Scenarios are imagined futures that can demonstrate how current actions may lead to dramatically different outcomes. As such they are useful tools to help guide strategy and shape the future. This report lays out scenarios for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) with two time horizons: short term (2025) and long term (2050). The former is a kind of business-as-usual scenario that projects current trends in the region and is based on the conclusions drawn from research conducted over three years (April 2016–March 2019). These conclusions point towards greater conflict and contentious state-society dynamics, regional fragmentation and shifting centres of gravity, the region's embeddedness in global rivalries and disruptive socio-economic and environmental international trends. The report also points at several alternative paths in particular areas or countries where these trends could be reversed, or where specific sectors or countries could take divergent paths and how. Then the report sketches long-term scenarios for 2050 by identifying some megatrends that will inevitably shape the region's future and the way in which the region will relate to the rest of the world. The report explains why each of the selected issues is particularly relevant and imagines a series of opportunities as well as risks for the region. SCENARIOS: WHAT FOR? Scenarios are imagined futures, but they are neither forecasts nor prognoses. Scenarios can help to guide strategy and shape the future as they sharpen our ability to think about alternatives and open up thinking "outside the box". Scenarios can describe a societal system, its structures, basic drivers, powers, relations and other aspects. This is highly relevant because present imaginations and expectations will determine today's decisions and recommendations, which then will influence future developments and choices between different paths and alternative futures. Contrasting scenarios are meant to be eye-openers: they describe and visualize future developments, conditions and societal environments that a specific group is (or may in time be) prepared to consider. The ways in which scenarios are articulated and described can lead to a flexible and imaginative response to the range of future possibilities. They can help to prepare for unexpected but nevertheless major impacts on future developments. The trigger points that a future timeline identifies − circumstances that lead to disruptions and radical change − are highlighted so as to 1 Edgar Göll is Head of Research of the cluster Future Studies and Participation at the Institute for Future Studies and Technology Assessment (IZT), Berlin, and teacher at the Free University of Berlin. Silvia Colombo is Senior Fellow at the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI). Eduard Soler i Lecha is Senior Researcher at the Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB) and Scientific Coordinator of the MENARA project. Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture: Mapping Geopolitical Shifts, Regional Order and Domestic Transformations 4 FINAL REPORTS No. 2, March 2019 become alarm signals that will give early warning of relevant events that are just over the horizon. In sum, scenarios are imagined futures that can demonstrate how current actions may lead to dramatically different outcomes; they can therefore help manage or shape the future. This report lays out scenarios for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) with two time horizons: short term (2025) and long term (2050). This approach is meant to increase the robustness of the views of the future that is under construction and highlight the processes of change in selected issue areas in the region. This report proposes a baseline scenario for 2025, a kind of business-as-usual scenario that projects current trends in the region and is based on the conclusions drawn from research conducted over three years (April 2016–March 2019). These conclusions point towards greater conflict and contentious state–society dynamics, regional fragmentation and shifting centres of gravity; the region's embeddedness in global rivalries; and disruptive socio-economic and environmental international trends. The report focuses on seven issue areas: environmental degradation, energy transition, inequalities, fragmented societies, authoritarianism, conflicts and foreign meddling. It imagines how the region could look if none of the current trends can be reversed. Those who assume this is the most likely trend would be advised to start designing mitigation and risk-contention strategies. To a large extent, this resonates with the idea of fostering resilience that was put forward by the 2016 European Global Strategy. However, this report assumes that this is not the only possible future and certainly one that is far from being desirable for the societies of the region or for the European Union. This is why the report points at several alternative paths in particular areas or countries where these trends could be reversed, or where specific sectors or countries could take divergent paths – and how and by whom that could be made to happen ("Focus Scenarios"). This exercise, formulated with the phrase "what if...", points out the fact that there are contingencies, and that there is room both for transformative actions and forwardlooking, evidence-based policies. The report also sketches long-term scenarios for 2050. It is futile to imagine who will be in power in a particular country at that date or whether the economic indicators will have improved or not. And yet it is still possible to identify a series of megatrends that will inevitably shape the region's future and the way in which the region will relate to the rest of the world. Some of them are relatively certain, such as demographic changes, whereas others are much more dependent on politics and power struggles. Megatrends are developments with a high impact that are unlikely to be reversed and last at least a generation. To a certain extent this concept resembles Fernand Braudel's longue durée (long term), which includes not only socio-economic cycles and structural crises, but also "old attitudes of thought and action, resistant frameworks dying hard, at times against all logic". In that vein, the report identifies ten issues that are very likely to shape the region by 2050: climate change, digitalization, religiosity, urbanization, decarbonisation, the role of the state, the effects of today's conflicts, China's consolidation as a global power, the intense connections between the MENA region and Europe, and the growing role of Africa. The purpose of this exercise is to anticipate the issues that will unavoidably shape not only the region but also policies towards it between now and 2050. This time horizon is almost two generations away, so room is left for alternative thoughts beyond the usual narratives. The report explains why each of the selected issues is particularly relevant and imagines a series of opportunities as well as risks for the region. While we can foresee why these issues will take up much energy and many resources in the next three decades, it would be misleading to conclude that there is only one way in which Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture: Mapping Geopolitical Shifts, Regional Order and Domestic Transformations 5 FINAL REPORTS No. 2, March 2019 these megatrends could develop. This fact should induce decision-makers and stakeholders to embrace the idea that change is possible, and that actions taken from now on could steer the region towards one or another future.


In this paper, we propose a design framework for achieving efficient multimedia multicast services in cognitive radio (CR) networks. The framework incorporates the characteristics of both heterogeneous network environment and the scalable video content. By adopting cooperative transmissions for the delivery of enhancement layer data, we can not only improve the achieved video quality but also protect the rights of subscribed secondary users. We also utilize network coding and superposition coding to achieve efficient multicast transmissions of the layered video packets in multi-channel CR networks. Numerical examples show the proposed framework can improve the average received data rate by up to 15%. When achieving the same video quality, the proposed framework can save 30% transmission time comparing with the scenario using direct transmission alone.


Objective To analyze continuous treatment for open craniocerebral injury in primary hospitals.Methods Of 78 patients with open craniocerebral injury,45 underwent craniotomy.The open wound was changed to closed injury.The scalp wounds were debrided and sutured.33 patients received no treatment for open cerebral trauma.All the patients were adminstered with antibiotics for more than one week.Results 6 patients with a GCS score below 5 were dead; 66 were cured; and 8 were not cured and left from hospital automatically.Of 7 patients undergoing decompressive craniotomy with large bone flap removal,5 received repair of skull bone and recovered well.Conclusions Patients with open craniocerebral injury need timely debridement surgery,and open craniocerebral injury should be changed to closed injury.For the patients with mild open injury and unsuitable for surgical treatment because of various causes,we should perform single debridement and give regular postoperative antibiotic therapy for more than one week.

Key words:
Open craniocerebral injury;  Surgical debridement;  Continuous treatment;  Treatment experience


: This paper is committed to design and implement FPGA clock network with overall considerations of speed and power in circuit design perspective. Mixed structure MUX, programmable delay adjustment unit and power-down bit strategies are presented to optimize its latency, skew and power. This clock network is implemented with 65nm process and applied to own-designed FPGA. Test results indicate 21.7% reduction in latency and 54.5% reduction in skew, compared to counterpart FPGA device, while maintaining lower power consumption.


The increasing crime rates of violent motorcycle theft, especially by teenagers, is no longer a juvenile delinquency, but a juvenile crime. This paper will evaluates cases of violent motorcycle theft by teenager and identifies the cause by juvenile delinquency theories. By comparing the cases using 10 causes of juvenile delinquency shifting into juvenile crime by United Nation. As the result, I found that adolescent's transition without self-acceptance; behavior reinforcement and social support system let them into sadistic criminal. Thus, the development system should be corrected to focus on adolescent's psychological welfare.


Let $X$ be a Banach space compatible with its antidual $\overline{X^*}$, where $\overline{X^*}$ stands for the vector space $X^*$ where the multiplication by a scalar is replaced by the multiplication $\lambda \odot x^* = \overline{\lambda} x^*$. Let $H$ be a Hilbert space intermediate between $X$ and $\overline{X^*}$ with a scalar product compatible with the duality $(X,X^*)$, and such that $X \cap \overline{X^*}$ is dense in $H$. Let $F$ denote the closure of $X \cap \overline{X^*}$ in $\overline{X^*}$ and suppose $X \cap \overline{X^*}$ is dense in $X$. Let $K$ denote the natural map which sends $H$ into the dual of $X \cap F$ and for every Banach space $A$ which contains $X \cap F$ densely let $A'$ be the realization of the dual space of $A$ inside the dual of $X \cap F$. We show that if $\vert \langle K^{-1}a, K^{-1}b \rangle_H \vert \leq \parallel a \parallel_{X'} \parallel b \parallel_{F'}$ whenever $a$ and $b$ are both in $X' \cap F'$ then $(X, \overline{X^*})_{\frac12} = H$ with equality of norms. In particular this equality holds true if $X$ embeds in $H$ or $H$ embeds densely in $X$. As other particular cases we mention spaces $X$ with a $1$-unconditional basis and Kothe function spaces on $\Omega$ intermediate between $L^1(\Omega)$ and $L^\infty(\Omega)$.


