This book is a critique of the more important works on Zoroastrianism that have appeared in the last 30 years or so. It is eminently balanced and sane and the author is always careful to define the terms he uses. What is essential in Mazdeanism Sgr. Bianchi considers to be ' the idea of Ahura Mazda, as creator and the idea of a world whose existence and prosperity are threatened by deathdealing beings external to itself' (p. 95), and the conception of the good as life, prosperity, and order. This is undoubtedly true. The author then argues against the over-fine distinctions that Benveniste draws between the religion described by Herodotus, that of the Achaemenid inscriptions, and the Gathas, and shows that a common view of life informs all three. His challenge of the usefulness of the concept ' Hochgott' without qualification is welcome. Sgr. Bianchi presents himself as the unflinching opponent of all ' apriorism ', but, on reading his book, one cannot help feeling that he himself has a strong bias in favour of interpreting all the religious phenomena that appear in a Zoroastrian context in terms of ' Mazdeanism ' as defined by himself. Thus it is the purest ' apriorism ' to dismiss the literal interpretation of the myth of the primordial twins in Yasna 30.3 as ' absolutely absurd '. No doubt from the point of view of the later Avesta and the Pahlavi books this would be so, but so would the idea that Ahura Mazda creates light and darkness, which actually appears in Yasna 44.5. The fact is that Zoroaster leaves the question of the origin of evil open, and it was perfectly legitimate for later theologians to interpret Yasna 30.3 as meaning that Ahura Mazda is the father of the Evil Spirit as he is the father of the Bounteous Spirit (Yasna 47.2-3) whose twin the Evil Spirit is. This would, in fact, appear to be the origin of the Zurvanite ' myth of the twins', since once Ahura Mazda had been identified with the Bounteous Spirit, the theologians would quite naturally be led to speculate on the origin of the twins. It would seem that REVIEWS


We have developed a selection system for transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This selection system uses human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that metabolize herbicides. Herbicide-tolerant seedlings transformed with CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, or CYP2C19 were selected with the herbicides acetochlor, amiprophos-methyl, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, norflurazon, and pendimethalin. The herbicide-tolerant plants transformed with CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 expressed the corresponding P450 cDNAs. Inheritance and segregation of the P450 genes were analyzed in T2 progeny of herbicide-tolerant T1 seedlings. Metabolism of [14C]norflurazon by transgenic T2 seedlings expressing CYP1A1 produced non-toxic N-demethylated norflurazon. This result suggests that the P450 species expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants coordinately functioned as selectable markers because of active metabolism of the herbicides.


The thesis points out that broadcasting and host language both have the characteristic of voice, analyses the image sense of the language in the works of broadcasting conscientiously, shows it with the appropriate and various sound through the pronunciation of the key element of the word and creating the abundant and touching sound image can fully arouse various kinds of psychological functions of the audience in the course of seeing and hearing mainly. The thesis has analysed the works of broadcasting with different style, and puts forward different requests for the work of broadcasting with different style.


This study aims to determine whether through the development of assistive learning media can improve the learning process and the skills of students in rolling learning in front of floor gymnastics. The research method used to answer the objectives of the study was used the class-action research research method. The population in this study were all students of Makassar Public Middle School 24 and the sample in this study was as many as seventh grade students of Makassar Middle School 24 as many as 40 people. The sampling technique is using the Total Sampling technique. The implementation of this class action research consists of 2 cycles with implementation activities consisting of two stages of initial observation activities, planning, implementation, observation, and refraction.Based on the results of the study showed that the description of the actions of the first cycle, the ability of front bolster students of class VII Makassar State Middle School there were 18 students (45%) in the good category, 10 students (25%) in the medium category, 12 students (30%) in the less category , there are no students (0%) in the excellent category, and no students (0%) in the very poor category. The results of the description test in the second cycle, the ability of front bolster students of class VII of SMP Negeri 24 Makassar there were 10 students (83.3%) in the good category, 2 students (16.7%) in the medium category, no students (0%) in very good category, in less categories and in very few categories. From the results of observations, evaluations and reflections on each cycle action, it can be concluded that the use of demonstration methods can improve the ability of front rolling in class VII students of Makassar Middle School 24.


he influence of heat treatment on polyamide 1010 structure of aggregatied state was studied by means of WAXD and SAXS techniques.The results showed thatcrystallinity is better at annealing temperature nearby T=175℃ for polyamide 1010 samples,Tg was approximately 58℃ through extrapolating the Wcnx VS.T curve to Wc,x.=0,which is in agreement with the literature.Based on one dimensional electron density correlation function of partially crystalline polymers,the long period L,thickness of the crystalline lamella d,thickness of the transition zone and density difference between crystalline and amorphous regions as well as density Pc of crystalline phase can be directly derived by SAXS data for polyamide 1010 under various annealing temperatures.


ABSTRACT Gatifloxacin (GTX), a new fluoroquinolone with extended antibacterial activity, is an interesting candidate for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). Besides the antibacterial spectrum, the concentrations in the target tissues and fluids are crucial for the treatment of CBP. Thus, it was of interest to investigate its penetration into prostatic and seminal fluid. GTX concentrations in plasma, urine, ejaculate, prostatic and seminal fluid, and sperm cells were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method after oral intake of a single 400-mg dose in 10 male Caucasian volunteers in the fasting state. Simultaneous application of the renal contrast agent iohexol was used to estimate the maximal possible contamination of ejaculate and prostatic and seminal fluid by urine. GTX was well tolerated. The means (standard deviations) for the following parameters were as indicated: time to maximum concentration of drug in serum, 1.66 (0.91) h; maximum concentration of drug in serum, 2.90 (0.39) μg/ml; area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h, 25.65 μg · h/ml; and half life, 7.2 (0.90) h. Within 12 h about 50% of the drug was excreted unchanged into the urine. The mean renal clearance was 169 ml/min. The gatifloxacin concentrations in ejaculate, seminal fluid, and prostatic fluid were in the range of the corresponding plasma concentrations which were 1.92 (0.27) μg/ml at approximately the same time point (4 h after drug intake). The concentrations in sperm cells (0.195, 0.076, and 0.011 μg/ml) could be determined in three subjects. The good penetration into prostatic and seminal fluid, the good tolerance, and the previously reported broad antibacterial spectrum suggest that GTX may be a good alternative for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Clinical studies should be performed to confirm this assumption.


The present invention discloses a method of data transmission system, the clock controller, a source driver and a display system including a clock controller receives a data signal transmitted from an external data source and a reference clock signal; and determining the data signal with the reference clock signal retardation value in each cycle; the respective retardation values are encoded to generate an encoded signal; and transmitting the encoded signal and the reference clock signal to the source driver. The method of phase difference value data signal and the reference clock signal is encoded using the encoded signal and thus the reference clock signal, to realize the clock transmission of data signals between the controller and the source driver. Meanwhile, since the signal is compared with the encoded data signal having a smaller amount of data, therefore, the method may set fewer signal lines can be achieved in the data transmission between the controller and the source driver clock, thereby reducing the printed circuit area on the wiring board (PCB), to save production costs.


ITO nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method in an aqueous solution and thermal method in an alcohol solution. The coprecipitate prepared at room temperature showed the crystal structure of indium oxide in X-ray diffraction when it was annealed above 300°C. In thermal method, the nanoparticles have two phase crystal structure of indium oxide hydroxide (InOOH) and indium hydroxide (In(OH) 3 ). Annealing at the temperature above 300 °C, it showed the rhombohedral crystal structure of indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ). The phase transition of ITO nanoparticle was also detected with DSC. Near IR-reflective film was prepared by spin coating using ITO sol solution. Transmission electron microsopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were used to characterize the morphology and composition of ITO nanoparticles. Near-IR (NIR) spectrometer was used to determine reflectance on the surface of ITO film in the NIR-radiation region.


Wootton. R. J. (2007). Over-wintering growth and losses in a small population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), in mid-Wales. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 16, (4), 476-481.


Current technological advances in sensors, power efficient integrated circuits, and wireless transferring have allowed the development of miniature, lightweight, low-cost, and smart physiological sensor nodes. These sensor nodes have capacity of sensing, controlling, processing, and communication one or more vital signs. Furthermore, they can be used in wireless personal area networks (WPANs) or wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) for health monitoring. Many studies were performed and/or are under way in order to develop flexible, reliable, secure, real-time, and power-efficient WBSNs suitable for healthcare applications. This paper reviews the applications of wireless sensor networks in the healthcare area and discusses the related issues and challenges. It reviews some applications of WSNs developed or currently being developed for health monitoring.


Ethical reductionism is a doctrine in metaethics, the area of ethics in which we ask not what the facts are concerning our moral obligations, or concerning what things in life are worth pursuing, but, among other things, questions about the nature (or even the very existence) of such facts. One such question is whether moral facts are, to put it roughly, identical to facts of another kind. Reductionism in ethics is the view that they are. That is, reductionists hold that moral facts, or moral properties, are identical to facts or properties that can be expressed using nonmoral vocabulary.

