 15 % of the examined juveniles, but this pathology had no significant effect on quality of the released juveniles. Introduction of high-protein dry fermentolyzate to mixed fodders allows to reduce the portion of fish flour without reducing quality of their protein component, herewith the juveniles vitality increasing.


Significant progress has been made in single source recognition for fiber-optical distributed acoustic sensor (DAS). However, it is still challenging to detect and identify more than one unpredictable vibration sources when they are superimposed at the same fiber receiving point. Thus, in this paper it is proposed a blind multi-source separation method based on fast independent component analysis (FastICA), which utilizes the independency and non-Gaussianity of different sources. Firstly, two multi-source mixing mechanisms and separability of different sources received by DAS based on Φ-OTDR are discussed; to solve the two "blind" problems that the source number and the mixing mode are both unknown, a linear simultaneous mixing mode is assumed, and the source number is estimated by singular value decomposition to the observation matrix; then preprocessing of denoising and anti-mixing, and separation with FastICA by maximizing negative entropy are carried out to make the non-Gaussianity of the estimated signal achieve its maximum; finally, feasibility of the separation method is evaluated through several mixing cases including simulations with two to four field collected signals and a real field test with two sources superimposed on the buried fiber. Signal waves and the spectra, and three separation indicators, such as the Performance Index (PI), the signal correlation coefficients, and the signal mean square error (SMSE), are used to evaluate the performance of the method. As far as we know, it is the first time to realize the separation of an unknown number of the superimposed sources detected by DAS.


Structural similarity networks are a central focus of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research into human brain connectomes in health and disease. We present Morphometric INverse Divergence (MIND), a robust method to estimate within-subject structural similarity between cortical areas based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the multivariate distributions of their structural features. Compared to the prior approach of morphometric similarity networks (MSNs) on N>10,000 data from the ABCD cohort, MIND networks were more consistent with known cortical symmetry, cytoarchitecture, and (in N=19 macaques) gold-standard tract-tracing connectivity, and were more invariant to cortical parcellation. Importantly, MIND networks were remarkably coupled with cortical gene co-expression, providing fresh evidence for the unified architecture of brain structure and transcription. Using kinship (N=1282) and genetic data (N=4085), we characterized the heritability of MIND phenotypes, identifying stronger genetic influence on the relationship between structurally divergent regions compared to structurally similar regions. Overall, MIND presents a biologically-validated lens for analyzing the structural organization of the cortex using readily-available MRI measurements.


......................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Research Problem ................................................................................................. 8 Research Question .............................................................................................. 10 Statement of Purpose .......................................................................................... 11 Theoretical Frameworks ..................................................................................... 12 Research Justification ......................................................................................... 14 Bracketing ........................................................................................................... 16 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................. 17 Summary .................................................................................................................. 21 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 24 Overview of Treatment History ............................................................................... 26 Contextual Framework ............................................................................................. 33 Identity and Group Identification ........................................................................ 34 Personal and Social Stigmas ............................................................................... 38 High Risk Factors ............................................................................................... 44 Theoretical Analysis ................................................................................................ 47 Theory of Human Motivation ............................................................................. 47 Social Identity Theory ......................................................................................... 55 Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory ................................................... 59


The concept of information society was introduced over a decade ago. It stimulated great interest among social scientists and policy makers. But to what extent do people know about it? What do they feel about the changes forecasted by academics? A total of 1,308 college students from Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and US were surveyed. Students from different nations were found to vary in their level of knowledge regarding information technologies and the concept of information society. Even those from societies at similar stages of development, e.g. Japan and US, differed in their perception of the future. It is also interesting to note that majority of the respondents in this study did not feet information technologies can help to alleviate the most serious problems facing their societies.


The wall polishing is a common and important task for the interior renovation. However, the current procedure of wall polishing is heavily dependent on manual works, which have several issues on safety, efficiency, and quality. In this paper, a new vision-based adaptive impedance controller is proposed for polishing robots to automate the labor-intensive works and hence systematically deal with the problems associated with manual polishing. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, the vision feedback is employed in the desired impedance model such that the high resolution of the camera guarantees the quality of polishing. Second, the convergence to the desired impedance model is theoretically proved with the consideration of the online adaptation of uncertain dynamic parameters. Experimental results on a polishing robot are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.


This article explores the main features of exceptions to enforcement under Article V of the NYC, including its exhaustive and discretionary natures. It then specifically provides an overview of narrow judicial control over the grounds for refusing enforcement under the Article V of the NYC. It points out the fundamental principles of the provision in determining the enforceability of international arbitral awards. Then this article will occasionally refer to international arbitral cases in some jurisdictions, such as the United States, France and Switzerland. It is noted that courts and legislatures in those jurisdictions have moved towards pro-enforcement policy to questions of recognition and enforcement arising under Article V of the NYC. Therefore, this approach is a good signal and a promising development to promote the finality and enforeability of foreign arbitral awards in international commercial arbitration. This approach can also be a good lesson for the Indonesian judiciary system in relation to the enforcement and recognition of international arbitral awards in the future.


Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(mGlu5) is known to be important for the development of brain tumors.Recent studies showed that mGlu5 receptor was present in liver tissues with pathologic diagnoses,nonetheless,its connection with hepatocellular carcinoma remained unknown.To study the effect of mGlu5 activation in HepG2 cells,dihydroxyphenylglycine(DHPG) was employed for the treatments.The results showed that the activation of mGlu5 promoted HepG2 cell growth.The stimulated ERK/JNK and inhibited p38 signaling have lead to,the activation of transcription factors,including CREB/Elk1 and NF-κB.This study suggested that MAPK signaling pathway was involved in mGlu5-mediated cell growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.


