Many scholars have argued that census-taking was a key organizing power of colonial rule, used to count, classify, and aid in the "scientific" governance of colonized populations (Cohn 1987, Uvin 2002, Cordell, Ittmann and Maddox 2010). In this paper, I explore the history and present-day significance of the census in Tanzania, focusing on major censuses from 1921 to 2012. Based on archival research in Tanzania and England and ethnographic participant observation of the 2012 Tanzania national census, I argue that the practice of census-taking in colonial and post-colonial Tanzania was—and remains—complex, highly contentious, and far less hegemonic than some accounts suggest. In particular, censuses have struggled to account for the high degree of mobility and migration in many Tanzanian populations, including pastoralists and hunter-gatherers, laborers, and those with unstable land or housing tenure (Setel 1999). I explore two themes: the limitations of colonial and post-colonial demographic knowledge and governance, and the various ways in which Tanzanian people have resisted the census or fought for the right to be counted. In conclusion, I describe the controversies surrounding the 2012 Tanzanian census, and how this event can inform understandings of knowledge, governance, power, participation and resistance in Tanzania today.


The piecewise nonlinearity of Chua's double scroll system is replaced with a cubic nonlinearity. This nonlinearity is analogous to that of the Duffing equation. It is shown through simulation studies that the resulting system responds in a qualitatively similar manner to Chua's system. Other systems with cubic feedback are discussed.


An image noise removal method based on hierarchal subbands shrinkage (HSS) via smooth-shrinking method is proposed in this paper. Small coefficients are often thought to be due to noise, but some of them may be due to fine image features. Unlike the soft- or hard-thresholding just set those small coefficients to zero,smooth-shrinking shrinks them to some extent. Universal thresholding shrinks all subbands by a universal threshold, but HSS shrinks each subband by special selected thresholds. As an efficient optimization method, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is adopted to modify or optimize those special thresholds for smooth shrinkage. HSS was superior to universal shrinkage and Wiener filering in terms of MSE. HSS could keep more fine details preserved and obtain better subjective image quality. The optimization achieved by PSO improved the noise removal performance of HSS.


Introduction. Research on self-regulated learning suggests that self-regulated students have a more active metacognitive, motivational and behavioral participation in the learning process, generating more metacognitive strategies, expectations of positive self-efficacy, modification of ineffective actions and more adjustment of goals. Student satisfaction has been defined as the perception of their own process and product obtained, being a variable of attitudinal performance. The performance has been considered as the achievement of the competence and performance standards in an assessment task. The present investigation is centered in the establishment of the paper of the emotional variables and its relations with those of motivational and cognitive character, within the framework of the models 3P and DIDEPRO. Method. A total of 250 students from the University of Almeria (Spain, corresponding to the second and fourth years of the Bachelor's and Bachelor's degrees, respectively) participated in this research. . It was evaluated through the Interactive Assessment Scale of the Teaching-Learning Processes, EIPEA in its dimensions, self-regulated learning and satisfaction with learning. The academic performance (conceptual, procedural and attitudinal) was obtained through the request to the teacher of the qualifications of each student. The commitment-exhaustion was evaluated through a validated Spanish version of the Marlach Bournout Inventory Survey-Utrech Work Engegement Scale for Students, with adequate reliability and construct validity indexes. The completion of the questionnaires was done anonymously, in class and in different weeks. An ex post-facto research design was used. The analyzes carried out in relation to the objectives and hypotheses proposed were of association (Pearson bivariate correlations). Results Self-regulated learning showed a positive association relationship with engagement, planning, meaningful learning and study techniques. Satisfaction with learning appeared associated with engagement, especially with absorption. Total performance appeared positively and significantly associated with engagement and negatively with engagement, especially between procedural performance and engagement. Discussion. The results confirm two aspects. On the one hand, the relevance of the 3P and DIDEPRO models, as consistent heuristics for the analysis of the university teaching-learning process. On the other, the importance of positive emotional (engagement) vs. negative (bournout), associated with self-regulated learning constructs, satisfaction with learning and procedural and attitudinal performance.


