Mathiesen et al. examined neuropsychological performance in 189 subjects with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and 201 controls recruited from a population health study. Carotid stenosis was associated with poorer performance, independent of presence of silent MRI lesions.

see page 695

Kanner et al. found that postictal psychiatric symptoms with a median duration of 24 hours are relatively frequent in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. A psychiatric history is a risk factor for their occurrence. In addition, interictal psychiatric symptoms can worsen in severity postictally.

see page 708

"Postictal psychoses occurred in 7% of patients … and were often as disabling as the seizures of epilepsy."

The accompanying editorial by Michael R. Trimble notes that postictal psychoses (PIP) usually emerge following a cluster of seizures, or an atypical seizure, and are distinct from immediate postictal confusion. …


The job landscape has seen substantial changes as a result of the gig economy's explosive rise, as more and more people prefer to freelance and self-contract. This change impacts employment dynamics and opens up new investment options. Individual investors and policymakers who want to profit from this developing industry must comprehend the elements that affect their investment decisions in the gig economy. The goal of this research study is to present a thorough examination of the variables affecting investment choices in the gig economy. 410 respondents were used in a quantitative method approach for this. The gig economy in the city of Bandung served as the study's respondents. The extent to which investment knowledge, risk, profitability, and financial knowledge affect investment decisions is examined in this study. The research's conclusions provide light on a number of crucial variables affecting investment choices in the gig economy. As investors seek for possibilities with the potential for a good return on their capital, investment profitability first comes into play as the component that has the most of an impact. Due to the necessity of using "cold money" when investing, financial knowledge has the second-highest level of influence.The study also discovered that in the gig economy, investment knowledge had the least influence on choices. Despite the fact that research is necessary before beginning to invest. As a result, the researchers suggest a number of ways to improve investment knowledge, including reading articles and listening to podcasts, getting advice from those with experience, and going to investment seminars. All of it is doable for money or for free.


Rainbow trout were fed for 10 weeks with a nutritionally balanced diet containing 30% by weight of activated sewage sludge. The whole body concentrations of nine heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), together with four major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) were determined at the beginning and end of the experiment and at three intermediate stages. Fish fed on the diet containing sewage sludge had significantly elevated levels of Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and reduced levels of Na and K compared with controls, though the values obtained for all groups fell within the range reported for uncontaminated fish. The Ni and Zn showed a marked increase towards the end of the experiment, suggesting that they might have continued to rise after 70 days.


In his state of the union address in April 2004, President George W. Bush called for most Americans to have interoperable electronic health records (EHRs) within 10 years. More than a year after that ambitious pronouncement, business leaders, IT executives, healthcare professionals and average consumers are still debating exactly how that will happen.


In this paper an agent system is described which has been designed to support students undertaking team projects as part of their studies on campus. Team projects form an important part of the learning process for students in the Information Systems Institute. The particular problems of working on projects in teams are explored, and taking an action research approach, a system was designed to support some of the maintenance tasks of team working. Agent technology is suggested because of the ease of communication between software agents and their autonomy in operation, bringing together intelligent reasoning and communication across networks. The system has been tested on student teams, and the results discussed in terms of modifications for a future prototype.


The strain dynamic of thin film AlN is investigated before and after the deposition of a GaN epitaxial layer using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction ω/2θ-scan and asymmetric reciprocal space mapping analysis show that the deposition of GaN alters the strain state of the underlying AlN template. The in-plane lattice constant of the AlN is found to increase upon growth of GaN, giving rise to a more relaxed GaN epitaxial layer. Hence, the subsequent GaN epitaxial thin film possesses better structural quality especially with lower screw dislocation density and flat surface morphology which is evidenced by the X-ray diffraction ω-scan, room temperature photoluminescence, and atomic force microscopy analysis. Such relaxation of AlN upon GaN deposition is only observed for relatively thin AlN templates with thicknesses of 20 nm–30 nm; this effect is negligible for AlN with thickness of 50 nm and above. As the thicker AlN templates already themselves relax before the GaN deposition, the lo...


In November 2010, we performed a search for a $^{4}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$ bound state by measuring the excitation function for the $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\mbox{He} n \pi{}^{0}$ and $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$ reactions in the vicinity of the $\eta$ production threshold with the WASA detector.~The experiment was carried out using a deuteron COSY beam and deuteron pellet target. The beam momentum varied continuously in each of acceleration cycle from 2.127 GeV/c to 2.422 GeV/c, which corresponds to a range of excess energy $Q$ $\in$(-70,30)MeV. This dissertation is about the search for $^{4}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$ bound state in $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\mbox{He} n \pi{}^{0}$ reaction. The excitation function for the process was determined after identification of all outgoing particles and the application of the selection conditions based on Monte Carlo simulations of $\eta$-mesic helium production and its decay via excitation of the $N^{*}$ resonance. No narrow structure of the $\eta$-mesic helium was observed in the excitation function. The upper limit of the total cross section for the bound state formation and its decay in $dd\rightarrow({}^{4}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound} \rightarrow$ $^{3}\mbox{He} n \pi{}^{0}$ process was determined on the 90% confidence level. It varies from 21 to 36 nb for the bound state width ranging from 5 MeV to 50 MeV, respectively. However, an indication for a broad state was observed. The kinematic region, where we expect the evidence of the signal from the bound state, cannot be fully described only by the combination of the considered background processes. In contrast, the experimental excitation function is very well fitted by the background contributions for the region where the signal is not expected.


Field studies were conducted with 2 scented rice varieties (Basmati-370 and IET 8580) during kharif and rabi (1988-89) by adopting different 'N' levels (0,20,40,60 and 80) and 3 spacings (20x10; 20x15 and 20x20 cm) to assess the nature of 'N' and density of population influencing yield and high density grain. High density grain number was prominently high at 40 kg N/ha in both the seasons and further increase reflected in excessive vegetative growth and lodging during wet season. The yield and HD grain number were relatively higher during dry season. Overall, the study inferred that for exploiting potential yields and high density grain in scented rice, an optimum population of 50 hills/m² at 40-60 N would be sufficient.


Radopholus species are known to be highly polyphagous and recognized as being amongst the most damaging plant-parasitic quarantine nematode worldwide.The burrowing nematode,R.similis(Cobb,1893) Thorne,1949 is the most economically important representative of this genus.However,descriptions of many species within this genus are very poor yet and DNA sequences are unavailable for most of them.To better explore this genus in the future and identify R.similis accurately,an up-to-date list of the genus Radopholus and a compendium of morphometric and morphological characters of the twenty-seven didelphic species are provided.


Modeling and analyzing multi-story buildings is an important part of structural engineering. Typically, this analysis is carried out using the finite element method by assembling the stiffness matrices of the floor elements and the vertical supporting elements at the intersecting nodes. Any consideration of soilstructure interaction (SSI) is often simplified using a Winkler model. However, the procedure for modeling practical buildings of complex geometries using the finite element method can be cumbersome. Alternatively, a new formulation that is based on the boundary element method (BEM) is presented that provides a seamless procedure for modeling practical buildings as the discretization of the floors is done at the floor perimeter and SSI is modeled using an elastic half space (EHS) model. The stiffness matrices of the slab and raft are generated using the BEM by introducing an additional collocation scheme at their intersection with the columns and the underlying soil. Columns are modeled as skeletal frame elements and the floors are considered as rigid diaphragms in their planes. Soil is modeled as an EHS and its stiffness matrix is derived based on the Bousinessq solution of an elastic, isotropic, homogenous, and infinite thickness half space. Assembly of the overall building stiffness matrix is carried out using the well-known assembly procedure associated with the stiffness analysis method. The proposed methodology is validated by comparing the results against the more traditional finite element approach. An illustrative example is solved showing agreement of the results between the proposed methodology and the finite element method.


The article is devoted to the need of implementation of lean healthcare technologies in the activities of medical organizations. The article gives a brief overview of the concept of lean technologies, stages of their implementation, prospects. The article presents the experience of the participation of the territorial fund of compulsory medical insurance of the Nizhniy Novgorod region and insurance medical organizations in assessing the effectiveness of measures to implement the principles of lean production in the work of medical organizations that provide primary health care to the population of the region. The authors analyzed the survey of the population about their interest in improving the organization of medical care and the social effectiveness of the implementation of lean healthcare technologies in the work of a large number of hospitals and clinics of the region. The pivotal conclusion from the experience of implementing lean technologies in healthcare is the need to search for and widespread use of innovative communication technologies.


Microorganisms are often used in organic agriculture, as they are useful for eliminating problems associated with chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Higa, 1991; Parr et al 1994 cited in Higa and Parr, 1994). A microbial culture named "Effective Microorganisms" (EM) was developed by Professor Teruo Higa of the University of Ryukyus, Japan after he began his EM technology research in 1984, with the purpose of improving soil quality, soil health, and the growth, yield and quality of plants (Higa and Parr, 1994). EM consists of around 80 species of selected beneficial microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, photosynthetic bacteria, and actinomycetes, among other types of microorganisms such as fungi (Xu, 2000). These produce a wide range of benefits arising from the increased microbial diversity in the soil as well as the individual effects of the particular types of microorganisms. Benefits to soil and plant health include the fixation of atmospheric Nitrogen, decomposition of organic wastes and residues, suppression of soil borne pathogens, and the increased availability of plant nutrients (Higa and Parr, 1994). It has been shown that the application of EM can improve photosynthetic efficiency and capacity due to an increase in nutrient availability, as well as increase root mass (Fujita et al., 1997 cited in Yamada and Xu, 2000). EM bokashi is an organic fertilizer used for soil and plant application to promote growth and increase yield, and is made from a solution of EM1 and molasses, usually added to bran or straw and then fermented (Daly and Okuda, 1998). It can also be made with oilseed cake, rice husk and bran, and fish processing waste (Xu, 2000). EM bokashi has been found to be a rich nutrient source (Xu et al., 2000), as the addition of EM greatly accelerates the breakdown of the organic matter in the bokashi (Attanayake et al., 1993). In this study the effect of EM bokashi on the growth and chlorophyll level of radish and lettuce seedlings will be measured over time, comparing this with the effect of PastureAid, a microbial fermentation product containing dead microorganisms that promotes growth by stimulating microbial activity.