Aim: Nocturnal enuresis is one of the most common urinary system disorders of childhood. Urotherapy(behavioral therapy) is the primary method for treatment of nocturnal enuresis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nocturnal enuresis frequency during 3 days bladder diary for esti mating the success of urotherapy. Material and Method: Patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in an age group of 5 to 18 years were prospectively included to study. They were given a 3 days bladder diary and reevaluated 1 week later and urotherapy strategies were told to both patients and parents. They were evaluated after 3 months later and success rate of urotherapy was compared with the nocturnal enuresis frequency in 3 days bladder diary. Results: A total of 66 patients were evaluated. There were 26(39.4%) patients with nocturnal enuresis in >3 nights/week and 40(60.6%) patients with nocturnal enuresis in every night. At the end of the third month of urotherapy, 50(75.7%) patients had >%50 decrease in clinical nocturnal enuresis frequency, whereas 16(24.3%) had no clinical improvement. Among the patients who did not have enuresis during bladder diary, 21(91.3%) had improvement with urotherapy. All of the patients with 1 day nocturnal enuresis in bladder diary had improved by conservative strategies, whereas 53.3% with 2 days enuresis and 22.2% with 3 days enuresis was able to improve by urotherapy. Discussions: We observed a direct relation between nocturnal enuresis frequency in bladder diary and urotherapy success. Clinician may predict urotherapy success by an attentive bladder diary evaluation.


The Present manuscript discusses on various scientific aspects of Indian Vedic Agnihotra Vijnan and Mantra therapy. It has been scientifically proven in many recent experiemnts and literature that Homa therapy is much effective in inviting rainy clouds, efficient in disesaes control through inhaling therapy, generates negative ions responsible for happiness, organic homa krishi (farming) is best for humans, boon for mental and physical fitness. The authors' team have tried best to present a series of small experiemnts in support of few of above results and confident enough that gradually this therapy is poular and being accepted globally by one and all. Indian culture and science is scientific and full of components to uplift the human conciousness and ease in life. The present study supports this fact by visualizations and sensor based experiemnts. In 21st century, it is crucial to accept with open minded the good features of this alternate therapy in view of second and third and multiple waves of pandemic caused by sars-cov'19 and other global threats.


Representations of librarians have appeared in popular culture for a long time. Previous research has found that the most common image of the librarian is the spinster, but only a smaller part of the research has focused on the underlying causes. Drawing inspiration from Radford and Radfords (1997) article "Power Knowledge and Fear: Feminism, Foucault and the Stereotype of the Female Librarian", the aim of this Master's thesis is to investigate how librarians are represented, how their gender is produced and what power structures lay behind.

The material has been limited to films and TV-series, which is an effective medium for reaching a lot of people. It also serves the spectator with visual images, why the spectator therefore isn't allowed to form their own images. Through mainstream film and tv-series, we can also make sense of what the producers (and society) want to represent and communicate.

Although both society and the profession itself has changed with the development of technology, the old stereotype seems to persist. Stereotypical characteristics is found in many of the representations of the librarians in our material, but we have also found divergences such as an increased representation of male librarians.

We analyze our material through discourse theory, gender theory, and norm critical film theory. We identify the following discourses; The white librarian, Body vs. brain, The Beast Below, Class and The intelligent woman as a threat. We argue that these discourses create, reproduce and support a white, patriarchal order which is demeaning to both men and women, and indeed librarians.


From magnetostriction measurements on silver monocrystals doped with rare earths at about 0.5 at.% concentration, we estimate the ion-lattice coupling parameters. For each monocrystal the $〈001〉$ and $〈111〉$ shape magnetostrictions have the same sign and follow the sign of the quadrupolar Stevens factor $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of the rare-earth impurity. Higher-order terms cannot be neglected. The volume magnetostriction for $〈001〉$ fields is an order of magnitude smaller than the shape effect and is positive for each sample.


Department of Neuroradiology, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom Department of Neurosurgery, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom Movement Disorders Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom


Abstract In his Encyclopedia, the late Hegel makes the highest demands on truth and justification from the first paragraph onward. With this, Hegel takes up the skeptical challenge and believes that he can overcome this problem. However, it is not easy to see how Hegel tries to meet this challenge in the Science of Logic, which plays a fundamental role in Hegel's encyclopedic project. The present article argues that the question of the justification of the claim to truth is a fruitful perspective for the interpretation of the Science of Logic. For this purpose Hegel's answer to the Agrippan Trilemma is examined, which P. Franks analyzed as a basic problem for Classical German Philosophy. One possible interpretation of Hegel sees him solving the skeptical trilemma at the beginning of the Logic. The article argues against this possibility that the Logic of the Concept contains Hegel's actual solution. This solution consists in (1) that the concept represents the principle of logic and (2) that the concept itself must be presented in the form of an apagogical argument. Finally, the article gives a reason why Hegel sees an analogy to the ontological argument in this attempt of an ultimate justification.


The effects of nitrogenation on single-walled carbon nanotubes are investigated within the ab initio density functional theory. Four different types of nitrogenation have been considered: (i) direct substitution of nitrogen atoms, (ii) substitution with a formation of vacancy (pyridinelike doping), (iii) exohedral chemisorption of N adatoms, and (iv) sidewall covalent -$\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ functionalization. Structural deformations, electronic band structures, density of states, and ionization potential energies are calculated and compared among the different types of nitrogenated nanotubes. Magnetism is observed for chemisorbed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with magnetic moment of $0.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$. In addition, the relaxed structures of SWNTs with two neighboring chemisorbed N adatoms are generally more complex than those of singly chemisorbed N adatom. The barrier energies needed to coalesce two N adatoms chemisorbed on SWNTs to form a free ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ molecule are higher than those for a graphene sheet.


