(NL); Dzevdet Burazerovic, Eindhoven (s) int. c.7 ... G10L 11/06 (NL) (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 704/214 (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Techniques utilising Time Scale Modification (TSM) of U.S. Philips Corporation Signals are described. The Signal is analysed and divided into 580 White Plains Road frames of Similar Signal types. Techniques specific to the Tarrytown, NY 10591 (US) Signal type are then applied to the frames thereby optimising the modification process. The method of the present inven (21) Appl. No.: 10/114,505 tion enables TSM of different audio signal parts to be realized using different methods, and a System for effecting (22) Filed: Apr. 2, 2002 Said method is also described.


With China's sustained economic development and the continuous improvement of people's living standards,it's an inevitable trend for a growing number of private cars to enter ordinary family and residential neighborhoods.In this paper,the parking problem in residential district of huaian,jiangsu province which is studied as an example.Then I found that in urban development process,whether the old district constructed before the eighty's or the neighborhood appeared in 1990's or so,even new-built spots in recent years,all have different degrees of parking problem.Parking problems not only make a great impact on the living environment and the traffic safety in residential district,also restrict the development of the city.Therefore,in this article three stages of residential area will be investigated respectively.Analysis of the status of the three types of residential quarters can propose different solutions for different residential area parking problems,thereby improving the parking environment for residents and quality of life of them in the residential district.Also hope that this article reference to some of the parking plan for the future residential area design.


Textbook of blood banking and transfusion medicine , Textbook of blood banking and transfusion medicine , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


Objective To explore the morbidity and prognostic factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods Clinical data about 196 consecutive patients who underwent PD in Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 were recorded retrospectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to estimate relative risks. Results Of the 196 patients, POPF of grade A occurred in 62 patients(31.6%), grade B in 53 patients(27.0%), grade C in 11 cases(5.6%), with a total incidence of 64.3%(126/196) and the incidence of clinically relevant POPF(CR-POPF) was 32.7%(64/196). Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis showed that pancreatic duct diameter and POPF rates were significantly correlated, pancreatic duct diameter≤3 mm was an independent risk factor for POPF. The CR-POPF rate was higher in patients without external pancreatic stent, furthermore, it was also an independent risk factor for CR-POPF. Conclusion POPF contributes to early postoperative morbidity and pancreatic duct diameter≤3 mm is an independent risk factor of POPF. The external drainage of pancreatic secretion with an external stent across pancreaticojejunal anastomosis can significantly reduce the mortality of CR-POPF and alleviate the severity of POPF.


SUMMARY Yoga was developed primarily as a tool for self-mastery and spiritual progress. However, over the past few decades, the therapeutic applications of yoga in mental healthcare have been explored with promising results. This article aims to inform psychiatrists about the clinical usefulness of yoga for mental disorders. We discuss the rationale and latest evidence base for the use of yoga in psychiatric practice, including the neurobiological mechanisms and indications and contraindications for yoga therapy. We suggest practical yoga techniques that can be used as an add-on for managing common psychiatric conditions. Finally, we discuss the setting up and running of yoga clinical services in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in India and explore what can be learnt to facilitate yoga as a therapeutic approach in the Western world.


On Alor and Pantar islands in eastern Indonesia, Muslims and some Christians are united by a common history going back to the time of conversion to Islam, when their ancestors agreed the rules of tradition (adat). When inland villages became Protestant Christians in the 20th century, some of them did so only with the agreement of their Muslim neighbours. The two communities intermarry and share ritual and political practices. Recent conflicts between the two religious groups in other areas of the islands appear to derive from land disputes following government-enforced resettlement on the coast, some issues over local marriage rules, and the politicisation of religious identities elsewhere in Indonesia.


RISTO HELINKO: Generating Test Cases from Formal Specifications Tampere University of Technology Master's thesis, 37 pages December 2017 Master's Degree Programme in Information Technology Major: Pervasive Systems Examiner: Docent Henri Hansen


The properties of different forms of the combined field integral equation (CFIE) formulation of electromagnetic scattering from convex, perfect electrically conducting geometries are considered. Several difficulties encountered in the numerical implementation of the traditional CFIEs of electromagnetic scattering theory are discussed. An alternate form of the CFIE is introduced which is free of many of the deficiencies of traditional formulations for smooth, convex geometries. The improved numerical properties of the new formulation are illustrated with numerical examples.


Possibilities of N2O and NO2 sounding in the 3–4 μm range along tropospheric paths are estimated on the basis of numerical simulation. The results are presented of search for information-bearing wavelengths and calculation of lidar echo signals during differential-absorption gas sounding.


The performance of carbon microdisk electrodes for the simultaneous trace analysis of lead and copper by anodic stripping voltammetry is investigated. The evaluation of the two metal ions in a single step, i.e., by employing a plating potential at which both cations are reduced simultaneously, gives unpredictable results due to the interaction between lead and copper deposited onto the electrode surface. In particular, the calibration plots of lead are not linear, while the copper stripping peak is quite broad and irreproducible. A two-steps deposition procedure, based on a preelectrolysis of copper performed at a potential at which lead ion is not reduced, followed by a simultaneous reduction of the two cations at large enough negative potentials, provides, instead, linear calibration graphs for lead. Copper can be determined without interference by plating the metal at a negative potential where lead ion is not reduced. The reliability of the two-steps procedure for the determination of lead and copper is verified in rain and wine samples.


Background: The fish being highly perishable food item consumed in all strata of people. The production of freshwater fish is on the rise and need to be processed in a variety of forms to make them available for people. Nowadays, numbers of value added fish products are available in the market for consumption to achieve health beneficial effect and to cope up with malnutrition. However, consumers are unaware of the quality of the products available in the market. Therefore, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the quality of fish fingers produced from tilapia and pangasius during storage at -18±2°C.
Methods: The fresh tilapia and pangasius were purchased from local market to prepare fillets. The fingers were prepared from tilapia and pangasius fillets and par fried at 180°C for 30 seconds. The fried fingers were cooled at once at room temperature and stored in deep freeze at -18±2°C for shelf-life study during November 2019 to March 2021. Result: The results indicated that the fish fingers prepared from tilapia could be stored for 33 days and pangasius fingers had a shelf-life of only 27 days. All biochemical parameters viz. pH, TVB-N, PV, FFA and TBA were found increasing as the storage study progresses. The sensory score of the fish fingers produced from both the fishes were got drastically reduced at the end of deep freeze storage at -18±2°C. Overall study indicated that tilapia and pangasius fish can be successfully utilized for the preparation of various value added fish product such as fish fingers and would have sufficient shelf life at deep freeze storage at -18±2°C.


Purpose – This study aims to explore how certain consumer characteristics (dieting status, health motives and food values) together with products carrying ambivalent health and taste cues (light foods, convenience foods, "functional candies") shape whether and why health and taste attributes are perceived as inclusive ("healthy is tasty" and "unhealthy is untasty") or exclusive ("healthy is untasty" and "unhealthy is tasty"). Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative methodology not yet applied in examining consumers' healthiness and tastiness perceptions of food was employed. It included gathering three separate data sets through both personal and group interviews (N = 40). Findings – Consumers' dieting status, health motives and food values shape the perception of inclusivity and exclusivity of health and taste of light, convenience and candy products. Second, there are multiple sources for these perceptions including product type, ingredients, level of processing and marketing cues. These factors int...


PurposeThe study investigates the impact of higher moments on cross-sectional returns in the Indian equity market.Design/methodology/approachUsing the daily data of 3,085 Bombay Stock Exchange-listed stocks spanning over 20 years from January 2000 to December 2019, the study evaluates the relationship between higher moments (skewness and kurtosis) and stock returns at individual stock and portfolio levels. The variations in the returns of the equal-weighted and the value-weighted portfolios are analysed, where the portfolios are constructed by sorting the stocks on skewness and kurtosis. The returns are adjusted for five common factors – market excess-returns, size, value, momentum and illiquidity, to controls other cross-sectional effects. Besides, the study employs Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional regression and time-series tests of higher moments as robustness measures.FindingsThe study presents higher moments anomaly in the Indian equity market. Contrary to what is expected based on a risk-averse rational agent model, a robust positive relationship is observed between the skewness and stock returns. The relationship between the kurtosis and stock returns is negative, albeit statistically weak. These results are robust for the Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional regression and time-series tests.Originality/valueIt is among the earlier attempts to investigate the pricing impact of higher moments at different levels of asset prices in an emerging market. Besides the standard portfolio methodology for explaining cross-sectional variations, the study also employs the time-series tests for higher moment factors, hence provides more robust results. Results have wider implications for asset pricing in emerging markets and highlight many issues for further research.


Title: Can pedagogical models used in golf coaching be used in vocal teaching?
The purpose of this study is to see if there are models in golf coaching on a professional level, that could be further investigated, in a perspective to expand the teaching repertoire in vocal teaching in tertiary education. The main questions of this study are: What pedagogical models in golf coaching could be investigated in a further research project aiming to develop vocal teaching on a collegiate level? Which disparities between golf coaching and vocal teaching need to be taken into account in such a research? This study compares golf coaching and vocal teaching, especially their ways of using space, time and feedback. The study is a qualitative research, and the results are based on interviews with two vocal teachers at Malmoe Academy of Music, and furthermore two Swedish golf coaches who work with players at a professional level. The study points at student influence on scheduling and planning, expanded forms of communication, and well structured feedback as possible areas for further research.


