The function of complex neural circuits in the brain is an emergent property based on the coordinated activity of immense numbers of neurons. We propose launching a large-scale, international public effort, that we are calling the Brain Activity Map Project, to reconstruct the full record of neural activity across complete neural circuits. We are convinced this will prove to be an invaluable step toward understanding both fundamental and pathological brain processes. Alivisatos et al. – p. 3 Emergent Properties of Brain Function Understanding the brain is arguably one of the greatest scientific challenges of our time. Although there have been many piecemeal efforts to explain how different brain regions operate, no general theory of brain function is universally accepted. A fundamental underlying limitation is our persistent ignorance of the topology of the brain's micro-circuitry – the minute and multitudinous connections contained within. This heavily interconnected, intermixed, and dynamical network of different cell types results in a daunting complexity of "impenetrable jungles where many investigators have lost themselves" (Ramón y Cajal, 1923). Moreover, another equally fundamental shortcoming is our inability to monitor network interactions and coordinated brain activities densely, and to do so simultaneously across extended regions of the brain, and with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution. To navigate these jungles, neuroscientists have traditionally relied on electrodes that sample brain activity only very sparsely – from just a few neurons of the whole or, at best, from groups of cells within a few regions. However, since neural circuits can comprise up to billions of neurons, it is probable that functional circuits are to be found at hierarchical levels involving very large, coherently-operating, neuronal ensembles. This level of organization will certainly be invisible from single neuron recordings – just as it would be pointless to understand the architecture of a building by studying the atomic structure of its bricks, or to view an HDTV program by looking at a just a few pixels on a screen. Coherent multi-neuronal activity, spanning extended hierarchical regions of brain tissue is an emergent property. In this context, by emergent we allude to computational or cognitive functions that arise from complex interactions among the constituents; one Alivisatos et al. – p. 4 that is, by definition, irreducible and not explainable from the individual elements in isolation. The expression "more is different" coined by physics Nobel Laureate P.W. Anderson succinctly expresses this basic notion (Anderson, 1972) The hypothesis that most brain regions operate at emergent functional levels is supported by the well-known recurrent and widespread architecture of their connections (Lorente de No, 1938). Indeed, most neural circuits are distributed, with individual neurons making and receiving synaptic contacts from hundreds or thousands of other neurons. In such distributed circuits, the role of any specific neuron is deemphasized: the larger the connectivity matrix, the greater redundancy within the network and the less important is each neuron. Moreover, given their distributed connections, neurons are likely to be subject to continuous, dynamical rearrangement, participating at different times in different ensembles. Nonetheless, neuroscience has gravitated toward detailed descriptions of the feature selectivity of individual neurons. This is, of course, the natural consequence of neuroscience having long being armed with methods to record from individual cells, a toolset that is limited to a very restricted domain. On the other hand, concepts such as emergent codes, functional states, and dynamical attractors (Hopfield, 1982; Rabinovich, 2001), are major departures from the neuroscience tradition of using receptive field responses from individual cells to characterize the functional properties of a circuit (Hartline, 1938). Indeed, in the few instances where more comprehensive population monitoring of neuronal ensembles has been possible, results confirm the premise that emergent properties are not predictable from individual cell phenotypes or local response (Briggman et al., 2005; Lubenov et al, 2009). Alivisatos et al. – p. 5 This emergent-level problem is not unique to neuroscience. There are many historical precedents in science where understanding complex systems has been stymied by insular and persistent adherence to single-element measurements and analyses, and where breakthroughs have come only from shifting the focus to the emergent level. Examples include complex systems, and their emergent properties involving statistical mechanics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, many-body and quantum physics (Feynman, 1965; Anderson, 1972). The outcome from taking this path has led to a very rich new science describing novel states of matter involving correlated particles – magnetism, superconductivity, superfluidity, the quantum Hall effects, and macroscopic quantum coherence. In the biological sciences, the sequencing of entire genomes and the ability to simultaneously measure the expression level of many genes have enabled the generation and testing of novel emergent models of gene regulation, developmental control, and disease states. These advances have fostered explanations of these processes with an increasing degree of prediction accuracy (Pe'er and Hacohen, 2011). We believe similar richness is in store with the neuroscience of emergent systems. An emergent level of analysis appears to be crucial for understanding the most compelling questions of how brain functions create sentience. Likewise, the pathophysiology of illnesses like schizophrenia and autism, which have been resistant to traditional, single-cell level analyses, could potentially be transformed by an infusion of work from emergent levels. The Functional Connectome: Measuring Every Spike from Every Neuron Alivisatos et al. – p. 6 We propose that elucidating emergent levels of neural circuit function requires, ultimately and unequivocally, recording every action potential from every neuron in a circuit. This must be carried out over a time scale on which the coherent behavior emerges. Similarly for the spatial scale, observation must subtend the spatial extent of a circuit – which can range from the smallest to the largest assemblage of neurons exhibiting coherent behavior. Using such measurements will enable a complete functional description of the system: a Brain Activity Map (BAM). This activity will transcend mapping the "structural connectome", which aims at a detailed but static anatomical map of a circuit by reconstructing its synaptic "highways", that is, its junction and connection matrix. Instead, what we propose is mapping the "functional connectome", which will complement and augment maps of the structural connectome, by revealing the dynamical traffic on its synaptic highways. In other words, the functional connectome will map the patterns and sequences of nerve cell firing activity. If it proves possible to correlate this firing activity with the connectivity of the circuit and with the functional or behavioral output of this activity, it will be possible to formulate cogent hypotheses, decipher the neuronal code, and understand how that code regulates behavior. We believe this is feasible. Together with the new technologies needed to achieve this vision, this new level of understanding will enable the accurate diagnosis and restoration of normal patterns of activity to injured or diseased brains, will foster the development of broader biomedical and environmental applications, and will produce a host of associated economic benefits. Imaging Every Spike From Every Neuron Alivisatos et al. – p. 7 To date, it has not been possible to reconstruct the circuit activity patterns of even a single complex region of the brain. While conventional technologies like fMRI or MEG can be used to partially capture activity patterns, these whole brain imaging techniques lack both single-cell acuity and sufficient temporal resolution; moreover, they cannot detect the detailed firing patterns of a multiplicity of neurons. To preserve single-cell information while recording the activity of complete circuits, we propose that vigorous efforts be launched to massively upscale the capabilities of both imaging and nanoprobe sensing. We shall elaborate upon these below. First we must point out that very significant investment must be made today – as was the case at the start of the Human Genome Project – to insure these next-generation technologies are in place for the BAM Project. We are convinced the efforts we propose will not evolve sufficiently quickly without this concerted financial impetus. Strategically placed funding will insure the requisite acceleration of technology development. Over the last two decades, neuroscientists have made transformational advances in optical techniques both to monitor and manipulate the activity of neuronal ensembles, in vitro and in vivo. Optical techniques now nicely complements electrical measurements, since light is essentially non-invasive and can provide great spatial and temporal flexibility (Helmchen et al., 2011). Optical techniques have single-cell resolution, which is an essential feature for the BAM Project because neural circuits are built with many different cell types that are spatially intermixed. Particularly with two-photon excitation (Denk et al., 1990), optical methods can enable imaging and manipulation of neurons in the middle of living brains (Denk et al., 1994). Alivisatos et al. – p. 8 Measuring the multi-neuronal activity of a circuit can be carried out with calcium imaging (Yuste and Katz, 1991), something made possible by the design of fluorescent calcium indicators with high-affinities (Tsien, 1980). Measuring the associated calcium influxes in the soma of a neuron can be used


Guangzhou power plant adopts AG-2 catalyst desulfurization technology to remove sulfur from boiler flue gas.This technique occupies small area,saves investment and has no secondary pollution.Its desulfurization efficiency is better than the traditional process with spraying calcium inside the boiler,and its maintenance is convenient.


The history of the formation and development of goodwill is considered in the research of V.L. Makarov and etc. The variety of interpretations of the goodwill concept (or business reputation) reflects the diversity of approaches in evaluation. Having studied existing scientific methods of the research and practice of accounting, the author carried out the analysis of indicators classification of goodwill estimation.

The need for goodwill assessment arose due to the fact that the value of enterprises in mergers and acquisitions significantly changed. The value of goodwill would remain uncertain, if the value of intangible assets did not increase several times. The buyer of the business had to take into account the profits from the sale. At the same time, before selling the enterprise, the cost of the goodwill is not known, because it is not reflected in the balance sheet of the enterprise. This narrow ways of the categories of goodwill found a certain fixation in economic science and have a special concept: business reputation.


The research focuses on the barriers of pro-environmental behaviour in a circular economy. More specifically, the aim is to study how an entrepreneur makes sense of existing barriers when reflecting on the business. Previous studies on environmental awareness and behaviour have focused extensively on the individual and business level, yet barriers resulting from a circular economy have not been studied in small- and medium-sized businesses. In this single case study, the gap is explored by innovating a reflective circular economy diagnostics tool and interviewing one entrepreneur in an energy and resource-intensive industry, which has many established and deep-rooted historical industrial practices. Content analysis and sensemaking practices have been used to analyse the data. The findings show that the barriers are mostly related to economics, and they can be structural, cultural, and contextual. The analysis also shows that pro-environmental concerns do not always lead to pro-environmental behaviour.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Stroke is a rare complication of snakebites, but may lead to serious sequelae. We aimed to explore the relationship between venomous snakebite and the risk for acute stroke, in a nationwide population-based cohort study.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study used claims data between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2012, from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study included data of patients aged 18 years or older with venomous snakebite (N = 535), matched for propensity score with controls without venomous snakebite (N = 2140). The follow-up period was the duration from the initial diagnosis of venomous snakebite and administration of antivenom to the date of an acute stroke, or until December 31, 2013. The competing risk model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, after adjusting for demographic and other possible stroke risk factors.