CORBA is playing an increasingly important role during the process of developing large-scale distributed software system with its unique advantage.But CORBA is comparatively speaking more abstract,non-easy to understand and master.Because such this text is proceeding from need of CORBA,have introduced the basic conception of CORBA and probed into the framework that CORBA realize and application function and realized technology especially.


Social networking sites are platforms that facilitate large-scale information sharing activities in recent years. Many organizations analyze social networking traffic to gain market insights in order to observe the latest market trends. These analyses also allow organizations to identify key promoters who have strong influences on these social networking platforms to promote their products or services. It is hypothesized that social trust plays an important role in influential propagation, and it is able to increase the rate of success in influencing other social nodes in a social network. This research performs large-scale experimental simulation to study the influential outcome with and without the presence of social trust in the social nodes. strength and the acceptance results obtained from this research. These applications include distance weighted trust and trust value down the lane.


Medical urgency is defined as the unforeseen occurrence of a health problem with or without a potential risk of death. Medical emergency is the condition that implies an imminent risk of death or intense suffering. In both cases, need for medical care is immediate [1]. Efficient care in the above situations in the emergency room is of paramount importance for life and death situations. Nevertheless, problems in these establishments generate disorders in various spheres of human well-being. Incidence of errors in situations requiring fast thinking is highly dependent on the experience of the emergency physician [2], but the analysis of this professional in this type of situation lacks the history of the patient and information that may be essential for the correct diagnosis [3]. Emergency situations, due to their very nature, have been presented with a wide range of errors and have been linked to a large contingent of cases due to medical error, both in the civil and criminal spheres [4]. It is allied to the fact that the search for these places of care is not always done by individuals in a condition of emergency and in fact urgent, with a large contingent of situations in these places that could be solved in an outpatient way.


In this essay, building upon Audrey Thompson's analysis in "Philosophers as Unreliable Narrators," I am interested in exploring how reliable narration lends itself to the performance of "whiteliness" through the creation and policing of racialized borders that dictate what can be said and by whom. That is, I wish to ask: how might reliable narration function within some philosophy of education discourse as part of a project of white identity formation? Furthermore, what might be the investments in and effects of structuring philosophy of education scholarship in such a way as to eliminate or assimilate the unpredictable, the "unruly," the unknowable, in an attempt to claim civility and rationality for oneself? How might philosophy of education be narrated in a way that more adequately avoids the reproduction of racist discourses?


The dissertation deals with the collection of Italian illuminated cuttings preserved at the Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin.
The chapters 1-7 shed light on the genesis of the collection, starting from the foundation of the museum in 1831 until the publication of the catalogue by Paul Wescher in 1931. The most relevant acquisitions and the role of some curators and collectors are analised in relationship with the phenomenon of miniatures collecting in Europe between XVIII and XX centuries.
The second part is a catalogue of the Italian cuttings preserved at the Cabinet: each of the 94 entry offers some considerations about the liturgy and the style of the work of art.


"Improving soil conservation and resource use in organic cropping systems for vegetable production through introduction and management of Agro-ecological Service Crops" (SoilVeg) is an innovative European research project, led by the Italian Agricultural Research Council (CRA) and funded, at European level, by Core Organic Plus.
It has kicked off last March 2015, in Matera, the Italian city recently awarded European Capital of Culture: for 3 years, 9 European countries and 14 partner Institutions will be working together with the aim to study the better management of Agro-ecological Service Crops.


We study summation of sequences and integration in the quantum model of computation. We develop quantum algorithms for computing the mean of sequences that satisfy a p-summability condition and for integration of functions from Lebesgue spaces Lp(0, 1]d), and analyze their convergence rates. We also prove lower bounds showing that the proposed algorithms are, in many cases, optimal within the setting of quantum computing. This extends recent results of G. Brassard et al. (2000, "Quantum Amplitude Amplification and Estimation," Technical Report, http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0005055) on computing the mean for bounded sequences and complements results of E. Novak (2001, J. Complexity17, 2?16) on integration of functions from Holder classes. The analysis requires an appropriate model of quantum computation, capable of covering the typical features of numerical problems such as dealing with real numbers and real-valued functions and with vector and function spaces. We develop and study such a model, which can be viewed as a quantum setting for information-based complexity theory.


Objective To investigate the clinical and application values of loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP) on diagnosis and treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods 82 cases with CIN identified by cytology and pathological biopsy under colposcopy treated by LEEP from April 2004 to April 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The postoperative diagnosis of 46 cases(56.09%) were in accordance with the preoperative one.The postoperative diagnosis were downgraded in 30 cases(36.59%) and upgraded in 6 cases (7.32%),80 cases (excluding 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma who accepted radical hysterectomy) were showed no abnormalities in Pap smear postoperative three months,While 2 cases among them demonstrated readable resection margin and treated by LEEP again after one month.Conclusion LEEP is a safe and effective procedure in treating CIN.Satisfactory results can be achieved by mastering surgical indication and standard procedure,excising cervical canal sufficiently and paying attention to postoperative pathology.Its widespread use in diagnosis and curing of CIN can block development of precancerosis to infiltrating carcinoma effectively.


Background: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) BRCA testing may expand access to genetic testing and enhance cancer prevention efforts. It is not known, however, if current DTC websites provide adequate risk information for informed medical decision making. Methods: A total of 284 women with a personal or family history of breast/ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to view a "mock" DTC commercial website [control condition (CC); n = 93] or the same "mock" website that included information on the potential risks of obtaining genetic testing online. Risk information was framed two ways: risk information attributed to expert sources (ES; n = 98) and unattributed risk information (URI; n = 93). Participants completed an online survey. End points were intentions to get BRCA testing, testing site preference, and beliefs about DTC BRCA testing. Results: The sample was 82% white, had a mean age of 39 years (range, 18-70 years) and had a mean education of 3 years of college. Women exposed to risk information had lower intentions to get BRCA testing than women in the CC [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.48; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.26-0.87; P = 0.016], and less positive beliefs about online BRCA testing (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86; P = 0.014). Women in the ES condition were more likely to prefer clinic-based testing than were women in the CC (adjusted OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.07-3.90; P = 0.030). Conclusion: Exposing women to information on the potential risks of online BRCA testing altered their intentions, beliefs, and preferences for BRCA testing. Policy makers may want to consider the content and framing of risk information on DTC websites as they formulate regulation for this rapidly growing industry. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(4):1303–11)


A set of global numerical simulations based on a simple, laminar, axisymmetric and pseudo steady model of a small silicon CZ furnace was conducted to reveal the influences of the thermophysical properties of the melt and crystal on the non-dimensional crystal pulling rate, i.e., the Peclet number Pe, and the deflection of the melt/crystal interface Δz, for the sensitivity analyses of the properties. The properties investigated here are the temperature coefficient of surface tension, viscosity, thermal conductivity, the thermal expansion coefficient and emissivity of the melt, and the thermal conductivity and emissivity of the crystal. The results demonstrated that, concerning the thermophysical properties of the melt, emissivity is relatively sensitive to Pe and Δz. Concerning the crystal properties, thermal conductivity is more sensitive to Pe, while emissivity is more sensitive to Δz.


P R I C E and W A L K E R 1 and also F L E I S H E R et al. 2' 3 discussed the origin and nature of fossil fission tracks in natural mica samples and attributed them to the spontaneous fission of Uranium-238. The distribution of these spontaneous fission trades in these samples could be studied by selective etching and counting in an optical microscope and these data were successfully used for the determination of their solidification ages. The fission track ages, determined by F L E I S C H E R et al. 2 for several varieties of mica samples agreed reasonably well with the K —Ar ages and Pb — P ages of these samples in some cases but disagreed considerably in other sets of samples. This stiuation appeared interesting and it is thought worthwhile to have an independent check on the correlation of ages determined by fission track counting method and by other radioactive decay methods.


ABSTRACT This article reflects on the role of physical settings in the inculcation of militant practices consonant with specific discourses. To do so, it draws on firsthand empirical information derived from a multi-sited ethnographic case study of an international cooperative that formed in Europe in the aftermath of the Euro crisis and deployed decentralised cryptocurrencies and alternative digital banking. Here, space is viewed as a relevant material resource that can be occupied and organised to enable the telling of a particular story of revolution, redistribution, and horizontality, while simultaneously helping to actualise that story. The materiality of space is thus related to its expressivity and seen as contributing to both an experience of militancy and the recurrence of the underlying political tale. This approach stresses reminiscence rather than becoming; the existential dimensions of interaction and affection rather than the ontological one of ever-evolving sociotechnical assemblages. On such grounds, the article proposes the concept of stoppage to account for the repetition of specific spatial dispositions that configure extra-institutional immersive environments.


The stochastic model that describes radiative heat transfer in dielectric medium is built. The model is based on the representation that heat transfer is realized both by heat conductivity mechanism in it and due to the electromagnetic radiation that is generated by thermal fluctuations of atoms in the medium. Using the fluctuation-dissipative theorem, on the basis of such physical suppositions, the stochastic model is formulated in the form of the infinite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process that describes medium fluctuations. In the model frameworks, the energy flux density of fluctuating electromagnetic field is calculated in the form of the functional of temperature distribution in three-dimensional medium sample.