For the composition operator Tf : g → f ◦ g we find a class of functions f : R → R for which there exists a family of positive constants c( f ,t) , t > 0 , such that the estimate ‖Tf (g)‖Bsp,q(Rn) c( f ,t)‖g‖Bsp,q (Rn) holds, for all g ∈W 1 ∞ ∩Bp,q(R) satisfying ‖∇g‖∞ t (or g ∈ L∞ ∩Bp,q(R) with ‖g‖∞ t and [s] = 1). We establish this assertion, for all f ∈ B1 , oc p,∞ (R) with s1 > 1+ 1/p , in the case 1 < p < ∞ , 0 < q ∞ and 0 < s < s1 . Mathematics subject classification (2010): 46E35, 47H30.


In the current era, information security is on its top priority for all organizations. The individuals, government officials, and military with the rapid development of Internet technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing facing data security problems. As the massive rate of data growth, it is a challenging task for the researchers, that how to manage the vast amount of data safely and effectively while designing smart cities. It has been quite easy to produce an illegal copy of digital contents. The verification of digital content is one of the major issues because digital contents are generated daily and shared via the internet. The limited techniques are available for document copyright protection. However, most of the existing techniques produce distortion during watermark insertion or lack of capacity. In the said perspective, a digital watermarking technique is proposed for document copyright protection and ownership verification with the help of data mining. The techniques of data mining are applied to find suitable properties from the document for embedding watermark. The proposed model provides copyright protection to text documents on local and cloud computing paradigm. For the evaluation of the proposed technique, 20 different text documents are used to perform many attacks such as formatting, insertion, and deletion attacks. The proposed technique attained a high-level of imperceptibility where peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values are between 64.67% and 71.03%, and similarity (SIM) percentage is between 99.92% and 99.99%. The proposed technique is robust and resists from formatting attacks and capacity of the proposed technique is also improved as compared to the previous techniques.


An adaptive controller is proposed for hysteresis motor driving servo system with high order neural net-work(HONN) estimates the unknown hysteresis Preisach model. Firstly, in order to make the proposed approach has more general, the hysteresis motor driving servo system is transformed into states space form. Afterwards, the tracking error is represented as a scalar error that can simplify the controller design. Finally, a new HONN is designed to estimate the unknown hysteresis and the Lyapunov function guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system. Simulations on the servo system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.


The Distance Clinical Connecting Candidates and Children (DC4) is an innovative new model for providing a clinical experience in a reading methods course. Pre-service teachers used this model to implement assessments and lessons via SKYPE with local elementary students. I designed this model to provide a clinical experience when faced with university scheduling constraints. Positive outcomes for preservice teachers involved in the piloting of the DC4 were noted in terms of growth as a teacher, planning and attitudes toward teaching reading. This type of model may hold potential for the inclusion of rural schools into university-public school partnerships involving clinical experiences of pre-service teachers, otherwise made impossible by geographic location. NAPDS Essentials Addressed: #2/A school-university culture committed to the preparation of future educators that embraces their active engagement in the school community.


Aiming at the requirement of fuze-warhead coordination simulation,a kind of simulation system framework based on the idea of modularization and object-oriented was proposed,which contains model management module,encounter parameter management module,warhead simulation module,fuze simulation module,and visualization simulation module.The method of complex targets modeling and near-field scattering computation was introduced,the start-up characteristic was analyzed,a method of adjusting delay time of fuze was proposed.The whole process of fuze-warhead coordination visualization simulation was achieved with OpenGL.The application of the system in the development of air-defence missile was demonstrated by an example.


An exact self-similar solution is used to investigate current sheet formation at a magnetic neutral line in incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics. The collapse to a current sheet is modelled as a finite-time singularity in the solution for electric current density at the neutral line. We establish that a finite-time collapse to the current sheet can occur in Hall magnetohydrodynamics, and we find a criterion for the finite-time singularity in terms of the initial conditions. We derive an asymptotic solution for the singularity formation and a formula for the singularity formation time. The analytical results are illustrated by numerical solutions, and we also investigate an alternative similarity reduction. Finally, we generalise our solution to incorporate resistive, viscous and electron inertia terms. AMS subject classifications: 76W05, 85A30


The recently completed McKeand River and Amittok Lake aeromagnetic surveys on southern Baffin Island, Nunavut pro-
vide a new high-resolution magnetic dataset over an area with no previous coverage. Complemented by regional gravity
data, newly acquired rock-property information and geological-mapping products, the aeromagnetic dataset yields qualita-
tive and quantitative information on the structure and geology of the underlying bedrock. This paper presents a preliminary
interpretation of these datasets that delineates three gravimetric and five magnetic domains. The gravity data outline a broad
negative anomaly associated with a plutonic-intrusive suite, as well as several isolated gravity highs associated with
metasedimentary strata. Magnetic domains are defined on the basis of anomaly amplitude, wavelength and texture, and are
correlated to the mapped geology and magnetic properties. Associations between potential-field anomalies, physical prop-
erties and mineral occurrences help define the regional distribution of economically significant horizons.


The authors have presented identification examinations of so-called ecstasy tablets taken from 3 different drug dealers working on the illicit drugs market. Analysis of alcoholic extracts of these tablets and their hydrolysates obtained at various pH's was carried out by thin-layer chromatography in a screening system, UV spectrophotometry, HPLC-DAD and mass spectrometry. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to detect 4 active components in these tablets, namely: piracetam, caffeine, pemoline and salicylic acid. Such a quantitative composition makes this patent drug a strong stimulant. The presence of pemoline allowed us to classify this preparation under controlled psychotropic substances of group IV-P (The Act of 24th April 1997 on Counteracting Drug Addiction).


Prof. Shimon Sakaguchi's most important contribution to immunology is the discovery of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and the elucidation of the molecular and cellular basis of their development and function. Treg cells are an indispensable component of the immune system. They slow down overzealous immune cells that attack the body's own tissue and in this way, they help the immune system to maintain its self-tolerance and homeostasis. Prof. Sakaguchi has shown that autoimmune diseases can develop when the function of Treg cells is disturbed. Moreover, he has established that a reduction in Treg cells can lead to effective cancer immunity and, in turn, a strengthening of the Treg cells leads to a stronger suppression of the immune response during organ transplants and thus a better tolerance of the transplant. His research group also discovered that Treg cells express the transcription factor Foxp3 and investigated how this controls the function and development of Treg cells. In addition, Prof. Sakaguchi has established an important animal model for inflammation research, the so-called SKG mouse. These mice spontaneously develop chronic autoimmune arthritis, which in its clinical and immunopathological characteristics is similar to rheumatoid arthritis in humans. An essential feature of this model is that a genetic defect of the T cells, but not of the joint, leads to the development of autoimmune arthritis. Prof. Sakaguchi's research results have led to Treg cells being the subject of numerous studies worldwide for the treatment and prevention of immunological diseases and for the control of a variety of physiological and pathological immune responses (e.g. autoimmunity, tumor immunity, organ transplantation, microbial immunity and allergy).


Significance Warsaw breakage syndrome, a developmental disorder caused by mutations in the conserved DDX11/ChlR1 DNA helicase, shows features of genome instability partly overlapping with those of Fanconi anemia (FA). Here, using avian cellular models of DDX11 deficiency, we find that DDX11 functions as backup to the FA pathway and facilitates, jointly with the checkpoint clamp 9-1-1, a homologous recombination pathway of DNA bulky-lesion repair that does not affect replication fork speed and stalled fork stability. DDX11 also promotes diversification of the immunoglobulin-variable gene locus by facilitating hypermutation and gene conversion at programmed abasic sites that constitute endogenous replication blocks. The results suggest commonality between postreplicative gap filling and replication through abasic sites and pinpoint DDX11 as a critical player in both these processes. Warsaw breakage syndrome, a developmental disorder caused by mutations in the DDX11/ChlR1 helicase, shows cellular features of genome instability similar to Fanconi anemia (FA). Here we report that DDX11-deficient avian DT40 cells exhibit interstrand crosslink (ICL)-induced chromatid breakage, with DDX11 functioning as backup for the FA pathway in regard to ICL repair. Importantly, we establish that DDX11 acts jointly with the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp and its loader, RAD17, primarily in a postreplicative fashion, to promote homologous recombination repair of bulky lesions, but is not required for intra-S checkpoint activation or efficient fork progression. Notably, we find that DDX11 also promotes diversification of the chicken Ig-variable gene, a process triggered by programmed abasic sites, by facilitating both hypermutation and homeologous recombination-mediated gene conversion. Altogether, our results uncover that DDX11 orchestrates jointly with 9-1-1 and its loader, RAD17, DNA damage tolerance at sites of bulky lesions, and endogenous abasic sites. These functions may explain the essential roles of DDX11 and its similarity with 9-1-1 during development.


Change detection was one of pivotal technologies for the application of remote sensing image. On the basis of analysis for algorithms for change detection, A new algorithm was proposed in this paper, the algorithm consists of three steps: optimized acquiring for difference image based on blocking by using wavelet transform; exact detection of change area by using self-adaptive threshold; correcting change detection result through detecting objects' shadow. A number of simulation results show that new algorithm can detect effectively change areas, and outlines of change objects are incarnated perfectly simultaneously. The algorithm has better robustress against background.


Accruing enough patient studies with an acceptable gold standard diagnosis to evaluate reconstruction strategies is costly and cumbersome. We recently improved and streamlined a method developed earlier for inserting cardiac perfusion defects into SPECT slices of hearts deemed normal by experienced physicians. In this study we employed our improved methodology to study the effect of incremental dose reduction on perfusion defect detection. All patients included in this study were under IRB approval with written consent. Imaging consisted of list-mode acquisitions during stress Tc-99m sestamibi perfusion SPECT on a BrightView SPECT/CT (Philips, Cleveland, OH) employing the standard clinical protocol. Patient body and respiratory motion tracking were performed to correct SPECT slices during reconstruction. A method was developed to randomly select fractions of list-mode events for inclusion in decreased dose acquisitions spanning the total acquisition time. The original data were then reconstructed with a combination of respiratory and rigid-body motion compensation and perfusion defects inserted to reflect a 50% reduction in wall counts. The same defects were subsequently inserted into the lower dose acquisitions. Finally, the hybrid projections were reconstructed with and without respiratory motion compensation and evaluated using polar map quantitation comparing the percentage reduction of the counts in the lower dose defects with that in the original hybrid acquisitions. Also, success was assumed when the polar map software flagged the inserted defect as a region with disease according to the ASNC guidelines. In our preliminary evaluation, we were able to reduce the dose to 25% of the original counts and obtain similar decreases in defect counts while still been flagged as diseased. However, other distractors (noise, respiratory motion when not corrected) now clearly influence the accuracy in location and size of the defects. Therefore, other processing methods not yet clinically available should be explored, especially for dose reduction below 50% of that used in standard acquisition protocols.