Two distinct size classes of Acartia clausi were allowed to graze on two different-sized species of the chain-forming diatom Thalassiosira. Both copepod size classes dismembered the larger T. gravida chains, producing a high frequency of smaller particles when T. gravida was in high concentrations. In low particle concentrations of T. gravida, the production of small particles was obscured by ingestion. Some particle dismembering might have occurred with the smaller T. nordenskioldii, but the effect also was masked by ingestion. Such particle modification might require a re-examination of past grazing data.

Particle volume ingestion was plotted as a function of particle volume concentration. At high particle densities, both large and small A. clausi could ingest greater volumes of the large T. gravida particles than the smaller T. nordenskioldii particles. At low particle volume densities, both size classes of copepod ingested similar volumes of both diatoms. Large A. clausi ingested greater food volume than small A. clausi, except at the very lowest food volume density (where ingestion was similar). Great variability in the ingestion data occurred as a result of copepod collections in different seasons of different years, and the use of single grazing coefficients is discussed in the light of this variability.


The article summarizes recent studies investigating mechanisms of collateral flow variability in stroke and the role of pericytes in cerebral microcirculation and stroke.


Soil microbe quantities,microbial carbon and nitrogen contents,and their fractal characteristics were studied in seven typical vegetation restoration patterns in Nverzhai watershed in northwest Hunan,including Pinus massoniana natural forest (Ⅰ),Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (Ⅱ),Eucommia ulmoides plantation (Ⅲ),Vernicia fordii plantation (Ⅳ),Machilus pingii secondary forest (Ⅴ),Phyllostachys edulis-C. lanceolata mixed forest (Ⅵ),wasteland-shrub (Ⅶ). It was found that the bacterial number was 2.153×10~5~5.60×10~6 cfu·g~ -1 which was the highest proportion of 72.83%~92.77% in total soil microbe,followed by actinomycial and fungous ones whose number and proportion were 7.57×10~4~3.89×10~5 cfu·g~ -1 ,6.44%~ 25.61% and 4.60×10~3~4.77×10~4 cfu·g~ -1 ,0.79%~1.99% respectively. Soil microbial biomass C(MBC) was higher in all the other six forest patterns than in Ⅶ,and ranked as the following: Ⅴ(38.99%~39.67%)Ⅲ(30.90%~35.31%)Ⅵ( 23.86%~ 26.60%)Ⅳ(10.17%~10.24%)Ⅱ(5.89%~6.11%)Ⅰ(0.27%~1.09%)Ⅶ in the soil layer of 0~40 cm. Except for pattern Ⅰ,soil microbial biomass N(MBN) was higher in the other five forest patterns than that in Ⅶ,with a rank of Ⅴ(43.46%~44.27%)Ⅵ(29.10%~29.60%)Ⅲ(22.91%~24.11%)Ⅱ(5.20%~5.93%)Ⅳ(2.20%~4.45%)Ⅶ. These results showed that MBC and MBN of pattern Ⅶ were lower than that of forest patterns on the whole. There was an obvious fractal characteristics between MBC and bacterial number (D=5.446 5,R=0.672 0,P= 0.008 5 ),followed by MBC and actinomycial number (D=5.358 4,R=0.639 1,P=0.013 9),MBN and bacterial number (D=3.687 4,R=0.593 2,P=0.025 3). However,the fractal model of MBN and actinomycial number was not significant (R=0.332 1,P=0.246 0),and there also did not exist fractal relations for MBC,MBN and fungous number.


