Low-temperature plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) was successfully used to grow silicon (Si) doped amorphous and microcrystalline gallium phosphide (GaP) layers onto p-type Si wafers for the fabrication of n-GaP/p-Si heterojunction solar cells. PE-ALD was realized at 380 °C with continuous H2 plasma discharge and the alternate use of phosphine and trimethylgallium as sources of P and Ga atoms, respectively. The layers were doped with silicon thanks to silane (SiH4) diluted in H2 that was introduced as a separated step. High SiH4 dilution in H2 (0.1%) allows us to deposit stoichiometric GaP layers. Hall measurements performed on the GaP:Si/p-Si structures reveal the presence of an n-type layer with a sheet electron density of 6–10 × 1013 cm−2 and an electron mobility of 13–25 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K. This is associated with the formation of a strong inversion layer in the p-Si substrate due to strong band bending at the GaP/Si interface. GaP:Si/p-Si heterostructures exhibit a clear photovoltaic effect, with the performance being currently limited by the poor quality of the p-Si wafers and reflection losses at the GaP surface. This opens interesting perspectives for Si doped GaP deposited by PE-ALD for the fabrication of p-Si based heterojunction solar cells.


A locum staff grade doctor in an emergency department who lied under oath at a Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) hearing to try to deflect blame over a young patient's death has been struck off the UK medical register.

Imran Ali Tabrizi testified in May 2014, describing events before the death of an Essex University student who had fallen down stairs while intoxicated in October 2011. The hearing examined the role of nurse Doreen Castleton, the sister in charge of the emergency department at Colchester Hospital that night, where Tabrizi was on duty.

Ambulance staff transporting the 18 year old student to the hospital had called ahead with a "pre-alert," which warns staff that they might need to prepare a trauma team for the …


The report presents a calculation of risk (killed and injured persons in accidents per passenger/km and vehicle/km) for cars, vans, lorries, buses, trains, trams, suburban trains, underground, taxis, motorcycles and mopeds. /Author/TRRL/


This paper shows a collaborative and active approach for the teaching and learning of "Computer Peripherals and Human Interface Devices" for the Degree in Computer Science from the University of Granada. The proposed teaching methodology is based on active and cooperative learning, so that students can acquire the skills set for this subject by experimenting with case studies on common projects collaborating with peers. This methodology allows for a positive dependence between students and an improvement in the learning process by experimenting with real applications.


EDLING et coll. (1958, 1959) in previous experimental studies in dogs dem onstrated the risks of injury to the kidneys in renal aortography as well as in selective renal catheterization and arteriography. The examinations were performed by catheterization of the femoral arteries, and diand three-iodine compounds were used as contrast media. The results of the previous experi ments suggested that aortography in human subjects with normal kidneys should not cause renal damage, while selective arteriography might do so. As selective renal arteriography would appear to be diagnostically superior to renal aortography, the risks associated with the catheterization and arterio graphy of the renal arteries will be considered once again in the present ex perimental study in dogs. The dogs were kept under superficial general anesthesia; 0.5 to 0.7 ml/kg bodyweight pentothal sodium Abbot (thiomebumal sodium) 5 % plus 0.10 to 0.12 ml/kg bodyweight nembutal Abbot (pentobarbitone sodium) 6 %


The purpose of the study is to observe the effect on the mechanics change of skeletal muscle in the state of different lactic acid concentration.To prevent the muscle slip which was cliped from the belly of rat from being damaged by blood deficiency and oxygen deficiency in heat,it was cooled by the precooled flowing liquid first,then regained its former temperature slowly.one end of the muscle slip was fixed in constant temperature sank,and the other is linked with the transducer of tension.By the experiment system of biological function.The mechanics change of skeletal muscle was recorded after electrical stimulation(the max strength of the electrical stimulation is 1.2 times) in the different lactic acid density(0 mmol,2 mmol,4 mmol,8 mmol,16 mmol/L,and so on).the change of muscle tension is not so obvious when it systoles(P0.05),but the tension velocity increased when muscle systoles and diastoles with the increasing lactic acid concentration.The result showed a straight line relativity.The dF/dt and-dF/dt among the different lactic acid concentration groups were of great difference(P0.01 or P0.05).So it indicated that the lactic acid produced in sports would mainly decrease the dF/dt and-dF/dt of muscles systole.It may be an important factor to result in lowering the ability of muscle work.


This paper explores how network structure and category consolidation shapes the widely observed homogeneity among friends across a wide range of attributes in social networks. I use assortative mixing to refer to the patterns in network that individuals are more likely to connect with same-attribute alters. The specific network endogenous factor–assortative degree mixing I first propose that two endogenous factors: assortative degree mixing, which standards for the tendency that popular people have a higher likelihood to befriend with other popular people, and category consolidation, which standard for nonzero correlations between degree and other attributes, are important in shaping assortative mixing on other sociodemographic characteristics. Assortative degree mixing can be caused by popularity homophily. Hence observed segregation on sociodemographic characteristics may due to the effect of popularity homophily, plus the correlations between popularity and thee characteristic. I designs a series of simulations to validate my theoretical arguments. For the empirical part, Exponential Random Graph model confirm my argument that consolidation between race and popularity contributes to the racial segregation in Add Health friendship networks, beyond racial and popularity homophily. Last, I use simulations to address the causal effect of popularity mixing on observed segregation. I simulated ranges of racial segregation that would occur without the assumptions of racial homophily but just assortative ∗This research uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris.(Harris, 2009) †Draft version, please do not spread without the author's permission.


The rapid spread of COVID-19 compelled the infected nations to close down their educational institutions to check the rigor of spread. In such context, to provide uninterrupted education to the students, virtual education through internet was widely adopted. This paper throws a light on how the students engaged in virtual education are exposed to various unexpected health perils due to the use of internet and smartphones. Moreover, this paper suggests taking a holistic approach through the introduction of "Yoga" in the course curriculum to avoid the unexpected health hazards.


This research is about urban planning and sustainability of cities through their spatial organization and municipal laws. It selects parameters of urban sustainability and evaluates if the municipal master plan of a medium-sized city, in Brazil, already reviewed after the City Statute approval, considered them, under the conception and implementation of its urban plan. After comparative study of master plan and the accomplishment of field survey, the research allows to assert that the implementation of sustainability parameters selected by work, qualify in a spatial and environmentally the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Key-words: Planning; Sustainability; Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.


In Egypt the mechanism of censorship focused on cinema which is not only an industryin the economical sense, but also a cultural industry, thanks to the fact that the Egyptiandialect is understood throughout the Arab world. But for the consensus building the realbattleground was television, whose sole function is to strength "patriotism" understood asconvincing the Egyptians that everything was going as smoothly as possible and thatMubarak was the only alternative to chaos and terrorism. The regime used to exercising astrict censorship and the pervasive control on these two types of screens, didn't understandthat Internet created virtual spaces of encounter that might affect the endogenousdynamics thanks to the sense of security given by anonymity. A real true cultural revolution,by means of subversive humor, reveals the abuses and humiliations of the police andovercomes the gloom of a climate with no prospective poverty, despair, and, above all,fear. The combination of access to new technologies and liberation from fear takes theshape of a revolution when people moved from the virtual sphere down into the Square.Through the appropriation of a free and liberated public space, the Egyptians transformedthemselves from subjects into citizens.


Good organisation of time and space will make a significant contribution to your long-term success, say Pat Brunton and Linda Thornton.


The real-space renormalization group theory using the first order cumulant is applied to the q -state antiferromagnetic Potts model on 2-d (dimensional) and 3-d lattice. The special features of this paper are that the Potts states are represented by q unit vectors in q -1 dimensional space and the two-sublattice structure is preserved after the renormalization transformation. The critical exponents obtained for q =2 in 3-d are in fairly good agreement with the reliable values and those for q =3 and 4 are obtained for the first time.


The paper considers, the different multicasting routing protocols in wireless mobile Ad hoc network (MANET).An Ad hoc network is composed of mobile nodes without the presence of a wired support infrastructure .In this environment routing/multicasting protocols are faced with the challenge of producing multihop router under host mobility and band constraints. Various approaches and routing protocol have been proposed to address Ad hoc networking problems and multiple standardization effort within the Internet Engineering Task Force, along with academic and industrial research projects. In recent year, a number of new multicast protocols of different styles have been proposed for Ad hoc networks. Geocast Adaptive Mesh Environment for Routing (GAMER) is one which provides geocast communication in an Ad hoc network and it adapts to the correct network environment by dynamically changing the density of the mesh. Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol (FGMP) is based on the forward group concept and it dynamically refreshes the forward group member using a procedure to On-Demand routing. The relative strengths, weakness and applicability of each multicast protocol to diverse situations have considered and analyzed. Index Terms: FGMP Protocol, GAMER Protocol, MANETs, multicast, routing.


Abstract This paper is based on a research study, which explored six primary school learners' transition to secondary school and the influences that this may have had on their mathematical learning and performances. The study was carried out over a seven-month period, from the latter part of their final primary school year until the end of the first term of high school. The study documented detailed descriptions of various stakeholders in the transition process as well as the factors that affect mathematics learning. The data reflects the findings of the study and discusses some of the implications regarding mathematics teaching and learning that should be considered during the transitional period from primary school to secondary school.


Underwater Sound Reference Detachment, Naval Res. Lab., P.O. Box, 568337, Orlando, FL 32856‐8337. The complex Young's modulus is compared with the complex dielectric modulus in four different types of elastomer in the rubbery regime above the glass transition temperature. The elastomers measured included 5109G unfilled neoprene, PR1526 polyurethane, 334‐270 natural rubber, and B252 butyl rubber. Results of the comparison support the view that there is a correspondence between the two effects as predicted from thermodynamic considerations. Possible models for the coupling are discussed.