Keywords:

epistemology;
ethics;
metaethics;
Moore, G.E;
naturalism;
naturalistic philosophy;
philosophy;
reductionism;
supervenience;
value


We report ongoing work on the development of agents that can implicitly coordinate with their partners in referential tasks, taking as a case study colour terms. We describe algorithms for generation and resolution of colour descriptions and report results of experiments on how humans use colour terms for reference in production and comprehension.


This chapter discusses methods for the effective and safe application of pesticides. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of following the directions on pesticide labels as the foundations for prevention of human poisoning and contamination of the environment. Special comments are also given on selection of the proper chemical and formulation; use of properly designed equipment; and application of chemicals during desirable climatic conditions. Adoptions of correct procedures can markedly reduce the hazards from pesticides and ensure attainment of desired results from pesticides without disruption of other husbandry practices (AU)


Editor—The relation between treatment with radioiodine and thyroid eye disease, discussed in Walsh et al's editorial, troubles many endocrinologists and patients.1 There have been concerns that the use of radioiodine for thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease may be associated with a deterioration in ophthalmopathy, raising the question of whether radioiodine is safe for patients with mild ophthalmic Graves' disease. This question has been addressed recently by Bartalena et al, who showed that there is a small but significant risk of deterioration in mild ophthalmopathy after the use of radioiodine and that this risk may be reduced by simultaneous administration of systemic glucocorticoids.2

Walsh et al go further and advocate that high dose prednisone, as used in Bartalena et al's trial, should be used routinely in all patients with mild ophthalmopathy who are to receive radioiodine, to reduce the risk of deterioration in eye disease. Surely this is not yet justified. No account has been taken of the appreciable adverse effects of giving prednisone for three months (typically 30-40 mg/day for the first month and then reducing over the next two months). In Bartalena et al's study under a tenth of patients (7/72) with mild pre-existing ophthalmopathy who received radioiodine had a deterioration that was more than transient and required treatment.

Routine use of glucocorticoids exposes all patients who receive them to important adverse effects, while the benefit is limited to a few. Certain clinical features (for example, mild but active or progressive ophthalmopathy) are likely to mark out those who are at risk. Further studies are needed to examine this and to determine the minimum dose and duration of glucocorticoid treatment that protects against deterioration of eye disease.

At present there is a case for limiting treatment with glucocorticoids to those who have an appreciable symptomatic worsening of ophthalmopathy rather than treating all routinely. Bartalena et al did not go so far as to advocate routine glucocorticoid treatment for all patients with mild ophthalmopathy who receive radioiodine, and with good reason. Clinical trials showing that a treatment is effective are immensely useful but need to be supported by further, balanced evaluation of the risks and benefits of treatment before the original demonstration of efficacy is translated directly into routine clinical practice—a message for all clinicians, not just endocrinologists. First do no harm.


Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of the introduction of fixed-dose combinations of antiretrovirals (FDCAs) in reducing resistance, and to describe trends of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in relation to drug exposure and the risk factors associated with multi-class drug resistance (MCDR) in Catalonia (Spain). Methods: Observational prospective study of HIV Resistance in Catalonia from 2002 to 2008. We included 2,718 HIV+ patients (≥16 years of age) with virological failure (Viral Load>1000 copies/ml). Differences between the Pre-FDCAs period (2002-2005) and the Post-FDCAs period (2005-2008) were assessed by multivariate logistic regressions. Prevalence of resistances and exposure to ARVs. trends were also assessed by test of trend Results: We observed a downward trend from 2002 to 2008 in all class-resistance mutations and RAMS (p<0.0001). This trend coincides with a reduction in exposure to older ARVs., and with an increase in exposure to newer drugs. Multivariate analyses showed the Post-FDCAs period as an independent protective factor for the presence of any resistance, for MCDR, and for major mutations of reverse transcriptase and protease, with Odds Ratios (95% CI) between 0.32 (0.26-0.39) and 0.67 (0.51-0.86). Male sex, sexual transmission group, older age, duration of HIV infection, number of treatment failures and exposure to three-class drugs are also risk factors for the presence of MCDR. Conclusions: There was an important reduction of the risk of class-resistances, MCDR and RAMs in the Post- FDCAs period independently of others factors. Reductions in specific mutations are related to changes in antiretroviral use. These results support the use of FDCAs for the treatment of HIV infection.


In the wake of September 11, the European Union proclaimed a new commitment to encouraging processes of political liberalization in the Middle East, and a plethora of initiatives were introduced to that end. Richard Youngs offers a thorough analysis of the policies actually followed by the EU - by national governments, as well as collectively - in the intervening several years. Drawing on official documents and extensive interviews with key policymakers, Youngs assesses EU policies implemented throughout the Middle East: in Iraq, the Maghreb and Mashreq, the Palestinian Territories, the Gulf states, and Turkey. His analysis sheds light not only on the EU's strengths and weaknesses as an international actor, but also on the impact of external factors on political change and on the hotly debated topic of the relationship between democracy and security.


Partially automated driving takes away driving control from the driver in situations which allow complete automation, but leaves final responsibility for safe driving at the human operator. Accordingly, the driver's role changes to supervision, and - occasionally - intervention. For testing required solutions to support drivers' new interaction with partially automated driving systems, this study proposes an assessment framework, aimed for application early within the development process while using driving simulation. We conclude that the assessment aspects within the envisioned framework should be three-fold, i.e. assess (a) Situation Awareness, (b) Accident Avoidance, and: (c) Acceptance. Measurement techniques to test these aspects have been defined. Moreover, six traffic scenarios have been evaluated for their successfulness in creating different levels of difficulty in understanding and solving traffic situations representative for the interaction between partial automation and drivers. While defining the required assessment aspects and confirming the scenarios' relevance, this study is an important step to establish the desired framework.


Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to study the electrical properties of cells in suspension. Two (bipolar electrode system), three (tripolar) and four (tetrapolar) electrodes are used to measure the electrical properties of materials with tetrapolar measurements being the best option to minimize electrode polarization effects. When EIS measurements are repeated for the same sample, almost identical spectra can be expected. However, in some situations, significant differences associated with low reproducibility and repeatability are found. Herein we used HeLa cells dispersed in an aqueous solution to evaluate the effect of cleaning on the performance of gold electrodes. The surface cleaning of gold electrodes was conducted by cyclic voltammetry. We found that the impedance measuring reproducibility and repeatability are enhanced when the electrodes are cleaned. These results show that surface cleaning minimizes the contribution of electrode polarization in measurements. Additionally, a circuital model is proposed to describe the effect of untreated surfaces on electrical measurement. The circuital model confirms that the observed effect is not due to a typical polarization impedance. Rather, it is an active polarization (interfacial polarization), which occurs at low frequencies, and is independent of the frequency of the excitation signal.


Objective To explore the application of humanized holistic nursing care during surgery.Methods A total of 196 cases with surgery during 2008 February-2012 February were selected and were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in experimental group received humanized holistic nursing care,while patients in control group had conventional nursing.Use the evaluation of nursing quality of operation room standard,Anxiety status of patients,blood pressure,heart rate were recorded and analyzed.Results Before nursing,there was no significant difference in SAS score,blood pressure or heart rate between two groups(P 0.05).The SAS score,blood pressure and heart rate of experimental group were significantly lower than those of control group(P 0.05).Conclusion In the operation room,humanized holistic nursing care can effectively reduce the anxiety degree,reduce blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations,and was helpful in keeping patients in a more stable state and had an important role to improve the nursing quality of operation room,it was worthy of further promotion and application.


This article empirically investigates the failure of the Exchange Rate-Based Stabilisation Program started in Turkey in January 2000, under the IMF supervision. For that purpose, a Vectorial Error Correction Model integrating an uncovered interest rate parity modelling short term deviations is estimated. We use an unusual daily database to take into account the everyday commitment of monetary authorities for the crawling exchange rate. The results show the inability of the central bank to sustain the program, despite its seeming flexibility. Indeed, the monetary instrument apparently left to the central bank, namely the monetary base, was actually mainly market-determined.


SSH and AKA are recent, practical protocols for secure connections over an otherwise unprotected network. The paper shows that, despite the use of public-key cryptography, SSH and AKA do not provide authentication as intended. The flaws of SSH and AKA can be viewed as the result of their disregarding a basic principle for the design of sound authentication protocols: the principle that messages should be explicit.


Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scrotum is rare and adenosquamous carcinoma variant of SCC of the scrotum is very rare. It was the first cancer directly associated with occupational exposure when, in 1775, Percivall Pott described it in chimney sweeps in England. SCC of the scrotum is a tumor that is of interest for clinical and historical reasons. Some previous studies indicate that survival of scrotal cancer depends on tumor histology. Surgery with a negative resection margin offers the best hope of cure as adjunctive therapy has not proved useful. Prognosis correlates with the extent of nodal involvement. We report a case of a 63-year old Thai farmer. He presented with a stage A disease, and underwent right hemiscrotectomy.