This article explores the questions whether there were any regions in Anatolia that witnessed the lives of thinkers who produced works in their fields in certain historical periods, for instance, in the era of the Ottoman Empire. This article seeks answers to the following questions: If there were such regions, what is the number of thinkers raised in these specific areas? Is it possible to determine the rate of such numbers? What is the historical and sociological significance of this research? In this research, it has been concluded that the regions that were under the reign of Anatolian Seljuk Empire produced most of the thinkers during the period of Ottoman Empire.


A kind of entropy model for information fusion was proposed. According to fusion steps, information detection, association, decision, the new fusion approach based on the entropy model was described. This method can model the character property information from multi sources such as sensors, database, repository, and by associating these information the decision can be gained. In order to realize multi object information fusion, an algorithm called EAA for fusion problem was developed based on the entropy adaptive aggregation law. The algorithm controls it's convergence by reducting the complexity of the action of association model.


Density is an important parameter showing the nature of solution, and all kinds of available methods in measuring density have their respective features. In reference , based on optical principle, and using Microscope's focusing method, a method of measuring the thickness and refractive index of transparent material is presented; Besides, according to the quantitative correspondence relationship between the refractive index and the density of some solution, a method of measuring the density of solution is presented too. The method has some features as follows: non contact measurement, little sampling, no special requirement about fluid, wide using range and simple apparatus. The result of experiment is the percentage density measuring accuracy can reach 0.1%. Compared with other conventional methods, the percentage deviation of this method is about 1%, so this method can satisfy the demands in related production and work.


Transformations of natural images in the per- ulated with respect to luminance and chromaticity in order ceptually uniform CIELUV color space have been investi- to improve the display of color. Usually, some implicit gated with respect to perceptual image quality. To this assumptions are made to limit the almost infinite number end, digitized color images of four natural scenes were of possible manipulations. One of these assumptions is described on the basis of their color point distributions that only global changes need to be considered. This stems in the CIELUV color space. A new set of images was from the notion that images are coherent in the sense that created by varying the chroma value of each pixel while different parts of the same image share luminance and the lightness and hue angle were kept constant. The spectral properties due to the fact that they belong to the chroma was changed in two different ways: (1) through same object or are illuminated by the same light source. the addition or subtraction of the same amount of chroma This assumption underlies global reproduction techniques to or from the chroma value of each pixel; (2) through in which the same color operation is applied to all pixels, multiplication of the chroma value of each pixel by a irrespective of the content of the image. 1,2 Another as- constant. In three experiments, subjects judged the per- sumption is that the optimum image equals the original ceptual quality, colorfulness, and naturalness of the im- ( real-life ) scene. Hence, all efforts should be directed ages on a ten-point numerical category scale. The results towards finding ways of approaching this equality as indicate that colorfulness is the main perceptual attribute closely as possible. underlying image quality when chroma varies. Colorful- In this article, a different constraint on color reproduc- ness itself was found to depend on both the average tion is proposed, namely, the experienced naturalness of chroma and its variability. In general, the subjects pre- an image. This choice is motivated by the argument that ferred slightly more colorful images to the original ones. constraints should be formulated not in the physical, but The perceptual quality of the images was found to be in the psychological domain, the reason being that image closely related to the naturalness of the images.q 1997 quality judgments are based on a comparison between the


Symbol is external form of transmitted message.Only can transmitted messages with necessary external form get into transmission area.Non-language symbol is important content for the study of modern transmission.During news interview,non-language symbol plays key roles in strengthening tones,presenting characters,shortening instance,expressing sincere,romancing atmosphere,getting rid of embarrass,etc.and it can directly influence the result of interview.The meaning,style and application of non-language symbol in news interview are discussed in the paper.


Main problems for therapists are psychosomatic disorders. No causal therapy could be provided yet. Instead a network of therapeutical measurements has to be applied. Here we show that activating a so-called immunological bystander reactionwith the natural remedyMatricell (its components are from honey bees) the disturbed psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrine feedbacks can be improved. In addition Matricell has among others antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic properties. Therefore Matricell could be taken as a "multi-target" remedy.


The cis-ethylenehydride compounds [Mo(η-C6H6)(L2)(η-C2H4)H]PF6[L2= Me2PCH2CH2PMe2(dmpe) or o-C6H4(EMe2)2(E = P, pdmp, or As, pdma)] react with trimethylphosphine to give the η-ethylbenzene compounds [Mo(η-C6H5Et)(L2)(PMe3)H]PF6. Detailed studies of the mechanism of this reaction show that there is an initial reaction, at low temperatures, giving isomeric mixtures of thermally unstable η-cyclohexadienyl derivatives [Mo(η-C6H7)(dmpe)(PMe3)(η-C2H4)]+. The combined evidence from n.m.r. spectra, including kinetic studies, and from the preparation and reactions of intermediates shows that the η-ethylbenzene compound is formed by the sequence [Mo(η-C6H6)(dmpe)(η-C2H4)H]+→[Mo(η-C6H6)(dmpe)(PMe3)Et]+→[Mo(η-C6H6Et-endo)(dmpe)(PMe3)(solvent)]+→[Mo(η-C6H5Et)(dmpe)(PMe3)]+ H+→[Mo(η-C6H5Et)(dmpe)(PMe3)H]+. The following new compounds have been prepared and characterised: [Mo(η-C6H6){P(OMe)3}2(η-C3H5)] PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdmp)(η-C3H5)]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdma)(η-C3H5)]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdmp)(η-C2H4)], [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdma)(η-C2H4)], [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdmp)(η-C2H4)H]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdma)(η-C3H5)]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdmp)(η-C2H4)], [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdma)(η-C2H4)], [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdmp)(η-C2H4)H]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(pdma)(η-C2H4)H]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H5Et)(pdmp)(PMe3)H]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H5Et)(pdma)(PMe3)H]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(dmpe)(PMe3)D]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(dmpe)(η-C2H4)], [Mo(η-C6H6Et-endo)(dmpe)2]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(dmpe){P(OMe)3}H]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(dmpe)(CO)H]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H6)(dmpe)(2,6-Me2C6H3 NC)]PF6, [Mo(η-C6H5Me)(dmpe)(η-C2H4)H]PF6, [Mo(C6H4Me-2-Et-1)(dmpe)(PMe3)H]PF6, [Mo(C6H4Me-3-Et-1)(dmpe)(PMe3)H]PF6, [Mo(C6H5Me-1-Et-6-endo)(dmpe)2]PF6, [Mo(C6H5Me-2-Et-6-endo)(dmpe)2]PF6, and [Mo(η-C6H6Et-endo)(pdmp)2]PF6.


The empirical evidence to support the efficacy of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions is still quite limited. Further efficacy research is urgently needed to establish best practices, maximize outcomes, ensure accountability, and justify cost. However, conducting efficacy research in the AAC field poses significant challenges because of the heterogeneity of the population of AAC users, the complexity of AAC systems and interventions, and the intricacies of the communication process. This paper discusses some of the challenges confronted when conducting AAC efficacy research—challenges in defining meaningful research questions, determining appropriate methods to investigate these questions, and analyzing the results or outcomes of efficacy research. Some potential solutions to these challenges are discussed and illustrated using examples from current efficacy research on AAC interventions to build communicative competence.


Against the issues in IR/UV flame detector test in fire engineering,a handheld explosion-proof field test device for IR/UV flame detector was designed,which can be used to simulate the real flame effect to induce detector alarm.The design idea and structure were overviewed,and the infrared lamp system and power control module were introduced in details.Application and test showed that the device can realize the IR/UV flame detector test as flame simulator.


!e common phenomenon of contemporary world is the continuous competition between enterprises in a constantly changing global economy. Hence, the proper formulation of competitive strategy is of a signi#cant importance for the enterprise not only to grow but also to remain on the market. Being competitive in these days means to be $exible in adapting to a constantly changing environment. One of the most popular examples of enterprise $exibility on the Polish market is the $exibility of employment which provides enterprises with numerous and measurable bene#ts. !e purpose of this article is to present the potential of application of $exible forms of employment and working time, as well as to focus on bene#ts these instruments provide for in building enterprise competitiveness.


Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are considered as a new technology in sediment remediation, while biochars can promote interspecies electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems. We conducted the SMFCs amended with biochars to investigate their effects on of sediment characteristics. Results showed that the anode of SMFCs could oxidize the chemical oxidizable matter in sediments (by 4%-16%) correlating with the maximum power density (r=0.982, p<0.01) and then changed the chemical characteristics of the sediments. The reducible metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn) species increased after SMFCs performed, which might lead to releases of metals that bound to the oxidable fraction. On the other hand, the loosely-sorbed, redox-sensitive, and organic phosphorus decreased (1.6-13, 3.5-40, and 277-923 μg/g, respectively), as well as the refractory Al-phosphorus increased (2.8-58 μg/g), implied that the mobility of phosphorus was inhibited. As the high stable biochar, the ratio of recalcitrant carbon to total organic carbon did not change significantly in sediments while the ratio of recalcitrant nitrogen increased (2%-19%), suggesting that low quality of organic matter (C/N=24-32) were retained after remediation. The work took insight to sediment characteristic alternations under SMFC operation, which gave information on the element pool related to pollutants and the risk of the application of SMFCs.