Ali Mohammed Salmanzadeh, and Ali Mohammed Haji Shabani Depatment of Chemistry, Yazd University, Yazd, IranReceived July 25, 20021,5-diphenylcarbazone was immobilized on sodium dodecyl sulfate coated alumina. The alumina particle waseffectively used for collection of mercury (II) and methylmercury cations at sub-ppb level. The adsorbedmercury was eluted with 1 mol L


We perform pQCD analysis of the existing DIS data for charged leptons with account of corrections up to the NNLO. The parton distributions, value of strong coupling constant, and high-twist terms are extracted and their stability with respect to account of the NNLO corrections is analyzed. All the quantities are generally stable within their experimental errors. Obtained value of the strong coupling constant is $\alpha_s^{\rm NNLO}(M_{\rm Z})=0.1143\pm 0.0014 ({\rm exp})$ with a guess $\alpha_s^{\rm NNNLO}(M_{\rm Z})\sim 0.113$.


Studies in cervical dysplasia have reported overexpression of the tumour suppressors p14 and p16 – and absence of p53 – in high‐risk human papilloma virus (HPV)‐ associated lesions. In skin carcinogenesis, the relation between these tumour suppressors and HPV remain unclear. We evaluated the expression of the tumour suppressors p14, p16 and p53 in pre‐malignant and malignant squamous skin tumours, and its relation with risk factors for skin carcinogenesis (HPV, immune status and sun exposure). We performed immunohistochemical stainings for p14, p16 and p53 on paraffin embedded material of 71 pre‐malignant squamous skin lesions and 34 squamous cell carcinomas, from 52 renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and 53 immunocompetent individuals. PCR‐based assays were used for detection and genotyping of β‐papilloma virus (β‐PV) types and mucosal HPV types. P14 expression was independent of the expression of p16 and p53, irrespective of immune status and skin site. In 49 of 105 specimens (46.6%), one or more β‐PV types were detected. We found no significant association between p14, p16 or p53 protein expression and overall presence of β‐PV, irrespective of immune status. There was a significant association between presence of β‐PV and lesions from sun‐exposed skin sites in the RTRs (P= 0.002). We conclude that in skin carcinogenesis, relations between the herein studied tumour suppressors and HPV are different from what one would expect based on findings in cervical neoplasia. P14, p16 and p53 expressions are independent of immune status. Our data indicate that in immunosuppressed patients, β‐PV together with ultraviolet radiation act synergetic in promoting carcinogenesis.


This lecture honoring Keith Brimacombe looks over the history, current abilities, and future potential of mathematical models to improve understanding and to help solve practical problems in the continuous casting of steel. Early finite-difference models of solidification, which were pioneered by Keith Brimacombe and his students, form the basis for the online dynamic models used to control spray water flow in a modern slab caster. Computational thermal-stress models, also pioneered by Brimacombe, have led to improved understanding of mold distortion, crack formation, and other phenomena. This has enabled process improvements, such as optimized mold geometry and spray-cooling design. Today, sophisticated models such as transient and multiphase fluid-flow simulations rival water modeling in providing insights into flow-related defects. Heat-flow and stress models have also advanced to yield new insights. As computer power increases and improvements via empirical plant trials become more costly, models will likely play an increasing role in future developments of complex mature processes, such as continuous casting.


A 6-year-old boy presented with 4 areas of ulceration on the right side of his face and scalp. Medical history was significant for a right-sided exophytic juvenile pilocystic astrocytoma that was diagnosed at 5 years of age after he developedapersistenthead tilt to the left.Postoperative scans disclosed minimal residual tumor in the lateral brainstem. Within a year, the patient noticed the absence of sensation on his right cheek and lip and no taste on the right side of his tongue. He began drooling from the right side of his mouth, and his parents noticed that his smile was uneven as well. A residual tumor had grown to impinge on cranial nerves V and VII, and the patient underwent a second craniotomy in an attempt to restore function. The entire tumor was removed with this second surgery, but 3 months later, the patient's right eye became edematous and an absence of tear production was discovered. Ocular lubricant was prescribed, and the eye was patched daily for 2 weeks. Within a short time, the skin on his right forehead began to break down owing to the adhesive bandage used for his eye protection. He then developed a similar ulceration on his right nasal ala and at other locations that were not occluded with tape or dressings (Figure1).


Background: the children introduction to gadgets usually started from the parent's or families' wrong diversion ways. Lots of children use gadgets for there is not the open area that provides area of modern and traditional games. Objectives: to know the relationship between duration of the use of gadgets with the social development of pre-school children at Panoongan neighborhood Ciamis village. Methods: research method quantitative analytic with the cross sectional approach. Sample in this research was 56 parents of pre-school age in Panoongan neighborhood by using total sampling tehnique Result: duration of the use of gadgets in pre-school children, most of them had category as long as  many  as  36  respondents  (64,3%),  social  development  of  pre-school  children  mostly categorized as not good as many as 34 respondents (60,7%), and there was a significant relationship  between  duration  of  the  use  of  gadgets  with  the  preschool  children  social development at Panoongan neighborhood Ciamis village Ciamis district (p value 0,000). Conclusion: there was a significant relationship between duration of the use of gadgets with the pre school children social development at Panoongan neighborhood Ciamis village. So that was expected that parents would be more careful in watching over and monitoring their children activities in using gadgets to minimize the negative sides from it.


Bilimbi or cucumber tree often be used from almost all parts of the plant as a traditional medicine. In addition, people often use the leaves as a material for insects, especially to make flies away from food. The information of local knowledge that bilimbi leaves contains insect control. The purpose of this study was to control of subterranean termites attack using extract of bilimbi ( Averrhoa bilimbi L) leaves.  The powder of the plant leaves was extracted using ethanol solution. The extracts were then prepared in different concentrations, namely 2%, 4%, and 6%. Paper discs with 25 mm diameter were immersed in the each of the concentration. The other treated paper discs used chlorpyrifos as positive treatment. Untreated paper discs were also prepared as control. In this study, only one of tests were applied, which were contact poison. The effectiveness of the extract was determined based on the termite mortality and weight loss of the paper discs. Results showed that treatment has a very significant effect on the value of mortality. Treatment of various concentrations of bilimbi leaf extract significantly different from the control and termiticide. Treatment of bilimbi leaf extract concentration and termitisida show 100% mortality whereas control only amounted to 23.64%. Keywords : Averrhoa bilimbi L, control, termite, extract, effectiveness


Juhua pig is the national breed for genetic resources conservation.With the introduction of foreign fine breeds,it has met the unprecedented challenge.Elaborating the importance of resource protection,this paper analyzed the features of Jinhua pig and the problems in protecting the breed,and some protective measures were also put forward.


The problem of sliding mode output feedback control for uncertain discrete systems was investigated.The uncertainty of the discrete system was assumed to be mismatched,with an unknown norm bound.A dead-zone adaptive law was designed to identify the unknown bound online.The discrete sliding mode controller was designed based on the multirate output sampling theory.The discrete system is asymptotically stable with the proposed controller.Multirate output sampling is achieved by setting the output signals in a faster sample rate than that of the input signals,through relevant calculation,the current system states can be evaluated from the inputs at the previous time instance and the current outputs.Finally,a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Abstract Two novel palladium(II)–amino acid complexes, [Pd(Ala)2]·H2O (PA) and [Pd(Val)2].H2O (PV) (Ala = alanine; Val = valine) were synthesized and characterized through FTIR, UV/Vis, 1H-NMR spectroscopies, CHN analysis, X-ray crystallography and molar conductivity measurement. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of Pd(II) complexes against human leukemia cancer cell line, MOLT4 showed promising cancer cell death (CC50 = 0.71 ± 0.046 µM for PA; CC50 = 0.85 ± 0.063 µM for PV) that were less than cisplatin (1.59 ± 0.25 µM). Moreover, the interaction of both the complexes with DNA and BSA was studied using UV–Vis absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques that demonstrated the bindings occurred via van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the fluorescence titration showed that static quenching mechanism plays predominate role in binding process. All results showed that both complexes have more binding tendency to DNA in compared to BSA that can be a significant achievement for further medical purposes as a potential antitumor candidate. Finally, molecular docking simulation was performed for PA and PV complexes with DNA and BSA and demonstrated both complexes bind to the groove of DNA mainly by hydrogen bond and interact with site I of BSA via hydrogen bond as well.


Progeny from two crosses of race 0× race 2 of Cochliobolus carbonum segregated in 1:1 ratios for loci controlling mating type, fungicide tolerance, and ability to sporulate on potato-dextrose agar. Segregations at single loci also were observed for three isozyme systems and for one of two bands in a fourth system. Progeny also segregated for four esterase bands, but the segregation patterns were complex. Pathogenicity to corn was inherited as two apparently complementary genes present in race 2 but lacking in race 0, which was avirulent on corn. Evidence was found for a new locus for production of pseudothecia and a new locus for production of asci and ascospores. These putative loci differ from the previously described single loci for pseudothecium and ascospore production in C. carbonum [...]