Objective To investigate the clinical application of wave intensity(WI)technique in assessing the systolic function of left ventricle in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Ninety-four CHF patients and one-hundred twenty-seven healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study.AU CHF patients were divided into 3 groups by classification of NYHAⅡ-Ⅳ.The magnitude of W1,and the length of R-W1 interval as well as W1-W2 interval were recorded by WI technique.Left ventricular diameters and volumes in end systole and in end diastole were measured in 2D echocardiography,then calculated left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).By pulsed wave tissue Doppler,the peak velocity of mitral annulus at systolic phase(Sm)was measured.Those parameters of left ventricular systolic function of all subjects were studied to observe the differences existed in the 4 groups,and to investigate the relationship between the WI indices and regular echocardiographic parameters.Results Compared with the control group,W1 was lower and W1-W2 interval was shorter in CHF groups,while R-W1 interval was longer(P<0.01).Among all CHF groups,patients of NYHAⅢ-Ⅳ had lower W1 than those of NYHA class Ⅱ.The amplitude of W1 were closely related to LVEF and Sm in CHF group(r1=0.62,P<0.01;r2=0.48,P<0.01).Conclusions As a novel hemodynamic index which could evaluate the integral behavior of cardiovascular system,WI provides a potential exploration in conveniently and effectively assessing the LV systolic function of CHF patients.

Key words:
Echocardiography; Heart failure; congestive; Ventricular function; left; Wave intensity


I conducted this study of on-line stability detectors to learn more about stability check ing in VLSI circuitry and how I varied the conditions in order to try to find trends on


Background. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a key risk factor of in-hospital mortality. However, in patients with normal renal function before CABG, acute kidney injury develops after the procedure, making postoperative renal function assessment necessary for evaluation. Postoperative eGFR and its association with long-term survival have not been well studied. Methods. We studied 13,593 consecutive CABG patients in northern New England from 2001 to 2006. Patients with preoperative dialysis were excluded. Data were linked to the Social Security Association Death Master File to assess long-term survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank techniques were used. Patients were stratified by established categories of postoperative eGFR (90 or greater, 60 to 89, 30 to 59,15 to 29, and less than 15 mL ·min -1 ·1.73 m -2 ). Results. Median follow-up was 2.8 years (mean, 2.7; range, 0 to 5.5). Patients with moderate to severe acute kidney injury (less than 60) after CABG had significantly worse survival than patients with little or no acute kidney injury (90 or greater). Conclusions. Patients having moderate to severe acute kidney injury after CABG surgery had worse 5-year survival compared with patients who had normal or near-normal renal function.


Abstract: The Relational ranking method applies authority-based ranking in relational dataset that can be modeled as graphs considering also their tuples' values. Authority directions from tuples that contain the given keywords and transfer to their corresponding neighboring nodes in accordance with their values and semantic connections. From our previous work, ObjectRank extends to ValueRank that also takes into account the value of tuples in authority transfer flows. In a maked difference from ObjectRank, which only considers authority flows through relationships, it is only valid in the bibliographic databases e.g. DBLP dataset, ValueRank facilitates the estimation of importance for any databases, e.g. trading databases, etc. A relational keyword search paradigm Object Summary (denote as OS) is proposed recently, given a set of keywords, a group of Object Summaries as its query result. An OS is a multilevel-tree data structure, in which node (namely the tuple with keywords) is OS's root node, and the surrounding nodes are the summary of all data on the graph. But, some of these trees have a very large in total number of tuples, size- l OSs are the OS snippets, have also been investigated using ValueRank.We evaluated the real bibliographical dataset and Microsoft business databases to verify of our proposed approach.


The present invention provides a paste type nickel electrode for a storage cell having an alkaline electrolyte, the electrode comprising a current collector and a paste containing a nickel-based hydroxide and an oxidized compound of cobalt syncrystallized with at least one other element, wherein said hydroxide forms a first powder and wherein said compound forms a second powder distinct from said first powder, said powders being mixed mechanically within said paste.