We construct a continuous curve from the interval [0, 1] into the n-dimensional cube [0, 1] in R under which the entire cube is filled by the image of a subset of [0, 1] of Hausdorff dimension r, for any positive integer n ≥ 2 and any real number r between 0 and 1. A space-filling curve is a continuous function from the one-dimensional unit interval [0, 1] onto the two dimensional unit square [0, 1]2 = [0, 1]× [0, 1]. In 1879, Netto showed that [0, 1]2 cannot be a homeomorphic image of [0, 1]. Hence the discovery of a space-filling curve (and consequently the fact that [0, 1]2 is a continuous image of [0, 1]) is surprising. After Peano's first example given in 1890, Hilbert in 1891, Lebesgue in 1904, Schoenberg in 1938, and many others, subsequently simplified and formalized the construction of space-filling curves. As a uniform limit of a sequence of simple polygons Peano's curve is very intuitive and visible, although it is difficult to compute. On the other hand, whereas Schoenberg's curve is given by a fixed formula, the geometrical content of that formula is not easy to observe. The visibility and computability of those curves of Hilbert and Lebesgue are somewhere in between. See, for example, Sagan [4] for a brief history of this subject. In 1927, Hausdorff and Alexandroff showed that every compact set is a continuous image of a dyadic discontinuum (see e.g. [5, p. 116]). In 1928, Hahn simplified his earlier argument to prove that every connected and locally connected compact set is a continuous image of the unit interval (see e.g. [5]). Consequently, all n–dimensional unit cubes [0, 1]n in Rn are continuous images of the unit interval [0, 1]. On the other hand, we note that the space-filling curve of Lebesgue maps the Cantor set onto [0, 1]2. In other words, [0, 1]2 is a continuous image of a subset of [0, 1] of Hausdorff dimension log 2/ log 3 in this case. Recently, Liu [3] constructed explicitly a space-filling curve under which [0, 1]2 is a continuous image of a zero dimensional subset of [0, 1]. By a similar architecture, we shall construct in this note computable and visible curves in Rn under which the n-dimensional unit cube [0, 1]n is a continuous image of a subset of the unit interval [0, 1] of Hausdorff dimension r for any positive integer n ≥ 2 and any real number r between 0 and 1. Our curves emphasis on both geometrical clarity and computing effectiveness, as one can see from Example 3 in which a space-filling curve mapping a subset of [0, 1] of Hausdorff dimension log 4/ log 6 onto [0, 1]2 is constructed. Date: Sept. 16, 1996 (to appear in Southeast Math. Soc. Bull. Math.) 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 54.


The Oceanographic Systems Laboratory of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has developed the REMUS 600, a new 12.75 inch (32.385 cm) diameter autonomous underwater vehicle that will be used to carry mine countermeasures sensors for the Office of Naval Research. Vehicle Control Technologies has been tasked by ONR to develop autopilot and simulation software for several REMUS 600 sensor configurations, with the objective of achieving enhanced platform steadiness to improve sensor performance in the shallow water and very shallow water environment. The most stringent motion steadiness requirements for the REMUS 600 vehicle are derived from the image forming specifications of a new side-looking synthetic aperture sonar developed for ONR by the Penn State Applied Physics Laboratory and the Coastal Systems Station, Panama City, Florida. This payload necessitated the use of a forward fin section for enhanced control authority. This forward fin section gives the vehicle the ability to command vertical and horizontal sideslips, in addition to roll, pitch, and yaw control, using independently commanded fins. This is a unique capability for a vehicle of this class. In addition, the 12.75 inch diameter vehicle class offers new capabilities for endurance and payload capacity. The REMUS 600 software architecture has been designed with the flexibility to accommodate various payloads and both the VCT autopilot and the Woods Hole autopilot. We present the VCT approach to autopilot design which makes use of a high-fidelity hydrodynamics model, software in the loop simulation test, vehicle motion steadiness performance predictions, and post-test validation. The REMUS 600 vehicle has collected extensive in-water data. We present performance results based on this data


Localizing the user from a feature database of a scene is a basic and necessary step for presentation of localized augmented reality (AR) content. Commonly such a database depicts a single appearance of the scene, due to time and effort required to prepare it. However, the appearance depends on various factors, e.g., the position of the sun and cloudiness. Observing the scene under different lighting conditions results in a decreased success rate and accuracy of the localization.

To address this we propose to generate the feature database from a simulated appearance of the scene model under a number of different lighting conditions. We also propose to extend the feature descriptors used in the localization with a parametric representation of their changes under varying lighting conditions. We compare our method with a standard representation and matching based on L2-norm in a simulation and real world experiments. Our results show that our simulated environment is a satisfactory representation of the scene's appearance and improves feature matching over a single database. The proposed feature descriptor achieves a higher localization ratio with fewer feature points and a lower process cost.


In general the concretions are unusual for the variety of minerals composing them and for their structure. They are certainly concretionary forms as is clearly indicated by their structure and mode of occurrence in a Iimited area and horizon of the shale. An explanation of the mode of origin does not readily appear. It has been suggested that the original concretions were formed before induration of the shale. The geode structure and numerous minerals indicate a change from the original material as concretions normally consist of but one or two minerals, and grow frorn the center outward. Perhaps the original concretions consisted of some soluble mineral which was dissolved and various minerals substituted, notably qtrartz. This would account for the partly filled centers of many of the concretions. The solutions which accomplished this result may very well have been of hydrothermal nature, as the surrounding country is invaded by numerous porphyry sills, dikes, and laccoliths. The presence of much sericite in the quartz would be a further indication of hydrothermal action.


Park, Park and Kwun[6] is defined the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space in which it is a little revised from Park[5]. According to this paper, Park, Kwun and Park[11] Park and Kwun[10], Park, Park and Kwun[7] are established some fixed point theorems in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, Park, Park and Kwun[6] obtained common fixed point theorem in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space, and also, Park, Park and Kwun[8] proved common fixed points of maps on intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We prove a fixed point for pair of maps with another method from Park, Park and Kwun[7] in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space defined by Park, Park and Kwun[6]. Our research are an extension of Vijayaraju and Marudai's result[14] and generalization of Park, Park and Kwun[7], Park and Kwun[10].


Due to the prohibitive costs of semiconductor manufacturing, most system-on-chip (SoC) design companies outsource their production to offshore foundries. An untrusted foundry can manufacture and sell additional unauthorized chips for profit in violation of their contract. This overproduction can not only cause significant loss of revenue to the designer, but may also have national security implications in case of sensitive designs. Over the years, researchers have proposed different design obfuscation techniques by modifying the underlying functionality to prevent this unauthorized overproduction of chips. An untrusted foundry/assembly cannot sell chips unless they are activated. A chip works properly only when it is activated with a key, which needs to be kept secret from any adversary. However, Boolean satisfiability (SAT)-based algorithms have shown to efficiently break key based obfuscation methods. In this paper, we present a novel secure cell design for implementing design-for-security (DFS) infrastructure to prevent of leaking the key to an adversary under any circumstances. Importantly, our design does not limit the testability of the chip in any way, including post-silicon validation and debug.


Background Fasting plasma glucose levels are raised, and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is 2–3-fold higher, among Indian Asians compared with European and north American whites. Although genetic susceptibility is widely reported, few studies have investigated the genetic factors underlying these disturbances of glucose metabolism among Indian Asians. Methods We carried out a genome-wide association of 582 K autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for fasting plasma glucose in 5089 non-diabetic Indian Asians (fasting glucose levels Results We identified and replicated association of SNP rs3847554 near MTNR1B with glucose levels (combined p = 1.3 × 10−10). The risk allele of SNP rs3847554 was also associated with raised haemoglobin A1c, reduced HOMA-B and an increased risk of T2D compared with wild type (odds ratio 1.17, p = 0.01). The risk allele frequency of rs3847554 is higher among Indian Asians (49.8%) than the HapMap CEU population (40.0%, p Conclusions A common genetic variation near MT1NRB influences blood glucose, and is associated with an increased risk of T2D in Indian Asians. Our findings suggest that abnormalities of melatonin signalling may be an important mechanism contributing to the current world-wide epidemic of T2D and related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders among Indian Asians.