In concluding his treatise on human geography Jean Brunhes put the question, ' What would the earth have been like had not mankind appeared and spread over it?' In making a response, we undoubtedly are both judge and party. We have to admit, nevertheless, without either pride or modesty, that man is responsible at present for a notable share of the superficial aspects of the earth. At certain points, where he has persevered for a long while, this share is indeed pre-eminent. Through his labour and his attention he has created an infinite variety which expresses itself in those manifold 'lands' of various functions, those 'cantons' which bear the name of 'land' because they have come to constitute a unity of landscape and, closely related to it, the methods of its exploitation. Step by step, and not without errors, the inhabitant has turned each comer of virgin soil to a particular purpose, a better yield in human terms. To attain this better


For some time now, the development community has been praising such practices as unit testing, coding standard enforcement, metrics measurement, and Design by Contract TM. When implemented, these techniques can dramatically improve product reliability and reduce development time and cost. However, until now, these practices have required so much work that few developers could actually adopt them. Jtest ® removes this obstacle for Java TM developers by automating these beneficial techniques. When performing unit testing, Jtest automatically creates and executes test cases that verify class functionality and class construction; when statically analyzing code, Jtest enforces coding standards that prevent errors and measure metrics that help pinpoint complicated (and thus error-prone) areas of code. By automating these practices, Jtest makes it easy for even the most time-pressed developers to incorporate them into their development processes and reap the rewards they offer.


In communication systems signals are subjected to various kinds of noises. Although extensive studies of error control methods have been conducted, there is little information available as to the effects of noise upon the recovered and processed signal.


Formation and provision of high-quality inclusion in institutions of higher education is an important condition for the sustainable development of our country. After all, the activation of awareness of the essence of an individual in society, its significance, self-realization, and social benefit are so important for persons with special educational needs. It is at the stage of the formation of a person that the satisfaction of his/her educational needs is the basis that will determine the entire future life of the individual. Barrier-free access to education as well as the acquisition of a profession today are very important for the formation of an inclusive educational space of higher education. Important conditions for ensuring equal rights of students to quality higher education are defined as the primary ones; they are the following: architectural, informational and social accessibility of the educational environment, creation of a material and technical base adapted to the needs of students, availability of qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel prepared to work in an inclusive environment.
The main task of inclusion is that students do not feel special, so that they participate in educational, vocational and other processes together with other students. The most important task is to provide an opportunity to reach one's success in accordance with abilities, needs and interests. Acquiring higher education by persons with special needs or disabilities should take into account and anticipate requests that will contribute to the knowledge and skills to obtain a profession and be a competitive specialist for market jobs. We have proposed the following steps for implementing the mission of inclusive education in the architecture of the educational process in higher education institutions: training teachers, creating a network of inclusive clubs and groups, creating a barrier-free environment in an educational institution, designing a tutoring network, conducting courses in intercultural communication and communication ethics, using multimedia technologies and cloud corporate technologies of the university, promoting the creation of a comfortable environment, supporting research and programs, developing an inclusive network in higher education institutions, supporting student initiatives (involvement in cultural events, initiatives in the higher education institution), ensuring a greater level of representation of various management groups and administration, expansion of the range of programs for student support, implementation of acquiring knowledge in various projects, grants, startups


Although Alfred Lothar Wegener proposed his continental drift hypothesis more than 100 years ago, there has been constant contention regarding the driving source of plate motions. The current geodynamic theory is mainly based on traditional mechanics. The crust is extremely thin in comparison to the earth's radius, which may be caused by a more complex mechanical system: the mechanics of shells. The mechanics of shells reveals the mechanical effect of the tide-generating force on the earth's crust. We present a formula that can be used to calculate the membrane stress resulting from the fluctuation of the mantle tide wave in the crust and estimate its magnitude. Although the tidal force is small, the membrane stress is high. Our investigation suggests that the membrane stress is the fundamental reason for rifting and rupture processes at mid-ocean ridges. It is thus the dynamic source for seafloor spreading and plate motion, which offers a reasonable interpretation of various significant problems that are unexplained by mantle convection theory. And there must be the plate tectonics affected by the tidal force is in the terrestrial planets or other celestial bodies.


Gravitational lensing can provide pure geometric tests of the structure of spacetime, for instance by determining empirically the angular diameter distance–redshift relation. This geometric test has been demonstrated several times using massive clusters which produce a large lensing signal. In this case, matter at a single redshift dominates the lensing signal, so the analysis is straightforward. It is less clear how weaker signals from multiple sources at different redshifts can be stacked to demonstrate the geometric dependence. We introduce a simple measure of relative shear which for flat cosmologies separates the effect of lens and source positions into multiplicative terms, allowing signals from many different source–lens pairs to be combined. Applying this technique to a sample of groups and low-mass clusters in the COSMOS survey, we detect a clear variation of shear with distance behind the lens. This represents the first detection of the geometric effect using weak lensing by multiple, low-mass groups. The variation of distance with redshift is measured with sufficient precision to constrain the equation of state of the universe under the assumption of flatness, equivalent to a detection of a dark energy component ΩX at greater than 99% confidence for an equation-of-state parameter −2.5 ⩽ w ⩽ −0.1. For the case w = −1, we find a value for the cosmological constant density parameter ΩΛ = 0.85+0.044−0.19 (68% CL) and detect cosmic acceleration (q0 < 0) at the 98% CL. We consider the systematic uncertainties associated with this technique and discuss the prospects for applying it in forthcoming weak-lensing surveys.


Ultrastructural examination of crayfish superficial (tonic) and deep (phasic) abdominal extensor muscles reveals a distribution and quantitative difference in glycogen between these muscles. Both superficial and deep fibers have a dense accumulation of glycogen in the interfibrillar sarcoplasm. In addition, the superficial extensors, but not the deep extensors, contain glycogen in the I band region. The glycogen granules are of the β type and can be removed enzymatically. The superficial medial and lateral fibers contain more glycogen than the medial and lateral deep fibers. A possible functional role for this difference is suggested.


Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of the design and analysis of suitable manoeuvring strategies for ground track acquisition and orbital phasing. Often, the nominal altitude should be achieved as soon as possible to allow instrument calibration and other commissioning activities. We propose a constructive approach based on a perturbation analysis of the nominal orbit. With the help of an in-house tool, a parametric study which considers the launch dispersions and the a priori unknown initial phase is performed to assess the expected duration and Delta-V consumption to reach the desired orbit from the satellite's injection orbit. Different algorithms are available that either minimise the duration of the orbit acquisition phase or minimise the required Delta-V. Several constrains are considered, such as, available Delta-V, propulsion performance, and operational restrictions, namely number orbit corrections performed per day, maximum Delta-V achieved per manoeuvre, and non-available days for manoeuvring. Additionally, calibration and tuning manoeuvres are taken into account. A general overview of the different factors affecting the orbit acquisition will be given followed by some examples, namely, Sentinel-1B, Sentinel 2-B, and Sentinel-5P.


This thesis describes the utilization of silicon nanowires and molecular films towards the realization of nanoscale electronics. The key enabling technology is the method in which the silicon nanowires are produced—the superlattice nanowire pattern transfer (SNAP) method. The SNAP method allows for the simultaneous formation and alignment of metal or semiconducting nanowires using a template-mediated approach. High-performance n- and p-type silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) were demonstrated. These FETs exhibited consistent performance and strong performance metrics such as high on/off ratios, high on-currents, high mobilities and low subthreshold swings. Due to the nanowire's large surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface states were shown to dominate performance, especially for the n-type FETs. Reducing the number of surface states improved performance significantly. N- and p-type silicon nanowire FETs were integrated into complementary symmetry (CS) logic circuits. This required the development of a pattern doping technique that allowed for spatial control of doped regions. The inverter circuit was fabricated and tested. A gain of ~ 5 was consistently measured from 7 working inverter circuits. This demonstration provided the foundation for the eventual fabrication and characterization of the other Boolean logic functions. A methodology was developed that optimizes the design of high-performance logic circuits constructed from Si NW p- and n-type FETs. Circuit performance can be predicted from individual fabricated NW FETs before prototype circuits are manufactured, resulting in a faster and more efficient design process. These results suggest design options for fabricating high performance NW circuits, which can then be implemented experimentally. The effectiveness of this methodology is shown by optimizing the gain of Si NW complementary symmetry inverter from an initially measured value of 8 to a gain of 45. Lastly, methods to covalently attach electronically interesting molecules via microcontact printing onto gold and silicon substrates were developed. In these studies, the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction was used to form the covalent attachment. It was observed that the reaction would proceed readily by replacing the Cu catalyst in the stamp ink by a Cu coating on the stamp directly. This reaction proceeded quickly on both azide-terminated monolayers on Au and Si(111) substrates.


We previously detected enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) in children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines in 2008–2009. Since then, the detection frequency of EV‐D68 has increased in different parts of the world, and EV‐D68 is now recognized as a reemerging pathogen. However, the epidemiological profile and clinical significance of EV‐D68 is yet to be defined, and the virological characteristics of EV‐D68 are not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed that EV‐D68 is detected among patients with acute respiratory infections of differing severities ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe pneumonia including fatal cases in pediatric and adult patients. In some study sites, the EV‐D68 detection rate was higher among patients with lower respiratory tract infections than among those with upper respiratory tract infections, suggesting that EV‐D68 infections are more likely to be associated with severe respiratory illnesses. EV‐D68 strains circulating in recent years have been divided into three distinct genetic lineages with different antigenicity. However, the association between genetic differences and disease severity, as well as the occurrence of large‐scale outbreaks, remains elusive. Previous studies have revealed that EV‐D68 is acid sensitive and has an optimal growth temperature of 33 °C. EV‐D68 binds to α2,6‐linked sialic acids; hence, it is assumed that it has an affinity for the upper respiratory track where these glycans are present. However, the lack of suitable animal model constrains comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of EV‐D68. © 2014 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


Diffractive gratings are often associated with the use of beam shaping device utilizing a monochromatic source. They could provide high flexibility in design and offer a precise control according to applications. The design of diffraction grating often makes several iterations through design and prototyping before completion. In this paper, we demonstrate a computer-aided de- sign method and a mechanical method of prototyping diffractive grating optics for beam shaping, which aim at improve produc- tivity through greater design flexibility, rapid fabrication and cost reduction. A description of the optical design is presented along with a discussion on the integrated patterning system. Note to Practitioners—This paper was motivated by the problem indesignprototypingofmicrooptics.Ingeneral,thedesignprocess is time consuming and prototyping of micro optics always requires atoolingforinjectionmoldingorhotembossing.Thecostforfabri- cating the tooling is relatively high compared to direct machining. Unfortunately, component with micro optics is hard to manufac- ture by direct machining owing to the problems of precision and accuracy. This paper suggested a new approach in designing and prototypingofthemicrooptics.Withtheaidofthecomputer-aided design system, the design process was being expedited. The de- signer could verify the optical system without any physical model. Once the design was being confirmed, a prototype could be fabri- cated by using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). From the ex- perimental results, the AFM was proven to be a rapid fabrication method with high precision and accuracy, which eliminated most of the problems confronted by the conventional techniques.


