Increased stressful experiences are pervasive among healthcare providers (HCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying resources that help mitigate stress is critical to maintaining HCPs' well-being. However, to our knowledge, no instrument has systematically examined how different levels of resources help HCPs cope with stress during COVID-19. This cross-sectional study involved 119 HCPs (64 nurses and 55 physicians) and evaluated the perceived availability, utilization, and helpfulness of a list of personal, hospital, and healthcare system resources. Participants also reported on their level of burnout, psychological distress, and intentions to quit. Results revealed that HCPs perceived the most useful personal resource to be family support; the most useful hospital resources were a safe environment, personal protective equipment, and support from colleagues; the most useful system resources were job protection, and clear communication and information about COVID. Moreover, HCPs who perceived having more available hospital resources also reported lower levels of psychological distress symptoms, burnout, and intentions to quit. Finally, although training and counseling services were perceived as useful to reduce stress, training was not perceived as widely available, and counseling services, though reported as being available, were underutilized. This instrument helps identify resources that support HCPs, providing implications for healthcare management.


A musical medley is a piece of music that is composed of parts of existing pieces. Manually creating medley is time consuming because it is not easy to find out proper clips to put in succession and seamlessly connect them. In this work, we propose a framework for creating personalized music medleys from users' music collection. Unlike existing similar works in which only low-level features are used to select candidate clips and locate possible transition points among clips, we take song structures and song phrasing into account during medley creation. Inspired by the musical dice game, we treat the medley generation process as an audio version of musical dice game. That is, once the analysis on the songs of user collection has been done, the system is able to generate various medleys with different probabilities. This flexibility brings us the ability to create medleys according to the user-specified conditions, such as the medley structure or some must-use clips. The preliminary subjective evaluations showed that the proposed system is effective in selecting connectable clips that preserved chord progression structure. Besides, connecting the clips at phrase boundaries acquired more user preference than previous works did.


Women and men have certain roles and responsibilities in social life. These roles and responsibilities are determined by gender. The perception of gender can be different in urban and rural areas. In this research, the gendered perception of women was investigated specifically in Tokat province. 175 women and 125 men in 25 quarters of the central district of Tokat province, who had immigrated from rural to urban areas, were given a questionnaire. The study was aimed at identifying certain views on the family life of the woman, the work life of the woman, whether the man was considered as the leader of the family, and whether these views had a relationship with gender. The study was investigated statistically using Chi-square analysis. The statistical analysis showed that there existed a significant relationship between the views of the participants on gender, and their sex. Rural women believe that women can run businesses, work as managers, continue working after marriage, their working will not hinder their household tasks and they believe that they can work after giving birth more than men do. The majority of the men that took part in the survey think that the man is the family's leader and that men should make the most important decisions. An important part of the men think women are vulnerable and they should be protected.


The paper studied the antagonism of 6 strains of actinomycetes against two kinds of Phytophthora capsici in different cultural media,cultural times and ultraviolet radiation treatments by agar lump method.The results showed that:The antagonism of 6 strains of actinomycetes had close relationship with their cultural media.Antagonistic activity was best in the PDA cultural medium,which can be used for the selecting of the actinomycetes against Phytophthora capsici.The antagonism of 6 strains of actinomycetes had close relationship to their cultural time.Using the agar lump method for the selecting of the antagonistic actinomycetes against Phytophthora capsici,the actinomycetes should be cultivated for 13 days.The 6 strains of actinomycetes had stronger antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici isolated from Qishan than that from Qinghai.The method of ultraviolet radiation irradiating the agar lump didn't reflect the structure of antibiotics secreted by strains whether it is stable or not.The product extracted from the fermentation liquids of the strains can reflect the structure of antibiotics whether it is stable or not.


Design and realization of a PC-based system for electrocardiography and data acquisition of a patient's heart condition is described in this paper. The system is designed and realized according to virtual instrumentation concept and it consists of two subsystems: 1) external compact and mobile ECG acquisition module with USB communication interface and 2) standard personal computer with graphical user interface and database support. The USB port is selected to be the communication interface between the ECG acquisition module and the PC and also to supply power to the module. The graphical user interface (GUI) is designed in the traditional style of ECG paper plots and additional displays based on suggestions of cardiologists. Strict medical requirements are respected in the design of the system


The phase transformations of zirconia are an important factor that makes it a valuable material for numerous applications in ceramics. The factors triggering the onset of the phase transformation are controversial. Evidence is presented to show that surface sites that adsorb oxygen at low temperatures (298-500 K) are responsible for causing the tetragonal {yields} monoclinic transformation at low temperatures. The incorporation of sulfate covers these sites and inhibits the tetragonal {yields} monoclinic transformation. 24 refs., 7 figs.


1792) was discovered in the collections at Natural History museum in Oslo. These specimens where sampled around a century ago and represent the fi rst and last records of their species from Norway. A brief discussion of the beetle's ecology attempts to shed light on the possibility of a present existence of these two species in the country.


This paper explores the development of the regional research and technology organization in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. It finds that rather than following a top-down approach, Gyeonggi policy-makers are taking a new bottom-up approach, which emphasizes the detailed analysis of local industry needs. The fresh idea presented by this paper is that it is necessary to understand the tensions between top-down traditions and bottom-up aspirations in regional innovation systems.


We examine optical limiting with C60-toluene for nanosecond optical pulses at 532 nm. When the input fluence is less than 50 J/cm2, optical limiting is due to a combination of reverse saturable absorption (excited state absorption) and self-defocusing. Nonlinear scattering was not observed. For a peak input fluence greater than 50 J/cm2, an acoustic report and broad-band emission indicate that optical breakdown occurs. We find C60- tetrahydronaphthalene to be a better optical limiter, at 532 nm, than tetrahydronaphthalene solutions of C76, C78, or C84. C84-tetrahydronaphthalene is shown to be an optical limiter at 1.064 micrometers .


This study aimed to introduce a novel loop neurorrhaphy technique using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap (VIBF) with vascularized ilioinguinal nerve (IIN) to reconstruct the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and preserve lower lip sensation simultaneously with mandibular reconstruction.


The NOAA/AVHRR images of the brightness temperature difference of 11 and 12 μm bands are utilized to detect Asian dust events during 1997-2000, and compared successfully for the events in 1998 and 2000 with the results of an on-line dust tracer model coupled with Regional Atmospheric Modeling System taking into account the surface wind, vegetation and snow coverage. The GMS-5/VISSR images of the same type are also useful to detect the dust events with its high frequency of observation and wide spatial coverage, though the sensitivity to diffused dust is inferior to the AVHRR.


There has been considerable debate about the cost of extraneous matter to the Australian sugar industry in recent years. Opinions are split as to whether it is worthwhile expending effort to reduce extraneous matter; whether extraneous matter should be reduced at the harvesting stage, separated at the factory, or processed with the cane; and whether benefits can be realised from the collection or processing of extraneous matter. In addition to these issues, payment for extraneous matter or penalties for the supply of extraneous matter need to be addressed. In 1998, Mossman Mill and the Sugar Research Institute provided experimental evidence of the effect of trash on factory throughput and performance. This earlier investigation found that trash had a significant effect on bin weight, CCS, crushing rate, final bagasse moisture content and mixed juice purity. In 1999 and 2000, further experiments were conducted to provide information with which to determine the effect of extraneous matter (with a focus on trash) on sugar production costs and revenues. Harvesting experiments were conducted to determine the effect of extractor fan speed and ground speed on extraneous matter, cane loss and harvesting costs. The experiments found a strong link between extractor fan speed and cane loss, leading to the conclusion that increases in extractor fan speed are not a satisfactory option for reducing extraneous matter. Factory experiments, similar to those conducted in 1998, were conducted to determine the effect of trash on factory throughput and performance. In addition to measuring the effect of trash on the parameters that were explored in 1998, samples of mixed juice were collected and processed into liquor using small-scale processing equipment. The results confirmed the 1998 results that reduced trash levels resulted in higher bin weight, higher CCS, higher crushing rate, lower final bagasse moisture content and higher mixed juice purity. The analysis of the liquor produced also determined that reduced trash levels resulted in higher liquor purity, a further indication that lower trash levels result in more sugar production.


The elucidation of the nature of the crust which originally underlay and delimited Archean volcanic-sedimentary greenstone belts is essential for the under-standing of the early Precambrian crustal record - and through it of early terrestrial evolution. Stratigraphic evidence from the Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons in Western Australia is consistent with data from the eastern Transvaal, Rhodesia and southern India, suggesting a fundamental dichotomy of major greenstone sequences. Two assemblages are recognized, including: 1 ) early greenstones which predate, and occur as xenoliths within, the isotopically oldest granites in each craton, and 2) late greenstones, which overlie the early greenstones through major paraconfor-mities accompanied by thick chert and acid volcanic units, and may in places overlap the early granites unconformably. The early granites typically consist of tonalite and granodiorite whose geochemical and isotopic parameters indicate derivation from parental basic materials. In this article, the possible relevance of these observations to the question of granite-greenstone relations in the Canadian Precambrian Shield is considered, with particular attention to the Archean crustal foundation of Keewatin (Abitibi) and Yellowknife greenstone belts.