RESULT
The adjusted HR for the venomous snakebite group compared with the control group was 2.72 for hemorrhagic stroke (95% CI: 1.41, 5.26). Stratified analysis showed that the older age group (>65 years old) had a higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke. A 2.68-fold significant increase in the risk for hemorrhagic stroke was observed following venomous snakebite with antivenom usage (95% CI = 1.46, 26.63).

CONCLUSION
Venomous snakebite is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke after the use of an antivenom. Further study of the underlying mechanism is warranted.


In this paper, a stochastic model based on a set of sufficient and complete statistics is developed with the intention of facilitating the prediction of oil slick movements, and hence assisting the reduction of oil slick damage.


KUHLMAN, NICHOLAS GRANT. Sensory and Instrumental Analysis of Pasteurized Dill Pickles Made from Acidified, Bulk Stored Cucumbers. (Under the direction of Dr. Roger McFeeters). Storing fresh cucumbers for an 8 to 12 week period in an acidified, non-fermented environment prior to processing would extend the time for processing locally grown cucumbers into pasteurized pickle products. The effect of acidified storage of fresh cucumbers for up to 120 days prior to their conversion to pasteurized dill pickles was evaluated. Cucumbers stored at 18oC prior to pasteurization maintained a fresh, non-cured appearance as well as a firm texture. Equilibrated acid concentrations of 3.5% acetic acid also helped to reduce the amount of curing and maintained firmness in cucumber tissue. Dill pickles made from acidified, bulk stored cucumbers maintained a firm texture after pasteurization. However, the cured appearance of bulk stored cucumbers increased by 40% within 30 days of pasteurization so that it was much higher than the cured appearance of dill pickles made directly from the same lot of fresh cucumbers and stored for an equivalent period of time after pasteurization. Sour, sweet, bitter and vinegar intensities were similar for dill pickles prepared from either bulk stored or fresh cucumbers. Firmness, saltiness, and dill flavor while significantly different, differed by less than 1 point on a 15-point scale. The major flavor difference between pasteurized dill pickles made from stored acidified cucumbers and pickles made directly from fresh cucumbers is that pickles made from stored cucumbers had an "other" flavor. The intensity of this flavor was perceived at a similar level regardless of the brine composition or storage time of the cucumbers prior to pasteurization. Descriptors for this "other" flavor were chlorine, pool, barny and metallic. GCxGC-TOFMS analysis of volatile components in dill pickles prepared from bulk stored cucumbers and dill pickles prepared from fresh cucumbers resulted in detection of 24 components that were significantly different (p<0.05) between at least one treatment pair. Individual volatile components did not provide a clear basis for differentiation among different storage brine treatments. However, PCA analysis using the 24 components was able to differentiate most treatments. Sensory and Instrumental Analysis of Pasteurized Dill Pickles Made from Acidified, Bulk Stored Cucumbers by Nicholas Grant Kuhlman A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science


The study of History in South Africa demands high standards in the rapidlychanging late twentieth century. Standards require reform and change in research themes, in methodology and in the instruction of the discipline. During the seventies and eighties the practice of History has already been characterized by much reform. For example, some aspects of curricula on tertiary level changed from a purely chronological approach and began to lean towards the inclusion of innovative and contemporary relevant themes of periods perceived as significant. Presently, however, commentators from other disciplines still think of History as a subject dealing only with endless facts embedded in past politics. The mam reason for this distorted image is probably that the trend of reconstructing History curricula is not being sufficiently explored or marketed at the tertiary level. This emphasises the task of the historian to adapt curricula dynamically in order to enhance other disciplines to their benefit. Adaptation will have the added advantage of improving employment for graduates with a training in History. In this article the dynamic change which tertiary History curricula should adopt in order to improve disciplinary curricular interaction and favourable employment opportunities is discussed.


Charting the scope and trajectory of leftist politics in the US Midwest is a current feature of historical studies. In particular, scholars of the Black Midwest are challenging the conflation of the American heartland with social and economic conservatism, "American values," the white, nuclear family, and nostalgia for an imagined, "simpler" past by highlighting the multiple ways that Black people organized and built communities around a shared pursuit of social change. The recent explosion of organizing in Midwestern cities and suburbs to protect Black people from police violence and murder has spurred even greater interest in the history of the region. A Brick and a Bible makes an important contribution to the study of the Midwest as an epicenter of Black radicalism. Presenting a multicity analysis of Black women's organizing in Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, and Cleveland during the 1930s, A Brick and a Bible indexes "Midwestern Black radicalism"—an eclectic, multidimensional project rooted in a commitment to racial justice, anti-capitalism, class struggle, and revolution. Midwestern Black radicalism, author Melissa Ford argues, defines "a distinct expression of praxis-based Black radical ideology informed by American Communism, African American community-building, Black women's history of resistance, and the lived experiences of Black women in the Midwest." Using primary sources such as government records, newspapers, organizational records, and oral histories, Ford outlines how the gender politics of Black radicalism and Black women's singular contributions to its shaping highlighted the "unique racial, political, geographic, economic, gendered, and spatial characteristics that make up the American heartland." (3) A Brick and A Bible insightfully notes that what makes the region distinct is less its "climate, environment, geography, and location" and much more its "social and cultural" dimensions, which include racism, neighborhood and housing segregation, migration, the dominance of Black labor, and radical interracial politics.


This paper assesses the political process of agenda-setting of United States space policy in regard to the various "Visions of Space Exploration" (VSEs) that have been proposed. Central to the dynamic of this political process are the various advocacy coalitions in the space community. These coalitions are identified and discussed herein as to how they enable and constrain the various VSEs that have been put forward over time. The implications of this analysis for the political feasibility of the current VSE directed at human exploration the Moon and Mars is considered as well. The main finding of this study is that only when all the relevant advocacy coalitions are brought together into the political process of agenda -setting, a successful formulation and implementation of the proposed VSE can be attained.


Abstract Blood pressure and perfusion of the brain are central components of neurological health that are often influenced by heart failure. This retrospective case-control study analyzed blood pressure changes preceding the diagnosis of dementia in patients over the age of 60. Blood pressures were obtained from the date of dementia diagnosis, and then one year and five years before diagnosis. Study "controls" were age-matched patients without dementia, using the mean age of dementia diagnosis as the first data point. Over the five-year period preceding diagnosis, 67.2% with dementia showed decreasing systolic pressure compared to 46.6% of patients without dementia. Similarly, 62.7% with dementia showed a decreasing systolic pressure over the one-year period, compared to 50.0% of those without dementia. Additionally, there was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the dementia rates between African American and Caucasian subgroups (55.0% African Americans vs. 31.0% Caucasians). Patients with dementia were more likely to have decreasing blood pressure trends than age-matched patients without dementia and appeared to have significantly lower blood pressures one year before the diagnosis. It is crucial that providers are cognizant of these trends and risk factors for dementia as they manage blood pressures in geriatric patients.


Abstract Introduction. It seems that the society should accept the legal and moral responsibility and the care over the injured individuals due to their health problems. Medical staff, doctors and nurses play a major role in the care of children, it is them who are in a direct contact with them in the course of the stay in hospital. The reaction of a child, as an exceptional patient, is quite varied as for the stay in different institutions. Patience, warmth and understanding are features which are necessary in the adaptation to conditions of the treatment. The medical professionals somehow replace parents and care providers, and create home-like environment for these children which means they can always count on help and understanding. Aim. The purpose of this research was to portray children in hospital as well as their stance toward the current situation, expectations, pleasures and aversions. Material and methods. The authors of the study examined 20 patients of a surgical clinic, both girls and boys. They applied the method of the diagnostic survey. The research was done using theinterview technique based on contents of unfinished sentences. 12 girls and 8 boys took part in the examination. Results and conclusion. The examinations reveal that in order to combat negative feelings and overcome loneliness amongill children, hospitals should prolong the visiting time for family and friends and locate patients in rooms according to age, sex or disease. Delivering the greater scope of information provides a sense of security to children and hence has a positive effect to the adaptation to hospital settings.


With computer technology,image processing technology,communication technology,control technology,breakthroughs in the development of the coal industry controls the bottleneck has been extensive development.Mine monitoring and control security systems have become an essential part of modern intelligence coal enterprises,which the intelligent monitoring system is one of the important part of.The first course of development of intelligent monitoring system,video surveillance,and discusses the status of the concept and development of automated artificial intelligence monitoring,and then the automated artificial intelligence to monitor the application of measures in the coal industry.


We have seprarated the free amino acids and the sugars at various stages of growing tobacco plant by means of one dimensional paper chromatography. At the seedling stage (11-12 leaves), a large amount of them were obtained, and immediately after the flower bud formation their increase was especially recognized at the tip of stem.