At the heart of most research on organisations, either Implicitly or explicitly, lies the question of performance (Klmborly, Norllng and. Weiss, 1983). The research Into organisational performance, however, has not resulted In anything approaching consensus on the questions of either what It Is, or what Its determinants are, Perhaps the most widely used approach has been to conceptualise performance In terms of effectiveness (Robbins, 1983), In so doing, researchers have focused on the extent"to which various measures reflect basic goals, the extent to which critical resources are obtained, or simply on survival (Goodman and Pennings, 1977).


Nobody mucosal lining absorbs hundredth percent of all nutrients consumed, due to bioavailability issues. Foods and supplements are never completely digested to the point of releasing all of their nutrient and toxin content to the human body. Efficient bowel movement is not a function of nutrient utilization. Foodmicrostructure, a fractional frame work of cellular organelles in plant and animal play a major role in the release and bioavailability of several nutrients and allergenic substances which has great consequences in assessing nutritional role, food impact and nutraceuticals in preventing and as therapy of some chronic human diseases. The awareness and the knowledge of food microstructure are a bed foundation of applied food processing and product development for optimal mucosal and gut absorption and utilization of nutrient in human and animal blood plasmids.


The reformation of theoretical and experimental teaching of university chemistry was introduced.The teaching contents reform on fundamentals of university chemistry were analyzed and summed up and some suggestions of the chemistry development and some serviceable measures were proposed.Teaching reformation can adapt to the development of science technology,training consciousness of engineering and strengthen the innovation ability of students to adapt the future development.


This paper is divided into three parts. The first contains a brief description of the past and present distribution of physicians in the United States 1) by levels of care in the four United States census regions, 2) by community size in the nation, 3) by areas, according to the median income of the population in areas within an Eastern state, and 4) by the four main sections of a metropolitan region in that Eastern state, i.e., the business district, the inner city, the middle city, and the suburbs. Past and present distribution of physicians is analyzed, and it is shown that there is an increase in secondary and tertiary care physicians and a decline in primary care ones, with a growing concentration of physicians in the larger communities, in the wealthier areas, and in the suburbs. In part two, it is postulated that the present strategies for change based on the "market" ideology implicit in most types of health legislation (CHP, RMP, PSRO, HMO, COLC, HCRC, and others) will not correct, but may strengthen, the maldistribution. Indeed, these pieces of legislation respond to different constituencies that make up the main loci of economic and political power in the health sector. It is postulated that it is precisely these loci of power that are the cause (rather than merely a symptom) of the maldistribution of resources. In part three, alternative strategies for change are presented, with recommendations for 1) shifting the planning and regulatory powers over the health sector from the private to the public sector, and 2) democratization of health institutions, with control of these institutions by elected representatives of both those who work in them and those in the communities who are served by them. The possibilities of adopting these strategies in this country are discussed in the light of some international experience, and with consideration of the present economic and political realities of the United States.


The error equations of strapdown inertial navigation system/dead reckoning(SINS/DR) integrated navigation system are introduced,and the 19-dimension integrated navigation model is established by adding gyroscope bias and accelerometer bias and odometer scale factor to the filter states.The observability matrix of integrated navigation system is analyzed by the piece-wise constant system(PWCS) observability analysis approach in different moving status,and the observabilities of integrated navigation system is analyzed according to the singular values of the observable matrices.The location error and attitude error and speed error of integrated navigation integrated navigation are predicted.The results of simulation indicate that the location error and attitude error and speed error could be converged effectively.


One of the main characteristics of any political regime is the power correlation between the legislative and executive branches of state power. In a democratic environment, it should reflect a certain balance of branches of power.The Constitution of Ukraine has defined the principle of separation of power into legislative, executive and judicial (art. 6), each of them is independent from the other one and acts within its competence. Theoretically fixed in the Constitution principles of power separation aim between legislative and executive branches. However in the conditions of social-economic crisis, in which the country has been acting since 1990s, between multi-vectored political forces and striving of executive power for widening of its authorities, that is fixed in the Constitution, the presidential-parliamentary form of administration very often has led not only to constitutional cooperation of powers but to the competition between the President and executive power on the one hand, and Verhovna Rada, on the other hand. So, today the need for reconsideration of both the correlation of authorities and cooperation between branches of power in Ukraine has become obvious.
Keywords: legislative branch of government, executive branch of government, cooperation, political system.


The formation of microtrenches in polysilic on plasma etching over thin gate oxides has been observed and modeled. Microtrenches are small trenches formed in the bottom of etching features and are caused by the localized breakthrough of the gate oxide and subsequent rapid etching of the underlying silicon. In contrast to previous reports, the microtrenches were observed a small distance away from the sidewall, their formation and position were functions of the thickness and angle of the photoresist and polysilicon sidewalls. Simulation of ion scattering from the sidewalls of the etching features indicated that the flux of ions at the bottom of the feature was peaked away from the sidewall under the process conditions of this study


A field experiment was conducted during the year 2017-18 at college of Agriculture, Badnapur with aim to study the effect of seed fortification with Molybdenum (Mo) and foliar application of Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) on uptake of nutrient at critical growth stages of soybean crop. The treatments comprised of RDF along with seed fortification of Mo and foliar application Zn and Fe alone and in different combination. The foliar application Zn and Fe @ of 0.5% was undertaken at 30, 50 and 70 days after sowing. The results emerged out from this study indicated that the significant and maximum nutrient uptake i.e. 174.18, 181.55 and 186.39 kg N ha, 16.84, 17.81 and 19.23 kg Pha, 128.17, 134.35 and 141.13 kg K ha and 18.96, 21.12 and 24.34 kg S ha were recorded at flowering, pod formation and harvesting stages of soybean crop with application of treatment T9 which received RDF along with seed fortification of Mo and foliar application Zn and Fe. Similarly micronutrient uptake was also noticed significant and maximum i.e. 162.91, 166.91 and 177.41 g. Zn ha, 398.85, 401.24 and 402.39 g. Fe haand 189.57, 198.18 and 203.15 g. Mo ha -1 at flowering pod formation and harvesting stage of soybean plot with use of treatment T9, except the Fe content was found maximum with the use of treatment T6 which comprised of RDF along with foliar application of Fe and Zn. The grain and strw yield was found to be significantly highest i.e.2666.30Kg and 2247.60 Kg hawith addition of treatment T9.


Electrical detection of a display device, a method for the measurement and evaluation, and is the system described. One embodiment involves integration with the display driving system for the electric detection, measurement and evaluation. In this embodiment, for example, it allows for the measurement of the display driver IC and / or a display driving system and is fully integrated interferometric modulator MEMS devices, or DC operation hysteresis voltages and / or response times. Other embodiments allow human users of these measurements without the obtained product with a view to the display can be performed and used. Other embodiments allow the integration with the display driver IC and / or the display drive system to reuse parts of the measuring circuit is several parts and characteristics of the existing circuit, and therefore, allows for integration of the measurement method.


According to the microbial bioscreening of 134 strains marine microorganisms, include 49 strains marine actinomycetes, 54 strains marine bacterium, 31 strains marine fungi, the antifungal, herbicidal and insecticide activity of their metabolites had been tested. The results showed that 77 strains had agricultural antibiotic activity. Seven marine actinomycetes of them had good bioactivities, that is, Y12-26, P10-16 and JWH-09 with good antifungal activity; P10-23 and P12-21 with high insecticidal activity; YY01-17 and HH1901-45 with good herbicidal activity.


The results of dry machining characterization simulations and experiments for new design technology of using a heat pipe installed in a cutting tool to remove the heat produced at the tool-chip interface which causes thermal damage and tool wear are presented in the paper. Analysis of the results by a heat transfer finite element model indicates that the particular heat pipe used was capable of removing heat with a significant reduction in the rise of the tool-chip interface temperature above the temperature in the surrounding environment at steady operating conditions. Measurements of the variation of the tool insert temperature with time are reported. Both cases, with and without heat-pipe, were considered. In the end the project yields dry machining characterization on influence of embedded heat pipe on mechanical properties of insert and workpiece, tool-chip interface temperature, and tool wear. The results of this study are useful for the cutting tool design and implementation in environmentally conscious manufacturing applications.


A population of the introduced and expanding Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. (Vitaceae) is reported for North Carolina. Voucher specimens are cited and an updated key to the genera of Vitaceae in the Carolinas is presented.


A new backscatter suppression technique is applied to a wideband modulation scheme to enhance optical ranging in underwater environments. The statistical digital signal processing (DSP) approach of blind signal separation (BSS) [1-2] is applied to a frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) [3-4] ranging system. Applying BSS to the FDR system allows the backscatter return to be dynamically measured and cancelled out before computing range. Results from simulations and laboratory experiments are presented to demonstrate the combined FDR/BSS approach.