Wisdom is reportedly associated with better health and quality of life. However, our knowledge of the neurobiology of wisdom is still in the early stages of development. We aimed to improve our understanding by correlating a psychometric measure of the trait with patterns of brain activation produced by a cognitive task theorized to be relevant to wisdom: moral decision‐making. In particular, we aimed to determine whether individual differences in wisdom interact with moral task complexity in relation to brain activation.


The invention provides printing control equipment, which comprises a paper transfer unit, a control unit, an image acquisition unit and an image analysis unit, wherein the paper transfer unit is used for transferring to-be-printed paper for printing; the control unit is used for controlling the paper transfer unit to transfer the to-be-printed paper; the image acquisition unit is used for acquiring the image of the to-be-printed side of the to-be-printed paper before the paper transfer unit transfers the to-be-printed paper for printing at each time, and transmitting the acquired image of the to-be-printed side to the image analysis unit; and the image analysis unit is used for analyzing the image of the to-be-printed side after the image acquisition unit acquires the image of the to-be-printed side, transmitting a paper transfer allowing signal to the control unit when the image of the to-be-printed side is a blank paper image, and transmitting a paper transfer forbidding signal to the control unit when the image of the to-be-printed side is not the blank paper image.


This volume provides a comprehensive and in-depth handbook of qualitative research in the field of communication disorders. It introduces and illustrates the wide range of qualitative paradigms tha ...


A coupling numerical simulation technology which combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method with computational structure dynamic (CSD) is developed. Several kinds of mode to exchange data for CFD/CSD coupled computation is designed. In this paper, aeroelastic response of hypersonic wing under Ma 5 wind tunnel experimental condition is calculated and compared with piston theory method as an example. The influence of coupling mode is discussed. The computed result indicates CDF/CSD method of aeroelastic simulation on the threedimensional wing is feasible and credible.


Craniopharyngiomas are benign brain tumors that can often be cured surgically. A small fraction of unresectable tumors can progress and cause significant morbidity and even death. Unfortunately, WNT activated tumors lack clinically-validated targeted therapies in the pediatric population. Herein, we describe a patient with a multiply recurrent adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma with WNT activation. We utilized the MEK inhibitor binimetinib with noted interval decrease in tumor size. This demonstrates the possible utility of MEK inhibitors in WNT activated craniopharyngiomas.


We use a rotational shearing interferometer to determine the angular location and wavelength of sparse point sources by capturing 2 interference patterns on a CCD array. Wo demonstrate this using a portable RSI with embedded processing.


This paper describes an algorithm, called SEQUITUR, that identi"es hierarchical structure in sequences of discrete symbols and uses that information for compression. On many practical sequences it performs well at both compression and structural inference, producing comprehensible descriptions of sequence structure in the form of grammar rules. The algorithm can be stated concisely in the form of two constraints on a context-free grammar. Inference is performed incrementally, the structure faithfully representing the input at all times. It can be implemented ef"ciently and operates in a time that is approximately linear in sequence length. Despite its simplicity and ef"ciency, SEQUITUR succeeds in inferring a range of interesting hierarchical structures from naturally occurring sequences.


This chapter aims to detect oscillatory failures affecting a flight control surface (FCS) –specifically an aileron– of an aircraft. It presents the principle of supervision and the design of a soft sensor for the oscillatory failure case detection. The chosen principle for diagnosis is based on testing the adequacy of available measures in a control system (CS) servo-loop toward its model. Two kinds of failures must be detected, which are identified as "liquid failure" and "solid failure" as a disturbing signal is superimposed on or replaces the control signal. The chapter tackles the problem of fault detection and isolation (FDI) by the test of standard deviation. This problem is treated by a correlation test between several residuals. The quantitative analysis of residues (rb(t), rs(t) and rl(t)) confirms visual study and shows how the recognition is automatically processed from a numerical point of view.


The nature of both bee-plant interactions and pollination ecology critically depends on flowering phenology and nectar yield. These two factors determine whether the plant has the potential to produce honey by honey bees. Here, we characterized flowering phenology, quantified nectar yield and calculated honey potentiality of Talh (Acacia gerrardii Benth.). Talh is a widespread melliferous species distributed in Africa and the Middle East. Field investigations were performed in Rawdhat-Khoraim oasis, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from April to August for 3 years (2011-2013). Flowering phenology, nectar yield and tree canopy area data were used to predict the honey production potential of Talh trees. The bloom season of Talh trees began around mid-May and ended in mid-August. Flower density varied significantly (p˂0.001) among months, while the general mean (±SE) was 148±14 flower heads (FHs) per m2 per day. The total soluble solids (TSS) secreted were 30.4 mg/ FH/ day. Talh trees may produce potential honey weighing 495 ± 60 g/ tree/ day and 45,032 ± 6,359 g/ tree/ season. In conclusion, Talh trees have a high potential for honey production. Further studies are needed to estimate the actual honey production and to understand other aspects of flowering.


Recently, Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs)
have attracted researchers' attention due to the challenges and
the peculiar characteristics of the underwater environment. The
initial random deployment of UWSN where sensors are scattered
over the area via planes or ships is inefficient, and it doesn't
achieve full coverage nor maintain network connectivity. Moreover,
energy efficiency in underwater networks is a crucial issue
since nodes utilize battery power as a source of energy and it is
difficult and sometimes impossible to change or replenish these
batteries. Our contribution in this research is to improve the
performance of UWSNs by designing UW-DVFA, an underwater
3-D self-distributed deployment algorithm based on virtual forces.
The main target for this work is to stretch the randomly deployed
network in the 3-D area in a way that guarantees full area
coverage and network connectivity.