"Welcome to the International Space Station," said NASA astronaut and microbiologist Kate Rubins as she welcomed students to the orbiting laboratory – or library – for a reading of "Rosie Revere, Engineer" during an Expedition 49 Story Time From Space.


A sliding mode control with a dynamic sliding surface is proposed to solve the infinite-time optimal control problem for linear systems. The advantage of this kind of control is that it provides a robust optimal control to the optimal control problem


The following issues have been overviewed and discussed in the article: a theoretical conception analysis of customer equity, having taken into consideration the uniqueness of tourism market; the approach towards customer value to the organization within the organization marketing strategy context and a theoretical model, unfolding the significance of marketing efforts in customer equity creation process. The described model will have to be empirically tested. This model might be useful for marketing professionals of tourism service organizations, when attempting to plan and manage marketing efforts and evaluate their efficiency properly.


Background: Life expectancy at birth is a useful indicator of mortality across a population at a particular point in time. Due to the incomplete and different coverage of mortality data in the provinces of Iran, constructing a life table without data correction can have misleading results. In this study, after evaluating and correcting the mortality data, life expectancy at the national and provincial levels for the period 2011-16 has been estimated.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis. Regarding the period 2011 to 2016, mortality data were obtained by age and sex (2051602 deaths) from the National Organization for Civil Registration, and the population data were obtained by age and sex from the Statistics Center of Iran. After evaluating and correcting the mortality data regarding children and adults, through the life table technique, life expectancy at birth for the provinces Iran was calculated by sex.
Results: The death registration regarding men and women, during 2011-2016, in the national level was 93% and 85% respectively. Moreover, the range of this coverage for the provinces has been between 70% and 98%. The life expectancy at birth for men was 73.1, and for women it was 76 years. Isfahan (77.9 for females and 74.8 for males) had the highest level of life expectancy at birth, and the lowest level was in Sistan and Baluchestan province (70.4 for females and 69.2 for males).
Conclusion: Considering that there are important differences between the life expectancy of men and women in the provinces of Iran, identifying the causes of provincial differences in regarding life expectancy in the provinces of Iran can ultimately lead to improved life expectancy at the national level.


A constraint satisfaction network model simulated cognitive dissonance data from the insufficient justification and free choice paradigms. The networks captured the psychological regularities in both paradigms. In the case of free choice, the model fit the human data better than did cognitive dissonance theory. Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957) has been a pillar of social psychology for some 30 years. The theory holds that dissonance is a psychological state of tension which people are motivated to reduce. Two cognitions are dissonant when, considered by themselves, one of them follows from the obverse of the other. The amount of dissonance is a function of the ratio of dissonant to consonant relations, with each relation weighted by its importance. Dissonance can be reduced by decreasing the number and/or the importance of the dissonant relations, or by increasing the number and/or the importance of consonant relations. How dissonance gets reduced depends on the resistance to change of the relevant cognitions, with less resistant cognitions being more likely to change. Resistance derives from the extent to which change would produce new dissonance, the degree to which the cognition is anchored in reality, and the difficulty of changing those aspects of reality. Festinger (1957) used dissonance theory to account for a number of existing psychological phenomena, including the evaluation of choices, attitude change following attitude-relevant actions, and responses to the disconfirmation of beliefs. It has since been successfully applied in a wide variety of both predictive and postdictive contexts. Consonance Model In this paper, we present a computational model of cognitive dissonance. The model is based on the idea that dissonance reduction is a constraint satisfaction problem. Such problems are solved by the simultaneous satisfaction of many soft constraints which can vary in their relative importance. In this framework, beliefs are represented as units in a network and implications among the beliefs are represented as connections among the units. The units can be variously active and the connections (weights) can vary in strength. Hopfield (1982, 1984) has worked out the mathematics for solving such constraint satisfaction problems in parallel networks. Hopfield networks are capable of simulating a variety of psychological phenomena, including belief revision, explanation, schema completion, analogical reasoning, and content-addressable memories (Holyoak & Thagard, 1989; Rumelhart, Smolensky, McClelland, & Hinton, 1986; Thagard, 1989). Unless used to model memory, these networks are generally considered ephemeral in the sense that they are created on line to deal with some particular task, although the creative process is not usually modeled. Hopfield networks function by reducing energy (equivalently, maximizing goodness) subject to the constraints supplied by the connections and any external input. Our Consonance Model for reducing cognitive dissonance is a Hopfield network lacking some of the parameters of other Hopfield networks and introducing some special parameters of its own. Maximizing the consonance (goodness) of any pair of connected units depends on the sign of the connection between them. Assume an activation range of 0 to 1. If connected by a positive weight, both units should be active in order to maximize consonance. With a negative weight, consonance is maximized when both units are not active, that is, when both are inactive or only one is active.


Time-domain bidirectional deconvolution methods show great promise for overcoming the minimum-phase assumption in blind deconvolution of signals containing a mixed-phase wavelet, such as seismic data. However, time-domain bidirectional methods usually suffer from slow convergence (Slalom method) or the starting model (Symmetric method). Claerbout proposed a logarithm Fourierdomain method to perform bidirectional deconvolution. In this paper, we test the new logarithm Fourier-domain method on both synthetic data and field data. The results demonstrate that the new method is more stable than previous methods and that it produces better results.


Serological diagnosis of active Toxoplasma infection is unreliable because reactivation of latent, hidden infection is not always accompanied by changes in antibody levels, and the presence of IgM does not necessarily indicate recent infection. Data concerning the relation between the severity of infection and the parasitic load especially at human level is limited. A trial was done in this work to study the relationship between the virulence of the parasite in different clinical forms and parasitic genomic load, via SYBR® Green quantitative PCR amplification assay and primers targeting Toxoplasma B1 gene. Fluorescence signals were generated from 91 samples, which were as follow; 7 cases with congenital manifestations, 19 cases with neurological disorders, and 65 asymptomatic cases. The seven congenitally infected cases showed significantly higher parasite load (5.15x 10 8 to 9x 10 10 ). Other clinical forms showed genomic concentration ranged from 1.7x 10 4 to 4.1x 10 8 . Equal copy numbers of template did not produce equal parameters on derivative melting curve plots. In conclusion, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a sensitive and practical method not only for gene quantification, but also for gene scanning by melting curve analysis which is highly recommended for different Toxoplasma genes especially those with known pathological functions.


The sixth chapter of Romans is one of the more important chapters ofPaul'smost important Epistle. Paul is dealing with the funda mentals of the Christian faith in this letter. It has the nearest claim of any book of the Bible to being a systematic statement of Christian theology. We find in Romans some of the basic ideas that make the Christian religion different from all others. While the Gospels tell the history of Jesus, his work and his words, it is in Romans that we get the significance of both. Here are the theology, the framework, the basic truths. In Romans 1:15�5:21 Paul describes the need, basis and rationale of justification. In Romans chapters six to fourteen Paul describes what should happen to Christians after conversion. As a


the corpora of Jie Xi-si ,which was written by the Yuan Dynasty scholar Jie Xi-si, embodied a lot of his poesies, where with the description of immortal fairyland imago and Taoist function, those poesies reflected the author's earnest heart of affiliating with Taoist, and represented the transcendental idea bourn and lofty art technique.


Background: The early onset of femoral neck fracture is commonly treated by bone grafting surgery. However rare cases of neglected femoral neck fractures in schizophrenic patients need to be treated by arthroplasty because of the rapid destruction of the femoral head within the acetabulum. Case presentation: We report a rare unique case of first-generation antipsychotic drug-induced neglected femoral neck fracture in a 41-year-old man presenting after a month complaining of not being able to walk due to falling in a ditch. X-ray examination findings revealed total destruction of the femoral head within the acetabulum with no acetabulum dysplasia detected. Ordinarily, it should be treated with a bone grafting procedure since no dysplasia was detected and it was an early onset case. However,  arthroplasty was chosen because the femoral head was destructed. Three months post-surgery x-ray shows the acetabulum dysplasia and lytic lesion that confirm drug-induced bone destruction by the first-generation antipsychotic drug. Conclusions: We suggest that even though rare, first-generation antipsychotic drugs neglected femoral neck fractures in schizophrenia patients can be successfully treated by arthroplasty supported by the patient's compliance. Bone mineral density (BMD) test is also suggested to monitor the bone density of schizophrenia patients.


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy in the maintenance of elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Methods
Fifty-six patients with metastatic breast cancer treated in Jiangsu Shengze Hospital from April 2014 to April 2017 were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table method: metronomic chemotherapy group (n = 28) and conventional chemotherapy group (n = 28). The patients in the metronomic chemotherapy group were treated with capecitabine 500 mg, 2 times/d and continuous oral administration. The conventional chemotherapy group received capecitabine 1 250 mg, 2 times/d for 14 days, rested for 7 days, 21 days was a course of treatment. After two courses, the clinical efficacy, toxicity and quality of life were evaluated.