A trainer of teachers of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Israel undzrtook a study of the use of classroom research to enhance the learning experience of her students, a multicultural group of 13 graduating trainees. The trainees were asked to conduct research on some problem in their own classroom teaching. They were given specific guidelines about how to proceed, and participated in group and individual discussions with the trainer. The students' chosen topics fell into two categories: problems specific to ESL teaching, and those related to the particular instructional situation. Students generally began their reflection at a practical level but eventually looked also at affective and other aspects of teaching. No relationship was found between trainees' sociocultural background and topics selected for research, hut more experienced trainees approached the project somewhat more professionaily. Two are used to illustrate the processes used and results achieved. It is concluded that: (1) the trainees' assignments became more practical and provided important information about their own teaching; (2) not every novice teacher was able to relate research findings to higher-level moral, ethical, and political issues; (3) these teachers are capable of this kind of research, but need careful guidance before and during the project. Contains 17 references. (MSE) *************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************).--*******


Controversies about veil and hijab are often occur in society. Especially in today's digital era, public opinion expressed through social media can greatly influence the others opinions, regardless of whether it is positive or negative. Therefore, this research was aiming to conduct an approach through analysis sentiment of public opinion about the veil and hijab to know how much accurate the sentiment analysis predict the positive, negative, or other sentiments with using Twitter data as the research object. The algorithm used in this study is Support Vector Machine (SVM) because of its fairly good classification model though it trained using small set of data. The SVM on this research was combined with Radial Base Function (RBF) kernel because of its numerical difficulties that are fewer than linear and polynomial kernel and also because this research doesn't have a large feature.  The amount of data used is 3556 tweets data. Tweets data, which is numbered 1056, is classified manually for the learning process. The remaining 2500 data will be classified automatically with the classifier model that has been created. A total of 1056 tweets data that have been classified manually is separated into training and testing data with a ratio of 8: 2. The result of the sentiment analysis process using Support Vector Machine algorithm RBF kernel with C=1 and γ=1  has an accuracy score of 73.6% with precision to negative opinions are 62%, positive opinions are 83%, neutral opinions reach 53% and irrelevant opinions that talk about hijab and veil reach 98%. It shows that sentiment analysis can be used for predicting the negative, positive or other sentiments of a sentence based on a certain topic, in this case veil and hijab.


PREPARATION OF RHENIUM-186 TIN COLLOID AS RADIOSYNOVECTOMY AGENT. Radiosynovectomy is an alternative therapy besides surgery whereby a beta-emitting radiopharmaceutical is delivered into the affected synovial compartment in order to threat rheumatoid arthritis. One of radiopharmaceuticals that could be applied as radiosynovectomy agent is 186Re_Sn colloid. Preparation of 186Re_Sn colIoid has been carried out by searching the best condition of the reaction to obtain a high labeling efficiency (>95%), appropriate particle size and stable at room temperature. Preparation of 186Re_Sn colloid has been done successfulIy using a mol ratio ofSn to Re with value 1000:1 (~50 mg SnCh.2H20) by heating for 90 minutes and resulting >95% labeling efficiency. Stability of 186Re_Sn colloid was found to be good enough when it was stored at room temperature for 24 hours. The 186Re_Sn colIoid was also found to have an appropriate particle size for radiopharmaceutical agent for radiosynovectomy.


The purpose of this article is to seek an understanding as to how organizations are able to evolve despite the challenges attributable to the increase of competition and the reduction of resources. Studies have suggested that the lack of leadership is to blame for promoting misguided organizational change. Other experts suggest that corporate leaders who lack emotional intelligence (EI) are equally to blame for organizational failure. The "New Normal" continues to be a focal point of discussion among corporate leaders. Additionally, not only should leaders be critical thinkers and lead by example, they should have an understanding of internal and external factors associated with the overall organizational setting. Moreover, universities/colleges throughout America continue to expand their curricula to better prepare future corporate leaders. Additionally, the inclusion of EI initiatives within university/college undergraduate and graduate curricula is a high priority for most university administrators to meet U.S. job market requirements.


section M. shows how this personalist approach to the mystery of grace and of the Church opens out new perspectives on ecumenical theology. In the mystery of the Church all Christians are one with Christ in the Spirit. This coherent and firm synthesis of the role of the Holy Spirit in the Church, based on a careful biblical theology and detailed exegesis of the important relevant texts, and on the traditional view of the Church as una persona mystica, cannot fail to impress the reader as a felicitous attempt at a renewed ecclesiology. It is very much in the line of the conciliar debates and teaching on the Church. Perhaps the most appealing feature of it is the thorough Trinitarian concept of the mystery of the Church. Whether M.'s formula "one Person in many persons," which despite its biblical and traditional basis, yet impresses one as somehow applied ab extrínseco, will find favor with ecclesiologists and theologians remains to be seen. At any rate, his scholarly approach is likely to provoke deeper reflection on the mystery of the Church.


March 2020 1 Heleen B. van der Zwaan, MD, PhD Sharon W. Kirschbaum, MD, PhD Sanne M. Snelder, MD Jan von der Thüsen, MD, PhD Bas M. van Dalen, MD, PhD Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare: in a series of over 12 000 autopsies, only 7 were identified, leading to an estimated incidence of <0.1%.1 Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac neoplasm, followed by fibroelastomas and lipomas.2 As illustrated in this case report, there may be conditions that mimic the presence of a cardiac tumor.


Purpouse This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of family history of hypertension (FHH+) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young adults. Methods Observational studies that evaluated adults (aged between 18 and 40 years) of both sexes, are without cardiometabolic disease diagnosis, are published in English, and are reporting on the influence of FHH+ (father, mother, or both) on BP and HRV were included. In June 2021, we made a search of the electronic database MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed). Random-effects models were used, and data are reported as standardized mean difference and 95% confidence limits. Results Thirty-eight studies with a total of 2025 individuals were included. Clinic systolic [3.13 mmHg (1.75–4.51)] and diastolic [2.85 mmHg (1.65–4.04)] BPs were higher (P < 0.001) in individuals with an FHH+. Only 24-h systolic BP was higher [1.76 mmHg (0.05–3.47); P = 0.04] in individuals with an FHH+. As for HRV indices in time-domain, RMSSD: −7.00 ms (−10.75 to −3.26), SDNN: −13.93 ms (−23.56 to −4.30), and HF [−6.82 n. u. (−9.76 to −3.89)] were lower (P < 0.05), and LF [4.78 ms (2.52–7.03)] and LF/HF ratio [0.32 (0.14–0.50)] were higher (P < 0.001) in individuals with an FHH+. Conclusion FHH+ negatively impacts BP and HRV in young adults.


The author of this paper demonstrates that the diophantine equation|3x-2y|=pdenotes a prime number when pis set as an odd prime and the method used is limited to finite mode.


What do democracies do by refusing to trade with dictatorships? The conventional view assumes that: (1) a democratic refusal to trade with dictators is an exception that requires special justification; (2) following customary international law, dictators should normally be recognized as legitimate in selling their peoples' resources; (3) a refusal to trade is one policy option which democratic governments may choose; and (4) a refusal to trade succeeds only when contributing to change in the "target" country. Focusing on natural resource trade, I develop an alternative view which holds that: (1) democracies owe no special justification for refusing to trade; (2) dictators have no right to sell their peoples' natural resources; and (3) democratic refusal to purchase natural resources from dictators should be the norm. It follows that (4) such refusal achieves an important moral goal simply by preventing corporations based in democratic countries from partaking in crime.


CNS (cid:2) 3 -adrenergic receptor activation regulates feeding behavior, white fat browning, and body weight. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 313: E344–E358, 2017. Pharmacological (cid:2) 3 -adrenergic receptor ( (cid:2) 3 AR) activation leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in white adipose tissue (WAT), a process commonly referred to as "browning", and transiently increased insulin release. These effects are associated with improved metabolic function and weight loss. It is assumed that this impact of (cid:2) 3 AR agonists is mediated solely through activation of (cid:2) 3 ARs in adipose tissue. However, (cid:2) 3 ARs are also found in the brain, in areas such as the brain stem and the hypothalamus, which provide multisynaptic innervation to brown and white adipose depots. Thus, contrary to the current adipocentric view, the central nervous system (CNS) may also have the ability to regulate energy balance and metabolism through actions on central (cid:2) 3 ARs. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate whether CNS (cid:2) 3 ARs can regulate browning of WAT and other aspects of metabolic regulation, such as food intake control and insulin release. We found that acute central injection of (cid:2) 3 AR agonist potently reduced food intake, body weight, and in- creased hypothalamic neuronal activity in rats. Acute central (cid:2) 3 AR stimulation was also accompanied by a transient increase in circulating insulin levels. Moreover, subchronic central (cid:2) 3 AR agonist treatment led to a browning response in both inguinal (IWAT) and gonadal WAT (GWAT), along with reduced GWAT and increased BAT mass. In high-fat, high-sugar-fed rats, subchronic central (cid:2) 3 AR stimulation reduced body weight, chow, lard, and sucrose water intake, in addition to increasing browning of IWAT and GWAT. Collectively, our results identify the brain as a new site of action for the anorexic and browning impact of (cid:2) 3 AR activation. ATGGGACTC-CTCAGCGTAGA and R: GCACAGGCAAAGTCAAGAAG; and PR domain containing (PRDM) 16 F: GCAGACCCTGTGGGAGTC-CTGAAA and R: GCTCCCCTGTGTGTGTCCTCAGAT; and -ac-tin F: and R: ACCAATCCACACA-GAGTACTT. used commercial TaqMan primers and probes for the (cid:2) AR mRNA quantification (Rn00565393_m1 for rat and Mm02601819_g1 for Gene expression calculated on the basis of the (cid:8)(cid:8) Ct using (cid:2) -actin as reference RQ (relative quantification) the


Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is a surgical enigma of disastrous proportions. Patient's haemodynamic status often dictates the path of management ranging from endoscopy, embolization and/or surgery. Minority of the cases has failed to identify the exact source of bleeding during endoscopic and imaging techniques. Emergency surgery is warranted in hypovolaemic shock which has failed to respond to fluid and blood resuscitation. We present a 72-year-old male with an obscure upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured cystic artery pseudoaneurysm and illustrate the rarity of the presentation with successful management.


