Everyone will agree that an owner whose property is involved in a right-of-way acquisition should receive fair compensation for the part taken and for any damages incurred by the residual. In other words, the market value of the remainder after the taking, plus the amount of the settlement, should be neither more nor less than the total value of the original tract before the taking. This, of course, presupposes that both the market value of the parcel at the time of acquisition and the extent of the damages can be accurately estimated. The development of the appraisal process provides the competent and conscientious appraiser with the means for making a reasonably good estimate of the "before" value of a property. However, it is only recently that serious thought has been given to a factual determination of the damages sustained by residual parcels. Many state highway departments in recent years have undertaken the investigation of remainder parcels and are cooperating with the Bureau of Public Roads in the building of a "central bank" of case studies concerned with what happens to individual residual tracts. This type of economic research offers a maximum return for the time and money expended and holds the promise of producing a considerable amount of information that will be quickly and directly applicable to the determination of damages sustained by residual parcels. Indiana's initial studies in this area have been conducted by the Joint Highway Research Project during the past year. This paper will be a brief discussion of the basic procedures used and of the results avail


PURPOSE: To provide an extrusion process for metal billets which eliminates the waste of time and enhances productivity and an extrusion press. CONSTITUTION: The bottom of a container 3 having a cylindrical housing 4 is closed by a supporting piece 13 and a die 14 is housed in the supporting piece and is supported at a stationary cross piece 1. The billet 6 is put into the cylindrical housing 4 and a dummy block 5 of the same cross section as the cross section of the cylindrical housing is penetrated into the cylindrical housing by a piston 52 of a main cylinder 53 disposed at another stationary cross piece 11, by which the billet 6 is subjected to pre-compression between the dummy block and the supporting piece 13. During this pre-compression, the pressing of the container to the supporting piece is prevented, by which a slight spacing (e) is maintained between the supporting piece and the corresponding end of the container. As a result, the air in the housing is gradually expelled until the billet 6 is completely added to the wall of the housing 4 during the pre-compression. The extrusion of the billet 6 in the absent state of the air is thus made possible.


The title compound, C 11 H 14 N 2 O 3 , is a non-linear optical chromophore. The piperidinol ring is in a chair conformation. The C-N-C fragment of the piperidinol moiety is nearly coplanar with the nitrophenyl ring system. The molecular stacking allows hydrogen bonding between the piperidinol hydroxy group and the nitro group.


For the purpose of disclosing estimated annu a1 incidence rate and causative factors of traumatic spinal cord injury and obtaining basic data for the establishment of effective measures to prevent this injury , the medical record of 204 cases of Seoul residents with spin a1 cord injury which admitted in 46 general hospitals and National rehabilitation center located in Seoul , including Sam Y ook Rehabilitation Center and Jung Ang Hospital in Kyungi do 뻐d occurred in 1995 were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) The estimated annu a1 incidence rate of traumatic spinal cord injury in 1995 of Seoul residents was 20.5 per million population. This incidence rate was the highest in the 40th years (34 .1), followed by in the 50t h years (26.5) and in the 20th years (25.6) in descending order. 2) The incidence rate ratio between male and female was 3 .5:1. 3) The leading cause of injury was the highest in traffic accidents (42.2%) , followed by falls from elevation (29 .4%) and falls on the same level


Introduction
 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is categorized into favorable-, intermediate- and adverse-risk groups according to European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk stratification. The intermediate-risk AML comprises a substantial proportion of AML, and even within the intermediate-risk AML, the biology and prognosis are highly different, which suggests that more prognostic factors are needed to be identified.
 Method
 A total of 265 newly diagnosed AML patients treated between January 2010 and January 2019 who had cryopreserved DNA for mutational analyses diagnosed and treated in Changhai Hospital were included. 121 patients were aged ≤ 65y, and classified as intermediate-risk (IR)-AML. A Custom Amplicon panel targeting exons of 210 genes was used for deep sequencing at diagnosis. We used a LASSO Cox regression model to achieve shrinkage and variable selection from prognostic factors (P<0.1 in log-rank tests) to build risk score for predicting overall survival. A nomogram was constructed to display the risk of death in individuals. The discrimination of the risk score was measured by the concordance index (C-index) and areas under time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUCs), and the calibration of the risk score was explored graphically by calibration plots. Patients with IR-AML and aged ≤ 65y in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data (n= 41) was used as a validation cohort.
 Results
 The median age was 44 (11-75) years, and 54% had normal karyotype. NRAS and CEBPA were the most recurrently mutated genes (both 26%), followed by KIT (24%), DNMT3A (23%), ARID1B (20%), FLT3-ITD (19%), PCLO (17%), and TET2 (17%).
 In univariate analyses, age ≥ 55 years, WBC ≥ 10×109/L , PLT > 40×109/L, high LDH counts at diagnosis, DNMT3A and Signaling Pathway genes mutations and the number of mutated genes ≥ 8 were significantly associated with poor OS (P < 0.05), and age ≥ 55 years, WBC≥ 10×109/L, DNMT3A and FLT3-ITD mutations were associated with worse relapse free survival(RFS, P < 0.05).
 Three variables were incorporated in our scoring model by LASSO, including Signaling Pathway genes mutations (including NRAS, KIT, FLT3, KRAS etc), DNMT3A mutation and WBC≥ 10×109/L. A risk scoring model was developed incorporating the weighted coefficients of these variables:0.6749 × Signaling Pathway + 1.1147 × DNMT3A + 0.7829 × WBC. The risk score grouped IR-AML patients into two subgroups: intermediate-low risk (ILR, score < 1, n= 48) and intermediate-high risk (IHR, score ≥ 1, n= 62) groups (Table1). Concordance index[OS: 0.703, 95% CI (0.643, 0.763); RFS: 0.681, 95%CI (0.620, 0.741)] demonstrated well discrimination power and calibration plots showed that the nomograms did well compared with an ideal model. The 3-year OS for ILR and IHR groups were 72.3% and 29.4% (P < 0.0001), and 3-year RFS were 63.9% and 19.4% (P < 0.0001), respectively (Figure 1A-B). The similar results were also observed in TCGA cohort (3-year OS 57.7% vs. 26.2%, P= 0.019; Figure 1C). The survival was equivalent for patients with ILR when treated with chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT, 3-year OS: 74.7% vs. 70.8%, P= 0.936, RFS: 76.4% vs. 55.0%, P= 0.225; Figure 2A-B). However, alloHSCT benefited patients with IHR. Patients who received alloHSCT had survival advantages over those who treated with chemotherapy only (3-year OS: 51.6% vs. 20.7%, P= 0.022; 3-year RFS: 38.1% vs. 7.8%, P= 0.008; Figure 2C-D). The prognosis of patients with IHR was as poor as those with adverse-risk AML (n=65 , 3-year OS: 29.5% vs. 33.3%, P= 0.794; 3-year RFS: 19.4% vs. 39.1, P= 0.294).
 Conclusions
 In this study, we developed and validated a novel scoring model that incorporated molecular and clinical profiles. According to our score model, IR-AML patients could be further stratified into two subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes. And the prognosis of patients with IHR was similar with patients with adverse-risk. Moreover, alloHSCT would override the poor outcome of patients with IHR.
 In summary, our scoring model might help identify patients with IR-AML who are most likely to benefit from alloHSCT. The results are needed to be validated in other independent cohorts and prospective studies before implementation into clinics.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The influence of light, soil moisture, and temperature on establishment of selected species through hairy vetch residue on the soil surface was investigated under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Hairy vetch residue at rates ranging from 0 to 616 g m−2 had no effect on corn, slightly reduced velvetleaf and green foxtail establishment, and severely inhibited common lambsquarters establishment under full sunlight conditions. The same rates of hairy vetch residue reduced velvetleaf, green foxtail, and common lambsquarters establishment more under a shade cloth with 9% light transmittance than under full sunlight. Day/night temperatures of 24/16 or 32/26 C had no effect and soil moistures of 50 or 133% field capacity had little effect on response of all species to residue rates. Weed establishment was similar under shade cloth without residue as under residue with an equivalent light transmittance, suggesting that light was more important than allelopathy or physical impedance for weed suppression by hairy vetch residue.


Evolutionary training in higher education is largely confined to the biological sciences and is even circumscribed within the biological sciences. EvoS provides a comprehensive solution to this problem in the form of a campus-wide program that can be implemented at most colleges and universities. This article documents the need for expanding evolutionary training in higher education and describes the formation of the first two EvoS programs, which provide the nucleus of an NSFfunded consortium of programs.