This project is designed to implement the use of active solar technologies via a solar hot air system to help reduce dependence on external energy sources to modern homes. Empty and plated solar hot air collectors were fabricated and tested in different operation conditions to determine the maximum effectiveness of the thermal solar energy absorption. A photovoltaic panel is utilized to provide power for the control unit and the fan in the exhaust vent of the collector. The photovoltaic cells are used to help reduce the amount of external energy the solar hot air system would need to run, ideally running with zero operating cost and even possibly providing additional electricity for the rest of the building or to be sold back to the grid. The entire system is governed by a control unit which will determine the operating mode in which the system will function, monitoring the temperature differential between external and internal temperatures. The control unit will help to increase the efficiency of the solar hot air system by regulating the rate at which the hot air will be injected into the home.


two chapters, unfortunately, seem to be tacked on rather artificially to the rest, and their relevance to the project remains unclear. Putting aside quibbles about thematic consistency, it must be said that this collection contains a high proportion of fascinating, even inspired, chapters. I would single out Christopher Lawrence on the management of scurvy in the Royal Navy, Janet Browne on the very English pleasures of botany and gardening, Michael Dettelbach on Humboldt's imperial vision of a 'physics of the earth' formulated in the wake of the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire and Alan Bewell on botany and sex in late eighteenth-century England. Simon Schaffer's masterly afterword integrates these essays into the wider context of recent scholarship on imperialism and suggests promising directions for future research. He stresses the connections between imperial power and knowledge of nature, and especially the multivalent meaning of 'scientific curiosity' as a motivation for collecting and depicting plants and animals from around the world. He points out the value of images such as the plates of the ill-fated Floraligiumas 'cultural capital which the polite naturalist and elegant curioso must accumulate to make such journeys meaningful' (p. 338). Schaffer himself promotes a vision of cultural history that makes use of the historical examples of imperial visions. The kinds of image of nature that imperial expansion produced, whether of plants or peoples, perpetrated an illusion of Eurocentric disinterestedness that is now being called into question.


Ingrid Torjesen talks to Ian Cumming, Health Education England's first chief executive, about the forthcoming changes to postgraduate medical education


We educators rush to print or podium, quick to handle the newfound word, to add our tailing gloss to it, to give it a professional twist that will make it ours and make us stronger for having taken it. Now we pronounce accountability, a firm protestant word, to label tasks we promise to do better than we have done before. Accountability will awaken the hitherto unheeding colleagues who are not in a state of professional grace. Accountability is a proper amulet that will shield us from the disasters of laxity. It will keep us shriven from sins of omission. It is a word already esteemed in high government offices. It may even be the proper bait to hook a grant with.


In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of generalized nonlinear implicit quasivariational mclusions for set valued mappings. We construct some new iterative algorithms for this generalized nonlinear implicit quasivariational inclasions for set-valued mappings without compactness. We prove the existence of solutions for this generalized non-linear implicit quasivariational inclusions for set-valued mappings without compactness and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the algorithms. We also give an application to generalized nonlinear implicit variational inequalities.


The present work is an extension of cytogenetical investigations undertaken in fifteen species of the genus Phaseolus, L. (Sarbhoy 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978a, b). The genus Phaseolus, Linn. belongs to the family Papilionaceae or Fabaceae and includes about 150 to 200 species distributed in warm regions of both southern and northern hemispheres (Bailey 1961 and Hutchinson 1964). Phaseolus, L. has not received due attention from the cytogeneticist and phyllogenetical studies are totally lacking. Several scattered reports-Karpechenko (1925), Kawakami (1930), Tschechow and Kartaschowa (1932), Senn (1938), Turner (1956), Frahm-Leliveld (1953, 1954) Shibata (1962), Pritchard and Gould (1964), Dana (1964) and Singh and Roy (1970) have established beyond doubt the 11 and 22 as haploid and diploid chromosome numbers in the genus Phaseolus. Considering the great diversity of characters habit and habitat in the members of the genus Phaseolus considerable variations in the chromosome number might also be anticipated. But the chromosome number is more or less constant for all the members of the genus except naturally occurring wild allotetraploid Phaseolus species (Dana 1964). Invariably constant diploid chromosome number (2n=22) in different species of Phaseolus prompted the author to undertake detailed karyo morphological studies of the somatic chromosomes to solve the riddle of speciation and evolution in the genus.


The proliferation of wireless infrastructures and devices is expected to enable new types of value-added applications. Example applications include support of a multi-player game where resources of different devices are shared to collaboratively play a game. Users of such applications require continuous and seamless access to resources while roaming between different access technologies. This calls for a generic wireless service management platform that adequately manages service discovery, distribution, security, billing, and mobility. This paper introduces a Service Roaming Protocol (SRP) as the mechanism to manage service mobility. SRP's main advantage over exiting mobility management algorithm is its context-awareness. The SRP algorithm uses mobile user's geographic location, terminal's capabilities, personal profile, and resources of other grid devices, to provide efficient management of mobile users and services. SRP operation relies on primitives provided by a wireless grid middleware. These primitives include service definition and efficient service distribution and mobility. The wireless grid middleware provides a platform-independent solution to overcome heterogeneity of mobile terminals and provides autonomous service management for mobile grid users. This helps transforming a wireless infrastructure from an infrastructure built for only broadband Internet access into an infrastructure that supports collaborative applications.


This paper presents a proposal for the development of 3D-EPUG-Overlay, an efficient algorithm for exactly computing the intersection of 3D triangulations. 3D-EPUG-Overlay will be innovative because of two reasons. First, it will use arbitrary-precision rational numbers to represent and process spatial data, thereby completely avoiding round-off errors caused by floating-point numbers, what could create topological impossibilities. The use of rationals goes beyond merely using existing packages, which are inefficient when used in parallel on large problems. Second, for efficiency, 3D-EPUG-Overlay will use high performance computing and a uniform grid to index the data. In order to validate these ideas, we developed and implemented EPUG-Overlay, a version of 3D-EPUG-Overlay for overlaying polygonal maps. EPUG-Overlay uses a two-level uniform grid for indexing the edges in the maps and high performance computing to accelerate the computations. Preliminary experiments showed that EPUG-Overlay was faster than GRASS GIS, even though GRASS uses inexact arithmetic. This suggests that the 3D version will also be efficient.


Trace or ultra-trace analysis is essential for bioanalysis. In biosamples, analytes usually coexist with various components from complicated matrices. Therefore, effective methods for the analysis of analytes at sub-trace levels have to be highly resolutive and highly sensitive. A number of methods with microscale techniques have the merit of high resolution such as capillary gas chromatography (GC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Unfortunately, a lot of analytes thus separated can not afford enough response for sensitive detection. Therefore, detection-oriented derivatization coupled with GC, LC or CE finds a wide-spread application. The main results of this work were summarized as follows: 1. Wu's group has developed a highly responsive reagent for electron-capture detection (ECD), 2(pentafluorophenoxy)ethyl 2-(piperidino)ethanesulfonate (PFPES). PFPES is a strong electrophore and it was used for GC-ECD of trans,trans-muconic acid at ultratrace levels. trans,trans-Muconic acid is a biomarker of human exposed to carcinogenic benzene (C6H6) from certain environment. The method is based on the derivatization of trans,trans-muconic acid with PFPES using potassium carbonate and 18-crown-6 ether as reaction activators. The resulting pentafluorophenoxy derivative of trans,trans-muconic acid was analyzed by capillary GC with ECD. The lower quantitation limit of the method is attainable at 0.3 μM of trans,trans-muconic acid with a detection limit of about 60 nM (S/N=3) (60 fmol per 1.0 μL injection). Application of the method to the analysis of trans,trans-muconic acid in urine proved feasible. 2. Further, application of PFPES to the analysis of iodide anion (iodide, I-) in processed seaweed was performed. The method is based on the derivatization of aqueous iodide extracted from seaweed with PFPES in toluene using tetra-n-hexylammonium bromide (THAB) as a phase-transfer catalyst. The resulting pentafluorophenoxyethyl iodide is highly responsive to an ECD and was analyzed by GC-ECD, giving a low detection limit of about 2.7 nM (2.7 fmol per 1.0 μL injection). Interferences of common anions in the analysis of iodide were studied and proved to be minimal. 3. We found that ofloxacin acyl chloride (OAC) is a potential chromophoric reagent for labeling amino analytes for CE. OAC was prepared by reacting ofloxacin with thionyl chloride and not isolated from the reacted solution due to its high reactivity. The reacted solution was concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The resulting residue dissolved with acetonitrile as OAC solution for derivatization. OAC has tertiary amino function in structure and the derivatives from OAC reacting with amino analytes can be ionized by an acid treatment and analyzed by simple capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). OAC was used to derivatize model analytes (without chromophore) of amantadine (amino drug), tranexamic acid (amino carboxylic acid), glycine and methionine (amino acids). The resulting derivatives were analyzed by CZE with UV detection (300 nm). The detection limits of the analytes were in the range of 1.0-2.5 μM (S/N=3, injection 3 s). The precision (relative standard deviation) and accuracy (relative error) of the method for intra- and inter-day analyses of the analytes were respectively below 4.5 % and 3.9 %. Application of the method to the analysis of tranexamic acid in plasma proved feasible. 4. Further application of OAC to the analysis of gabapentin and vigabatrin was studied. Gabapentin and vigabatrin are widely used as anticonvulsants. In structure, they are amino carboxylic compounds which lack practical chromophoric groups for detection by absorption spectrophotometry. Derivatization of gabapentin and vigabatrin with chromophoric OAC was performed and the OAC derivatives of analytes can be analyzed by simple CZE-UV (300 nm). The detection limit (S/N=3, injection 3 s) of the method for the gabapentin or vigabatrin was 5.0 μM. Application of the method to the analysis of gabapentin and vigabatrin in pharmaceutical preparations proved simple and feasible. The precision (relative standard deviation) and accuracy (relative error) of the method for intra- and inter-day analyses of both drugs in pharmaceuticals were below 3.1 % and 4.8 %, respectively.