We may get different problems and conclusions when we examine Chinese films from different viewpoints.If we get the perspective drawing of the film creation referring to the orientation of the TV program at present,we may find that it is one unneglected factor influencing the Chinese film that people misunderstand and aviod the traditional narration.It is one realistic problem that we should think about the significant role of the traditional narration in the public dissemination shown by the Pan-Story tendency in the TV program at present.Therefore,it has acadecmic value and realistic meaning for us to be based on the reality of the development and creation of Chinese film,to discuss the unbroked relationship between the public effect of the film and the traditional narration in respect of the contemporary attribute of the traditional narration and the meaning of anthropology,in respect of the special conformity role in people's spiritual life in the modern world.


The decomposition numbers with some unknown parameters of non-principal blocks of the largest Janko group J4 [5] for characteristic 3 are determined. We also concerned with the decomposition numbers of maximal 2-local subgroups [6] of J4 in odd characteristics. We used the character table library in GAP[4]


The objectives of this research was to analyze how much the loss of irrigation water that occured in secondary channel at the irrigation area of Air Nipis Dam, South Bengkulu. Water losses were analyzed by using the method of debit in and out. The primary data were flow velocity, water depth, and cross section. In addition to primary data also used secondary data. They were temperature, wind speed, and humidity obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Departement of Bengkulu. This research analyzed how much effect the percentage of water loss due to seepage and evaporation. From analysis calculations obtained the percentage of water loss value due to seepage and evaporation was not too significant. it can be concluded based on the observation of most water loss occurs due to the other factors, such as leaks in the lines, wild plant vegetation along the channel, etc. The results of this research showed that the percentage of total water loss value occurred on channel BN Kr 4 of 85,40% for the left secondary channel and channel BSB 1 of 74,16% for right secondary channels. While the value of the smallest percentage of total water loss occured in channel BN Kr 7 of 24,14% for the left secondary channel and channel BDA 1 of 22,53% for right secondary channels


A new solution processable zinc phthalocyanine dye (ZnPc), as an interface modifier between poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in bulk heterojunction solar cells, was successively synthesized and linked to the chain-end of P3HT through the formation of a coordination complex. ZnPc dye molecules do not aggregate but preferentially locate at the interface between P3HT and PCBM, and thus contribute to the photocurrent generation by both direct photo-excitation and enhancement of charge transfer between P3HT and PCBM. To localize the zinc phthalocyanine dyes at the donor–acceptor interface more effectively, another new organic dye molecule, fullerene-functionalized zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-C60) was also synthesized and linked to the chain-end of the P3HT, where ZnPc-C60 contributes not only to the photocurrent generation by direct photo-excitation, but also lowers the interfacial tension, resulting in the reduction of the domain size and the suppression of the macrophase separation of the P3HT/PCBM blend for prolonged thermal annealing. This leads to higher device efficiency with 20% enhancement of the short circuit current and to enhancement of long-term thermal stability of device performance as compared to that of the reference P3HT/PCBM device.


An increase in emphasis on research productivity evaluation can be discerned commonly in higher educational institutions world over. As far as the Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna is concerned such an in depth study had not been done. This bibliometric study analyzed the research publications produced by the academics of Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna. The objective of this study is to empirically measure the research output during the time period of 2003 to 2018 to find out the department wise output, year wise publication output, authorship pattern and degree of collaboration, media of research communication, relative growth rate, doubling time and to forecast future publication trend of academics. The year wise publication output shows an increasing pattern. But the output growth is not uniform. Findings revealed that Faculty of Science has produced 1359 publications with an annual average of 85 and with the maximum of 139 during the study period. The highest number of publications is from the Department of Zoology (22%). The Department of Botany shows second highest number with 21% of the publications. The lowest number is from the Department of Fisheries (4%). The research output from departments of Physics, Mathematics and Statistics, and Chemistry are more or less the same. Mean value of the degree of collaboration of authors during the overall sixteen years is found to be 0.84. Single author publications are less (15%) than collaborative effort (85%). Abstract form of publications is more in number 836 (61%). Journal article is 501 (37%) and Book form is 22 (2%). A uniform dropping pattern was observed in the mean relative growth rate (RGR) from 0.439 to 0.122 considering four year blocks from 2003 to 2018. The mean doubling time showed an increasing tendency through each consecutive block of four year period. It ranged from 0.89 in the first block to 5.80 in the last block of a total of sixteen year time span. The forecast for 2025 based on least square estimate the number of publications should be 186 if status remains unchanged. Thus Faculty of Science has to endeavor and orient their research efforts more towards publishing journal articles than short communications and giving priority towards interdisciplinary research to obtain greater impacts with the vision of establishing excellence of the institution.


Roentgen examinations of persons who have worked in compressed air, some with a history of bends, or caisson disease, have revealed either single or multiple infarcts in the shafts of long bones, with and without intra-articular areas of aseptic necrosis. The extra-articular bone changes have been found chiefly in the ends of the shaft, either the cancellous or medullary portion, or both. The middle third of the shaft is less frequently involved. Exactly similar changes have been seen in persons—including several women—who have never worked in tunnels or under compressed air and have never been subjected to violent changes in atmospheric pressure. Textbooks describe caisson disease as an acute condition appearing in workers under increased atmospheric pressure, as a result of too rapid decompression. Synonymous terms are bends, diver's palsy, chokes, and staggers. Armstrong introduced the term aero-embolism to describe the condition. Fulton termed it decompression sickness; Hankwitz, decompressed-air illn...


Abstract : This report discusses the development of tools to visualize arena data from tests that were set up to characterize munitions. The test data were collected in flash panels and bundles that only capture a small amount of data. The visualization tools allowed the analyst to recreate the test from the raw data and display key elements. Wound ballistics data were visualized and displayed in various Three-Dimensional (3-D) environments. Several innovative Python-based environments have been created to display Vulnerability/Lethality (V/L) in innovative ways. The environments utilized Python and open-source scenegraphs to assist in the understanding of the V/L data and analysis.


Thom Gunn's 'The Discovery of the Pacific' (1970) describes a young couple who have driven across America and reached the Californian coast. Their exhilaration as they stare at the ocean recalls another moment of epiphany; when John Keats read George Chapman's translation of Homer, he felt like a conquistador setting eyes on the Pacific for the first time. In this essay, I argue that Gunn's poem engages closely with Keats's 'On First Looking into Chapman's Homer', and that Keats's sonnet in turn draws on ancient ideas of Homer as being like the ocean. These are ideas Keats seems to have drawn from Alexander Pope's translation of (and commentary on) the Homeric poems. Pope, Keats, and Gunn all regard the Homer poems as being in some way oceanic—both because of their vastness and capaciousness, and because they have been previously discovered by so many earlier readers.


Abstract Because neural networks specialize in handling ambiguous data, they are especially suited for such applications as speech recognition and optical character recognition (OCR). OCR applications are usually ambiguous because their data is generated by an inconsistent factor—the individual. This article provides an overview of neural networks and describes how this technology can be integrated with OCR technology to create neural OCR networks that can significantly improve the process of optical character recognition.


Property management enterprise is the supplier of the property management services. In the fierce competition of the property management market, it is of momentous significance how to work out management strategy of the enterprise according to and aiming at creating property owner's value. From defining the Theories of Customer Value, the article puts forward the writer's viewpoints about motivation of the enterprise producing management strategy according to the property owner's value and how to create the property owner's value. It is with an eye to the managing strategy establishment and put it into practice for the enterprise to draw lessons from.


Suppose A is a continuous additive functional of a Brownian motion. A d-dimensional super-Brownian motion with general branching rate functional A and general mechanism ψ is constructed under a condition on A, which is weaker than the conditions imposed by Dynkin (Ann. Prob. 1991, 19, 1157–1194; An Introduction to Branching Measure-Valued Processes; Amer. Math. Soc.: Providence, RI., 1994).


Subject specialty libraries like the Earth Sciences and Map Library at UC Berkeley thrive on active user communities, but promoting awareness of resources and services can be slow and time-consuming. In Fall 2014, two new librarians there introduced a series of monthly pop-up exhibits called "Maps and More" in order to help build that community. Now in their third year, the show-and-tell sessions are designed to lure visitors into the library and spark new connections among students, researchers and librarians, and renewed engagement with library collections. The librarians surveyed participants in spring 2015 and fall 2016 to assess the impact of "Maps and More" in terms of visitors' perception of the events and awareness of library services and materials. One significant finding from the spring 2015 survey is that a quarter of respondents had never been to the Earth Sciences and Map Library before the session. The exhibits draw in participants from a range of departments, including significant numbers from Seismology, Earth and Planetary Science, Geography, as well as members of the public. Sessions held on Cal Day -- the university's annual public open house with 30-40,000 public visitors -- were particularly good outreach experiences. Partnerships with other units have great potential for expanding the reach of these events. The Maps and More exhibits have proven to be a successful outreach tool for raising the profile of the library collections and services and helping users understand maps as research materials.


