Large domes of crystalline, middle to deep crustal rocks of Asian provenance make the Pamir a unique part of the India‐Asia collision. Combined major‐element and trace element thermobarometry, pseudosections, garnet‐zoning deconstruction, and geochronology are used to assess the burial and exhumation history of five of these domes. All domes were buried and heated sufficiently to initiate garnet growth at depths of 15–20 km at 37–27 Ma. The Central Pamir was then heated at ~10–20°C/Myr and buried at 1–2 km/Myr to 600–675°C at depths of 25–35 km by 22–19 Ma. The Shakhdara Dome in the South Pamir was heated at ~20°C/Myr and buried at 2–8 km/Myr to reach 750–800°C at depths of ≥50 km by ~20 Ma. All domes were exhumed at >3 km/Myr to 5–10 km depths and ~300°C by 17–15 Ma. The pressures, temperatures, burial rates, and heating rates are typical of continental collision. Decompression during exhumation outpaced cooling, compatible with tectonic unroofing along mapped large‐scale, normal‐sense shear zones, and with advection of near‐solidus or suprasolidus temperatures into the upper crust, triggering exhumation‐related magmatism. The Shakhdara Dome was exhumed from greater depth than the Central Pamir domes perhaps due to its position farther in the hinterland of the Paleogene retrowedge and to higher heat input following Indian slab breakoff. The large‐scale thickening and coincident ~20 Ma switch to extension throughout a huge area encompassing the Pamir and Karakorum strengthens the idea that the evolution of orogenic plateaux is governed by catastrophic plate‐scale events.


Metallothioneins (MTs) are a superfamily of low‐molecular‐weight, cysteine (Cys)‐rich proteins that are believed to play important roles in protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress. Plants have several MT isoforms, which are classified into four types based on the arrangement of Cys residues. In this study, two rice (Oryza sativa) MT isoforms, OsMTI‐1b and OsMTII‐1a from type 1 and type 4, respectively, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as carboxy‐terminal extensions of glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST). Transformed cells expressing GST–OsMTI‐1b showed increased tolerance to Ni2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ and accumulated more metal ions compared with cells expressing GST alone. However, heterologous expression of GST–OsMTII‐1a had no significant effects on metal tolerance or ion accumulation. The UV absorption spectra and competitive reactions of in vitro Cd‐incubated proteins with 5‐5′‐dithiobis(2‐nitrobenzoic) acid revealed that GST–OsMTI‐1b, but not GST–OsMTII‐1a, is able to form Cd‐thiolate clusters. Furthermore, heterologous expression of both GST–OsMTI‐1b and GST–OsMTII‐1a conferred H2O2 tolerance to E. coli cells. Taken together, the results presented here show that two different rice MT isoforms belonging to type 1 and type 4 differ in Ni2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ binding abilities, but they may have overlapping function in protection of cells against oxidative stress.


A certain amount of planning invariably goes with every human activity. Whenever we make a decision or take an action, we do so in anticipation of certain consequences, some of which may be immediate and others distant. That is why St Augustine has described the future as a present expectation. On this view, planninz of some kind is a hallmark of all Iiunian activity, and in recent decades considerablc attention 113s been given to organize and systematize it and to make i t as efficient a means as possible in solving the cvcr-growing complexities of niodern life. Both the complexities and the new tools and techniques brought to bear on the study of foreign policy create conditions in which the planning of foreign policy becomes inevitable for each country. It is against the backdrop of this scenario that we venturc to offer the following suggestions which may be taken as of heuristic value, providing a sort of framework for discussion on the subject of foreign-policy planning in India. The difficulties with which the task of formulating foreign policy bristles has compelled policy-makers everywhere to draw on ihe knowledge of those who have specialized in matters which directly, and sometimes even indirectly, affcct foreign policy. Foreign policy is gradually emerging as a policy science-a science which seeks to "study the process of deciding or choosing". It may, therefore, be suggested 'that sporadic consultations that are now taking placc between the experts and the officials of the Ministry of External Affairs should bc given an institutional form. It is timc we thought of an E.vpcrt Advisory Con;mittcc consisting of twenty to thirty eminent experts drawn from such varied fields as science, technology, the social sciences, journalism, etc. Foreign-policy planning must take cognizance of thc reccnt trends and developlnents in all disciplines which affect society iq general and inter-state relations in particular. Sometimes we still notice the mistaken impression in certain quarters that it is only the social scientists that arc or ought to be concerned with foreign policy.


On the basis of game theory,this paper set up a signaling model of adverse selection about venture enterprise financing behavior.Under complete information and imcomplete information,the factors affecting venture capitalist's effort level were analyzed.As a result,improper property rights structure,imbalance of control rights and entrepreneur's lease acts are the main reasons of why venture capitalist's effort level is not high.The relevant suggestions were proposed to improve venture capitalist's effort level.


Mega-sporting events have significant environmental and social impacts. The 'greening' of the Olympic Games and the minimisation of the negative impacts has become an increasing priority of event organisers in the last decade. The aim of this paper is to expand the understanding of the environmental and social legacies of the Olympic Games by examining stakeholders' perspectives. The paper found that the bidding process is a crucial determinant of green legacies; embedding sustainability in the vision, mission and branding of organising committees is important; embedding sustainability in various aspects of Olympic Games organisation is an important practical application of a sustainability vision; and knowledge transferred from one Olympic Games to the next allows newer host cities to enhance green legacies.


In classical Boolean logic, data is represented as being either entirely true or entirely false. In most real world phenomena however, it is rare that en entity will be absolutely true or absolutely false. When designing a system, Boolean logic lacks the tools necessary to deal with this kind of uncertainty. Using fuzzy logic we were able to develop a system that is able to deal with uncertainty in a medical query environment. The system can retrieve information from a series of fuzzy relational databases to present probable solutions to a given query by the user. A brief introduction to fuzzy logic and problems involving information retrieval are also presented within this paper.


IN 2001, JEFF GORDINIER, A WRITER FOR ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY, spotted a trend among younger filmmakers working in Hollywood. He claimed that these filmmakers used a diversity of media forms available in consumer culture as a base to reconstruct how a story is told. Describing these filmmakers as the "Play Station Generation," after the popular video-game system created by Sony, Gordinier asserted that these directors "mess with narrative in new ways . . . mess with time, with space, with the laws of physics and the structure of story." He argued that filmmakers like the Wachowski Brothers, Spike lonze, and Paul Thomas Anderson "bring to their movies the cut-and-paste sensibility of video games and the Internet" (qtd. in Wood i). This is more than a postmodern narrative strategy whereby a media text absorbs aspects of competing leisure activities in an attempt to meld media forms and attract attention within a cluttered consumer culture. It is also a filmmaking process that promotes varying levels of involvement among viewers who have grown accustomed, in the contemporary entertainment environment, to more direct interaction than ever with texts. Video games and the Internet are interactive by their very nature, needing a consumer to continually engage with them through either a controller or mouse. The integration of these media with filmmaking practices has yet to find an adequate place within the academic study of contemporary entertainment. The effects of this integration between feature films and interactive media are best seen in the extras provided on DVDs. Besides the film text, DVDs often include commentary tracks by directors, stars, and other key creative personnel; behind-the-scenes documentaries; deleted scenes; and outtakes. Directors now are as involved in creating DVD features as they are in creating their films. Doug Wick, one of the producers of Ridley Scott's Gladiator (the top-selling DVD title in 2000, with over 3.5 million sold) described how the interactive aspects of the form work with the viewer: "DVD has just been another way to interest audiences, get them more excited about movies, give them more information, get them excited about the choices you make, about what scenes you put in and what scenes you don't" (qtd. in "DVDs"). To this end, the extras provide another marketing hook for the DVD itself, emphasizing the film as only one option in the entertainment package. In addition to offering a range of material, DVDs also permit the viewer to engage the material in any order he or she sees fit. For example, beginning in 2001 New Line Home Entertainment included the Infininlm mode on certain DVDs; pop-up menus throughout the film allow viewers to easily access the extras that correspond with particular scenes. As Matt Lasorsa, then the senior vice-president of marketing for New Line Home Entertainment, explained, lnfinifilm is designed for the people who have already seen the movie, who won't feel that the pop-ups are interruptions, jumping from the movie to a different area ___ Here's a more unique way to explore some of the themes while still giving them the choice of when they want to jump out of the movie. People who choose to view in the lnfinifilm mode are really seeing the added-value features in a non-linear way. (qtd. in "Building" 56) The features of DVDs integrate filmmaking with the more interactive aspects of new media (such as video games and the Internet) to such an extent that classical narrative definitions no longer apply. The multimedia aspects of this particular format foreground the question: What is the actual text? As the text becomes increasingly difficult to pinpoint within the multimedia approach to entertainment production, new media outlets such as the Internet provide a space to discuss how contemporary film may function in a venue that continually collapses advertising, entertainment, and information. In 2001, one of the most successful Internet film series to date merged these aspects seamlessly. …


Considering May as an abreviation of the historical time which concentrates lots of expeiriences in politics, this text tries to translate the past into present, in the benjaminian sense of celebration. To celebrate a date is to be born in each birthday. It is intended to show true mutations of colective imaginary which doesn't know the transcendency of the power and the efficiency of its laws. This movement was neither guided by the set of ideas of "a show society" or its laws. Gathering together the politician and the politician, it assured the truth of the desire. Whereas it is understood as insurration, rebelion or revolution, it can be said to be a "reharsal " of the revolution , which using no violence, generous culture of cosmopolitism , and intencionalism, has indicated the way from the "scientific socialism ' to the socialism which was possible to be stablished, the Utopic. This text also reflects about some revolutionary icons and their new meanings , setting the difference between the mythical hero and the historical hero, between Lenin or Trotsky, Rosa Luxemburgo or Fidel and the myth Guevara.