In general terms, the aim of "System Identification" is to determine the dynamic characteristics of mechanical systems. These characteristics include both frequency characteristics (frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios) and the system's characteristic matrices (the matrices of mass, viscous damping, stiffness, Coulomb damping or coefficients of friction, and the Duffing stiffness). In such fields as "Damage Detection" in structures, identification of the system's characteristic matrices is of the same importance as the identification of the frequency characteristics, or even more so, by identifying these matrices, the intended goals in Damage Detection can be achieved. In line with such identification, a new algorithm for the system identification of shear structures is presented in the paper. Taking into account the fundamental and significant effect of noise attenuation in boosting the levels of precision and the correctness of system identification, this method helps to achieve noise attenuation by trimming noisy records in the frequency domain, in parallel with the identification of the structural system. The efficiency and precision of the method have been examined through the application of a "closed loop solution" to a five storey model of shear structure.


The reliability of computation offloading poses a challenge to aerial ground cooperative vehicular networks (AGCVNs) due to the highly dynamic and stochastic nature of ground-to-air (G2A) channels and channel interferences. In this paper, we develop a joint optimization model to maximize the reliability of computation offloading in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted and mobile edge computing (MEC)-enabled AGCVNs. Specifically, we jointly optimize the mobility of a UAV-mounted cloudlet and the data transmission scheduling of a ground vehicle that would like to offload computation tasks to the UAV under a data integrity constraint and a time horizon constraint. We theoretically characterize the distribution of the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the G2A channel regarding stochastic interferences and derive the expected offloading capacity and an upper bound of the variance of the offloaded data volume in the channel. We also derive a lower bound of the offloading reliability that the vehicle can successfully offload all the task data to the UAV via the G2A channel within a given time period. The lower bound can provide a mathematically tractable formulation of the reliability optimization objective for the network, which leads to a joint mobility optimization and data transmission scheduling method. We validate the derived theoretical models via simulations. The simulation results also show that the proposed joint optimization method achieves the offloading reliability of 99.4826% on average, outperforming the conventional computation offloading scheme by enabling the adaptive response of computation offloading to the network mobility.


The roots of Bessel functions of order one-half are special cases of roots of transcendental equations of the form tan z = A(z)/B(z), where A(z), B(z) are polynomials and A(z)/B(z) is odd. We prove that the function f(z) = B(z) sin z - A(z) cos z, f(z) even or odd, satisfies the conditions of Hadamard's factorization theorem, and derive recurrences for sums of the form SI = *- 1 aT 2t, 1 = 1, 2, * * *, where the ak's are the nonzero roots of f(z). We also prove under what conditions on A(z) and B(z) is S1 = ir212r(2l + 2) or S1 = Wv-212r(21 + 2)(221+2 - 1), where r is the Riemann zeta function. We prove that, although Bessel functions of positive half-order, JI+1/2, have only real roots, perturbation of


Predicting Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of systems has played an important role in various fields of reliability engineering analysis, including in aircraft engines. RUL prediction is critically an important part of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), which is the reliability science that is aimed at increasing the reliability of the system and, in turn, reducing the maintenance cost. The majority of the PHM models proposed during the past few years have shown a significant increase in the amount of data-driven deployments. While more complex data-driven models are often associated with higher accuracy, there is a corresponding need to reduce model complexity. One possible way to reduce the complexity of the model is to use the features (attributes or variables) selection and dimensionality reduction methods prior to the model training process. In this work, the effectiveness of multiple filter and wrapper feature selection methods (correlation analysis, relief forward/backward selection, and others), along with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a dimensionality reduction method, was investigated. A basis algorithm of deep learning, Feedforward Artificial Neural Network (FFNN), was used as a benchmark modeling algorithm. All those approaches can also be applied to the prognostics of an aircraft gas turbine engines. In this paper, the aircraft gas turbine engines data from NASA Ames prognostics data repository was used to test the effectiveness of the filter and wrapper feature selection methods not only for the vanilla FFNN model but also for Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. The findings show that applying feature selection methods helps to improve overall model accuracy and significantly reduced the complexity of the models.


To solve the information security problem which obstructs the further promotion of RFID system,a security solution for protecting secure communication among the tag,reader and backend database is proposed.It is respectively used LMAP and EAP-SAKE for providing secure communication in tag-reader and reader-backend database.The results indicate that this solution has less computation amount and requires little computation resource of tags.It provides mutual authentication,confidentiality protection and other security properties for tag,reader and backend database.


The effects of cigarette smoking fractions on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis were determined using the 51Cr‐assay. Water‐soluble fractions (WSF) of cigarette smoke produced from several tobacco types differed in inhibitory potencies (i.e., flue cured ≥ Maryland ≥ blended > Burley ≥ Turkish) corresponding to the respective unsaturated aldehyde content of the smoke from these tobaccos. Fractionation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) demonstrated that the more polar fractions were potent inhibitors of chemotaxis whereas those containing nicotine and the polycyclic hydrocarbons were weak inhibitors of chemotaxis. Unlike the inhibitory effects of WSFs, CSC fractions did not inhibit random migration and their inhibition of chemotaxis could not be completely prevented by reduced glutathione. These data suggest that while the α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes present in the vapor phase of smoke are among the most potent inhibitors of in vitro PMN chemotaxis, other polar, nonvolatile constituents of cigarette smoke also inhibit chemotaxis and by a mechanism which differs from that of the unsaturated aldehydes.


Social network analysis is the field devoted to the study of the systems of human interaction, including patterns of interactions (who interacts with whom and for how long), networks that emerge among individuals, and patterns of interaction within and between networks [1]. Data collection has traditionally relied on self-reported data from small numbers of people ("where I was, whom I was with, and for how long"). Known limitations are that data generally provide only snapshots in time and are influenced by known, systematic biases in self-reporting. The emergence of personal mobile communications has opened up new possibilities in collecting behavioral data from larger populations, over continuous periods of time, and with higher accuracy than selfreported data. The follow-on uses of the data – beyond theoretical insights into human behaviour and interaction patterns – include applications in fields as diverse as organizational management, city planning, and disease spread as a public health concern. This work developed a 3G/4G Smartphone application to gather interaction and location data logged by Bluetooth connectivity between individuals' personal mobile devices (e.g.Smartphones). The combined data formed a database of contact data, from which computational techniques were developed to generate and display meaningful social contact graphs, and further, on which disease spread models (SIR and variants) were simulated in the interest of understanding disease spread through a population.


Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is envisioned to meet high data rate requirements of cooperative environment perception of autonomous vehicles, thereby improving traffic safety and efficiency to a new level. By using stochastic geometry (SG), some works have investigated effects of vehicular mobility on mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks. However, they only consider two-dimensional (2D) beamforming rather than three-dimensional (3D) beamforming. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework using SG to resolve the effect of 3D beamforming on the throughput performance of dynamic mmWave V2I networks, by separately analyzing horizontal and vertical beam sojourn times. An integrated 3D system model containing the channel, blockage and antenna models is introduced, and the exact expression of effective throughput is derived, which characterizes the average data rate of the typical vehicle during one beam tracking period. Simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results, and reveal that an optimal roadside unit (RSU) density to maximize the effective throughput exists. What's more, ignoring the vertical beam of the antenna array overly underestimates both the optimal RSU density and the effective throughput under some conditions, which indicates that the effect of 3D beamforming is non-negligible when evaluating the throughput performance of dynamic mmWave V2I networks.


A method has been developed for the clean-up and determination of 22 polybrominated biphenyls( PBBs) and 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers( PBDEs) in biological medium. The eluting profiles of 49 compounds were established according to the results of GC quantitation with the eluted liquids in different collecting time. The samples were purified using gel permeation chromatography( GPC) to eliminate most of the lipids and waxes. Multi-layer silica gel was further used to remove the pigments. The quantitative analysis was performed with GC-( NCI) / MS for polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyl ethers. The limits of detection of 22 PBBs were in range of 0. 02-0. 88 ng / L,while 27 PBDEs were in range of 0. 01-74. 00 ng / L. The average fortified and coefficients of variation of the method were determined. The results showed that recoveries were between 80%-120% and the relative standard deviations were less than 20%. This method is precise,sensitive and highly efficient in extraction. After routine applications,the results indicated that this method is suitable for the determination of BFRs contents in the biological medium.


ZSM-5/amorphous silica composite materials with core-shell structure are synthesized by the sol-gel chemical synthesis method using ZSM-5 as core.The products are characterized by a series of techniques.A variety of factors which influence the thickness of shell and the appearance of mesoporous structure are investigated.The reaction system is optimized and concentrated in order to improve the yield of the solid products.The results indicate that the amount of the silicon added is the main factor affecting the shell thickness.The appearance of mesoporous structure is closely related to the chain length of templating agent.The composite materials with adjustable shell thickness can also be prepared in the optimized and concentrated reaction system.


The article is dedicated to the research of specificity of language material selection for introduction of Russian imperative mood in "Russian as a foreign language" ("RFL") classes. Authentic language materials from different discourses that best showcase the diversity of modern Russian language (such as young people slang, jargons, common folk slang etc.) are required for the modern approach of communicative competence improvement.


An intermediate atmospheric model coupled with a simple land‐surface model and a mixed‐layer ocean model is used to examine effects that determine the southward extension of summer precipitation over South America. The extent of the continental convergence zone is mainly determined by two mechanisms, which we term ventilation and the "interactive Rodwell‐Hoskins mechanism". Ventilation refers to the import into South America of low moist static energy air from the cooler ocean, primarily the Pacific. In the interactive Rodwell‐Hoskins mechanism, Rossby‐wave‐induced subsidence to the west of the diabatic heating interacts with the convection zone. Because of the shape of South America, the interactive Rodwell‐Hoskins mechanism is of comparable importance to ventilation. Soil moisture feedback also helps limit poleward movement of the continental convergence zone, but its effect is relatively weak compared to the above two effects. The characteristic northwest‐southeast tilt of the continental convergence zone appears to be due to a combination of ventilation and the interactive Rodwell‐Hoskins mechanism.