A device for the formation of a prosthetic plane of the upper jaw check-bite in the course of the prosthodontic treatment of the patients with completely absent dentition was developed in order to improve the formation of the prosthetic plane during complete removable laminar dentures manufacturing. The objective was achieved by the fact that the bite plate of the device was made in the form of U-shaped supporting ruler with a fork-like extension on both sides and with a pocket in the central part. The bite plates for the frontal and chewing parts of the upper jaw check-bite were inserted into the pocket. The bite plates were made removable, the frontal plate was T-shaped, and the chewing one was fork-like with rounded forks. The device was additionally equipped with a movable ruler to record strict parallel alignment in relation to the Camper and inter-pupillary lines. The supporting ruler was equipped with two vertical columns of square shape with symmetric millimeter scales, along which the vertical movements of the movable ruler were conducted and its parallel alignment was recorded in relation to the supporting ruler. The movable ruler was additionally equipped with a leveling device fixed in its central part to position the patient's head relative to the horizon line. The use of bite plates for the frontal and chewing parts of the upper jaw check-bite and the provision of structural elements in the form of the supporting and movable rulers with the possibility of moving the movable ruler on the vertical columns of the supporting ruler provide a fast, comfortable, precise and uniform formation of the prosthetic plane of the upper jaw check-bite parallel to the Camper and inter-pupillary lines in the prosthodontic treatment of the patients with completely absent dentition.


Determination of the shear wave velocity, Vs, is an integral part in creation of reservoir geomechanical models. This parameter together with the compressional wave velocity and rock density are utilized to calculate the dynamic elastic moduli of the subsurface formations. In well logging, the Vs can be directly measured through the Dipole Shear Sonic Imager (DSI) logs which need special requirements and technical considerations. Therefore, many researchers have strived to develop cost-effective accurate methods for Vs estimation in the oil/gas fields. The Kharg Island offshore oilfields, located in the Persian Gulf, consist of a giant limestone reservoir called Asmari formation. In the past, numerous studies were conducted to develop mathematical relations for Vs prediction in the Asmari reservoir; however those relations were not capable of estimating the Vs values correctly. In this research, the well logging data related to a vertical offshore well was utilized to develop three mathematical relations for Vs estimation in the Asmari formation. To do this, linear regression (LR), Multivariate Regression (MLR), and Gene Expression Programing (GEP) methods were applied. Moreover, the accuracy of those relations was compared with some available empirical correlations for Vs prediction in limestone rocks. Comparing the results of those data-driven equations with the empirical equations illustrated that the results of the GEP method are more accurate than other equations. Moreover, the Pickett empirical correlation was found to be more suitable than other empirical correlations for Vs estimation in the Asmari reservoir. The methodology applied in this research is a reliable procedure to estimate the Vs in the study area as well as other geologically similar oil reservoirs. Such an application leads to generation of robust geomechanical models increasing the project success and oilfield development progression.


This study investigates the effect of the threat of legal sanctions on intentions to commit three types of offenses with a representative sample of 744 officially adjudicated youth with varying histories of offenses and gang involvement. In a departure from previous research, the authors find small severity effects for property crimes that are not negated by past offending experience, morality, or anticipated loss of respect from adults or peers. Gang members appear to be vulnerable to the effects of certainty of punishment for vehicle theft. These results challenge the current crime policy of increased reliance on punishment to deter gang crime but suggest that increasing gang members' certainty of apprehension might hold some promise for reduction of some gang crime.


A 1152×760×1280 direct numerical simulation (DNS) using initial conditions, geometry, and physical parameters chosen to approximate those of a transitional, small Atwood number Rayleigh–Taylor mixing experiment [Mueschke et al., J. Fluid Mech. 567, 27 (2006)] is presented. In particular, the Atwood number is 7.5×10−4, and temperature diffusion is modeled by mass diffusion with an equivalent Schmidt number of 7. The density and velocity fluctuations measured just off of the splitter plate in this buoyantly unstable water channel experiment were parametrized to provide physically realistic, anisotropic initial conditions for the DNS. The methodology for parametrizing the measured data and numerically implementing the resulting perturbation spectra in the simulation is discussed in detail. The DNS is then validated by comparing quantities from the simulation to experimental measurements. In particular, large-scale quantities (such as the bubble front penetration hb and the mixing layer growth parameter αb), ...


The chaotic behaviors in a special mathieu function was analyzed by phase diagrams,Lyapunov exponent,Lyapunov dimension,Poincare map and global bifurcation graphs.Controlling the chaotic behaviors are based on the analysis.The chaotic behaviors in a special Mathieu function were controlled by means of the coupled feedback controlling method.By selecting proper controlling parameters according to bifurcation graph,the chaotic motions of the system can be successfully converted to the stable periodic orbits under coupled feedback controlling method.