This chapter examines the UN gender politics and the role of women within the UN institutions ( UN System) from the beginning of the organization until today. The Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) has always been and is still the main inter-governmental policymaking body on womens issues within the UN. On December 18, 1972, the UN General Assembly decided to declare 1975 as the International Year of Women (IWY) and to hold a world conference for women in Mexico City in the same year. The introduction of the term reproductive rights in connection with the right to reproductive health caused a new thinking in population politics at the World Conference on Population in Cairo in 1994. The international campaign Womens Rights are Human Rights raised the issue of war crimes against women. War crimes were traditionally given little attention in international politics. Keywords: International Year of Women (IWY); Status of Women; UN gender politics; UN General Assembly; Womens Rights; World Conference on Population


In this report, we present LSQ – a Linked Dataset describing SPARQL queries extracted from the logs of a variety of four prominent public SPARQL endpoints. We argue that this dataset has a variety of uses for the SPARQL research community. For example, it can be used generate benchmarks on the fly by selecting real-world queries with specific characteristics that we describe. LSQ can also be used to conduct analyses of what SPARQL (1.1) query features are most often used to interrogate endpoints. Other use cases include characterising the behaviour of the different types of agents that are using these endpoints or finding out what queries agents are asking about a given resource. In more detail, we first motivate our dataset by reference to a number of concrete use cases, extracting a list of requirements. Next we discuss how we describe SPARQL queries in RDF, using a mix of existing vocabularies (e.g., SPIN) and a custom vocabulary. We present the hosting methods that we provide and remark on issues relating to sustainability. To conclude, we show some high-level examples of the types of conclusions that we can draw from our LSQ about the current state of SPARQL adoption on the Web.


The Public Catalogue Foundation (PCF), a registered charity in the UK, has the objective of opening up that nation's public art collections for enjoyment, learning, and research. Its flagship project over the last ten years involved making a photographic record of the UK's entire collection of oil, acrylic, and tempera paintings that are in public ownership (Figure 1). The project reached completion at the end of last year and all the paintings can now be seen on the Your Paintings website (http://www. bbc.co.uk/yourpaintings), which was built in partnership with the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). More than 210,000 paintings—the works of 37,000 artists—can be


Highlights

 While fluorescing gel may evaporate from a surface, luminance of the surface does not change.

 Fluorescing gel exhibits thresholds beyond which additional gel density does not increase luminance.

 Fluorescing gel only transfers between surfaces when it is wet.

 There are limits to relating luminance and mass transfer.

 Fluorescent material is a useful proxy for contamination transfer demonstration and research.

 Abstract. Glo Germ fluorescing material is a popular tool for teaching and researching contaminant transfer in and out of agriculture. The objectives of this paper were to: (1) quantify relationships between gel area density (mass per unit area) on a surface and its luminance, and (2) identify factors important in measuring Glo Germ gel transfer from one surface to another. Varying densities of Glo Germ gel were applied to paper, plastic, and rubber surfaces; each combination was replicated three times. Digital images collected over one hour were analyzed for luminance (the average gray value per unit area) under ultraviolet light. Changes in mass were also measured. For the gel transfer objective, a fixed weight was placed over varying wet and dried fluorescent material densities on paper and plastic surfaces. Gel masses were weighed, and images of the surface and receptor were taken before and after transfer. Evaporation was significantly faster (p =  0.0019) on the paper surface compared to the plastic surface. The luminance did not change as the gel evaporated from either surface. For each material, luminance initially increased with increasing density until a threshold, after which additional fluorescing gel density did not change luminance. The thresholds for paper, plastic, and rubber surfaces were 0.018, 0.014, and 0.041 g cm-2, respectively. Wet gel transfer test results suggest that transfer is easier to quantify on the receptor than the source. The dried gel did not exhibit measurable transfer. This research found limitations in equating mass transfer and luminance, but luminance threshold values can inform maximum Glo Germ application for imaging purposes. These research results support continued research and outreach with fluorescent material to reduce and prevent the spread of disease or other harmful contaminants in food and animal production. Keywords: Biosecurity, Fluorescence, Luminance, Mass transfer.


In this study, three computational methods (log-probit, one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analysis) were applied to statistically determine and compare a minimal dose of the antiepileptic drug--levetiracetam (LEV), which significantly increased the threshold for maximal electroconvulsions in mice. Results analyzed with log-probit method revealed that such a dose for LEV was 50 mg/kg. In contrast, one-way ANOVA indicated that the minimal dose of LEV, fulfilling the criterion of the significant increment in the threshold for electroconvulsions, was 100 mg/kg. Moreover, linear regression analysis allowed for the determination of threshold increasing doses by 20% (TID20) and 50% (TID50) for LEV, which amounted to 44 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. This comparative study demonstrated distinct differences between the electroconvulsive threshold-influencing doses of LEV calculated with these three methods, and only statistical evaluation of data using one-way ANOVA provided the most adequate determination of statistical significance. The application of log-probit method and linear regression analysis in the search for significant drug-dose effects should be substantially restricted to specific experimental conditions.


SummaryFor over 15 years a consultant with interest in tubal surgery carried out tubal microsurgery in a district general hospital in addition to routine gynaecology work. The majority of the cases were referred. Women were counselled before surgery regarding the success and failure rates and risks of ectopic pregnancy. Microsurgery was performed on an average of two patients a week. Follow up was continued until 36 months after surgery. From the first 203 cases, 61 (30 per cent) pregnancies resulted. There were 41 live births including one set of twins. Analysis based on one successful pregnancy outcome per patient showed that there were 39 live births, a 'take home baby rate' of 19 per cent.


A 3D location determination method using only four elements antenna is proposed depending on a Time Delay Matrix Pencil (TDMP) method. A group of signal symbols in time variant domain is received from the transmitter (on mobile phone 2G/3G/4G) or returned signals (Radar), then transferred to the frequency domain using FFT. The Matrix Pencil method is applied to identify the length of each path. Depending on the geometrical distribution of the four elements, the phase shifts are determined for each path. Knowing the phase shift between the elements helps to flnd the Direction of Arrival (DOA) for each path. Small dipole or small circular loop antennas are used in the numerical examples to clarify this location determination method in the presence of complex noise for GSM, WCDMA and OFDM systems. 1. INTRODUCTION Position location is a technique that determines the position of a mobile device, often in conjunc- tion with some additional mapping or direction information, in a wireless communication system. Detecting the time and angle of the signal arrival via the direct path between a mobile transmitter and base station receiver is the most important basis for the majority of technologies developed for location-based services. A precise time and DOA measurement results in more accurate location estimation. Regardless of the wireless system deployed, the performance of a location technology depends on accuracy, consistency, reliability and the speed of the measurements of time and angle of signal arrival. In this paper, the location determination using only four elements are achieved with FFT/MP method. The procedure depends on receiving a group of signal symbols from the mobile set to the base station then using the FFT to be applied on MP method (1{4) for distance determination. This procedure is applied to four small loop antennas or small dipole antennas to get the location determination for the difierent generations of mobile systems in the presence of complex noise. The MP is a super-resolution parameter estimation technique for position location estimation. It has some advantages over the other super-resolution methods for parameter esti- mation such as MUSIC (5,6). The superior performance of MP has been documented in previous works. The performance of MP DOA estimation in CDMA cellular networks is compared to the MUSIC algorithm in (5). In (6), Dharamdial compared MP to the MUSIC method in recovering the paths delays of a wireless multipath channel. Nowadays, there are two generation of mobile communication 2G like GSM and 3G like WCDMA in the markets and it is expected to flnd the 4G in 2010 which will depend on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This paper shows the adaptation of this new proposal for the three generations.


According to the tuna catch database established by Indian Ocean Tuna Commission(IOTC),which covers the time from 1967 to 2004,the annual and the total catch in each spatial grid of 5°×5° were summarized.In addition,the maps of total catch distribution of the Indian Ocean tuna long-line fishing were plotted using GIS software,and the spatial distribution of tuna were analyzed.The analysis showed that big-eye tuna Thunnus obesus,yellow-fin tuna T.albacares,albacore T.alalunga and swordfish Xiphias gladius were the main species caught by tuna longline fisheries in the Indian Ocean,which comprised 90% of the total catch weight.Although the catch weight of the four main species in the Indian Ocean showed a trend of increase from 1967 to 2004,the maximum and minimum productions were different.Though the four species distributed widely in the Indian Ocean,their top catch areas were widely different.


In this paper, by employing the Guo-Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem in a cone, we study the existence of positive solutions to the following nonlocal fractional boundary value problems { c D0+ α u(t) = f(t, u(t)), t ∈ (0,1), u(t) + u′(0) = 1 2 [H1(φ(u)) + ∫ H2 E (s, u(s))ds] , u(1) + u′(1) = 0, where cD0+ α is the standard Caputo derivative of order α, 1 < α < 2,E ⊆ (0,1) is some measurable set. We provide conditions on f, H1, H2 and φ such that the problem exhibits at least one positive solution.


In order to provide an open and uniform interface, current SNMP does not restrict the combination and sequence of variables. Many stacks resort to repeated calling interface functions according to variables' sequence in PDU, which is obviously inefficient. Under the condition of not breaching protocol itself, a novel design of efficient SNMP agent based on MIB-interface healthy mapping is given. It makes the interfaces between agent and other modules transparent with equipment annotation, and employs the interface list as the main process, which can avoid unnecessary iteration of interface functions.


As real-time media applications based on IP multicast networks spread widely, the end-to-end QoS (quality of service) provisioning for these applications have become very important. To guarantee the end-to-end QoS of multi-party media applications, it is essential to monitor the time-varying status of both network metrics (i.e., delay, jitter and loss) and system metrics (i.e., CPU and memory utilization). In this paper, targeting the multicast-enabled AG (Access Grid) group collaboration tool based on multi-Party real-time media services, a hybrid monitoring scheme that can monitor the status of both multicast network and node system is investigated. It combines active monitoring and passive monitoring approaches to measure multicast network. The active monitoring measures network-layer metrics (i.e., network condition) with probe packets while the passive monitoring checks application-layer metrics (i.e., user traffic condition by analyzing RTCP packets). In addition, it measures node system metrics from system API. By comparing these hybrid results, we attempt to pinpoint the causes of performance degradation and explore corresponding reactions to improve the end-to-end performance. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid monitoring can provide useful information to coordinate the performance improvement of multi-party real-time media applications.