This paper contributes to the debate on strategy implementation failure. It reports on a qualitative case study that explored factors that hindered strategy implementation at a South African electronics organisation. A blue-chip organisation whose performance had deteriorated over a period of time, was purposively selected for this study. Data was collected from top, middle and frontline managers of the organisation by means of interviews. Data was qualitatively analysed. Findings include that strategy implementation failed because strategy had not been designed to facilitate implementation. The reasons for the strategy implementation failure originated in the strategy formulation phase, a finding that is consistent with previous research. It is concluded and recommended that strategy formulation should be revisited with a focus on the design of an implementable strategy, as formulation and implementation are inextricably interwoven. The interwoven nature of strategy formulation and implementation contributes to the complexity of the phenomenon, which is poorly understood.


The actuation mechanism of TiNi shape memory alloy wires, which were deformed at parentphase followed by a cooling process under constant strain constraint, was investigated. The experimental resuhsshow that the two-step reverse martensitic transformation behavior occurs during the heating process, and the tem-perature range of reverse transformation was olwiously widened with the increasing of prestrain,The recovery strainvs temperature curves exhibits an actuation eharaeteristic of linear output recovery strain in a wide temperaturerange.


This paper introduces a novel fault diagnosis approach for transformer based on self-powered radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor and deep learning technique. The exploited RFID sensor tag with functionalities of signal collection, data storage, and wireless transmission employs surrounding electromagnetic field as power source. A customized power management circuit, including ac–dc converter, supercapacitor, and its corresponding charging circuit, is presented to guarantee constant dc power for the sensor tag. The measured vibration signal contains miscellaneous noises and is characterized as nonlinearity and nonstationarity, so it is difficult to extract robust and useful features by using traditional feature extraction approaches. As one of the deep learning techniques, stacked denoising autoencoder (SDA) shows satisfactory performance in learning robust features from complex signal. Hence, in this paper, SDA approach is employed to learn robust and discriminative features from measured signals. The experimental results show that the presented power supply can generate 2.5-V dc voltage, which is the rated operating voltage for the rest of the sensor tag. The developed sensor tag can achieve a reliable communication distance of 17.3 m in the test environment. Furthermore, the SDA approach shows satisfactory performance in learning robust and discriminative features. Experimental results indicate that the presented approach is effective and time-saving in terms of fault diagnosis for transformer winding and core.


The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of EH40 high strength ship plate steel with thickness of 68 mm was studied by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties detection device.The results indicate that there were little changes in the microscopic structures after tempering from 500℃to 670℃for the steel plate,but with the increase of tempering temperature, the carbides precipitated dispersively and distributed uniformly in steel plate interior,and the strength decreased and toughness increased;the steel plate had optimal strength and ductility properties after tempering at 600℃for 3.5 h.


Heat transfers and hot stamp foils are meeting the challenge of decorating under-the-hood auto parts, microwave cookware and «exotic» plastics


With the improvement of the rural economic level, the industrialization of urbanization has gradually accelerated. At the same time, it has also brought serious damage to the rural water ecological environment. More and more untreated pollutants are directly discharged into the water body, exceeding the self-purification capacity of the water body, resulting in black and odorous water bodies and causing serious water pollution. This study expounded on the characteristics of black and odorous water bodies in rural China, explored the causes of black and odorous water bodies, deeply analyzed the treatment effects of various treatment technologies on black and odorous water bodies in rural areas, and discussed the urgent needs of resource treatment of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas under the new situation of environmental protection. This study is of great significance for the study of rural black and odorous water bodies and the protection of rural water ecology and also provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rural water pollution. This study expounded on the characteristics of black and odorous water bodies in rural China, explored the causes of black and odorous water bodies, deeply analyzed the treatment effects of various treatment technologies on black and odorous water bodies in rural areas, and discussed the urgent needs of resource treatment of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas under the new situation of environmental protection. This study is of great significance for the study of rural black and odorous water bodies and the protection of rural water ecology and also provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rural water pollution.


In Reply: Drs Hou and Zhang note the limitation related to use of filled prescriptions as a proxy for drug exposure in our study. Because it is not known whether women actually used the drugs they purchased from the pharmacy, misclassification of exposure because of nonadherence may have introduced a bias toward the null. However, using a nationwide registry on filled prescriptions also has several advantages. In view of the difficulties in performing studies of drug safety in pregnancy because of the relative rarity of both exposure and outcome, the use of nationwide registry data allows the identification of a sufficient number of exposed pregnancies to reach adequate power, at least for birth defects in aggregate. Furthermore, antivirals are prescribed for acute infections, and women who filled prescriptions for these drugs are therefore more likely to have used the drugs compared with (as an example) those who filled prescriptions for drugs prescribed for prophylactic indications. Moreover, people who fill prescriptions for drugs seem very likely to have used them since they have traveled to a pharmacy and purchased the drugs. Hou and Zhang also suggest that the reason for the increase of antiviral exposure over time is unclear. A probable explanation is that the only previous study of reasonably large size examining acyclovir safety in early pregnancy was published in 2004. After its publication, Danish physicians started prescribing acyclovir to pregnant women with increased confidence in its relative safety. Hou and Zhang suggest that our conclusion of no association between antivirals and birth defects could be further tested by analyzing birth defect risks over time intervals. Applying identical methodology as in our article, we analyzed the association between antiviral exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy and major birth defects among live births in Denmark in the periods 1996-1998 (7 cases among 205 exposed [3.4%] vs 2.2% in the unexposed; adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-3.27), 1999-2001 (2 cases among 273 exposed [0.7%] vs 2.3% in the unexposed; aPOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.07-1.21), 2002-2004 (13 cases among 435 exposed [3.0%] vs 2.5% in the unexposed; aPOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.66-2.01), and 2005-September 2008 (18 cases among 891 exposed [2.0%] vs 2.5% in the unexposed; aPOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50-1.28). There was no significant difference among the time periods (test for homogeneity, P=.11).


Batik is the one of industry in Indonesia which has great development, especially in Central Java, Batik industry can grow until 91,6%. The demand of Batik exactly will can increase the production capacity. The high demand of batik can give impact in high of production capacity. Inspite of, the production of batik through in traditional process, so they need the high energy and give the high waste for the effect, especially the using of water as the resources for colouring and washing process. So, from that problems is needed to identify amount of energy, material which is used in Batik Cap Production for knowing the part of production procces which have high the material, energy and waste. The method to draw the flow of material and waste is Sankey Diagram. Before doing the analyze using Sankey Diagram, is needed the kind of waste which is produced by in Batik Cap Production. This result show that the liquid waste is the highest, and the total amount of energy is 35.687 MJ, after analyze and giving the solution for the using of energy, amount of energy is decrease 82% and 73% for water.
Keywords: Batik, Life Cycle Assesment, Limbah, Sankey Diagram


Parasites and pathogens that begin as symbionts, i.e., organisms living together in the same habitat, are some of the most promising drivers of species evolution. Because insects are highly diverse and important as ecosystem service agents and because mites can exert large effects on insect populations (capable of killing at least juveniles), insect–mite interactions have been analyzed from various perspectives, including evolutionary, ecological and pest‐management perspectives. Here, I review and examine insect–mite symbiotic associations to develop hypotheses concerning the factors that maintain and develop their relationships. Previous studies have hypothesized that insect sociality and mite richness and specificity affect insect–mite interactions. I found that both solitary and social insects, including parasocial and subsocial insects, harbor numbers of symbionts including species‐specific ones but few dangerous mite symbionts in their nests or habitats under natural conditions. Nest size or the amount of food resources in a nest may affect mite richness. On the basis of this review, I hypothesize that the insect characteristics relevant for mite symbiotic hosting are sharing the same habitat with mites and living in a nutrient‐rich habitat. I also suggest that many cases of species‐specific symbiosis began with phoresy. To test these hypotheses, phylogenetic information on mites living with insect groups and quantitative analysis to characterize each insect–mite relationship are necessary.


The development of efficient luminescent materials in the solid state attracts great attention for their potential applications. Based on this importance, we presented the structure–property relati...


In this paper we pr opose a new method of converting conventional PAL/NTSC TV signal to SVGA and XG A for-mat.It is implemented by controlling the reading mode of the frame memor y to up convert the vertical scan lines.Then a small dual-port RAM is used to up convert the horizontal pixel numbers.The interpolation method is motion adap tive inter/in-tra-field and is mainly based on the bilinear method.Also a si mplified scheme of the proposed design is introduced.The de-sign is implemente d on FPGA and is verified to have good results.


The article deals with ethical questions regarding a future global energy supply by considering the normative aspects of economic efficiency, long-term liabilities, environmental sustainability, social acceptability and distributive equity. If these criteria are applied from a global perspective to existing and feasible energy options (fossil fuels, nuclear energy, fusion energy, renewables, solar power from space, improvements in energy efficiencies), there are no definite results, i. e. there is no option which is optimal in respect of all criteria. Due to the ambiguity of respective evaluations, mankind has to make its decisions under conditions of a "provisional moral" (Descartes). Regarding the ethical issues dealt with in the debate on the global energy supply, in particular two postulates arise: Both an improvement in knowledge and an improvement in the categories and procedures of ethical reflection are required.