Under the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is tasked with updating annually a priority list of drugs requiring further study in children.1 The 2015 Priority List comprises 17 therapeutic areas (such as infectious disease or cardiovascular disease) containing 78 specific drugs or items.1 The current prioritization process is primarily based on expertise: NICHD first requests solicitations for candidate drugs from stakeholders, including both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and experts in pediatric medicine, and then NICHD working groups prioritize drug nominations for further study based on criteria including the affected target populations, the level of available evidence, and the feasibility of subsequent studies.1 An empirical population-level perspective is required to balance priorities between common drugs with wide-reaching effects (such as asthma medications) and rarer drugs with smaller target populations or more serious consequences (such as cardiovascular drugs). Between 2004 and 2009, NICHD awarded a series of one-time contracts to gather population-level information about pediatric conditions and drug use and guide prioritization. We propose that the annual selection process should routinely and systematically use populationlevel data to address 5 key considerations: the prevalence of disease, patterns of drug use, adverse drug events (ADEs), drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and drugs with potential for misuse (Box). First, the prevalence of disease has long guided drug prioritization, for example, by the World Health Organization for the study of drugs useful in treating worldwide disease. Systematically examining diseases with high morbidity and mortality, and the availability of drugs to treat them, can identify "pharmaceutical gaps" for research. In 2005, NICHD used the Kids' Inpatient Database to examine the annual frequency of inpatient pediatric conditions. As patterns of morbidity and mortality change, especially among children with medical complexity (CMC), new therapeutic needs are developing. The Kids' Inpatient Database data, updated every 3 years, should be supplemented using broader, more immediate data from multiple settings of care to address care across the health continuum and emerging disease management needs. These additional data sources include the Pediatric Health Information System data from freestanding children's hospitals, improved outpatient sources of all-payer prescription data including Medicaid and private claims databases, and developing networks of clinical information systems. Basic frequency data are enhanced by studies of specific diseases' currently available therapies, clinical outcomes, and costs. The European Priority Medicines Project examined the number of new chemical entities available for major conditions, finding that diseases with the most significant morbidities (including the neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive diseases common among CMC), compared with diseases with less morbidity, had a paucity of available drug therapies. Second, population-level studies of patterns of drug use illuminate current clinical practices and trends that should be used to prioritize drugs, especially drugs lacking pediatric FDA approvals. In 2004, NICHD commissioned studies of inpatient and outpatient drug use, but since then prescription data sources have improved significantly, as have large data and longitudinal analytic methods. In 2011, a national study of more than a half million children in a large sample of general hospitals and children's hospitals in the United States determined the frequency use of all inpatient medications and found that a large proportion of hospitalized children are exposed to significant polypharmacy.2 Population-level studies of drug use in narrower populations can help prioritize drugs within therapeutic areas. While the 2015 Priority List does not contain any specific renal drugs for study, a national study of pediatric patients with acute renal failure found that among the 50 most commonly used renal drugs, only 18% had clear pediatric dosing regimens.3 Alternatively, new trends in drug use, such as emerging off-label uses, can be identified by examining the use of drugs without clear pediatric indications. The Intensive Care Priorities therapeutic area only contains 3 neurological medicines for study, but a national Pediatric Health Information System study demonstrated widespread use of 8 neurological and cardiovascular drugs without FDA approval in children in pediatric intensive care units.4 Third, population-level data about ADEs, including both frequent ADEs and rarer but more severe ADEs, should inform drug research prioritization. While the FDA maintains a voluntary Adverse Event Reporting System to spot potential problematic drugs, these data cannot yield population estimates of actual clinical exposure to risky drugs or occurrence of ADEs. A study using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample estimated the prevalence of pediatric ADEs to be associated with 0.5% Box. Key Population-Level Considerations for Informing Drug Prioritization


The CCPS Process Safety Beacon is a valuable resource for promoting process safety awareness for front line plant workers. The Beacon is available free of charge and can be shared with colleagues. The purpose, intended audience, and suggestions for use are discussed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011


Abstract The trial was performed on 10 clinically healthy Ross hybrid chickens, 5 from each gender, weighing 2.75-2.84 kg. The tested quinolone was applied at the same dose for both routes of application - 10 mg/kg of body weight. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloridum 5% solution for i.v. and 1% solution for intraingluvial treatment were prepared. In a crossover study design, ciprofloxacin hydrochloridum was administered as 5 % solution for i.v. bolus injection to broiler chickens and after 14 days as 1 % solution for intraingluvial administration into a crop to the same birds. Serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were assayed by HPLC with UV detection at a wavelength of 279 nm. After intravenous injection the following pharmacokinetic parameters were determined: t1/2β = 9.07 h; t1/2α= 0.36 h; MRT = 10.20 h and MRT = 10.75 h; AUC0→∞ = 19.560 μg.h/mL and AUC0→∞ = 19.843 μg.h/mL. After intraingluvial application parameters determined by the two pharmacokinetic models were as: t1/2α= 0.86 h; t1/2β = 7,20 h and t1/2β = 7.89 h; MRT = 12.67 h and MRT = 12.93 h; AUC0→∞ = 11.340 μg.h/mL and AUC0→24 h = 11.973 μg.h/mL; Cmax = 2.841 μg/mL and Cmax = 2.638 μg/mL; Tmax = 0.48 h and Tmax = 0.39 h; t1/2abs. = 0.146 h; MAT = 2.47 h and MAT = 2.18 h; F = 57.91% and F = 63.89%. These results suggested that a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight provides maximum plasma concentration ater intraingluvial administration and is effective in the control of many infectious diseases of poultry.