The hypothesis that corn food plots enhance overwinter survival of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) was examined in southeastern Minnesota. Two distinct populations of wild turkeys were studied during winter, one occupying an area where corn food plots were present and one in an area where they were not. Data were recorded for 328 birds captured and 154 that were radio-tagged. Five parameters were examined: activity patterns, home range size, habitat use, body weight, and survival. No differences in weight or survival were evident between the 2 populations during a winter of little deep snow. During a winter with persistent deep snow, birds relying on natural food resources showed substantial weight losses (P < 0.05) and mortality exceeded 60%. Birds using corn showed no weight loss and mortality was less than 10% of the population. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 44(2):456-462 Winter conditions have been recognized as having marked effects on wild turkeys in northern regions. Investigations in the past 10 years have shown that the critical facet of the winter environment is snow depth. Specifically, snow depths in excess of 25 cm limit the bird's ability to move (Austin and DeGraff 1975) and, therefore, its ability to locate and exploit food resources. Prolonged periods of deep snow can result in extensive mortality (Wunz and Hayden 1975, Wanless 1976). Turkeys in the upper Mississippi Valley inhabit a region where snow often restricts them to less than 10% of their normal range (Porter 1977a). Further, spring seeps, which have been shown to be important feeding habitat in the eastern United States (Healy 1977), do not occur commonly in this region. Production of mast, another important food resource, is frequently poor. As a result, historical populations fluctuated violently, periodically going extinct (Schorger 1942). In the past century, land-use patterns have altered the environment in the upper Mississippi Valley and have created a new food resource potentially important to turkeys. Throughout this region hardwood forests are interspersed with agricultural fields. At times, these fields contain an abundance of unharvested or waste grain. Partial fields of standing corn are frequently left on publicly owned lands or purchased on private lands under the auspices of the regional whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management program. Corn is a highly nutritious food for domestic turkeys (Waibel and Burke 1973), and small fields of standing corn could constitute an important food resource for wild turkeys. Early work in Minnesota suggested that turkeys would use small fields of stubble or standing corn during the winter (Porter 1977b). This paper examines the hypothesis that small fields of standing corn (0.5-5.0 ha) placed near winter cover would enhance overwinter survival of 1 Research supported by National Institutes of Health Training Grant 5 T01 GM01779, The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Minnesota State Archery Association, and the Special Projects Committee of the Minnesota Big Game Club. 2 Present address: College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210. 456 J. Wildl. Manage. 44(2):1980 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Tue, 21 Jun 2016 05:18:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms EFFECTS OF FOOD PLOTS ON WILD TURKEYS. Porter et al. 457 turkeys. The paper is taken from a more general study of the ecology and behavior of the turkey in southeastern Minnesota (Porter 1978). We acknowledge D. B. Siniff, J. R. Tester, and H. B. Tordoff of the University of Minnesota; and H. Shepperd, R. Johnson, N. Gulden, and G. Meyer of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for support of this project. We thank B. Neil, P. Loegering, T. Keefe, P. Owicki, C. Hutchison, and K. Haroldson for field assistance.


The City has always exerted a pulsating fascination on the human mind. Aristotle sought to define it in terms of its organization, through the basic analogy with the individual and his body. Freud saw it as a metaphor of the individual's psyche, comparing the archeological layers of the city to the layered structure of the mind. Similarly, artists and writers have found in the city a prolific source of inspiration, time and again recreating and rendering it through their narrative and aesthetic discourses. And more than any other European city, the American city felt and reflected the driving forces of modernization that started in the late 19th century and greatly impacted the architecture and structure of the old city all over the world, turning it not only into a powerful seat of the money economy, but also into knot of multiple existences, experiences and discourses. Rendered narratively, the modern city then became similar to a palimpsest, a text of many texts and voices, disparate and interconnected at the same time. The present work attempts, therefore, to read this intertextual concoction that is the modern American city.


There was many writers of Great Han Ode after Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong, but none of them produced any works of great influence. Ban Gu in Eastern Han Dynasty brought it to the summit by producing "An Ode to Two Capilals" with exploitation of the theme and various approaches. However,changes and development of time,society,humanistic ideas and requirement of literature make the prosperous situation impossible. After Ban Gu,Great Han Ode began to decline.


Abstract Using place attachment theory, we test a conceptual model that postulates tourist motivation, overall attitude, and place attachment as significant predictors of tourists' intentions to recommend a destination. Existing studies fail to evaluate the influence of both motivation and overall attitude on place attachment. The conceptual model is tested on a sample of 275 domestic visitors to the island of Sardinia, Italy. The results show that motives such as socialization, novelty and learning, and escape and relaxation have positive relationships with overall attitude and place attachment. Both overall attitude and place attachment are significant predictors of intention to recommend. The findings have several theoretical and managerial implications for destination marketing and the development of place attachment.


Flake is a type of breakfast , ready meals  and golden brown with a crunchy texture. In general, flake were made from wheat flour or from starch tubers like tapioca starch. Pumpkin has  vitamin  A  and  high  fiber  content.  Therefore  flakes  may  be  added  starch  and  materials developers  Sodium  bicarbonate  (NaHCO3)  is  expected  to  assist  the  process  of  gelatinization perfectly  until the flakes produced  porous and crisp.This research aims to study the effect of the  proportion  of  pumpkin  and  tapioca  flour  with  the  addition  of  sodium  bicarbonate  to  the flakes  to  obtain  flake  with  acceptable  quality.  The  methods  are  factorial design which arranged completely randomized and each of two treatment combination was replicated three times. The first factor is the proportion of pumpkin flour: tapioca (60: 40: 65: 35: 70: 3;) g and the  second  factor  was  the  concentration  of  sodium  bicarbonate  (0.25,  0.50,  0.75)%.  The  best results  were  getted  with  the  proportion  of  pumpkin  flour:  tapioca  flour(65:  35)  g  with  the addition  of  0.50%  sodium  bicarbonate  to  produce  flakes  with  water  content  7.56%,  starch 43.23%, fiber 8.03%, β-carotene 33.74 μ g / g, 30.11% rehydration capacity and texture of 0.27  kg  /  cm,  while  the  method  of  ranking  organoleptic  texture  values  obtained  91  and  86 colors (highly preferred) and a sense of 71 (less preferable). Key word: Flakes, pumpkin, starch, tapioka, β karoten


The properties of butadiene–styrene copolymers and of polybutadiene–polystyrene blends were compared. Polybutadiene, polystyrene, and four copolymers having styrene contents of 20, 40, 60, and 80% were prepared. The copolymers were compared with blends having various styrene contents and prepared by means of latex blending and roll blending. Vulcanizates were prepared by three different curing methods, i.e., sulfur cure, peroxide cure, and radiation cure. The results of the benzene extraction of three vulcanizates showed that the polystyrene blended was not cured by any of the curing methods used. The properties of the vulcanizates of the copolymers were markedly different from those of the blends, i.e., in the case of the blends the properties showed a linear relationship with their blending ratio, while in the copolymers the properties showed a curvilinear relationship which had an inflection point at a styrene content of about 60%. From this phenomenon of the copolymers, it was proposed that the second-order transition point of styrene is the cause of the properties showing this peculiar point. From the results, it was found that the behavior of styrene in copolymers is essentially different from that in blends.


We show that the nonlinear second order differential equation \begin{equation*}(p(t)x')'+q(t)x = f(t,x,x'), \ \ t\geq t_0 \geq 0\end{equation*} where $p\in C([t_0,\infty),(0,\infty))$, $q\in C([t_0,\infty),\mathbb{R})$ and $f\in C([t_0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$  has monotone positive solutions with prescribed asymptotic behavior at $\infty$. Examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.


PurposeActivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in tumors leads to radiation resistance, and inhibition of this pathway radiosensitizes tumors in laboratory models. Several first-generation human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HPIs) inhibit Akt activation and are radiosensitizers. In order to validate a biomarker of Akt activity in anticipation of clinical trials using HPIs combined with radiotherapy, we sought to determine whether Akt activation was inhibited in leukocytes of HIV+ patients that were already taking these agents. Methods and MaterialsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ patients either taking radiosensitizing HPIs (nelfinavir, saquinavir, amprenavir) or not were analyzed by Western blotting for phospho-Akt. In order to determine whether these radiosensitizing HPIs increase the toxicity of radiotherapy, we performed a retrospective cohort study of HIV+ cancer patients treated with radiation and compared patients on radiosensitizing HPIs to controls not taking these agents. ResultsPatients taking these "active" radiosensitizing protease inhibitors had low levels of phospho-Akt compared to HIV+ patients taking either no medications or other anti-retroviral regimens. We found no significant differences in acute toxicities or in the ability to finish radiation treatment between 14 patients taking radiosensitizing HPIs and the 28 controls. ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the proof of principle that HPIs can inhibit Akt activation in patients taking normally prescribed anti-retroviral doses and are not associated with excessive toxicity. Radiosensitizing HPIs are excellent candidates for Phase I clinical trials as radiation sensitizers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used as a drug activity biomarker for Akt pathway inhibition.


Selective GaAs fine stripe structures, aligned along 〈011〉 direction, were grown by atmospheric‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using diethylgalliumchloride. The width of the (100) top surface of the triangle‐shaped selective epilayers could be changed from 0 to 25 nm by controlling the growth temperature, and was independent of the growth time. This phenomena can be explained by reevaporation enhancement effect of reactant species containing chloride and two‐dimensional nucleation.


Petroleum-derived products have dominated world manufacturing industries for decades but diminishing petroleum resources, volatile political environments in some of the major petroleum producing countries and environmental concerns have caused a paradigm shift. Today, significant resources are dedicated to the development of bioproducts from renewable sources. Research and development efforts to harness the unique chemical and physical properties of plants and microorganisms to produce ecologically benign products that outperform their non-renewable counterparts have accelerated. Current and potential markets for bioproducts are broad and include food ingredients, polymers, lubricants, solvents, adhesives, herbicides, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Ever-increasing consumer demand for "chemical free", "healthy" and "natural" foods have forced the food industry in particular to re-evaluate its use of conventional food ingredients and processing techniques and to adapt new and advanced production systems.


This paper reports an experiment in which the influence of time pressure, the social category of the target person, and emotional responses on impression formation and recognition memory was studied. It was hypothesized that under time pressure, subjects using their stereotype would process information about an outgroup target more easily than information about an ingroup target, would judge these targets more differentially, and would base their judgments of the outgroup target more on their attitudes than in a condition without time pressure. These hypotheses were to a large extent sustained. Results are discussed in terms of current models of impression formation and attitude functioning.