This paper presents a comparator-analog multiplexer based 6 bit analog to digital converter (ADC) using repetitive block of 2*1 multiplexer. The multiplexer is designed using transmission gates while subtractor is designed from a 2 stage op-amp. Such an approach results in high speed and less chip area. The comparator in the proposed work is latch based one making the overall design speed faster. The 6-bit ADC is designed and simulated using MOSIS (AMIS) C5X design kit with 2.5 V supply. The proposed design achieves a maximum speed of 1.4 GSPS and dissipates 14.1 mW of power with INL of 0.43 LSB, DNL of 0.38 LSB, SNR of 35.47 dB and SNDR of 34.29 dB respectively.


Study is made of a new process for directly extraction of the cobalt oxalate from ammonium oxalate in the acid solution directly dissolved from lithium cobaltate.Aluminum in the acid solution is completely complexed with F salt.Then,cobalt is precipitated with ammonium oxalate at pH=2 and under 60 ℃.Finally,the cobalt is calcined into cobalt oxide in the muffle.To obtain the product,which is up to the requirement of the Co2O3-Y1(Chinese code GB6518-86).The dosage of the F salt is 110% of the theoretic dosage;while the dosage of ammonium oxalate can be reduced by 50%.The rate of cobalt precipitation with ammonium oxalate is 99.37%.


This article examines why Korean academic libraries embarked on restructuring their organization and identifies possible solutions to some problems that these libraries face. The conclusion is drawn from the results of a case study on Sejong University Library that Korean academic librarians should become user‐centered professionals. After restructuring, the user service librarian's job content has changed to concentrate on servicing users on specific subjects. The subject librarian will take care of reference services, SDI, DB instruction and book selection on the same subject.


This article deals with the issue of educators creating their own educational Web sites equipped with original Web-based teaching materials developed by themselves. As an illustrative example, teaching of English as a foreign language in Japan is taken. Several concrete ideas in building up educational Web sites are illustrated, including an example of Web-based rapid reading exercise pages, an example of Web pages implementing instant feedback to students' quiz responses, and semi-automatic creation of students' study history files using standard commercially available software. Introduction of the next-generation Web server, developed at Graz University of Technology, for effective document management and organized access rights control is also discussed.


In order to understand the prevalence of hypodermosis in Dangxiong county,the blood serum samples from the yak were collected in 6 town and 13 villages of Dangxiong county each month between 2010 and 2011,and total 1175 samples,of which the prevalence of hypodermosis was analyzed by using ELISA method.The result showed that the prevalence of hypodermosis was 73.6 %-100 %.The antibody level was higher in November,December and January,the antibody level increased from October,and November was the best season for the local county to give the yak antiscolic.


We survey the known properties of asymptotically stationary processes and discuss their relationship with other processes with finite variances. The appropriate notions of asymptotic stationarity, harmonizability, and other classes of processes are recalled and discussed, first for abelian locally compact groups and then for nonabelian groups, using the notion of a Folner sequence. Issues such as prediction, filtering, and estimation of the associated spectral measure are discussed.


In order to reduce the possibilities of personnel injuries and damages to machines and to obtaim higher efficiency and machining accuracy in the manufacturing system, the chucking technology has recentry become important. The chucking technology of work greatly affects both the grometrical accuracy and fonctional performance of the workpiece. In this study, the dynamic gripping force of a 3-jaw power chuck is investigated on the factors of the shape of jaw and the shape of workpiece. From this investigation, the following observations are obtained. 1) The higher stiffness of workpiece is, the higher decrease of dynamic gripping force is. 2) The nearer to the root of jaw is, the higher decrease of dynamic gripping force is. 3) The centrifugal force of affectting the decrease of dynamic gripping force has to be considered in the centrifugal force of affecting jaw.1


Modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTGR) has distinct advantages in the sense of the inherent safety, economy property, high electricity efficiency, potential usage for hydrogen production, and etc. Chinese design of MHTGR, named as High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor-Pebble bed Module (HTR-PM), based on the technology and experiences of the HTR-10, is under the standard design phase. And the HTR-PM demonstration plant is planned to finish the construction in 2010. The main philosophy of HTR-PM project is safety, standard, economy, and proven technology. The works in the categories of market, organization, project and technology is done in predefined order. And the biggest challenge for the HTR-PM is to ensure the economical competition while maintaining the inherent safety. As a result of optimization and compromise, a design of 450MWth annular pebble bed core is presented in this paper. KEYWORD: MHTGR, annular core, pebble bed, HTR-10, HTR-PM 0. CURRENT STATUS OF HTR Starting from the gas-cooled reactor in 1950s and advanced gas-cooled reactor in 1960s, and the high-temperature reactor Dragon in 1964, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactors have developed for nearly 50 years. And the concept of modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTGR), which is much safer than its ancestor and other type of reactors, was proposed more than 20 years ago, and was realized and verified by 10MW high-temperature gas-cooled test reactor (HTR-10) designed in China in 2000. Therefore the MHTGR is a mature reactor now. And MHTGR is very excellent in the safety, market flexibility. For safety, MHTGR eliminates the possibility of core melt and radioactive release to the environment, provides an inherent safety solution. The market flexibility is realized by the small power size of each module, multiple modules in one plant, batch and standard construction of each module, higher output temperature, possibility for many processing heat application including hydrogen production. Therefore MHTGR is very attractive and competitive in the world, many research and engineering projects are planned and ongoing, for example, the South African PBMR project, USA-Russia GT-MHR project, USA NGNP (Next generation Nuclear Power) in Idaho, HTTR in Japan, Korean HTGR plan, and Chinese High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor-Pebble bed Module (HTR-PM) demonstration project. It is especially urgent for China to develop and construct new nuclear power plants. The economy grows continuously, the energy demand increases continuously, the shortage of electricity, oil and coal becomes serious and serious, the environment pressure (green house gas and air pollution) increases continuously, thus nuclear power becomes inevitable for China . Because of the distinguished advantages of MHTGR in safety, and the success of HTR-10 project , HTR-PM project becomes DESIGN OF CHINESE MODULAR HIGH-TEMPERATURE GAS-COOLED REACTOR HTR-PM #D15 -2 -urgent, practical, feasible for China . And this is also the main topic of this paper. 1. THE PHILOSOPHY OF HTR-PM PROJECT The main philosophy of HTR-PM project is safety, standard, economy and proven technology. The "safety" requirement means the HTR-PM will comply with the inherent safety principles of MHTGR, which must remove the decay heat passively from the core under any designed accident condition, and keep the maximum fuel temperature below 1600°C so as to contain nearly all fission products inside the SiC layer of TRISO coated fuel. Therefore it eliminates the possibility of core melt and large release of radioactive into environment. The "standard" requirement means that the design of the HTR-PM nuclear power plant, especially the nuclear island, must be standardized and modularization, so multiple modules can be constructed in a batch and standardized way in one site or in many sites. The standard design of HTR-PM try to solve this problem as discussed later. The "economy" requirement means that the designed power plant must be competitive with other type of energy sources, including the current PWR, while providing more safety margin and application flexibility. This is the most serious challenge for us. The "proven technology" requirement means the HTR-PM will adopt as much as possible the proven technology. According to this guideline, the HTR-PM design will take HTR-10 as prototype reactor, including the system configuration, the layout, the fuel element technology, the design, manufacture and construction experience of HTR-10, and take HTR-MODUL design as a reference and starting point, and use the proven, high efficient, conventional steam turbine proven and used in coal plant as the solution of the conventional island. The work done and been doing on HTR-PM project can be divided into four categories, namely the market, organization, project, and technology. The market category concerns the market requirement and the market chance. Now China is eagerly searching the new energy sources for its rapid economy growth, the nuclear energy has big chance to develop. In current stage, cheap and safe electricity is the main object for nuclear energy, in future, the hydrogen production, the sea-water desalination may become main stream. Although mature PWR is the main stream for the new Chinese nuclear power plants, as the Chinese national policy and world trend, but MHTGR is very attractive for its safety, higher electricity efficiency and possibility for hydrogen production. And through HTR-10, China has achieved full intelligence property and know-how of the high temperature reactor. So Chinese government agrees to support HTR-PM project in the sense of both the policy and finance. Therefore HTR-PM is suitable for the Chinese market, and finds its position in Chinese market, that is the supplement of PWR for electricity production in current stage and main source for hydrogen production in future. In the organization category, a development team includes all aspects of Chinese nuclear industry is set up to push forward the HTR-PM project, including the research, design, construction, manufacture, operation, and utility. The kernel of this team is Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET) of Tsinghua University, which owns the experience and experts to design, construct, operate the HTR-10, and is responsible for the research, design and technology development of the nuclear HTR2004 Beijing, CHINA, 2004. 9 -3 -island of HTR-PM. The second level of this team is a future Architecture and Engineering (AE) company for HTR-PM which is responsible for the engineering design, main components supply, all issues about the construction. This future AE company is set up just for short time, and is a joint venture company between Chinese Nuclear Industry Construction Company, which is responsible for the construction of all Chinese nuclear power plants, and Tsinghua University, which can provide HTR design technology. This AE company will be responsible to combination of design, manufacturer, construction, utility together to provide a complete HTR-PM power plant to utility. Another part of the team is the future utility company. This company will be a joint venture company among a Chinese electricity company, namely Huaneng Group Company, and nuclear industry company, namely the Chinese Nuclear Industry Construction Company, and Tsinghua University, and other local investors located near the final site of the HTR-PM power plant. Maybe the shares of the stock will be expanded further to combine more positive strength for HTR-PM. This utility company will be responsible for the issues of marketing, financial, site selection, and etc. For project category, a roadmap for the demonstration plant is set up, a long term roadmap of the HTR-PM is in the preliminary stage. For the demonstration plant, two parallel line of project is outlined. One is the reactor itself, including the site selection, standard design, experiment verification, safety review, demonstration plant, and future batch construction of HTR-PM. Another line of project is for the nuclear fuel plant, which is very different from the fuel plant for PWR. This work is outlined as, to expand the size of the plant, to stabilize the production technics, to produce fuel elements for physical critical of demonstration nuclear power plant, and produce more fuel elements for operation of demonstration plant and future power plants. The long term development project concerns the development of new technology, including helium turbine (prototype will be tested in HTR-10), hydrogen production technology (technology developing in laboratory), gas fast reactor technology, very high temperature gas-cooled reactor technology, and etc. For technology category, the main work is to finish the HTR-PM standard design which is based on the enveloping or reference site condition. This idea of standard design is like the standard design of ABWR done by GE company. The purpose of standard design to hurry up the design process and improve the design quality. According to Chinese rules, the design of nuclear power plant must follow the stages of: 1) preliminary feasibility study which chooses the site, outlines the conceptual scheme, analyzes the economic feature, forms the utility company, outlines the financial source, 2) feasibility study which includes the site seismic and geology report, site choice safety analysis report, environment impact analysis report and project feasibility study report itself, 3) preliminary design aimed at to get the construction license, 4) final construction design. As a new type of nuclear power plant, the first two stages are too lengthy and the government permission must be obtained one by one. Therefore the standard design which uses the enveloping site condition and reaches the depth of preliminary design can make the design of the HTR-PM more detailed and at early stage. From another viewpoint, MHTGR requires the standardization of t