Our main purpose of the study is to investigate the effective factors on dividend policy in automobile companies. The research method is practical and its research design is semi-empirical and is performed based on a post-event approach (via past information). To do so, three hypotheses have been provided. The variables of board independence, the number of board members, and type of audit and dividend policy are regarded as independent and dependent variables, respectively. Spatial domain of the research is the automobile companies listed on Tehran stock exchange and the time domain is during 2008 to 2012. There have been 28 companies in this paper. A multiple regression model is applied to test the hypotheses using SPSS 18. The results demonstrate that the board independence has influence on dividend policy and the number of board members and type of auditor has no effect on dividend policy.


This document describes a combined local track and hit finding algorithm using a road search with pad pulses developed for a prototype TPC with pad readout aiming for an improved double hit resolution.


Objectives: The relationships between intra‐uterine growth retardation and stature, relative weight and fat distribution at adolescence have not been comprehensively established. The aim of this report is to assess the effect of low birthweight on stature, relative weight and fat distribution in 14‐year‐old boys and girls from Wroclaw, Poland.


The government development of the ethnic autonomous regions refers to the continuous optimization of the structure of the local autonomous government with its autonomy as the core, the improvement of the administration and a more active and capable government. This is the necessary condition for the great-leap development in the minority regions and a guarantee for its effective autonomy and for the equal rights for all minority groups. Its correct development depends on the principle of scientific development.


Rotavirus isthemostimportant worldwide cause ofsevere gastroenteritis. Extensive efforts havebeen devoted tothedesign ofavaccine thatwill prevent disease, butdevelopment ofa more effective vaccine strategy may require progressintheunderstanding ofthemucosal immuneresponse toreplicating viral antigens. Inthis article, we report thecharacterization oftheintestinal antibody response ofa murinemodeltoheterologous infection withtherhesus rotavirus vaccine strain. We haveadapted theenzyme-linked immunospot assay to measure this responsewithout thedifficulties associated withmeasurementof antibodies inintestinal contents or theartifacts associated withculturing oflymphocytes. Thepredominant response intermsofantibodysecreting cells (ASC)isseeninthesmallintestine laminapropria, whichcan bemeasuredwithin 4 daysof infection, peaks3weeksafter infection, andremains near thatlevel forlonger than8weeks.Themagnitude oftheimmunoglobulin A (IgA)cell responseisapproximately 10timesgreaterthantheintestinal IgGcell response,andIgMcells arerare.Virus-specific ASCconstitute approximately 50% ofallASC inthegutatthe peakofthevirus-specific response.Thisresponseisconsiderably greater thanresponsestononreplicating mucosal antigens measured bysimilar techniques. Enteral infection engenders minimalvirus-specific ASC responseinthespleen. Rhesus rotavirus-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayandneutralization assays ofserum andintestinal contents didnotcorrelate withvirus-specific ASC response.


A half-hour, long-passage reading comprehension test and a half-hour vocabulary test designed to test interest in debating, current affairs, literature, and hobbies were tried out in the experimental section of the Law School Admission Test in the spring of 1951. The validities of these tests were computed for five law schools and were found to be insufficient for making an appreciable addition to the validity already provided by the present LSAT.


THE old adage "a tooth for every child" is still often heard quoted with emphasis among practicing dentists and laymen. Numerous clinical surveys have been reported in which the relation of pregnancy, lactation, number of pregnancies, and the patient's age to the current dental caries activity, or to the lifetime dental caries experience, were explored. The results of these surveys varied greatly. From Switzerland, Gerson' reported a higher incidence of superficial caries, of deep various lesions, and of extractions during pregnancy than in nonpregnant women. Biro,2 Starobinsky,' Day and Shourie,4 and others observed no difference between the dental caries activity in nulliparous women and pregnant women within the same age groups. In contrast, Ziskin5 and Ziskin and Hotelling6 believed that there was a lower incidence of tooth decay among women who had had one or more children than among those who had had none. Despite this range of disagreement, laboratory studies of any possible relationships of pregnancy and lactation to the susceptibility to tooth decay have been infrequent. Toverud7 observed that the incisors of control female rats which had been maintained on a partially calcium-deficient diet were essentially normal, whereas the incisors of female rats fed the same diet during one or two pregnancies contained less ash, calcium, and phosphorus. Deakins,8 and Deakins and Looby9 concluded from specific gravity studies of dentin from various teeth that no demineralization of sound dentin occurred during pregnancy and that neither gestation nor demineralization of the teeth was associated with the susceptibility to tooth decay. Dragiff and Karshan'0 observed no differences between the ash, calcium, or phosphorus concentrations of the root dentin from pregnant and that from nonpregnant women. However, no studies are known to have been conducted to determine whether or not pregnancy and lactation altered the initiation and development of various lesions in caries-susceptible animals. In the present study, caries-susceptible rats were maintained throughout pregnancy and lactation on a caries-producing diet known to be adequate in all nutrients which have been shown to be essential for the normal growth and development of the rat.


Objective: To compare the clinical effects of large trauma craniotomy on hematoma removal and hematoma clearance in small bone-window perestration in super early stage for treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hernia.Methods: Retrospective analysis was made in the 72 cases of basal ganglia hemorrhage in hypertensive cerebral herniation with severe clinical data.Thirty-two cases of such patients were treated with large trauma craniotomy for hematoma removal and 40 cases of such patient were treated with small bone-window perestration.Follow-up continued for 6 months,comprehensive comparison was made about its clinical efficacy,hematoma rate and complications rate of surgery.Results: Differences between two groups in evacuation rate,complications of surger y(except for gastrointestinal bleeding),mortality and follow-up on 6-month were not significant,and the gastrointestinal hemorrhage rate of surgery,surgery time and blood transfusion were significantly higher in the small bone-window perestration group than those in large trauma craniotomy group(P0.05).Conclusion: Hematoma clearance in small skull hole is the first choice for treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hernia in super early stage.


A coating of ZrO2 nanoparticles on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate in an alcohol and acetic acid solution forms voids that can be used to tune the effective dielectric constant of mixing layers. After tuning to be between the dielectric constant of ITO (2.5–2.0) and air (~1), the light transmission was enhanced by about eight times. A ZrO2 nanoparticle layer with high light transmission was thus fabricated for a natural pigment‐sensitized solar cell. In order to set up an environmentally friendly dye‐sensitized solar cell, a water‐based electrolyte was used. The efficiency of the green part of Codiaeum varie pigment on the ZrO2 nanoparticle layer was 0.688%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To investigate the characteristic and diagnosis of left ventricular diverticulum. Meth-ods As one left ventricular diverticulum patient was diagnosed by echocardiography in our hospital,we reviewed and analyzed about published in China. Results Left ventricular diverticulum is a rare disease of congenital heart malfor-marion, Echocardiographic characteristics of the left ventricular diverticulum is the saccular evngination of the left ven-tricular wall with the neck of the diverticula being smaller than the body. Left ventricular diverticulum is classified into contractile muscular type and fibrous type ,The saccular wall of contractile muscular diverticulum remain a normal mo-tion and is thinner than the normal wall The saccular wall of the fibrous diverticulum is due to a loss of myocardial thickness, as thin as aneurysm with a dyskinetic motion. Conclusion Left ventricular diverticulum is a rare disease in clinic, echocardiography is very important for diagnosing classifying.

Key words:
Heart ventricules;  Diverticulum;  Echocardiography


This paper focus on the development of Expediency Fuel Consumption Cost Simulator (EFCCS). EFCCS is automated software that calculates the total amount of fuel cost for a car to travel based on the distance given, driving speed, weight capacity and current market fuel price cost. This software simulator has been developed by using Visual Basic. Net language and SQL Server database system. By deploying EFCCS, users obtain a summary and the best solution to estimate the minimum cost towards the desired destination.


We investigate experimentally and theoretically the vortex dynamics in a superconducting film with nanoengineered open vortex traps which provide tunable pinning, ranging from no pinning for a certain current direction to finite pinning when reversing the current flow. The design is based on the confinement of the vortex motion within two repulsive walls, one with periodic microprotrusions and the other one smooth. Clear commensurability effects are seen if the bias current drives the vortices inside the traps, whereas these effects are much less pronounced when the current pushes the vortices against the smooth surface. For small periods of the protrusions or large vortex sizes, the properties displayed by the vortices, pushed against these two surfaces of dissimilar roughness can be thought of as due to the change of effective sliding friction.


With an X ray detector designed for flight on a free balloon, we obtained a sounding of X ray intensity and electric-field strength in a mesoscale convective system (MCS) near Norman, Oklahoma, in the spring of 1995. The balloon passed through a region of high electric field strength, at which time an increase in X ray intensity of about 2 orders of magnitude occurred, lasting for approximately 1 min. The X ray intensity returned to background levels at the time of a lightning flash that reduced the electric field strength measured at the balloon. This observation suggests that the production mechanism for the X rays we observed is related to the storm electric field and not necessarily to lightning discharge processes.


The invention discloses pliers for taking out metal foreign matter.The pliers comprise expansion pliers and a magnet fixed to the expansion pliers.The front end of the magnet is a tip end, and the tail end of the magnet is folded gradually towards the front end.The expansion pliers are made of non-metal materials.The expansion pliers comprise two handles and two plier heads.The two plier heads are fixed to the two handles.The two handles are rotationally arranged on the two sides of the tail end of the magnet.The two handles are symmetrically arranged, the two plier heads are located on the two sides of the front end of the magnet, and the plier heads stretch out of the front end of the magnet.In this way, the metal foreign matter can be taken out under small incisions, and the damage to tissue is small.