Buckling-driven disbond growth in adhesivelybonded flange configurations having one-edge-free boundary conditions was investigated from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. The objective of this paper is to provide predictive capability for this type of problem, and to validate the predictions by experiments. The closed-form theoretical model is shown to be accurate when predicting both buckling and disbond growth initiation strains, as measured by tests on composite splice jointed sandwich panels having embedded disbonds. Conditions for stable and unstable disbond growth are discussed.


Th e article discusses methodological approaches to assessing economic security, as well as their transformation in modern conditions. According to the authors, the trend towards an increase in economic crimes in the future will continue, and the damage from them will increase, which raises the question of the development (adjustment) of appropriate models and preventive measures, to which the authors include, fi rst of all, regular monitoring of the information field and the dynamics of accounts receivable.


The results of ichthyological and parasitological studies of the Kureiskoye reservoir are presented. The features of the formation of ichthyofauna during the formation of a reservoir and its industrial use are shown. The ichthyofauna of the Kureiskoye reservoir was formed on the basis of the indigenous fauna of the river. Kureyki. The modern composition of fish includes 22 species. Grayling fish are represented only by the Siberian grayling — Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776). This species has a relatively small number of scales in the lateral line (no more than 95). Grayling is found in Lake Munduyskoye, which on average has about 100 scales. Since Munduyskoye Lake belongs to the river basin Kureyka, we believe that the second species, the black Baikal grayling Th. baicalensis (Dybowski, 1874) is also present. The main processes of its formation took place as in the Khantaskoye reservoir. Currently, the number of salmon and whitefish is decreasing. These groups of fish previously formed the basis of the composition of the original ichthyofauna. Today salmon and whitefish are found in the zone of backwater and flooded tributaries of river channels. The composition and number of whitefishes has changed especially. Tugun practically disappeared, others (peled, wild boil, vendace, and whitefish) began to be found singularly. The dominant role is played by pike, which uses peat islands for its spawning, as well as perch and roach. The transformation of the reservoir led to radical changes in the composition and structure of communities of all groups of organisms in the aquatic biota. This influenced the composition and abundance of fish parasites. The parasite fauna of the fish of the Kureyskoye reservoir is represented by widespread species of helminths. Infection with helminths mainly occurs when fish feed on planktonic crustaceans.


Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Pharmacists have an important role in the management of hypertension. The
findings of international qualitative studies with pharmacists showed that
negative perceptions of pharmacists is one of barriers to the implementation
of the management of hypertension in daily practice.
This study aimed to investigate pharmacists' activities about the
management of hypertension in the community setting including:
assessment, planning to care plan, implementation of care plan, and
monitoring, and to explore the extend about the perceptions of such
activities. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13
pharmacists working in community pharmacy in Surabaya. All interviews
were audio-recorded and transcribed ad verbatim.
Four key themes identified included assessment and documentation,
treatment recommendations, counseling, and monitoring. Treatment
recommendations of antihypertension medicine either with or without a
prescription and counseling were the forms of the implementation of care
plan. In general, the pharmacists have positive perceptions about the four
key activities. Of all key activities, monitoring was rarely carried out
because documentation was hardly ever administered. In addition, factors
such as lack of time, pharmacy staff shortage, and limited budget were
reported as barriers to the implementation of hypertension management in
the community setting.
Keywords: Pharmacists' Perceptions; Hypertension Management;
Community Pharmacists, Qualitative Research


Bacillus licheniformis KMU-3 shown a strong antifungal activity was isolated from Swedish forest soils. B. licheniformis KMU-3 produced a maximum level of antifungal substance under incubation aerobically at for 24 hours in LB broth containing sodium acetate, ammonium sulfate at 180 rpm and initial pH adjusted to 8.0. Chloroform extraction of culture broth was confirmed inhibitory zone by plate assay and Rf value 0.49 substance by thin layer chromatography (TLC) represented high antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1. This substance also exhibited against Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium graminearum.


According to Art. 1183 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Civil Code of the Russian Federation), the right to receive payable to the testator, but not received by him during his lifetime for any reason, the amount of wages and equivalent payments; pensions; scholarships; social security benefits; alimony; amounts of compensation for harm caused to life or health; other sums of money provided to a citizen as a means of subsistence belong to those who lived together with the deceased members of his family, as well as his disabled dependents, regardless of whether they lived with the deceased or did not live. Requests for the payment of these amounts must be presented to the obligated persons within four months from the date of opening the inheritance.


We consider planar Josephson junctions, with dimensions as used in recent experiments, and show using numerical calculations that the junctions undergo topological superconducting transition, revealed by the appearance of zero-energy Majorana bound states at the ends of the non-superconducting channel of the junctions in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field and $\pi$ phase difference between the superconducting leads. Our main finding is that, under realistic parameter settings, the critical supercurrent undergoes a minimum and the ground state phase increases from zero toward $\pi$ at a critical field, without the junctions necessarily transitioning into a topological superconducting phase. Remarkably, the critical supercurrent minimum and a simultaneous sharp jump in the ground state phase appear in junctions that are undoubtedly in trivial superconducting phase. Our results provide updated insights for experimental detection of topological superconductivity in planar Josephson junctions using the supercurrent and phase signatures.


The literary scholar is seized by a kind of culture shock when he discovers that the authors of his native tongue for whom he has high regard and whom he considers as world classic writers are not highly rated abroad, and may even be completely unknown. In turn, there may be classic writers in other languages of whom he has a completely distorted image because he knows only a part of their works. Not knowing the Russian language, he may consider Pushkin, for instance, as the author of original stories, and perhaps even know that he wrote the libretto for the operetta "Eugene Onegin." But he will not be likely to realize the essential significance that Pushkin's epic poem, which served as the basis for the opera, also had for the language and literature of Russia. Naturally it is the lyrical works which suffer more than all others in the literary transfer process. Even if there are a number of well-intended English translations of Pushkin's poems, the reader will at best only be able to infer that Pushkin is one of the great lyricists of world literature. The situation is none the better for the two Russian poets Marshak and Chukovsky, just because they wrote mainly for children. While the intellectual substance of their poems may be easier to grasp and to translate, it will never be possible even to begin to reproduce either the special wealth of Russian sounds or the allusions that result directly from the use of sound consonance. And it is precisely at the linguistic level, rather than the literal level, that a significant portion of the humor of both these poets is to be found. The humorous story-line, which could as easily be told in prose, is comparatively simple in many of their poems. The improbability that Marshak's and Chukovsky's poems for children will ever achieve greater significance in English is particularly regrettable, since both writers had a very close relationship to the English language and its literature. Not only did they translate important British and American writers into Russian, but they were also notably influenced by certain popular English poems—in particular, by their grotesque and absurdist elements.


Objective To study the protective effect of Naloxone on early apoptosis of cultured myocardial cell after hypoxia and reoxygenation. Methods Cultured rabbits' myocardial cells were divided into three groups (control group, hypoxia and reoxygenation group and hypoxia and reoxygenation combined with Naloxone therapy group) and subjected to hypoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 4 hours. At the end of reoxygenation, the apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. Results The ratio of apoptosis was significantly higher than that of necrosis in the hypoxia and reoxygenation group 〔(9.88±0.98) vs (5.10±0.29),P0.05〕.The ratio of apoptosis of hypoxia and reoxygenation group was significantly higher than that of control and Naloxone intervention groups(P0.01).Conclusion Naloxone significantly reduced early apoptosis of cultured myocardial cell and provided protective effect on hypoxia and reoxygenation injury.


This study seeks to identify the leadership behaviours displayed by non-academic middle-level managers in the Australian higher education sector. The study also identifies the importance of these leadership behaviours and the leadership effectiveness of these managers. The integrated competing values framework was used to measure leadership behaviours and effectiveness. A total of 75 middle-level managers participated in a 360-degree feedback programme that sought responses from 816 of their work colleagues (line manager, peers and staff). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. The results of the analysis found that the managers were reasonably effective, were reflective and learnt new behaviours, displayed all leadership behaviours at a reasonable level and considered all the leadership behaviours to be important. In the main, the managers held similar perceptions to their work colleagues. Future research is needed to identify gender and cultural differences.


Recently, ultrasound contrast agents have been used for therapeutic purposes to enhance the heating effect of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU). It has been shown that the heat transfer from the bubble is not negligible for medical ultrasound sound conditions. The heat transfer depends on the Peclet number and the shell properties of the bubble as well as the specific heat ratio of the internal gas. We investigate the heat transfer at various Peclet numbers, with or without a shell, numerically. The results show that there is an optimal Peclet number which corresponds to the maximum heat transfer from the bubble to the surrounding medium, and the viscous shell increases the thermal damping due to the heat generation in the shell.


We present simple illustrations of disease modeling social distancing, as motivated by the present outbreak of COVID–19 and the social distancing measures implemented throughout the world. We focus on a simple SEIR model in the present study to facilitate discussion of incorporating and optimizing social distancing in models of spread of disease.