The books under review are all contributions to the social history of pre-colonial and colonial Central Asia, but they cannot easily be compared. Their source basis and their approaches are quite different, and so is their regional and partly temporal focus, from the eighteenth until the middle of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, a number of questions emerge, subjects about which all or most of them have something to say, among them the creation of a 'colonial' society, the boundaries that typically go with such a society, and also the ways borders were crossed; landholding patterns and in general the way the colonizers tried to get something out of the colony; and the question of how we can make progress in understanding the social history of colonial Central Asia. The article will address these questions in turn, but will also make comments on the individual books. The contribution by William Wood stands out quite clearly. It is not a study so much as a publication of a number of documents, in facsimile together with an edition and a translation into English. The documents stem from the eighteenth century which is an additional reason to publish them since so few sources for this period are available, and they all concern one family of saiyids who enjoyed tarkhan status, that is, a number of fiscal and legal privileges. Six of the documents are in Turki, the last two in Persian; this cannot be easily explained. It is known that the Khivan chancery conducted its work in Turki.


Soon after the discovery of the collaboration between thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes in the development of humoral immune responses (Claman et al. 1966, Davies et al. 1966, Mitchell & Miller 1968), it was found that a soluble mediator generated in a mixed lymphocyte culture {MLC) could have profund effects on in vitro antibody responses to T-dependent antigens (Dutton et al, 1971), In the subsequent 9-year period there have been numerous reports about the ability of antigen-nonspecific soluble mediators, derived mostly by alloantigen or mitogen stimulation of T cells, as well as antigen-specific factors, to replace the normal requirement for carrier-specific helper T cells in antibody responses (reviewed in Katz 1977),


Currently, studying the role of microbiome in the realization of antiviral mechanisms is a relevant issue, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that microbiome disrupts the life cycle of viruses in the human organism cells at different stages and stimulates both innate and specific immune response. Such factors as delivery by cesarean section, artificial feeding of a child, early use of antibacterial agents, age-related changes lead to the development of dysbiosis, which increases the body's susceptibility to viral infections. A positive role of probiotics use is observed in a range of viral infections, including HIV, HPV infection, viral hepatitis, respiratory infections and a number of other diseases.


As indicative of the iron status during the early anemia of prematurity, transferrin, iron, and ferritin levels of plasma were followed in infants with birth weight less than 1500 g. Ceruloplasmin, thought to act as ferroxidase, was also studied. Oral iron therapy was started at the age of four weeks.Transferrin concentration rose steadily from a mean value of 1.58 g/1 at 1 week of age to 2.17 g/1 at 8 weeks of age. Plasma iron concentration at 1 week of age was 15.6 ± 5.5 umol/1 and did not change significantly during the 8 week period. Ferritin in cord blood of full term infants was within the range of normal adult males, while the levels in cord blood from 10 infants with birth weight less than 2000 g were lower. Ferritin levels during the course of the early anemia will be discussed. Ceruloplasmin showed a more variable course than transferrin, but after 4 weeks a progressive rise occured. Mean value at 1 week of age was 0.11 g/1, at 6 weeks 0.13 g/1, and 0.15 g/1 at 8 weeks.The plasma iron levels observed are within the normal range for full term infants. However, whether they provide suffient available iron for the accelerated erythropoiesis of this period is unclear. The progressive rise in transferrin suggests that in this period the level more reflects the increase in general protein synthesizing capacity than the iron status. Ferritin concentration, on the other hand, seems to reflect iron stores.


Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of PCOS sterility by combination treatment of Chinese traditional and west-ern medieine.Methods: 2 groups have been set up,37 patients in one group were treated by western medicine while 63 patients inanother group were treated by chinese traditional and western medicine.Results: The pregnancy rate are accordingly 66.67%and29.73%,the difference is significant.Conclusion: Using combinatmg treatment of chinese traditional and western medicine can in-creae the rate of pregnancy.


Susheel Chhabra is an Associate Professor of Information Technology at Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management (Delhi, India) and is also acting The Head-MCA. His areas of research and consultancy include e-government, e-business, computer networks, and software engineering. He has published several research papers on international and national level journals. He has co-authored a textbook on human resource information systems, edited a special issue of International Journal of E-Government Research on strategic e-business model for government, and also co-authored the edited book Integrating E-Business Models for Government Solutions: Citizen-Centric Service Oriented Methodologies and Processes (IGI Global, USA). He is currently engaged in several consultancy and training assignments on social change for human development, e-governance, e-business, and ERP for ISID, NTPC, LBSRC, etc. Susheel Chhabra (Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, Delhi, India)


RTW(Real-Time Workshop)and RTX(Real-Time Extensin-subsystem)were introduced.The real time computer simulation system of three-axis turntable based on RTW and RTX was researched.The hardware-in-the-loop simulation test for three-axis turntable was realized.


Primary care physicians increasingly recognized sinusitis as a cause of chronic respiratory symptoms in children. The usual symptoms are nasal congestion, nasal discharge, and cough. Asthmatic children are also more likely to experience bronchospasm after the onset of sinusitis (1). When sinus symptoms persist or recur during several months, radiographic evaluation is indicated to detect underlying anatomic abnormalities. Imaging is also used to evaluate suspected orbital or intracranial complications of sinus disease.


A recent trend in transport demand modeling with a focus on potential users emphasizes the understanding on the human decision-making process. Among various theories about the process, loyalty-based theory has the closest relationship with the concept of potential users. However, conventional loyalty frameworks are insufficient for demand modeling. To address the issue, the present study proposed a psychological demand model based on a loyalty framework considering both service-quality-related and non-service-quality-related factors. The proposed model is able to quantify potential users and to measure maximum values of bus patronage respect to different service scenarios. Based on the proposed model, an increase of 18.05% on the group of car drivers could be expected to be at the highest priority for pushing up bus patronage in term of improving service quality. In contrast, a little increase was found on the group of non-car drivers with only 3.81% even if an ideal service was provided.


Effects on the slow light properties of the photonic crystal line-defect waveguide are researched for designing photonic crystal structure with excellent slow light properties. Through changing the position and the size of the defected rods,the frequency and group velocity of the guided mode and the group velocity dispersion are analyzed with plane-wave expansion ( PWE) method. Analysis indicates that the group velocity of the slow light is mainly affected by the radii and dielectric constant of the defected rods, and the group velocity dispersion is decided by the change of the defected rods'location. The photonic crystal structures with excellent slow light properties can be achieved through designing the waveguide based on the conclusion.


HL-2M is a medium-sized copper-conductor tokamak under construction at the Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP). The designed plasma parameters of HL-2M are as follows, plasma current=2.5 MA, toroidal field = 2.2 T, major radius =1.78 m, minor radius = 0.65 m, flux-swing > 14 Vs, plasma pulse ~ 5 s, with a plasma shape of elongation = 2 and triagularity > 0.5. HL-2M coil system is to drive, shape and confine plasma. It includes poloidal field (PF) coils and toroidal field coils (TFC). HL-2M takes advantage of a demountable TFC to facilitate assembly of components inside TFC, resulting in flexibility for experiment and operation and good accessibility to plasma for plasma heating, diagnostic and control. The design and development of the coils are presented.


: Currently, all things being equal, the educational service quality is the determining factor in the choice of an educational institution for training. On the part of direct users (the students), the quality of educational services is evaluated on the basis of the subjective assessment and individual perception changing over time. This assessment depends as well on the degree of conformity of the results of education to the expectations of an applicant for admission. Moreover, these expectations of the students are formed in the period of such services promotion by the educational institutions. The conclusions of graduates about the quality of the educational service will be positive if the results of the study meet the expectations (or they are higher), or negative in the case the results are lower than their expectations. The paper presents the results of the empirical research on the issues of the compliance of the educational service pro-vided to the expectations of applicants for admission. The authors determined the degree of compliance based on the empirical studies carried out in the Institute of Design and Technologies of FSBEI of Higher Education "Omsk State Tec h-nical University". The degree of compliance of the service results to the expectations of graduates was evaluated according to the following scale: "the results are beyond expectations"; "completely comply" (the


As we are all set to sign-off the calendar year 2010, in this report we have made one more effort to see how much scale the Indian markets have attained over past decade.Indian capital markets had eventful and exciting times during the past decade. Considering the growing stature of India on the global front, one can expect that the coming decade will also be equally fruitful for India.


We are currently observing an attempt toward forming the European Economic and Monetary Union, to be planned to be finished at the end of the year 1999After completing more or less the economic union, the next task is to create not only the economic one, but also a monetary one. To enable the functioning of this dual union some minimal European federal state will be required. In order "to design" such a minimal European Federal State (or Union) this paper investigates whether the federal and political structures of European democratic states can serve as a model for such a task. As Europe includes a number of representative democracies (like Germany, Austria or Belgium), and only one direct democracy (Switzerland), this paper examines whether one could use some elements of the political and federal structures of either a representative democracy or of a direct democracy in order to construct such a minimal European Federal Union. As it is quite unlikely (or unrealistic) that a


Laboratory studies revealed Leucinodes orbonalis completed its life cycle in 35.27 days. Mating took place on the same or next day after emergence. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, incubation, larval and pupal periods were sound to be 1.35, 2.01, 2.98, 16.32 and 8.01 days, respectively. Female laid 170 eggs. There were five instars. The longevity of male and female was 3.50 and 5.70 days.