Disclosed is a biaxially oriented polyester film which exhibits high withstand voltage characteristics over a temperature range from room temperature to high temperature and is capable of maintaining the high withstand voltage characteristics after a long-term teat treatment. This biaxially oriented polyester film is suitable for electrical insulation. Specifically disclosed is a biaxially oriented polyester film for electrical insulation which is composed of at least one polyester layer. The at least one polyester layer contains a titanium compound as a catalyst and a radical scavenger stabilizer. The amount of the radical scavenger stabilizer contained therein is 1,000-50,000 ppm in weight relative to polyester, and the amount of the radical scavenger stabilizer chemically bonded to polyester is less than 200 ppm.


In Reply. —I appreciate the opportunity to comment on the letter from Dr Manthous suggesting that the "AMA's recommendations for dealing with the crisis of the medically uninsured fail to address many central health issues that will face our society in the next century." Not surprisingly, I disagree. Here's why. The AMA's proposal for system reform, Health Access America, is the most comprehensive proposal advanced to date. Among its 16 points, it provides for Medicaid reform, required employer insurance, Medicare reform, professional liability reform, repeal of mandated benefits, reduction of hassle factors, the implementation of professionally developed practice parameters and insurance underwriting reforms. Health Access America makes no attempt to blame anybody for past system failures. Rather, it starts with the system's strengths and works to aggressively attack the system's weaknesses. Manthous complains that we in the medical profession have "failed to police ourselves so the government has had to


. Big data technology, as one of the representative new technologies in the era of science and technology, is widely used in various fields. This paper focuses on the application of big data technology in the construction of convergence media, explains the main advantages of big data technology in detail, and discusses the main problems that need to be faced in the construction of convergence media one by one, summarizes relevant experience and gives targeted development suggestions, hoping to provide reasonable reference for workers in the same field.


In this paper, the ignition and development of a plasma created by pulsed surface wave discharges (PSWDs) was experimentally investigated using time-resolved imaging techniques and optical spectroscopy in helium at intermediate gas pressures between 5 and 50 Torr. We found that the ionization front moves at a few km s−1 during the ignition phase and decreases to hundreds of m s−1 after only some tens of µs. Once the plasma has reached a sufficient length, a standing wave pattern is observed in the light emission of the discharge. We attribute its formation to the reflection of the surface wave on the ionization front, which results in a pattern of nodes and antinodes. We have also determined the time and space evolution of the gas temperature. It is shown that the gas temperature increases from the room temperature value to a plateau at several hundreds of degrees over a short time (typically 100 µs). These results supports those obtained by light emission imaging and also show that the standing wave pattern does not affect the gas temperature.


The potassium salt 2 of 1,3,3-trimethyl-N-nitro-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-imine 1 reacted with bromine in acetic acid solution to give (1S,4S,5S)-5-bromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-N-nitro-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-imine 3. Bromination of the salt 2 in methanolic potassium hydroxide afforded a mixture of (1S,4S)-5,5-dibromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-N-nitro-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6E-and -6Z-imine 4 and 5, whose X-ray crystal-structure determinations allowed their absolute configurations to be established. Bromination of monobromide 3 under different conditions gave the dibromide 4, which was converted into isomer 5 by storage in chloroform solution. Nitrimine 3 reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide or piperidine to give (1S,4S,5S)-5-bromo- and -5-hydroxyamino-N-hydroxy-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-imine or (1S,4S,5S)-N-hydroxy-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-(piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-imine. Reaction of compound 3 with aliphatic and aromatic primary amines afforded N-substituted (1S,4S,5S)-5-bromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-imines. Reduction of compound 3 with sodium cyanoborohydride gave (1S,4S,5S)-5-bromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-N-mtro-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-amine, whereas consecutive treatment with potassium hydroxide and aq. hydrochloric acid afforded the less stable isomer (1S,4S)-5-bromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-N-nitro-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-6-amine.


This study was carried out to analyze the tillering profile of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies (time necessary to intercept 90 and 95% of the incoming light) and two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm) in the period from November 2005 to October 2006. The experimental design was of completely randomized blocks with three replications, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. At the end of the spring, pastures managed with 90% light interception showed greater tiller appearance rates in relation to pastures managed with 95%, regardless of post-grazing height. In the summer and fall, pastures managed with post-grazing height of 30 cm showed higher tiller appearance rates in comparison with pastures managed at 50 cm, regardless of grazing frequency. Concerning the tiller mortality rates, in the summer, higher values were found for pastures managed at 90/50 and 95/30 (interception/height), intermediate values at 90/30 and lower values in those managed at 95/50. Pastures managed at 90/30, 95/30 and 95/50 in the fall presented greater tiller mortality rates than those managed at 90/50. These differences do not occur in the winter/beginning of spring. The stability index remained above 1 all through the experimental period. All management strategies evaluated are adequate for Guinea grass.


C33Ha606.0.5C4H9Br is trigonal, P3121, with a = 13.620 (8), c -30.075 (26)/~; Z = 6; Dr,, = 1.192 Mg m -3, # = 0.719 mm-k Final R = 0.081 for 2286 reflections at 125 K. The structure was determined by direct methods in space group P31. The geometry of the host structure is consistent with space group P3~21 whereas the Hamilton test favours space group P3 r The structure of the guest molecule and its axially disordered orientation within the cavity are discussed.


With its strong presence in Les Rougon-Macquart, architecture is questioned in all its novelistic potentialities, from its ability to structure the characters' environment to its soothing durability in an incessantly changing world. Indeed, while being firstly destined to openness and verticality, Zola's architectural enterprise is shown to be condemned to a collapsing and a leveling both in terms of the story's events and in terms of the narration and description. In fact, the recurrent visual wasting away of architectural objects liken Zola's writing not only to impressionism, but also to pictorial abstraction, the ultimate manifestation of the fleeting sentiment that haunts the characters of Les Rougon-Macquart.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrous synchrony between donor and the recipient, the quality and the freezability status (fresh or frozen) of the embryo on the pregnancy rate in bovine recipients. The work was performed during two years in an embryo transfer (ET) center, located in the city of Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ninety Aberdeen Angus cows were submitted to superovulation (SOV) protocols, resulting in 1.097 ET. The SOV protocol was initiated ten days after the heat detection of donors and the embryos collection was performed, on average, seven days later. The heat of recipients was also observed and on the day of ET, the animals which showed closest synchrony with donors were selected. Thus, 11 groups were formed, with intervals of 6 h, from - 30 to + 30 h, regarding recipient versus donor heat detection. The evaluation of embryos quality followed the proposed by IETS (1998), as grade I- Excellent; II- Regular; III- Poor; IV- Dead or Degenerated. The analysis was performed with the GLM package of the R software, through logistic regression models. The occurrence or not of pregnancy was analyzed as binomial dependent variable. For all the analyses, the significance was considered when P 0.05). The embryo qualityaffected the pregnancy rate: Grade I, 58%; Grade II, 56%; and, Grade III, 44% of pregnancy (P<0.001). As well as the embryo state affected the pregnancy rate, 84% for fresh embryo and 16% for frozen embryo (P=0.04). Embryo Grade III had 43% less likelihood of pregnancy than Grade I. Also, frozen embryos had 37% less chance of pregnancy than fresh embryo. The synchrony between donor and recipient, considering ± 30 hours interval did not affect the pregnancy rate. However, the embryo quality and state (fresh or frozen) affected the pregnancy rate.


Introduction 1. Theorizing about Black Practical Consciousness in the United States and United Kingdom 2. Industrial Modernity, Du Boisian Double Consciousness Post-Industrialism, Postmodernity/Post-Structuralism and Intersectionality 3. Phenomenological Structuralism 4. A Phenomenological Structural Constitution of Modern Society: "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" 5. Subject Constitution Within the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism of Industrial and Postindustrial Capitalism 6. The Constitution of Black America Within the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism 7. The Constitution of Black British Life Within the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism 8. The African-Americanization of the Black Diaspora in Globalization or the Contemporary Capitalist World-System 9. Conclusions


Applying the method of the total probability decomposition technique and the Laplace transform tool,the M/G/1 queueing system with min(N,V)-policy based on multiple server vacations which N is a predefined threshold that the server immediately interrupts his vacation is studied,and the transient queue length distribution from the beginning of the any initial state is discussed.We obtain both the recursion expressions of the Laplace-transformation of the transient queue length distribution and the recursion expressions of the steady state queue length distribution.Meanwhile,we present the explicit expression of the additional queue length distribution.Furthermore,we discuss some special cases,such as the vacation time has an exponential distribution or P{V=T}=1,and N=1 or N→∞,and P{V=0}=1 or P{V=∞ }=1,respectively.Finally,by numerical examples,we illustrate the important value of the expression of the steady state queue length distribution for calculating conveniently in the system capacity design.