The role of bruchid beetle infestation on seed germination of Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne) Mimosaceae under different incubation temperatures and degrees of scarification was studied under controlled conditions. Results indicate that seed germination was highest (96%) in scarified seeds at 25-35ÂoC incubation temperature, whereas, it was only 28% in intact seeds. Seeds infected by bruchid beetles with one or two holes did not germinate regardless of different incubation temperatures. X-ray results of A. tortilis seeds showed substantial consumption of endosperm and embryonic portions by the bruchid beetles resulting in one or two holes in the infected seeds curtailing seed germination. A unique method of identifying seed viability of A. tortilis by X-ray studies is reported.


The code acquisition is an important issue of DS-UWB system design. Because the MAXimum selection/Threshold Comparison(MAX/TC) criterion for code acquisition has good performance in DS-UWB system, in this paper, a MAX/TC criterion for code acquisition algorithm using the information of the auxiliary sequence, which can be used to reduce the acquisition time of the coarse Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequences, is presented. Then the theoretical analysis is given and simulation tests of proposed acquisition algorithm are carried out in UWB indoor channel environment. The simulation results show that with the proposed algorithm, the mean acquisition time can be reduced considerably while the acquisition performance is maintained.


Bibliometric research has recently gained much interest from academics seeking to investigate a particular topic. This study aims to explore the interest of marketing specialists in investigating marketing-related topics using bibliometric analysis. The paper includes the following sections: general information about bibliometric analysis, research methodology and how the database of articles was designed, data analysis results, conclusions and other insights. In this study, we considered the Scopus database for selecting the set of scientific papers. The applications used in the data analysis process are VOSviewer and QDA Miner. To achieve the purpose of the research, we analysed the productivity and impact of countries, journals and papers on the topic of bibliometric analysis in marketing. We also tried to identify the marketing-related concepts that generated the most interest from the specialists in their bibliometric analysis. The study aims to highlight the favorite topics related to marketing that specialists are interested in exploring through bibliometric research.


Increasing penetration of wind power with intermittency and variability threatens the stability of the power system frequency. The fast response capability of the energy storage system (ESS) makes it an effective measure to improve frequency regulation performance. However, designing an optimal control for numerous energy storage units (ESUs) with different power and energy characteristics is challenging. To solve the dilemma that the distributed control methods cannot achieve optimality over time horizons while the centralized optimization methods would cause high computational burdens, a bi-layer optimal control approach is proposed in this study. In the upper layer, a multi-area secondary frequency control (SFC) problem is established to determine control policies for ESS clusters under continuous wind power fluctuations and is solved by the Itô theory-based stochastic optimization (ITB-SO) method with high computational efficiency in a rolling-horizon manner. In the lower layer, the power output of ESUs is dispatched and coordinated using the distributed algorithm (DA) method via communication networks, considering different characteristics and the current state-of-charge (SoC) levels. Simulation studies carried out in a dual-region test system evidence the improvement of system frequency stability by compensating for rapid wind power fluctuations immediately via ESSs. The results show that the proposed ITB-SO method without scenario generation is suitable for real-time SFC for the ESS. The effectiveness of the DA method and its robustness in encountering loss of communication links are also verified.


Recently, research for context-aware systems has risen significantly. New social needs require the use of brand new technology to build rich ubiquitous computing spaces. Such spaces allow users to use services without being aware of any interaction with the system. For such an important and dedicated task, some context awareness is needed so computers, based on their environment, can react accordingly. Advertising on mobile devices is one of this new needs and has demonstrated to have a large potential due to the very personal and intimate nature of the devices and the possibility of reaching a broad range of targets. In this paper we present BlueMall, a context-aware pervasive system for advertising in large commercial areas. BlueMall uses Java and Bluetooth wireless technology making it a very portable system. We describe the overall architecture and discuss the implementation steps taken to build our application. To evaluate the performance behavior of our system in relation to the environment, we run some experiments in our testbed. Experimental results show that the system provides a viable solution for permission-based mobile advertising.


The invention discloses a kind of synthesis technique of Apremilast intermediate, the synthesis technique is comprised the following steps:A 3 ethyoxyl, 4 methoxy styrene is generated 4 [(1 chlorine, 2 mesyl) ethyl] 2 ethyoxyl, 1 methoxybenzene with mesyl chloride reaction in the presence of ruthenium catalyst by ();B the alcoholic solution reaction of () by 4 [(1 chlorine, 2 mesyl) ethyl] 2 ethyoxyl, 1 methoxybenzenes with ammonia obtains 1 (3 ethyoxyl, 4 methoxyl group) 2 mesyl ethamine of phenyl.The synthesis technique is simple, easy to operate, it is not necessary to special reaction condition, therefore is more suitable for industrialized production.


The invention concerns an anode for a fuel cell and a process for the production thereof. The invention improves the flow of current within the cell by having the support for the catalyst at the anode made from an electrically good conductor in metal instead of the usual poorly conducting carbon powder.


Objective
To explore the effect of intra-uterus injection of carboprost tromethamine during cesarean section in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage.

Methods
80 puerperae with high risk of postpartum hemorrhage admitted into our hospital from January, 2013 to May, 2014 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, 40 cases for each group. The control group took oxytocin, misoprostol, pituitary hormone, and calcium gluconate and the experimental group oxytocin and carboprost tromethamine. The bleeding volume and treatment effect were observed and compared between these two groups.

Results
The intra-operation bleeding volume [(257.9±76.4)ml vs. (388.7±90.1) ml], bleeding volume 2 hours after delivery [(101.7±29.7) ml vs. (198.6±34.9) ml], and bleeding volume 24 hours after delivery [(299.8±68.4)ml vs. (488.6±59.3) ml] were significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). The hemostatic time was (18.7±12.1) min in the experimental group and was (45.6±16.2) min in the control group, with a statistical difference (P<0.05). 3 cases needed blood transfusion and none needed hysterectomy in the experimental group and 12 and 2 in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Intra-uterus injection of carboprost tromethamine during cesarean section in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage is effective and worth being clinically generalized.

Key words:
Cesarean section; Carboprost tromethamine; Postpartum hemorrhage


The invention discloses a method for leaching low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores through electrooxidation. The method comprises the following steps of A, conducting pulping, wherein crushing and ball milling are carried out on the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, and then the ores are mixed with water to be made into ore pulp; B, conducting leaching, wherein after the ore pulp is fed into an electrolytic bath, alkali liquor and an activating agent are added to the electrolytic bath to form a solid-liquid mixture, and leaching is conducted at normal temperature under normal pressure, so that leaching liquor and spongy lead are obtained; C, conducting separation and extraction on the leaching liquor to obtain zinc powder, wherein regeneration treatment is conducted on filter liquor with the zinc powder being separated, and then the filter liquor returns to the electrolytic bath to be recycled; D recycling the sponge lead into ingots; and E, treating waste water and waste residues generated in the production process. The electrolytic bath comprises a cathode region, an anode region, a stirrer, a cathode plate and an anode plate. By the adoption of the method for leaching low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores through electrooxidation and a leaching device of the method, the technological process is simplified, energy consumption, pollution and cost are reduced, and production efficiency is improved.


A356.1 Aluminium alloy reinforced with Nano-sized ZrO 2 particle are widely used for high performance applications such as automotive, military, aerospace, and electric industries because of their improved physical and mechanical properties. In this research, Zirconium Oxide (ZrO 2 ) Nano particle were synthesized by Solution Combustion Synthesis process. Prepared Nano particles were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Nano sized Zirconium Particle were reinforced with A356.1 Aluminium alloy with varying Wt. % such as 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 via stir casting Technique at a constant stirring speed of 150 rpm. The composites were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wear tests were carried out at Varying Wt. % ratios with varying Conditions of Speed, Load and Time. The results reveal that the Nano Metal Matrix Composite (NMMC)'s containing 3.5 Wt.% reinforcement particle has improved wear properties.


In this paper, a perturbed quintic BBM equation with weak backward diffusion and dissipation effects is investigated. By applying geometric singular perturbation theory and analyzing the perturbations of a Hamiltonian system with a hyper-elliptic Hamiltonian of degree six, we prove the existence of isolated periodic wave solutions with certain wave speed in an open interval. It is also shown that isolated periodic wave solutions persist for any energy parameter [Formula: see text] in an open interval under small perturbation. Furthermore, we prove that the wave speed [Formula: see text] of periodic wave is strictly monotonically increasing with respect to [Formula: see text] by analyzing Abelian integral having three generating elements. Moreover, the upper and lower bounds of the limiting wave speed are obtained. Our analysis is mainly based on Melnikov theory, Chebyshev criteria, and symbolic computation, which may be useful for other problems.


In a recent Letter, Jupiter is presented as an efficient detector for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), through measurement by an Earth-orbiting satellite of gamma rays from UHECRs showers produced in Jupiter's atmosphere. We show that this result is incorrect, due to erroneous assumptions on the angular distribution of shower particles. We evaluated other solar system objects as potential targets for UHECRs detection, and found that the proposed technique is either not viable or not competitive with traditional ground-based UHECRs detectors.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of adrenal gland cysts.

METHODS
Six patients with adrenal gland cysts were examined by two-dimensional ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), and the results were compared with the pathological findings.

RESULTS
The diagnoses by ultrasonography and CDFI were consistent with the pathological findings in 5 cases.

CONCLUSION
Ultrasonography and CDFI can be an accurate diagnostic modality for adrenal gland cysts.