In this paper, the problem of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio communication networks is considered. This paper proposes a robust decision fusion scheme that can perform well when interference caused by other sources is present. Specifically, the proposed detection scheme is based on fusing the local decisions from energy detectors and cyclostationarity-based detectors. The proposed fusion scheme is different from other power spectrum-sensing technology developed so far in that other fusion technologies are based on fusing the local decisions from the same type of detectors instead of the different types of detectors as considered here. The proposed scheme was compared with schemes fusing the same type of detectors, and the results show that the proposed scheme is more robust against possible interference.


TOTAL CFP and CEA (the French Atomic Energy Commission) designed and developed two magnetic logging tools for precise and reliable in-situ magnetic measurements in the low magnetized sedimentary formations encountered when drilling for oil. The tools, measuring respectively the magnetic field and the magnetic susceptibility of the rocks, are operated as standard logging tools, and logs are recorded during standard logging operations. A proper combination of these magnetic respectively the magnetic field and the magnetic susceptibility of the rocks, are operated as standard logging tools, and logs are recorded during standard logging operations. A proper combination of these magnetic measurements leads to the determination, every meter, of natural remanent magnetization polarity, from which the direction of the Earth's magnetic field at the time of sedimentation is derived. A magnetostratigraphic sequence is obtained for each well and appears to be similar to the magnetostratigraphic reference scale. Application of this method to wells in the North Sea gives good results for correlations and absolute age determination, as well as facies diachronism. Further comparison of results obtained from magnetic measurements and from sequence stratigraphy applied to conventional logs shows that third-order sequence boundaries can be diachronous in wells 80 km apart. Although themore » potential of magnetic measurements is still under investigation, the first encouraging results clearly show that the new dating method presented in this paper can be very helpful in petroleum geology.« less


The development of artificial intelligence systems for information infrastructures is updated. The purpose of model-analytical intelligence of software information agents is described. Process approach to modeling of intelligent information agent planners is proposed. A family of extended object-oriented models of planners is presented. A method for generating knowledge about the quality profiles of planners is defined. The results of analytical modeling of intelligent information agent planners are presented and analyzed.


Two kinds of experiments using an antiproton beam were performed to investigate the nuclear periphery: the on-line measurement of antiprotonic X-rays and the off-line determination of the yield of annihilation products with mass number one unit smaller than the target mass. The neutron-to-proton density ratios as well as the differences of root-mean-square (rms) radii of neutron and proton distributions were determined for a number of stable isotopes. To this end both the neutron and the proton density distributions were assumed to have the form of a two-parameter Fermi distribution. The differences of rms radii are caused mostly by an increase in the neutron diffuseness and not in half-density radius. The results agree with corresponding data derived by other methods and with theoretical predictions.


Background Uveitis, a common extra-articular manifestation of SpA, has an estimated prevalence in patients (pts) with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) of 33.2%, which increases with disease duration and positive HLA-B27 status.1 Uveitis occurs in 10%–50% of SpA pts.1 The exposure-adjusted incidence rate [EAIR] of uveitis (combined new-onset and flares) reported in AS pts treated with TNF inhibitors is 2.6–3.5 per 100 patient-years (pt-yrs).2–5 Objectives To assess the incidence of uveitis in secukinumab-treated AS pts in long-term pooled clinical data from three phase 3 trials (MEASURE 1–3 [NCT01358175, NCT01649375, NCT02008916]) and from post-marketing analyses. Methods Analysis included pooled pt-level data from all pts in MEASURE 1 who received any dose (≥1) of secukinumab up to the last pt attending Week 156 study visit, and up to visit Week 156 in MEASURE 2 and visit Week 104 in MEASURE 3 for each patient, respectively. Post-marketing data were from the most recent periodic safety surveillance report. Incidence of uveitis is reported as EAIR per 100 pt-yrs of secukinumab exposure. Results In the phase 3 AS clinical trials, 135 (17%) pts reported pre-existing (but not active or ongoing) uveitis at baseline and 589 (74.2%) pts were HLA-B27 positive. The EAIR for uveitis was 1.4 per 100 pt-yrs over the entire treatment period (n=794). Among all cases of uveitis (n=26), 14 (54%) were flares in pts with a history of uveitis at baseline (Table). The EAIR of uveitis in the post-marketing data (based on cumulative secukinumab exposure of 96 054 pt-yrs) was 0.03 per 100 pt-yrs.Abstract SAT0270 – Table 1 Safety Analysis for Uveitis with Secukinumab in AS Data from Clinical Studies Number of clinical studies/pts included 3/794 Uveitis cases reported, n (%) Total 26 (3.3%) New onset cases 14 (1.8%) Treatment discontinuation 2 (0.3%) Treatment interruption 1 (0.1%) EAIR (95% confidence interval) per 100 pt-yrsa 1.4 (0.9–2.0) Post-Marketing Datab Cumulative estimated market experience (pt-treatment yrs)c 96 054 Cumulative number of cases reported 29 Crude incidence rate per 100 pt-yrs 0.03 aRates are for uveitis MedDRA preferred term bData from the periodic safety update report (PSUR) dated 10th August 2017 – includes all indications cEstimated based on cumulative worldwide sales volume and the average maintenance dose Conclusions: In secukinumab-treated pts with active AS, a low incidence of uveitis was observed, including new-onset cases and flares, in both clinical trials and post-marketing analyses. References [1] Zeboulon, et al. Ann Rheum Dis2008;67:955–59. [2] Wendling, et al. Curr Med Res Opin2014;30:2515–21. [3] Van der Heijde, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford)2017;56:1498–509. [4] Sieper, et al. Arthritis Rheum2014;66:S242. [5] Heldmann, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol2011;29:672–80. Disclosure of Interest A. Deodhar Grant/research support from: AbbVie Inc., Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc., UCB, Consultant for: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, C. Miceli-Richard Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Wyeth, Merck, Consultant for: Abbott/AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Merck, Pfizer, Wyeth, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Pfizer, Roche, Schering-Plough, Wyeth., X. Baraliakos Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant for: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, H. Marzo-Ortega Grant/research support from: Janssen and Pfizer, Consultant for: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Novartis and UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen and UCB, D. Gladman Grant/research support from: Amgen, AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB., Consultant for: Amgen, AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB., R. Martin Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis, J. Safi Jr Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis, B. Porter Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis, A. Shete Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis


Articulation tests are frequently used for four purposes: (1) audiometry, (2) evaluation of building acoustics, (3) evaluation of speech communication equipment, and (4) research in speech, hearing, and related topics. Several different kinds of tests are used, but all are relatively difficult to administer and evaluate, require special training or facilities for the experimenter, and are expensive. Frequently, training of the subjects poses a major problem. Quite a few laboratories are using articulation tests, but at present it is difficult to reproduce results among them. A subcommittee of the American Standards Association is endeavoring to write a standard for procedures in these tests which will result at least in the same rank order among a group of systems when each group is tested by several different laboratories. The major concerns of this committee have been test materials, selection and training of subjects, talker and listener levels, system usage, and the reporting of results. Recorded samp...


The correlation time delay estimation method is a basic method.But its resolution is limited by the code frequency.Based on the analysis of this method,a new high-resolution time delay estimation method is presented.It utilizes the high-resolution for frequency of max-entropy power spectrum estimation method.Firstly it changes the time delay to frequency shift by co-correlation power spectrum,then the power spectrum is equalized to a new time sequence.Finally max-entropy power spectrum is utilized to get high-resolution time delay estimation.The max-entropy power spectrum is based on the max-entropy theory,and has high frequency resolution.Simulation result is provided to verify the method's validity.It can give the correct estimation of time delay of double sample period.It is superior to the correlation time delay estimation method in resolution.


We report on quantitative, spatially resolved density, temperature, and velocity measurements on ground-state atomic hydrogen in an expanding thermal Ar–H plasma using two-photon excitation laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The method's diagnostic value for application in this plasma is assessed by identifying and evaluating the possibly disturbing factors on the interpretation of the LIF signal in terms of density, temperature, and velocity. In order to obtain quantitative density numbers, the LIF setup is calibrated for H measurements using two different methods. A commonly applied calibration method, in which the LIF signal from a, by titration, known amount of H generated by a flow-tube reactor is used as a reference, is compared to a rather new calibration method, in which the H density in the plasma jet is derived from a measurement of the two-photon LIF signal generated from krypton at a well-known pressure, using a known Kr to H detection sensitivity ratio. The two methods yield nearly the same re...