We validate and assess the applicability of an Eyring constitutive model. The Bingham plastic model has a zero shear rate discontinuity, which leads to inaccuracies in modeling and simulation, and is characterized by two rheological constants for a constant field: yield stress and postyield viscosity. The Eyring model has a smooth transition through the zero shear rate condition, and also has two rheological constants for a constant field. An electrorheological (ER) damper having a damping level comparable to a shock absorber for a small-sized passenger car damper is manufactured, and its performance is predicted using the Eyring model. To accurately identify the rheological parameters of the Eyring model, a parameter identification method was used. The damping force versus piston displacement and velocity behaviors of the ER damper are experimentally measured with respect to applied electric field and excitation frequency. To validate the Eyring model, the experimental results are compared with predictions in the damping force versus piston displacement and velocity behaviors.


This investigation shows a solution to improve the problem of premature wear in the screw ball elements of CNC turning lathe. Screw ball element is an essential component for the movement of a lathe operated by computerized numerical control (CNC). Four ball tribotester T-02 was used to find the best anti wear properties on lubricants with Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) then, through the use of laser surface texturing (LST) micro cavities with 15 μm of depth were added to the surface of the screw and with the addition of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) in the base lubricant; tribological performance was upgraded. Important achievements were reached: 38 % of increment in wear resistance and reduction in surface finished roughness (Ra) up to 11 % in the CNC machine element (screw ball). © 2020 Published by Faculty of Engineering * Corresponding author: Demófilo Maldonado Cortés E-mail: email@example.com Received: 29 November 2019 Revised: 4 January 2020 Accepted: 12 February 2020


This article explores mechanisms to enhance the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources (RES), with a particular emphasis on photovoltaic installations. One such strategy involves implementing a customized electricity rate system for individual consumers. This paper discusses the potential economic and environmental benefits of transitioning from a flat-rate tariff to a time-of-day tariff. This modification can lead to increased energy consumption during off-peak hours, aligning with occasional periods of photovoltaic installations' overproduction, which might require their temporary shutdowns. The energy that could be produced by RES is supplied by conventional power plants (mostly coal-fueled). Not only does this have negative effects on the environment, but it also increases energy costs. In order to make an informed decision regarding the change of tariff, the consumer must be aware of its potential benefits and drawbacks. The article introduces an IoT-based, cost-effective system with cloud data storage for monitoring residential electricity consumption, offering various features, including an assessment of the financial viability of switching tariffs. This system has been operational for more than six months in real installation, encouraging homeowners to transition from a flat rate tariff to time-of-day tariff and optimize their use of electrical appliances. The article presents the potential benefits of this action, encompassing both financial aspects for users of the installation and environmental protection issues.


In this paper I discussed the origin and grammaticalization of periphrastic DO in English negative sentences. I argued that DO X, which was first inrtoduced by the influence of French faire x in the South-Western dialet in the late 13th century, was the origin of periphrastic DO. The grammaticalization of Modem English periphrastic DO is closely related to the loss of Verb Movement in Early Modem English. In Old and Middle English, the main verb raised to INFL or C, but English lost its overt V-raising ability in Early Modem English. The scope of Verb Movement is determined by morphological properties of INFL. Weak INFL cannot attract a heavy element such as a main verb, though it can attract a light element such as an auxiliary, while strong INFL attracts any element. INFL is argued to be strong only if there are plural markings overt and different from singular ones. The loss of V-raising resulted from the changes of morphological features. INFL in OE is rich enough morphologically to attract a heavy element such as main verb. Strong features of OE INFL remained unchanged in Middle English. In ME the system of verb morphology was affected by the same changes that affected noun morphology. However, the distinction between singular and plural was retained in ME, although there was a good deal of leveling in the verb paradigms. Therefore, the inflectional system in ME was still rich enough morphologically to attract a "heavy" element. Early in the 16th century, the plural marking disappeared in English verb morphology and INFL became weak. Consequently, V-raising disappeared gradually in the Early Modem period. We have argued that the development of DO as an auxiliary is closely related to the loss of V-raising, After the loss of V-raising, optional DO developed as the Modem English auxiliary DO for negative sentences. In case there is no auxiliary verb, DO is inserted under Tense to support the clitic NOT.


Abstract Phospholipids (PLs) are a class of compounds essential for living organisms, including human beings. This paper presents a brief review concerning the extraction as well as thin-layer chromatographic separation and determination of phospholipids. After a short introduction regarding phospholipids and their specific characteristics, the extraction techniques will be discussed. Then, phospholipid separation and system detection for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) will be presented. The focus will be on phospholipids that are most abundant in biological systems; that is why chosen examples of PLs determination in biological samples will be revealed as well as general PL determination schemes. In the Summary section, there will also be a short discussion about advantages and disadvantages of PL determination with the use of TLC.


Resolving the issues of port-city relationship, interface renovation, development and environment are the major challenges faced by port cities. This paper analyses the international study subjects of port cities, draws common features and trendes, in order to set up general framework of soluting problems.


Full implementation by 2019 of Indonesia' Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JNK), will provide the country's 250 million people with financial coverage for comprehensive medical care. The objective of this study is to determine how the first 2.5 years since introduction has affected the quality of hospital health care and project how it will continue to do so as it is fully implemented in the coming years. The hospital accreditation process impact evaluation (HAPIE) is a 4 years study that examined the quality of services in nine …


This document complements the specification of the Discovery Proxy for
Multicast DNS-Based Service Discovery. It describes a lightweight
relay mechanism, a Discovery Relay, which, when present on a link,
allows remote clients, not attached to that link, to perform mDNS
discovery operations on that link.


Substance use by welfare recipients is frequently mentioned as a barrier to well‐being and social performance. This article uses nationally representative cross‐sectional data and Michigan‐specific panel data to summarize trends in substance use among AFDC/TANF recipients. It also examines the prevalence of substance dependence within the welfare population. Although almost 20 percent of welfare recipients report recent use of some illicit drug during the year, few satisfy criteria for drug or alcohol dependence as indicated by the short‐form Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The article concludes by considering policy responses to substance use disorders following welfare reform.


The international debt crisis continues, and in the resulting risk-averse environment emerging market currencies, such as the SA rand, have fallen out of favour. But research reveals that not all economists are rand bears in the medium-term..


Objective: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation function in patients with essential hypertension(EH) complicated by hyperlipidemia.Methods: A total of 168 patients with EH complicated by hyperlipidemia were divided randomly into conventional therapeutic group(control) and atorvastatin treated group.The levels of blood lipid and(C-reaction) protein(CRP) were measured before and twelve weeks after treatment.Vascular endothelial function was assessed in the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasound technique in form of flow-mediated dilatation during reactive hyperemia and after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate.Results: Flow-mediated dilatation parameters and the levels of blood lipid and CRP were obviously improved compared with those before treatment in conventional treated group and atorvastatin therapeutic group(P0.05 and P0.01). After 12 weeks' atorvastatin therapy,the comparison of the results between the two groups showed significant difference(P0.05).(Conclusion:) Based on the conventional therapy,atorvastatin could further improve vascular endothelial function and resist inflammation of the arteriosclerosis in patients with EH complicated by hyperlipidemia.


Introduction: The available literature underscores the importance of optimizing surgical outcomes through a pre-operative checklist, which includes a review of the medical records and recent test results, changes in medical history, and a physical examination of the cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, and airway. Case Report: We report a case of a 47-year-old man who decompensated during an outpatient wrist procedure and needed to remain intubated requiring transfer to a hospital. On follow-up with the patient, laboratory work revealed a positive HIV test and CD4 count of 11 cells/mm3, along with a pneumonia consistent with pneumocystis pneumonia, which was unbeknownst to the surgical team before the procedure. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical update and pre-operative assessment before operating.


Subject
 Haiti fuel riots.

 Significance
 Prime Minister Jack Guy Lafontant and his cabinet resigned on July 14, after a government attempt to remove fuel price subsidies sparked deadly protests across the country. The unrest prompted the swift reversal of the policy but has left President Jovenal Moise struggling to appoint a new ministerial team and regain popular confidence.

 Impacts
 Maintaining fuel subsidies will reduce projected social spending, increasing frustration among the poorer sectors of society.
 The new prime minister will need opposition support and may not be willing to sponsor contentious government policies.
 Investor and donor concern about revived violence could delay funding for projects, weighing down GDP growth.
 Rising food prices are likely to add to social unrest, triggering or at least exacerbating future riots.


Bioentrepreneurship is the combination of different activities carried out by groups of people to form an enterprise that designs and commercializes great products by merging various scientific and business disciplines. In this chapter, the authors review the impact of bioentrepreneurship in the field of environmental technology. This approaches as an alternative to protect and sustain nature focusing on different aspects like nanotechnology-assisted water purification, phytoremediation of polluted environment, microbial and vermi remediation, etc. Another aspect approached is the finding and development of new plants as a biomass source for energy production, which are objectives for start-ups and have great business potential. Finally, the chapter examines the ability of the proposed theoretical framework to transcend its environmental context and provide insight into expanding the domain of the study of entrepreneurship. Simply put, economic logics embody principles of economic coordination or conventions that guide interpretation of the technology and its value.