The aim of this study was to determine the quality of broiler chicken meat that sold at different traditional markets in Sukoharjo Regency. This study was conducted in the Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Bangun Nusantara University Sukoharjo. This study was conducted in 2 weeks. The research method uses RAL (Completely Randomized Design) directional pattern. Then data was analyzed using by Anova (Analysiss of variance). The real effect of treatment was continued with the DMRT test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) to find out the differences between treatments. The observational parameters of the study include the pH levels test, water levels test, dissolved protein levels test, cooking loss levels and fat levels test. The results showed that different markets had no real effect (P>0,05) on the pH levels test, water levels test, cooking loss levels and have a real impact (P<0,05) on the dissolved protein levels test and fat levels test. Keywords : Traditional Market; Quality of Meat; Broiler Chicken.


Angeli F., Grandi A. and Grimaldi R. Directions and paths of knowledge flows through labour mobility: a social capital perspective, Regional Studies. This paper investigates how knowledge flows across companies through labour mobility, focusing on differences in regional affiliations, industry affiliations and foreign affiliations. The theoretical framework relies on a social capital perspective, which postulates that firms devote consistent strategic effort to shaping their social capital through labour inflows and outflows. The regression analyses, based on 1331 dyads involving 3895 employee movements across 397 companies in the Bangalore information technology cluster in India, indicate that companies tend to hire locally and from rivals. Moreover, multinational corporations favour labour outflows to cluster firms, which enhance their local social capital and fuel knowledge transfers within clusters.


Objective To observe the effect of blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy by the Atorvastatin in primary hypertensive patients.Methods 120 cases of primary hypertensive patients were randomly selected and divided equally into two groups:the control group and the observation group.In two groups,patients were treated by 5 mg/d Amlodipine treatment for 8 weeks.Additionally,observation group were treated by 20 mg/d Atorvastatin.The blood pressures and the left ventricular mass index((LVMI)was measured before and after treatment in two groups.Results Compared with contrel group,blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and PP decreased significantly(P0.05)in observatron group.Conclusion Atorvastatin can not only decreased the blood pressure,droped the pulse pressure,smoothly reduced and stabilized the blood pressure,but also induced the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in primary hypertensive patients.


The article studys induction heat treatment and its effect of energy conseration and correlation factor,disserts on remarkable effect of energy conseration of induction heat treatment.Some reason that induction heat treatment application can not be proliferation have been presented.The thesis brins forward some measures about enlarging induction heat treatment range of use.It has been proved in reason and feasible.


MCCAUGHEY, W.T.E. (1958) Primary tumours of the pleura. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 86, 517. NEWHOUSE, M.L. & THOMPSON, H. (1965) Mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum following exposure to asbestos dust in the London area. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 22, 261. NIXON, P.F., WOLFENDEN, W.H. & HIRST, E. (1964) Paraplegia and destruction of the ribs. Medical Journal of Australia, 1, 207. OWEN, W.G. (1964) Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos dust in the Merseyside area. British Medical Journal, 2, 214. RATZER, E.R., POOL, J.L. & MELAMED, M.R. (1967) Pleural mesotheliomas. Clinical experience in 37 patients. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine, 99, 863. SELIKOFF, I.J., CHURG, J. & HAMMOND, E.C. (1965) Relation between asbestos expsoure and neoplasia. New England Medical Journal, 272, 560. SEMB, G. (1963) Diffuse pleural mesothelioma. A clinicopathological study of 10 fatal cases. Acta chirurgica scandinavica, 126, 78. SPENCER, H. (1962) Pathology of the Lung, p. 730. Pergamon Press: London. STOUT, A.P. & MURRAY, M.R. (1942) Localized pleural mesothelioma. Investigations of its characteristics and histogenesis by the method of tissue culture. Archives of Pathology, 34, 951. WAGNER, J.C., MUNDAY, D.E. & HARRINGTON, J.S. (1962) Histochemical demonstration of hyaluronic acid in pleural mesotheliomas. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 84, 73. WAGNER, J.C. (1962) Experimental production of mesothelial tumours of the pleura by implantation of dusts in laboratory animals. Nature, 196, 180. WILLIs, R.A. (1938) A metastatic deposit of bronchial carcinoma in a hydrocoel misdiagnosed 'endothelioma', with a review of supposed 'endotheliomas' of serosal membranes. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 47, 253. WILLIs, R.A. (1952) Spread of Tumours in the Human Body. First edition, pp. 55. London. WILLIS, R.A. (1967) Pathology of Tumours. Fourth edition, pp. 181. London. WINSLOW, D.J. & TAYLOR, H.B. (1960) Malignant pleural mesotheliomas. A clinico-pathological analysis of 12 cases. Cancer, 13, 127. WHITWELL, F. & RAWCLIFFE, R.N. (1971) Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure. Thorax, 26, 1.


The theory of storage implies that inventory and demand conditions affect (1) the variances and correlations of commodity spot and forward prices and (2) the spread between spot and forward prices. For four industrial metals and one precious metal over the 1986-92 period, the observed relations between the spread and the variances and correlations of spot and forward prices are consistent with the theory. Since the close connection between spreads and real supply-and-demand conditions is well documented, the results strongly suggest that fundamental factors determine the dynamics of metals prices. Copyright 1994 by University of Chicago Press.