An in vitro cell culture system is developed for studying the uptake characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) by endothelial cells under shear stress. Results show that the smaller polystyrene nanospheres are uptaken more than larger nanospheres for sizes ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm for 12, 24, and 48 hrs delivery times. While the result is similar to that found in static cultures, the observed trend is different from NP delivery behaviors to a simple glass surface in a flow, where no clear size dependence was observed because of repulsive electrostatic force on marginating NPs. The trend is also opposite to the behavior found in another study of the adhesion of labeled particles onto endothelial cells in whole blood flow. The comparison shows that the reduced zeta potential of NPs in a serum-containing cell medium and particle removal by cells results in reduced repulsive electrostatic force on marginating NPs. Consequently, the uptake behaviors are dominated by Brownian diffusion and cell membrane deformation process, which favor the uptake of NPs with reduced sizes.


The current study focuses on the characterization of the nitrided layer, formed in American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 304L and AISI 904L austenitic stainless steels by industrial low‐temperature plasma nitriding, using combined analysis techniques. The study highlighted that the evolution of the microstructure of the nitrided layers is influenced by surface finishing prior to nitriding, alloying elements and nitriding conditions, all factors affecting S‐phase formation and nitrogen (N) diffusion mechanisms. The chemical bonding characteristics of Cr 2p3/2 and N 1s as revealed by XPS show a shift in binding energy between expanded austenite (S‐phase) and CrN‐like compounds. S‐phase has proven to be more stable in 904L, whereas residual and/or induced ferrite/martensite in 304L acts as a barrier for its development. © 2014 The Authors. Surface and Interface Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This dissertation analyzes the discursive operations and the construction of meanings by A Tarde Newspaper (State of Bahia) covering the theme of pollution (air, water, and soil) between the years of 2012 and 2015, in the search for its correlations with the Industrial Complex of Camacari. The theoretical and methodological bases of this research were the paradigms of the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin\2019s discourse and his Brazilian readers, such as Jose Luiz Fiorin, Milton Jose Pinto, and Inesita Soares Araujo. As we addressed these theorists, this dissertation does not apply what is canonically called the Discourse Analysis (AD), but seeks, based on these paradigms and on the reading of the Semiology of Social Discourses by Eliseo Veron, the understanding of the possible meanings constructed in the pollution theme coverage. We are interested in observing which features and contexts are relevant to discourses, how ideologies are built. It was considered as part of the context the issues of Modernity, the context of employment and industrialism in a society dominated by the financial capital, as well as the conditions in which the information about the environmental impact is produced as part of this perspective The research contextualizes the scenario in which A Tarde Newspaper is placed and asks how pollution, as a result of industrial activities, especially from the Industrial Complex of Camacari, arises in the effects of health senses. To that end, it analyzes 15 texts among articles and reports by A Tarde Newspaper and it indicates as results the disappearance of the Polo as a context or agent of the pollution scene, the predominance of Salvador as a scenario of interest for the newspaper to the detriment of other cities from the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, the unequal distribution of speech spaces, the ideological effect of pollution. Such results allow us to say that the observed newspaper does not consider pollution as a health, nor does it consider Camacari as a context in the pollution scene


This thesis presents a historicized account of the construction of identity within contemporary indie. Indie emerged as a music scene in the early 1980s, and existing scholarly accounts of it focus on practices of music production and consumption. Indie has expanded and diversified over the last 30 years, however. Crucially, in the UK it has become increasingly interconnected into popular fashion – a development that has transformed indie from being a space solely for the construction of masculine identities, as it was in the 1980s, into a space for the construction of both masculine and feminine identities. These transformations within indie have not been addressed, and one of the contributions of this research is to fill this gap.

This thesis contributes to the field of youth cultural studies by providing new knowledge on the relationship between youth culture and popular fashion. Drawing on the Bourdieuian concept 'field', the thesis explores the relationship between the sub-field of indie music and the field of popular fashion in the UK, arguing that contemporary indie forms at the points of overlap between these two fields: where their value systems are mutually informative and where their value systems diverge.

Drawing on Foucault's concepts 'discourse' and 'practices of the self', this thesis explores the way in which this complex popular cultural formation creates a space for the construction of identities. Through an analysis of media representations, it considers the discursive constitution of indie, and through an analysis of participant observation and interviews, it explores the ways in which those people participating in this formation construct the self. The thesis contributes to the field of fashion studies in that it draws together these two methodologies into an examination of the construction of identity and, more specifically, gendered identities.


Expert Systems are a new method developed by the branch of Computer Science known as Artificial Intelligence in order to make available the knowledge and the expertise of the specialists in a certain domain of the science to other operators in the same field. Most of their applications belong to the medical domain. In this paper the main features of the expert systems are briefly described. As an example the structure and the characteristics of the shell EXPERT (Weiss and Kulikowski, 1979) are presented in detail. This shell has already been used to develop several expert systems. It is the tool by which we constructed a consultation system (VERTIGO) aimed to classify different types of vertigo.


SLOPE BIAS 12dB FEATURES Complete Multistage Log-Limiting IF Amplifier 100 dB Dynamic Range: –78 dBm to +22 dBm (Re 50 V) Stable RSSI Scaling Over Temperature and Supplies: 20 mV/dB Slope, –95 dBm Intercept 60.4 dB RSSI Linearity up to 200 MHz Programmable Limiter Gain and Output Current Differential Outputs to 10 mA, 2.4 V p-p Overall Gain 100 dB, Bandwidth 500 MHz Constant Phase (Typical 680 ps Delay Skew) Single Supply of +2.7 V to +6.5 V at 16 mA Typical Fully Differential Inputs, RIN = 1 kV, CIN = 2.5 pF 500 ns Power-Up Time, <1 mA Sleep Current


The lecture is given in four parts, each being a step in the process of nozzle design, and within each part the methods and techniques preferred by the lecturer are presented. We begin with a reminder concerning control volumes and the separation of aerodynamic and propulsive forces and moments. Then it is demonstrated how an appropriate control volume can help define the propulsive force vector that maximises cruise efficiency. The third part recounts Rao's method for maximising thrust when nozzle length is restricted and the final part introduces a new, simpler, Method of Characteristics (MOC) for non-equilibrium flows.


Line feature extraction from point cloud is a useful technology in many application fields such as surveying, 3d reconstruction and self-driving. Currently, existing methods focus on line feature extraction solely from point cloud data while less focus has been put into point cloud with RGB texture information. This paper proposes a line extraction method from RGB laser point cloud under the RANSAC framework. The extracted line features include the intersection lines between planes, line features with depth discontinuity and those with change in RGB intensity values. The developed algorithm adopted plane segmentation of point cloud, bit map construction, line segment detection with global RANSAC. The experimental results show that the majority of the line features can be extracted while being robust to point cloud noise, outliers and missing data.


We describe our participation in the TREC 2003 Robust and Web tracks. For the Robust track, we experimented with the impact of stemming and feedback on the worst scoring topics. Our main finding is the effectiveness of stemming on poorly performing topics, which sheds new light on the role of morphological normalization in information retrieval. For both the home/named page finding and topic distillation tasks of the Web track, we experimented with different document representations and retrieval models. Our main finding is effectiveness of the anchor text index for both tasks, suggesting that compact document representations are a fruitful strategy for scaling-up retrieval systems.


fighting the urge to rise. But up here, the light freezes the ivory walls of the museum. The guard sleeps with his hands in his pockets. And the woman selling tickets drowns in her cubicle, the hard bubbles rising from her lips toward the sun. No one saw it sneaking in through a diamond of glass, etching its path of light. As I follow, the seas part and all the beautiful blind fish are thrown at my feet.


Let G be a non-complete graph such that its complement G is r-partite. In this paper, properties of the graph G are studied, including the Cohen-Macaulay property and the sequential Cohen-Macaulay property. For r = 2, 3, some constructions are established for G to be vertex decomposable and some sufficient conditions are provided for r ≥ 4.


Upon injury in a blood vessel, platelets become activated and adbere to prevent blood loss. Activated platelets express adhesion molecules on their surface that also make leukocytes adhere to the i ...


Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) are a means of simplifying the development of a large class of systems. There are many domains, however, where the domain constraints are so restrictive and the solution spaces so large that it is extremely difficult for a modeler to manually produce a correct solution using a DSML. For example, modeling the deployment of software components to nodes and observing configuration and resource constraints, even when only a few tens of model entities are present, can easily generate solution spaces with millions or more possibile deployments and few correct ones. This paper address the challenge of creating a Domain-Specific Intelligence Framework (DSIF) to help a modeler solve combinatorically challenging modeling problems. The paper provides five key contributions to the integration of DSMLs and model intelligence. 1) We present experiments showing how a domainspecific knowledge base and domain-specific solution algorithms can greatly reduce the complexity of integrating a solver. 2) We provide methods for templatizing a Knowledge Base (KB) and KB-based constraint solvers so that they can be paramertized by a metamodel. 3) We present experiments validating that a metamodel-parameterized KB and solvers require less code and provide superior performance to generic KBs and solvers. 4) We illustrate methods for using an Observer, templatized by a metamodel, to translate events from the object graph of a DSML tool into DSKB events and DSKB events back to object graph events. 5) Finally, we present a case-study based on a tool for sovling AUTOSAR, an automotive modeling standard, deployment problems.


Individualized education programs are considered the cornerstone of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act and serve as the means to determine whether qualified students with disabilities receive a Free Appropriate Public Education. This article aims to examine a recent circuit court ruling regarding the applicability of retrospective testimony to determine the appropriateness of an individualized education program and to discuss implications for practice. The authors first review case law and provide a summary of the court's rationale. They subsequently discuss implications for practice.