Cable tension is one of the important indexes of cable integrity as well as bridge stability and can be measured by various tension measurement methods. Parallel strand cables are special in structure, so the cable force measurement is more complex and difficult than other types of cables. In order to evaluate the common measurement methods for parallel strand cables, based on the Tongling Yangtze river road-rail bridge, the monitoring data during constructions were collected for statistical analysis. This paper summarized the common measurement methods for parallel strand cables, compared the test data form different measurement methods and in different construction stages. The results show the lift-off method assisted by the vibration wire load cell method can ensure force uniformity, the difference of forces measured by the vibration frequency method, the load cell method and the lift-off method is less than 5%, which can basically meet the constructions control requirement of cable force. This paper offer good reference value to other similar parallel strand cable stayed bridges.


The aims of this study was to determine the effect of several organic growth regulatory on several varieties of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in Pre Nursery. The research was carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University, West Aceh, from March until finished. The materials used were Organic growth regulatory in the form of 50 cc coconut water, 50 cc union extract and 50 cc bamboo shoot extract. While the varieties of oil palm seedlings are varieties that yangambi, simalungun and 239 from IOPRI Medan. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) 4 X 3 with 3 replications. Giving growth regulatory (Z) consists of 4 levels, namely: Z0 = Control, Z1 = Coconut water, Z2 = Shallot Extract, Z3 = Bamboo Extract, while Variety factor (V) consists of 3 levels: V1 = Yangambi, V2 = Simalungun, V3 = 239. Observation parameters are increase in seedling height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaf midribs (midrib), wet stover weight (g), number of roots (number) and root length (cm). Keywords: Growth Regulatory, Varieties, Oil Palm, Pre Nursery


Size-exclusion chromatography in combination with biological solution small angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) is a useful technique that enables structural analysis of challenging samples such as labile biological samples and complex mixtures and is used extensively on all state-of-the-art biological SAXS beamlines at synchrotrons today. Here, we describe the successful setup of a laboratory-based SEC-SAXS system, schematically shown in Figure 1. We present data from various proteins covering a broad range of molecular weights to demonstrate that high quality data can be obtained using small sample volumes at moderate concentrations, even from minor solution components, such as protein dimers. A pitfall traditionally encountered with SEC-SAXS is peak broadening and sample dilution, hampering accurate concentration determination of the measured samples. Here we show that UV absorption measurements directly on the SAXS exposure cell circumvent this issue and ensure accurate concentration determination, crucial for direct molecular weight determination from the scattering data. Absence of radiation damage, a problem typically encountered with synchrotron SEC-SAXS, allows the fractionation of samples after SEC-SAXS for further analysis using complementary biostructural techniques. Determination of the exact chromatogram on the SAXS exposure volume through direct UV measurements allows accurate correlation of the obtained results with the SEC-SAXS results. The ability to perform SEC-SAXS in-house for a wide range of samples thus allows more samples to be studied without the need for synchrotron beamtime [1].


[When President Kennedy signed Public Law 87-813 on October 15, 1962, businessmen, economists, statisticians and many othlers breathed a collective sigh of relief. The law, passed in the hectic closing days of the 87th Congress, amended section 9 of title 13, United States Code, to extend confidentiality to company-retained copies of census reports. A Supreme Court decision on December 11, 1961, in the St. Regis Paper Co. v. the United States had ruled that company-retained copies of reports made to the Census Bureau could be subpoenaed by the Federal regulatory agencies and the information thus obtained used in legal proceedings against the reporting company. The decision, in effect, "placed the entire Federal statistical system in jeopardy" and shook "the confidence of the business community in the Federal reporting system" according to the report of the House Post Office and Civil Service Committee. The census has always been the keystone of our intricate Federal statistical structure. Confidence is the sine qua non of the census system. In the following article, the subject of census confidentiality is discussed with specific reference to the St. Regis decision and Public Law 87-813.]


Indonesia's rapid development is most evident in the capital city of Jakarta with its growing demand for electricity. Atlantic Richfield Indonesia is helping to support this demand by supplying gas to PLN's Muara Karang and Tanjung Priok generating plants. Most of the early production is from the KLX and KLY Parigi gas reservoirs. These two reservoirs will supply about 50% of the total gas in the project, while 30% is contained in the LL, Y and APN gas reservoirs, and the remaining 20% is associated gas from the Main, Massive and Talang Akar Formations.


Abstract Grace remains little studied though several recent studies have developed promising ways to measure grace. Here we report two studies involving grace interventions as part of an ongoing investigation of positive psychology in the context of Christian church communities, Study One used a crossover design in which two congregations were measured on grace and other variables at the outset, and again after phases one and two. One congregation received a grace intervention during phase one and the second during phase two. Results showed increased scores on grace but not an expected increase in marital satisfaction among married participants. Study Two used a similar design with two additional congregations to assess effects of a grace intervention on self-forgiveness. As expected, congregants receiving the grace intervention showed increases in trait self-forgiveness when compared to those in the wait-list.


The invention discloses a message transmission control method as well as a fiber channel over Ethernet (FCoE) protocol system and an exchanging device. In the invention, Ethernet nodes (ENode) for transmitting all multicasting messages and FCoE exchangers (FCF) are identified according to an identification carried in a multicasting FCoE initial protocol (FIP) message, and corresponding multicasting forwarding-tables can be respectively maintained according to the identified ENodes and the FCF so that the multicasting FIP messages are forwarded to all ENodes and all FCFs not by a broadcasting way any more, thereby improving the security of message transmission, and reducing the redundant FIP messages to avoid congestion; in addition, the identified FIP messages transmitted by the FCFs are authenticated by physical layer information of the FIP messages so as to identify false messages, thereby the security of the message transmission is further improved.


Food processing can be defined as the transformation of raw ingredients into food or of food into other forms. This review summarizes an American Institute for Cancer Research symposium that addressed the question of what is known about food processing in relation to cancer risk. To approach this question, it is valuable to understand something about the evolutionary history of food processing as well as the broad range of commonly utilized industrial/home processing technologies.


Most developers are morons, and the rest are assholes. I have at various times counted myself in both groups, so I can say this


With the rapid development and application of fiber and integrated optic guided wave technologies, concerns for the operation of these technologies in adverse environments have arisen. Recent radiation effects data pertaining to guided wave components are of great interest to planners of space and military systems using these technologies. Key research results and brief descriptions of some ongoing studies are highlighted within this review in order to familiarize the reader with the state-of-the-art, and to facilitate access to authoritative reference materials.


Introduction: De-forming the Connections between Muslim Violence, 'Culture' and Secularism 1. A Regime of Gender Violence: Honor Killings, Familial Violence, and Muslim Women's Subjectivities 2. Contentious Headscarves: Cleaning Woman, Forbidden Schoolteacher, Hijab Martyr 3. Troubling Headscarves: Covering, Artistic Reconfigurations of Public Space, and the Muslim Woman's Body 4. Freedom to Imagine the World: Violence and the Writing of Self 5. Violent Authenticities: The Work of Emine Sevgi Ozdamar and Feridun Zaimoglu Conclusion


Pakistan has not only been blessed with enriched hydrological cycling phenomenon which generate abandoned quantum of water in the northern part , but also possess 18.68 MAF Water Potential in water scarce areas of Pakistan , known as Rod Kohi. Spate irrigation is in practice in Pakistan, where, flood water, during monsoon season, gets generated and channelized from down-hill countered profiles (catchments area). These hill torrential are diverted to agriculture fields, by constructing earthen embankments or related hydraulic concrete structures. Since, hill sides torrential are unpredictable, temporally and spatially matrix, which poses numerous challenges to the farmers who in return forcibly integrate / pool up individual resources to partially manage this scarce resource. Though the annual rainfall ( ....100...mm/year) in this area is low and uncertain yet at the same time due to terrain lay out , substantial quantum of water gets accumulated due to downhill side terrain profile each rainfall event. The agriculture activities, in these areas are totally dependent on such type of phenomenal rainfalls. Unfortunately, due to lack of scientific water resource management and modern agriculture practices, major quantum of torrential flood water is not only gets wasted , but also causes huge losses to human life and property . This catastrophic situation arises, as there are neither successive layers of check-dams on the down-hill sides of these mountain ranges, nor any kind of water storage facilities exist at the foot hill areas. PARC (Pakistan Agricultural Research Council) and Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Foundation ( PPAF) did funded some localized water storage , water conveyance and water distribution system interventions, but still there is a dire need of holistically adoption of watershed management approaches , based on resource integration concept and practices. This un-managed water resource must be harnessed / converted into lucrative opportunities to oxygenize the life line for millions of people residing in these areas.