A method of cleaning a filter apparatus used in the reaction system, the reaction system comprising: a reaction tank having a filter; a first delivery pipe connected to one end of the filter; recovery tank, and the other end connected to the first delivery pipe; and a second delivery pipe connected at one end to the recovery tank. The cleaning apparatus comprising: a first return pipe, one end of the second delivery pipe is connected; a first reverse cleaning solution tank and the second reverse cleaning solution tank, the first return pipe connected; a first flow rate adjusting valve can be adjusted to a first filtered fluid supplying reverse cleaning liquid tank; and a second flow rate adjusting valve can be adjusted to the second tank supplying reverse cleaning liquid filtered fluid; and a switching unit capable of switching to either one of two inverse filtered fluid contained in the cleaning liquid tank to transported.


Trapped in the Body of a Cheerleader is a feature-length comedic screenplay using juvenile witticisms and black-comedy to tell the story of a teenaged girl accepting her own identity. The introduction, a personal essay, offers the author's personal views towards screen writing, teen-oriented films, and contemporary screen comedy.


Preface ... xiv 1. Ca2+ Chemistry Storage and Transport in Biologic Systems: An Overview ... 1 Tashi G. Kinjo and Paul P.M. Schnetkamp Why Ca2+ Unique Chemical and Physical Features ... 1 Ca2+ Evolution a Rejection from Cytoplasm ... 2 Ca2+ Signaling and Storage the Endoplasmic Recticulum ... 2 The Role of Ca2+ within the ER ... 3 ER Heterogeneity Ca2+ Tunneling Versus Ca2+ Compartmentalization ... 3 Ca2+ Signaling and Storage Mitochondria ... 4 Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Function and Effects ... 4 Ca2+ Buffering Cytosolic and Lumenal ... 5 Channels that Lead to an Increase in Cytosolic Ca2+ ... 5 Intracellular Ca2+ Release Channels ... 6 Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Channels ... 7 Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ... 7 P2X Receptors ... 7 SOCE and the TRP Gene Family ... 8 Mechanisms of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry ... 8 Mechanisms to Lower Cytosolic Ca2+ ... 8 PMCA Gene Family ... 9 SERCA Gene Family ... 9 NCX Gene Family ... 9 NCKX Gene Family... 9 2. Monitoring Intracellular Ca2+ in Brain Slices with Fluorescent Indicators ... 12 Sean J. Mulligan and Brian A. MacVicar Ca2+ Sensitive Fluorescent Chemical Indicators ... 12 Single-Wavelength Probes ... 13 Dual-Wavelength Ratiometric Probes ... 15 Ca2+ Binding Affinity ... 16 Ca2+ Indicator Form ... 18 Dextran Conjugates ... 18 AM-Esters ... 20 Quantitative Measurement of [Ca2+]i ... 21 3. A Brief History of Calcium Channel Discovery ... 27 Richard W. Tsien and Curtis F. Barrett The Key Role of Ca2+ Channels in Cellular Signaling ... 27 The Winding Road of Calcium Channel Discovery ... 30 The Diversity of Native Ca2+ Channel Currents ... 36 4. Biochemical Studies of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels ... 48 William A. Catterall Purification and Bioche


Wei Gu : Data curation (Equal), Investigation (Equal), Resources (Equal). Kian Fan Chung : Investigation (Equal), Methodology (Equal), Project administration (Equal), Supervision (Equal), Validation (Equal), Writing – original draft (Equal), Writing – review&editing(Equal). QinglingZhang :Investigation(Equal),Project administration (Equal), Writing – review & editing (Equal). Nanshan Zhong : Project administration (Equal), Supervision (Equal), Writing – review & editing (Equal).


This guide will help you to find information and resources for TVET and Certificate II Animal Studies courses. Useful websites to help you learn more about your subject.


Historical development theoretical structure quality management and organizational culture quality management - measuring effectiveness customers of quality management leadership and teams in quality organizations implementing qualitymanagement - practices, cases and experiences the future of quality management critiques of quality management. Appendices: Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 Government Management Reform Act of 1994 performance-based management - eight steps to develop and use information technology performance measures effectively review of agency annual performance plans Utah tomorrow selected on-line resources for quality management.


OsiANDER [1978]: Forward to Copernicus, N.: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, E. Rosen (trans.) Macmillan. POPPER, K. [1969]: Objective Knowledge. Oxford University Press. PRICE, D. J. DE S. [1959]: 'A Critical Re-Estimation of the Mathematical Planetary Theory of Ptolemy, Copernicus and Kepler' in M. Clagett (ed.): Critical Problems in the History of Science. University of Wisconsin Press. ZAHAR, E. [1976]: 'Why Did Einstein's Programme Supersede Lorentz's?' in C. Howson {ed.), Method and Appraisal in the Physical Sciences. Cambridge University Press.


PURPOSE: A residual heat removal and a containment cooling system using a passive auxiliary feed-water system for a pressurized water reactor are provided to use a water tub and a heat exchanger in a pressure containment vessel. CONSTITUTION: A passive auxiliary feedwater system includes a steam generator(10), a condensation bath(30), a vapor supplying pipe(11) and a condensed water recovery pipe(12). A steam generator generates vapor by using the heat of a nuclear reactor. The condensation bath comprises a heat exchanger(20). The vapor supplying pipe supplies the vapor generated in the steam generator to the heat exchanger. The condensed water recovery pipe supplies the condensed water of the heat exchanger to the steam generator.


This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of change management characteristics in organizations. The main purpose of the research is to find out and discuss the role of change management in organizations, the main change management models, the benefits of investing CRM in a banking system that will change the way of work. A systematization of literary sources on the issue of change management presents some models steps of change management in organization. It indicates the importance of change management in today's fast-moving world. Investigation of the topic proves that change management may help organizations become more effective customer-oriented. Analysis in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: literature review shows some examples of international experience of the discussed topic; also, the experience of CRM investing is discussed in one of the Armenian banks. Methodological tools of the research methods were analysis and synthesis, surveys. The paper presents the results of an empirical study, which shows that there are some transactions for which people prefer going to the bank. Certain services tend to go online, for example, to request account information or transfer money between accounts. The trend is that customers are moving more and more to online platforms. It was due to the introduction of the latest IT technologies in the banking system; also, during Covid-19, people preferred to do transactions online. The results show that it is necessary to use CRM tools to manage customer relationships throughout a customer life cycle, including marketing, sales, digital marketing, and customer service interactions. We suggest using CRM tools in banks to identify customers' needs as much as possible to build a stable and long-lasting bank-customer relationship. The results of the research can be helpful for banks to improve their experience, invest in CRM systems and do better change management.


By applying real option game theory,an equilibrium price and optimal timing under the condition of non-perfect information for the controlling shares transfer were given,and the comparative static analysis was made for the main factors which affect the the optimal timing.The results show that,assuming other conditions remain unchanged,the better the quality of target companies,the smaller M and A sunk cost,the higher the percentage holding,the greater the expected synergies,the more low transfer price will result in the transfer of control sooner.The higher industry growth rate and the volatility,the faster the transfer of control,and there is a double effect.


A British woman with multiple sclerosis has lost her Appeal Court bid to ensure that her husband will not face prosecution if he helps her end her life by assisted suicide in Switzerland.

Debbie Purdy launched the appeal after the high court ruled that it could not force the director of public prosecutions to issue a policy statement explaining the circumstances in which relatives and friends who helped loved ones to die would or would not be prosecuted for aiding or abetting a suicide.