Increased shear stress has been shown to augment endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in cultured endothelial cells, in part by phosphorylation at serine 1179 (S1179). However, there is little evidence that the same response occurs in intact vessels. Therefore, we hypothesized that an acute increase in shear stress in murine carotid arteries, sufficient to induce near maximal dilation, would result in augmented eNOS phosphorylation at S1179. Carotid arteries of C57BL/6 mice were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized to 80 mmHg. Arteries were pre‐constricted with phenylephrine (10−5 M), then placed under conditions of either no shear stress (control) or high luminal shear stress (8‐18 dynes/cm2), sufficient to produce near maximal dilation, for ~1, 10, or 30 min, then rapidly frozen. Additional arteries were treated with no shear stress or high shear stress (4‐20 dynes/cm2) for 15 min without pre‐constriction. Western blotting revealed no difference in levels of phospho‐Ser1179‐eNOS between no shear stress and high shear stress treated arteries. Therefore, our results indicate that acute shear stress‐induced vasodilation in intact carotid arteries involves an alternate mechanism which may be different than those observed in cultured cells.


As much as 70% of the US's small energy efficiency projects will be developed and financed by third parties by the end of this decade. At present, third party financing for industrial and commercial cogeneration projects in the $1-5 million range constitutes a financing vacuum because many financial institutions won't bother with anything under $20 million despite the fact that most cogeneration projects are well below that figure. A new finance lease concept - shared savings lease - is discussed.


The lattice dynamical studies of the metallic glass Ca 7 0 Μg30 by Bhatia and Singh on their model contained two shortcomings, firstly the electron-ion interaction matrix was wrong and secondly, the numerical value of the bulk modulus of the electron gas was accepted arbitrarily. By modifying the electron-ion dynamical matrix and determining all the model parameters from the experimental data, we made a fresh study of the lattice dynamics of Ca70 Mg30 and compared it to the earlier studies of Bhatia and Singh and also with experimental phonons.


In this article, causal factors and corrective actions surrounding improperly inerted vessel incidents are developed and compared based on several case studies of flash fires or explosions involving these process vessels. In industry, vessels that contain or have contained flammable vapors are commonly inerted for many reasons, but one of the most common is explosion prevention. Common inerting gases are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, steam, and air, depending upon the specific application. Incident causes ranged from procedures to design issues, but a general set has been produced for application to the problem of explosion prevention in process vessels. Each case study is compared to safety standards to show how safe work practices could have prevented the accidents. However, rigid adherence to safety standards may not be sufficient to prevent an accident. The application of a safety standard should be tempered by situation‐specific circumstances. Some specific recommendations for preventing explosions include methods for improved mixing of the inert gas, the use of blinds, filling the vessel with water, improved work procedures and improved monitoring procedures. A suggested design strategy for engineering an inerted system is presented.


In 1606, a group of wealthy London businessmen petitioned King James I for a charter to establish a colony in the New World. They formed the Virginia Company and set out to establish a permanent English settlement in the Americas. The British were in competition with the Spanish who had established colonies in central and South America and had stolen vast amounts of treasure and wealth from the native inhabitants. The English were eager to find similar wealth in the northern part of the Americas. They also wanted to establish permanent towns in the New World to stake a claim for the British government.


ABO Blood groups and ABH secretion factors were investigated among 62 Tibetans at Rahla (Kulu), India. The frequencies of the alleles "P," "q" and "r" have been found to be 0.166, 0.187 and 0.647 respectively, which are quite comparable to the results obtained by Prince Peter et al. ('61) and Buchi ('52).

A high frequency of secretors is found among the Tibetans which favours Buchi's ('54) assumption that the true Mongoloids have a rather high secretor incidence. The frequencies for the two alleles "S" and "s" in the Tibetans have been recorded as 0.664 and 0.336 respectively.


OBJECTIVE To invest igate the outcomes in children with secretory otitis media who received tympanostomy tubes bilaterally in different positions. METHODS Forty cases of children with bilateral secretory otitis media were selected in our study. One ear of each patient was selected randomly to receive tympanotomy tube in the anteroinferior quadrant of tympanic membrane, while the other side received the tube in posteroinferior quadrant. Follow-ups were ordered in 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The tympanic membrane was inspected by otoscopic examination to ensure whether there is expel of the tube during all the follow-ups, while hearing was evaluated with pure tone audiometry only in 1 week after surgery. The different outcomes between the two positions of tympanostomy tube were statistically analyzed. RESULTS One week after the surgery,the average hearing thresholds in group of patients who received tympanostomy tube in posterioinferior quadrant were significantly lower than the other group with tympanostomy tube in anteroinferior quadrant.CONCLUSION Tympanostomy tube in posterioinferior quadrant could improve hearing better, and the operation is more convenient and stable.


Background. Acute air pollution effects on lung function are well established and evidence is also strong for long-term effects on lung function growth in children. The chronic impact of ambient ai...


Thanks to recent developments in explainable Deep Learning models, researchers have shown that these models can be incredibly successful and provide encouraging results. However, a lack of model interpretability can hinder the efficient implementation of Deep Learning models in real-world applications. This has encouraged researchers to develop and design a large number of algorithms to support transparency. Although studies have raised awareness of the importance of explainable artificial intelligence, the question of how to solve the needs of real users to understand artificial intelligence remains unanswered. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of the research field at Human-Centered Machine Learning and new methods for user-centric explanations for deep learning models. Furthermore, we outline future directions for interpretable machine learning and discuss the challenges facing this research field, as well as the importance and motivation behind developing user-centric explanations for Deep Learning models.


This communication records the results of blood investigations in infantile sepsis. This condition includes numerous septic manifestations, such as skin lesions (abscesses; boils; pustules), otorrhoea, gastroenteritis, pyuria, etc., occurring soon after birth and up to end of first year.