The effect of multi-step solution treatment system on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-5.8Zn-2.0Mg-2.0Cu aluminum alloy extrusions have been investigated by electrical conductivity,exfoliation-corrosion resistance,and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that to adding a multi-step solution treatment with higher temperature on basis of conventional solution treatment temperature can increase mechanical properties of the extrusions and the electrical conductivity being reduced a little,but the exfoliation-corrosion resistance and microstructure of the extrusions being changed lightly.In addition,there are massive coarse S phases distributed,except for dispersively distributed ZrAl3 phases in the extrusions.


The historical identity of the נכריה/אשה זרה in Proverbs 7 has been a vexing quandary in modern biblical scholarship. Although many proposals have been offered, there is, as of yet, no critical consensus. My aim is not to settle the matter once and for all, but to approach the problem from a different angle. This article offers a fresh reading of Proverbs 7.1-27 in order to shift attention away from who the Foreign Woman might be historically to how her foreignness is constructed ideologically. Specifically, the argument draws on kinesthetic theory to reexamine the pedagogical use of sensory data to enhance persuasion. As we shall see, the father deploys a visceral narrative that transmits the ethnicized and gendered otherness of the Foreign Woman in sensory fashion (e.g. aural, gustative, tactile, visual, olfactory). This pedagogical tactic functions as a strategic form of kinesthetic empathy that subconsciously inscribes social and religious boundary markers in the sensorium. In this way, the father's instruction encodes an ethnic sensory that is neurologically wired, so to speak, to perceive Lady Wisdom as more appealing than the seductions of the Foreign Woman. By drawing attention to the didactic strategy of shaping wisdom in the sensorium, this kinesthetic reading highlights the critical role of sensory perception in mediating ideologies of difference.


We discuss the scattering of electrons and holes by charged dopant impurities in ⟨001⟩,⟨110⟩, and ⟨111⟩ gate-all-around silicon nanowires (Si NWs) with diameters in the 2-8 nm range. We show that the mobility of minority carriers follows simple trends resulting from band-structure effects. In the inversion mode, the ⟨110⟩ and ⟨001⟩ [respectively, ⟨111⟩ and ⟨110⟩] Si NWs are the best n-type [resp. p-type] channels. The choice of a high-κ gate oxide is critical to achieve large mobilities in ultimate Si NWs. The mobility of majority carriers is found to increase with decreasing NW diameter and is more weakly dependent on the orientation. We also discuss the variability of single impurity resistances as a function of the structural parameters and nature of the carriers.


Objective To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics and diagnostic criteria of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Methods Clinical data,pathomorphology and immunohistochemical staining of one patient with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma were observed,and its diagnosis and differential diagnosis combined with literature were also analyzed. Results Microscopic examination showed that the tumor cells were trabecular and micro-glandular arrangement by biopsy; tumor cells were round or polygonal,and cytoplasm was rich,eosinophilic and granular,and some parts were vesicular,nuclei were mostly located in the base and round and oval; a large number of eosinophils were found in the interstitial infiltrating,rich eosinophilic granules were also found in their cytoplasm,and nuclei were slightly atypia.Immunohistochemical staining showed that tumor cells were Cg A(-),Ki-67( index about 15%) and Syn(-). Conclusion Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is rare. To avoid misdiagnosis it is essential to enhance awareness.


Abstract Most useful plastics and rubber products are mixtures of pure polymers or copolymers with a variety of additives such as pigments, stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, crosslinking agents, fillers, reinforcing agents, plasticizers, foaming agents, etc. Moreover, much attention is being placed recently on the preparation of blends of polymers, leading to products of unique properties. The distribution of additives into the polymeric matrix and the detailed topological structure of the blends depend on the nature of the mixing mechanisms, hence they are intimately related to the mixing equipment configuration and mixing operating conditions. It is convenient to distinguish between two mixing mechanisms extensive and intensive or dispersive. The former, in the very viscous polymeric systems, is achieved by and large by convection. It may either be distributive or laminar. Distributive mixing may involve an ordered or random rearrangement process. Laminar mixing is achieved by imposing on the...


The emergence and the disappearance of monumental and richly equipped burial places with wagons, valuable drinking equipment and weapons in the Western European Iron Age is generally interpreted as being caused by fluctuations in socio-political organisation. In this study the starting point is that grave data do not reflect the social structure, but that goods and the contexts in which they are used play an active role in the lives of the members of non-modern societies. The instrumentality of mortuary rituals in the dynamics of social processes partly determines the archaeological visibility of burial places. By means of an extensive dataset of all elite graves, including sword graves, in the Marne-Moselle zone between 500 and 250 BC, the changes in burial practices during the Late-Hallstatt and the Early-La Tene periods are established. These developments are related to the transformation of the society through the emergence of the institutionalisation of social and territorial rights linked to families integrated in clientele networks. "


The invention relates to the field of environmental protection desulfurization, and provides an automatic dosage device for wet flue gas desulfurization waste water drug and an automatic dosage method. The automatic dosage device comprises a powder drug bin or a solvent drug tank and a reaction device, and is characterized in that drug proportioning metering tanks are arranged between the powder drug bin or the solvent drug tank and the reaction device; and weighting modules are arranged below the drug proportioning metering tanks, and are connected with a control system. The weighting modules are adopted in the operation process, the measuring precision of the system is very high, the measuring accuracy rate is increased, data is measured without contact between a meter and waste water, and corrosion and damages to the instrumentations are greatly reduced.


The effectiveness of backwashing of granular media filters is directly related to the ability of the backwash system to provide abrasion and/or collisions between individual media grains. During these interactions the grain surfaces may slip and slide at their contact points actively removing attached particles. Two-phase, water fluidized, backwash systems provide only hydrodynamic shear mechanisms for particle removal. Alternately, threephase systems utilizing simultaneous air scour and subfluidization water backwash provide the abrasion mechanism for aggressive particle detachment. Cleaning is significantly improved over particulate fluidization. A condition can be induced in a fixed bed subjected to specific backwash flow combi nations of simultaneous air and water in which the bed behavior is characterized by the formation and collapse of air cavities throughout its depth. This phenomenon, termed Collapse-Pulsing, maximizes the probability of abrasion/collisions between the grains imply ing optimum particle detachment. An original equation has been developed to predict Collapse-Pulsing behavior by equating the air pressure inside the cavity with the soil stresses in an active Rankine state plus the pore water pressure. Hence, the objectives of this research were: (I) to determine the combination(s) of air and simultaneous sub fluidization water flows which optimize particle detachment in a granular media filter, (2) to experi mentally validate or nullify the implication that Collapse-Pulsing behavior is accompanied by optimized particle detachment, and (3) to establish design guidelines for filter backwash ing which can be applied to improve Alter performance. Fifty pilot-scale studies were conducted on a small-scale filtration plant. Alum sol sus pensions composed of uniformly distributed I .O-^m particles were prepared by hydrother mal aging. A predetermined quantity of particles in one liter of influent were attached to glass beads of d90 size equal to 0.78-mm during gravity filtration. Subsequently, the filter was backwashed utilizing water flows from 20 to 225 percent of minimum fluidization with simultaneous air flows ranging from 3.44 to 7.39 scfm/ft2. The three-phase backwash was followed by fluidization at 30-percent expansion with water alone. The backwash water was collected and analyzed to determine particle removal. Particles were sized and counted using a Bausch and Lomb Omnimet Image Analyzer and a Hach Turbidimeter. The results of the experimental investigation indicate: (I) Flow combinations pro moting Collapse-Pulsing behavior in a granular media filter provide the optimum condi tion for particle detachment by abrasion. (2) The fundamental theoretical equation devel oped to predict Collapse-Pulsing is also valid in predicting optimum particle detachment, i.e., optimum cleaning in a granular media filter. It can, therefore, be applied during design to improve filter performance. (3) The theory is applicable for air flowrates greater than approximately 4.0 scfm/ft2 and seems to have a lower boundary of application.


The motor protein kinesin spindle protein (KSP, also known as Eg5) plays a critical role in the establishment of the mitotic spindle. KSP is essential for the proper separation of spindle poles during mitosis and inhibition results in mitotic arrest and the formation of characteristic monoaster spindles. Prolonged mitotic arrest leads to apoptosis in tumor cells and tumor growth inhibition in xenograft mouse tumor models. Kinesin inhibitors are expected to be general antiproliferative agents effective in most cancers currently treated with anti‐microtubule agents. Several distinct classes of KSP inhibitors have been described previously in the public and patent literature; those that have been characterized as to mechanism of inhibition share a common induced‐fit allosteric binding site. In a high‐throughput screen for inhibitors of KSP, a novel class of thiazole‐containing inhibitors was identified. Unlike the previously described allosteric KSP inhibitors, the thiazoles described here show ATP competitive kinetic behavior and are presumed to bind within the nucleotide binding pocket. Although they bind to a pocket that is highly conserved across kinesins, these molecules exhibit significant selectivity for KSP over other kinesins and other ATP utilizing enzymes. Several of these compounds are active in cells and produce a phenotype similar to that observed with previously published allosteric inhibitors of KSP.


In this paper an equation relating the response time of a voltage divider to its resistance and unshielded ground capacitance is presented. It is shown that, in general, the response time is a product of the HV column resistance, its unshielded ground capacitance and a parameter which is a function of the per unit HV resistance, the per unit ground capacitance and the initial and final potential distributions. A method for the determination of this parameter is presented. To demonstrate the applicability of the derived equation, results of calculations and measurements on actual dividers are presented.