Room-temperature strong coupling of a single quantum emitter and a single resonant plasmonic mode is a key resource for quantum information processing and quantum sensing at ambient conditions. To beat dephasing, ultrafast energy transfer is achieved by coupling single emitters to a plasmonic nanoresonator with an extremely small mode volume and optimal spectral overlap. Typically, normal mode splittings in luminescence spectra of single-emitter strongly-coupled systems are provided as evidence for strong coupling and to obtain rough estimates of the light-matter coupling strength g. However, a complete anticrossing of a single emitter and a cavity mode as well as the characterization of the uncoupled constituents is usually hard to achieve. Here, we exploit the light-induced oxygen-dependent blue-shift of individual CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots to tune their transition energy across the resonance of a scanning plasmonic slit resonator after characterizing both single emitter and nano resonator in their uncoupled states. Our results provide clear proof of single-emitter strong light-matter coupling at ambient condition as well as a value for the Rabi splitting at zero detuning 100 meV, consistent with modeling, thereby opening the path towards plexitonic devices that exploit single-photon nonlinearities at ambient conditions.


pecific biomarkers reflect different pathophysiological aspects of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Of these biomarkers, cardiac troponin (cTn) plays an important role in the diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and management of patients with suspected ACS. The diagnostic cutoff value for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) recommended in the universal definition of myocardial infarction is a cTn value that exceeds the 99th percentile of a healthy population (upper reference limit), as determined by an assay with acceptable precision (coefficient of variation ≤10%) at the upper reference limit.1 Although most conventional cTn assays do not fulfill the analytical criteria, recently developed high-sensitivity cTn assays possess a more than 10-fold lower limit of detection and meet the analytical precision requirements. The improved analytical sensitivity of the cTn assay facilitates the precise quantification of myocardial injury, irrespective of its etiology.


A composition containing Rubus Coreanus Miquel extract is provided to prevent and treat osteoporosis due to an effect inducing osteoblast activities and an effect suppressing osteoclast activities at the same time. A composition containing Rubus Coreanus Miquel extract comprises the steps of: obtaining a first extract by extracting Rubus Coreanus Miquel with alcohol; and obtaining ethyl acetate-soluble neutral fraction by extracting the first extract with ethyl acetate. The extract includes a compound represented by chemical formula 1 to an active component. In chemical formula 1, R is H or C1-C4 alky. The compound is ethyl ester protocatechuate represented by chemical formula 2. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol.


This article has as aim to announce the results of a clinical question referred about the intestinal cleanliness method most adapted for the pediatric population before a colorectal surgery, in order to diminish the electrolytic alterations for the utilization of the same ones and hereby to provide a better intestinal preparation with the minor risks. Is true the method of intestinal cleanliness it is a medical indication, the infirmary professionals must think about his work and wonder it brings over of his own practice and to work in a surest way (Young, 2003). There was realized a search, review and analysis of the scientific literature for that there were use different databases, as for example seeker academic GOOGLE, administrators of articles PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIELO and Cochrane in Spanish and English language. Found 31 investigations that refer to the interest topic in indirect form. The conclusion were that the fosfosoda oral is effective and better tolerated in the intestinal cleanlinesses with the exception of the magnesium citrate who overcomes in flavor, for this could be an option for the use in pediatric populations. Nevertheless to use cautiously it's recommended to take renal function test and electrolytic pre, trans and post administration, added to the use of intravenous solutions mixed or electrolytic balanced intravenous as reinstatement to the losses. Nevertheless, there is no forceful evidence to determine which method of intestinal cleanliness is better and less risky for the children.


The approach to sepsis in the horse, both young and old, has evolved over the last 30 yr and has resulted in improved treatment approaches and outcomes, both for life and for function. Future improvements require the use of modern molecular techniques and prospective clinical studies. Author's address: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. © 2009 AAEP.


Recently, people pay more attention to the grid technology. It can not only connect all kinds of resources in the network, but also put them into a super transparent computing environment for customers to realize mete-computing which can share computing resources. Traditional parallel computing system, such as SMP(Symmetrical multiprocessor) and MPP(massively parallel processor), use multi-processors to raise computing speed in a close coupling way, so the flexible and scalable performance of the system are limited, as a result of it, the system can't meet the requirement of the grid technology. In this paper, the architecture of cluster computing system applied in grid nodes is introduced. It mainly includes the following aspects. First, the network architecture of cluster computing system in grid nodes is analyzed and designed. Second, how to realize distributing computing (including coordinating computing and sharing computing) of cluster computing system in grid nodes to construct virtual node computers is discussed. Last, communication among grid nodes is analyzed. In other words, it discusses how to realize single reflection to let all the service requirements from customers be met through sending to the grid nodes.


Purpose – This paper stems from a study which was conducted as a means to first, find out whether there is a gap between the secondary and tertiary education levels, second identify any existing gap in Science and Technology education, and third, examine the impact of the above upon students' creativity and innovativeness at university level. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – As such, a group of teachers and students at both secondary and tertiary levels were selected as the sample of the study. Questionnaires were administered to trained secondary school teachers and to university students. Interviews were also conducted to triangulate data. These enabled an analysis of the current situation in terms of students' engagement/creativity/innovativeness in Science and Technology at secondary and tertiary levels. Findings – The findings reveal a problematic situation arising with respect to beliefs and what truly prevails in the education sector at secondary and tertiary le...


The growing interest in gaming activity has led to an increased interest in Nevada's economy. Gross gaming revenues are regarded as an important economic indicator of the Nevada economy and of considerable importance to the State's budgetary planning since taxes derived from these revenues represent almost fifty percent of the general revenues in any given year. The major objective of this study is to identify the time varying characteristics of quarterly gaming revenues over a twenty-year period for the three most important economic areas within Nevada. This will provide the basis for developing a meaningful forecasting methodology.

Examination of the gaming revenues for seasonal and non-seasonal fluctuations indicate that each area's revenues exhibited a consistent seasonal pattern and the amplitude of the seasonal fluctuation tended to diminish over time. No significant evidence of non-seasonal fluctuations such as business cycles could be found. Based on the time characteristics of the gaming revenues it was concluded that the autoregressive-moving average forecasting techniques suggested by Box and Jenkins would be the most appropriate forecasting methodology to employ. A Box-Jenkins model was estimated for each area over a period ending in 1974-IV and forecasts were generated for the period from 1975-I to 1977-IV. The forecasts were judged to be reasonably close to actual gaming revenues at least for the first 6 quarters of the forecast period.


The German national public officer—a term which covers public employees of every rank, from watchmen and gate-keepers to the chancellor, and in every type of occupation, from engineering to diplomacy, from teaching to service on the bench of the highest courts—has a very special status, governed in part by the constitution, in part by the Law of Officers, and in part by many other statutes, such as a law fixing salaries. This status involves many rights and privileges, and on the other hand, many duties and restrictions. The oath of office required of all national officers consists of a pledge to be faithful to the constitution, obedient to the laws, and conscientious in the performance of official duties. The law requires every officer to conduct himself at all times, even in his private capacity, in such a way as to merit the respect due to his office. Misconduct is liable to the "ordinary" penalties of reprimand, warning, and money fine, or, after due hearing, to the "disciplinary" penalties of suspension and dismissal. The criminal code takes cognizance of certain specified crimes and misdemeanors in office, such as the improper bringing about of arrests and prosecutions, and the falsification of official records. Naturally, the officer is also liable when he commits any other type of crime or misdemeanor. The rights and privileges of public officers are very substantial. National officers are appointed, as a rule, for life; unless any appointment is specified as being revocable, it is per se a life appointment, involving protection against arbitrary dismissal or suspension.