In Brazil there are many designations for learning cycles, such as: schooling cycles, regime of continued progression, initial literacy program and primary school cycle (Mainardes, 2009). These learning cycles are seen as an inclusive proposal that takes into consideration the students' level and avoids dropping out of school of children and youth who are not at grade level. The present article is based on relevant theoretical background since it emphasizes the importance of communication between social groups. According to Moscovici it also enables a better accommodation to the reality it aims at understanding. The main objective of this article was to identify and compare social representations on 'learning cycles' of 168 teachers from municipal schools in the cities of Niteroi and Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of these social representations indicated that teachers from both cities not only expressed negative representations but also opposing opinions regarding learning division in cycles.


AbstractAn illustrated review of the development of industrial microwave processing in the United States is given. Specific cases are analyzed, in particular potato-chip final drying and softwood veneer redrying.


This article attempts to explore and reveal ways in which practical movement work for actors conceals and reveals cultural histories and political significance. In doing so, it makes use of personal reflection as well as a critique of existing writing and practices. The article aims to set movement training in a wider context, a context that reveals the political significance of the personal and somatic experience of training and of the professional practice of training others. It relates the personal experience of teaching and learning movement to its political significance in order to suggest that this is where an important challenge in movement training for actors lies. Reflecting on his personal experience of teaching and learning through a number of movement exercises, the author considers what assumptions about embodied culture and the teaching of movement might be embedded in these exercises and the manner in which they operate in the training of performers. In reflecting on the kinds of interventions that might be possible in movement training in order to address these issues, the article seeks to begin a conversation about how the theoretical issues raised might affect practice.


Voice communication is one of the Digital Trunking System main functions in Metro dispatch field,and voice quality plays a key roll in the service benchmark system.In voice service,one of the most important factors is the smooth switchover which provides the system with good roaming service.In Metro RF system where leakage coaxial cable is always implemented,the cable connected type in tunnel center is the key to smooth switchover or roaming,good design will lead to good coverage and convenient roaming,which system engineers pay great attention to.


This article discusses the concepts of modernity and insurgency in order to develop the question of the causal relationship between a degree of modernity and the possibility of the emergence of the insurgency among the Colombian population. In his regard is to highlight how the construction of modernity emerges as a stage to shield the possibility of social marginalization , and this proposal is projected in a research framework to correlate with specific variables to conduct the empirical correlations established field of a hypothetical deductive mode. Thus a process of radical modernity and modernization is seen as the way to build peace in Colombia , to the extent that it contributes to justice , equity and forgiveness. A modernity from the construction of the subject , from the material conditions and especially since the construction of the national political debate , not in sight without structural changes in institutions .


The effect of graphite content and sintering mode on the tribological and electrical properties of copper has been studied by incorporating varying proportions of graphite flakes (0, 8, 15, 25 and 32 vol%) following powder metallurgy route. The sintering of green compacts was accomplished by microwave and conventional processes at 900 °C with a heating rate of 5 °C min−1 and 20 °C min−1, respectively, and holding time being 60 min for both processes. As expected the densification was observed higher in microwave heating than conventional process. Microstructural examination of microwave samples revealed a fine-grained microstructure. Pin-on-Disc wear test exposed excellent self-lubricating nature of these composites. Best coefficient of friction values were observed for microwave sintered composites. Microwave sintered samples exhibited better hardness, coefficient of friction (COF) and electrical conductivity as compared to their conventionally sintered counter parts. Morphologies of polished surfaces were analyzed to predict the wear mechanisms involved.


The compound trans-CrCl(NH 3 ) (tn) 2 2+ (where tn=1,3-diaminopropane) has been synthesized, characterized and the structure determined by X-ray single-crystal methods. The crystal is monoclinic, P2 1 /n.


We study the asymptotic behavior of second-order algorithms mixing Newton's method and inertial gradient descent in non-convex landscapes. We show that, despite the Newtonian behavior of these methods, they almost always escape strict saddle points. We also evidence the role played by the hyper-parameters of these methods in their qualitative behavior near critical points. The theoretical results are supported by numerical illustrations.


Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation(FNS) treating the disorders of consciousness by brain damage,and explore the possible mechanism.Methods:9 patients with the disorders of consciousness by brain damage of different pathogeneses were studied.They were treated with FNS on the basis of routine medical treatment.And Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),electroencephalogram(EEG) and the clinical effects were observed.Results:After FNS treatment,the level of conciousness was improved.GCS were increased 5.22±1.44,which showed significant difference compared to that before treatment ( P 0.001).Moreover, EEG was also improved.Conclusion:The results demonstrate that FNS can improve the disorders of consciousness by brain damage,which may be related to its clinical efficacy in neuroprotection and awakening.


The present invention relates to a multilayer structure, which is a multilayer structure comprising a resin layer is less than 8, characterized in that the resin layer A and layer B having a layer A resin composition containing a gas barrier resin composed of a layer B composed of a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin, a layer and B layer adjacent to the resin composition contains at least one metal, metal salt content of the metal element in terms of 1ppm or more and less 10,000ppm, a layer and B layer interlayer adhesion is 450g / 15mm or more. A layer and B layer alternately laminated. Preferably the layer A and / or B layer average thickness of less than 0.01μm layer and 10μm or less.