Carbon nano-tubes(CNTS) /AM60 composite was fabricated by stirring casting technology.High-temperature tensile properties of CNTS / AM60 composite were tested.The effect law of pure and nickel plating carbon nano-tubes on the mechanical properties of the AM60 alloy was studied.The fracture morphologies were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope.The results show that the CNTs can strengthen tensile properties of AM60 alloy.The nickel plating CNTs have a better function in strengthening effect.The maximum of tensile strength and elongation is 121.11MPa,9.52% respectively.With the addition of CNTs,the softening of Al12Mg17 phase is limited,grains and grain boundary are strengthened;the strong interface bonding with matrix is formed,which laps between the prisms.


Usually tumors are treated with a fractionated course of irradiation that allows cell proliferation to occur during the intervals between successive fractions of the radiation dose. How well is the number of clonogens surviving such a regimen of radiotherapy described by a Poisson distribution? The problem was posed exactly in this formulation by Tucker et al. (1). I think this is a very interesting and potentially important paper, because until it was published there had been no doubt that the Poisson statistic is appropriate for the description of the number of clonogens in treated tumors (2-6). To highlight the problem formulated above, the authors conducted computer simulations. To describe briefly the design of their study, we will use the following notation: No = initial number of clonogens (assumed to be nonrandom); p = probability of clonogen survival after one fraction of the radiation dose; n = total number of dose fractions separated by equal intervals; a = probability of cell division during the interval between two successive fractions. Tucker et al. proceeded from the assumption that the probability p is the same for all clonogenic cells and for each fractional dose, and that it is also independent of the radiation dose given before. The same was assumed for the division probability a. The asynchronous transition of cells to the proliferative state and the temporal organization of the mitotic cycle were disregarded in the simple version of the model used by Tucker et al. In other words, cell proliferation activity was determined solely by the value of a. No significant discrepancies were observed when the results were compared with those obtained using a more complicated model in which an age-dependent probability of cell division was taken into account. Therefore, we will dwell on the first part of this simulation study. A large number of tumors, each containing the same initial number, No, of clonogenic cells, were simulated; the regimen of fractionated irradiation was uniform, i.e., D, = D2 = ... = D,. A typical output of these simulations was the frequency of tumor cure as a function of the total dose given in equal fractions. In the first series of simulation exp riments, studying the case where a = 0 (no cell proliferation during treatment), the authors observed an excellent agreement with the predictions based on Poisson distribution. We shall show that this result is, in fact, a general one and can be obtained easily without computer assistance. In what follows we shall use the methods and terminology of the theory of branching stochastic processes. A reader who is not familiar with the fundamentals of this theory is referred to Chapter 2 of the book by Jagers (7) or Chapter 1 of the book by Yakovlev and Yanev (8). Let Z, be he number of clonogens surviving t successive fractions of radiation dose. The random variable z, may be thought of as a Galton-Watson branching process with probabilitygenerating function 4(s) for the number of offspring in every generation t. The function 4(s) is also called the reproduction-generating function. If we proceed from the same assumptions as those used in the simulation model, the reproduction-generating function for t = 1, ., n is specified by the following expression:


Background The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) and cell surface receptor, Tyrosine Kinase Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2), have emerged as the most important molecular biomarkers determining the breast cancer prognosis. In this study, interactions between ER and HER2 were assessed to determine if they modulate tumor characteristics. Materials and Methods Tissue samples from 120 patients with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed to evaluate ER and HER2 status quantified by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the correlation of ER and HER2 with patient characteristics and tumor pathology was studied. Results A total of 37(30.8%) and 80(66.6%) out of 120 samples were HER2 (3+ by immunohistochemistry or positive by fluorescent in situ hybridization) and ER positive (by immunohistochemistry), respectively. ER-negative tumors were significantly more likely to be HER-2 positive than were ER-positive tumors (21.25%; odds ratio, 0.270; 95% CI, 0.119 to 0.612; P = 0.002). ER positivity was associated with <2 cm tumor size and higher histological grade (P = 0.007 and 0.019, respectively). No significant correlation was seen between the co-expression of HER2 and ER and tumor characteristics. Conclusion HER2 positive tumors were less common compared to ER positive tumors in early stage breast cancer Iranian patients. Also, higher histological grade among ER negative tumors showed higher aggressiveness of the tumor. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effect of receptor status on prognosis.


At high pressures and temperatures, new polymorphic modifications of the compounds RcuA1 and RNiA1 are produced, which crystallize in the C15 and C14 structural a types of the Laves phase. The formation of these compounds is associated with the changes in the electronic states of copper and nickel ions in alloys, taking place as a result of the action of high pressure.


This paper makes a comprehensive comparison of the efficiencies of vectorized implementations of Kummer lines and Montgomery curves at various security levels. For the comparison, nine Kummer lines are considered, out of which eight are new, and new assembly implementations of all nine Kummer lines have been made. Seven previously proposed Montgomery curves are considered and new vectorized assembly implementations have been made for three of them. Our comparisons show that for all security levels, Kummer lines are consistently faster than Montgomery curves, though the speed-up gap is not much.


The present invention relates to a system for controlling the vehicle stability, the system is essentially a means and μ Values (G


This paper analyzes special criminal offences of environment endangering through national and international legislation. How social aspect is important in criminal law because of prevention of injury, legislator predicted provision of effective regret if person acts as individual perpetrator or as part of criminal organization. That is key reason why paper analyzes effective regret prescribed in Criminal Code of Croatia in Special part (Head protecting environment and Head protecting public order). Mostly, environment will be injured by act of individual, but nowadays, environment is valuable resource that enables to gain large profit and as such is aim of criminal organizations. Legislator punishes mostly stadium of environment endangering, so paper reflects nature of provisions against environment on possibility of effective regret (instrument of stopping injury of legal good (material completion of criminal offence against environment)). Paper analyzes also UN Palermo Convention and EU Framework Decision against organized crime, specially provisions about conspiracy (when exists no criminal organization) and criminal organization and on end their comparison with legislation of Croatia. De lege ferenda is noted that Framework Decision must incriminate conspiracy established for only one criminal offence, and not for only two or more, because one criminal offence can have characteristics of organized crime as well. Paper concludes that it is necessary to predict effective regret by more criminal offences of environment endangering because it represents best way of legal good protection. If person acts as part of criminal organization, it should be sufficient that content of effective regret presents certainly prevention of commission of criminal offence without disclosure of criminal organization because protection of legal good (environment) should have an advantage over punishment of perpetrator.


Sequential viewing of two orthogonally related patterns produces an afterimage of the first pattern (Vidyasagar et al, 1999 Nature 399 422 – 423; Francis and Rothmayer, 2003 Perception & Psychophysics 65 508 – 522). We investigated how the timing between the first stimulus (a vertical bar grating) and the second stimulus (a horizontal bar grating) affected the visibility of the afterimage (a perceived vertical grating). As the duration from offset of the first stimulus increased, reports of afterimages decreased. Holding fixed the total time from offset of the first stimulus and increasing the duration from offset of the second stimulus while decreasing the time between the first and second stimuli, caused a decrease in afterimage reports. We interpret this finding in terms of Grossberg's BCS – FCS (boundary contour system – feature contour system) theory. In this theory, the afterimage percept is the result of color complement after-responses in the FCS system interacting with orientation after-responses in the BCS system. The two types of after-responses interact at a stage of neural filling-in to produce the afterimage percept. As the duration between the stimuli increases, the color after-responses weaken so that visible filling-in is less likely to occur. A similar effect occurs for the orientation after-responses but at a faster time scale. Simulations of the model match the experimental data.


This study presents a multi-satellite remote sensing approach to understand long term storage changes in over six thousand reservoirs around the world. The authors combine well-established remote sensing based reservoir monitoring techniques to build monthly time series of storage variations. These variations are then synthesized with streamflow to provide insight into long term trends. This is an important study that pushes the boundaries of our understanding of global reservoir storage variations and explores possible drivers of the observed changes. However, I have two major concerns and several minor concerns that should be addressed before publication.


This paper aims at finding practical strategies for designing sustainable high-rise apartment buildings in Ho Chi Minh City responding to varied municipal issues. Two steps are made. Step-1 identifies the critical issues of Ho Chi Minh City which are associated with high-rise apartment building projects. Step-2 finds potential and applicable strategies which are solutions for the critical issues in Step-1 with reference of seven selected assessment methods. The study finds the set of 58 strategies applicable to designing sustainable high-rise apartment buildings in Ho Chi Minh City.


General algorithms are given to resolve the "GPS FIX", using vectorial procedures to transform coordinates from a local geodetic system to the WGS 84 system, with geodetic accuracy. The theory is based on the "invariance", in different geodetic systems, of the spatial distance or slope distance, that GPS receivers give with centimetric precision. The following method employs rectangular ellipsoidic coordinates (X,Y,Z) and their respective variations (ΔX,ΔY and ΔZ).


Spacecraft of the Mariner class have been used by the United States during the past 11 years for planetary exploration. During these missions, the solar array performance characteristics were carefully monitored, and the data were reduced and analyzed. In addition to the direct array telemetry itself, the five latest Mariners were also equipped with a special transducer to aid in evaluating performance and determining the cause of array degradation. This paper describes the performance results of the Mariner solar arrays and the intelligence returned from the special performance transducer carrier on the later flights.


Construction projects encounter myriad problems, some of which may be connected to the project delivery model. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is an approach that removes the gap between the planning and construction stages of a project. Various barriers to implementation exist within the construction industry, and these can be resolved by effective solutions. Identifying and classifying these solutions is considered essential for successful project delivery. In this context, this study aims to illustrate and classify the solutions that have been proposed since the introduction of IPD as a new approach for the implementation of construction projects. In this study, a metasynthesis approach has been used as a qualitative method, and pattern and descriptive coding and analysis have been used to analyze the data. The solutions analyzed in the meta-synthesis suggest that all stakeholders—including designers, construction engineers, construction team members, and operation and maintenance team members—each have the same responsibility to improve IPD and meet the project goals. This study is significant because it suggests important resolutions to the barriers to IPD implementation and may help construction industry stakeholders better facilitate IPD and enhance clauses of their contracts.