The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of information support for assessment processes and ensuring the necessary level of economic security of construction enterprises. The article proves that in order to carry out a qualitative assessment of the economic security of an enterprise in the construction industry and obtain reliable estimates of its level, it is necessary to create a high-quality informational assessment base and collect a set of data expressed by performance indicators. They should be formed in accordance with the chosen model of information presentation, which reflects in an orderly form the economic processes and phenomena that occur and is a collection of data about them. It is substantiated that in order to carry out a qualitative assessment of the economic security of a construction industry enterprise and obtain reliable assessments of its level, in our opinion, it is necessary to create a qualitative information base for assessment and collect a set of information data expressed by performance indicators. They should be formed in accordance with the selected information presentation model that reflects in an orderly form the economic processes and phenomena that occur and is a collection of data about them. In order to form an information base for assessing the economic security of a construction enterprise, based on the results of which decisions will be made regarding its provision, it is proposed to apply a systematic approach based on the following distribution of elements: the structuring of economic security according to the components by which the level of security is determined and structured by interests and influencing factors according to the stakeholder groups of the correspondingly presented assessment system and methodology, where the level of economic security is determined taking into account the interests and factors of influence on economic security according to the stakeholder groups, which are expressed in qualitative indicators determined by the expert method and studied in dynamics. Quantitative (indicators of economic security by components) and qualitative indicators (interests of the enterprise, factors of influence) are a measure of the achievement of the goal, where the construction of an information base based on a systemic approach is based on the general concept of the goal - the definition of a complex integral indicator that reliably reproduces the current state of the economic safety of the construction enterprise. An information base for assessing the economic security of the enterprise is presented in the form of a geometric interpretation as a space with a certain number of vectors that will correspond to the components of the economic security of the enterprise and groups of stakeholders whose interests and influence factors are determined, which makes it possible to form a high-quality information base for a high-quality and reliable assessment of the economic security of a construction enterprise.


Community Transportation Reporter, "Index for 1987," is an alphabetical listing by topic of all the major articles that appeared in CTR in 1987. Topic, month, number, and page number are given.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate histopathological changes of acute facial nerve impairment.

METHODS
Ligation of facial nerve outside stylomastoid foramen with 3-0 silk, observation of histopathological changes of facial nerve on the 1st day, 3rd day and 5th day after ligation.

RESULTS
The facial nerve showed all kinds and various degrees of histopathological changes, from swelling to degeneration, in myeline and axon respectively.

CONCLUSION
All kinds and various degrees of pathological changes have been observed in myeline and axon after the ligation of facial nerve in rabbits. This study demonstrates that such injuries to the facial nerve become increasingly serious as the ligation lasts day after day.


State-of-the-art chatbot models have been refined over the past few years, especially in the category of open-domain chatbots, thanks to the development of new model architectures, capable of storing the context of conversations more reliably, or the development of larger data sets to train such models. With such improvements, chatbot text applications can simulate human replies. However, when one of those text applications is implemented in a humanoid robot, that uses mainly sound to communicate, the result may not be as humanlike as the text by itself. In this paper, we develop a full-body humanoid chitchat system: the HumanoidBot. It has the objective to further discuss the influence of gestures in full-body humanoid robots performed simultaneously with speech utterances, aiming to improve its humanlikeness in face-to-face human-robot open-domain dialogues.


An algebraic approach to Rellich's theorem is given which states that any analytic family of matrices which is normal on the real axis can be diagonalized by an analytic family of matrices which is unitary on the real axis. We show that this result is a special version of a purely algebraic theorem on the diagonalization of matrices over fields with henselian valuations.


Assessment of water availability is important to mining operations. Efficient mineral extraction, processing, and refining is related to a proper water management plan, especially in areas where wa...


A simple, yet effective, method is presented which was used to construct twin pipelines across unstable estuary mudflats which are exposed at low water and inundated by up to 1.5m of water at high tide. The project is outlined and the reasons for the choice of the route explained. Investigations into the ground conditions and the possible alternative methods are discussed. Finally, the system adopted and the resources utilised are set out along with the unit cost of the installation.


A concept of pulsewidth modification is used to vary the duty cycle. Analog technique with feedback loop is applied to correct the duty cycle of any circuit without using more power. This technique works at the frequencies where most of the digital techniques does not work. Additional noise and degradation in sensitivity in a receiver rises due to non 50% duty cycle and even order harmonics which is eliminated. Pulsewidth modification cell is used for expansion and contraction of pulsewidth. Push pull inverter is used as an amplifier to amplify and bias the analog valtage.


Three models of the solar wind-Venus interaction are evaluated: the strong magnetic field, pseudomagnetosphere model is discounted because Mariner 5 data showed a weakening of the magnetic field near the planet; the weak convection field model is shown not to correlate with experimental data; and the plasma absorption model is shown to have some qualitative advantages for ionospheric theory, but is quantitatively dependent on the structure and extent of the outer exosphere. Ionizing flows resulting from the interaction of upper atmospheric processes and the solar wind plasma are described analytically, and equations for the flow and distribution functions of the suprathermal exospheric component are derived. The shock Mach number is shown to be an important index in ionizing flows, and it is suggested that future space probes should aim at determining this number together with the velocity distributions of ions and energetic neutrals in the outer exosphere. (IAA)


The effect of some processing parameters (thickness of kernels, kernels to butter mass ratio, temperature and duration of frying) on the acid and peroxide values and the melting properties of shea butter was studied during deep fat frying of shea kernels (Butyrospermum parkii). The results showed that the frying of kernels results in low acidic butters fulfilling commercial criteria of acidity. The increase of the frying temperature increased the peroxide value. The thermograms of butters from fried kernels dispayed a peak intermediate to both typical peaks of shea butter. The melting enthalpy of this peak increased with increasing the temperature and the duration of frying. The best frying conditions to preserve the quality of shea butter are: kernel thickness 2-6 mm; frying temperature 140-150 °C, kernel to butter mass ratio 0,04-0,06 and duration of frying less than 10 minutes.


Globules resembling the cytological entity volutin were produced in vitro by mixing solutions of polyphosphate and certain cationic substances known to occur abundantly in the yeast vacuole, i.e., S-adenosylmethionine, Mg2+, and K+. Other cationic substances found to form globules with polyphosphate were Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, S-adenosylethionine, spermidine, and spermine. Cationic amino acids did not form a precipitate with polyphosphate and at low concentrations they inhibited precipitation of globules of polyphosphate–S-adenosylmethionine. Two other polyanions, dextran sulfate and ribonucleic acid, also formed globular precipitates with S-adenosylmethionine. Conditions affecting the formation and stability of polyphosphate–S-adenosylmethionine precipitates were studied in an attempt to reproduce certain characteristics of vacuolar polyphosphate "granules." Procedures commonly used for extraction of polyphosphate from yeast were applied to in vitro granules and the results indicated that part of the "a...


Second order rate constants (k2) for the reaction of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride with p-substituted benzoic acid(s) [XC6H4COOH, where X= 4-H, 4-CH3 and 4-NO2] in the presence of triethylamine in binary aqueous- Acetonitrile/Acetone mixed solvent have been determined by conductometric method at 25-40 °C. It was found that the rate decreased with increase of water content in Acetonitrile-water binary system. In acetone-water binary system the rate increases with increase in water content to about 10%, reaches a maximum and then decreases. The change in rate with change in concentration of acetone may be explained by solvation behaviour of acetone. Activation parameter (Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡, ΔG‡) are evaluated from the rate data by the usual methods. Influence of solvent properties at microscopic and macroscopic level on the rate is subjected to simple and multiple linear correlations. The log k2 values of binary aqueous-acetone system are correlated with Grunwald-Winstein Y values. The 'm' value is found to be very low which indicates that the bond breaking and bond making would proceed to the same extent. This is the characteristic property of SN2 reaction.


The invention discloses a lead frame transmission device which comprises a steel channel (1), motors (2) and a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises pinch wheels I (3), pinch wheels II (4), belt wheels I (5) and belt wheels II (6); the pinch wheels I (3), the belt wheels I (5) and the belt wheels II (6) are rotationally mounted on an internal wall of the steel channel (1) along rotating shafts from one end of the steel channel (1) to the other end of the steel channel (1); the pinch wheels II (4) are arranged above the pinch wheels I (3) and pressed on belts I (7); the transmission mechanism is symmetrically arranged on the internal wall on the two sides of the steel channel (1); the rotating shafts of the two belt wheels II (6) are connected with the motors (2) respectively; and the two motors (2) are arranged outside the steel channel (1).The device has the benefits that the device is simple in structure, can effectively avoid belt slip and prevent tablets from being stuck in a material box, improves the production efficiency and reduces therejection rate of products.