Objective To observe the effect of reinforcing earth to strengthen metal on TNF-α /NF-κB signaling pathw ay diversification in rats spleen-deficency in bronchial asthma,the relationship of airw ay mucus hypersecretion formation signal transduction mechanism and the effective mechanism of reinforcing earth to strengthen metal w ere explored. Methods 50 healthy male Wistar rats w ere randomly divided into 5 groups: control group,spleen deficiency asthma group,asthma group,spleen deficiency asthma treatment group,asthma treatment group,10 rats in each group. Concentration of TNF-α in serum and BALF w as detected by ELISA,and expression and nucleation translocation ratio of NF-κBp65 w as detected by immunohistochemistry too. Results TNF-α levels in BALF and NF-κBp65 expression in bronchial epithelial cells of rat w ere significantly increased in spleen deficiency asthma group and asthma group. Compared w ith the control group,spleen deficency asthma group and asthma group had significant difference( P 0. 01). TNF-α in serum and BALF show ed no significant difference betw een spleen deficiency asthma group and asthma group. Compared w ith asthma group,into nucleation rate of NF-κBp65 in rat bronchial epithelial cells of spleen deficiency asthma group increased significantly( P 0. 01). Compared w ith spleen deficiency asthma group,TNF-α in serum or BALF and into nucleation rate of NF-κBp65 significantly reduced in spleen deficiency asthma treatment group( P 0. 01). Compared w ith asthma group,TNF-α in serum or BALF and into nucleation rate of NF-κBp65 significantly reduced in asthma treat-ment group( P 0. 01). Conclusions TNF-α in serum or BALF in spleen deficency asthma or asthma rat and into nucleation rate of NF-κBp65 in spleen deficency asthma or asthma rat's lung tissue can be significantly reduced by the effect of reinforcing earth to strengthen metal.


Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the leafhopper Chlorotettix nigromaculatus was described in this study. The circular molecule is 15,011 bp in length (GenBank accession no. MK234840), consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a putative control region. The base composition values for the mitogenome were 42.4, 13.3, 10.4, and 33.9% for A, C, G, and T, respectively. All the 22 tRNAs have the typical cloverleaf structures, except for trnS1 which lacked the dihydrouridine arm. All the 13 PCGs initiated with ATN codons and most of them terminated with TAG or TAA codons, whereas cox2, nad1, and nad4 used a single T residue. The rrnL and rrnS genes were 1220 and 745 bp in length, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs showed that C. nigromaculatus was clustered with six Deltocephalinae species, which was consistent with the conventional classification.


Italian contemporary artist Mimmo Paladino is the representative of the Italian Trance-avant-garde art painter.His works include paintings,sculpture and installation art.He combines a wide range of cultural and artistic styles,return to representational paintings.Paladino use vivid image in the concept of re-combinations on the expression of survival and death of the composite image.


We demonstrate NAND and NOR operation through nonlinear etalon embedding multiple quantum wells semiconductor saturable absorber. The cavity is designed to exhibit an inverse saturable absorber behavior. The device is passive, compact, and polarization independent.


The research on non-cooperative multiuser multiple-input multiple-output with space-time block code (MIMO-STBC) communication systems is a challenging and important task. However, to our knowledge, there is little report of this topic. Being two key research issues in this area, modulation classification and user number detection are studied in this paper. We consider both problems jointly as a multiple hypothesis testing problem. Based on this idea, we propose a joint modulation classification and user number detection algorithm for the multiuser MIMO-STBC systems. The proposed method does not require prior knowledge of the propagation channel or noise power, and thus might be suitable for the non-cooperative scenario. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The construction of college-community Party construction interaction mechanism will not only serve as the better platform for undergraduate Party construction,but also benefit the utilization of college resources to promote the Party construction in the communities.The paper analyzes and explores ways to build up such interaction mechanism.


With services overburdened, healthcare professionals are having to decide who should receive treatment. Dave Archard says this is no excuse for wandering blindly into discrimination, but Arthur Caplan argues age is a valid criterion when supported by data


Based upon analysis of the errors encountered in estimate and final account practical methods are proposed for correction.Correction of the errors in estimate and finial account provides good assurance for determination of engineering cost and the realization of objective(management).


Free and forced vibration analysis of two-directional functionally graded sandwich (2D-FGSW) beams using a shear deformable finite element formulation is presented. The beams considered in this paper consists of three layers, a homogeneous ceramic core, and two functionally graded skin layers. Material properties of the skin layers are supposed to vary in both the thickness and length directions by power gradation laws. Based on a refined shear deformation beam theory, in which the transverse displacement is split into bending and shear parts, a novel finite element formulation is derived and employed in the analysis. Natural frequencies and dynamic response to a harmonic load of the beams with various boundary conditions are computed, and the influence of the material distribution and the layer thickness ratio on the vibration characteristics of the beams is highlighted. Numerical results reveal that the variation of the material properties in the longitudinal direction has a significant influence on the vibration behavior of the beams, and FGSW beams can be designed to achieve desired vibration characteristics by appropriate selection of material grading indexes.


The Middle East is a victim of civilian contacts. Under the current conditions, the question arises of rationalizing the investment strategy of the post-war development of the countries of the region that have managed to overcome this crisis. In the article this problem is considered on the example of Syria. A rational way of multiplicative stimulation of the development of the country's economy is proposed, based on the approach of J. M. Keynes. This approach consists in choosing the most favorable conditions for investment. According to the results of research at this point (industry) was ferrous metallurgy. At the initial stage of the post-war reconstruction of the republic, it can come out with a locomotive. The optimal configuration and place for the construction of a production metallurgical cluster that provides the market with the most popular types of metal products: 1 million tons per year of hot-rolled sheet (1-12.5 mm), 150 thousand tons of galvanized sheet per year (0.2-2, 5 mm), 200 thousand tons per year of shaped steel (2-8 mm), 50 thousand tons per year of galvanized shaped steel (0.7-3 mm). The functioning of the cluster will provide Syria with sheets and fittings, will contribute to the development of engineering and other sectors of the economy, will lead to an increase in the country's GDP by 4.5% and a reduction in government debt payments by $ 532.5 million per year.


This paper asks how craft practice can inform historical reconsiderations of handicraft produced within a humanitarian socio-economic framework (to support humanitarian aims or fund-raising initiatives), and in turn explores how historical processes become materialised in contemporary humanitarian craftwork. By considering the possibilities for practice-based methods, this paper proposes the utility of involvement in craft-making processes for historians of humanitarianism. At the same time, this gives rise to a multiplicity of concerns for a contemporary craft practitioner undertaking a form of creative expression identifiable by its humanitarian purpose. It is therefore a helpful corrective to the temptation to think that experiments are innovations. Looking at early attempts in history we see a practice mirrored, not in the results, but in the process of working in a humanitarian mode of craft-based practice.


The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between institutional rationale in balanced scorecard adoption and the performance of state corporations of Kenya. The research design employed in this study was an explanatory cross-sectional survey design. The research population consisted of 96 managers of state corporations in Kenya. Structured questionnaires containing closed-ended questions were administered using the drop and pick method. A total of 92 questionnaires were returned representing a response rate of 96%. Statistically, this was large enough to render the results permissible and acceptable as a representation of the entire population. The results indicated that institutional rationale in balanced scorecard adoption is a good predictor of organizational performance of state corporations of Kenya supported by (F=8.824, p<0.001). Further, institutional rationale and organizational performance had a positive and significant relationship (B=0.517, p<0.001.


Several synthesis methods for m-out-of-n bit-voting networks are described, and the costs of the resultant designs are compared. In the special case of majority voting (with gate count used as the cost index), it is shown that a multiplexer-based design method yields the best realizations for small n, while designs based on selection networks are most efficient when n is large. Other design techniques are offered that might be more efficient with particular technologies or when certain standard building blocks are to be used in the hardware realization. Most of these designs can be extended to the general case of unequal vote weights (weighted voting).<<ETX>>


In early 2005, Santa Clara Valley Water District (District) staff discovered low pressure (~5 psi, or 35 kPa) groundwater leaking into a RCCP section of 66" (168 cm) high pressure pipeline under a major freeway embankment in downtown San Jose. The leak was discovered during an internal eddy current inspection on adjacent PCCP sections of the pipe. Although it had not been detected externally or deemed obvious from modest changes in system flows, leakage from the pipeline during normal operation was a big concern as the pipe operates at 177 psi (1220 kPa). If the leak worsened, it could have undermined the Highway 87 freeway embankment and impacted use of the freeway, caused a major outage in the District water supply system, and posed a major threat to public safety. Investigation showed that the leak occurred in an area under a surcharge embankment, at a joint located between a horizontal and vertical thrust block, where consolidation had been expected and factored into the design. The situation was complicated by construction changes which impacted joint performance; these changes were not adequately recorded on the as-built drawings. Localized deflection/rotation exceeded the design tolerances, leading to a leak at a gasketed joint. External geotechnical investigations showed modest void-space below but not next to the pipeline in this area; it's not clear if these voids were caused solely by consolidation and local pipe movement or by the leakage from the pipe, or a combination of factors. Settlement records strongly suggested that primary settlement due to embankment construction had stabilized. With a basic understanding of the mechanism involved in this failure, staff was able to confidently complete the repairs and put the pipe back into service. Repairs included: installation of flexible Weko-Seals at the two joints of concern; welding of patches on the holes drilled in the 66" (168 cm) pipe to investigate the voids; grouting of the voids below the pipe; patching of cement-mortar lining; and installation of a new precast vault for improved access. This experience produced a number of major "lessons learned" which will help District staff and others in the future.


On a stepped spillway, the steps contribute to some dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy, while free-surface aeration can be very intense. The aim of this study is to investigate the two-phase flow properties on a gabion stepped spillway, including both free-surface and seepage flows, as well as the bubbly flow interactions at the gabion interface. Detailed measurements were conducted in a relatively large-size gabion stepped chute model. Using a combination of high-speed video movies and phase-detection probe measurements, the aeration processes in the step cavities and within the gabions were documented. The observations showed some very strong air-water interactions between seepage and step cavity flows. The results indicated a high level of interactions between two-phase seepage and cavity flows.