Results
There were no significant differences in RR and DCR between the metronomic chemotherapy group and conventional chemotherapy group (RR: 39.3% vs. 42.8%, DCR: 89.3% vs. 85.7%, both P > 0.05). The median progression-free survival (PFS) time in the metronomic chemotherapy group was 5.8 months (95% CI 3.23-7.44, P = 0.764) and median overall survival (OS) time was 7.9 months (95% CI 4.15-7.95, P = 0.519). The median PFS time in the conventional chemotherapy group was 7.2 months (95% CI 3.32-6.33, P = 0.835), median OS time was 10.3 months (95% CI 4.08-7.37, P = 0.463). There was no significant difference between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The incidences of hand-foot syndrome, myelosuppression and digestive tract reaction in conventional chemotherapy group were higher than those in metronomic chemotherapy group, there were significant differences between the two groups (all P < 0.05). No Ⅲ- Ⅳ level adverse reactions were found in the metronomic chemotherapy group. The overall rate of improvement of the quality of life in the metronomic chemotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional chemotherapy group (92.9% vs. 78.8%, χ2 = 7.629, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The clinical efficacy of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy in the maintenance of elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer is similar to conventional dose maintenance therapy, but it can not only reduce the side effects, but also improve the quality of life of patients.

Key words:
Breast neoplasms; Neoplasm metastasis; Capecitabine; Metronomic chemotherapy; Maintenance therapy


This work reports gold-catalyzed reactions between 1,2-benzisoxazoles and propiolate derivatives with ester-controlled chemoselectivity. For ethyl propiolates 1', their gold-catalyzed reactions afforded Michael-type products 4, whereas tert-butyl propiolates 1 preferably underwent [4 + 2]-annulations, further yielding 6 H-1,3-oxazin-6-one derivatives 3.


This paper considers the welfare impacts of a range of franchising regimes for congestible highways. For a single road in isolation, it is shown that a competitive auction with the level of road use as the decision criterion produces the socially optimal road (in terms of capacity and toll level) as the equilibrium outcome, provided constant returns to scale characterize highway operations. The auction outperforms various alternatives, in which the bidders are asked to minimize the toll level or toll revenues, or to maximize capacity or the bid for the franchise. When second-best network aspects are taken into account, the patronage-maximizing auction is no longer optimal. When unpriced congestion on parallel capacity dominates, the second-best highway would generate losses and the zero-profit condition becomes binding. The auction produces a below-optimal capacity. When unpriced congestion on serial capacity dominates, the auction produces an above-optimal capacity.


e21574Background: Adjuvant treatment options for stage III melanoma patients (pts) are increasing with the approval of new agents. Little has been reported about the real world treatment patterns i...


Among the approaches to achieve high data rates in wireless systems, one rises as very promising: multiple-antenna systems (or Multiple Input Multiple Output – MIMO), in which the information is transmitted and received by multiple antennas. Such systems can achieve high data rates with using, among other possible choices, sphere decoding algorithms to decode the received MIMO symbols. For many algorithms used for MIMO detection, such as sphere decoding, a variation of the Fincke-Pohst Algorithm (FINCKE, 1985), it is required to have an efficient QR decomposition hardware, since it is used each time the channel impulse response changes significantly. And to achieve an efficient hardware implementation it is necessary to use a fixed point representation for the matrices, both for area and latency purposes. Evidently, the loss in precision resultant from fixed point precision introduces errors in the output matrices, and this is likely to lead to an increase in the frame error rate (FER). One of the purposes of this work is to determine the minimum amount of bits both for fractional and integer parts that are necessary to keep this increase sufficiently low. This work also evaluates the complexity reduction resultant from improved versions of the QR decomposition in tree-based search algorithms. More specifically, the sorted QR decomposition (SQRD) and the minimum mean-square error SQRD are evaluated. The other main purpose of this work is to come up with hardware architectures capable of computing the QR decomposition and its improved versions (SQRD and MMSE-SQRD) for small matrices, typically of 2 and 4 order. It is also important to have a fully functional VHDL description of this hardware and compare the different versions regarding area and latency.


The concepts of strategy (what we do or plan to do) and organizational identity (who we think we are) are deeply intertwined. Yet there is surprisingly little research that directly addresses their relationship. In this essay, we discuss the concepts of alignment and fit as central to the organizational identity and strategy literatures, respectively, and draw on this notion to introduce the seven articles included in the Special Issue on Exploring the Strategy-Identity Nexus. We conclude by proposing directions for further research, identifying new contexts, underexplored dimensions, and alternative ontological perspectives that are likely to enrich future explorations of strategy and organizational identity, and their mutual interrelations.


Investigation on the indigenization of psychology from the historical perspective is conducive to a comprehensive grasp of the concept of Indigenization,to a further knowledge of internal and external problems resulting from indigenization of psychology,and most importantly,to the promotion of the indigenous psychology in different cultural backgrounds.It is proposed,therefore,to establish a multi-center history of psychology,corresponding to the emerging diversity of indigenous psychology example,so as to challenge and combat the hegemony of cultural centers.


Given the suffering of children born out of sexual violence in times of armed conflicts and holding them and their mothers accountable for crimes they were not responsible for, we tried to state the importance of the protection that should be provided to these kids and treat them like the rest of their peers in terms of registering the baby, providing the health care and education. We discussed this by explaining the definition of sexual violence, basic rules for protecting kids in general, and finally the international efforts to protect children born out of sexual violence. The study concluded that international organizations should strive to provide the necessary protection for these children.


The aim of this study was to determine, using meta-analysis, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to explore the influence of method of diagnosis, DM types, and study year on the prevalence of DM with the view to evaluating the trend and the burden of DM in KSA. Prevalence estimates were derived using a random effect model on carefully selected population-based studies in KSA. The derived estimates were applied to the total populations in the country to give an estimated burden of DM. Twenty-one studies, with 376,998 participants out of whom 54,837 had DM, were selected. The prevalence of DM was 20.9%, 0.9%, and 12.6% for T2DM, T1DM, and combined T1/T2DM, respectively. Subgroup analysis using the method of DM diagnosis showed that the prevalence of DM was 14.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.3% to 19.0%) in the fasting plasma glucose group, 6.8% (95% CI: 2.6% to 11%) in oral glucose tolerance group, and 12.5% (6.2%–18.9%) in glycated hemoglobin group. Meta-regression revealed 4.6 × 10−3 increase in prevalence per year. The prevalence of DM in Saudi Arabia is high. There is a rising trend in the prevalence of DM in KSA and it is accompanied by a proportionate increase in the burden of DM.


We introduce randomized Limited View (LV) adversary codes that provide protection against an adversary that uses their partial view of the channel to construct an adversarial error vector that is added to the channel. For a codeword of length N, the adversary selects a subset of size ρrN of components to "see", and then "adds" an adversarial error vector of weight ρwN to the codeword. Performance of the code is measured by the probability of the decoder failure in recovering the sent message. An (N, qRN, δ)-limited view adversary is a code of rate R that ensures that the success chance of the adversary in making decoder to fail is bounded by δ. Our main motivation to study these codes is providing protection for wireless communication at the physical layer of networks. We formalize the definition of adversarial error and decoder failure, construct a code with efficient encoding and decoding that allows the adversary to, depending on the code rate, read up to half of the sent codeword and add error on the same coordinates. The code is non-linear, has an efficient decoding algorithm, and is constructed using a message authentication code (MAC) and a Folded Reed-Solomon (FRS) code. The decoding algorithm uses an innovative approach that combines the list decoding algorithm of the FRS codes and the MAC verification algorithm to eliminate the exponential size of the list output from the decoding algorithm. We discuss our results and future work.


In this paper, we focus on the definition and adaptation of the execution behavior of a task in order to support flexible workflows in the presence of distributed workflow enactment. We argue that an adequate behavior definition is the basis for both, modeling less-restrictive workflows in advance as well as supporting dynamic workflow changes. We show how different control flow dependency types can be specified in our approach and can be used to define less-restrictive workflows. Furthermore, we discuss the definition of an adequate behavior for dynamic modifications in different situations. In particular, we describe how the application of and reaction to dynamic changes can be adapted in our approach depending on the process context and the behavior of a task itself.


Given a need for nowcasting, we consider how nowcasts can best be achieved, the use and timing of information, including disaggregation over variables and common features, and the role of automatic model selection for nowcasting missing disaggregates. We focus on the impact of location shifts on nowcast failure and nowcasting during breaks, using impulse saturation, its relation to intercept correction, and to robust methods to avoid systematic nowcast failure. We propose a nowcasting strategy, building models of all N disaggregate series by automatic methods, forecasting every variable each period, then testing for shifts in available measures, switching to robust forecasts of missing series when breaks are detected. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Endotoxin is thought to play a major role in septic shock and multiple systemic organ failure (MOF). However, endotoxin is not always detected in the plasma during Gram-negative sepsis by current Limulus lysate assays. Additionally, it is unknown to what extent the biological activity of endotoxin is truly reflected in endotoxemia. This paper assesses quantitatively a comparison of three types of Limulus assays for the detection of the biological activity of endotoxin in plasma. Mouse lethal activity and TNF production were used for assessment of the biological activity of endotoxin both before and after potential modification of LPS activity by plasma constituents. We have concluded that the dilution and heating method coupled with a toxinometer provides the most accurate correlation with other biological activities of endotoxin in plasma. The fact that the biological activity of endotoxin decreased to 17% of initial dose after incubation at 37ºC for 90 min in normal plasma suggests further a temporal dependence of time in plasma upon the manifestation of biological activities normally attributable to this biologically active microbial constituent found in the plasma of septic patients.