a dialogical nature that allowed them also to pose their own, urgent questions. To quote Mikhail Bakhtin: "Without one's own questions one cannot creatively understand anything other or foreign." Therefore in their separate efforts in penetrating the unknown Tocqueville and Custine questioned their own concerns regarding Europe's entity, the presence of violence in history, and autocracy and equality versus individual freedom. Based on the results of their travels, the two writers also tried to envision the future and rightly predicted that America and Russia would play crucial roles in shaping what has become our contemporary world. Both Frenchmen belonged to that class of aristocrats that had to redefine itself after the French revolution and struggle to recognize their new social and political responsibilities. As a consequence, their social isolation and outsideness formed them as writers and thinkers, and became, as Grudzinska Gross asserts, the forerunners of today's intellectuals. The Scar of Revolution is a rare example of a successful multidisciplinary approach to a particular subject. In her analysis the author weaves together the points of view of a literary scholar, a political scientist, a historian and an art historian. To cite one instance, Grudzinska Gross supports her argument regarding Tocqueville's vision of America as a land of primordial wilderness by examining in detail a drawing executed by Gustave de Beaumont, Tocqueville's friend and companion during his American journey. Beaumont's drawing depicting Frenchman's Island on Lake Oneida is full of ideas characteristic of romanticism, such as the image he sketched of a seated, melancholic man on an isolated island. By juxtaposing the drawing with Tocqueville's American notations the author traces the transformation of a journey into a work of imagination. While interpreting Custine's appraisal of Russia's artistic heritage, Grudzinska Gross concentrates on his description of Moscow's Cathedral of Saint Basil. The author compares in concise, straightforward prose the exterior of this masterpiece of Russian sacred architecture with Custine's effusive efforts; invariably, the latter's attempt in his seeking the right word that would not only grasp adequately the Cathedral's organic structure and beauty, but exist on a par with it falls distressingly short. In her intertextual analysis the author compares Custine's ekphrastic difficulties with a similar problem that other western travel writers faced in capturing in a phrase the same aesthetic mystery. Lastly, this book is not only an engaging examination of the literary output of Tocqueville and Custine, but also offers a key to understanding the dominant cultures of the nineteenth century. The lessons she imparts are vital and serve well the needs of students of Russian and French literatures and scholars of political science, particularly those interested in the formation of constitutionalism, democracy and autocracy.


Macroinvertebrates communities of Aghien lagoon were sampled monthly between june 2014 and Mai 2015 using the kick sampling technique and Van Veen Grab methods. The distribution of organic matter and current velocity were accounted for the variations of species composition, taxonomic richness and total abundance. Insects class was the most dominant and represented. Diptera was more dominant in all stations of Aghien lagoon with chironomidfamily. High human activities around lagoon which released waste into the River accounted for the poor species richness.


Present study was conducted in Bareilly and Surguja districts of Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh state to ascertain the buffalo calf management practices followed by buffalo owners and for this data were collected by 100 respondents (owning two or more buffaloes along with calves) i.e., 50 from each districts. It was found that a total of 378 buffalo calves were born during 2009-10 and 2010-11 and out of them 293 calves were survived and 85 calves were died at the farm of respondents. Overall mortality rate in buffalo calves was found 22.48 percent. Majority (92%) of the respondents were not following deworming of pregnant dam in last trimester. In both the districts, 100 percent of the respondents were not calling veterinarians at the time of calving. Pertaining to the naval cord cutting 96 per cent of the respondents from Bareilly and cent percent respondents from Surguja district were not cutting the naval cord at the distance of 2.5 cm from the body of Regarding colostrum feeding it was found that only 5 percent of respondents were feeding colostrum to new born calves within one hour of their birth. Majority of respondents were feeding colostrums to calves after releasing of placenta. Majority of the respondents (68.42%) responded that dam does not release placenta if they feed colostrum to the calf, whereas 16.84 percent of respondents believed that colostrum causes diarrhoea. High mortality rate of buffalo calves indicates that farmers were not following scientific management practices due to lack of knowledge and awareness. There is a need to make the farmers aware about importance of scientific management practices and make available necessary essential veterinary services and other input facilities at their door step.


Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a baby born with a weight less than 2500 grams which has a contribution to infant mortality, especially during the perinatal period. LBW is caused by a short gestational age (prematurity) and IUGR (Intra Uterine Growth Restriction) which in Indonesian is called Inhibited Fetal Growth (PJT) or both. Both of these causes are influenced by risk factors. Factors associated with the incidence of LBW are maternal age, gestational age, parity, gestational age, malnutrition during pregnancy, hypertension, smoking, multiple pregnancy, hydramnios, tiring work and birth spacing. This study aims to determine the relationship between parity, hypertension and birth spacing with the incidence of low birth weight in the Kayuagung Hospital in 2021. The design of this research is quantitative using an analytical survey method with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all newborns at the Kayuagung Hospital in 2021 as many as 1004 babies. The sample used was some newborns in the Perinatal Room of RSUD Kayu Agung, amounting to 91 respondents. The statistical results of the chi-square test obtained p value = 0.003 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between parity and the incidence of LBW, the statistical results of the chi-square test obtained p value = 0.275 <0.05, so it can be concluded there is no relationship between hypertension and the incidence of LBW and the statistical results of the chi-square test obtained p value = 0.010 <0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between birth spacing and the incidence of LBW. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between parity and birth spacing with the incidence of LBW at the Kayuagung Hospital in 2021 and there is no relationship between hypertension and the incidence of LBW at the Kayuagung Hospital in 2021.


The moir´e method is a well-known tool in NDT; it is based on the principle of superposition of two sets of lines or gratings, which creates a moir´e pattern that can reveal surface deformations caused by underlying defects or damage. In this paper, we propose a simple artwork diagnostic using the moir´e method and a smartphone. The technique is based on coupling the acquisition of fringe patterns by the smartphone camera to an effective fringe generator. The fringe generator consists of a diffractive optical element (DOE) illuminated by a laser diode; this optical device proved to be very effective thanks to its ability to produce in a simple way grid patterns of different spatial frequencies. The smartphone camera is used to capture the grid patterns and to store them in the cloud. We demonstrate the proposed approach by giving some preliminary experimental results.


The invention discloses a reflection optical filter. The reflection optical filter is arranged on the surface of an automotive windscreen, and comprises a substrate, wherein the surface of the substrate is plated with a combined film stack, wherein the combined film stack comprises a long-wave through film stack and a short-wave through film stack. A thin layer is not introduced into an optimization process of the combined film stack comprising the long-wave through film stack and the short-wave through film stack, and a film system structure is not damaged, so that a film system with a regular film thickness is finally obtained. When incident light illuminates the surface of the reflection optical filter with the combined film stack in an angle, the regular film system structure guarantees the color definition of reflection imaging, the color interference is reduced and the brightness of the reflection imaging is improved; and more importantly, the accuracy of controlling the precision of the film thickness is improved. The invention furthermore discloses a vehicle-mounted head-up display system.


In the absence of higher wages, refundable earned income tax credits can increase the value of low-wage employment. The federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) reduces the amount of income tax low-income working families are required to pay and provides a wage supplement to some families. It is available to families with annual incomes of roughly $35,000 and below (190 percent of the federal poverty level for a family of four).


In the processing of gears by the form grinding method, the accuracy of the gear tooth profile is easily influenced by setting errors of grinding wheels. When the values of the coordinates and slope of the tangent at points on the cutting edge of a grinding wheel are given, the transmission of setting errors from a gridning wheel to a work is denoted by a matrix and analyzed. Using this method, the setting errors of the grinding wheel can be analytically calculated. The estimation of setting errors is performed on the basis of data of tooth profile error obtained in gear processing. The accuracy of the estimation is dependent on the number of data sampled from the tooth profile curve. The greater the number of sampling data is, the better the accuracy of the estimation becomes. It is possible to estimate from a few sampling data depending upon the grade of gear finishing. Processed examples based on this idea are shown. The results show that this estimation effectively maintains the accuracy of the gear in form grinding processing.


We present a parallel implementation of Coalgebraic Logic Programming (CoALP) in the programming language Go. CoALP was initially introduced to reflect coalgebraic semantics of logic programming, with coalgebraic derivation algorithm featuring both corecursion and parallelism. Here, we discuss how the coalgebraic semantics influenced our parallel implementation of logic programming.


The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of root canal cleanness following two Ni-Ti rotary instruments with different rake angle. Thirty-six sound, extracted human premolars with single root were randomly divided into three groups. The used rotary instruments were HEROShaper (Group 1, Micro-Mega, Besancon, France, n=12) and ProFile (Group 2, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland, n=12). Control group (n=12) was only extirpated with barbed broach (Mani, Matsutani Seisakusho Co., Japan) Group 1 & 2 teeth were prepared to a #40/.04 taper at the apex followed by 1 mm using crown-down technique. After canal preparation and frequent irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, the roots split longitudinally into a bucco-lingual direction. Root halves were cross-sectioned in apical third portion again. All root specimens were processed for SEM investigation and photographed. Separate evaluations by one endodontist were undertaken for smear layer on prepared walls with a five score-index for each using refer-ence photograph in root halves. The penetration depth of smear layer into dentinal tubules was also esti-mated in the other halves. Following results were obtained: dentinal tubules specimens These results demonstrated that a completely clean root canal could not be achieved regardless of positive or negative rake angle, which is in with the majority of previous studies on root canal cleanliness In conclusion, through irrigation with antibacterial solutions or chelating agents is recommended to remove the smear layer on prepared canal wall in spite of Ni-Ti instrumentation.