People are living longer and longer lives, leading to more people in need of health care aid, either in a nursing home or in the individual's home. With the increasing percentage of the population in need of home care, society will need to find new methods to provide the health care that people need. In order to meet the increasing public demand for health care, more of the health care industry has to be automated. Traditional surveillance systems often utilize cameras. The operation of a camera surveillance system requires someone watching the camera feed. In order to make such a system cost efficient, it is safe to assume that the person monitoring the camera feed is monitoring more than one camera feed. This master thesis focuses on an alternative kind of surveillance which does not monitor people by cameras, but by an Ambient Assisted Living System [14] called TRIO [2]. The TRIO system requires a steady stream of input data in the form of positions of the person it is monitoring to work. We are exploring if we can use radars as the data input source for TRIO. More specifically we are exploring short range impulse radars designed and manufactured by Novelda [4]. The use of a radar as a source for positional data removes the need for interaction between the monitored person and TRIO. This makes the system usable for people with limited cognitive abilities, for instance, dementia or Alzheimer's disease. The TRIO system monitors a person and calculates the risk associated with the persons movements over time. The risk calculations are done by using contextual data from both the position of the monitored person and time passed. The main goal of TRIO is to alert health personnel if the calculated risk is too high. We make it clear through experiments that the tested Novelda safety radar can not be used in the development of logical sensors and risk functions at this time. This is due to the inaccuracy of the positional data produced by the radar. In this thesis, we have identified a weakness in the implementation of the contexts zone and period of day (POD). An apartment is divided into zones, where each room in the apartments is one zone. To add more context, the TRIO system has divided the time span of a day into different time spaces called a period of day. The current implementation of these contexts is lacking the possibility of using nested and overlapping PODs and zones. We have designed, implemented and verified a solution for POD, and discussed possible solution for zone implementation.


Undue influence is a kind of system to affirm the validity of contract,which derived from equity and based on the principle of justice.As for the composing and holding of undue influence,Britain and the United States have their own feature.Although undue influence is absent from the active law of China,it has important values for us to use for reference when we treat the similar legal cases.


Dear Reader: We are interested in your opinions on the critical issues of Engineering Management that are gaining importance in industry, acadernia, and government. Since this TRANSACTIONS provides guidance for both researchers and practitioners in encouraging research studies and disseminating results, we would like to develop proactive strategies to identify future needs and establish guidelines to satisfy those needs. It is in this spirit that we are asking for your comments and suggestions. Please take a few minutes from your busy schedule to respond to the following survey instrument and return it to the editor by April 30, 1986. Please note that the survey can either be used as a self-mailer, or can be copied and mailed to address on reverse side. Thank you.


Studies were made of the effects of multiple sublethal doses of total-body X-irradiation (six weekly exposures of 200 R each) on the subsequent appearance of tumors in female mice fed either highly purified diets or a natural food stock ration. Six months after the first X-ray exposure, mice fed the purified diets showed a markedly higher incidence of a number of tumors (lymphosarcoma of the mandibular lymph nodes, lymphosarcoma of the thymus, uterine adenocarcinoma, Harderian gland adenocarcinoma, and others) over that of similarly X-irradiated mice fed the stock ration. Nonirradiated mice of similar age fed identical diets were virtually free of such tumors. The protective factor or factors in the natural food stock ration is apparently distinct from any of the known nutrients.


Mass disturbances of"non-direct interest conflict"are rooted in interest conflicts.The transforming logic from public opinion to public sentiment to public anger and to conflict features the possible inelasticity of grassroot governments in terms of governing idea,function orientation,institutional improvement,management style,and governance capacity.The grass-root governments need to build a service-oriented government to promote social harmonious development,to construct basic-level governance network,to establish a new order of win-win cooperation of governance body,to improve emergency management mechanism and the ability of handling crisis,so as to prevent and mitigate from the source mass disturbances of "non-direct interest conflicts".


The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and legislation make provision for public participation in policy making and implementation in South Africa. Although there are indications that South Africans are utilising the opportunities offered by the Constitution and legislation in this regard, authors such as Buccus questions the efficacy of public participation. In this article, it is argued that effective public participation is an imperative for sustainable democracy and effective service delivery. Within the South African context, the efficacy of public participation and its role in service delivery are discussed. Furthermore, the article suggests that civic awareness and continuous control in policy making and implementation could contribute towards sustainable democracy and effective service delivery.


Abstract The paper describes the CO 3 AUVs - Cooperative Cognitive Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles - European Commission Project. This is seventh Framework Programme STREP project under the theme: Information and Communication Technologies Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics. The project started in December 2008. After an overview of the project objectives and consortium composition, the paper describes the project activities.


The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the issues of safety risks and contains the definition of basic terms, an overview of current both European and national legislation concerning OHS (Occupational Health and Safety), spheres of safety risks, ways to identify risks, the evaluation of the extent of possible risks and a description of ways to reduce the risks. The practical part of the thesis presents the structure of the technical services of the town and as part of the safety analysis of risks the identification of assets and threats is carried out. For the safety analysis the FMEA is used. The measures to reduce the influence of safety risks to the third party are prepared on the basis of the outcome of the analysis.


We study the phase transitions and critical behaviors of the two-leg dimerized XXZ ladders by extensive Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis. For the Heisenberg model on the staggered ladder, we verify that the phase transition between the two topological phases belongs to the four-state Potts universality class; for the XY case (), the phase diagram is similar to the Heisenberg case, but the critical behavior belongs to a new universality class; for the Ising case (), we find three topological phases, in which one of them has both the topological orders and the local magnetic order; the two phase transitions associated with these phases also belong to the Ising universality class. On the columnar ladder, we have not found any phase transition for all the three cases. Furthermore, we find that the magnetic field can also induce phase transitions for both the staggered and columnar models, and the topological phases are in certain magnetic plateaux. For the staggered model, we study the phase transition associated with the plateau of zero magnetization; we find that the critical behavior of the string order parameter belongs to the 2D classical Ising model, and the scaling behavior of the uniform magnetization is different from the Dzhaparidze–Nersesyan–Pokrovsky–Talapov universality class. For the columnar model, we study the phase transition associated with the plateau whose magnetization is half of the saturation value, which has fractional quantized Berry phase; in this case, the conventional string order parameters are not applicable as order parameters, we determine the critical point of this phase transition by the scaling behavior of the uniform magnetization which is also different from the Dzhaparidze–Nersesyan–Pokrovsky–Talapov universality class.


Multiple mating and its effects on fecundity and fertility in the female bean bug Reptortus clavatus (Thunberg) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Multiply mated females showed higher fecundity and fertility than singly mated females, suggesting that natural selection may favor multiple mating in R. clavatus females. However, females were unwilling to remate for 15-20 d after 1st mating, indicating that remating may be costly to females. Nearly 50% (24/50) of singly mated females exhausted most sperm from their seminal receptacles (spermathecae) by 28 d after beginning to oviposit and began laying infertile eggs, but their fertility recovered after remating. These results support the hypothesis that females remate to replenish an inadequate sperm supply if absence of stored sperm outweighs the cost of remating in terms of higher productivity.


Clinicians often see a recurrent miscarriage caused by isthmic cervical incompetence. Today, obstetric pessaries and surgical sutures are widely used to correct cervical incompetence during pregnancy. The occurrence rate of this abnormality continues to rise, which emphasizes the need to diagnose and correct cervical incompetence prior to the upcoming pregnancy. In the available literature there is little information about the «hidden» defects of the cervix that can lead to miscarriage in the I-III trimesters of pregnancy. Here we present a case of two different pregnancy outcomes in a single patient with cervical incompetence before and after surgical correction of the cervix by the LASH procedure. The present case supports the importance of surgical correction of cervical incompetence in non-pregnant women.


To improve the life characteristics of the cathode ray tube (CRT) with an electron-reflecting coating (ERC) on the shadow mask, the chemical and thermal behaviors of ERC were studied during the CRT manufacturing process. The ERC, being a mixture of Bi2O3 powder and water glass, reacted with CO2 of the air to form carbonates such as bismuth oxy carbonate (Bi2O2CO3) and alkali carbonate (K2CO3) when the ERC was kept in room air. During the subsequent baking process these carbonates partly decomposed to bismuth silicates such as Bi12SiO20. The carbonates remaining after the manufacturing process caused the CO2 and H2O gases to be released from the ERC during the CRT operation. The lifetime of the cathode in the CRT was found to be related inversely to the relative amount of carbonates present in the ERC. For achieving a longer lifetime of the CRT, it is necessary to reduce the carbonates in the ERC by controlling the humidity in room air during the manufacturing process.


This article develops the idea of an investment development path, which relates net foreign direct investment to per capita income, for Portugal. A novel form of relationship between investment and development is proposed, based on empirical evidence for 1943-1996. This is supported by an analysis of Portuguese conditions, which suggest that the investment development path is substantially influenced not only by government policy but also by external political events, such as Portugal's accession to the European Economic Community, European Union integration and the fall of the Berlin wall, the latter bringing Central and Eastern European countries to the fore as locational competitors for inward investment.


This document describe an data encryption specification which is based
on random bytes selection of data and random key generation. This
encryption process accepts variable input and the key size is
dependent on the input data. This encryption process does not depend
upon any 128 or 256 fixed block encryption. The mechanism for
encryption is simpler to implement, but gives key complexity of more
than 256 bit encryption.