This volume is the most authoritative and up-to-date reference on the lumbar spine, providing a nice balance between basic science and clinical material. Topics covered include gene therapy, outcomes assessment, and alternatives to traditional nonoperative treatment. Chapters on specific disorders have a consistent structure: definition, natural history, physical examination, imaging, nonoperative treatment, operative treatment, postoperative management, results of surgery, and complications. Additional topics include:


Aim. To carry out morphological analysis of the changes in diameter of fetal and adult intraorgan microvessels of the lower third of esophagus. Materials and methods. Anatomical and histological methods were used to reveal the components of hemomicrocirculatory canal. The lower third of esophagus was studied in 18 human fetuses in the terms of 13, 23, 26, 32, 36 weeks of development, in 7 dead adults aged 41 to 50 years, who did not suffer from esophageal and hepatic diseases in the course of life. Results. Reliable age changes in external diameter of human esophageal arteries, veins, arterioles, capillaries, postcapillaries and venules using nonparametric statistical methods were detected. Conclusions. In dynamics of prenatal development, there occur unequal changes in capillary diameter: increase during the week 23 of gestation (up to 4,98 ± 0,11 mcm, p = 0,005), decrease beginning from the weeks 26 to 32 (4,07 ± 0,14 mcm, p = 0,000) and rise by the week 36 (5,40 ± 0,17 mcm, p = 0,000). Diameter of capillaries of the lower third of esophagus in adults is 9,43 ± 0,24 mcm ( p = 0,000).


Purpose
Seniors are nowadays at the core of important reflections to understand both how to ensure them a proper quality of life and better recognize their social role, providing them services and proper health care to value them as persons and resources. This paper aims to find a through definition about who is a senior, in the author's opinion the starting point to help them flourishing.

Design/methodology/approach
As an example of definitions, an online dictionary and two geriatric text-books are quoted, highlighting qualities and rights referred to seniors especially in the delicate context of the health-care system.

Findings
The lack of a commonly shared perspective on this delicate kind of patient entails the difficulty to reach a coherent and satisfying definition about who a senior is.

Originality/value
The lack of a commonly shared definition leads to inevitable misunderstandings and could explain the arduousness of considering seniors in all their aspects. Further investigations are suggested.


Bronchoalveolar stem cells(BASCs)were isolated from the initial phase of non-small cell lung cancer mouse model.It was also found that A549 lung cancer cell line Holoclone cloning colony exist continuous self-renewal of cancer stem cells,the CD24+IDF-1R-cell in human lung adenocarcinoma is BASCs carcinoma stem cells.Many scientists pointed that CD133 molecule and ABCG2 can be used as sorting cell lung cancer stem cell surface markers,BMI-1 gene over-expression may be related to lung cancer stem cell proliferation.Lung cancer stem cells were also found in SP cells.This paper will review lung cancer stem cells and the related research


This study aimed to analyze the rate of force development of upper and lower limbs by means of maximum isometric effort in older women practitioners of physical activity. The sample consisted of 22 women (68.9 ± 6.3 years). Three attempts of maximum isometric effort were performed of the handgrip and knee extension, and the curve with the maximum strength in each test selected for analysis, using an algorithm developed in Matlab® language. The parameters identified were: maximum force, time required to achieve the strength, maximum rate of force development and rates related to the time intervals of 0-50, 0-100, 0-150, 0-200 and 0-250 ms. To verify the possible differences between the variables related to upper and lower limbs was applied Student's t test for dependent samples for data with normal distribution, while for those who violated this condition was applied the Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was p < .05. The results of this study show similar values of variables related to strength development for both members, but the data suggest a more pronounced decline in the lower limbs due to the aging process.


Item banks, large sets of test items, can be used for the construction of achievement tests. Mathematical programming models have been proposed for the selection of items from an item bank for a test. These models make automated test construction possible. However, to find an optimal or even an approximate optimal solution to a test construction model can be time consuming. This paper shows how test construction models, and in particular the Maximin Model, are solvable by the program MPSX/370 V2. This program offers the user several implementations of the branch-and-bound method, which can be used for solving test construction models. Several implementations are compared. The results show that test construction models are solvable in a practical amount of time if the user applies the options offered by the program in an intelligent way. An appendix describes the Extended Control Language (ECL) computer program.


PURPOSE
To describe and analyse the cost of cataract surgery in four community-run eye clinics in Sweden and also to analyse differences in cost between these clinics.

METHODS
The average cost of a cataract surgery episode was calculated including one pre-operative visit, the surgery itself and the post-operative visits. Included in the analysis were the costs of disposables, personnel, rent, depreciation, general anaesthesia, bed days and education. Excluded were the costs of complications and overhead costs.

RESULTS
The average cost for one cataract surgery episode was 5052/6915 SEK (1 Euro = 8.57 SEK) with a variation from 4436/6202 to 6130/8293 between the clinics. The lower sum represents a minimum cost of personnel, the higher sum a maximum cost.

CONCLUSION
A large variation in costs of cataract surgery was found in four providers of cataract surgery. Nearly all clinics studied had one or more areas with much higher costs than average.


Speaking for ancient residential architecture in northwest China, the finely carved and distinctive architectural sparrow brace in Qingcheng Ancient Town vividly and intuitively demonstrated the historical changes of the Ferry Crossing of the Yellow River. This paper explored the 3D digital modeling methods of different types of sparrow brace. Besides, on the strength of referring to the data, photos and online literature obtained in the field, "3ds Max" modeling platform and "Unity 3D" interactive platform were used to digitally restore the sparrow brace in a realistic and detailed way. The project will find a new path for better digital preservation and revitalization of ancient buildings, and expand the horizon of innovative inheritance of traditional residential architecture.


The literature on mentorship is briefly reviewed, revealing that many studies have documented the functions that mentors provide to proteges, including vocational and psychosocial support. This study investigates the link between these functions and the career mobility outcomes of proteges. Results from a random sample of 244 manufacturing managers supports previous research on the dimensions of mentoring. Further, vocational (coaching) and psycho-social (social support) were found to be related to managers' salary level and promotions. Implications of these results for future studies of mentoring are discussed.


Tom DeMarco and Timothy Lister's Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams (Third Edition) is a fairly famous book. The first edition was published in 1987, and it has been widely read ever since. I reviewed DeMarco and Lister's Waltzing with Bears in this column before Peopleware precisely because some people might not be aware of Waltzing, while I assumed most people reading SEN would know of, and have read Peopleware.


Racial minority youth are disproportionally removed from their learning environment due to school discipline and placed in special education for emotional disturbance. These disparities continue to trouble families, educators, and policy makers, particularly within urban schools. Yet there is a paucity of research on how behavioral outcome disparities occur in different states. This study addresses this gap examining the extent and predictors of behavioral outcome disparities in Wisconsin. Using the entire state's data, we conducted multilevel logistic regression analyses. The analyses showed that African American students were seven times and Native American and Latino students were two times more likely to receive exclusionary discipline. African American students and Native American students were two to three times more likely to be labeled as emotionally disturbed. Students' race, gender, income, language, attendance, and academic proficiency were related to outcome disparities while school characteristics were not substantively meaningful predictors, excepting the percentage of transferred students. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.


To forbid insider trading is one of the target of securities laws.Civil liabilities of insider trading are lacking in our country.The establishment of civil liabilities of insider trading is discussed from the following aspects:definition of insider trading,civil litigants,fault rule,causation and damage calculation,etc.


Numerical analysis of three dimensional optical electro-magnetic field in a circular-truncated conical optical fiber covered by asymmetric MIM structure has been performed by a commercial finite element method package, COMSOL Multiphysics coupled with Wave Optics Module. The outermost thick metallic layer has twin nano-hole, and the waveguiding twin-hole could draw surface plasmon polaritions (SPPs) excited in the MIM structure to the surface. Finally the guided two SPPs could unite each other and may create a single bright spot. The systematic simulation is continuing, and the results will give us valuable counsel for control of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) appearing around the MIM structure and twin nano-hole. (1) Optimal design of the 3D FEM model for 8-core Xeon server and rational approach for the FEM analysis, (2) behavior of SPPs affected by wavelength and polarization of light travel through fiber, (3) change in excitation condition of SPPs caused by shape of the MIM structure and twin-hole, (4) effectiveness of additional nanostructures that are aimed at focusing control of two SPPs come out from the corners of twin-hole, (5) scanning ability of the MIM/twin-hole probe at nanostructured sample surface (i.e. amount of forward and backward scattering of SPPs) will be presented and discussed. Several FIBed prototypes and their characteristic of light emission will also reported.


Background The US system for gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance monitors trends exclusively among men with urethral infection, the population from whom the yield of gonococcal culture is highest. Little is known about the susceptibility of female urogenital isolates, and it is unclear whether gonococcal susceptibility among men who report sex exclusively with women (MSW) is representative of susceptibility among women. Methods Using isolates collected during a recent treatment trial in 5 US cities, we performed a secondary analysis to compare antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae urogenital isolates obtained from women, MSW, and men who have sex with men (MSM). Pretreatment isolates were collected from trial participants; minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by agar dilution. Geometric mean MICs were adjusted for geographic location using general linear models. Results Susceptibility data for urogenital isolates from 56 women, 252 MSW, and 170 MSM were studied. The adjusted geometric mean ceftriaxone MIC was similar among women (0.0067 &mgr;g/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0049–0.0092 &mgr;g/mL) and MSW (0.0060 &mgr;g/mL; 95% CI, 0.0053–0.0066 &mgr;g/mL). In contrast, the adjusted geometric mean ceftriaxone MIC was higher among MSM (0.0098 &mgr;g/mL; 95% CI, 0.0082–0.0119 &mgr;g/mL) than among MSW. This same pattern was observed for other antimicrobials, including cefixime and azithromycin Conclusions Ceftriaxone, cefixime, and azithromycin MICs were higher among MSM than among MSW, but were similar among women and MSW. These findings suggest that gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance based on urethral isolates from MSW may adequately represent susceptibility of urogenital N. gonorrhoeae in women.