Selective laser melting (SLM) is an attractive metal additive manufacturing technique that can create functional finished components. The microstructure that originates from SLM, however, differs in many aspects from that obtained from conventional manufacturing. In addition, the microstructure-mechanical properties relationship is not yet fully understood. In this research, the high-cycle fatigue performance of SLM Ti-6Al-4V was studied. The dominant fracture mechanisms were reported and discussed in relation to the microstructure of the specimens.


We discuss OOA(Object-Oriented Analysis),OOD(Object-Oriented Design),and implementation of the OO(Object-Oriented) models by utilizing UML.The practice manifests that UML can elegantly express the whole developing process with flexibility and consistency.By object-oriented tool,the Code Excited Linear Prediction(CELP) Coding System is carried out smoothly.


Estimates on the phase content of cement for process control and specification compliance using the Bogue calculations have been used for the past 75 years. The Bogue method is an indirect approach based upon a bulk chemical analysis and assumptions of the chemistry of the four principal phases. Bias inherent in the calculations resulting from assumptions of composition and from analytical uncertainties have limited their use in accurately characterizing mineralogical compositions [1,2]. X-ray powder diffraction analysis has become more popular within the industry, providing a direct analytical method for a more complete and potentially more accurate estimate of phase compositions of clinker and cement.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of San' ao Pian's treatment on subacute cough induced by airway inflammation.Methods Ninety cases with subacute cough induced by airway inflammation were selected as our subjects.They were randomly divided into control group(n =45) and San'ao Pian group(n =45).Patients in control group were given regular treatment,and in San'ao Pian group were received San'ao Pian's(1.0 g/time oral,3 times/day) for 2 weeks plus regular treatment.The changes of clinical symptoms such as cough,sputum,and wheeze were observed and recorded at the 3th,7th,14th day.Results (1) The main symptoms regarding of cough were improved in two groups(P < 0.01).The day cough symptoms score in San'ao Pian group were (2.18 ±0.62),(1.22 ±0.46),(0.83 ±0.45) at the 3th,7th,14th days after treatment,lower than that of control group ((2.78 ± 0.55),(2.05 ± 0.41),(1.86 ± 0.68)) and the differences were significant(F within group =10.23,P < 0.05 ; F between =8.46,P < 0.05 ; F intercross group =12.05,P < 0.05).The same trend was seen in night cough symptoms score ((2.12 ± 0.51) vs.(2.38 ±0.38),(1.18±0.44) vs.(1.85±0.49),(1.01 ±0.32) vs.(1.24±0.37) ;Fwithingroup=6.38,P < 0.05 ; F between group =7.59,P < 0.05 ; F intercross group =8.13,P < 0.05).(2) The total efficacy rate of San'ao Pian's was 86.7%,including 22 cases were cured,17 cases markedly effective,higher than that of control group (68.9%),including 14 cases were cured and 17 cases markedly effective,and the difference was significant.Conclusion San'ao Pian's is proved with better clinical effect in terms of treating subacute cough induced by airway inflammation.

Key words:
Subacute cough;  San'ao Pian;  Chinese traditional treatment


Although candidal biofilms are characterized by recalcitrance to antifungals, the mechanisms that entail this phenomenon are ill understood. Objectives: the aim of this study was to explore the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), dietary sugars (glucose and galactose) and mixed saliva on biofilm-induced resistance of Candida albicans isolate 192887g to the commonly used antifungal - nystatin. Methods: unstimulated, mixed saliva was collected by expectoration from five healthy volunteers and clarified by spinning immediately before use. The biofilms were grown in wells of polystyrene, flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates (IWAKI, Tokyo, Japan) over a period of 96 hrs and harvested periodically. ATP bioluminescence assay was used to determine the survival rate of biofilm cells exposed (test) or unexposed (control) to nystatin (Sigma, MO, USA). The EPS content of candidal biofilms was evaluated using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) after staining the biofilms with ECA (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and concanavalin A (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). Results: the intact, sessile (biofilm) cells were the most nystatin-resistant, followed by either unwashed or washed resuspended, and planktonic cells (P < 0.05). Biofilm resistance to nystatin developed progressively, in a temporal manner, regardless of the nature of the sugar in the incubating medium. Compared with glucose-grown biofilms, those grown in galactose were significantly more resistant to nystatin (P < 0.05). However, CSLM did not reveal a significant difference in the EPS levels of biofilms grown in the two sugars.


Thank you for downloading medical entomology for students. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this medical entomology for students, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. medical entomology for students is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the medical entomology for students is universally compatible with any devices to read.


An analysis of 143 firms in the Greek manufacturing and service sectors reveals that adopters of ISO 9000 quality assurance schemes are larger companies producing intermediate goods, but less profitable and with higher leverage than their non-adopter counterparts. The effects of adopting an ISO 9000 scheme on firm performance and especially on certain dimensions of profitability are not significant in a period of 5-6 years after adoption. Evidence suggests that the adoption of an ISO 9000 quality assurance scheme, being a continuous process of improvement, is beneficial in the long term and does not necessarily improve financial ratios in the short term. Active support policies for the promotion and dissemination of quality standards in the manufacturing and service sectors of Greece can be reconsidered and a more targeted policy should be implemented. Future research may be designed and implemented so that long-term and strategic effects of the adoption of the new ISO 9000:2000 standards are revealed.


20 B. Behin et al., "Magnetically Actuated Micromirrors for Fiber-Optic Switching." Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head, South Carolina, Jun. 8-11, 1998, pp. 273-276. K. S. J. Pister et al., "Microfabricated Hinges," Sensors and Actuators vol. A, No. 33 (1992), pp. 249-256, (No Month). T. Akiyama et al., "A Quantitative Analysis of Scratch Drive Actuator Using Buckling Motion," IEEE Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, Amsterdam, The Neth erlands, Jan. 29-Feb. 2, 1995, pp. 310-315. R.T. Chen et al., "A Low Voltage Micromachined Optical Switch By Stress-Induced Bending." 12" IEEE Interna tional Conference On Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, Orlando, Florida, Jan. 17-21, 1999, 5 pages. Cronos Integrated Microsystems, Inc., "Three-Layer Poly silicon Surface Micromachine Process," Aug. 24, 1999, pp. 1-8 (http://mems.mcmc.org). L. Y. Lin et al., "Free-Space Micromachined Optical Switches for Optical Networking." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 5, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 1999, pp. 4-9. L. Y. Lin et al., "High-Density Micromachined Polygon Optical Crossconnects Exploiting Network Connection Symmetry," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 10, No. 10, Oct. 1998, pp. 1425–1427.


The specific rates of solvolysis of benzenesulfonyl chloride and three 4-substituted derivatives can be very well correlated using the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation, with incorporation of N T solvent nucleophilicity and Y Cl solvent ionizing power values. In two instances, it was shown that almost identical correlations were obtained after the incorporation of methyl groups into the 2- and 6-positions of the benzene ring. No evidence was found for a dissociative (S N 1) mechanism or for a duality of mechanism. All of the results can be rationalized in terms of a concerted bimolecular displacement (S N 2) mechanism, involving attack by solvent at sulfur.


Background and Objectives  ISO standards for blood bags do not adequately define and control the dimensions of blood bag transfer tubing. This lack of standardization presents potential difficulties when making sterile connections between the wide range of tubing that has evolved in the absence of such standards. We aim to validate the suitability of the TSCD‐II and provide a minimum standard for assessing the suitability of sterile connections (welds) between dissimilar tubing.


Contents Part I - Mosaics from the Past 1. Beginnings 2. Studies 3. A time to fight 4. Poland 5. Heading South 6. Back home 7. Nicaragua, Nicaraguita 8. Generations 9. Local power 10. The era of globalization 11. Science, conscience, experience Part 2 - Mosaic of the Future 12. New dynamics, other concepts 13. Points of reference 14. The focus for action: bridging exclusion 15. New game, new rules Part 3 - The Mosaic Reconstructed 16. Institutions and schizophrenia 17. Identities 18. Identity and culture 19. Winds of change Epilogue


The Near-Infrared Camera and Fabry-Perot Spectrometer (NIC-FPS) will provide near-IR imaging over the wavelength range ~0.9-2.45 microns and medium resolution (R~10,000) full-field Fabry-Perot spectroscopy in the 1.5-2.4 micron range. Science observation will commence by mid 2004 on the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5-m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, NM. NIC-FPS will allow a wide variety of extragalactic, galactic, and solar system observational programs to be conducted. NIC-FPS will support two observational modes, near-IR imaging or Fabry-Perot spectroscopy. For spectroscopy of line-emitting objects, the cryogenic Fabry-Perot etalon is inserted into the optical path to generate 3D spectral datacubes at ~30 km/s spectral resolution. For narrow to broad-band imaging, the etalon is removed from the optical path. Both modes will utilize a Rockwell Hawaii 1RG 1024 x 1024 HgCdTe detector which features low dark current, low noise and broad spectral response required for astronomical observations. The optics and detector will provide a full 4.6' × 4.6' field of view at 0.27" pixel. NIC-FPS will be mounted to the ARC telescope's Nasmyth port. NIC-FPS will significantly increase ARC's near-IR imaging and spectroscopy capabilities. We present NIC-FPS's optical design and instrument specifications.


St. Clair curve provides a more accessible and more straightforward way to determine the loadability of a transmission line and to study the various factors which affect it. This paper illustrates the mathematical model pertaining St. Clair curve of loadability for 345 kV lines and the development of a generalized algorithm for the loadability curves of other EHV lines like 765kV 1100kV 1500kV. This paper also highlights the study of the various factors which affect line loadability like the terminal voltage, series, and shunt compensation. The influence of voltage stability on line loadability, determination of the critical voltage, and critical loadability have also been investigated in this paper.


Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) causes accelerated transcript degradation when a premature translation termination codon disrupts the open reading frame (ORF). Although endogenous transcripts that have uninterrupted ORFs are typically insensitive to NMD, some can nonetheless become prone to NMD when translation terminates at out-of-frame premature stop codons. This occurs when introns containing stop codons fail to be spliced, when translation of an upstream ORF (uORF) terminates in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) or the coding region, or when the 5′-proximal AUG initiation codon is bypassed and translation initiates at a downstream out-of-frame AUG followed by a stop codon. Some 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) are also known to trigger NMD, but the mechanism is less well understood. To further study the role of 3′-UTRs in NMD, a reporter system was designed to examine 3′-UTRs from candidate genes known to produce NMD-sensitive transcripts. Out of eight that were tested, the 3′-UTRs from MSH4 and SPO16 caused NMD-dependent mRNA destabilization. Both endogenous genes produce multiple transcripts that differ in length at the 3′ end. Detailed studies revealed that the longest of six reporter MSH4-3′-UTR transcripts was NMD-sensitive but five shorter transcripts were insensitive. NMD-dependent degradation of the long transcript required Xrn1, which degrades mRNA from the 5′ end. Sensitivity to NMD was not associated with extensive translational read-through past the normal stop codon. To our knowledge, this is the first example where multiple transcripts containing the same ORF are differentially sensitive to NMD in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results provide a proof of principle that long 3′-UTRs can trigger NMD, which suggests a potential link between errors in transcription termination or processing and mRNA decay.


There has been an increasing call for and development of culturally appropriate substance prevention/intervention for ethnic minorities in schools and communities, especially among reservation and in urban American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Past attempts to intervene in and reduce misuse of alcohol and other drugs have not had great success. The Journeys of the Circle Project utilized innovative programs with a strong emphasis on historic cultural traditions.


A histochemical technic for demonstration of β-d-galactosidase in formalin fixed sections has been presented. Enzymatic activity was best demonstrated in frozen sections of the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract, testis, epididymis and vas deferens of the rat and to a lesser extent in salivary gland, pancreas, thyroid, trachea, lung, spleen and lymphoid tissue. Leucocytes stained intensely. Enzymatic activity was largely present in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Cell nuclei, myocardium, connective tissue and erythrocytes were inactive.


The tetraspanin CD81 is induced in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway after cocaine administration. To further investigate its role, a regulatable lentivirus (Lenti‐CD81) bearing the CD81 gene under the control of a tetracycline‐inducible promoter and lentiviruses expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeted against CD81 (Lenti‐CD81‐shRNAs) have been prepared. Infection of HEK293T cells in vitro with Lenti‐CD81‐shRNAs resulted in 96.5% gene silencing (from quantitative real‐time PCR(qRT‐PCR) and immunocytochemistry). In vivo delivery of Lenti‐CD81‐shRNA into the nucleus accumbens or ventral tegmental area resulted in 91.3 and 94% silencing of endogenous CD81, respectively. Stereotaxic injection of Lenti‐CD81 into these regions, resulting in CD81 overexpression, induced a four‐ to fivefold increase in locomotor activity after chronic cocaine administration, which returned to basal levels when Lenti‐CD81‐shRNA had been coinjected or when CD81 expression was blocked by doxycycline. Furthermore, silencing endogenous CD81 in vivo resulted in a significant decrease in locomotor activity over controls, again suppressing cocaine‐induced behaviour.


The demand for wireless multimedia communications thrives in todaypsilas consumer and corporate market. The need to evolve multimedia applications and services is at a critical point given the proliferation and integration of wireless systems. multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS) was introduced in third generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 6 in order to more efficiently use network and radio resources for the transmission of multimedia data, both in the core network and most importantly in the air interface of UTRAN (UMTS terrestrial radio access network). However, several obstacles, regarding the high power requirements, should be overcome for the realization of MBMS. The fact that Node Bpsilas transmission power is a limited resource and must be shared among all MBMS users in a cell indicates the need for power control during MBMS transmissions. Several techniques, such as dynamic power setting and macro diversity combining, have been proposed in order to reduce the power requirements of delivering multicast traffic to MBMS users. This paper examines the efficiency of the utilization of these power saving techniques, by presenting simulation results that will reveal the amount of power that is saved.


Kenya appears ripe for consequences of a "youth bulge" (restive large unemployed youthful male population) as unemployment rate among 15-34 year olds averages 70 percent. The problem is already manifesting itself through high crime rates, inter communal conflicts over scarce resources, and radicalization among the country's Muslim youth. The current situation may be in part because implementation of the 2008 National Accord (that ended the 2008 post -election violence) failed to consider challenges posed by "the informal manner" in which youth militia groups operate ending with no specific policy on disarmament and reintegration to preventing recurrence.


Proposes the lazy neural tree (LNT) as the appropriate architecture for the realization of smooth regression systems. The LNT is a hybrid of a decision tree and a neural network. From the neural network it inherits smoothness of the generated function, incremental adaptability, and conceptual simplicity. From the decision tree it inherits the topology and initial parameter setting as well as a very efficient sequential implementation that out-performs traditional neural network simulations by the order of magnitudes. The enormous speed is achieved by lazy evaluation. A further speed-up can be obtained by the application of a windowing scheme if the region of interesting results is restricted.<<ETX>>


This thesis aims to improve a satellite communication network which carries both data streams and Voice over IP (VoIP) communication sessions with resource reservation. The resource reservations are made using the standard protocols for Traffic Engineering: MPLS-TE and RSVP-TE. The goal of this thesis project is to optimize the number of concurrent VoIP calls that can be made, in order to use the available bandwidth while maintaining a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) level, which is not possible in the existing system.This thesis proposes and evaluates a solution to this optimization problem in the specific context of a satellite modem system that was developed by Thales Communications. This optimization improves the system's ability to carry VoIP communications through better use of the available transmission resources. A solution to this problem would also increase the exibility in bandwidth allocation within the modem system, and could provide a framework for future development.The proposed solution allows all of the reservable bandwidth to be used. The amount of reservable bandwidth must be at least a little lower than the channel's available bandwidth in order to avoid congestion. Some areas of future work are proposed.


This article examines studies related to environmental justice in the criminological literature and from a criminological perspective. Criminologists have long been concerned with injustices in the criminal justice system related to the enforcement of criminal law. In the 1990s, following the emergence of green criminology, a handful of criminologists have drawn attention to environmental justice as an extension of more traditional criminological studies of justice and injustice. Relevant criminological studies of environmental justice are reviewed, and suggestions for future environmental justice research are offered.


Mental disorders were associated with a wide range of chronic illnesses, disability, and even mortality, particularly among elderly people. Depression will be the second cause of disease. Anxiety is an emotional state of antipathy in which the sense of fear is disproportionate to the magnitude of the risk. Enzymatic antioxidants like SOD, GPx, and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, E act as free scavengers, thereby reducing oxidative stress and resulting in cell injury. Thus, we aimed to study SOD, GPx, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E, 1. To study levels of SOD, GPx, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E in psychiatric disorders.2. To study the levels of Vit-C and E before and after vitamin supplementations. To correlate the levels of SOD, GPx, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E between psychiatric patients and healthy controls (age-matched) attending AVBRH Wardha and SMHRC Nagpur. This cross-sectional examination was completed on 50 psychiatric patients and 50 healthy controls and the levels of SOD, GPx, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E are measured before and after giving supplements. In Psychiatric patients, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were 135.26±24.68, Glutathione Peroxidase levels were 1.591±3.35, Vitamin C levels were 0.32±0.11 and Vitamin E levels were 4.302±1.54, which is lower than the normal range. The present study concludes that antioxidant plays a major role to fight against oxidative stress. So proper antioxidant should be taken.


This study presents a parameter retrieval technique based on the state space approach for the electromagnetic characterisation of biaxial anisotropic structures. First, the formulation of a 4 × 4 transition matrix method for the analysis of forward scattering problems is reviewed; then a procedure for the extraction of the constitutive tensor parameters of a biaxial anisotropic medium from the knowledge of reflection and transmission coefficients is implemented. In the proposed retrieval method, scattering parameters are employed for a plane wave incident normally and obliquely on a biaxial anisotropic slab. This characterisation algorithm is based on the state transition matrix and its properties in the biaxial anisotropic layers are presented as two theorems. In this method, it is not necessary to solve directly the wave equation in complex media and then apply the boundary conditions. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed method, the constitutive parameters of two non-dispersive and dispersive biaxial anisotropic slabs at microwave frequencies are retrieved. From the numerical results, one can find out that when the scattering parameters are combined with the properties of a state transition matrix, a robust technique is provided for the parameter retrieval of the anisotropic structures.


Protein crystals could be targeted therapeutically to treat allergic pathology Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are protein crystals produced by human eosinophils, immune cells typically associated with allergy and parasitic worm (helminth) infection. These responses involve the "type 2" arm of the immune system, and CLCs are a hallmark of the more severe pathologies that can occur during type 2 inflammation, such as allergic asthma. Although described over 160 years ago, the biological relevance of CLCs to type 2 immunity has remained unknown. On page 751 of this issue, Persson et al. (1) confirm anecdotal evidence that CLCs are a key feature of severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. They demonstrate that the crystals, but not the soluble proteins, are powerful promoters of allergic inflammation and can be targeted with crystal-dissolving antibodies to reverse disease symptoms.