In this paper we present a new Web-based application for registering multi-sensor satellite images for image fusion operations. It is a distributed processing system which offers automatic or semi-automatic image registration and it is intended to provide a service to the Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) users through the GeoConnections Discovery Portal, formerly CEONet. It will be also provided on the web page of A.U.G. Signals Ltd.(www.augsignals.com) which will be connected to CEONet and CGDI. This innovative technology of A.U.G. Signals has all the advantages of current registration techniques, plus is can estimate reference (control) points automatically at high degree of accuracy and with zero false alarms. Users who apply existing remote sensing software tools, such as PCI or IDL/ENVI, with geo-referenced points for registration, may employ the A.U.G. Signals software to further improve the registration accuracy of their images. Geo-referenced control points may also be used with the proposed software. The proposed service is expected to evolve and expand other distributed processing initiatives of current interest, such as the emerging GRID technologies under development in United States and Europe and the Canadian high-speed network CA*Net3 and be part of the US OGC Web based Initiative.


We describe the external morphology of tadpoles of Ansonia longidigita Inger, 1960, A. minuta Inger, 1960, and A.
platysoma Inger, 1960 from East Malaysia, Borneo. Specimens were collected from small to medium-sized streams with
swift current in Sarawak State. Tadpole identities were confirmed by matching tadpole genetic sequences (16S mtRNA)
to sequences from adult toads from the same collection sites. Among the three species, A. minuta appears to prefer the
strongest current and was collected from fast-flowing waters in association with boulders. Ansonia longidigita larvae
inhabit more moderate currents than sympatric A. platysoma. Species microhabitat choices are reflected in their body
shape, with A. minuta and A. platysoma being more streamlined than A. longidigita. Colour photos of live specimens and
a key to the known Bornean Ansonia tadpoles are provided to facilitate field identification.


Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis was carried out on two different oil shales and sub-bituminous coal in order to evaluate effects of the fuel properties and compare the reaction characteristics. The samples and their chars after the devolatilization were heated up to 900 °C at a constant heating rate of 10 K/min under inert and oxidizing atmospheres, respectively. Experimental results exhibit distinct behaviour between the samples for both pyrolysis and char oxidation processes. Pyrolysis of oil shale occurs in two temperature regimes corresponding to its organic and mineral degradation, and mineral matter plays important roles on production of the residual char at the second pyrolysis stage and its reactivity to the subsequent char oxidation. Kinetic analysis was performed using the global one- and multi-step models with n-th order reaction mechanism. Organic devolatilization processes of coal and oil shale are analyzed by three- and two-step models, respectively, however mineral degradation of oil shale and char oxidation are analyzed by one-step model. Finally, a reasonable fit to the experimental data can be achieved for all the samples and their chars at different atmospheres. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


The existence of a formal professional organization is one of the characteristics of a profession (Cruess & Cruess, 1997; Greenwood, 1957; Pugh, 1989). Professional organizations advance and disseminate specialized knowledge and information by publishing journals, newsletters, and other materials. They provide opportunities for continuing education and professional development, such as conferences and workshops, and offer prospects for networking among members. Professional organizations advocate for members on issues such as licensure and funding (Pope, 2004), and they "influence public policy and inform the public within their areas of expertise" (Cruess & Cruess, 1997, p. 1675). Professional organizations may also assume responsibility for the development and dissemination of a professional code of ethics. In the case of counseling, and specialties under the counseling umbrella, professional organizations at local, state, and national levels perform these functions for the membership. Regarding membership in professional associations, VanZandt (1990) observed, "It is difficult to see how a counselor can 'grow' with the profession without belonging to professional organizations and taking advantage of their resources and services" (p. 244). This sentiment was echoed by Spruill and Benshoff (1996), who noted, "Evidence of professionalism includes active participation and leadership in professional organizations" (p. 468). Members of professional organizations have opportunities to contribute to their organizations in various ways. Some seek leadership positions in the organizations, whereas others influence the leadership of organizations through the power of their votes. Organizations also have various committees, boards, councils, state organizations, and special interest groups in which members may choose to participate (Dodgen, Fowler, & Williams-Nickelson, 2003). * Membership Rates Membership in professional organizations in the United States peaked in the 1970s; since then, most organizations have had a decrease in the percentage of members of a profession who join their professional associations (Putnam, 2000). For counselors, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS; n.d.) indicates that 526,000 individuals were employed as counselors in 2002, the most recent year for which data are available (Note. All statistics are "current" for the time that this article was written.) At the time this article was written, membership in the American Counseling Association (ACA) was 43,869 (R. A. Sites, personal communication, February 18, 2005). Although the discrepancy in years (2002 vs. 2005) for the data I have used weakens the comparison to some degree, the rate (approximately 8%) suggests that only a small proportion of counselors are members of their national professional organization. Given the expense of professional memberships, it might be that counselors are more likely to join the divisions of ACA that reflect the specialties with which counselors identify. The BLS indicated that there were 122,000 persons employed as rehabilitation counselors in 2002; 2005 membership in the American Rehabilitation Counseling Association (ARCA) was 740 (R. A. Sites, personal communication, February 18, 2005), a minuscule percentage. For mental health counselors, 85,000 were listed by the BLS; membership for the American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA) was 6,000 (L. Moreno, personal communication, February 17, 2005), a rate of about 7%. Substance abuse counselors accounted for 67,000 positions in 2002, with a membership in the International Association of Addictions and Offender Counselors (IAAOC) of 921 (R. A. Sites, personal communication, February 18, 2005). BLS data showed 23,000 marriage and family therapists, with membership in the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (IAMFC) at 2,344 (R. A. Sites, personal communication, February 18, 2005), yielding an approximate membership rate of 10%. …


In this work we report on the growth of cubic silicon carbide using CBr4 and silane as precursors at different C3H8/CBr4 flow ratios. The layers were deposited on 2'' (001) Si wafers by means of the VPE technique in a horizontal cold-wall reactor with induction heating. The growths were performed at atmospheric pressure, in H2 atmosphere and involved several steps: Si thermal etching; carburisation; epitaxial growth. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the film morphology and defects and correlate them with the gas phase composition. Results show that the addition of CBr4 to the standard SiH4 and C3H8 precursor can change the crystalline nature and the morphology of the grown SiC.


Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) is now recognized as a complex systemic disease that is associated with substantial morbidity. Most patients will recover spontaneously or after acute-phase management, but clinicians and some patients are now faced with long-term complications. PACS is characterized by persistent symptoms and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. These symptoms are frequently seen and are not limited to those patients who have experienced the most severe forms of COVID-19 (1-3).


Neural networks and many other systems used for classification and approximation are not able to handle symbolic attributes directly. A method of replacing the symbolic values of attributes by numerical values is described here. The probabilistic Value Difference Metric (VDM) and similar functions used in the Nearest-Neighbor algorithms in most cases work better than functions that can handle only numerical attributes. Such metric functions may be directly applied to symbolic data. Our method is based on converting the symbolic attribute values into an array of conditional probabilities of getting each output class given the attribute that has a particular symbolic value. Benchmark tests on artificial and real datasets compare standard approach of converting symbolic features into numbers, which is often performed without any justification, to a method proposed in this paper.


The complexity of today's embedded and cyber-physical systems is rapidly increasing and makes the consideration of higher levels of abstraction during the design process inevitable. In this context, the impact of modeling languages such as UML and its profiles such as MARTE is growing. Here, CCSL provides a formal description of timing constraints which have to be enforced on the considered system. This builds the basis for many further design steps and can be used e. g. for checking the consistency of the specification, for code generation, or for proving whether the time constraints have correctly been implemented at lower abstraction levels. However, most of the approaches available thus far usually focus on sole design tasks only - often even without an explicit consideration of the system's functional behavior. In this work, we are aiming for overcoming this drawback by providing a method to automatically generate a generic representation of a set of clock constraints in terms of a transition relation. Afterwards, the resulting transition relation can easily be utilized for the above mentioned design tasks. A discussion on the applicability of the generic description as well as an exemplary evaluation shows the promise of the proposed generic representation.


As of the 500th anniversary of the Religious Reform, many people agree that there is a need of another reform in the Korean church and theology. This paper deals with the reformation that we need through an investigation of the most famous reform in the Old Testament - Josiah's religious reform, and studies the nature and content of his reform, and the lessons and implications that it gives us today. First, Josiah had the Book of the Law functioning as a driving force of his reform. He presented the Book with his ideology to the people through the process by which they are willing to follow. The reformers in the 16th century also followed almost the same pattern by presenting the Bible translated into their comtemporary languages, claiming 'sola scriptura' that is the basis of the reformed Christianity. In this way, they proposed their religious and spiritual ideology of the reform. The Korean church and theology should keep this in mind. Especially, the tradition of highly regarding the Bible should be preserved. Second, Josiah embraced and subsumed diverse social groups for the reform. In the diverse society of the post-modern age, the Korean church should embrace the diversity in order to achieve successful transformation. Unlike John Huss and Savonarola, Luther could be successful in the reform, because there were supporting groups from peasants to nobles. Third, Josiah made a covenant with the whole Judean people in the process of the reform, which assured their support to the reform. Through the covenant, Josiah well prepared for the future, and the reform was inherited to the future generations. As a result, his reform remains as one of the major events in the Old Testament even after twenty five hundred years. Reformation is a long-term process, and really essential is the preparation for the future. Without the preparation for the future, any reformation would end up with a failure. Thus, the Korean church should prepare for the future beyond the reform of our generation.


This is a study of the French language as it is used in the western part of Switzerland, and more particularly the Vaudois dialect used in the Canton of Vaud. One aim is to provide a description of ...


The initial release of the codes, to be used for the SophiaBeads Dataset Project.

The codes are essential to work with the SophiaBeads Dataset. The release contains scripts for loading the dataset, pre-reconstruction steps, and a reconstruction algorithm (cgls_XTek) as a template.