This article explores the spontaneous discourse of Toba speakers, who live in the Chaco region of Argentina. The genres and styles of Toba discourse analyzed in this study include "informal conversation," "advice," and "narrative." Each genre is characterized by a convergence of the following properties: the components of communication, especially the context of production and interaction; rhetorical structure; the functions of the communication; and the morphosyntactic devices that are utilized.


Crosslinked polymer networks are used in a wide variety of applications. To use these materials effectively, a fundamental understanding of their structural evolution and the relationship between material properties and structure is essential. In this article, a novel technique employing "iniferters," i.e., living radical polymerizations, to photopolymerize these networks is utilized to study the property and structural evolution of these highly desirable materials. Living radical polymerizations are used in this work since this technique avoids the problem of carbon radical trapping encountered while using conventional initiators. Dynamic mechanical measurements are performed on highly crosslinked methacrylate networks to glean information regarding their structural heterogeneity. By performing these measurements on homopolymerized samples at various stages of the reaction and on copolymerized samples of multifunctional methacrylates, the mechanical properties are characterized as a function of double bond conversion and comonomer composition. From such analyses, with respect to both temperature and frequency, quantitative conclusions regarding the structure of the networks are drawn. This effort is aimed at exploiting the living radical polymerizations initiated by p-xylylene bis(N,N-diethyl dithiocarbamate) (XDT), to study the mechanical property evolution and structural heterogeneity of crosslinked polymers which is nearly impossible otherwise. Polymers examined in this study include networks formed by homopolymerization of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) and polyethylene glycol 600 dimethacrylate (PEG600DMA) as well as copolymers of DEGDMA and PEG600DMA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2297–2307, 1997


Abstract Context: An oral dosage form containing floating bioadhesive gastroretentive microspheres forms a stomach-specific drug delivery system for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Objectives: To prepare and evaluate controlled release floating bioadhesive gastroretentive chitosan-coated amoxicillin trihydrate-loaded Caesalpinia pulcherrima galactomannan (CPG)-alginate beads (CCA-CPG-A), for H. pylori eradication. Materials and methods: CCA-CPG-A beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation, using 23 factorial design with quantity of drug, combination of CPG with sodium alginate and concentration of calcium chloride as variables. Beads facilitated mucoadhesion to gastric mucosa with floating nature caused by chitosan coating for wide distribution throughout GIT. Developed beads were evaluated for characteristics like beads size-morphology, entrapment efficiency, DSC, XRD, FTIR, swelling ratio, in vitro mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release, in vitro floating and in vitro H. pylori growth inhibition studies. CCA-CPG-A beads were studied in Wistar rats for in vivo gastric mucoadhesion, in vivo H. pylori growth inhibition studies using PCR amplification of isolated DNA, rapid urease test. Result: Developed beads possess drug release of 79–92%, entrapment efficiency of 65–89%, mucoadhesion of 61–89%. In vivo mucoadhesion study showed more than 85% mucoadhesion of beads even after 7th hour. In vitro–in vivo growth inhibition study showed complete eradication of H. pylori. Discussion: CPG-alginate and chitosan in beads interacts with gastric mucosubstrate surface for prolonged gastric residence with floating bioadhesion mechanism for H. pylori eradication in rats. Conclusion: Floating bioadhesive CCA-CPG-A beads offer a promising drug delivery system for H. pylori eradication at lower dose, reduced adverse effect and enhance bioavailability.


Isabelle/HOL augments classical higher-order logic with ad-hoc overloading of constant definitions---that is, one constant may have several definitions for non-overlapping types. In this paper, we present a mechanised proof that HOL with ad-hoc overloading is consistent. All our results have been formalised in the HOL4 theorem prover.


Research in Fractal Analysis is expanding into a variety of engineering domains. The strong potential of this field has already been observed in real industrial situations, and new connections between theory and applications arise constantly. It is the purpose of this volume to show the most recent advances in the domain of fractal applications. There are exhaustive reviews on theoretical research in such domains as multifractal analysis, iterated function systems and fractal random processes, which lead to new applications in signal processing and chemical engineering. A large part is devoted to the interplay between fractals and waves, and other topics featured include image compression and rough surface analysis. Several new domains are also presented, among them network traffic analysis, financial engineering and environmental science. "Fractals in Engineering. From Theory to Industrial Applications" is a versatile, multidisciplinary book which exhibits the most recents results in industrial applications, and should be of interest to all scientists working in areas connected to fractals.


In this communication is presented one of the most important components of the expert system for prediction of the forest fire danger in Galicia that we have been developing in the last 3 years, i.e., the weather index used to predict the forest fire occurrences. This index classifies the cases evaluated in 4 different fire danger levels. One of the more important news in this index is the possibility to be evaluated in squares of 10 Km x 10 Km, allowing to take full advantage of the more detailed spatial information we have in the databases where are registered the forest fires occurred in Galicia. First, we give a brief description on the state of the forest fires problem in Galicia, and comment how the forest fire weather occurrence index was obtained, including some explanations about the necessity to interpolate and to extrapolate meteorological data. Then, we make a summary of the results obtained when predicting forest fires occurrences in Galicia with our index. The results presented are divided in two groups: first, results concerning the full period used to develop the index are shown, and after that, a year to year analysis is used to compare the results obtained in the year 2000, not used to develop the index, with the results obtained in the different years of the period used to develop the index. This allows us to know about the possibilities of using the index in years out of the period with which data the index was developed, that is, to predict forest fires occurrences in the future. The magnitudes analyzed for each fire danger level predicted in both studies, were the frequency of prediction taking into account all cases, and frequency of prediction when a fire was registered. Also the ratio between these was analyzed, to know how many times the fire occurrences in a fire danger level were bigger or smaller than the fire occurrences in the whole cases. As summary of the results obtained, we can say that we have a weather index specifically developed for Galicia, which gives daily information on forest fire danger, with different results for different parts of the region. The 4 danger classes established have clear differences in the forest fires registered between all of them, and the index allows us to predict 84.4% of all forest fires. Also, the results obtained for the year 2000 correspond to the ones obtained for the previous years, so the analysis of the data for the period not used to develop the index, do confirm the feasibility of using this new index to forecast the forest fire danger in Galicia.


Author(s): Anderson, Michael | Advisor(s): Scott, William G | Abstract: As a relatively simple and well-studied molecule, the hammerhead ribozyme is an ideal system to study RNA catalysis and structure. A deeper understanding of the hammerhead catalytic mechanism and the role of divalent ions in catalysis lends support to the exploration of more complex RNA machinery such as the ribosome, and ultimately may assist in the design of new medical therapies. Kinetic study of the hammerhead ribozyme to date has largely derived from bulk assays monitoring millions of molecules. In contrast to such studies, which necessarily report average rates, the magnetic tweezers assay undertaken here reveals the heterogenous characteristics of individual RNA molecules in real time. The crystal structure described in the later portion of this study advances a secondary aim concerning the study of the same full-length Schistosoma Mansoni subject; unmasking the role of physiologically relevant metal ions in full-length hammerhead catalysis. The single molecule study presented reveals that supercoiled DNA embedded with a nucleolytic ribozyme acts in much the same way as supercoiled DNA. Because the ribozyme is embedded in long DNA handles, the product strands of the ribozyme cannot dissociate, and the ligation rate consequently becomes more significant. This permits us to suggest that in their natural context, hammerheads may well favor the ligated state, and may cleave in response to some form of structural perturbation. This assay also conforms with a growing corpus of evidence suggesting RNA utilizes greater conformational freedom to overcome limited chemical diversity. The crystal structure described in Chapter 3 represents the highest-resolution structure of any reported hammerhead ribozyme to date (1.55 A resolution). With this improved resolution, new local rearrangements and hydrogen bonding interactions within the loop/bulge region are clear. In addition, the new structure demonstrates that a divalent metal ion does indeed occupy the A9/G10.1, in addition to two peripheral sites in Stem I and III. Crystal soaking experiments were not able to detect a metal ion at these sites in the 2006 structure. These findings suggest that physiologically relevant divalent ions like Mg2+ may stabilize global folding of the full-length hammerhead and provide charge neutralization during the cleavage reaction.


Abstract Resultant approach is here employed to optimize the dimensionless space angles to solve in a closed form the over-determined three-dimensional intersection problem. The advantages of the resultant optimization approach are the non-requirement of the approximate initial starting values, non iterative and does not rely on linearization during its operation, save for the nonlinear variance-covariance/error propagation to generate the weight matrix. Resultant method, a branch of abstract algebra, is employed to compute the combinatorial scatters, which are then optimized to offer a closed form solution. Using the test network Stuttgart Central as an example, it is demonstrated that the resultant optimization approach can be applied as an alternative approach to conventional methods such as least squares for point positioning within the over-determined intersection framework, especially when the approximate starting values for linearization and iterative approaches are not known as may happen in Photogrammetry, Machine Vision or in Robotics.