The effects of vitamin E and Hippophea rhamnoides L. extract (HRe‐1) on nicotine‐induced oxidative stress in rat heart were investigated. There were eight rats per group and supplementation period was 3 weeks. The groups were: nicotine [0.5 mg kg−1day−1, intraperitoneal (i.p.)]; nicotine plus vitamin E [75 mg kg−1day−1, intragastric (i.g.)]; nicotine plus HRe‐1 (250 mg kg−1day−1, i.g.); and the control group (receiving only vehicles). Nicotine increased the malondialdehyde level, which was prevented by both vitamin E and HRe‐1. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in nicotine plus vitamin E supplemented group was higher than the others. Glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity in nicotine plus HRe‐1 supplemented group was increased compared with the control group. Catalase activity was higher in nicotine group compared with others. GPx activity in nicotine plus vitamin E supplemented group was elevated compared with the others. Total and non‐enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities in nicotine plus vitamin E supplemented group were lower than nicotine plus HRe‐1 supplemented group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in nicotine plus HRe‐1 supplemented group compared with others. Glutathione reductase activity and nitric oxide level were not affected. Increased SOD and GST activities might have taken part in the prevention of nicotine‐induced oxidative stress in HRe‐1 supplemented group in rat heart. Flavonols such as quercetin, and isorahmnetin, tocopherols such as α‐tocopherol and β‐tocopherol and carotenoids such as α‐carotene and β‐carotene, reported to be present in H. rhamnoides L. extracts may be responsible for the antioxidant effects of this plant extract. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Pressure ulcers have some treatment steps, consisting of : 1) wound management, 2) surgical management, and 3) therapeutic devices. One of the complementary therapies is ozone therapy. Ozone therapy has anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-protozoal agents to heal the wound. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of modern dressing modification and ozone therapy for wound healing in patients with pressure ulcers. This study used a quasi-experimental design, with non-equivalent control group design. The population was all patients who had pressure ulcers Wocare Clinic in Bogor, and the number of samples was 16, divided into experimental group and control group, chosen by consecutive sampling technique. Instruments used were Bates Jansen Wound Assessment Tools for identifying accelerated wound healing. After the data were collected, they were processed and analyzed using univariate and bivariate with paired t-Test and independent t- Test. The results of the statistical test using Independent t-Test demonstrated the value of α = 0,000 < 0,05. Therefore, it can be concluded that "The use of modern modification of dressings and ozone therapy more effective on wound healing compared with the use of modern dressings course in patients with pressure ulcers". These results are consistent with the theories that support this study. Hence, it is suggested that future research on this topic are control the confounding factors and increase the number of respondents.


The standard model offers civil society's perspective on the creation, management and disposition of political society. There is a one-toone relationship between a civil society and a political society. In turn, each political society creates, manages and disposes of systems. Taken as a system-of-systems, a political society fulfills service missions on behalf of and at the behest of the civil society. Agreement on this point may be drawn from Aristotle to Burke: civil society views a political society as a contrivance to fulfill its needs. Our Constitutional Logic offers three purposes of political societies considered as constructs within civil or bourgeois society: (1) promoting private wealth (and its counterpart goal: avoiding wealth destruction); (2) disabling hostility to minorities identified as such; (3) setting a threshold by which minorities (in coalition) may block organic change.


Hermetia illucens or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have recently been used as an alternative source of protein in the processing of feed for various types of animals. Monogastric animals such as broiler, however, unable to completely consume all nutrient sources upon ingestion of the meal. The protease was then developed and used to treat the BSFL so that protein can be converted into amino acids, thereby enhancing the absorption of nutrients from broiler. In this analysis, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the optimum condition in obtaining the highest decrease in protein content (%) of the BSFL. A Central Composite Model (CCD) model with three variables: water volume (5-8 mL), protease volume (100-300 μL) and incubation time (30-90 min) was used to investigate the response variable, which was a decrease in the protein content (%). At the end of this experiment, optimum conditions were established as 5 mL of water, 100 μL of protease and 30 minutes of incubation time to treat BSFL to achieve a decrease in protein content of 10.5266%.


To be a competitive company, it's necessary that the quality has a high sense of importance for managers; some indicators such as market impact, the gradual increase in the interest of the academic community, the changes in its principles and practices and the organization of experts in the field, show the progress of this topic in organizations. Companies seek management systems that can be easily implemented, and in turn manage them effectively according to their different activities to achieve remain in an increasingly competitive environment; the key to effectively manage quality and risk prevention, is how to meet regulatory requirements and increasingly demanding needs of its main audiences: customers, society and workers, and at the same time allow them to be competitive. In this paper some authors suggest a number of tools for managing occupational hazards that can be used in any business, in order to identify different analysis methodologies and risk controls, based on them are consulted, develop a process that contributes to the continuous improvement of working environments for workers; it is also necessary to implement surveys in the manufacturing sector to corroborate the impact of occupational risk management in the competitiveness of enterprises.


Unions are making rapid gains in education and principals must organize to avoid having their roles determined by others, Barea warns. Principals can no longer afford to accept the remains of other labor agreements.


The translation of English movie titles exerts a direct influence on the publicity of that movie.This paper attempts to explain the aesthetic principle in the translation of English movie titles by introducing the beauty of meaning,pronunciation,sentence pattern and folklore.In this paper,the importance of the aesthetic principle in translation process is emphasized through some examples of the translation of English Movie Titles.It is expected to draw the translation community's attention.


This paper presents a framework for spatial analysis of multidimensional topographic data from point clouds. We have highlighted the challenges of working with multidimensional data for representing the topographic regions for spatial analysis and explained how spatial morphological methods can become first-hand support for processing unstructured data stored in point clouds. The theoretical model for spatial analysis is supported by experimental work on point cloud data of a random topographic region involving a sparse forest region. Special emphasis is given to computing ground-projected area estimations of geographical features. It is observed that morphological processing is equally useful for unstructured data points for extracting geospatial features including tree crowns and rooftops. This paper also highlights challenges in handling large data sets proposes to use morphology-based for addressing these problems and sets the pointer for future research in spatial analysis. The overall accuracy of 98.7% is obtained for surface object classification and segmentation.


Protection for sex workers needs to include access to contraception and maternity services. Health interventions need to be underpinned by the right political and legal framework.

Howard emphasises the importance of sexual and reproductive rights for sex workers in the UK and the need to prevent sexually transmitted infections and sexual violence.1 Policies that actively …


The invention relates to an assembly plant body models especially for a motor vehicle, using a turntable assembly (30) having N tools (10), characterized in that it comprises another rotary plate system (40) M having tools (10), M being greater than or equal to N, and an assembly robot (85) common to both systems tray turning (30, 40) for assembling the workpieces (15) of at least N different body models, regardless of the order of manufacture of such body models, while maintaining the maximum rate permitted by the characteristics of the robot (85) and two systems (30, 40).


The role of technology in the creative process is changing drastically, given the technological advancements of recent years. Although the role of technology is acknowledged in the systems approach to creativity, the model needs modifications to account for the increased importance of technology in the creative process. This article outlines the effects of technology on the individual, society, and the domain, and argues that the original model be revised to include a new component called the technology component. The proposed changes to the system are illustrated and the implications of a modified systems approach to the creative process are discussed.


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Here we investigate an optimal harvesting problem for a nonlinear age-dependent population dynamics. Existence and uniqueness of a positive solution for the model are demonstrated. The structure of the solution is also investigated. We establish the existence of the optimal control and the convergence of a certain fractional step scheme. For some approximating problems we obtain the optimal controllers in feedback form via the dynamic programming method.


We read with great interest the article by Filges et al. entitled 'aCGH on chorionic villi mirrors the complexity of fetoplacental mosaicism in prenatal diagnosis' (Filges et al., 2011). The authors report possible difficulties in interpreting results when prenatal diagnosis is performed after chorionic villus sampling using an array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) molecular cytogenetic technique. In our Fetal Medicine Center, we have carried out more than 25 000 chorionic villus samplings since 1983 (Saura et al., 2010a). To ensure reliability in cytogenetic examinations, we have 'campaigned' actively for several years now for cytogenetic techniques to be performed not on direct chorionic villi or on the cells that make up their cytotrophoblast but on the mesenchymal core of the villi (Toutain et al., 2008, 2010a,b; Saura et al., 2010b). In our opinion, the discrepancy in results described by Filges et al. when using an array-CGH technique after DNA extraction from direct chorionic villi and after DNA extraction from cultured villi merely 'proves' this concept and justifies our concerns (Toutain et al., 2010a; Saura et al., 2010b). We would, nevertheless, like to make a few additional comments concerning the article by Filges et al. We recently reported a series of 386 prenatal diagnoses in the first trimester of pregnancy in patients where the fetus presented ultrasound abnormalities (Toutain et al., 2010a). The patients were then given a rapid prenatal diagnosis using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to determine the main aneuploidies (i.e. trisomies 13, 18 and 21 and gonosomal aneuploidies) on interphase nuclei of cells from the mesenchymal core. This FISH technique was performed after enzymatic digestion of the chorionic villi by solutions of trypsin and then collagenase, at specifically adapted concentrations and for predefined durations (Kooper et al., 2009). Using this enzymatic digestion technique, we were able to eliminate a large proportion of the cells that made up the cytotrophoblast of the chorionic villi and isolate a majority of cells from the mesenchymal core (Kooper et al., 2009). Interestingly, by applying the FISH technique after enzymatic digestion of the chorionic villi, the cytogenetic results we obtained were just as reliable as those obtained after long-term cultured villi (Toutain et al., 2010a). In this study, we did not examine false positives, if any, from short-term cultured villi from cells of the cytotrophoblast. In fact, in our Fetal Medicine Center we have not performed shortterm cultured villi on a systematic basis since 1998. In this study, we did, however, examine short-term cultured villi retrospectively when a chromosomal abnormality had been identified using FISH and/or after long-term cultured villi. We were thus able to identify three false negatives from the short-term cultured villi or 3/386 (0.77%) of the prenatal diagnoses carried out and 3/88 (3.41%) of the chromosomal abnormalities identified from the mesenchymal core. At the time, we recommended that molecular cytogenetic techniques (such as FISH on interphase nuclei, array-CGH, quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)) should be performed from the cells of the mesenchymal core because the chromosome inheritance of this tissue is very similar to that of the fetus (Van den Berg et al., 2000). In addition, molecular cytogenetic techniques performed exclusively from the mesenchymal core have the advantage of not studying the cytotrophoblast, which may have a discordant chromosome inheritance and could therefore disrupt interpretation of the results (Waters et al., 2007; Lau et al., 2009; Filges et al., 2011). Concerning the advantage of examining the cytotrophoblast when diagnosing confined placental mosaicism (CPM), as described in case 1 by Filges et al. at the end of their article, we of course agree with the authors given these indications. When a CPM is suspected, for example when a chromosomal abnormality is initially identified in the mesenchymal core, it is extremely useful to examine the cytotrophoblast retrospectively to characterize the CPM type (i.e. type 2 or type 3) (Toutain et al., 2010b). We would like to point out that it is essential to distinguish pregnancies complicated by a type 2 CPM, where the outcome is comparable with that in the general population, from pregnancies complicated by a type 3 CPM, which in the vast majority of cases are associated with intrauterine growth retardation, fetal death in utero, prematurity and/or neonatal hypotrophy. As for the usefulness of characterizing type 1 CPM, which the authors mention, to our knowledge, this remains to be confirmed (Toutain et al., 2010b). On the basis of these points, we recommend that in practice the systematic short-term culture of the chorionic villi to establish fetal chromosome inheritance should be abandoned. In our opinion, its use should be limited to characterizing CPM type and confirming karyotype if it is suspected that contamination of the chorionic villi culture by maternal cells persists after selecting chorionic villi under binocular loop. We suggest that short-term culture should be replaced by rapid molecular cytogenetic techniques on the mesenchymal core of the villi, after specific enzymatic digestion has been applied. Finally, we would like to point out to Filges et al. that they could quite well have concluded their article by suggesting that prenatal diagnosis based on applying