More information about this release can be found on the GitHub project page.

SophiaBeads Dataset Project: https://zenodo.org/record/16474


For some time steroid chemists have known that small chemical changes in steroid molecules may have profound effects on the biological activity of a compound. For example, a double bond inserted in the cortisone molecule greatly increases its biological activity as a-1, cortisone (meticorten). Likewise, removal of a methyl group from progesterone increases its biological activity, e.g., norprogesterone (Nor-signifying that something has been removed). In 1954 a group of investigators decided to try to increase the progestational activity of ethinyl testosterone (pregneninolone), a known potent oral progestogen, by removing this same methyl group. They succeeded in synthesizing this compound and a closely related one.' These compounds are known as the 19-nortestosterones (testosterone with a methyl group removed from the 19 position). Early evaluation of these compounds disclosed that the predicted increase in progestational activity was present.'1 Since 1954 a considerable amount of pertinent information has been published concerning these products. It is the purpose of this paper to review the literature on these preparations and to summarize the pharmacological and physiological findings to date. There are four compounds to be considered:


The aim of the research is to investigate the use of marketing techniques by Fidelity Bank of Nigeria plc as well as to find out the marketing strategies used so far for the company's business operations. Two hypotheses were tested, to know if there is no significant relationship between marketing strategies and banks profitability. Another was tested to know if, there is no significant positive relationship between loan, advance (LA) and earnings per share (EPS). Some facts were also review in the literature like the relevant of strategic issues in service marking, methods of developing the strategic marketing mix among others. After an in – depth study in the impact of marketing strategies on the industrial service of Fidelity Bank of Nigeria plc, 200 questionnaire were administered and returned valid. Furthermore, oral interviews on the use of library and internet materials were conducted. The respondents were selected purposively from a population of Bankers, Retails and corporate customers in Maiduguri Metropolis. The data collected were presented in table of frequencies and simple percentages, while chi-square (x 2 ) was used to test the hypotheses. After the hypotheses have been tested it revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between marketing strategies and bank profitability. It also tested that there is significant positive relationship between loans, Advance (LA) and Earning per share (EPS). On the basis of these findings, it recommended among others that Banks should embark on marketing research from time to time. This is because effective marketing strategies are a product of marketing research. In adopting marketing strategies, Bank should also compares different company's strategies and access the success and failure of such strategies in the industry, in addition banks are encourage to be more customers focused and embrace relationship marketing rather than transaction marketing.


Due to the arising problems with using static passwords, there is a strong need of implementing more secure protocols for authentication. The One-Time Password protocol is implementation for two-factor authentication; the two factors being something you own (a token) and something you know (PIN). This paper presents an open algorithm for OTP and implements a clientserver system for secure OTP authentication. The implemented system is fullblown authentication system for multi-site secure authentication ready to be implemented in a real-case scenario.


We describe nonlinear propagation in a line-defect photonic crystal waveguide below transmission cut-off in terms of novel temporal gap-soliton solutions. All-optical control of the group-velocity over mm-length scales is envisaged.


Introduction: Obesity as an epidemic problem induces many diseases including the metabolic syndrome. It causes low-grade systemic inflammation, which can also affect bone architecture. Proinflammatory cytokines are key mediators in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. In our study we compared bone microstructure and TNF-α bone expression in animal subjects in dependence to diet exposed to in utero, during and after lactation. Methods: Ten female Sprague Dawley rats, nine weeks old, were randomly divided in two groups and fed either a control diet or food rich in saturated fatty acids during five weeks, and then mated with genetically similar male subjects. After birth and lactation male offspring rats from both groups were randomly divided in four groups depending on the diet they were fed until twenty-two weeks of age. Body weight throughout the experiment was measured and body mass index was calculated, total cholesterol, triglyceride level, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were measured. Bone microstructure was analyzed in fifth lumbar vertebra (n=24) using digital photographic images. TNF-α expression was measured in bone samples using immunohistochemistry. Results: The offspring of healthy female rats fed with high content of saturated fatty acid food had the highest serum concentrations of the IL-6(157.39±48.38 pg/ml) and TNF-α (63.49±3.43 pg/ml) and also the highest intensity of the TNF-α immunohistochemical staining in the bone marrow. The same group had the lowest values of trabecular bone volume and trabecular number, but the highest values of trabecular separation. Conclusion:Such result suggests that saturated fatty acid food stimulates TNF-α expression in the bone marrow, which contributes to deterioration of the bone mass and bone structure in rat's offspring


This master thesis presents an ant colony optimisation algorithm for the bounded diameter minimum spanning tree problem, a NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problem with various application fields, e.g. when considering certain aspects of quality in communication network design. The algorithm is extended with local optimisation in terms of a variable neighbourhood descent algorithm based on four different neighbourhood structures. These neighbourhood structures have been designed in a way to enable a fast identification of the best neighbouring solution. The proposed algorithm is empirically compared to various evolutionary algorithms and a variable neighbourhood search implementation on Euclidean instances based on complete graphs with up to 1000 nodes considering either solution quality as well as computation time. It turns out that the ant colony optimisation algorithm performs best among these heuristics with respect to quality of solution, but cannot reach the results of the variable neighbourhood search implementation concerning computation time.


Surface Acoustic Wave(SAW)devices on flexible polyimide substrates were developed. The ZnO piezoelectric layers were deposited on a flexible polyimide substrate by low temperature reactive magnetron sputtering,then the layers were characterized by the X-ray Diffraction(XRD),Sanning Electron Microscope(SEM),and the Atomic Force Microscope.The results show that ZnO layers with columnar structures have(002)crystal orientation and lower layer roughness(less than 9 nm),and they are suitable for fabrication of piezoelectric devices.The SAW device based on the ZnO piezoelectric layers were fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate,and it could offer excellent resonance characteristics.A vector network analyzer was used detect the transmission curve,and results show that the resonance frequency and phase velocity increase with decreasing wavelength,and the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results.When the thickness and wavelength of the ZnO layer are 4micron,and 8micron,respectively,the device has its resonant frequency of 268 MHz,acoustic phase velocity of 2 144 m/s and the electromechanical coupling coefficent of 1.1%.Moreover,the acoustic velocity in the ZnO layer also increases with the increase of the ZnOthickness.


Suspesi is a soft cheese with the addition of biduri leaf juice and functions as a coagulant. There have been no researches examining the color value, hardness, and content of tannins in soft cheese suspesi. The research purpose was to analyze and evaluate difference the hardness, color value of(L*, a*, and b*) and tannin content of soft cheese suspesi with the addition of biduri leaf juice level 3% and 5%. This research used a completely randomized design with two treatments with six replications. A1= Biduri leaf juice level 3% (v/v), A2= Biduri leaf juice level 5% (v/v). Data on hardness, color value, and tannin content were analyzed by Independent T-Test. The results showed that the use of biduri leaf juice level were significantly different (P<0.05) on the hardness, color value of L*, and tannin content of the soft cheese suspesi. The color value of a* and b* did not show a significant difference (P>0.05) in the soft cheese suspesi. The addition of different levels of biduri leaf juice gave differences in hardness, color value of (L*, a*, b*), and tannin content different of the soft cheese suspesi. The characteristics of the soft cheese suspesi showed an increase in hardness, color value of(L*, a* and b*) and tannin content as with increasing addition of biduri leaf juice.


Similarly, {tn(nan)} denotes the (N, pj-transform of the sequence {nan} generated by the sequence {pn}. The series X^=o an is said to be summable \N, pn\ if {tn(sn)}eBV, i.e., Σ?=i I<» — <n-iI is convergent. (See [7], [5].) In the special case when pn = ( n + ^ ~ 1 V (k> — 1), summability | JV, p f t | is summability |C, k\. Let λ = λ(w) be a diίferentiable, monotonically increasing function of w in (A, oo), where A is a finite positive number; and let μ(w) be its differential and let \{w) tend to infinity with w. For k >̂ 0, we write


PURPOSE: To allow correlative intuitive operation by controlling a 1st and a 2nd linkage which are swingable in one perpendicular plane and an operation tool by the 1st-directional and 2nd-directional movements and rotary movement of an operation lever respectively. CONSTITUTION: The 1st linkage 12 coupled with a vehicle, the 2nd linkage 13 coupled with it, and the operation tool 14 which is coupled with it are controlled by hydraulic pressure cylinders 15 and 16, 17, and 18 respectively to freely swing in the perpendicular plane 49. Those cylinders 15 and 16, 17, and 18 are controlled by hydraulic pressure control valves 21 and 22, 20, and 19 which are controlled by a control means 30 responding to the horizontal movement 25, vertical movement 26, and rotation 27 of the operation lever 23. Consequently, correlative intuitive control is performed to make control steering easy, thereby reducing the fatigue of the operator. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Spectral Characterizations of the CERES thermistor bolometer is a critical factor in determining precisely the earth's radiant energy budget. CERES bolometers are used in studying the balance between the incoming solar radiation from the sun, the scattered and reflected solar radiation, and the longwave-emitted radiation from the earth. To account for the different frequencies, the CERES instrument contains three thermistor bolometer channels; total channel (0.3 -> 2OO-µm), shortwave channel (0.3 — 5-µm), and window channel (8 — 12-µm). Information on the CERES sensor spectral response is required for their radiometric calibrations. The longwave infrared region (2 - > 2OO-µm) spectral measurements were collected and measured in the TRW Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) vacuum chamber facility. In this paper, in addition to a general review of the concept; the algorithms and procedures are presented which were used to characterize spectrally the sensors' responses. These sensitive modifications are contained both in the shortwave and the longwave regions of the spectral response. Such changes include modifications to the method of analyzing the raw FTS data to produce the longwave region of the spectral response. Other factors which affect the spectral response, such as the Transfer Active Cavity Radiometer's (TACR) calibration data reduction method will also be analyzed.