Wastes obtained as a result of treatment of uranium ores by 10% sulfuric acid were extracted with amine solution. They were then treated by lime milk and barium carbonate to neutralize and precipitate radium together with other products of uranium decay. The clear solution obtained was evaporated to dryness and the alpha activity of the sedimert was measured. The measures showed lowering of alpha activity by about two orders. Finally the solutions contained about 5 x 10/sup -7/ mu C/ml of alpha activity and 10/sup -7/ mu C/ ml of BETA activity. Gamma activity was not detected. (auth)


The influencing factors of community risk are complex. For the low accuracy of traditional prediction model, a multichannel convolutional neural network community risk prediction model is proposed by improving convolutional neural network of deep learning. First of all, in the community risk prediction model, the structure of multichannel input convolutional neural network is selected. Then, add it into the full connection layer. Subsequently, the DenseNet layer is added to establish connections between different network layers. Finally, the receptive field is improved, and the gradient disappearance is solved. Thus, the prediction accuracy of model is improved. Compared with the traditional model, the proposed multichannel convolutional neural network model has better prediction accuracy. In addition, it performs better on the three indicators, namely, correlation coefficient

 R

 , coefficient of determination

 R

 2

 , and mean square root error RMSE. Compared with the commonly used LSTM model and logic regression model, the proposed model also has certain advantages, which is more suitable for community risk prediction.


Summary Thrombi are a normal process in the presence of a noxa that alters the vascular integrity. Nevertheless in some pathologic processes these phenomena can occurred spontaneously or are exaggerated with regard to the vascular damage, who can lead to different clinical pictures. In these cases anticoagulation plays a fundamental role. Heparin was the first medication used for this purpose and has resisted the passage of time, in nowadays continues to be used in many clinical contexts, has different guides and consensus demonstrated.


Combined with practical condition, on the basis of XK-1 coal spontaneous combustion experimental apparatus, the oversize experimental apparatus of coaling 15 t was designed and created.The oversize experimental apparatus was applied to simulate the process of Nantun coal spontaneous combustion last for 38 d.The whole process of coal self-ignition was simulated from normal temperature to above 450 ℃, the process was mastered, which high-temperature zone generate, develop and dynamically change.According to experimental results, the dynamical change trend of high-temperature zone can be gained.The trend is that high-temperature zone moves to the side of air supply, along with coal temperature rising and oxygen consumption rate increasing, high-temperature zone moves to the place which porosity is bigger and oxygen supply is sufficient, and high-temperature zone finally moves to the surface of air entry and comes into being bright fire.


Different conventional methods of tissue processing were studied to determine the extent to which phospholipid‐rich multilamellar bodies of pulmonary alveolar epithelial type II cells of the pig were preserved. Prolonged treatment with half‐saturated aqueous uranyl acetate yielded excellent results on the stabilization of the multilamellar substructure, irrespective of whether glutaraldehyde‐paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehydetannic acid was used as a primary fixative. The lamellar periodicities were observed to be 5·5–6·1 nm.


The past decade has seen the growth of a number of academic research clusters and networks dedicated to studying specific genres, including punk, reggae, heavy metal, electronic dance music, and jazz. This perhaps recognizes the maturity of the broad field of Popular Music Studies as formally represented by the International Association for the Study of Popular Music (IASPM) (founded in 1981). To this proliferation of genre-specific research groupings, we can add the Progect network, dedicated to the study of progressive rock in all of its forms. The Progect was given its initial impetus by a series of round robin emails sent by Professor Allan Moore in 2010 (Moore, "Forward"). A number of conferences have subsequently been held in Dijon (2014), Edinburgh (2016), and Lund (2018), with a fourth planned for Ottawa (in 2020). Philippe Gonin directed the publication of a book, Prog Rock in Europe. Overview of a Persistent Musical Style (2016), which acted as a proceedings for the first Progect conference, while Allan Moore and Sarah Hill are, at the time of writing, preparing a second edited collection – the Oxford Companion to Progressive Rock – which draws primarily on papers presented at the Edinburgh conference or contributions from other Progect participants. This current special issue of Rock Music Studies includes articles first presented at the Edinburgh and Lund conferences, though all have been subsequently reworked and extended for publication. Moore describes the Progect network as an "experiment in sustainable academic organization" which operates with an evolving steering group ("Forward" 6). Each conference and publication has emerged from ongoing discussions within the network, with the overarching intentions of fostering research into progressive rock, and challenging assumptions that have been made about this type of music by academics, journalists, and fans. Examples of such assumptions include the view of progressive rock as essentially a British musical development historically situated in the earlyto mid1970s, and dominated by a small number of commercially successful bands (the canon typically comprises Emerson Lake and Palmer, Yes, Genesis, Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, and King Crimson), and consumed primarily in the United States (Moore, "Forward" 5; see also Anderton, "Many-headed" on the "symphonic orthodoxy" of academic and journalistic work on progressive rock). Such an understanding of progressive rock underpins the earliest book-length publications on the history of this music, such as those by Edward Macan, Bill Martin, and Paul Stump, though later books, edited collections and articles have begun to extend the scope of analysis beyond the historical era of the 1970s, the British and American geo-historical contexts of production and reception, and the music of the major bands listed above (for instance, Anderton, "Full-


Boundary control is a large-signal tool for the design and analysis of switching power converters. This paper focuses on design techniques for self-oscillating DC-DC converters that can be used to optimize the transient response to specific disturbances and ensure large signal stability. Incorporation of integral feedback for steady state error correction is covered as well as methods for implementing constant switching frequencies.


A technique for testing embedded-microprocessor command and control programs is described. The continuity inherent in functions computed by programs which monitor natural phenomena is exploited by a simple difference equation-based algorithm to predict a program's next output from its preceding ones. The predicted output is compared with the actual output while indexing through the program's domain. Outputs which cannot be predicted are flagged as potential errors. Data are presented which show that this technique can be a sensitive measure of a program's correctness.


There remains little doubt that the offcial population statistics which indicate the beginning and the end of the most recent down swing in China's "dynastic cycle" of demographic development – 430 million people in 1850 and 582·6 million on 30 June 1953 – are close approximations of the true totals. Detailed scrutiny of all evident irregularities in the reported data is unlikely to suggest corrections by more than five per cent, and such modifications are subject to questions and reservations in turn.


AIM
To identify the relationship between the characteristics of hospitals in recruiting and retaining nurses (magnet properties) and nurses' professional values.

BACKGROUND
In Turkey, there is a limited number of hospitals with the characteristics to enable nurses to stay in their institutions. The magnet properties of these hospitals and the professional values of the nurses working in these hospitals are not known.

METHODS
This descriptive cross-sectional research included 612 nurses working in 6 hospitals accredited by the Joint Commission International. Data were collected using the Nursing Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) and the Essentials of Magnetism Scale (EOM II).

RESULTS
The mean NPVS-R score was high 102.0 (26-130). However, the mean EOM II score was found to be low at 2.2 (1.0-3.4). As the magnet properties of the hospitals increased, the professional values of the nurses decreased.

CONCLUSION
There was a negative correlation between the magnet properties of hospitals and the professional values of the nurses.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
The findings of this study highlight the necessity of creating a working environment with high magnet characteristics, which also includes the professional values of nurses. Nurse Managers should investigate the reasons behind the low magnet properties of hospitals, raise awareness, and plan interventions to increase magnet properties of hospitals. Creating a supportive working environment, promotion of the salaries and work environment and decreasing workload are some of the important intervention areas in attracting and keeping nurses in the institution.


Student perspectives on morality learning strategies in the Islamic Education Department at the Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty are good and student perspectives on moral learning media in the Islamic Religious Education Department at the Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty are also good, where this media is an intermediary, information channel or conveyor. the message to smooth the learning process while the student's perspective on the akidah akhlak learning model in the Islamic Religious Education Department at the Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty is already good. Basically, it is a form of learning that is illustrated from beginning to end which is specially presented by educators. One of the models applied by the lecturer is Contextual Teacing and Learning (CTL), the PAIKEM model (Parsipative, Active, Innovative, Creative, Effective and Fun) and a cooperative model that can help students to facilitate the teaching and learning process in the Islamic Education Department of the Tarbiyah Faculty and Teachers of UIN Alauddin Makassar


The antibacterial activity of 23 botanicals were investigated against the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum under in vitro by well diffusion method. Of the 23 botanicals tested, only four, viz., Allium sativum, Lawsonia inermis, Piper betle and Syzygium aromaticum exhibited antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. S. aromaticum showed maximum inhibition zone of 52.0 mm diameter followed by A. sativum, L. inermis and P. betle, exhibiting inhibition zone of 49.0, 16.0 and 15.0 mm diameter, respectively. The antibacterial activity of S. aromaticum and A. sativum was significantly high as compared to the commercial bactericide, Streptocyline. Whereas, the bacterial activity of L. inermis and P. betle as compared to Bronopol, another commercial bactericide, was superior and on par, respectively. Since, Betel and Henna are cheap commodities and have high bactericidal activity against R. solanacearum, their potential can be exploited for the management of bacterial wilt in solanaceous and other crops as an alternative to the existing commercial bactericides.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the findings of research into the different means of motivating knowledge workers to participate in and contribute to knowledge exchange and creation.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted among more than a quarter of the 2,500+ strong lawyer multinational law firm with 25+ offices in 15+ countries and analysed to provide insight into the differences on motivation and value perception across the cultural dividing lines. The results were analysed at regional level as well as organisational/generation level and analysed by statistical means and descriptive statistics. The key outcomes were analysed against literature to provide an in‐depth understanding on how to foster knowledge sharing.Findings – Respondents showed distinct reactions towards the means to motivate them to share knowledge. Career prospects, authority, provision of charge codes, recognition among peers or one‐time incentives have a very diverse impact around the worl...