The present invention provides a universal serial bus port, and a universal serial bus master public port. The universal serial bus port comprises a rubber masterbatch core portion and the conductive layer. The gum core portion having a plurality of signals located above the gum core portion of the first surface pads. The conductive layer is disposed on the second surface of the core portion of the adhesive, wherein the adhesive face of the second core portion located opposite the first adhesive surface of the core portion. The universal serial bus port comprises a male portion and a conductive rubber layer of the core. The gum core portion having a first plurality of signals is located at the surface of the rubber pad core portion. The conductive layer is disposed on the second surface of the core portion of the adhesive, wherein the adhesive face of the second core portion located opposite the first adhesive surface of the core portion. A universal serial bus port and the conductive layer parent universal serial bus port of the present invention provides well can provide an effective return path, radiation noise can be significantly reduced.


The invention discloses a method and a device for verifying legality of a marketing tool. The method for verifying the legality of the marketing tool includes: obtaining a marketing tool model to be verified at present; obtaining at least one verification plug-in module corresponding to the marketing tool model; verifying the legality of the marketing tool model by executing the at least one verification plug-in module, wherein each verification plug-in module is a plug-in module generated according to a predefined marketing tool rule. The method and the device for verifying the legality of the marketing tool can achieve intelligent verification for the legality of the marketing tool, improve verification speed and save labor cost.


In this paper, we study the disconnection of a moving vehicle from a linear access network composed by cheap WiFi Access Points in the context of the telecommuting in massive transportation systems. In concrete, we analyze the probability for a user to experience a disconnection longer than a threshold t∗, leading to a disruption of all on-going communications between the vehicle and the infrastructure network. We provide an approximation formula considering two scenarios (intercity bus and train) to estimate this probability for large networks. We then carry out a sensitivity analysis and supply a guide for operators when choosing the parameters of the networks. Last, we show that such systems are viable, as they attain a very low probability of long disconnections with a very low maintenance cost.


The sixteen month duration of the financial crisis was a terrible time for investment professionals. From fund managers to consultants to investors, no one was spared market losses and anxiety over where the financial industry was headed and when the bleeding would end. Right before the financial crisis began risk quantification models were rampant, from value-at-risk (VaR) to Sharpe ratios to stress testing portfolios. In the end it did not matter – all models failed horribly. How could so many educated, experienced, intelligent, well-meaning professionals fail so badly? It all has to do with the basic concept of risk. Ask anyone who talks about risk to define the word, and you most likely will be met with a blank stare. Risk is a word we all talk about but do not define what we mean. This paper presents the issues in quantifying and discussing risk.


The objectives of this research are to construct model approximation using Serumferritin level by Deferasirox and Deferiprone in pediatric Thalassemic patients at clinical trial of Uttaradit hospital. This study is the retrospective cohort study. The statistical methodology is used multiple linear regressions. The error investigation and reliability was considered by R 2 adj and MSE. The results of this research found that: The post-Serum Ferritin of Deferasirox is involved with pre- Serum Ferritin and the enzymes alanine transaminase  (ALT) while R 2 adj =0.755 and MSE=0.011.The post-Serum Ferritin of Deferiprone is associated with medical diagnosis, age, splenectomy, pre-Serum Ferritin and the  enzymes aspartate transaminase  (AST) while R 2 adj =0.506 and MSE=0.014.


The Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements of undoped and carbon doped aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films near the band-edge region were performed at 300, 77 and 4.2 K, respectively. These films were grown on three different substrates: 6H-SiC, 4H-SiC and sapphire. A dominant peak was observed in undoped samples around 5.9 eV. This peak can be further resolved into three distinct peaks at 6.05, 5.85, and 5.69 eV for AlN on sapphire. The temperature dependence of the peak positions and line widths were investigated. These peaks are believed to be due to exciton recombination. Also, the absorption spectra of carbon doped AlN on sapphire were analyzed to study the Urbach tail parameters which play an important role in near band-edge transitions.


The theory of system and design methodology as the sphere of concepts being objective mode can be applied to a more precise description, analysis and improvement of the methods of the real architectural design process. Lull's art as the primary idea of morphological analysis, has been acknowledged as to an element corresponding with the specificity of architectural design. From the architect's point of view it is worth studying the rules and peculiarities of morphological analysis methodology. In engineering design thus it may be possible to apply the methodology in architectural design.


The invention discloses a novel cross coupling substrate integrated waveguide band-pass filter. The filter comprises basic resonant units, wherein rectangular resonant cavities serve as the basic resonant units. Magnetic coupling is achieved among the resonant cavities in a windowing mode. S-shaped grooves are formed to achieve electrical coupling, and input and output are achieved by the adoption of a micro-strip-line and coplanar-waveguide structure. The rectangular SIW resonant cavities are formed by loading of periodic metal through holes in medium substrates. The electrical coupling is achieved through the structure that the S-shaped grooves with symmetrical central axes are formed in the upper metal face and the lower metal face of the two cavities, debugging is convenient, processing is easy, and the structure is suitable for the miniaturization design of the filter. The micro-strip-line and coplanar-waveguide structure is adopted for the input and the output, and the structure is that coplanar waveguides are directly connected with an input 50-Ohm micro strip line and an output 50-Ohm micro strip line, so that an extra transitional design is not needed for matching of ports, and complexity is simplified. The filter is compact in structure, improves out-of-band rejection, has better properties of restraining strays and separating signals, and meets requirements for the miniaturization and high properties of modernization radio communication.


In this work, dispersive wave propagation in plant leaves is studied using a long distance laser-based ultrasonic method. Guided waves traveling through and along the midrib, as well as in the lamina, are measured and analyzed via wave attenuation, characteristic diagram and dispersion curves. Additionally, an estimation of the leaf elastic properties using the Rayleigh–Lamb model, supported by thickness-resonance frequency constraints, is proposed. This study paves the way for the development of acoustic fingerprints for the identification of leaves and their non-invasive and fairly non-destructive mechanical characterization, which is highly related to the plant hydraulics and photosynthetic activity.


We present experiments studying material properties created with nanosecond and millimeter-scale ion beam pulses on the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II at Berkeley Lab. 4The accessible scientific topics include the dynamics of ion induced damage in materials, materials synthesis far from equilibrium and intense beam-plasma physics. We describe the accelerator performance, diagnostics and results of beaminduced irradiation of thin samples of, for example, tin and silicon. Bunches with $>3 \mathrm {x}10 ^{10}$ions/pulse within 1-mm radius and 2–30 ns FWHM duration have been created. To achieve the short pulse durations and mm-scale focal spot radii, the 1.2 MeV He $^{+}$ion beam is accelerated and bunched in the induction accelerator. After the last of twelve acceleration gaps, the beam is neutralized in a drift compression section which removes the space charge defocusing effect during the final compression and focusing. Detailed particle-in-cell simulations include the effects of space charge and image charge fields, finite temperature of the ion beam, plasma neutralization, applied focusing fields and acceleration fields. Quantitative comparison of these simulations with the experiment play an important role in optimizing the accelerator performance and keep pace with the accelerator repetition rate of $< 1 /$minute.


tion, but local and state governments must now show their commitment to this goal. Equality of educational opportunity is not a new phenomenon since many states now give special grants to local small school districts; some give grants to sparsely settled school districts; and some give special rural aid. The need for special purpose grants is still with us, although the clientele has shifted from rural to urban.


This paper will attempt to explain why the European Parliament has been taking an increasingly restrictive position on immigration since 2005, and particularly after the 2009 ratification of the Lisbon Treaty (which increased the authority of the Parliament in the field of immigration). The author will argue that one must go beyond parliamentary demographics, changing public opinion, or ideology and examine the EU's political structure to obtain an adequate explanation. The Parliament's views on immigration appear to be closely linked to institutional dynamics and a desire to respond to criticism that EU institutions suffer from a "Democratic Deficit". This study will demonstrate that the large change in voting behavior of the EP in the field of immigration, determined by analyzing EP voting behavior on legislation before and after 2005, appears to be due to the change of authority of the EP (on immigration legislation) from Consultation to Co-decision in 2005. Specifically, regression analysis relating voting behavior and party affiliation indicates that a significant decrease in both party cohesion and support for a liberal policy occurred after 2005, particularly with two of its main parties, the S&D and ELDR. As the Parliament, like other EU institutions, attempts to be more democratic and thus more responsive to the concerns of their constituencies, one can speculate that the views expressed by the Parliament in areas besides immigration will increasingly coincide with those expressed by the Council and the Commission.


Fractal encoding technique possesses some particular properties which make it as an attractive approach to video sequences compression.In this paper,we propose a novel fractal-based encoding method for video signals,which,based on Self-Transformation Systems(STS), is combined with Motion Compensation as well as nonlinear transformation.Experiment of results of realtime image sequences show that the proposed method can achieve a very fast encoding speed and acceptable tradeoff between compression ration and decoding quality.


Exploring the basic mechanism of long-term economic growth has been an important and fascinating subject in economics research. In this paper, we use the new economic history analysis paradigm, through studying the British historical evolution, to extract the basic structure affecting the sustained growth of economics. Through the investigation of the rise of the British, we found that the evolution of social structure has a profound and lasting impact on a country's long-term economic growth.


The paper expounds composition and performance of Magneto-Rheological Fluids(MRF),as well as the structure and working principle of MRF brake.Furthermore it derives braking torque formula for single disc MRF brake and drum MRF brake according to rheological property of MRF,and builds the related models in Simulink environment and then analyzes characteristics of both brakes.The analysis results can serve as a reference for the MRF research and design.