Ms Purdy, 45, from Bradford, West Yorkshire, argued that without assurances that her husband, Omar Puente, would escape prosecution, she would …


This working paper examines the rules, regulations, and ordinances in EPA Region 5 that are helping and hindering the expanded use of greywater -- particular in agricultural uses.


Tatra National Park conducts a number of activities designed to adapting the area for tourism in order to avoid posing a threat to the environment and to diminish the degree of its negative impact to the smallest possible level. The following thesis indicates the way of the functioning of this institution as well as characterizes actions devoted mainly to tourism. Moreover, it describes issues which are connected with sharing the area of the park for tourism.


We measure the potential welfare gains from countercyclical policy in an economy with incomplete markets. In the course of conducting this measurement, we focus on two questions as central to the determination of those potential gains: (1) What is the likely effect of countercyclical policy on the nature of the income risk faced by individuals in the economy, (2) What are the likely general equilibrium effects brought about as asset prices change due to the implementation of countercyclical policies? In taking up the first question, we see it as critical to distinguish whether the main effect of countercyclical policy is to reduce directly the income risk faced by each individual or is simply to reduce the correlation across individuals in the income risk that they face. We present a model of the wage and employment risk faced by individuals over the cycle in which the levels of those risks are chosen endogenously. On the basis of that model, we argue that the main effect of countercyclical policy aimed at reducing aggregate fluctuations may be simply to remove the correlation across individuals in the unemployment risk that they face. We then use asset price data to argue that in an incomplete markets framework, the potential welfare gains from countercyclical policy are close to zero.


tag=1 data=Poll attacks. by Dennis Schulz

tag=2 data=Schulz, Dennis

tag=3 data=The Bulletin,

tag=4 data=116

tag=5 data=5910

tag=6 data=8 March 1994

tag=7 data=19.

tag=8 data=ELECTIONS-NT%POLITICAL PARTIES-ALP%POLITICAL PARTIES-CLP

tag=10 data=Top End election candidates seem to be running into trouble as fast as their parties can select them.

tag=11 data=1994/6/3

tag=12 data=94/0174

tag=13 data=CAB

tag=32 data=MARTIN, CLARE%ADAMSON, PETER


We provide a general framework for the problem of quantile elicitation, and discuss applications of the framework in conditional quantile elicitation and multiclass classification. Our framework provides a rich theory for relating quantile elicitation to the problem of binary class probability estimation, and results in the development of new scoring rules for quantile elicitation. In the context of conditional quantile elicitation, we are able to provide regret bounds which quantify the extent to which our predicted quantiles differ from the actual quantiles of a distribution. We then turn our attention to multiclass classification, where we use quantile elicitation techniques to develop what we refer to as approximately consistent surrogate losses.


This study aimed to determine and analyze the influence of the board of directors, board of commissioners, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and audit committee on financial distress. Financial distress as the dependent variable is measured by comparing the company's profit for 2 years. The independent variables in this study were measured by the number of directors, the number of board of commissioners, managerial ownership and institutional ownership as well as the number of administrative committees. This study uses quantitative methods. The population in this study are all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. Based on the purposive sampling method, 650 companies were obtained as research samples. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange for all manufacturing companies in 2013-2017. The data analysis technique used was logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the board of directors and institutional ownership had a significant negative influence on financial distress, while the board of commissioners, managerial ownership, and audit committee did not have a significant influence on financial distress
Keywords: financial distress, liquidity, leverage, sales growth, firm size, interest coverage ratio


Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute bone marrow niches that support homing and quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells via paracrine functions. MSCs have the potential of differentiating into a variety of cell types and therefore have therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Mitochondria modulates cellular functions including paracrine functions by which MSCs modulate quiescence and differentiation of stem cells. Previous studies have provided evidence for the expression of renin‐angiotensin system in MSCs. The current study evaluated the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Angiotensin‐(1‐7) (Ang‐(1‐7)) on mitochondrial respiration in mouse bone marrow MSCs. Study was carried out in cultured MSCs, passage eight or nine, and mitochondrial respiration was evaluated by using Seahorse (XFp). Expression of ACE, ACE2, AT1R, AT2R and Mas receptor were evaluated by real‐time PCR and western blotting. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was determined by carrying out mito‐stress test. For measuring OCR in real‐time, the mito‐stress test was carried out, which involved use of different pharmacological agents that modulate mitochondrial electron transport chain such as oligomycin (2µm), FCCP (0.5µm), rotenone/ antimycin A (0.5µm) to determine ATP‐linked respiration, maximal respiration, non‐mitochondrial respiration, respectively, after recording basal respiration. PCR detected mRNA transcripts of ACE, AT1R, AT2R, and Mas, but not ACE2. Mito‐stress test showed dose‐dependent (0.1nm, 1nm, 10nm) increase in basal, ATP‐linked, maximal, and nonmitochondrial respiration by Ang‐(1‐7) and effects at 10nm concentration were significant (P<0.05, n=5) compared to the untreated cells (Figure 1). All these changes were blocked by A‐779 (1µm). All of the mitochondrial respiratory parameters were significantly (P<0.05, n=5) decreased when only A‐779 was present compared to untreated cells. Ang II (100nm) did not alter OCR in MSCs in mito‐stress test (Figure 1). Proton leak was not changed by any treatments. Intriguingly, treatment with PD123391 (1µm) significantly increased basal respiration and maximal respiration compared to untreated cells (P<0.05). These effects were not observed when cells were treated with Ang II along with PD123391. Along similar lines, losartan (10µm) significantly increased the basal respiration compared to untreated MSCs (P<0.05), and this change was not observed in the presence of Ang II. This preliminary study shows that mitochondrial oxygen consumption in MSCs is differentially modulated by angiotensin peptides. Further investigations are needed to address the significance of mitochondrial modulation in the regenerative functions of MSCs by angiotensins.


I Radiation.- I.1 Radioactivity.- I.2 Radiopharmaceuticals.- I.3 Biological Effects of Radiation.- I.4 Protection of the Community.- I.5 Protection of the Patient.- II Detection Systems.- II.1 Radiation Detection.- II.2 Non-Imaging.- II.3 Single Photon Planar Imaging.- II.4 Single Photon Tomographic Imaging.- II.5 Dual Photon Imaging.- II.6 Image Presentation.- II.7 Computers and Communications.- III Clinical Procedures.- III.1 Non-Imaging Studies.- III.2 Single Photon Planar Imaging.- III.3 Single Photon Tomographic Imaging.- III.4 Dual Photon Imaging.- III.5 Image Processing and Analysis.- IV Quality Assurance.- IV.1 Quality Assurance.- IV.2 Radiopharmaceutical.- IV.3 Non-Imaging.- IV.4 Single Photon Planar Imaging.- IV.5 Single Photon Tomographic Imaging.- IV.6 Dual Photon Imaging.- IV.7 Image Presentation.- IV.8 Computer.- V Appendices.- V.1 Radionuclide Decay Characteristics.- V.2 Units.- V.3 Collimator Details.- V.4 GFR Single Sample Equations.- V.5 Typical Acquisition and Processing Protocols for Single Photon Investigations.


Cyclic code(CC) is widely adopted in error code controlling. In this paper, the CC generator has been theoretically designed in circuit diagram. Then based on that, the CC generator has been designed with VHDL methods. The paper has also presented the effective way to design the CC generator via modifying parameters to achieve efficiency on high proficiency CC generator designing, which demonstrated the advantage of EDA technology.


'Welcome Speech by the Rector of Ghent University' in: Klaas A.D. Smelik, Ria van den Brandt & Meins G.S. Coetsier (red.), Spirituality in the Writings of Etty Hillesum: Proceedings of the Etty Hillesum Conference at Ghent University, November 2008 (Supplements to The Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 11), Boston, Brill, 2010, xv-xix.


The effect of preservatives such as AgNO_3,citric acid(CA) and sucrose solution on Gerbera jamesonii cut flowers was studied.The result showed that the best treatment was the solution of 50 mg/L AgNO_3+150 mg/L CA(+50 g/L) sucrose.


The mechanism of initiation of lipid peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria in the resting state by iron chelates of adenine nucleotides has been investigated. ADP was required at three times the concentration of Fe2+ for formation of an active complex and at ten times the concentration of Fe2+ for maximal activity to induce lipid peroxidation. Iron chelates with ATP showed as high activity as those with ADP for initiation of peroxidation, but those with AMP showed low activity. ADP-Fe3+, prepared from ADP and Fe(NH4)(SO4)2, did not induce mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, whereas ADP-Fe2+, prepared by incubation of ADP with FeSO4, oxidized to form a Fe3+-type complex, as characterized by spectroscopic analysis, did induce lipid peroxidation. The oxidation of ADP-Fe2+ to an ADP-Fe3+-type complex with associated oxygen uptake suggested the formation of an ADP-Fe3+-oxygen complex capable of initiating lipid peroxidation. The molar ratio of Fe3+ formation to oxygen uptake was approximately 2.5 on incubation of Fe2+ with ADP. The process of ADP-Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation did not involve superoxide, H2O2, or the OH-radical, because it was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or mannitol, an OH-radical scavenger.