The three-dimensional CAD modeling technology is the key to the era of digital design technology,its introduction to the teaching of engineering graphics,design thinking completely changed,its importance has been recognized by domestic and foreign experts,but the question is how to introduce there are differences.In the absence of successful experience before the introduction,the author will be three-dimensional CAD software in the teaching and three-dimensional modeling technology into the traditional engineering graphics course content,through the present to let students know and are familiar with three-dimensional CAD software,and an initial understanding of three-dimensional construction principles and methods of modeling techniques to develop innovative ideas of students,two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional graphics capabilities.


The error probability expressions for BPSK modulated M ary direct spread spectrum systems with coherent RAKE receivers are derived in Rayleigh fading channel,which take into account the effect of chip timing and carrier phase errors.Non diversity and three types of diversity schemes are considered:selection diversity,equal gain diversity combining,and maximal ratio diversity combining.Also,the approximate expressions of the error probability are derived.Finally,channel characteristics,diversity schemes,and synchronization errors'effects on the performance are discussed.


Large scaled sensing data are continuously generated by the trillions of sensing devices in the Internet of Things(IoT). It becomes a big challenge to organize and manage these sensing data. In this paper, we propose an event-based organizing model, Event-Linked Network(ELN), to manage the big sensing data. Several different types of queries are also explored, which are different from the queries on traditional relational databases.


This article describes the design and implementation of the course Introduction to Computational Thinking (PC-01) for primary and secondary education. The course introduces the "concepts" and core "processes" of Computational Thinking using a visual programming environment. The design of the course PC-01 includes a set of multimedia content, learning tools and technologies that help teachers and students in the teaching-learning process. These tools allow the teacher the successful delivery of the course content as well as the individual/collective monitoring of students' progress in the course. Students have access to their progress throughout the course and participate in creative and collaborative tasks. This course also serves to introduce transversely educational technologies to many students of primary and secondary education. The technological environment integrates the online teaching resources and the methodological tools of the course. The course uses Scratch 2.0 as the programming environment and Moodle as the learning platform. At present the course is being implemented in public schools in the Dominican Republic.


Purpose – This study aims to develop an influence perspective for managerial intervention in subordinates conflicts, which helps to represent various strategies identified in the literature in a single model. Managers' power base was then related to their intervention strategies. Drawing upon Social Judgment Theory, anchoring of subordinates positions is studied as a moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach – Thirty nine supervisors and their 165 subordinates from several organizations in Turkey filled out a questionnaire reporting power base of supervisor and their intervention strategy utilizing the critical incident technique. Findings – Referent power of superior led to mediation in subordinates' conflicts. However, mediation decreased while restructuring, arbitration, and educative strategies increased with increased anchoring of subordinates' positions. These latter strategies mostly relied on reward power of manager. Subordinate satisfaction was highest with mediation and lowest when superv...


"Wellcome" Brand Tuberculin P.P.D. Purified Protein Derivative, the introduction of which for diagnostic purposes is announced by Burroughs Wellcome & Co., is prepared by a method resembling that described by Dr. Florence Seibert (Amer. Tuberc., 1934, SO, 713). It may be regarded as the active principle of tuberculin, and appears to possess the following advantages:?(1) Constancy of composition and potency. (2) Absence of non-specific substances, (3) Stability in the dry state, and (4) Ease of preparation of dilutions. The product, which is prepared at The Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, is available in three strengths, designated Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Each packing contains a sufficiency of dried P.P.D. and of a special bora ted solvent to prepare 1 c.c. (10 test doses) of a 1-in-10,000, 1-in-1,000, or 1-in-100 solution respectively. While solutions must be used on the day of preparation, the dried P.P.D. is exceptionally stable, and has shown no detectable loss after several


This paper seeks to investigate the effect of the working relationship between the Audit Committee and the Internal Audit function on corporate governance within the public universities in Ghana. The emphasis was mainly on the working relationship from the perspective of the Head of Internal Audit. This is a relationship in which the two can capitalize on what they both contribute to corporate governance. All five public universities were involved in the survey with seventy sets of questionnaires administered to four-set respondents. Findings revealed that there is a relationship between the two but it was not strong enough to promote good corporate governance. This would affect the recognition of the benefit of an effective Audit Committee capable of working with the Internal Audit to promote sound corporate governance. The establishment of the Audit Report Implementation Committee and functions of the Internal Audit Department have put the expectation of the committee on the spotlight to assist the University Councils and Management to ensure the effectiveness of the financial and operational controls. On this note, the work of the Internal Audit and the Audit Committee should function as a team in order to be effective. It is therefore important for the Head of Internal Audit to have respect and confidence in the Audit Committee Chair in terms of skill and knowledge. The responsibility of relationship building rests on the shoulders of the Heads of Internal Audit with support from the team leaders by executing their work professionally. In conclusion, the relationship should be nurtured and made strong through timely and relevant interactions and effective communication.


The present study was carried out to prepare and characterize calcined Mg/Al layer double hydroxides (LDHs) used in the adsorption of methyl orange in an aqueous solution as an anionic dye in a batch system. Synthesis of LDHs using coprecipitation method with Mg/Al ratio of 3:1 and obtained material was treated by hydrothermal treatment for 4 h in 400 °C. The result showed that hydrothermal treatment on the synthesis of Mg/Al LDHs yielded the formation of mixed metal oxide from magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide on calcined LDHs were shown on a wide diffraction pattern, while infrared spectrum showed that NO3 − and CO3 2− as balancing anions disappeared after calcination process. The optimum condition for calcined layer double hydroxides (CLDH) and LDHs were in pH 4 (40.61 mg g−1) and pH 3 (36.29 mg g−1) for methyl orange adsorption. The equilibrium time for CLDH and LDHs respectively were 3 h and 5 h where the initial time started rapidly. The kinetic study described pseudo-second-order fitted for methyl orange adsorption with R2 = 0.9998 and 0.9996 for CLDH and LDH. The best isotherm was shown by Freundlich model with R2 = 0.9957 and 0.9721 for CLDH and LDH and. The results suggested that calcined LDHs were efficient adsorbents for methyl orange remediation of relatively high concentrations.


We systematically studied the charge transport properties of a series of self-assembled monolayer crossbar junctions with different alkanethiol and conjugated molecules, respectively. The junction was fabricated using a soft stamp-printing method. Current–voltage characteristics were measured at varied temperatures between 300 down to 90 K under different light illumination conditions. Strong temperature dependence and optoelectronic switching phenomena were observed in the as-fabricated junctions in both dark and light situations. To understand the charge transport mechanism, the Simmons and Fowler–Nordheim tunneling were used to analyze the experimental data. The distinctly different adsorbing nature of the top printed Au/molecule interface in the crossbar junctions is shown to play a dominant role in causing the asymmetric transport behavior. The charge injection barrier is strongly dependent on both the substrate temperature and the molecular length/conjugation structures. The barrier decreases with t...


Application fingerprinting is a useful data analysis technique for network administrators, marketing agencies, and security analysts. For example, an administrator can adopt application fingerprinting techniques to determine whether a user's network access is allowed. Several mobile application fingerprinting techniques (e.g., FlowPrint, AppScanner, and ET-BERT) were recently introduced to identify applications using the characteristics of network traffic. However, we find that the performance of the existing mobile application fingerprinting systems significantly degrades when a virtual private network (VPN) is used. To address such a shortcoming, we propose a framework dubbed AppSniffer that uses a two-stage classification process for mobile app fingerprinting. In the first stage, we distinguish VPN traffic from normal traffic; in the second stage, we use the optimal model for each traffic type. Specifically, we propose a stacked ensemble model using Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and a FastAI library-based neural network model to identify applications' traffic when a VPN is used. To show the feasibility of AppSniffer, we evaluate the detection accuracy of AppSniffer for 150 popularly used Android apps. Our experimental results show that AppSniffer effectively identifies mobile applications over VPNs with F1-scores between 84.66% and 95.49% across four different VPN protocols. In contrast, the best state-of-the-art method (i.e., AppScanner) demonstrates significantly lower F1-scores between 25.63% and 47.56% in the same settings. Overall, when normal traffic and VPN traffic are mixed, AppSniffer achieves an F1-score of 90.63%, which is significantly better than AppScanner that shows an F1-score of 70.36%.


This study aimed to identify the relationship between depression of the elderly and low back pain. Data were obtained from cross-sectional surveys conducted as a part of the Community Health Survey 2008. The final analysis included data from 3,647 of the 3,649 elderly participants (aged over 65 years), as 2 responses were excluded since they were inaccurate. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows (ver. 19.0), using a Rao-Scott χ2-test and Logistic regression by applying a proper weighting. The significance threshold was set as p<0.05. Factors related to the depression of the elderly were low back pain, subjective health status, average sleep duration. Further, depression score was 1.38 times higher in elderly adults with low back pain than elderly adults without low back pain. In order to decrease depression of the elderly with low back pain the development of a program to decrease activities of daily living discomfort and management of low back pain will need to be determined. It is considered necessary to conduct further study to follow through the analysis of the various variables by applying them to the elderly with low back pain and depression.