An injection molding machine that distinctively displays operation parameters attributed to molds, which are set by designating a mold to be used, and the other operation parameters, to thereby prevent setting errors. The machine has storage means for storing and saving the operation parameters attributed to molds, which are determined by molds, with respect to each mold, and storage means for operation parameters to be applied for operating the injection molding machine. In the storage means for operation parameters to be applied, the stored operation parameters attributed to molds are read out to be set, and the other operation parameters are each stored. When the operation parameters stored in the storage means for operation parameters to be applied are set and displayed, the display appearances of the operation parameters attributed to molds and that of the other operation parameters are differentiated from each other. In the drawings, parameters provided with * are operation parameters attributed to molds, and those not provided with * are the other parameters. The other operation parameters that need to be set and the operation parameters attributed to molds, which hardly need to be altered, are displayed distinctively, resulting in a reduction in setting errors.


denture wearers, who were over 60 years old, and use the results for a fundamental data to promote public awareness about denture stomatitis and its education tools. Materials and methods: From August 21 to September 8 2017, 500 denture wearers, who were more than 60 years old in Seoul and 4 other metropolitan cities (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Daejeon), received questionnaires. The questionnaires included denture wearers' demographic distributions, specific dental treatment experiences, discomforts with current dentures, their oral health conditions, and the method of denture cleansing. Results: Thirty-two percent of 500 denture wearers responded that they have healthy oral conditions. Two hundred and eight respondents (41.6%) were aware of denture stomatitis. Only 131 (26.2%) were informed about the removable denture covered by national health insurance and 327 (65.4%) of denture wearers were using the improper denture cleansing methods. Conclusion: A large number of denture wearers still do not recognize the importance of proper treatment for denture stomatitis, insurance covered denture treatments, and adequate denture cleansing methods. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2018;56:287-94)


Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is an autonomous system of mobile vehicles in which vehicles are a source of information. In VANET, direct communication between vehicles provides high-level safety and hassle-free drive. Large moving vehicles such as trucks or buses may affect direct communication of vehicles as a nonline of sight (NLOS) may occur. NLOS restricts direct communication of vehicles. Even the corresponding vehicle is within the communication range of the communicating vehicle. To overcome the NLOS problem and verify the location of the vehicles, this chapter has presented a routing mechanism, namely Directional Location Verification and Routing (DLVR) in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network. DLVR model prevents the false location information of the nodes by reduced packet drop and increased packet delivery ratio. Before transmitting data packets DLVR verifies data packets through reliability check. Through simulation work, it has shown the proposed DLVR model reduced packet drop and increased packet delivery ratio which increases the network performance.


This conceptual chapter presents an overview of the current developments in special education, specifically in inclusive education, and focuses only on the barriers experienced by the different stakeholders in developing countries in South East Asia. To support inclusion and equity in education, governments need to influence public opinion, implement legislation and policy regulations, and provide financial resources. The three key stakeholders are the government, educational professionals, and families. There are also others including instructors and other education professionals, teacher trainers and researchers, national, local, and school-level administrators and managers, policy-makers and service providers in other sectors, civic groups in the community, and members of minority groups who are at risk of exclusion. Awareness of the value of inclusive education should be raised amongst all stakeholders to develop a network of support for all learners.


Fifty-eight strains of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola, including both culture collection strains and freshly isolated strains from solar salterns, were examined for their susceptibility to 10 heavy metal ions by using an agar dilution technique. All strains were sensitive to cadmium, copper, silver, zinc and mercury. This latter ion showed the highest activity even at 0·05 mmol/1 metal concentration. On the other hand, all strains were similarly tolerant to lead, and a great proportion of them were also tolerant to nickel (91%) and chromium (88%). Only 44% and 14% of them showed tolerance to arsenate and cobalt, respectively. The majority of strains (96·4%) were multiply metal-tolerant, with three different metal ion tolerances as the major pattern.


The structural proteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) consist of nucleocapsid protein C and envelope glycoprotein E rns (E0), E1 and E2. Among them, E2, the most immunogenic of the CSFV glycoproteins, induces a protective immune response in swine. In this study, to determine the optimal expression conditions of glycoprotein E2 using baculovirus system, we investigated the influence of insect cells and media to the expression of recombinant E2. Recombinant virus containing glycoprotein E2 coding gene was constructed with bApGOZA DNA. Expression of the glycoprotein E2 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using anti-CSFV E2 monoclonal antibodies. Expression of glycoprotein E2 in Sf21 cells was first observed after 3 days and reached a maximum on the 5th day after infection. Furthermore, the highest levels of glycoprotein E2 expression were observed at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5. When three different insect cell lines (Sf21, High-Five and Se301) were tested, High-Five cells showed the highest production. In addition, four different serum-free and serum-supplemented media, respectively, were tested for the expression of glycoprotein E2 and the budded virus (BV) titers. As a result, serum-supplemented medium provided the best conditions for protein production and the BV yield.


Rice nitrogen status is an important index for rice growth evaluation,rice yield and quality estimation. It has important significance for the precise diagnosis of rice nitrogen status and effective management of rice production. Computer image processing technology is able to detect rice nutrition information accurately and nondestructively on a real time basis,which has widely applied in precision agriculture. The accuracy and speed of rice canopy segmentation directly affects the performance of model and efficiency of nutrition information detection. The image characteristics of RGB color channels of three typical rice canopy images in paddy field were analyzed in this research. A G-R color channel based OSTU method was proposed to segment rice canopy images from the edge,color and region of images. Experiments were conducted to compare the time required and segmentation effects with other methods. Results showed that in the 40 images,the success rate of proposed segmentation method reached 92.5% with the minimum time required.


A milestone process on how Good Aquaculture Practices (GAqP) emanates in Philippine aquaculture and its integration to the ASEAN harmonized standardization efforts is discussed in the paper. The management model, value chain and draft Philippine National Standard of the GAqP code are presented and evaluated as to its impact to trade and marketing, socioeconomic considerations, food safety and technology.


FOURTEEN cases of lye stricture of the oesophagus coming to one clinician within twelve months is indicative of the frequency of the occurrence of this most distressing condition ; moreover, it is a calamity so easily prevented. While the above number of cases have been under my treatment during that period, the average promises to be maintained in the ensuing months. Twelve of these cases have been in children, who are often the innocent victims of carelessness on the part of their mothers. The latter, usually of the indigent class, are ignorant at times of the grave danger that the innocent-looking can of lye may be to their children. Concentrated lye is put up in cans resembling those containing condensed milk, and as one little girl, nine years old, told me, she drank the lye solution under the impression that it was condensed milk. Furthermore, concentrated lye is inconspicuously labelled as to the poisonous character of the contents of the can ; it is an almost unbelievable fact, as I am informed by Dr Chevalier Jackson, that some manufacturers maintain an effective lobby to fight State legislation, having for its object the requirement of change of shape of package and conspicuous labelling of lye cans. Doubtless,


stability outage probability of LDPC code is caused by the density evolution on given channel, we formulate the stability outage probability for block fading channel by researching the SOP for the BEC channel and AWGN channel, Simulation results show that how the class of capacity-achieving ensembles on the erasure channel is bounded away from the outage limit on a block fading channel by studying of the SOP for AWGN channel and BEC channel.


The railways constructed during the mid to late 19th century have given London more individual terminals than any other city in the world. As substantial interventions into the city's street network, the construction of stations and their related infrastructure created new spatial relationships with surrounding neighbourhoods. The relationships between the largest stations, the terminals, and their host areas developed over a period of 175 years, from the 19th century, but these stations still dominate their neighbourhoods today. Previous research into London's railway terminals, and the development of stations around the world, has focused on the direct functions of a station, as connectors and transport hubs. However, the network influence of station buildings and of the railway infrastructure that passes through large areas of the city behind stations has received limited research attention. Station neighbourhoods are frequently discussed only in terms of their redevelopment potential, in relation to railway improvements. This paper analyses the neighbourhoods of two terminals – Euston and Waterloo as case studies, representing the two different types of approach structure typical of London, and investigates the spatial relationship they have developed with their neighbourhoods. A combination of spatial analysis techniques is used to assess the configuration of areas around both stations during two time periods – the late 19th century and today. The aim is to assess the spatial character of these sample areas, and investigate the extent to which they have changed over time. This allows the hypotheses to be tested that long-term spatial outcomes arise from the insertion of railway terminals into existing urban fabric, and that these outcomes differ according to the nature of these insertions. It aims to generate more detailed knowledge about the spatial role of the terminus in London, and its influence on urban form, particularly in more overlooked areas behind railway terminals.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing meat and vegetable ingredients such as chopping beef and smoked meat, peeling, shredding and blanching potatoes, cleaning and blanching peas, steeping and chopping dry fried onions and carrots, mixing the specified ingredients adding potato flakes and water, packaging the obtained mixture into bags made of composite polymer metallised film. Before using, spices, seasoning and aromatisers are added into the preserved product that were previously packaged into waterproof bags attached to the bag with the preserved product. The suggested method enables to expand range of preserved instant products for preparing first courses having good taste qualities, balanced combination of fats, proteins and carbohydrates as well as caloric value. EFFECT: suggested technology is distinguished by fair simplicity, provides preserved product longer storage time, enables to lower the product cost and provides optimal price and quality ratio. 2 cl


The extent to which human capital, especially schooling, contributes to social well-being and economic growth is an important question, and has been addressed in numerous research studies. The results of these studies are diverse, and hence controversial and widely debated. Evidence on this issue has important implications for public policies toward education and the optimal public/private balance in the financing of educational services.