Type IV creep failures tend to occur on fine grained heat affected zone (FGHAZ) of P91 steel welded joint after long-term service at high temperature. In this paper, simulation of finite element is applied to analyze the stress response of the component. Experimental result of stress obtained from real-time monitoring is conducted to verify the simulation. The research results show that the concentration of maximum principal stress is caused by thermal displacement of the piping system. The microstructure of the welded joint is studied by SEM and EDS and the area in which maximum principal stress concentrates is in good agreement with distribution of creep cavity, that is the characteristic of Type IV creep failure in earlier stage. The value of maximum principal stress is improved and the distribution is changed, which are sensitive to thermal displacement cooperation. So thermal displacement that results in accumulation of creep cavity and Type IV cracking is regarded as remarkable factor.


Background: Hyperosmotic solutions have been used successfully in different shock resuscitations with cardioprotection. This study was to examine the effects of hyperosmotic sodium chloride on isolated heart function and heart responses to ischemia/reperfusion in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The roles of hyperosmolarity-induced antioxidants including hyperosmolarity-relevant heat shock proteins as well as vasodilating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vasoactive catecholamines were investigated.Methods: Hearts of normal rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats were isolated and perfused for 30 min with control Krebs-Henseleit buffer (osmolarity 300 mOsm/L) or hyperosmotic buffer of different sodium chloride concentrations (320, 350 and 400 mOsm/L) before subjected to 40-min global ischemia followed by 10-min hyperosmotic reperfusion and 30-min normal buffer reperfusion. Heart function, creatine phosphokinase leakage and myocardial antioxidants were examined. Myocardial antioxidants after hyperosmotic perfusion with different osmolytes were assayed with Western blotting.Results: Pre-ischemic hyperosmotic sodium chloride perfusion enhanced heart contractility and diastole function and reduced coronary vascular resistance in both normal and hypertensive hearts. Post-ischemic recoveries of heart function were improved in hyperosmotic perfused hearts, associated with lower creatine phosphokinase leakage, higher coronary flow, reduced coronary resistance and lower norepinephrine overflow. At the end of reperfusion, the myocardial activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase, glutathione content as well as osmosis-relevant heat shock protein 32 and 90 were increased in hyperosmotic hearts. In addition to sodium chloride, in vitro hyperosmotic mannitol, glucose and raffinose also increased protein expressions of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase, heat shock protein 32 and 90 and vasodilating eNOS.Conclusion: Hyperosmotic perfusion enhanced heart function and preconditioned normal and hypertensive hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury. The hyperosmolarity-induced up-regulations in myocardial antioxidants including heat shock proteins and eNOS may play an important role in the hyperosmolarity-induced cardioprotection.


This book review-essay of Solan & Tiersma's SPEAKING OF CRIME argues that with the advent of new technologies such as improvements in DNA identification, fMRI 'lie detector' tests, and the like, courts will rely less and less on confessions altogether, rendering obsolete much of the doctrine that currently surrounds linguistic interpretation (and other markers) of consent and coercion.


Recent results are presented for the efficient computation of matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector equations, the fitting of discrete sets of energy points using interpolating moving least squares methods, and time-dependent and time-independent calculations of molecular dynamics and cumulative reaction probabilities.


This paper presents measurements of low energy electron scattering from pyridine. The low energy positron beamline at the Australian National University was used for these measurements, with a change in operational parameters allowing for the measurement of electron scattering processes. We have collected data for the low energy total cross section for electron scattering, as well as measurements of the differential cross sections for electrons up to 3 eV impact energy. The operation of the beamline will be briefly outlined and data are compared to R-matrix and Schwinger multichannel theoretical calculations, as well as previous experimental data.


In this paper a cognitive-emotional usability analysis model based on heuristics was used to analyze eighteen academic library web portals. Starting with a review of existing literature on the subject, a set of seventy-one heuristic criteria grouped into six aspects was designed, to which the metrics developed by SIRIUS were applied. The result of the evaluation reveals that the average usability of websites of university libraries analyzed stands at 72.30 over 100 with a standard deviation of 5.57. The aspects with the lowest scores were Attention and Long Term Memory and Learning, which were therefore approached less satisfactorily from the user's point of view.


The introduction of maker technology and personal fabrication has radically changed how we learn, design, and innovate. In recent years, a growing number of people have begun using a broad range of creative technologies. A common challenge with using these technologies is the difficulties during electronic circuit prototyping, particularly for end-users. This research investigates the causes of wiring problems and the troubleshooting strategies used during the prototyping of electronic circuits by nonexpert users. We conducted an ethnographic study of students at a university design school engaged in prototyping electronic circuits with creative technologies. We performed a microanalysis of the students' interactions and dialogues according to the distributed cognition framework. Results show the significance of having meaningful information on the prototyping tool in addition to the importance of the students sharing common ground so that they can effectively detect and solve wiring errors. Our conclusions highlight some relations between types of wiring errors and solution strategies.


Scholars generally hold that Dai Zhen was an idealist and follower of Neo-Confucianism in his early period because of the impact of the new regional Cheng-Zhu ethics.Based on the investigation of Dai Zhen's early writings,however,this paper finds that his attitude towards Cheng-Zhu ethics remained unchanged throughout his life.So the author of this paper believes that,in his early period,Dai Zhen also held simple materialism.


The short-lived hadronic resonances are used to study properties of the hot and dense medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Due to their short lifetimes, the resonance yields and masses measured in the hadronic channels are sensitive to rescattering and regeneration effects in the hadronic phase. The measurement of resonances is foreseen in the physical program of the MPD experiment at NICA in heavy-ion collisions at SNN=4-11GeV , in the range of energies where extensive measurements of resonances are not experimentally available. In this contribution, we explore the sensitivity of the ρ(770)0, K*(892), ϕ(1020), ∑(1385)±, Λ(1520) and Ξ(1530)0 resonances measured in the hadronic decay channels to different stages of the heavy-ion collisions at NICA energies and report the feasibility studies for the reconstruction of resonances in the MPD setup


In this paper we describe various aspects of the reproductive process in northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris, particularly maternal behavior and the interaction of adult females and pups in the harem during the breeding season. We focused on the following subjects: (a) parturition the time and place of occurrence and the events which follow it, (b) temporal aspects of reproductive behavior in females such as the interval between arrival on the rookery and parturition, parturition and copulation, and the length of the nursing period, (c) the proportion of females that foster alien pups and the circumstances in which it occurs, (d) suckling behavior of pups the pattern and source of suckling, and (e) pup mortality incidence, time course, and possible causes. Other subjects which bear on maternal and pup behavior such as moulting, seasonal movements, physical development, population dynamics and the role of vocalizations in maintaining the motherpup bond are described in general terms in this paper and will be treated more fully elsewhere. Studies emphasizing male social behavior and copulatory behavior have appeared in previous papers


This work is concerned with the relationship between hydraulic fracturing injection into a fault and the possibility of a seismic slip. The results of this study show that the nucleation of dynamic slip on a fault with slip‐weakening friction is only weakly dependent on the magnitude of the stress perturbation ahead of the propagating hydraulic fracture (HF), or the HF propagation regime, and is mainly controlled by the hydraulic fracture length (i.e., the size of the fully unloaded fault segment at a given time). The growth of the fault slipping patch remains stable when the background shear stress τ0 is smaller than the residual fault strength τr under ambient conditions. Otherwise (τ0>τr), nucleation of dynamic slip takes place when the hydraulic fracture grows to the critical size ℓc, which is vanishingly small ∝τp−τ0 for critically stressed faults (i.e., when the background stress approaches the fault peak strength, τ0→τp ) and is diverging as ∝1/(τ0−τr) when the stability boundary is approached ( τ0→τr ). Our solution for the critical HF size allows to infer the corresponding fluid injection volume that may lead to slip instability on a fault with given frictional properties and background stress.


Flood frequency analysis uses two types of extreme-value series: the annual maximum series (AMS) and the partial duration series (PDS) or the peaks-over-threshold (POT) data. Though the AMS has a few disadvantages, it has been used in many countries without identifying which method is more appropriate for analyzing flood peaks or extreme rainfalls. This paper discusses which method should be used for analyzing flood peaks. Samples are 105 continuous time series of discharge in A-class rivers in Japan. The Gumbel distribution and the GEV distribution are used for the AMS, the exponential distribution and the generalized Pareto (GP) distribution for the PDS. Consequently, the PDS is recommended through the comparison of the AMS and the PDS in terms of shape parameter, quantile estimates, SLSC goodness of fit and quantile stability.


AbstractThe moments (MOM1 and MOM2), maximum likelihood (ML), sextiles (SEX1 and SEX2) and probability weighted moments (PWM1 and PWM2) methods for estimating the parameters and quantiles of the general extreme value (GEV) distribution for the maxima were analyzed and compared by using data generation techniques of the type of distribution sampling experiments. Considering variance, bias, and mean square error criteria of estimates of parameters and quantiles, it is concluded that in general for the sample sizes analyzed 9≤N≤99 and nonexceedance probabilities in the range 0.90≤F≤0.99, the ML method is superior to the other six. However, the simpler methods may be as good depending on the sample size. The PWM2 is a good option to estimate the location and shape parameter, while MOM1 and MOM2 are an alternative when estimating the shape parameter. Thus, for estimating quantiles for N≤19 the MOM1, MOM2, and PWM2 method compares quite well with the ML method, while for N>19 the PWM2 shows a better performance...


At present,the extract of housefly(Musca domestica) larvae was studied by an agar well diffusion assay for detection of antimicrobial activity,treatment with protease K and capillary electrophoresis.The result indicated that the extract inhibited six tested bacterial pathogens and Escherichia coli Jm109,while Gram-positive bacteria was more sensitive than Gram-negative bacteria,and the induced group showed stronger activity than the non-induced group.The capillary electropgoresis showed that the induced group had 56 new peaks.It was concluded that the high antibacterial activity of the induced group might be mainly attributed to the inducible peptides,and the constitutive components such as lysozymes might be lesser contributor.