Previously,we think that,only private party can sue the administrative subject in the administrative litigation,so,few people pay attention to the rights to sue of the administrative organ.While,these days,it is necessary to empower administrative subject rights to sue.If it is done,not only can make up the defects of administrative litigation legislation and the insufficiency.,but also can be suit the principle that the judicial is the final solution.However,we should pay attention to that given the administrative authority rights to sue gradually,and fully consider our country administrative litigation practice,also using foreign mature experience,to resolve administrative dispute,and to safeguard the public interests.At the same time the system should be disigned scientificly and reasonably,so as to prevent administrative organs abuse administrative litigation.


Review(s) of: The Little History of Australian Unions by Sean Scalmer, Vulgar Press, Carlton North, 2006. pp. 89. $9.95 paper.


Background Maternal and fetal complications occur in poorly controlled Graves' hyperthyroidism. Pregnancy outcome is successful in the majority of cases when antithyroid drugs have been used for over five decades and when the woman is carefully monitored. However, in the past few years, several reports have confirmed the results of early studies of congenital malformations when antithyroid drugs are used in the first trimester of pregnancy.


Three copper(II) complexes [CuL1]·H2O 1, [CuL22]2 and [CuL32]3[H2L1=N,N′-o-phenylenebis-(pyridine-2-carboxamide); HL2=N-phenylpyridine-2-carboxamide; HL3=N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide] have been prepared and their stereochemical properties investigated. Complex 2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography: space group P21/n, a=10.853(4), b=19.015(6), c=10.293(3)A, β= 105.22(3)°, Z= 4, R= 0.030, R′= 0.034 for 2938 observed reflections. Compared to the known square-pyramidal structure of 1 it is revealed that the deprotonated bidentate ligand L2 exerts a measurable degree of geometric control over the co-ordination sphere of 2(distorted towards tetrahedral). Similar effects are also observed from absorption and EPR spectral results. The CuII–CuI redox potentials in dimethylformamide solution have been determined by cyclic voltammetry. Upon replacement of the tetradentate L1 ligand by two uninegative bidentate L2 or L3 ligands of similar donor set, a marked positive shift (ca. 0.6–0.7 V) was observed, implying the predominance of structural effects.


The state observer and H∞ control via output feedback for time-delay neutral systems are studied in this paper. A sufficient condition is given for the existence of the H∞ state observer of the system first. And then a new criterion of the stability for the closed loop system via output feedback is presented by two linear matrix inequalities. Finally a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


This paper reports the findings of a survey of Social Services Departments, Probation Services and the major voluntary agencies in the UK. The survey aimed to shed light on the factors which promote successful groups in social work and probation agencies. The survey did not attempt to map the extent of current groupwork. A questionnaire was piloted in a Social Services Department in northern England with social work and social care practitioners participating in 'The Groupwork Project', a training and development programme which continues to have as its aim the establishment of a groupwork service in a mainstream social services agency. The survey was designed to be illuminative and exploratory rather than conclusive. In this paper, the authors reflect on the research process and on the findings of the survey. These findings point to the complexity of factors considered significant to the success of a group, and to the importance of contextual factors in establishing and sustaining a groupwork service.


The surroundings of homes for the elderly are not adapted to them. In many places in many countries the elderly, who live in homes because they need extra care, have no opportunity to visit their friends living in the same kind of institution on the other side of the road because it is a main road; a traffic light with a press-button would be too disadvantageous to drivers. They might get "impatient" with fatal results--will an elderly person not get impatient with fatal results? (TRRL)


We consider the problem where , n>2, λ is a positive parameter, belongs to a class of continuous functions which satisfy certain decay assumptions, and belongs to a class of continuous functions which are superlinear at ∞ with . Recently, several authors have studied positive radial solutions to this problem assuming that the weight function is radial. We allow non-radial weights and study the existence and non-existence of positive solutions. We prove the existence of a positive solution for small values of λ using variational methods. A non-existence result is established for large values of λ.


Objective To evaluate the in vitro biological safety of acellular spinal cord scaffold so as to provide theoretical basis for constructing the ideal tissue engineering scaffold of spinal cord.Methods A piece of thoracic spinal cord for 2 cm removed from SD rats was harvested and then was treated by freezing and thawing and chemical extraction with 3% sodium deoxyeholate and 1 KU/ml DNaseI and RNaseA. Gross observation and histological examination of the acellular spinal cord scaffold were carried out to learn the condition of the extracellular matrix scaffold. The biological safety of the acellular spinal cord scaffold was evaluated. Results In cross section, network of the extracellular matrix was presented in the scaffold. The cells, myelin and axons disappeared after the spinal cord was treated with sodium deoxycholate, DNaseI and RNaseA. Typical network of empty tubes were viewed in longitudinal sections. General toxic reaction, pyrogen test, hemolysis test and cytotoxicity test were conforming to the standard of materials. Conclusion As neotype tissue engineering material, the acellular spinal cord scaffold has satisfactory biological safety.

Key words:
Spinal injuries;  Biocompatible material;  Acellular spinal cord


Advances in information technology and the internet transmission of data have created weaknesses and opened the door to cyber-attacks. In the cloud storage and networking sectors, security and privacy are critical concerns. Cloud computing enabled the internet of things by creating an environment conducive to its implementation. Cloud computing technology included virtual connections to link servers, apps, and other storage devices. Cloud-based data may be edited without requiring significant physical activity. It created insecurity as malevolent people discovered methods to compromise these systems, resulting in intellectual and bodily losses. The report makes many recommendations to address the privacy and security concerns associated with cloud computing and IoT. The article examines the security risks associated with cloud computing and the Internet of Things in detail. The methodological approach is interpretative. The findings demonstrate the critical role of machine learning and deep learning in cyber-attack detection and mitigation. To determine the study's reliability, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test statistics are employed.


ABBOTT, ALLEN. High-school dramatics. School R. 17:119-25. (F. '09.) BARTO, D. O. Problems in secondary-school agriculture. Sch. Sci. and Math. 9:226-34. (Mar. 'o9.) BIRGE, EDWARD A. A change of educational emphasis. Atlan. IO3:I89-200. (F. 'o9.) CALDWELL, OTIS W., GALLOWAY, T. W., AND NORRIS, N. W. A consideration of the principle that should determine the courses in biology in the secondary schools. Sch. Sci. and Math. 9:244-8. (Mar. 'og.) (The) California textbook plan. Jour. of Educa. Bost. 69:173-4. (I8 F. o09.) CARLETON, E. F. Public-school libraries of Oregon. Sch. and Home Educa. 28:207-9. (F. '09.) CHANDLER, ELMA. Elementary science in the high school. School R. I7:8996. (F. 'o9.) CLAPP, HENRY LINCOLN. Self-government in public schools. Educa. 29: 335-44. (F. 'o9.) CLUTE, WILLARD N. Making botany attractive. School R. I7:97-8. (F. '09.) COULTER, JOHN M. What the university expects of the secondary scliool. School R. I7:73-84. (F. '09.) CROWE, JOHN M., BROADUS, E. K., AND HOSIc, JAMES F. Report of conference committee on high-school English. School R. 17:85-8. (F. o09.) DE GARMO, CHARLES. Relation of industrial to general education. School R. I7:145-53. (Mar. 'og.) FAGAN, JAMES 0. The industrial dilemma. The railroads and education. Atlan. 103:326-35. (Mar. 'o9.) FALKNER, ROLAND P. Elimination of pupils from school. Psycholog. Clinic. 2:255-9. (I5 F. 'o9.) GILES, F. M. The teaching of agriculture in the high school. School R. 17:I54-65. (Mar. 'og.) 1 Abbreviations: Amer. Educa., American Education; Atlan., Atlantic Monthly; Educa., Education; El. Sch. T., Elementary School Teacher; Journ. of Educa. Bost., Journal of Education, Boston; Journ. of Geog., Journal or Geography; Out., Outlook; Pop. Sci. Mo., Popular Science Monthly; Psychlog. Clinic, Psychological Clinic; Sch. and Home Educa., School and Home Education; School R., School Review; Sch. Sci. and Math., School Science and Mathematics; Teach. Col. Rec., Teachers College Record.


1) AGTH, cortisone and thyroid hormone were intramuscularly injected in those three groups of cats, which were investigated as stated in Part I. 2) In normal cats, these hormones had almost no influence. 3) In the group injected before producing brain edema, ACTH and cortisone considerably depressed the progress of the brain edema, while thyroid hormone had no influence. 4) In the group injected after producing brain edema, ACTH and cortisone slightly depressed the progress of the brain edema. But thyroid hormone had no influence. 5) The change of water content mainly consisted in free water. and total water. Bound water remained almost unchanged.


From Freud's popularization of psychoanalysis to Foucault's formulation of bio-power, from traditional herbal treatments to modern scientific biomedicine, the meanings of disease have undergone such drastic changes with the introduction of modern Western medicine into China during the last two hundred years that new discourses have been invented to theorize illness, redefine health, and reconstruct classes and genders.1 As a consequence, medical literature is rewritten with histories of hygiene, studies of psychopathology, and stories of cancer, disabilities and pandemics, etc. This edited volume is developed from an interdisciplinary panel bearing the same title at the 2011 joint conference of the Association for Asian Studies and International Convention of Asia Scholars in Honolulu.2 Including studies of discourses about both bodily and psychiatric illness in modern China, it attempts to bring together groundbreaking scholarships that reconfigure the fields of film, literature, history, psychology, anthropology, ethnography, gender and cultural studies by tracing the pathological path of the "Sick Man of East Asia" (Dong Ya bingfu 东亚病夫) through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries into the new millennium.