Electronic states and optical transition probabilities between them in oxygen‐doped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are studied by tight‐binding model calculation with coherent potential approximation. It is found that notable splitting of degenerated bands occurs owing to the breaking of the rotational symmetry even by the diluted impurity potentials which consist of one oxygen atom per 500 carbon sites in (15,0) SWNTs. According to the changes of electronic states, additional peaks relating to the impurity states appear in the joint density of states from unoccupied to occupied bands. Taking the optical matrix elements into account, it is concluded that the lowest transition energy will be shifted due to the doping.


Chitosan is a biopolymer material. Mechanical, physical and barrier properties of different chitosan films incorporating garlic oil at 25, 50 and 100 µL/g chitosan or potassium sorbate at 25, 50 and 100 mg/g chitosan as antifungal agents were studied. Addition of garlic oil or potassium sorbate into the films did not alter their color except at the highest concentration of garlic oil which resulted in a more yellowish film. Garlic oil reduced film strength and elongation but it had no effect on water vapor transmission rate. Potassium sorbate reduced film strength and water vapor transmission rate, but it increased oxygen transmission rate. Films containing garlic oil or potassium sorbate was used to wrap around garlic bread to evaluate its shelf life. The development of mold on the bread surface was observed daily. The results showed that garlic bread wrapped in chitosan film incorporating garlic oil had 23 days shelf life, compared with only 7 days shelf life of garlic bread without wrapping. Garlic bread wrapped by film containing potassium sorbate had 13 days shelf life. Garlic breads wrapped by the films incorporating either garlic oil or potassium sorbate were acceptable in terms of sensory evaluation.


One specimen of Ilia nucleus and one specimen of Ethusa mascarone were collected from Urla coasts, Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea. Up to now, both rare species are being reported for the three and four times from Izmir Bay, respectively. Keywords: Brachyura, Ilia nucleus, Ethusa mascarone, Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea.


The angular velocity distribution in rotating massive stars with uniform composition and opacity due to electron scattering is calculated on the assumption that meridional circulation is neglible. The effects of radiation pressure are taken into account in the determination of the differential rotation and the angularvelocity is assumed to be ndependent of latitude.


This report describes the performance metrics and the baseline measurement system. It also describes efforts to determine the accuracy of the baseline system in determining the time and position of roadway departures. In addition, the precise, synchronized recording of video and GPS data proved useful in determining the accuracy and the delays of GPS when measuring the position of a moving vehicle. The baseline measurement system is now sufficiently mature to be used to evaluate roadway departure warning systems. The measurement system also serves as a promising platform to perform a wide range of the evaluations.


The bacterial RecA protein plays a pivotal role in homologous recombination and DNA repair (1,2). The high extent of sequence conservation among RecA proteins, makes it a valuable tool in molecular phylogeny of bacteria (3). Recently, Sano (4) identified a recA-related gene adjacent to the 3' end of recA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This gene was indispensable for survival of a rec-2 mutant when wild-type recA was reintroduced and highly expressed, suggesting some regulatory role related to recA function, possibly by interaction of the gene product with RecA. A weak similarity of the deduced protein, RecX, with the resolvases of Tn501 and Tn2J was reported, but no homologues were identified (4). Previously we showed that RecA of P.fluorescens shares 88% identical residues with the enzyme of P.aeruginosa (5). We have now determined the nucleotide sequence of the region downstream of P.fluorescens recA. Apparently, the RecX homologue of P.fluorescens is encoded by this DNA region. The deduced protein sequence shows strong similarity with P.aeruginosa RecX (Figure 1). Both Pseudomonas proteins aligned well with the OraA protein of Escherichia coli, which is encoded by a gene located between recA and alaS (6) (Figure 1). Using the TBLASTN program which enables searches for


The cultural cognition thesis posits that individuals rely extensively on cultural meanings in forming perceptions of risk. The logic of the cultural cognition thesis suggests that a two-channel science communication strategy, combining information content ("Channel 1") with cultural meanings ("Channel 2"), could promote open-minded assessment of information across diverse communities. We test this kind of communication strategy in a two-nation (United States, n = 1,500; England, n = 1,500) study, in which scientific information content on climate change was held constant while the cultural meaning of that information was experimentally manipulated. We found that cultural polarization over the validity of climate change science is offset by making citizens aware of the potential contribution of geoengineering as a supplement to restriction of CO2 emissions. We also tested the hypothesis, derived from a competing model of science communication, that exposure to information on geoengineering would lead citizens to discount climate change risks generally. Contrary to this hypothesis, we found that subjects exposed to information about geoengineering were slightly more concerned about climate change risks than those assigned to a control condition.


In a VHDL-based design flow for application specific integrated circuits, VITAL provides a uniform methodology for developing ASIC libraries for signoff simulation. The VITAL Standard includes specialized routines for describing behavior and timing of ASIC cells and integrates back-annotation via Standard Delay Format (SDF). One of the key issues of the VITAL initiative was to accelerate simulation performance at gate level by allowing only a restricted set of VHDL. In this paper, we present an efficient implementation of the VITAL-Standard in our object-oriented, event-driven logic simulation tool OLIVIA. First promising results concerning simulation performance compared to conventional VHDL-Simulators are given.


In this symposium, cutting‐edge data on neuropathology, pathological biochemistry and molecular biology of sporadic and familial tauopathies, as well as on the development of model animals, were presented and discussed by five expert neuropathologists.


A glucose biosensor is constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase(GOD) and polypyrrole(PPy)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)-chitosan(CS) on the electrode with layer-by-layer(LbL) technique.Pyrrole is electropolymerized on Pt electrode,then MWCNTs and CS are linked by electrostatic adsorption.GOD is electrostaticly absorbed.The results show the glucose biosensor's determination range is 3.7×10-4~1.123×10-2 mol/L,a detection limit of 2.4×10-5mol/L,response time is less than 5s.It still keep 95% activity after 7 days.This biosensor exhibits a good anti-interferential quality and an excellent stability.


We have developed an easier and less-invasive method of Norplant removal than that suggested in the manufacturers removal guide. A curved hemostat without serrations (the same dissecting clamp that is used in no-scalpel vasectomy) is used in place of a no. 11 scalpel to enter the fibrous capsule. After a skin incision has been made the tip of the capsule is grasped. The closed dissecting clamp is introduced into the fibrous capsule. The blades of the clamp are gently opened spreading all layers down to the bare implant. The implant is then removed with a straight hemostat. This procedure results in relatively little bleeding. (full text)


Ascorbic acid is a mild chelating agent. The formation constait of the calc im ion comndex is approximately 0.19 at a pH of 7.2 to 71.3, g 0.16, atdl at a tempei at cie of 25 C (SCHUBIi tir and LININBAUMT, 1 Im Cltun Soc 74: 3529 3531, 1952) We investigated the ipossiil)l iole of th1is substance in the mitneralization of (ldentil pilalue atiti in enamel. solilbilift Exp-eiimerntal plaque fornimed on1 MI-xlai strips. wx hich wsere fixed on1 a tnoxalle al)l)iiaice atnl left ill the motith foi thteoe daxs, wa~s sepa.nted iiito txxo giottps. Tue control gtoiip wis exposecd to a calcifsing solution containing 3 finIt Ca/liter (Ca/P 1.67, Ic 0.16; 1)1-1 6.8; terpetatiiw 37 C) lie expeiimenial giotip) xxas exposed to a similar solution ciii iched exxlth I rrgg/100 ml ascoibic acid. Each 4i S()it iremalwed in its solution fot 48 bouts. he iesiillts xeie hcaxy miiieialization itE tlt conitirol group a1(1 Plflo1oiiccl inhl7ibitionl of Miiieializatioii ii t(he (s)crinimetital giouip (11urllsitioii) Enamel slabs xtwre l)iepare(l for hai.-idncss nicestitenmeit IV a spe ial tchnique ( NI"'W lRN aitl PiNIGAN, list lent 1 .210-212, 1960; KOULIt i(1)1,.S, Dental C/injs of N\oi th . etia 1962. v) 485) After the initial ha'idness ofe(ac slaib was ec(-Otded separately. the slabs xxce exposed to a xxeak acid huflfe (0.01 AC acetic :tcidLKOll it a plH of 5.5, eniiclied itxx i .5h 0 ACm.C1 iter) to soften each saltb thotut 50 to 100 1KIN. Tlei tieO xalies of tihe nex haidness of the slabss xxei -ccoriled and the slabs xxeie sepel-ited itito 1xx groups. The control giotip xwas exposedl it) the calcifxitig soliition fot 24 houts to alloxx it io regain ais muilcih of th1e lost milletals as possible and alies iiClixiseI its aaidiltess. TIlh CxpCe Imital gioup xwas (exposei to a similar solttioi etriched xx itli 1 Tr-Ug 1{00 nil ascoihh. adid fCo the sarne huirtp)se. The results sloxx a slight dcletease of remiletr-ali~atioii raft inl expet imlental gotllp (Table) It is obxriotus that the inhibition of the mineraliiation of plaque (experimental group) is (Ite to the decrease of the ion proliuc t of the calcifxing solution near the point at wxhichi spon-


Using a stylized model of system dynamics that reproduces the process of forming the money supply in connection with the production of private and public goods, the existence of asymptotically stable modes of the monetary system is shown in the case when the sector of the economy that produces public goods is financed by non-repayable money issuance. Such regimes arise at the end of a stabilization period characterized by dynamic instability, provided that private goods production technologies are able to maintain sufficiently high productivity. Under asymptotically stable regimes, with a significant (in the experiments conducted, 30%) employment in the production of public goods, profitable production of commercial goods is maintained in sufficient volumes at low inflation. The risks typical for this method of financing are identified, the main of which is the displacement of loans by issue when productivity is not sufficient. It is shown that in the assumptions of the model used, the prerequisite for asymptotically stable functioning is a tendency to outstrip the growth of employment in the production of private goods to the maximum level allowed by the conditions of the scenario.