This close reading of the film The Wind (Victor Sjöström, 1928), from Dorothy Scarborough's novel, attempts to analyze the film's construction of space, mapping the gradual merger between subjective and objective, corresponding to the heroine's (Lillian Gish) increasing degree of psychic instability, and culminating in a violent storm at night, where all boundaries are being transgressed. Through references to Scandinavian landscape portrayal in the 1910s cinema as well as to Western or Gothic tropes, the image of nature in the film is examined. The essay finally compares the ending of the novel and the film, and discusses the reversal in terms of sexual politics.


The current study explored whether, consistent with Wegner's (1994) theory of ironic process of mental control, instructions to suppress rape-related thoughts would lead to paradoxical increases in the accessibility and distress associated with these thoughts. In order to minimize experimental artifacts, instructions and assessments were designed to be unobtrusive. Although no effects of suppression instructions on rape-related distress emerged, directed suppression was associated with a concurrent increase in heart rate. In addition, directed suppression led to a medium-sized effect of increased accessibility, although this effect was nonsignificant due to small sample size. Finally, individual differences in the tendency to suppress thoughts were associated with increased accessibility in the suppression condition, suggesting that thought control strategies may be particularly problematic when they are chronically employed.


We present a three-phase segmentation analysis designed to highlight the heterogeneity of forest ownership values and attitudes toward government control, privacy, and environmental protection held by a sample of Massachusetts private forest owners. This case study explores private forest owner characteristics that are associated with enrollment into Massachusetts' Chapter 61 current-use forest property tax program, which requires a professionally prepared lO-year forest management plan. We suggest the key to increasing landowner participation in forest management programs is to (1) recognize this heterogeneity of the target population, and (2) tailor the program to meet segment specific needs and desires. North. J. Appl. For. 23(1):27-34.


The overall circuit designing of one path phased array transmitter consisting of 90 nm CMOS integrated power amplifier and passive phase shifter for the first three channels in 60 GHz band, is described. The performance investigation is based on a hybrid analysis and optimization. It consists of both electromagnetic (Method of Moments (MOM)) analysis for improving the accuracy of the models in this frequency and circuit analysis (Harmonic Balance (HB) - Circuit Envelope (CE)) in order to evaluating the nonlinearity behavior of the transmitter, for the passive and active parts, respectively. This procedure resulted in an acceptable performance of the average insertion gain of 13dB, peak PAE of 12.5%, P1dB of 7.5dBm, and 360° continues phase shifting for one path transmitter, which is desirable for 60 GHz phased array front ends. Furthermore the output constellation and spectrum satisfy the single carrier (SC) IEEE 802.15.3c standard.


The new South Africa has a strong discourse of re-nationalisation and the formation of a common identity, and whilst legislations exist which are intended to preserve and house archives, museums and special collections, the will to achieve this is carried out within a specific political context, meaning that funds to be allocated for these projects are often much less considered than budgets for housing, education and social services. This paper draws heavily on personal experience in working on community projects in Georgetown, Edendale, and Mpophomeni, and the challenges faced in achieving access to funds in addition to access to support.


Based on the complexity of geological structure of coal fields and the growing exhaustion of coal resources in Fujian,this paper analyzes the characteristics of complex coal seams and the causes of low recovery ratio in coal resources.The paper then presents measures on how to improve coal recovery ratio.


The research was conducted to determine the needs of teachers for their continuous professional development and to create an individual professional development plan for this aim. This study utilized qualitative investigation; the Heideggerian Phenomenology design was employed. This study seeks to comprehend the phenomenon from the participant's point of view and through their experiences. In total, twenty teachers from Philippine schools were interviewed. The interviews were verbatim captured on tape and then transcribed. Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the data: (a) IPPD gives greater insights and improves performance; (b) IPPD allows putting into practice the appropriate trainings and seminars attended; and (c) IPPD impacts students' learning and behaviour. Based on the findings, professional development can encourage teachers' creativity and help break up the monotony of daily work. Offering regular professional development can also assist individuals in acquiring fresh knowledge and viewpoints that may influence how they approach their work. Furthermore, it is critical to give financial support for teachers' professional growth, as seen by the difficulties they face.