Business processes are usually described and verified by the process models before they are implemented in the information systems. However, there exist deviations between the activities of a process model and those in event logs generated from the information systems. To replay the activities in the logs, the existing model needs to be repaired. In the current repair methods, the models with concurrent blocks cannot be simply repaired. Therefore, this paper proposes a new model repair approach based on logic Petri nets. Concurrent transition pairs and choice transition pairs are constructed based on process trees. By traversing optimal alignments, the transitions between the head and tail of concurrent blocks are determined, deviations are used to judge whether the activities in a process model and event logs have concurrent transition pairs or choice transition pairs, and the model is then repaired via logic Petri nets. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model repair method are illustrated by the experiments.


Both Web-based information infrastructure and marketing activities are dealt with by business-to-consumer electronic commerce. Centered on information systems and marketing literature, this review suggests a research model to explain the effect on consumer loyalty of the dimensions of website quality (system quality, information quality, and service quality). In order to verify the validity of the calculation model, confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and the structural model was also examined to investigate the correlations hypothesized in the study model. In this study, by comparing the Hyperparameter class & Catboost class we can find a number of distributions of individual absolute errors which can be considered as a fairly important factor in the analysis of sales quality on e-commerce websites.


Two different types of carbon-based composites are made, to measure their electromagnetic parameters through experiments, which are applied to the construction of high impedance surface electromagnetic band gap absorbing structure. Then, through the application of electromagnetic simulation software HFSSv.11 the reflection coefficients of the models are measured as the electromagnetic frequency changes. The research shows that the application of carbon-based composites can improve the EBG absorbing structure, thus having such functions as heat resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight and high tensile strength. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the carbon-based composite to the EBG absorbing structure to improve its performance.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune systemic disease caused as a result of an imbalance of Th1‐/Th2‐type cytokines. The soluble form of CD30 (CD30s) released from peripheral blood cells has been described as a marker of active disease in Th2‐type immune response as in SLE. However, the expression of CD30 on CD3 T lymphocytes from patients with SLE has not been studied yet. Therefore, we have addressed our study to attempt this issue, studying CD30 expression by flow cytometry on CD3 T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 subsets in samples from SLE patients mainly with lupus nephritis. In parallel, we have determined the production of the cytokines IL‐4 (Th2), IFNγ (Th1), IL‐10 and TGFβ by intracellular staining. Differences between positive CD30 T cells in healthy controls and patients with SLE were found, with a higher percentage of CD30‐expressing T cells in patients with SLE (P = 0.001). In contrast to healthy controls, CD30 was mainly expressed on CD8 T cells from patients with SLE. The intracellular cytokine staining showed that TGFβ is the main cytokine expressed in CD3 T cells from patients with SLE. In addition to this, we have found a positive correlation between CD30‐expressing T cells and IL‐4, IFNγ, and immunosuppressive cytokines (IL‐10 and TGFβ) (P < 0.05). These results suggest that CD30 could play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE and its expression on CD3 T lymphocytes is not restricted only to Th2‐type response.


Max Steiner and Erich Wolfgang Korngold led the film music at the Hollywood's golden age along with Alfred Newman, a composer under exclusive contract with the 20th Century Fox. The movies Gone with the Wind and Casablanca, whose music was directed by Max Steiner, are considered as the greatest films in film history until now. Especially, the professional composers, such as Max Steiner and Erich Wolfgang Korngold, contributed to the development of Hollywood's film music because they received legitimate classical music education. In consideration of the concept 'Gebrauchsmusik', the classical music is likely to be underestimated as 'Non-Gebrauchsmusik' in our educational situation. However, Max Steiner showed clearly the fact that the classical music could be the very 'Gebrauchsmusik' in such a film music by his own works.


Liquid or pasty product ejecting apparatus comprising a body (2), the body having a groove cavity (11) for receiving the product to be sprayed, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a translational activities to be acting on the injection screw product (3) , the screw (3) is mounted with a screw to cause translational movement of the bolt (5), and by control means acting on the bolt (5) so that rotation of the bolt lever (1).


Our financial setting consists of a market model with two flows of information. The smallest flow F is the"public"flow of information which is available to all agents, while the larger flow G has additional information about the occurrence of a random time T. This random time can model the default time in credit risk or death time in life insurance. Hence the filtration G is the progressive enlargement of F with T. In this framework, under some mild assumptions on the pair (F, T), we describe explicitly how G-local martingales can be represented in terms of F-local martingale and parameters of T. This representation complements Choulli, Daveloose and Vanmaele \cite{ChoulliDavelooseVanmaele} to the case when martingales live"after T". The application of these results to the explicit parametrization of all deflators under G is fully elaborated. The results are illustrated on the case of jump-diffusion model and the discrete-time market model.


ABSTRACT  Transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvales: Malvaceae), that produces two Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) toxins has reduced the need for insecticide treatments for bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), compared with single-gene Bt traits. Field trials were conducted in an area prone to high pressure from H. zea in South Carolina in 2010 and 2011 to develop action thresholds for this species in dual-gene Bt Bollgard II and WideStrike cotton. Plots containing non-Bt, WideStrike, and Bollgard II cotton varieties were examined weekly and treated according to threshold protocols for one of the following: bollworm eggs, larvae in white blooms, or boll damage. Although insecticide applications targeting H. zea increased yield in non-Bt cotton, differences in yield among the thresholds evaluated were not statistically evident when insecticides were applied within the sets of Bt traits. Insecticide applications exclusively targeting H. zea were not necessary in dual-gene Bt cotton. More H. zea larvae and damage occurred in WideStrike cotton compared with Bollgard II; however, lint yields for dual-gene Bt cotton did not differ among thresholds and did not support implementing protection strategies unique to each set of traits.


Extensive grazing systems in the tropics have large greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here an integrated cropping, livestock farming and saline pond aquaculture system is described which also reduces GHG emissions in tropical farming. The system was developed in the 1980s in the central Philippines and is re-evaluated in terms of its potential to reduce emissions from livestock production, particularly in wet and wet-dry tropical regions. The estimated cumulative annual GHG emission savings amount to 12.9 tonne CO2-e per head of cattle exiting the integrated feedlot system after 300 days. Use of silage from crop by-products and implementation of a feed-lot programme enabled immediate and significant reductions of GHG emissions over extensive cattle grazing. Integration with a saline animal waste processing pond allowed production of natural feed products, cyanobacteria algal mat for use in aquaculture, as crop fertiliser and soil amendment or in the silage manufacture process. Fish production from ponds receiving the harvested algal mat resulted in an annual average of 3300 kg/ha compared to an average 700 kg/ha in inorganic fertilised ponds. The unitised ratios for the integrated system were respectively: 1 ha sugarcane: 4 head of cattle: 0.13 ha saline waste processing pond. Stoichiometrically, bio-processing of waste material in saline ponds provides a novel solution to GHG emissions from feedlots. It uses a multi-step process dominated by cyanobacteria mats in which all the captured liquid and solid waste is passed through fermentation and a mixed aerobic and anaerobic photosynthesis/photosynthesis and mixed aerobic/anaerobic sulphate reduction pathway to use organic wastes and also reduce GHG emissions. Sulphate is reduced and sequestered as iron sulphide eliminating the potential for harmful sulphide emissions. Calcium carbonate precipitation in the cyanobacteria mats results in significant sequestration of carbon. The process produces organic feed matter with a three-fold increase in nitrogen levels arising from nitrogen fixation in the treatment pond.


RCM MEMBERS were unanimous in calling for a midwifery board on the profession's new regulatory body, to oversee the education, practice and professional conduct of midwives.


on analog computing and simulation are somewhat eccentric in relation to much contemporary doctrine, although I accept and actually relish this characterization. It could conceivably be in recognition of my relatively early start in the field of electronic analog technology; this again is not denied by me, but here we may have found the clue. The fact that I began a long time ago in this sort of activity doesn't mean at all that I am either oracle or authority. The truth of the matter is subtler still: it only means that I am getting old. So we have it out at last. They are showing respect for the aged. Here then, steeped in mellow nostalgia, are the musings of a well-meaning and harmless Old Timer.


Polysaccharides are widely used in the dairy industry as stabilising, thickening and gelling agents and locust bean gum (LBG) is one of the most commonly used. Together with the milk proteins, they form a pseudoternary milk protein-polysaccharide-water solution. The aim of this study was to build up a more detailed thermodynamic and kinetic understanding of molecular interactions between milk protein and LBG and to look especially at the effect of sucrose. Ternary phase diagrams in absence or in presence of sucrose (20, 30 or 40% w/w) were established and compared. For such a system, a very high degree of incompatibility has been demonstrated leading to thermodynamic separation into two distinct phases, one rich in protein and the other in polysaccharide. The similarity of a Skimmed milk (SMP/LBG and a micellar casein/LBG system suggests also that the incompatibility between skimmed milk and LBG is largely attributable to the incompatibility of micellar casein and LBG. Sucrose appears to have only a modest influence on the thermodynamics of these mixed systems, leading to a concentration effect within the protein phase and a dilution within the locust bean gum phase. Data on the effect of sucrose on the individual components suggests, however, an improved solvent effect for LBG. It has been clearly demonstrated that the microstructure of these systems is driven by the phase volume ratio.