Objectives To compare the rate of initial fixation failure and clinical outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) surgery with a rectangular tunnel bone-patellar tendon-bone (RT-BTB) graft (RT-BTB ACL-R) using metallic interference screws (M-IFSs) and bioabsorbable interference screws (B-IFSs) for femoral fixation. Methods Data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing RT-BTB ACL-R and CT within 2 weeks after surgery. Femoral fixation was performed using M-IFSs (M-IFS group) or B-IFSs (B-IFS group). Screw selections were historically controlled. The following parameters were intraoperatively assessed: IFS breakage and initial fixation failure examined by movement of the graft pulled with maximum manual force. Posterior wall breakage was assessed using CT. Lysholm Score, the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Examination Form and the KT-2000 arthrometer was evaluated as the clinical outcome measures. Results The study included 116 patients. Of these, 26 were included in the M-IFS group and 92 in the B-IFS group. The rate of IFS breakage was not significantly different between the M-IFS and B-IFS groups (0.0% vs 2.2%). The rate of initial fixation failure was not significantly different between the M-IFS and B-IFS groups (3.8% vs 5.6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that only posterior wall breakage predicted initial fixation failure (p=0.02). No significant difference of the clinical outcomes was observed between the M-IFS and B-IFS groups. Conclusion Initial fixation failure or clinical outcomes is not different between M-IFS and B-IFS use for femoral fixation in RT-BTB ACL-R. Level of evidence Prospective study using historical controls, level IV.


Palatal myoclonus, a kind of objective tinntius, is an uncommon disorder which shows rhythmic involuntary movement of the muscles of soft palate. Because of inadequate response of the muscles involved in palatal myoclonus to medical therapy, injection of botulinum toxin has been considered. We report a case of palatal myoclonus which had not responded to medical therapy. Injection of botulinum toxin into the muscle under the electromyographic guidance showed complete recovery of tinnitus and no more rhythmic movements of the muscles. Electromyography findings before and after botulinum toxin injection were also demonstrated


A simple criterion is defined which allows a quick estimate of a radar's capability to resolve two targets with differential motion. The criterion is applicable to general types of target motion, and hence will yield nominal resolution performance for arbitrary systems that utilize relative motion, such as synthetic aperture radar or inverse synthetic aperture radar, Doppler filters, systems that make use of target spin, and so forth. The criterion is considered both for weighted and unweighted signals.


The morphology of one isolate each of Meloidogyne incognita, M.javanica, M. hapla, M. exigua, M. salasi , and M. arabicida , from Costa Rica was studied with the scanning electron microscope. Good characteristics for the differentiation of the six species were found in the labial and cephalic regions of females, males, and second-stage juveniles, but the single most reliable morphological character was the female perineal pattern.


The question of the origins and vicissitudes of gender identity has been actively debated in the wake of the demise of the classical freudian formulations on sexual differentiation. Subsequently, the issues related to the development and expression of gender identity have been much discussed, with the result that our thinking about such matters has undergone significant change and we can at least persuade ourselves that we may be drawing closer to a more comprehensive and meaningful understanding of what is involved in such questions for both sexes. My purpose in this article is to try to bring some greater degree of organization and synthesis to our understanding of sexual aspects of personality functioning and to integrate this with a psychoanalytically meaningful concept of the self. In this first article I discuss some general issues pertaining to gender formation and then review developmental findings and differences related to the formation and characteristics of masculine gender identity. In the following article in this journal issue (Meissner, S.J., 2005) I review similar findings with respect to feminine and homosexual gender identity, and then attempt to integrate these understandings of gender identity with a more encompassing view of the self as synonymous with the human person, that is, of the self as an embodied and heterogeneously structured unity. My objective is to propose a more comprehensive theory of the self that makes sense in terms of psychoanalytic understanding and contributes to closing the gap between the analytic view of sexuality and the structure and functioning of the self.


The concepts and theories of Western hermeneutics have its development from ancient Greek philosophy known as 'hermeneutics'. It is closely to language, because language is an instrument of communicates through language and symbols and there are three of concepts and theories of western hermeneutics, of these they are the Author-centric, the Text-centric and the Reader-centric. The theory of interpretation or hermeneutics in Theravada Buddhism, however, is based on the Nettipakaraņa (the guide). On the other hand, the hermeneutics in Mahayana, they follow on the Sandhiniramocana Sutra, a skillful method or Upaya is very important in Mahayana. It has four criteria of interpretations as claimed by Pan-chen bSod nam grags pa of these they are as; 1) the intended meaning 2) the foundation of the intention 3) the motive 4) the contradiction if taken literally. The hermeneutics of Vajrayana is transmission systematically from person to person; by means of public teaching and private teaching. The method to realize the truth, however, is private teaching method and the master would perform with individual masters initiating and teaching individual disciples. Sometimes, the students would need his clarity shattered; the Vajra Master spoke in riddles or symbolically to allow the student to interpret. For the interpretation of Chogyam Trungpa, found that it is a mixed method and in accordance with three majors of Western traditions; emphasize on authors, texts and the readers, including Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana Buddhism. His interpret is based on and accordance with the concept framework of the old Vajra traditions, but he presents in a new form in order to follow the social content. His aim of interpretation of Buddhadhamma is to cultivating one's spiritual and lives in social content, and he emphasized that one must be abandoned the conventional world and to promote the world of ultimate truth; this two sides of the sameness. The aims of Chogyam Trungpa's interpretation on Buddhadhamma are as follows; 1) to interpret for the real Buddha's teaching 2) to interpret for reaching compromised views 3) to interpret for universal religious 4) to interpret for overcome tradition's pattern 5) to interpret for applying to practice and 6) to interpret the language for applying usages.


A method to reduce common-mode current flowing on a wire harness attached to a printed circuit board is proposed in this paper. In this method, SMD inductors are placed on a power supply line and/or a ground line on a LSI package with floating conductor to control balance of impedance of the power distribution network, and the common-mode current can be reduced. The common-mode voltage is reduced about 20 dB with the package proposed in this paper.


Aim To investigate the clinicopathological feature,diagnosis and prognosis of epithelioid hemangioma.Methods Seven cases of epithelioid hemangioma were collected.The pathological morphous,peak age of morbidity,common place of the body and the difference of the disease incidence in gender were studied.Review the pertinent literature.Results 4 cases of epithelioid hemagioma are females,5 cases at head,1 case has date of follow-up,recurring 5 months later.Conclusion The epithelioid hemangioma is lible to develop in women.The common place is head.The major treatment is operation.If exairesis is not thorough,it is likely to relapse.


The text aims to think the (mental) public health policies and its institutional mandate of social inclusion as part of a wider picture of the (neo) liberal biopolitics face, where life and human behavior are directed towards the market. In this context, those that have failed or have not engaged in making their bodies listed companies, appear as new patients, abnormal or infamous. The scope of care practices offered by health policies tends, in this way, to inscribe such infamous lives in pedagogies, particularly of gender and sexuality, including them in the social market economy. Looking for extensions of the body and life, this work developed a look (of gender) on modes of production of health care, particularly in alcohol and other drugs


Expressions are obtained for the derivatives of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors which are expressions of only one left-hand and one right-hand eigenvector. The approach described makes use of a Choleski decomposition or some other decomposition method. The method may be extended to find any order of derivative of the eigenvalue and eigenvector. The expressions obtained for finding the derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for nonself-adjoint systems may be applied to self-adjoint systems.


This chapter discusses the emergence of what are now referred to as the classical frequency response design techniques for automatic control systems which came from the work done during the war on three problems: high power servomechanisms for remote control of heavy guns, automatic-tracking radar systems, and power operated gun turrets for aircraft.


BACKGROUND We previously reported that resting human peripheral blood NK cells can be primed to kill NK-resistant tumor cells by co-incubation with a lysate of the leukemia cell line CTV-1. CNDO-109 is a clinical-grade CTV-1 lysate that primes NK cells ex-vivo to kill NK-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. CNDO-109-activated NK cells can be cryopreserved and remain primed when thawed. Incubation or treatment with IL-2 is not required. We report preliminary safety, outcome and NK chimerism data from an ongoing Phase 1/2 transitional clinical trial of CNDO-109-NK cells. METHODS A 3x3 dose escalation phase 1 trial was opened in 2013 for patients with AML in 1st CR with high-risk disease and no conventional treatment options. Patients were given preparative chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine on Study Days -6 to -2, followed on day 0 by a single dose of CNDO-109-activated NK cells at the following doses; cohort 1 = 3×105, cohort 2 = 1×106, cohort 3 = up to 3×106 cells/kg recipient body weight. The MTD will set the dose for the transitional phase 2 trial. CNDO-109-NK cells were generated from a single apheresis collection from HLA-haploidentical related donors. NK cells were isolated with anti-CD56 microbeads (CliniMACS, Miltenyi Biotec) and co-incubated with CNDO-109 lysate (Coronado Biosciences) overnight under cGMP conditions. After lysate removal cells were cryopreserved in dosed aliquots and released for infusion. Exogenous IL-2 was not used. Quality control testing of the final product included NK purity (>50%), viability (> 70%), potency, sterility, mycoplasma and endotoxin. Residual T cell contamination ( RESULTS Seven eligible patients have been enrolled. All products met lot release and contained activated NK cells as determined by killing of NK resistant Raji cells as well as increased expression of CD69 & CD25: No infusional toxicity, adverse events attributed to NK therapy, GvHD nor deaths have been reported. As expected, all patients experienced transient myelosuppression (approx. 2 weeks). 3 patients suffered early relapse post-treatment (2 in cohort 1, 1 in cohort 2; average time to relapse from CR1 for these 3 patients was 104 days). In 5 of 7 evaluable patients, persistence of donor activated NK cells was observed from Day +7 post-infusion (chimerism = 1%-84%) to as late as day +56 in one patient. Flow cytometric comparison of donor NK cells and patient NK cells in the same sample by selective gating on the mismatched HLA allele showed that circulating donor NK cells typically differed from recipient NK cell in higher expression of NKG2A (e.g. 63.5% vs 2.7%), CD57 (e.g. 80.5% vs 13.2%) and CD69 (e.g. 11.6% vs 2.52%) suggesting a more normal, mature and activated phenotype than the endogenous host NK population. Even after loss of circulating donor primed NK cells, 2 of the 3 patients tested showed persistence of low levels of activated autologous NK cells (~10-20% of circulating NK) exceeding the numbers circulating pre-CNDO-109 NK treatment, out to Day +56, suggesting that the therapy may induce endogenous NK activation to enhance the patients' innate immunity to AML. CONCLUSIONS This establishes proof of concept that CNDO-109-NK can persist transiently in patients with lasting microchimerism for > 1 month and can induce activation of endogenous NK cells in patients treated without cytokine administration. To date 4 of the 7 patients enrolled remain relapse free (max. = 410 days post CR1 date). These results highlight the potential of CNDO-109-NK cells in the treatment of AML and other malignancies. Disclosures Miller:Coronado Biosciences: Consultancy. Hillman:Coronado Biosciences: Employment. Silver:Coronado Biosciences: Employment. Szarek:Coronado Biosciences: Consultancy. Lowdell:Coronado Biosciences: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties. Gorelik:Coronado Biosciences: Employment. Rowinsky:Coronado Biosciences: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.