In this essay, four intellectual experiences based on culture, which had the objective of generating self-esteem in the black population of America, will be analyzed. Marcus Garvey's pan-African ideal, the poetry of the Black movement Harlem Renaissance, the renovating verses of Nicolas Guillen and the incisive journalism of Gustavo Urrutia helped to construct a black subjectivity of liberating nature. --- Original in Spanish.


An opinion survey regarding the place of health education in the general medical care system was conducted. 356 in- and out-patients and 229 workers at 2 teaching hospitals and 2 health care centers were surveyed. It was the significant majority opinion among doctors nurses and technicians that health education should be integrated into health care. More doctors than either the nurses or the technicians favored the combination of health education with medical care. Each group viewed its jobs as the ideal situations for imparting health education. It was seen that the hospital provides a favorable climate for health education but that it is not being utilized adequately. Much communication occurs between health professionals and patients; most of it is routine and directional in nature and unplanned in occurrence. The improved integration of health education with medical care can be achieved with strengthened worker training in health education.


Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication is a promising enabling technology for future broadband wireless services. A simple, scalable, distributed, efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol is of critical importance to utilize the large bandwidth UWB channels and enable numerous new applications and services cost-effectively. In this paper, by investigating the characteristics of UWB communications, we propose a distributed, exclusive region (DEX) based MAC protocol. The proposed DEX protocol capitalizes on the spatial multiplexing gain of UWB networks by reserving exclusive regions (ER) surrounding the sender and receiver for data and acknowledgment (ACK) transmissions, so that users can efficiently and fairly share network resources in a distributed and asynchronous manner. We further quantify the network performance bounds and derive the optimal ER size to maximize the expected network transport throughput for a dense, multi-hop UWB network. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the DEX protocol. This work explores how to effectively utilize the wireless spatial capacity of distributed, multi-hop wireless networks by optimizing protocol parameters, instead of depending on more complicated control messages.


The experiment of approval voting and evaluation voting (2, 1, 0) conducted in parallel with the first round of the French presidential elections in 2007 is intended to study the influence of voting methods upon the expression of individual preferences in votes. The comparison between gross results of tested methods and official vote's opens promising leads of research.
 Classification JEL: C93, D72


The formation of silicate particles upon gradual addition of TEOS to concentrated TPAOH and TBAOH solutions, and upon dilution with water and aging, was studied with in situ X-ray scattering (XRS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The samples for the GPC analyses were obtained by extraction of the particles from solution via a sequence of acidification with HCl, salting out with NaCl, and phase transfer into tetrahydrofuran. XRS and GPC reveal the presence of populations of particles with discrete sizes and number molecular weights, respectively, growing through aggregation. The entities forming in TPAOH are identified on the basis of their size and number molecular weight relationships with species previously identified in these suspensions by 29Si NMR and other independent techniques. A mathematical expression for the X-ray scattering function is derived for particles with slab shape. When dimensions of 1.3 × 4.0 × 4.0 nm, corresponding to the nanoslab with MFI structure, or integer multiples of ...


All local authorities provide facilities to household owners who are rate payers. All of
these facilities need to be provided in the first place and managed efficiently to enhance
the services provided by them. With high expectations from rate payers (high quality
services at low cost), there is an urgent need for qualified and professionally trained
Facilities Managers to manage these facilities in the local authorities. The research will
identify existing job specifications among Local Authority (LA) officers involved in
Facilities Management (FM). This research involves data collection with the LA
personnel department through questionnaires and personal interviews of officers
involved in FM/property management. It is expected that a professional link and
database with most of the LA could be developed. This database could be used later to
promote courses & CPD activities and other collaborative work made available at the
Centre of Excellence for Facilities Management (CEFM).