FIVE nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) restorer germplasm lines, RHA 324 (Reg. no. GP-40), RHA 325 (Reg. no. GP-41), RHA 326 (Reg. no. GP-42), RHA 327 (Reg. no. GP-43), and RHA 328 (Reg. no. GP-44), were developed cooperatively by USDA-ARS and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, ND, and released in 1985. The lines have genes for fertility restoration in a male-sterile (H. petiolaris French cytoplasm) cytoplasm. All have upper branching, controlled by a recessive gene, which provides an extended period of pollen production. The five lines are available for use in sunflower breeding and development programs. RHA 324 is a composite of seed from an F7 plant derived from the cross R811//'Jumbo Israel'/RHA 268 utilizing the pedigree method of breeding. R811, a sister selection of RHA 294, was selected from multiple crosses involving 'Bonita Giant Manchurian', HA 61, 'Mennonite RR', and T670015. Jumbo Israel is an open-pollinated cultivar from Israel. RHA 268 was derived from the cross Bonita Giant Manchurian-1-4/Mennonite RR. RHA 325 is a composite of seed from an F7 plant derived from the breeding line R818-3. R818-3 was selected from multiple crosses involving Mennonite RR-18, HA 61, and ND 71401, a large-seeded restorer source. RHA 326 is a composite of seed from an F6 plant derived from the cross RHA 293/RHA 294. RHA 293 and RHA 294 were released by the USDA in 1976. RHA 327 is a composite of seed from an F6 plant derived from the cross RHA 294/3/R811//Jumbo Israel/RHA 268. The latter parent in the cross was an F3 plant selected from the cross from which RHA 324 was derived. RHA 328 is a composite of seed from an F6 plant derived from the cross RHA 294/3/ R811//HA 292/RHA 282. RHA 282 and HA 292 are nonoilseed lines released by the USDA in 1974 and 1979, respectively. Hybrids with all five lines, produced by crossing with the two female lines cmsHA 292 and cmsHA 288, were significantly higher yielding than the hybrid checks cmsHA 292/ RHA 310 and cmsHA 288/RHA 310 over 2 yr of testing in 1983 and 1984. Height of hybrids with the restorers RHA 324 to RHA 328 when crossed with cmsHA 292 were 180, 185, 185, 188, and 195 cm, respectively, compared with 187 cm for the check hybrid 292/310. Days from planting to flowering of hybrids with RHA 324 to RHA 328 were 71, 72, 74, 70, and 70 days, respectively, compared with 72 days for the check hybrid cmsHA 292/RHA 310. Percentage of achenes passing over a 50/160 cm (20/64 in.) round hole screen for hybrids with RHA 324 to RHA 328 were 64, 74, 36, 64, and 74%, respectively, compared with 71% for the check hybrid cmsHA 292/RHA 310. Hybrids with RHA 324, RHA 326, RHA 327, and RHA 328 had distinct black and white achene color and striping; hybrids with RHA 325 had a dark achene with white side stripes with cmsHA 288 and a dark achene with very slight side stripes with cmsHA 292. All hybrids were equal to the check hybrids in percentage of kernel. All five RHA lines and their hybrids are resistant to race 2 of downy mildew [incited by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni], and are moderately resistant to races 1 and 3 of rust (incited by Puccinia helianthi Schw.). The five lines are susceptiible to North American races of Verticillium wilt (incited by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.). These lines produced hybrids that were significantly more uniform in height and flowering than check hybrids, and had more upright head inclination. Limited quantities of seed of each germplasm line are available from the Seedstocks Project, Agronomy Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105.


This paper provides a real example of applying COCOMO II as an estimation technique for the required software development effort in a safety-critical software application project following the DO-178C processes. The main goal and contribution of the case study is to support the research on software effort estimation and to provide software practitioners with useful data based on a real project. We applied the method as it is, by correlating the effort multiplier factors with the complexity and objectives introduced by the DO-178C level A application, resulting in an estimated effort. The rationales for each scale factor and effort multiplier selection were also described in detail. By comparing the estimated values with the actual required data, we found a magnitude of relative error (MRE) of 40% and provided alternatives for future work in order to increase the effort estimation accuracy in safety-critical software projects.


Objectives: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of elastography in diagnosis of benign and malignant cervical lymph node. Methods: After comprehensive search and study selection, a meta-analysis was performed on data from 548 patients pooled from 14 studies for evaluating FLT accuracy, in which data from 351 patients pooled from ten double-tracer studies were used for direct comparison with FDG. Weighted sensitivity and specificity were used as main indicators of test performance. The data from individual study were extracted and patient subgroup analyses were performed. Results: Elastography had a pooled sensitivity (random effect model) of 85% (95% CI, 0.760.90) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant LNs (lymph nodes). The pooled specificity (random-effect model) was 86% (95% CI, 0.77-0.91) which were showed in Figures 2 and 3. The summary positive LR and negative LR were 5.86 (95% CI, 3.62-9.50) and 0.18 (95% CI, 0.12-0.28), respectively. The summary diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) used to examine the elastography accuracy is 32.641 (95% CI, 16.772-63.525) and the area under the SROC was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94). Significant heterogeneity was found in sensitivity (heterogeneity, chi-square = 95.68, P = 0.00, I-square = 86.41), specificity (heterogeneity, chi-square = 109.23, P = 0.00, I-square = 88.10), indicating that more than 80% of variance across studies is attributed to heterogeneity rather than chance. Conclusion: Elastograohy has high accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant cervical LNs.


The present invention includes polynucleotides encoding the PPVO viral genome, fragments of polynucleotides encoding PPVO genome, and to the individual a polynucleotide encoding an open reading frame (ORF) of PPVO viral genome. The present invention also relates to the use in the preparation of the recombinant protein expressed from a polynucleotide, pharmaceutical compositions of the fragments and recombinant proteins or fragments of the recombinant protein.


This edition of PLA Notes describes a series of initiatives by literacy practitioners around the world to make the ideals of participation, literacy and empowerment a reality at field level. All these practitioners have been basing their work on the REFLECT approach to literacy and social change; an approach that evolved out of three pilot programmes run from 1993 -1995, and that has today spread to over twenty five countries through ninety five different organisations. It also contains conceptual articles by writers who have been part of the learning process during this period.


Each year more than 20 million Americans are affected by peripheral nervous system damage, leaving them in pain and with restricted mobility. Various cell therapies and implants have been investigated, yet a comprehensive treatment to that grants full functional recovery has still not been elucidated. Traditional neural guidance constructs lack the ability to incorporate biomimetic nanofeatures, well-controlled 3D geometry, and appropriate electrical conductivity in the same scaffold, limiting their effectiveness. To address these problems, this study aims to leverage stereolithography based 3D bioprinting and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to create a biomimetic, conductive nanocomposite scaffold for successful neural tissue regeneration. For this purpose, a series of highly aligned 3D computer models were created via CAD software, and printed using our lab's novel stereolithography based bioprinter. In brief, a hydrogel solution is created by mixing biocompatible Poly(ethelene) glycol, Poly(ethelene) glycol di-acrylate, and a photoinitiator appropriate for the wavelength and energy of the laser used. This solution is then added layer by layer into a vat and subsequently cured via UV laser radiation into a 3D hydrogel scaffold. Similar hydrogel constructs with added graphene nanoplatelets with COOH or NH2 functional groups were successfully fabricated as well. The scaffolds were compared with the pure hydrogel construct through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, PC-12 cell proliferation and differentiation studies in vitro. The SEM images highlight the homogenous incorporation of the GNPs throughout the scaffold, yet still present on the surface, allowing for direct interaction between GNPs and cells. The conductivity of the GNP scaffolds was shown to be signifi cantly better than the control scaffolds without GNPs, which make the scaffold promising for neural regeneration. Cell proliferation and confocal microscopy shows that the graphene doped scaffolds are biocompatible and allow PC-12 cells to grow and align along the channels.


A coordinated Satellite Laser Ranging campaign was conducted in late 1996 to collect tracking data for two Global Positioning System satellites, designated as GPS-35 and GPS- 36. These satellites were equipped with laser retroreflectors to provide an independent means of tracking and verifying GPS ephemeris accuracy. Historically, GPS SLR data has been too sparse to determine an accurate SLR- derived reference orbit. Previous investigations have been limited to reporting SLR range residuals which were computed by comparing to GPS ephemerides. The present investigation benefits from two innovations. The first is the addition of the Naval Research Laboratory laser ranging system at the USAF Starfire Optical Range, which provided enough additional tracking data to make precision orbit determination possible. The second is the use of a sequential filter-smoother to process the SLR data instead of the batch least squares orbit determination methods employed in earlier investigations. A filter-smoother combines the best features of short arc and long arc estimation methods, optimizing the solution for each track of data. In this application the 3D solution is most accurate over each laser ranging site. The filter-smoother generates a continuous solution with variable accuracy, and provides a covariance which characterizes that accuracy. In this study we have verified the 3D accuracy of GPS ephemerides to within 10 cm, 30 cm, 12 cm (radial, intrack, crosstrack) over selected SLR sites using an SLR-only solution. These results were achieved with very little tracking data. Additional results are provided which indicate sensitivities to tracking geometry, average monthly tracking rates, and to track duration.