Theobjective of this research was to analyze burning and heating on the stove ofjatropha-seeds with various of diameters and sarangan holes, in order to achieve the higher efficiency of the stoveof jatropha-seeds.  Thisresearch has been conducted in the machinery and workshop laboratory of TheAgricultural Engineering Program, The Agricultural Technology Department,Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya from April 2011 to October2011.  Themethod which is used in this research is block randomized design factorialmethod which consist of two treatment factors and each treatment factor consistof two stages and each treatment combination is repeated three times. The firsttreatment with two stages is the diameter of the sarangan holes (3 mm and 4mm), the second treatment with two stages is the amount of the sarangan holesper cm2 (2 pieces/cm2 and 4 pieces/cm2).  The parameter observed include the mainparameters and the supporting parameter. The main parameter is the fuel combustion rate, flame height ,efficiencyof water heating, the rate of water heating, and the supporting parameter includingflame temperature, fuel efficiency, burning time of the jatropha fuels, waterheating time, the difference temperature on the components of the stove.  The research result showed the best that sarangancontained on D1X1 with a combination of diameter (3 mm)and the amount of sarangan holes per-cm2 (2 pieces/cm2)with 0,69 kg/jam of combustion rate, 30 cm of flame height, the rate of waterheating 0,1245kkal/s, and the efficiency of waterheating 8,86 %. Keywords :The jatropha-seeds stove, Jatropha-seed fuels, and Sarangan of the jatropha-seedsstove


The lateral control deviation caused by insufficient control algorithm and defective actuator response Will lead to the deviation between the actual driving trajectory and planned trajectory. How to use the driving data to represent lateral control deviations and then generalize them to the correction of planned trajectories will further improve the driving safety of intelligent vehicles. In this paper, a statistical model is established to predict the lateral control deviation. The lateral control deviation between the planned trajectory and the actual driving trajectory is represented by velocity, curvature, and heading deviation. We select three kinds of features to train the statistical models: the previous, current, and future state of path point sequences. The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used to train the statistical model of lateral control deviation, and Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMR) is used to predict the lateral control deviation. Meanwhile, the actual driving trajectory of the vehicle can be generated directly according to the planned trajectory and the vehicle state. Experiment results show that the proposed method in this paper can predict the future lateral control deviation value With higher accuracy by comparing it with the K-means clustering method.


Ecotourism is a strategy that ensures the sustainability of the natural resources of the earth and encourages the economic development of local people while pre serving and protecting their social and cultural integrity. In recent years, developing countries with environmental and cultural diversity such as Turkey have accelerated their investments in this field. As the sustainable environment gains importance, site selection plays a major role in investments for ecotourism. This study aims to apply dual hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operator in the selection of alternative sites weighted by Nearest Interval Approximation and Goal Programming for sustainable ecotourism investment.


HEALTH FORMING TECHNOLOGY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF FEMALE STUDENTS OF HIGH SCHOOL N.V. Belkina, Ph. D., associate professor Pacific state university, Khabarovsk Key words: physical education of female students, health forming technology, improving kinds of gymnastics, Pilates, Izoton. The author develops and approves the technology based on the use in the structure of a year educational cycle of forms of occupations, used in womens training: classical aerobics, conditional gymnastics, Pilates and Izoton. The results of the research testify, that the authors health forming technology of physical education of female students allows to improve their physical development, motor and functional preparedness, the psycho emotional condition. It also allows to change the attitude to occupations of physical culture. The author recommends to use it on the faculties of physical education in high schools.


Political psychology occupies an uncertain space in the study of international relations and foreign policy. Longstanding but gradually receding conceptions of the international relations field as a series of paradigmatic clashes among realist, liberal, Marxist, and constructivist approaches, or even between rationalism and constructivism, leave little if any room for the beliefs, personalities, emotions, perceptions, and decision-making processes of individual political leaders. 1 Many of the leading research programs in the international relations field today – including realist balance of power and transition theories, the bargaining model of war, democratic peace and capitalist peace theories, and a variety of institutionalist theories – give little or no causal weight to the role of individual political leaders. Debates in international political economy are commonly centered around system, state, and society-centered approaches while neglecting the individual level altogether (Ikenberry, Lake, & Mastanduno, 1988). Constructivist approaches, which should in principle be open to the inclusion of psychological variables, have until recently given little attention to individual agency (Shannon and Kowert, 2012). 2


Cyclins play a key role in controlling progression through the cell cycle. They act as regulatory subunits of p34cdc2/CDC28 and related cyclin‐dependent protein kinases (cdks). In vertebrates, cyclins B1 and B2 function during M phase, whereas cyclin A is required for S phase as well as the G2 to M phase transition. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel vertebrate cyclin, termed cyclin B3. The assignment of this cyclin to the B‐type subfamily is based on its cDNA‐derived sequence and its pattern of expression in synchronized cells, both suggesting a distant relationship to other B‐type cyclins. Interestingly, however, cyclin B3 also displays properties that resemble those of A‐ rather than B‐type cyclins. Specifically, cyclin B3 localizes to the cell nucleus throughout the cell cycle, and is able to associate in vivo with at least two kinase subunits, p34cdc2 and p33cdk2. Furthermore, deletion of 26 amino acids from the C‐terminus of cyclin B3 impairs both its interaction with kinase catalytic subunits and its nuclear localization, reminiscent of recent results obtained with cyclin A. Based on these observations, we conclude that cyclin B3 may share functional properties with both A‐ and B‐type cyclins.


year-old Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu have harmed Pinus tabulaeformis in Laofu Forest Farm in Chifeng, which have been controlled by use of 6HYB-25AD(W) fog machine to spray chemical medicine. In this paper, climatic factor related to control of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu have been analyzed by use of degree of relatedness.


I made and archived a series of photographs of the pigmentation patterns and body scars on a rehabilitated gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus, (JJ) just before her return to the Pacific Ocean in March 1998. These features should allow her to be distinguished from other whales that strand and from free-ranging whales that are being monitored with photo-identification techniques along the coastlines of the north Pacific Ocean.