This thesis is a study of the relationship between India and Australia from 1947 when India became a sovereign country, to 1975, which marked the end of the Whitlam
Government's period in office.


This paper presents a general design theory for filter-networks constructed on the basis of theory of the Abelian Integral. An ideal transmission function is defined to be an Anbelian Integral w(\lambda) with the following properties: 1) Re w(\lambda) = u(\lambda) = A_k in given regions B_k , 2) \{u(\lambda) - \log | \lambda + a_i|\} is regular at any given point a_i , and 3) otherwise u(\lambda) is a harmonic function. The application of appropriate analytic transformation techniques to w(\lambda) leads to a generalized characteristic function \phi(\lambda)) . All kinds of realizable transfer functions can be derived by the use of linear transformations of \{\phi(\lambda)\}^2 with respect to \lambda^2 . Further, this treatise gives the design methods for filter-networks having one or two pass bands, in which they exhibit the Tchebycheff performance. Besides the method is also established to synthesize a reactance band-pass network with the order N using only [(N - 1)/2] coils. Three design examples, such that the band-pass filter comprising only 6 coils for N = 13 and 4 coils for N = 10 , and the double-pass-band filters with N = 8 and 4 coils, are described in quite detail. All of the examples have the Tchebycheff performance in their pass bands.


Established mammalian cells were assayed for their resistance to different selection conditions which had not been used against these cells before, including exposure to thioguanine, ethionine, high temperature and a protein-free, chemically defined culture medium. Single assays were negative, showing that the cell lines contained no spontaneous mutants, or that these were present in a number below detectable limits. To obtain such mutants, we designed experiments of mutant isolation by serial assays. The cells were kept growing without selection and, at each passage, cell samples were withdrawn and assayed for resistance in separate cultures. As a result, we found no mutants at the beginning, then a few and, finally, a great number. This was in conflict with the postulate of random occurrence of mutants and, furthermore, with their spontaneousness. On the contrary, the results provided evidence that mutants occurred as an appropriate response to selection pressure. The most amazing feature was that this response could be detected in cells growing without selection and never exposed to selection pressure before. If one tried to explain the adaptive response in terms of signals, the signals would have to travel from the exposed to the unexposed cultures. The results are instead discussed in terms of adaptive states and the nonseparability of cellular states due to quantum entanglement of cells, in particular daughter cells, distributed between the exposed and unexposed cultures. Whatever the mechanism, we concluded that the finding of resistant cells in growing unexposed cultures, as a response to selective pressure on cells in physically separated cultures, tends to render meaningless any theory based on the spontaneous origin of mutants.


The dimensions of effectiveness pertinent to postsecondary institutions are discussed, along with approaches for assessing effectiveness. A paradigm of effectiveness is prosented, based on six concerns: whose perspective is taken; assessment criteria, the referent for judging effectiveness, level and unit of analysis, time frame, and types and sources of datit. The effectiveness framework incorporates criteria concerning: goal achievement, managerial functions, organizational climate, and environmental adaptation. Criteria for goal achievement outcomes concern: economics; human characteristics; knowledge, technology, and art form; and resource and service provision. Managerial process criteria concern: planning, organizing, directing, control, and staffing. Organizational climate criteria include the categories of autonomy, structure, reward orientation, educational climate, and socializat'on and motivation, while environmental adaptation criteria include the categories of efficiency, productivity, and bargaining position. Included is a compendium of measures, which identifies indicators and measures to assess effectiveness for each criteria, which is referenced by codes. A total of 410 indicators are covered. An eight-page bibliography and information on the competing values approach of assessing effectiveness models and criteria are appended. (SW) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************