Crystal structure analysis of Tl4P4O12 shows it to consist of tetrameric ring anions P4O124– of symmetry (S4): thallium atoms in two different sites form O ⋯ Tl ⋯ O bridges between the rings.


A patient in pediatric who presented with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, after ruling out gastrointestinal origin should look for renal tubular acidosis (RTA). This usually inherited protein defect of tubules that are needed in acid-base regulation. "According to pathophysiology, there are four types. Distal type 1 RTA, proximal type 2 RTA, mixed-type 3 RTA, and type 4 RTA based on family history. The pattern of genetic inheritance follows autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. In western countries, the autosomal dominant form is the most common, while autosomal recessive is mostly in the eastern especially Arab nation due to consanguineous marriage. However, in the literature, there were some cases reported as a secondary form in children that mostly associated with autoimmune diseases but not exclusively as in glucose-galactose malabsorption. A defect of reabsorption, secretion or generations of some ions, are the main mechanism of RTA. The patient may present with various types of symptoms like recurrent stone formation, muscles weakness, failure to thrive, and dehydration and most prominent is hypokalemia, but hyperkalemia may present too as in type 4. There are some extrarenal symptoms associated with RTA like, early or late deafness, hemolytic anemia, ocular problems (cataract glaucoma), neurological (mental retardation), osteopetrosis and many others. The diagnostic approaches of RTA patient are the clinical manifestation in which the suspected patients undergo laboratory investigation and genetic analysis too. RTA treatments are depending on nature of the disease is it primary or secondary form. Primary manage with drugs usually according to the type and may need other intervention to manage the consequences. The secondary form is managed by treating the underlying disease.


Abstract In this study, we adopted the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) to examine the key determinants of leisure use of a bicycle-share program (BSP), using data from an online panel of 348 Taiwanese YouBike members. We found that the BSP's leisure users had different priorities from commuting cyclists, with the former rating social support more important than bicycle infrastructure or facilities. In addition, we found hedonic motivation (i.e., perceived enjoyment) to be a more significant factor in leisure use of YouBike than was extrinsic motivation (i.e., performance expectancy). Habit also predicted leisure use of a BSP. These findings challenge traditional notions that well-constructed bicycle infrastructure is the most important driver of BSP uptake. We conclude the article with a reflection on the potential role of BSPs in renormalizing the image of leisure cycling.


The technique of an inverted chromascope is introduced for determining the loci of amplitude zeroes for the spectral components constituting a polychromatic radiation field. Applications of this technique for processing of experimentally obtained (both by birefringence and for speckle fields) light distributions are demonstrated.


Taking as its starting point the phenomenological bases, where landscape is understood as the result of the man/place/world relationship, this essay seeks to address the concepts of nature, space and landscape, from the perspective of factual experience, and ontologically so-called "experenciador" (experiencer). Facing the complex contemporary scenario, where the categories mentioned above undergo revisions and systematic conceptual expansion, we intend to discuss nature, space, and landscape as human constructions, historically determined. The theme is conducted through the analysis of meaning-building that occurs from direct experience where landscape takes on the dimension of "mediacao" (mediation) between nature and human.


The work combines the concepts of flow-by porous electrode and of hydraulic transport to the electrodissolution of a mineral powder. The anodic dissolution of a synthetic covelite (CuS) powder hydraulically transported by the anolyte through a flow-by porous anodic current feeder is studied at room temperature (20°C). The porous anodic feeder was a stack of platinized expanded titanium sheets where the transported covelite grains have contacts with it, allowing the dissolution potencial to be taken by the grains. The cell had two identical compartments separated by a porous diaphragm and allowed the electrochemical deposition of copper on the expanded stainless steel cathode. The catholyte, and the anolyte where the covellite powder was put in suspension, were prepared wi th the same electrolyte (H2SO4 1M with 25g L


An indoor air-conditioner comprising an air duct, an air outlet in communication with the air duct, and an air deflector (1) guiding the direction of the air leaving the air-conditioner, a volute tongue (4) being provided on the outer end part of the air duct near the air outlet, and characterized in that the indoor air-conditioner further comprises a central support mechanism (2) capable of telescoping between the central part of the back of the air deflector (1) and the volute tongue (4), thus a complete seal with the air outlet can be achieved when the air deflector is closed, meaning there are no gaps.


Part I. Preliminaries: 1. Introduction 2. Singular perturbation theory Part II. Process Systems with Material Integration: 3. Process systems with significant material recycling 4. Process systems with purge streams 5. Dynamics and control of generalized integrated process systems Part III. Process Systems with Energy Integration: 6. Process systems with energy recycling 7. Process systems with high energy throughput References Part IV. Appendices: A. Definitions B. Systems with multiple time scale dynamics C. MATLAB code.


Abstract : Projectile trajectories are altered in the presence of wind. This treatise discusses the lateral displacement of a projectile by a wind blowing at right angles to the direction of aim and explains the reasons for the same. The effect of bullet shape and muzzle velocity upon the trajectory and the resulting wind drift is included.


BACKGROUND The knee joint is one of the major weightbearing joints in the lower extremity. Generally, these injuries fall into two broad categories, high energy fractures and low energy fractures. Fractures of the proximal tibia are the result of high energy injuries and because of lack of soft tissue coverage in this region. The majority of tibial plateau fractures are secondary to high speed velocity accidents and fall from height. Fractures result from direct axial compression usually with a valgus or varus moment and indirect shear forces. The study was conducted between the period of October 2013 to August 2015 in Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari. 26 patients with diagnosis of proximal tibial fractures were treated with locking compression plate. All Schatzker's classification type 1-6 proximal tibial fractures in adults aged 18 years and above of either sex were included in the study. All patients were followed up. With each follow up, clinical and radiological examinations were performed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. The study included 26 patients, 25 males and 1 female aged from 21-80 years with mean age of 41.03 years. The average time for fracture union in our series was 16.61 weeks. In present study, knee stiffness was observed in 2 patients. Our study yielded excellent to good results in 80% of cases. motion. For minimally-displaced fractures with minimal bone defects percutaneous fixation suffices, whereas for comminuted fractures, open reduction and internal fixation is mandatory. In our study, we found that proximal tibial locking plate provides complete union and early mobilisation to attain better functional outcome.


Ediror & Fublisher's survey of newspapers which endorsed candidates during the presidential campaign found that a majority chose nor to endorse (141). An assessment of newspaper performance in campaign coverage concluded that real attempts were made to explore beyond the hoopla, confetti and balloons (168). A management crisis erupted at The Christian Science Moniror. where staff resignations protested the move toward a breezier, easy-read format, staff layoffs and a tilt in favor of the church's T V enterprise (209). More encouraging reports. on the other hand, demonstrated that Sunday and alternative newspapers remain vibrant and healthy (49, 50). In broadcasting, the news and talk shows appear to have taken a turn toward the lurid, shocking and tantalizing, which Newsweek chose to call "trash TV" (37). Rapid changes in new technology continue to challenge existing laws, which many refer to as archaic. A sampling of articles can be found discussing computer software, cable T V and digital recording as related to copyright laws (74. 117K, 118, 123). Pressures on the Latin American press appear to be intensifying. One Guatemalan newspaper was firebombed (193C). while


: The Pieniny Klippen Belt of the Western Carpathians is built up by Jurassic to Eocene Oravic units, with the Šariš, Subpieniny, and Pieniny Unit on the top. Major emphasis was placed on the dark fine-grained clastic deposits exposed in the vicinity of the villages of Beňova Lehota and Revišné (Orava sector of the Pieniny Klippen Belt). Through investigation of palynological material, the age of dark flysch strata was determined as predominantly uppermost Toarcian to Middle Aalenian and affiliated with the Szlachtowa and/or Skrzypny formations, belonging to the Šariš Unit. The results from the dinoflagellate cysts were supplemented by a structural investigation of the Šariš Unit. The complicated tectonic evolution of the Pieniny Klippen Belt is documented by intermixing of the soft shale deposits of Jurassic and Cretaceous age and by the presence of folds and cleavages. Based on the acquired data, the D 1 event records a compression with a NE–SW direction and is represented by folds with axial-plane cleavage. The younger D 2 phase is marked by the presence of south-vergent backthrusts, resulting from the ongoing compression and subsequent tilting of the originally north-vergent nappe stack of the Oravic units.


This study aims to examine and understand the effectiveness and credibility of advertising and public relations in the form of editorial coverage. This study involves three main groups, namely prominent practitioners in public relations and advertising as well as independent party who does not belong to either of these categories of practitioners. Guided by the Source Credibility Theory, this exploratory study emphasises on key measure of credibility in finding the overall effectiveness of public relations over advertising. Findings of this study provide ground for constructive argument on the co-relations, effectiveness, estrangement and togetherness of the much debated topic of public relations versus advertising. The main basis of the comparison is based on credibility, and the data focused on three central themes: contribution to brand knowledge and brand image, adequacy of public relations and advertising, and concerns of public relations and advertising practitioners. In short, both public relations and advertising can employ contextual strategy by working together to reach consumers in the most creative and tactical manner.


The purpose of this investigation was an attempt to clarify the relatives taxonomic position of and to formulate some of the basic cyclic morphological and physiological processes occurring in an aquatic actinomycete possessing streptomycetal characteristics.