Consumer anxiety about food safety is increasing, and the ability to make an accurate assessment is inadequate due to the lack of food safety information. This research focuses on relations among main variables, such as food hazard awareness, food apprehension, food safety information awareness, and food safety management system evaluation. In addition, to the moderating effects of food safety information awareness between food hazards awareness, food apprehension, and food safety management system evaluation. First, food hazards awareness and apprehension was slightly higher than the average level, also there was a significant difference in food hazard apprehension according to food hazard awareness. However, the level of food safety information was not high, meaning consumers were not as well informed as expected. We divided food safety management system evaluation into awareness and practice, subsequently, the results of both were at a low level. Food safety information awareness' moderating effect was also confirmed. Consumer organizations and the government need to provide specific and correct information to Korean consumers, that also implement a wide range of consumer education related policies.


Deliberately unhelpful, almost entirely free of useful generalizations, and shamelessly frank about the realities of fatherhood from conception to ten years, this book plunges into the whole sordid business of nappies, boredom, family excursions to preserved warships, madness, food, toys, sex education, clothes that don't fit, bonding, vomit, love, hitting, financial ruin, and happiness. There is also, of course, the matter of nursery-school fathers' races, where the author finds himself overtaken by the whole field, including a grandfather - but is rescued from humiliation by his own son, aged five.


China's accession to WTO and accelerated global emergence will dramatically change trade patterns with the Pacific region and exert important influence on its trilateral relationship with Japan and the United States. Because of its size and stage of development, China will play two roles in the region with unusual prominence. First, it will stiffen regional export competition in a broad spectrum of products. Second, the size of China's growing internal market will make it, by 2015, the largest trading nation in East Asia. Thus China interposes itself between the rest of East Asia and the U.S.-Japan market as an export competitor and magnet for imports. The objective of this paper is to evaluate this phenomenon empirically and elucidate the regional and domestic adjustments that might ensue. Our basic finding is that the United States, Japan, and China would gain substantially from a trilateral free trade agreement and, indeed, they could realize most of the residual gains from globalization thereby. We contrast this with the many suggestions for China's involvement in less inclusive East Asian FTAs, and we find this would benefit smaller member economies (e.g., ASEAN countries), but not China itself. † Hiro Lee is Head of Regional Studies Section at the International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development and Visiting Professor in the Graduate School of Social System Studies at the University of Kitakyushu (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com); David Roland-Holst is James Irvine Professor of Economics at Mills College (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com); Dominique van der Mensbrugghe is Senior Economist at the World Bank (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Japan Foundation's Center for Global Partnership. Views expressed here are those of the authors and should not be ascribed to their affiliated institutions.


We report the electrocatalytic effect of oxidized nickel nanoparticles on lactic acid oxidation in alkaline solution. A boron-doped diamond electrode was modified with nickel nanoparticles by electrodeposition. Various electrodeposition charges were used to deposit nanoparticles of different sizes onto the electrode. Afterward, the nickel nanoparticle modified boron-doped diamond electrodes were initially oxidized in NaOH solution to form β-Ni(OH)2 on the surface. Further oxidation forms the Ni(2+/3+) redox couple, β-Ni(OH)2/β-NiOOH, which catalyzes lactic acid oxidation. Studies in the absence and in the presence of lactic acid were performed and compared to the behavior of the Ni(2+/3+) redox couple on a bulk nickel electrode. The anodic peak was greater than the cathodic peak current in both situations and attributed to the catalytic effect of NiOOH on the oxidation of lactic acid. The ratio between the anodic and cathodic peaks was normalized to the amount of the Ni(2+/3+) couple on the electrode, and...


This is the first report of the bivalve Trigoniidae [Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia) sp.], from anUpper Cretaceous locality of Costa Rica. This fossil association was buried in situ with other mollusks:Pholadomya jamaicensis and gastropods. They are included in a calcareous sandstone, deposited in a sublittoral-littoral (10-15 m deep) environment. The presence of this fossils is an evidence of the influence of the Thetyssea in this area during the Mesozoic (Upper Cretaceous).


Developing models for identifying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has often been challenging due to large variations in data from subjects, resulting in difficulties for the mTBI-identification models to generalize to data from unseen subjects. To tackle this problem, we present a long short-term memory-based adversarial variational autoencoder (LSTM-AVAE) framework for subject-invariant mTBI feature extraction. In the proposed model, first, an LSTM variational autoencoder (LSTM-VAE) combines the representation learning ability of the variational autoencoder (VAE) with the temporal modeling characteristics of the LSTM to learn the latent space representations from neural activity. Then, to detach the subject's individuality from neural feature representations, and make the model proper for cross-subject transfer learning, an adversary network is attached to the encoder in a discriminative setting. The model is trained using the 1 held-out approach. The trained encoder is then used to extract the representations from the held-out subject's data. The extracted representations are then classified into normal and mTBI groups using different classifiers. The proposed model is evaluated on cortical recordings of Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice obtained via widefield calcium imaging, prior to and after inducing injury. In cross-subject transfer learning experiment, the proposed LSTM-AVAE framework achieves classification accuracy results of 95.8% and 97.79%, without and with utilizing conditional VAE (cVAE), respectively, demonstrating that the proposed model is capable of learning invariant representations from mTBI data.


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Commercial thinning in fully-stocked normal Douglas-fir stands of merchantable size is evaluated and compared to the alternatives of leaving stands to grow unthinned or of liquidating them. Comparisons are made in terms of volume production and financial returns.


In this paper, the synchronization of complex dynamical networks (CDNs) is investigated, where coupling connections are expressed in terms of state-space equations. As it is shown in simulation results, such links can greatly affect the synchronization and cause synchronization loss, while many real-world networks have these types of connections. With or without time-delay, two different models of the CDNs are presented. Then, by introducing a distributed adaptive controller, the synchronization conditions are derived by utilizing the Lyapunov(–Krasovskii) theorem. These conditions are provided in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be easily solved by standard LMI solvers even for large networks due to a few numbers of scalar decision variables. At the end, illustrative numerical examples are given to specify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


Although caregiver burden is not a direct cause of elder abuse and neglect, research in Japan indicates that stressful caregiving relationships can lead to mistreatment and abuse of frail elders by their families. At the present time, there is no formal notification system for elder abuse in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to discuss crisis intervention strategies that are implemented by social workers at Home Care Support Centers when encountering cases of mistreatment, neglect, and abuse in family caregiving situations. We present the demographic background of elders and their families and review findings of elder abuse studies conducted by Japanese researchers. We then offer three cases to illustrate intervention strategies employed by social workers who work at Home Care Support Centers in an agricultural area in northeastern Japan, including (1) ongoing monitoring, (2) arrangements for formal services, and (3) institutionalization. Cultural issues unique to family caregiving situations are also discussed. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 5:203‐211 (2005)]


In order to detect a person's individual momentary thermal sensation and comfort, an increased number of models are developed that involve physiological data, especially skin temperatures and features based on the heart activity. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of Machine Learning (ML) models which include physiological data based on two data sources: (1) a smartwatch and (2) a portable chest belt device. Further, we investigate the difference between thermal sensation and comfort votes and propose a new combined ground truth label. Data were collected in lab-like studies in a single-bed hotel room. Our study focuses on the detection of cold-induced thermal discomfort by varying the room air temperature between 24 °C and 20 °C. Results show that ML based approaches lead to accuracies up to 83.1% when using a chest belt device. Using a smartwatch, accuracies drop down to 79.8%. Our investigation shows that even though Heart Rate (HR) based features improve the prediction accuracy, the highest feature importances have distal skin temperature features.


In this paper avariable structure system (VSS) control scheme for multiarea deregulated automatic generation control (AGC) has been developed. The optimal control design requires complete knowledge of the system dynamics, thus realization of such a controller is difficult. VSS is a simple approach to be implementation. VSS controlscheme improves the transient response and keeps zeroerror at steady state of the system. The proposed VSS control scheme has been implemented onderegulated multiarea power system AGC scheme. The simulation results and performance analysis are presented to justify the robustness & effectiveness of control scheme. The comparative performance analysis of variable structure scheme and conventional controlis also presented.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: to solve the aeroplane maintenance problem, the aeroplane is fitted with a constant monitoring device which has piezoelectric sensors. Signals from the sensors are detected in constant mode. Fatigue of critical parts of the aeroplane is determined from the said signals. EFFECT: improved monitoring of critical parts, lower expenses on maintenance. 11 cl, 8 dwg


To realize the self-assembly of an arginine-rich peptide sequence of R8GRGDS with tumor-targeting and membrane-penetrating functions, a hydrophobic aliphatic tail (stearic acid, C18) was coupled to its N-terminus to construct surfactant-like peptide-amphiphiles (SLPAs). Through increasing the number of C18 tails to enhance the hydrophobic interactions, SLPA2 with two C18 tails and SLPA3 with four C18 tails can self-assemble into different nanostructures, including spherical micelles, nanorods and nanofibers in aqueous solution. Because the self-assembly of SLPA2 and SLPA3 is mainly driven by the hydrophobic interactions among the C18 tails, the random-coil conformation of the functional R8GRGDS sequence does not change during self-assembly and the resulting self-assembled nanostructures can be seen as a functional R8GRGDS sequence coated architecture. When using the self-assembled micelles of SLPA3 to load the anti-tumor drug of doxorubicin (DOX) and incubating with HeLa or COS-7 cells, the DOX loaded micelles can efficiently use the tumor-targeting and membrane-penetrating functions of their surface coated R8GRGDS sequences to deliver the drug into HeLa cells. The strategy reported here presents potential for the construction of biocompatible peptide-based biomaterials with favorable bioactivity.