Six children with severe aplastic anemia were treated with transplantation of bone marrow cells from an HL-A identical MLC negative sibling donor: two boys 10 and 6 years of age and two girls 10 and 6 years of age with idiopathic aplastic anemia, one 10 year old boy with Fanconi anemia and one 9 year old boy with aplastic anemia following infectious hepatitis. One girl showed no take of the transplanted bone marrow cells. She died from staphylococcal septicemia. One boy died from acute GvH-disease. Three children are in good condition with complete hematologic recovery 16, 9 and 4 months after transplantation respectively. They did not show any signs of GvH-disease and they did not suffer from any major infections despite rather severe immunodeficiency of long duration following transplantation. Infections were prevented by nursing in strict reverse isolation in combination with antibiotic decontamination. One girl showed hematologic recovery but developed aubacute GvH-disease one month after transplantation.


The article considers the process of choosing an effective option of innovation and investment economic development, which involves assessing the possibility of innovative development, intensification of investment activities and the effectiveness of potential alternatives and directly forming an appropriate option for using innovation and investment potential of economic development. There are three main components of assessing the possibility of innovative development, such as: resource, which indicates the existence of conditions, the level of innovative resources to ensure innovative development; technological, which reflects the level of technological renewal of production through the introduction of new technological processes and development of production of new products using the principles of rational nature management and market, which highlights the impact of the enterprise on the economy through the sale and saturation of the market with innovative products. Assessment of the possibility of intensification of investment activity, which is determined on the basis of two conceptual approaches: resource characteristics, when investment potential is defined as a set of investment resources (material, financial and intellectual) and effective, the assessment of potential taking into account actual parameters of investment processes. A matrix of selection of an effective variant of innovation and investment potential of economic development is proposed, which allows predicting the use of this potential on the basis of an objective analysis of external and internal environmental factors. In general, the development of innovation and investment potential can take place in four directions: excellent (positive) – due to strengths and external opportunities, the level of innovation and investment potential is high; optimal - with the possibility of forming the development of innovation and investment potential; adaptive - with insignificant possibility of potential development under the condition of its adaptation to environmental threats and negative – there are no opportunities for potential development.


The heavy-ion phase-space exploration (HIPSE) model is used to discuss the origin of the nuclear spin in intermediate energy heavy-ion collision (HIC). The spin of maximal projectile-like fragment is found to depend strongly on impact parameter of a reaction system, while it relates weakly to the collision violence. Some interesting multi-fragmentation phenomena related to the spin are shown. We also found that the excitation energy in the de-excitation stage plays a robust role at the de-excitation stage in HIC.


Introduction Blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bacteremia. Clinical guidelines consider adequate a contamination rate of less than 3%. Between 2009 and 2010 in our service this rate was 12′56%. Therefore, in February-2011 we started a protocol for blood cultures according to the Scientific Evidence. Objectives Analyze the impact of implementing a protocol for the extraction of hemocultures on contamination rates. Methods Retrospective study cohort: Pre-implantation group (A): Patients whom a blood culture was taken from in our Pediatric Emergency Department between March 2009 and April 2010 and post-implantation group (B): Patients with blood culture between April 2011 and March 2012. Results In the group A 1098 blood cultures were obtained (4'08% of 26874 patients attended) and in group B 535 (2'87% of 18628 patients, p=0.0001). A true pathogen was isolated in 11 samples in cohort A (1'00%, CI95% 0.41–1.59; 0.04% of the population attended from CI 95% 0.02 to 0.06) and in 9 of the group B (1'68%; CI 95% 0.59–2.77; 0'048% of the population attended CI 95% 0.02 to 0.08). In the group A germs considered contaminants grew in 138 blood cultures (12′56%, CI 95% 10.6–14.52) and in 34 in the B (6′35%, CI95%: 4.28–8.42). Conclusion The development of a protocol for blood cultures extraction technique according to the Scientific Evidence is useful to reduce sample contamination, but it didn't reach to the standards of quality. Technique protocolization was associated with a significant decrease in number of blood cultures drawn.


We reveal that dielectric metasurfaces can perform tailored non-conservative transformations optimized for monitoring of small deviations around arbitrarily chosen linear, circular, or elliptical polarizations. We demonstrate that such metasurfaces can convert the anchor polarization to horizontal linear polarization with attenuated power, while they map the small deviations to vertical linear polarization with nearly full power, delivering amplified vertical-to-horizontal polarization ratios for sensitive and convenient single-shot detection.


This research in progress explores how political discussion on Indonesian Twittersphere could provide a genuine conversation on debates related to the upcoming 2019 national election in Indonesia. Taking the case of the presidential and parliamentary election in the upcoming April 2019, the author uses social media data on Twitter to investigate whether the discussions are heavily lean into digital public sphere or more dominated by political buzzer and bots. The author examines this by creating Twitter network maps based on hashtags related to the election. Modularity tests are employed to identify the extent of online community developed during the conversations. Most of the hashtags analyzed could attract hundreds of small communities, created mini-publics, which in turn shows the degree of willingness of the Indonesian social media users to participate in this practice of digital citizenship. Qualitative observations on the selection of the most significant actors within the network and the words they posted are employed to understand if the conversations were not led by either dominant political actors or political buzzers/bots, and thus, suggest the citizens' genuine form of political communication. Despite the limitations of studying Twitter data, the author suggests that by taking a closer attention to how political conversation in non-English/Western political environment, this study might provide valuable insights on the development of genuine utilization of (and trust on) the social media platforms for political engagement.


This paper was to research the effect of different proportions of fermented cottonseed meal included in diets on the index of blood biochemistry and immune performance in Yellow-feathered chicken.Selected 320 14-day-old healthy broilers,were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group four replicates of 20 chickens.GroupⅠ was the control group fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ were added 3%,6% and 9% fermented cottonseed meal in diets respectively.The aim was to study the effect of different content of fermented cottonseed meal on the early(14 to 28 days),medium(29 to 45 days),and later(46 to 65 days) periods of the index of blood biochemistry and immune performance in broilers.The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the levels of total protein of the early,medium and later period in group Ⅲ significantly increased respectively by 41.96%,52.57% and 28.53%(P0.05).The levels of albumin of the early,medium and later period in group Ⅲ significantly increased by 21.31%(P0.01),18.10%(P0.05) and 19.00%(P0.05).The levels of albumin of serum Ca of the medium and later period in group Ⅲ were significantly increased respectively by 18.03%(P0.01) and 51.23%(P0.05).The levels of albumin of serum P of the early and medium period in group Ⅲ significantly increased respectively by 34.55%(P0.05),31.16%(P0.05),and 27.65%(P0.01).The levels of cholesterol of the later period in group Ⅳ significantly reduced 21.22%(P0.05).The levels of immunoglobulin A(IgA) of the later period in group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 11.07%(P0.05),24.41%(P0.01) and 13.07%(P0.01).The levels of immunoglobulin G(IgG) of the later period in group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 15.27%(P0.05),28.09%(P0.01) and 16.63%(P0.01).The levels of immunoglobulin M(IgM) of the later period in group Ⅲ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 26.02%(P0.01),11.13%(P0.05),10.26%(P0.05).The index of spleen of the early period in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 55.86%(P0.05) and 75.17%(P0.01).The index of spleen of the medium and later period in group Ⅳ were significantly increased respectively by 30.66%,44.68%(P0.05).The index of bursal of the early period in group Ⅱ significantly increased respectively by 28.08%(P0.05).The index of bursal of the early and medium period in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 69.23%,46.54%,39.74%,37.18%(P0.01).The index of bursal of the later period in group Ⅲ was significantly increased by 64.71%(P0.05).Therefore,adding 6% fermented cottonseed meal in broilers diet could improve the levels of total protein,albumin,Ca,P,IgA,IgG,IgM and the index of bursal were better than 3%,9% fermented cottonseed meal added to diets,but 9% fermented cottonseed meal in broilers diet,in reducing the levels of cholesterol and increasing the index of spleen were better than 3%,6% fermented cottonseed meal added to diets.


Abstract In this paper we are concerned with variable selection in finite mixture of semiparametric regression models. This task consists of model selection for non parametric component and variable selection for parametric part. Thus, we encountered separate model selections for every non parametric component of each sub model. To overcome this computational burden, we introduced a class of variable selection procedures for finite mixture of semiparametric regression models using penalized approach for variable selection. It is shown that the new method is consistent for variable selection. Simulations show that the performance of proposed method is good, and it consequently improves pervious works in this area and also requires much less computing power than existing methods.


APRON QUALITY TEST FOR OPTIMIZATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION FOR PATIENTS IN RADIOLOGY OF DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL. Apron is a body protective device that can reduce the dose of scattered radiation exposure from x-ray beams, but in the use of an apron it is often neglected because of impracticality and improper laying procedures that cause damage to the lead rubber plate (Pb) inside so that the function of apron in protecting radiation is not optimal and most likely to get high dose from scattered radiation. This test aims to ensure that radiation protection equipment can provide optimal protection. The apron quality test methods analyzed were visual, tactile and fluoroscopy. In addition, the analysis of the quality of the apron is evaluated by looking at the level of damage and reviewing the graph of the relationship between area of defect and equivalent dose. The results of the radiation dose measurement based on the irradiation process on the apron in the radiology room there was 1 damaged apron of 3 aprons, while in the ESWL room there were 1 apron and in the cathlab room there were 4 aprons still in good condition. Based on the level of damage to the apron in the radiology room, there were several types of damage, namely absent lead type = 1.75 mSv, Crack type = 0.67 mSv and stiching type = 0.47 mSv. The results of the graph between the dose equivalent to the area of defect obtained a linear relationship, meaning that the more extensive the damage to an apron, the greater the radiation dose received by the patient and the patient's companion. Therefore, for the apron that is not feasible, based on the dose and area, it is better to replace the apron so that providing optimal protection and prevent unnecessary exposure. Keywords: Optimization, Radiation protection, Equivalent dose, Defect