Proposed by Dr Mark Walport (Wellcome Trust) this Seminar examined the discovery, use and impact of platinum salts as chemotherapy agents for cancer. Organized with the assistance of Professor Paul Andrews (St George's Hospital Medical School) and Dr Tony Woods (Wellcome Trust) and chaired by Professor Sir Kenneth Calman (Durham) the Seminar discussed the serendipitous emergence of platinum salts as widely used anticancer agents from a chance observation in a microbiology laboratory; through their use especially for the treatment of previously untreatable solid tumours such as those of the testes and ovary; and their significance in the development of antiemetic agents for chemotherapy patients. Participants included chemists, oncologists, and academic and industrial pharmacologists who devised, in particular, the 5HT3 receptor antagonists: Professor Kenneth Bagshawe, Dr Penelope Brock, Professor Hilary Calvert, Professor David Gra hame-Smith, Professor Richard Gralla, Professor Kenneth Harrap, Dr James Hoeschele, Professor Ian Judson, Mr Wesley Miner, Professor Robert Naylor, Mrs Brenda Reynolds, Dr John Rudd, Dr Gareth Sanger, Dr David Tattersall, Professor Andrew Thomson, Professor Robert Williams and Dr Eve Wiltshaw.


The designer of static power converters must model the losses of converter switches to optimize the performance of system. This paper proposes functional simulation model for the analysis of conduction and switching losses in three-phase optimized harmonic stepped-waveform (OHSW) multilevel voltage-source inverter (VSI) using the switching function concept. Also, this concept is implemented with the help of Matlab Simulink. This proposed method, which is based on the semiconductor characteristics modeling. It is shown that the suggested method include accurate, simplicity, convergence, and short run-time of the simulation


Six glacial cover maps of Cordillera Blanca in Peru were prepared using the band ratio (TM4/TM5) of Landsat 5 TM, ETM+4/ ETM+5 of Landsat 7 ETM+ and OLI5/OLI 61 of Landsat 8 images. This cover varied between 618±60 km2 in 1987 and 449±56 km2 in 2016. In spite of differences in mapping methodologies, our glacial cover estimates are comparable with those of other studies, given an uncertainty margin of around ± 10 %. Since 1930, when the glaciers covered ca. 830 km2, the Cordillera Blanca has lost 46 % of its cover in 86 years. A nonlinear-, second-degree polynomial has been fitted to the glacier cover evolution overtime, showing that the negative rate of change has increased between the 80's (5 km2 y-1) and 2016 (23 km2 y-1). Considering altitude, the decrease in cover is particularly notable between 4500-5000 m and 5000-5500 m, and changes in the latter altitude are becoming more dominant over time (over 60 %). To explain the minor fluctuations in glacier cover around the global trend, the yearly rate of cover change was regressed against the mean Oceanic Nino Index for six periods between 1987 and 2016. The inverse relationship shows a certain amount of dispersion, that has yet to be explained, but is nonetheless significant. Keywords : remote sensing; Landsat; Snow index; band ratio; Andes; climate change; glaciology; El Nino/La Nina.


PSR B1937+ 21 was the (cid:12)rst m illisecond pulsar ever m easured. W hich has been appeared asa singularpulsar.Thehigh-precision observation ofthispulsar showssystem ic long-term variation in theresidualoftim eofarrivals.Thispaper m odelled the secular variation by the orbitalprecession induced tim e delay ofa binary pulsarsystem .The(cid:12)ttingrequiresthatasabinary pulsar,PSR B1937+ 21 should havesm allcom panion star, m 2 (cid:24) 10 (cid:0) 2 M (cid:12) ,and projected sem i-m ajoraxis, x (cid:24) 10 (cid:0) 4 sto 10 (cid:0) 3 s.W hich correspondsto ignorable radialvelocity ofthe pulsar to the line ofsight. This m ight explain why it has been m easured as a singular pulsarinstead ofa binary pulsar.


162 Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important cancer care outcome. Patient-physician communication is linked to HRQOL, yet less is known about the role of other aspects of the patient-physician relationship in explaining HRQOL outcomes in cancer patients. Using secondary data from the Accountability for Cancer Care through Undoing Racism and Equity study, we examined associations between multiple patient-physician relationship factors and HRQOL in breast and lung cancer patients. Methods: The analysis included 283 patients receiving care at two cancer centers from 2013-2017. Survey data on socio-demographics, HRQOL, and patient-physician relationship (i.e., doctors' respectfulness, time spent with doctors, doctors' involvement of patient in decision-making, satisfaction with quality of care) were collected at baseline and during treatment. The primary outcome was a binary measure of poor-fair (vs. good-excellent) HRQOL 90 days post-diagnosis. We employed multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between patient-physician relationship factors and HRQOL. Results: In adjusted analyses, patients reporting high levels of physician respect had 78% lower odds of reporting poor-fair HRQOL than patients reporting low levels of respect (Adjusted Odds Ratio[AOR] = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.08-0.59). Patients who were optimally involved in their care had lower odds of poor-fair HRQOL than those less involved (AOR = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.12-0.77). Finally, patients who very satisfied with the quality of their care had a 40% lower odds of poor-fair HRQOL than those less satisfied with care (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.13-0.99). There was no association between amount of time spent with doctor and HRQOL. Conclusions: Multiple aspects of the patient-physician relationship, including doctor's respectfulness, doctors' involvement of patient in decision-making, and patient satisfaction with quality of care are associated with HRQOL among breast and lung cancer patients. Given the important role that HRQOL plays in treatment adherence and outcomes, these findings highlight the need for systems of care that optimize the physician-patient relationship in cancer care.


Filled with solid research, clinical examples, and interviews, Is Long-Term Psychotherapy Unethical? makes a persuasive case for the cost-saving, practical, and goal-oriented use of short-term therapy. It challenges the profession to provide behavioral health care that is widely accessible, responsible, and ethical.