During the 2007-2008 academic year, the University of Arkansas implemented the Freshman Engineering Program (FEP), a new first-year experience program for engineering students. The FEP was originally proposed to the engineering faculty as an effort to improve the retention of new engineering students from their freshman to their sophomore years. As a result, the activities of the Academic and Student Services Sub-Programs executed by the faculty and staff of the FEP are all intended to improve students' likelihood of academic success and/or to increase students' desire to pursue an engineering degree. Since improving freshman-to-sophomore retention was a primary goal of the FEP, a significant amount of data has been collected on each of the 763 students enrolled in the first two FEP cohorts. This data includes demographic information, ACT (or similar) scores, high school GPA, AP (or similar) scores, first-semester class schedule and grades, second-semester enrollment data, second-semester class schedule and grades, third-semester enrollment data, and information related to the process used by students in selecting their engineering major for the sophomore year. Our primary objective in constructing and analyzing this data set is to identify intervention programs that will promote increased retention rates for these students. In this paper, we present what we view to be the most interesting results of our analysis of this data. These results primarily include tabulated counts from selected categories of the data. In the second year of our program (2008-2009), we implemented several intervention programs related to our students' performance in their firstsemester mathematics courses. Therefore, the performance of our second cohort in their firstsemester mathematics courses is a focus of our paper. We also present a brief synopsis of the activities of the activities associated with the execution of the Academic and Student Services Sub-Programs of the FEP. The Freshman Engineering Program at the University of Arkansas During the 2007-2008 academic year, the University of Arkansas implemented the Freshman Engineering Program (FEP), a new first-year experience program for College of Engineering (CoE) students at the University of Arkansas. The mission of the FEP is to nurture the academic success, professional development, and individual growth of first-year engineering students by establishing the foundation for their excellence in the study and practice of engineering. The FEP strives to be a national model for the first-year experience in engineering. In support of this vision, we strive to provide first-year engineering students with ≠ engaging and high-quality instruction in coursework that is relevant to the modern engineering student and is appropriate based on their individual K-12 preparation, ≠ meaningful experience in applying the engineering problem-solving approach and communicating their solutions to engineering problems, ≠ meaningful experience on diverse teams in applying the engineering design process and communicating their designs, P ge 15178.2 ≠ the essential and motivating information about the engineering disciplines so that they make an informed choice about their engineering major, are capable of functioning on multi-disciplinary engineering teams, and appreciate the role of engineering in modern society, and ≠ proactive and high-quality academic advising, professional development opportunities, peer mentoring, and peer tutoring, and we strive to produce a large proportion of first-year engineering students who, one year after enrolling at the University of Arkansas, are ≠ highly motivated and academically prepared to pursue an undergraduate engineering degree at the University of Arkansas, ≠ knowledgeable of the responsibilities and opportunities associated with being an undergraduate engineering student, ≠ advocates for the modern engineering profession, the Freshman Engineering Program, the College of Engineering, and the University of Arkansas, and ≠ engaged in the College of Engineering and university communities. The FEP is executed via two interdependent sub-programs – the Freshman Engineering Academic Program (FEAP) and the Freshman Engineering Student Services Program (FESSP). These sub-programs are executed by a faculty Director, two full-time professional staff members, one full-time instructor, seven graduate teaching assistants (one from each CoE academic department – note that the Computer Engineering and Computer Science degrees are offered by a single department, Computer Science and Computer Engineering), approximately thirty peer mentors who are undergraduate CoE students, and several undergraduate math and science tutors. The Freshman Engineering Academic Program The FEAP is a two-semester, thirty-credit-hour program. The required courses in the Fall Semester are: GNEG 111


Similar to how Ne zha grows, microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass at low temperature firmly moves from a fundamental laboratory to a pilot scale.


Objective:To evaluate the significance of abnormal expression of interleukin 10(IL 10) in systemic lupus erythematosus and the relationship between IL 10 aberrant expression and lupus predisposition, disease activity and prognosis. Methods:ABC ELISA was used to analyze IL 10 serum levels, and LightCycler fluorescent quantification system was used to validate the aberrant expression of IL 10 mRNA.Results:Either the serum IL 10 levels or IL 10 mRNA expression was significantly increased in patients with SLE compared with the control.There was a positive linear correlation between serum IL 10 and IL 10 mRNA expression in PBMCs. IL 10 levels measured in serum and in supernate of cultured PBMCs in SLE patients with positive anti dsDNA antibody or with lupus nephritis were significantly higher than those measured in patients with negative anti dsDNA antibody or without lupus nephritis respectively. Although IL 10 levels of active patients were higher than those of inactive ones, there was no significant difference in statistics; furthermore the IL 10 levels are not correlative to the SLEDAI. The IL 10 level in cultured PBMCs supernate of SLE patients, whether it was spontaneously secreted or after stimulation by PHA, was significantly higher than that in normal control. Conclusion:Abnormally high expression of IL 10 may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE, especially to certain damages,such as lupus nephritis.


Outlines how an airline is introducing robot technology to its tray setting area and a general management and scheduling software suite to control its catering operations. Describes how the supply of meals to flights is operated on a just‐in‐time basis. Using a computer database created from aircraft schedules of all flights requiring a catering service, information on the meals to be provided is sent to the automated tray assembly line, with passenger requirements being continually updated until the food trolleys are delivered to the tarmac. Concludes that using JIT techniques for ordering food from the kitchens ensures freshness of supply, quality of service and efficiency of operation.


One cannot be both Black and in higher educa tion in white America. Current higher education is either irrelevant to or has negative consequences for Blacks, in cluding the exploitation of the miseries of nearby residents. The Blacks in white institutions are agents of the Estab lishment. My own experiences at various colleges and uni versities taught me this lesson. Integration and student busing are misleading issues. The problem is to keep Blacks from "walking the white line." Only wholly Black institu tions will create a new definition of Black education in white America.


In addition to thinking about the meanings of solidarity, it is important to address how solidarity of the appropriate sort can be cultivated. Possibilities include the transformative power of key individuals or events; and the role of institutions. In health care it is suggested that a combination of the two strategies is required.  Professional conduct includes not only acting in 'face to face' delivery, but also engaging with those institutions which enable or disable certain ways of acting, so that they are constantly subject to revision to ensure that they facilitate the provision of decent healthcare.


Following the ideas kf Balashow, Martin and Crow we have isolated the resonant part of the transition amplitude for auto-ionization from the 2S state, in several different ways 1) from the pure theoretical T matrix, 2) from the theoretical cross section using Shore parameters and 3) from an experimental cross section where the theoretical cross section has been convoluted whit an experimental resolution. Our conclusion is that variations of the o-parameter reported in [1] is a result of both post-collisional interaction as well as an effect of the experimental resolution.


This paper proposes an answer to the question of why social unrest sometimes occurs in the wake of an IMF Structural Adjustment Program (SAP). Under certain circumstances, partly determined by a country's comparative advantage, a nation's elite may have an incentive to make transfers to the rest of society through government employment in order to quell social unrest. But under an SAP, the elite are constrained from making such transfers and consequently social unrest may arise. The paper proposes a framework from which a prediction can be made about the circumstances under which social unrest can be expected to occur. It then takes this prediction to the data and finds empirical support for it.


The benefits of a palliative care approach to patients with chronic and progressive neurologic conditions has garnered increasing interest over recent years. In the article by Gao et al, 1 the authors describe their work investigating the effectiveness of a short term integrated palliative care (SIPC) intervention for patients with advanced neurologic disease. Patients with Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were recruited along with their caregivers to participate in a study across 7 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Patients were randomized to receive SIPC vs standard care for 12 weeks followed by the standard care model. A diverse set of outcome measures was studied including changes in physical symptoms as measured by the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for neurologic conditions (IPOS Neuro-S8), psychological stress, caregiver burden, costs, and quality of life. Additionally, the study included a smaller qualitative analysis of patients and caregivers to assess satisfaction with the intervention and concordance with the quantitative results. No significant difference in physical symptoms was seen between the intervention and control group. The SIPC group saw a significant reduction in symptom burden over the 12-week study period; reduction was also seen to a lesser degree in the control group. The authors found SIPC to be less costly than standard care to improve palliative care symptoms but this difference was not statistically significant, and there was no difference in adverse events or survival between the groups. Qualitative analysis suggested benefits of SIPC including themes of "adapting to losses and building resilience," "attending to function, deficits and maintaining stability," and "enabling carers to care". By definition, palliative care is person-centered care that is delivered by a team of health care professionals. In neurology, disease prognosis, associated symptoms, and functional outcomes can vary widely between neurologic diseases and even between 2 patients with the same disease. 2 This variancecreatesachallengeforevidence-basedneuropalliativecareimplementationandoutcomes research. Randomized clinical trials are few, and most studies are single-center. Mixed methods research has been one strategy suggested to enhance palliative care research, 3 and in Gao et al, this approach helps to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the intervention. The study by Gao et al attempts to (1) assess a randomized palliative care intervention across multiple health centers; (2) use the same intervention in multiple neurologic diseases; and (3) incorporate a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses examining a broad array of outcomes, including symptoms, satisfaction, and cost.


How to make mobile manipulator autonomously identify and locate target object in unknown environment, this is a very challenging question. In this paper, a multi-sensor fusion method based on camera and laser range finder (LRF) for mobile manipulations is proposed. Although the camera can acquire rich perceptual information, the image processing is very complex and easily influenced from the change in ambient light. Moreover, it can not directly provide the depth information of the environment. Since the LRF has the ability to directly measure 3D coordinates and the stability against the ambient light influence, meanwhile, the camera has the ability to acquire color information, the combination of the two sensors by making use of their advantages is utilized to obtain more accurate measurements as well as to simplify information processing. To overlay the camera image with the measurement points of the LRF pitching scan and to reconstruct the 3D image which includes the depth-of-field information, the model and the calibration of the system are built. Based on the combination of the color features extracted from the color image and the shape, size features extracted from the 3D depth-of-field image, the target object identification and localization are implemented autonomously. In order to extract the shape and size features, a triangular facet normal vector clustering (TFNVC) algorithm is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method and algorithm are validated by some experimental testing and analysis carried out on the mobile manipulator platform.