Objectives:To: (1) investigate the clinical efficacy of acellular dermal matrix allograft to achieve increased peri-implant keratinized mucosa around implants, and (2) evaluate the effect as to whether the increase of keratinized mucosa has a positive effect on oral hygiene. Materials and Methods:There were 10 male patients, ranging from 43 to 53 years of age, with attached gingiva ≤2 mm on the buccal aspect included in this study. Acellular dermal matrix allograft was used to increase the keratinized mucosa on the buccal side. Results:The change of peri-implant pocket depth showed statistical differences among 3 measurements. The modified plaque index at 3 and 6 months showed statistical differences compared with the baseline measurements. The modified gingival index did not show any significant differences among all measurements. The width of peri-implant keratinized mucosa increased from a mean of 0.8 ± 0.6 to 3.2 ± 0.9 mm at 3 months and 2.2 ± 0.6 mm at 6 months. Conclusions:It is concluded that the acellular dermal matrix allograft could be applied as a grafting material to increase the width of peri-implant keratinized mucosa. Its procedure appears to have some benefits for oral hygiene. Further randomized controlled trials over long periods of time are necessary to establish whether this procedure offers long-tem benefits to patients.


Background: C-reactive protein point of care tests (CRP-POCTs) for reducing unnecessary antibiotic use without harming patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) in primary care have not been evaluated in randomized trials. Methods: Patients consulting at 86 general practices in England and Wales with AECOPD were randomized to undergo CRP-POCT guided management or usual management without a CRP-POCT. The co-primary outcomes were patient-reported antibiotic consumption for AECOPD within four weeks (superiority), and COPD health status measured by the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) at two weeks (non-inferiority). Results: 653 participants were randomized. Antibiotics were consumed by 57.0% CRP-POCT and 77.4% usual care participants (adjusted odds ratio = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.47). Adjusted mean CCQ score difference at two-weeks was -0.19 points lower (better) for CRP-POCT participants (two-sided 90% CI: -0.33 to -0.05). CRP-POCT participants were prescribed 22% fewer antibiotics at initial consultation (47.7% vs 69.7%, AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.45), and 21% fewer antibiotics over four-week follow-up (59.1% vs 79.7%, AOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.46). There were no meaningful between-group differences in secondary clinical, microbiological, condition specific quality of life, or service utilization outcomes. Conclusions: Primary care physician use of CRP-POCT guided management of AECOPD in primary care achieves meaningful reductions in patient reported antibiotic consumption and clinician antibiotic prescribing without a detrimental effect on patient-reported specific health status.


Gibson & Wiseman (1951) showed that the L forms of a number of amino acids disappeared from the lumen of the intestine of the rat more rapidly than the corresponding D-enantiomorphs, and they regarded this as evidence for the existence of a stereochemically specific mechanism for active absorption of L-amino acids. Wiseman (1953) showed that from solutions of a number of racemic amino acids the L-enantiomorphs could be transferred against a concentration gradient by the intestine in vitro, but that this did not occur with the D-enantiomorphs, and these results were confirmed by Agar, Hird & Sidhu (1953). Matthews & Smyth (1954) showed that the L-enantiomorphs of some amino acids appeared in the blood stream in larger quantities than the D-enantiomorphs when the racemic amino acid was present in the lumen of the intestine. All these results were in keeping with the view that transport of L-amino acids involves an active process, and it was assumed that this did not apply to D-amino acids. Further evidence, however, suggested that this view on D-amino acid transfer must be revised, since it was shown by Jervis & Smyth (1959a) that competition between some Dand L-amino acids was possible, and also by Jervis & Smyth (1959b) that the rates of absorption of both the Dand L-enantiomorphs of histidine and methionine were not proportional to their concentration in the intestine. The following experiments were therefore undertaken to obtain more evidence for the possible existence of an active mechanism for transfer of D-amino acids. A preliminary account has been given by Jervis & Smyth (1958).


This paper propose an idea of simple gesture distinction, which is under study by three innovative projects, including the topics of walking stick movement recognition, hand gesture recognition and building walking model generation. First, walking stick movement recognition project is presented, which is designed for senior people to interact with computer systems by using walking stick as a gesture-based input device. Next, hand gesture recognition method project is presented, which is designed for general users to interact with ubiquitous network services without conventional WIMP interface systems. Obtaining acceleration data from spatial gesture, this paper shows how to distinct the different numbers. Then, walking model generation project is presented, which aims at recognizing walking status from sensor data and generates its corresponding walking model to show the results of recognition. This paper reviews the results of the experiments and discusses the feasibility of the interface.


Abstract Thermal considerations can help resolve two of the most challenging problems in later Palaeolithic archaeology – the demise of Neanderthals and the emergence of modern human behaviour. Both can be viewed as reflecting interactions between biological and behavioural cold adaptations, in the context of extreme climatic fluctuations during the Upper Pleistocene. Recent studies draw attention to the special difficulties these conditions posed for humans but few give sufficient regard to the need for adequate pre-adaptations, namely technologies for manufacturing complex clothing assemblages. It is argued here that pre-existing biological cold adaptations delayed the development of such technological capacities among Neanderthals, resulting ultimately in their extinction. In contrast, the greater biological vulnerability of fully modern humans promoted a precocious appearance of behavioural adaptations among some (though not all) groups, visible in the various archaeological markers of modern human behaviour.


Abstract Selecting a desirable remediation technology is an emergency task for drought and infertile loess with serious dispersal of petroleum pollution in the region of Yanchang Oilfield, Yan'an, ...


When announcing the celebrations of our 70 years of publication, we immediately questioned ourselves about the motive of such celebrations. After all, what and why were we celebrating?! Was it just for protocol? Political reasons? To attend our own interests? NO! We were celebrating the evolution!Not only the simple evolution of our Journal as such, or the evolution of its respective trajectory; but mainly, what it has represented, and currently represents, for teaching and research activities, for technologi-cal development and, ultimately, for the Pharmaceutical Sciences in our country.When looking for information respecting the beginning of our publication, we found in the words from Prof. Lineu Prestes, at that time director of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Odontology of the University of Sao Paulo, the enthusiasm that marked an epoch of great advancement: "…the pharmaceutical teaching reaches its aspiration to possess a laboratory of industrial assays, where Brazilian raw materials will be studied and utilized, enriching our economy; laboratories such as the one of Botany and Pharmacognosy had their facilities very improved, enriching the teaching material with expensive apparatuses that will develop, from now on, studies related to our rich and exuberating medicinal flora; the laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy, which constitutes the better national teaching organization of this important discipline, is ready to develop researches and works that will fatefully result in scientific and technical amelioration of Brazilian pharma-ceutical specialties; the laboratory of Chemical Pharmacy, which is well installed now, will induce in the students the investigative spirit and provide them with the necessary resources for the study of drugs under this pharmacologic aspect…, the laboratories of Analytical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Chemistry have suffered a deep renovation and are apt to form scientists who will attend the social feature of great in-dustries concerning to intoxications of professional origin, besides to shape men of science able to face the serious problem of modern chemical warfare; the Parasitology laboratory, which is currently provided with ample facilities, could concur for the solution of serious medical problems." (Prestes, 1939). It was under this perspective and with a spirit of great enthusiasm the previously called Faculty of Pharmacy and Odontology of the University of Sao Paulo started the publication of the


A study of rock phosphate (RP) mines, rich in R2O3 (Fe2O3 and Al2O3) contents, was done to explore the possibilities of isolating and characterizing thermo-tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) having the ability to solubilize ferric phosphate (Fe-P) and aluminium phosphate (Al-P) efficiently. One hundred and ten thermo-tolerant PSB were isolated employing Pikovskaya (PVK) broth amended with RP, and six of these isolates were selected for further study. The phosphate solubilizing efficiency (PSE) was determined in PVK broth containing tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (Hy-P), Fe-P, Al-P or RP. These isolates showed solubilization of all the phosphorus (P) sources used in this study, particularly Fe-P, Al-P and RP. The main mechanism of P-solubilization seemed to be mediated by the production of organic acids leading to medium acidification. HPLC analysis revealed production of multiple organic acids (oxalic, citric, malic, succinic, formic, acetic and gluconic acids) in the culture supernatant along with some unknown acids. Based on the partial sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, these thermo-tolerant isolates were found to belong to two bacterial genera, Brevibacillus and Bacillus.


The etiology and pathogenesis of infantile enterospasm lie in improper diet,cold attack or depressed feelings which leads to malfunction of the spleen to transport,abnormal ascending and descending of the middle energizer qi,stagnated qi and blood in the meridians and thus stagnation leads to pain. Professor Liu makes a point of differentiating the cold,heat,deficiency and excess and the accompanying general condition. Based on the conditions,he categorized this disease into the following syndromes for the treatment. Syndrome of milk-food stagnation should be treated with the principle of digesting food and promoting digestion,moving qi and resolving blood,with modified Baohe Pill for the treatment. Syndrome of deficient cold in the middle energizer should be treated with the principle of warming the interior and dispelling cold,activating qi to stop pain,with modified Lizhong Decoction for the treatment. Syndrome of heat accumulation in the spleen and stomach should be treated with the principle of clearing heat and inducing defecation,activating qi to stop pain,with modified Chengqi Decoction. Syndrome of liver qi depression should be treated with the principle of dispersing liver and regulating qi,harmonizing stomach to stop pain,with modified Chaihu Shugan Powder.


In this paper, I analyse Hans Kelsen's understanding of jurisprudence and law – by contrasting the normative-dogmatic understanding, which I will call "authoritarian". By establishing the primacy of politics and rejecting the prescriptive function of jurisprudence, Hans Kelsen enabled a democratic concept of law (and of jurisprudence), and at the same time a critical and political approach. Kelsen defines the law from a dynamic perspective, which justifies the constant changeability of the law – and in this respect the primacy of democratic politics over dogmatic jurisprudence. The normative basis for Kelsen's understanding of jurisprudence is his relativism, which is based on a moral position on the autonomy of the individual.