ABSTRACT Heritage consultants engaged in development driven archaeology are typically less able than their academic counterparts to negotiate the terms of collaborative consultation with Aboriginal people. Legislation, intellectual property rights, budget and project scope all restrict the ability to achieve project goals beyond the 'shovel, sieve and report' formula prescribed by the heritage contract. This article asks how commercial archaeologists engaged as cultural heritage managers and consultants can create pathways to better outcomes for Aboriginal people through identifying opportunities to close the gap in social inequality.


We describe a new mounting technique for rapid alignment using semi-kinematic (SK) rails. Features of the technique include structures for positioning lens elements, beam splitters, mirrors, and the like. The SK rails are less complicated to machine than traditional v-groove technology.


This paper has introduced the policy of rice periodicals sponsored by the China National Rice Research Institute,and expounded the roles of the periodicals in the aspects of promoting scientific and technical innovation and industrialization of rice,and communications among rice scientists both at home and abroad.In addition,the paper has put forward the strategy form improving the role of rice professional periodicals.


Retigabine is a novel antiepileptic drug that influences M-type potassium currents. It is active in broad range of animal seizure models. PURPOSE. The aim of the present study is to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of Retigabine in two seizure models – maximal electroshock (MES) test and maximal pentylenetetrazole (MPTZ) test in rats. METHODS. Male Wistar rats (10 groups of 6 rats) were treated orally with Retigabine in doses 5, 7, 12, 20, 25 mg/kg (MES test) and 35, 60, 70, 90, 100 mg/kg (MPTZ test) respectively. ED50 MES and ED50 MPTZ were evaluated 30 minutes after p.o. administration of Retigabine (Trobalt ® , tab. 200 mg) by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. PTZ was injected i.p. in dose 100 mg/kg. RESULTS. Our results showed ED50 Retigabine = 18 mg/kg in the MES test and ED50 Retigabine = 64 mg/kg in the i.p. MPTZ test. The drug supress electrically and chemically induced seizures – models of generalized tonic – clonic seizures. CONCLUSIONS. Retigabine inhibits generalized seizures in MES test (18 mg/kg, p.o.) and in i.p. MPTZ test (64 mg/kg, p.o).


Note: GR-53 2042 SB ISIC IGC-II. Consultable sur demande a la bibliotheque de l'EPFL / Offered in consultation at the EPFL library Reference EPFL-STUDENT-219098 Record created on 2016-07-06, modified on 2016-08-09


This note investigates productivity dynamics of US manufacturing industries during the period 1958–1996. Nonparametric methods are used to calculate total factor productivity relative to a frontier production function and to estimate the transition density. The shape of the transition density leads to the conclusion that persistence relative to the frontier function plays a substantial role in sectoral productivity development, thereby contradicting the existence of strong intertemporal spillover effects between sectors as supposed in recent growth models.


Development-induced displacement resulted in the disruption of age-old ecological conditions among the indigenous populations worldwide. Indigenous communities who cherish a symbiotic relationship with their natural habitat were forced to evict due to the exploitation of rich natural resources in hydro-electric projects to cater to human beings' modern needs. The present study focuses on the Lotha-Nagas, from the state of Nagaland in India, who belong to the Doyang Hydro-electric project's resettled population in Wokha district, Nagaland. The study uses Michael Cernea's Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) model to analyse the adaptation process of the Lotha tribe in the resettlement area. The study's findings reveal that the displaced community faced challenges in terms of loss of livelihood opportunities in agriculture, imbalance in ecology, and poor transport and education facilities. This paper argues that in the process of resettlement, few elite families have become the most significant beneficiaries. In contrast, the ordinary people struggled in the resettled area, which further led to the community disarticulation despite occasional visits to their ancestral homes.


On the basis of defining incentive efficiency of executive stock option,the article illustrates factors affecting incentive efficiency and their features,analyzes and sets up an assessing model of executive stock option.By adopting fuzzy-matter element method,the executive stock option mechanism has been comprehensively assessed.


Corresponds to plants growing within a radius of 5 m around the red zone 1. Delimit the zone with barricade tapes. 2. Prevent people, animals, and vehicles from entering this zone. 3. Permanently monitor the plants for Moko disease. 4. Disinfect tools with 2.6% sodium hypochlorite when moving from plant to plant. 5. Trap and control weevils. 6. Cover healthy bunches with plastic bags. 7. If the infection focus is located on a slope, the radiuses of the red and yellow zones should be increased in the slope's direction.


Four different configurations are analyzed and designed for hydrogen liquefaction system, which are cooled by cryogenic refrigerators and have proper catalysts for ortho-to-para conversion. The systems could be applied to relatively small and local liquefaction such as the fueling stations for automobiles. In each case, the liquid yield and the figure of merit (FOM: the ratio of the reversible to the actual liquefaction work) are calculated when the performance indices of the components are given. The designed configurations include the simple liquefaction via direct contact with a refrigerator whose surface temperature is lower than the liquid hydrogen, and the refrigerator-precooled Linde-Hampson cycle with proper catalyses for the ortho-to-para conversion. It is shown that there exists an optimal compression pressure for the given precooling temperature of refrigerator and that the optimal pressure decreases as the precooling temperature decreases. The liquefaction performance is descussed for different fractions of para-hydrogen in liquid.


Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a powerful remote sensing tool during the last 25 years. Most relevant products are three dimensional and projected on a cartographic system: topographic, thematic and change-detection maps. Starting with the requirements of precision agriculture, subsurface tomography, subsidence and cartography a low weight drone-borne SAR was designed. It operates in P, L and C-bands with cross-track (InSAR) and differential Interferometry (DInSAR). The requirements of the foreseen applications, concept, design, results and validation from regular surveys and ground truths are presented.


Basic directions of inclusive professional education development are presented. The content of inclusive competitiveness of future teachers of professional education is revealed. The article may be useful when analyzing experience of implementing inclusive education into professional institutions and when training teachers of professional education.


In this work, different sources of potassium materials were used for 10-20-20 + S + Mg fertilizer granulation. It was found that both the raw material KCl and magnesium from carnallite production by-products (KE) can be used for fertilizer making. With both potassium raw materials, upon selecting certain granulation process parameters, it is possible to make a high-quality product. To produce a high quality 10-20-20 + S + Mg NPK fertilizer which would be a marketable fraction, using KE requires less moisture than granulation using KCl. If the water content with KCl is 10.1 %, with a sufficient KE it is 8.8 %. However, the drying of fertilizers requires higher energy costs, as maintaining the same drying temperature and the same drying time, the fertilizer produced with KE, the remaining moisture content is 1–3 %, and this is a too high moisture for a fertilizer. The marketable fraction produced using KE is less dependent on raw material mixture granulometric composition than with KCl. The origin potassium raw materials has no significant influence on the static strength of granules.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6099


In this paper the issues like preprocessing of medical data, reclassification of the training sets and determining the importance of classes, formation of reference tables, selection of an informative features set that differentiate between class objects, formed by medical professionals are discussed and solved. Mainly in the most studied references [5-8, 11-13] the Fisher's criterion is used to obtain solutions to problems/tasks. Also for solving problems, the algorithms for an estimate calculation as well as the related software programs are used. For all cases, algorithms and software programs are suggested.
The study consists of two important steps. The first step is to build a reference table, based on the importance of the features and objects as well as their contribution to the classes [1-4, 9, 10]; the second step is concerned with the choice of the most useful characteristic features set to be investigated. This corresponds to solving the issue of selection of set of informative features from a given table, their visualization, and the determination of the contribution of the features set to the formation of classes [1-13].


NeutrophiIs are stimulated by interaction of chemoattrachants, phagocytic particles and inflammatory mediators with receptor on the cell surface. The signalling pathways initiated upon the receptor on neutrophil have not been clearly defined, the intracellular mechanisms that traduce receptormediated responses are complex. It is known that neutrophil stimulation by PMA produces tyrosine phosphorylation, increase on intracellular calcium and the generation of many lipid-derived second messengers and it has been shown that the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC in this process is clear. Eleven PKC isoforms have been identified in mammalian tisues and these are classified into three subgoups, the conventional PKCs with PKC-a, PKC-b I, PKC-b I1 and PKC-g which need phosphatidylserine (PS) and are activated by Ca+z and diacylglycerol (DAG). The novel PKCs: PKC-d, PKC-e, PKC-h, PKC-q and PKC-m also need PS and DAG but are calcium independent. And the atypical PKCs: PKC-z and PKC-lo5 which require PS but are DAG and Ca+z independent. PKC isoforms may differ in their functions due to specific intracellular location and differences in enzymatic properties. The aim of this study is investigates the IgEdependent activation of different PKC isoforms in neutrophils from allergic patients. Skin prick test with allergens (BialAristegui, Bilbao, Spain) was performed by standar method. The total and specific IgE levels were determined by HYTEC 288 (HYCOR Biomedical Inc., Irvine, CA. USA). Here we have shown that in neutrophils from allergic patients the isofoms PKC-b, PKC-d and PKC-z are translocated from cytosol to membrane after an IgE-dependent activation. In control subjects there is no PKC activation after the stimulation of the neutrophils with anti-IgE. In neutrophils from allergic patients the overexpression and translocation of PKC isozymes is produced after 5 minutes to stimulated with anti-IgE and 10 minutes with PMA. Monday 3 July