Because of its close sequence homology to immunoglobulin constant domains, the effect of β2-microglobulin (β2µ) on the expression of Fc receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) at 4°C with β2-microglobulin resulted in an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes expressing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (Fcγ) from 34% in untreated preparations to 54% in preparations incubated with 50 µg of β2µ/2 × 106 cells. As shown by the binding of 125I-labeled β2µ, the molecule was taken up by peripheral lymphocytes and was associated with those lymphocytes that expressed Fcγ receptors. β2µ treatment had no demonstrable effect on the expression of other lymphocyte markers—E, EAC, sIg. The increase in Fcγ receptor expression was observed on T cells. Removal of adherent cells had no effect on β2µ induced Fcγ receptor expression, but the increased Fcγ receptor expression was abrogated by treatment with rabbit anti-human β2µ F(ab′)2 fragments. These findings suggest that high concentrations of β2µ exert effects on lymphocyte surfaces that may have functional as well as structural consequences in regulation of the immune system.


Background CD39 expression is upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by high levels of extracellular ATP (eATP) and low pH. CD39 catalyzes the rate-limiting degradation step of this immunostimulatory ATP, leading to a rise in immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO). CD39 displays broad expression on endothelial cells and macrophages, which represents a significant peripheral sink for CD39 targeting antibodies. Our strategy aims to circumvent this problem through delivery of pH-selective anti-CD39 blocking antibodies that will achieve a high target occupancy in the tumor, maintaining eATP and inhibiting ADO generation to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
 Methods Anti-CD39 antibodies were generated through a yeast-based screening platform and characterized for efficacy of blocking CD39 activity. Cell lines (HEK293 stably overexpressing CD39, parental HEK293, CD39+ SK-MEL28, and CD39high ARH77) or soluble CD39 protein were incubated with candidate antibodies. CD39 enzymatic activity was determined using CellTiter Glo 2.0 assay (Promega) and EnzCheck Phosphate Assay (Thermo Fisher).
 Results Monovalent affinity of 83 candidate antibodies was measured; KDs ranged from 1 × 10−9 - 5 × 10−7M under both physiological (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 6.0) conditions. All 83 antibodies bound CD39-overexpressing HEK293 cells at pH 6.0; 76 bound CD39-overexpressing HEK293 cells at pH 7.4. We identified 30 antibodies (100 nM) that block CD39 activity on HEK293-CD39 cells (threshold: > 5% inhibition) under either pH 7.4 or pH 6.0 conditions. 26 antibodies inhibit CD39 activity at pH 7.4, whereas 22 antibodies block CD39 at pH 6.0. Among these 30 antibodies, ten (at 200 nM) inhibit CD39 activity on SK-MEL28 cells (moderate CD39 expression) at both pH 7.4 and pH 6.0; 5 of these preferentially inhibit CD39 at pH 6.0 (threshold: > 7.5% inhibition). The 30 antibodies selected above were tested on ARH77 cells (high CD39 expression). Among them, 16 antibodies inhibited CD39 enzymatic activity beyond 10% at pH 6.0 (maximal inhibition: 43%) and > 6.5% at pH 7.4 (maximal inhibition: 35%). All 16 suppressed soluble CD39 activity under both pH conditions. A set of 8 antibodies demonstrating higher efficacy of CD39 inhibition on both cell lines at pH 6.0 versus pH 7.4 were prioritized for lead optimization.
 Summary and conclusions A panel of 83 antibodies were identified and characterized for inhibition of CD39 enzymatic activity at neutral and acidic pH. The 8 most promising antibodies in terms of pH-selective CD39 binding and inhibition are currently undergoing lead optimization. This pH-dependent TME targeting strategy may alleviate undesirable properties of on-target/off-tumor binding such as target-mediated drug disposition (that results in suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties) and effectively bolster the specific blocking of CD39 in the local tumor environs.
 Citation Format: Aiping Bai, Elise Renahan, Kanam Malhotra, Thomas Thisted, F. Donelson Smith, Robert H Pierce, Edward H van der Horst. Identification of conditionally active antibodies that selectively block CD39 activity in the acidic tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4645.


Learning styles have been attracting the attention of many researchers in educational adaptive hypermedia. We define educational adaptive hypermedia as a learning system designed to tailor online presentations of content for individuals over time. The general approach is based on learning styles psychometric instruments to categorize students and adapt the system accordingly. However, the validity of such assessment instruments is questionable, which might compromise the whole adaptation process. We investigate a cyclical instructional design able to satisfy different learning styles. Observing individuals' interaction styles with this learning cycle revealed to us some hints on how to personalize lessons so that individual learning is improved.


Abstract A 360-km-long belt of more than 1,400 meter-sized granitic bedrock basins occurs at 1,200 to 2,500 m elevation on the west flank of the Sierra Nevada. The circular, smooth basins are 0.7 to 1.7 m in diameter and are commonly 50 to 1,000 liters in volume. They are man-made as shown by their restricted size and elevation range, uniform circular shape, distinct basin shapes in different cultural areas, and the presence of bedrock mortars at 80 percent of the basin sites. Moreover, the juxtaposition of a northern cluster of basins to the vicinity of a rare salt spring suggests that these basins were constructed to evaporate salt. Several basins contain an A.D. 1350 volcanic ash, indicating that some existed before the end of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA; A.D. 800-1350). The basin belt was more productive in terms of food sources during the MCA, and it is postulated that warmer, drier conditions promoted the construction of cisterns to contain fresh water in order to prolong the time of occupation of mountain camps in late summer. Construction of the granitic basins required enormous energy and produced one of the largest and better preserved sets of Native Californian features.


A large number of various precursors have been reported since the Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake (EQ) took place on 12 May 2008 in China. In this work, previous investigations of both ground-based electromagnetic (EM) parameters and spatial ionospheric parameters were first examined. The statistical results showed that various anomalies presented different time-scale variations but tended to be characterized by a common feature – reaching their climax on 9 May, three days before the Wenchuan event, which indicates a lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere (LAI) electromagnetic coupling. Second, the fluctuations on 9 May based on the observational ground-based ultra low frequency (ULF) electrical field at the Gaobeidian (GBD) station and the direct current/ultra low frequency (DC–ULF) geomagnetic vertical Z field at the Chengdu (CD) station were comparably analyzed with those of ionospheric disturbances reported previously. The results showed that distinct electromagnetic changes, geomagnetic "double low-point" phenomena, and ionospheric disturbances above both sides of the Earth started in turn, respectively, but reached their climax simultaneously within dozens of hours on 9 May. This evolutionary process increases the probability that electromagnetic energy propagates from the epicentral area, via the atmosphere and ionosphere, to the equatorial plane, and through this plane finally to its magnetically conjugated area in the opposite hemisphere, causing electromagnetic disturbances on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere, and in the ionosphere and its conjugate point, in that order.


The initiation and propagation of cracks in concrete structure are very complex and to some extent, and it is difficult to model it in a regular way. A model based on neural network, which is good at association and generalization, is proposed to study the relationship between the crack width and the applied load in partially prestressed concrete beams. The model is verified by some test results with satisfaction.


The constant and endless data storing on cloud has been persuaded speedily since past few years and this leaded to deal with storage problems on cloud. To overcome this problem, a popular deduplication technique is being used in the cloud which lessens to save a same copy of data multiple times which is referred to as data redundancy. But this technique, apart from reducing burden on cloud, has many flaws for data confidentiality and cloud service users privacy. This project addresses the problems of authorized data deduplication and deals with all those flaws, introducing the convergent encryption technique which encrypts the data better using hash values of each data content for privacy purposes. The project also present several new deduplication constructions supporting authorized duplicate check in a hybrid cloud architecture. The security purposes of data is fully accomplished in deduplication with this proposal. For the demonstration purposes, a prototype is implemented for the proposed authorized duplicate check scheme and conducts an experiment which proves the encryption proposal for data security. This can be performed on a very large scale which will validate it in a better manner. Index Terms Deduplication, Convergent encryption/decryption, Cloud computing, Cipher text, Differential authorization.


stitutions were offering graduate work in music education, yet only 171 of this total actually supplied specific titles of research completed and other information requested. Just a casual perusal of the list of 171 cooperating institutions recorded in Appendix F will reveal that several which are regarded as having quality graduate music education programs-either in their own estimation or in the opinion of other music educators-are missing. This is regrettable, because it obviously does diminish the value of this report from the standpoint of complete coverage, a fact which is not denied by the investigators. No doubt there are several research studies which would have been placed in the competent and relevant category had they been available. The onus for their omission lies


[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of chito-oligosaccharide on maize seed germination and seedlings growth. [Methods] Treating maize seed and seedling with different consistency of chito-oligosaccharide,the effect of chito-oligosaccharide on maize seed germination and seedlings growth was studied. [Results] The results showed that chito-oligosaccharide could improve the amylase activity of maize seed,increase the growth-rate of root and bud,stimulate the seed germination. And at the time,it could improve the chlorophyll of the plants and the root activity,and accelerate the rate of maize seedlings growth. Comparatively,the chito-oligosaccharide in concentrations of 0.1 μg/ml made the most obvious promotion effect. [Conclusion] Chito-oligosaccharide can make a promotion effect on maize seed germination and seedlings growth. The study can provide theoretical support for the applying of chito-oligosaccharide.


The very first sentence of the Editorial Policy of Interfaces says that this publication "is concerned with the operational problems of using management science and operations research." Further on in the same policy statement it is stated that "exemplary content" could include "items briefly reporting specific applications, such as a first time application of a particular algorithm in a given industry." It is our intent here to provide a brief case history, consistent with these concerns, of the application to criminal justice systems analysis and program evaluation of approaches very familiar to reliability engineers and biostatisticians, which turn out to provide much more powerful statistical tools for such assessments.