SUMMARY The animals and plants of eastern and southern Africa exhibit patterns of distribution that are disjunct, continuous or restricted to just one of these two regions. Striking similarities between the distribution of animals and plants seem to have been strongly influenced by both the prevailing and historic climatic conditions. Over the last 1 500 years, however, the migration of pastoralists southwards with their domestic stock seems to have had a profound effect on the distribution of the major vegetation types, which may well have strongly influenced the ranges of both animal and plant species. 42% of the southern African sub-region mammal species are restricted to the region, 48% exhibit a continuous distribution, while 10% have disjunct distributions, being absent from the extensive Brachystegia-Mopane woodlands of central Africa. The arid regions of the south are marked by a radiation of the remarkable golden moles. The more primitive mammalian groups, such as the shrews and microchiropterans...


We read with great interest Pang et al.'s article "Effect of reduction in brain amyloid levels on change in cognitive and functional decline in randomized clinical trials: An updated instrumental variable (IV) meta-analysis." Meta-analyses of trials of amyloid-targeting drugs are valuable because they can quantify the effect of drug-induced changes in amyloidoncognitionandmeta-analytic results should shape interpretations of future trials of medications with similar biological mechanisms. As authors of the original Ackley et al. instrumental variable meta-analysis that publicized this method,1 we are pleased that researchers at Biogen have updated and extended our original work. When considering only the same trials we used, but with updated and corrected values, Pang et al. replicated our finding: amyloid reduction was non-significantly associated with a small slowing of MMSE decline. Pang et al.'s analyses also incorporated data from new trials and internal Biogen reports, and considered additional cognitive outcomes. Their final results indicated small, statistically significant benefits of amyloid reduction on cognitive change. The confidence intervals in the Pang et al analysis included our estimated effects and precluded large benefits of amyloid reductionwithin the trial follow-up period. Repeated failures of anti-amyloidmedications are often cited as evidence against the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (e.g., Ref. 2). As discussed in our original manuscript, many trials of earlier drugs removed very little amyloid and, thus, are not particularly influential in the meta-analyzed IV estimate. Therefore, with ongoing large trials of drugs that effectively and rapidly remove amyloid, incorporating new and updated data into pooled estimates is an important endeavor. Pang et al.'s article makes a substantive contribution to our understanding by updating results including new and additional trials of anti-amyloid antibody drugs.We note that their updated estimate is contained within our confidence interval. However, Pang et al.'s analysis faced many of the limitations of our own paper arising from incomplete data availability for the underlying trials. Fewer than half of prior trials of amyloid-targeting therapies everpublicly reported results onboth change inamyloid-PETstandardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) and change in a cognitive measure. It is almost certain that these trials did not achieve cognitive benefit,3 but their impact on amyloid reduction is unclear. If the unreported trials did not change amyloid, they are largely irrelevant for the meta-analyzed effect estimate; if the unreported trials reduced amyloid but did not affect cognition, including them in the meta-analysis would reduce the estimated benefit of amyloid reduction. Any pooled estimates hinge on quality and reliability of the underlying data. Neither Ackley et al. nor Pang et al. were able to use centiloid-based measures of amyloid change and neither adopted a random-effects meta-analysis, which would mitigate concerns that trials used different radiotracers to estimate change in amyloid. The current meta-analyzed estimates are substantially influenced by data from Biogen on lecanamab (BAN2401) and aducanumab. The termination of aducanumab trials and subsequent post-hoc analyses that diverge from the pre-specified analyses,4 as well as important protocol changes in the trial of lecanemab,5 suggest these aggregated data may not be perfectly reliable. Furthermore, the aggregated data are often reported inconsistently across data sources. In some cases, results were reported not as the raw, group-specific means, but as adjusted estimates from imprecisely described regression models. Regressionbased adjustments were sometimes necessary to address protocol changes in the trials, but unreported decisions about the regression model specification may have important consequences for the change estimates in themeta-analysis. Ackley et al. developed an ad-hoc IV method to estimate the IV using only aggregated data – a method also implemented in Pang et al. A similar meta-analysis with individual-level data would have major advantages. Using individual-level data would permit assessment of heterogeneity in response to amyloid reduction, so we could determine whether some patients respond to amyloid reduction while others do not. Individual-level data would also permit evaluation of a non-linear dose-response relationship between amyloid reduction and cognition, in case a minimum threshold of amyloid reduction is necessary to achieve any cognitive benefit. Individual-level data could be used to evaluate differential loss to follow-up due to side effects such as ARIA,6 a selection process that could bias results. IV analyses with individual-level data require fewer assumptions. Privacy concernswith sharing individual level data for these analyses are minimal, because only information on randomization group, amyloid change, cognition, and hypothesizedmodifiers such as APOE-ε4 status would be needed. In light of the limitations of the data underlying Ackely et al. and Pang et al., we urge caution in interpreting p-values. The estimates in Panget al. are calculatedassumingnopublicationbias, non-informative loss to follow-up, consistency across radiotracers, and homogeneity in


Aimed at some questions of the rotated gear in the conventional steam turbine center, such as the uneven force and local stress concentration along the radial direction of the gear, based on governing equations and Stodola's mathematical model, this study made use of the idea of partial differential equations to make axisymmetric and uniform thickness gear modeling under constraint conditions of specified gear mass and moment of inertia and optimization algorithm is used to obtain the thickness profile that results in a radial stress distribution that is as even as possible. The maximum radial stress via the optimization design of the gear decreases by about 25% in contrast with the maximum radial stress of the gear with the even thickness profile.


It is widely assumed today that the USSR and the United States are destined to experience a rather prolonged relationship of what has come to be called &dquo;peaceful coexistence&dquo; but which might better be characterized as &dquo;cornpetitive coexistence.&dquo; This assumption carries with it an image of intensive competition in the diplomatic, economic, and propaganda fields, combined with a rather different sort of competition in the military field. Whereas the nonmilitary competition is likely to be perceived on both sides as essentially a series of zerosum games in which the win-or-lose payoffs


An introduction situates the dialect geographically and dialectologically, and summarises the essential features of berber : phonetics, and phonemics, morphosyntax, basic structure of the sentence. Then noun determination is studied in four chapters from two combined points of view : morphology (use of the bare noun, and of determinative markers), and mental operations performed by the speaker. There is no definite article in berber, and nouns frequently occur in their base form (zero article). A first chapter is dedicated to the zero article and its contextual interpretations. This chapter examines the discourse conditions wich constrain the interpretation of the zeo article: pure notional value, implicite indefinite, implicit definite. The position of the noun in the sentence, and its syntactic function are crucial in the interpretation : topicalezed nouns and verbpostposed subjects are interpreted as definite, while the object may be interpreted as definite or indefinite according to context. The situational auxiliary illa has an existential-indefinite, and a locative-definite interpretation. Two following chapters are dedicated to the explicite markers of definiteness and indefiniteness the studies the "secondary" operations superimposed on definiteness and indefinitenes : numeration, quantitative-qualitative modulations, indifference to identification and the generic. Here too, uses are classified, and the crucial role of the position


Computer has been involved in many fields in the present informatized society. HIS is very important for hospital administration and medical service. This paper introduces the status and trend of HIS as well as its construction measures.


Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is widely used to assess cardiac function and anatomical relationships. Although monitoring of the heart by the use of TEE is perceived to be safe and noninvasive, there are significant complications associated with the use of a probe in the esophagus. Oropharyngeal trauma, esophageal perforation, difficulty or pain with swallowing, and gastric mucosal injury are adverse events that can occur from TEE probe insertion. However, no reports have shown that placement of a TEE probe in the esophagus can be a cause of an esophageal stricture. We report a case of a 74-year-old woman with an esophageal stricture after intraoperative TEE. Bougie dilatation is generally considered as an effective treatment for a benign esophageal stricture. The benign stricture in the esophagus was treated safely using Savary-Gilliard bougie dilatation.