In 2013, Micron Technology (Micron), a leading provider of advanced memory solutions, was finally having a good year after several difficult years. In July, its share price rose above $14, an increase of more than 100% since the beginning of the year. In light of the recently improved performance, Ronald C. Foster, vice president of finance and CFO, was reevaluating the firm's financing policies. Micron had historically made heavy use of convertible debt financing to fund its operations and strategic goals and, as of August 31, 2013, it had close to $3 billion of outstanding convertibles. These bonds had been issued between 2007 and 2013, when Micron's share price had been below $10 and its earnings were negative. The firm's current stock price was above the conversion price on all of its outstanding convertible bonds, and in some cases even above the provisional call triggers. Should Micron's stock price continue to rise, its capital costs would increase, and potentially greater wealth would be transferred from the firm's shareholders to bondholders.Micron's investment bankers had recommended refinancing its 2014 Notes and Series A bonds (the bonds currently eligible to be called) with new convertible notes. The new notes would most likely require a higher annual coupon rate than the retired bonds, but the conversion price would be reset to around $19, a 35%-to-40% premium over its recent stock prices. Foster needed to be convinced that the costs in time and money justified refinancing the bonds.The Micron case offers students an opportunity to consider why firms might find convertible bonds an attractive form of financing. Due to its heavy use of convertibles, Micron has carefully staggered the maturities on the bond issues and chosen different settlement options to reduce dilution. Students are asked to evaluate the terms of the new converts to see if they represent a reasonable exchange of value between the issuer and investors. In addition, they are asked to compare the capital costs associated with the new convert to the retired bonds to judge how Micron's capital costs are affected by the refinancing decision. This case has been used in Darden's "Corporate Financing" elective as an introductory case and would work well in any course that considers various financing options.
Excerpt
UVA-F-1719
Rev. Jul. 27, 2015
Micron Technology, Inc.:
Riding the Wave—Refinancing Convertible Notes
It had been an unusually long and hot summer in Boise, Idaho, in August 2013. It had also been a hot year for Micron Technology (Micron), a leading provider of advanced memory solutions. In July, its share price rose above $ 14, an increase of more than 100% since the beginning of the year. The company announced its first quarter of positive earnings in May 2013 after seven continuous quarters of losses. In July 2013, Micron finally completed the JPY200 billion ($ 2.2 billion) acquisition of Elpida Memory, Inc., Japan's largest dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) maker, after agreeing to purchase it out of bankruptcy in May 2012.
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Successful breeding of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) for increased rubber yield requires knowledge about the traits that influence rubber production directly and indirectly. This study was undertaken to examine the interrelationships of several agronomic traits through path-coefficient analyses, to determine broad-sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. Plant height, width, dry weight rubber content, resin content, rubber yield, and resin yield from guayule selections planted at two locations (Riverside, CA, and Maricopa, AZ) were used for analyses (.)


Commercial and industrial organizations can be thought of as systems which are composed of operational processes structured and regulated by a set of functions that can become strategic; they are currently the object of intense environmental pressures. Never have these forces been so diverse: they are disrupting previous equilibriums and call for rapid and coherent responses. The multiplicity of corporate responses implies coordination and integration in an approach with a clearly defined strategic character. Strategy enable companies to formulate and achieve their objectives, allowing them to seize and take advantage of opportunities as they arise, at the same time, remaining in tune with their environment. It appears that one of the priorities that is considered essential today by numerous firms is an understanding of logistics. Logistics, defined as the technology of control of the physical flow of materials and goods and related information that a firm sends, transfers and receives, appears as an organizational approach that can conserve and improve the flexibility and reactivity of the firm vis-a-vis its environment. Logistics has now become a very far-reaching "total" approach, which is both transversal and very ambitious. Its main role is to synchronize overall physical flow, and it is indeed in permanent interaction with all of the classic functions of a firm, constituting an active interface between the firm and its environment. The profound transformations that have taken place in the structure of firms, as well as the extension of their activities, have confirmed the need for a strategic approach to logistics. It aim is to control the areas where the firm operates, the timing of these operations and finally, the inherent risks involved in the firm's choices. How can one identify the strategic projects in which logistics could play a key role? The chapter answers this question and proposes an innovative approach to strategy formulation. It begins with a conceptual approach to formulating logistics strategy exploring an interactive strategy/logistics loop. Then it suggests a typology of possible generic logistics strategies illustrated by many examples. It ends showing that these generic logistics strategies are not independent ones but are generally (and can fruitfully be) combined, three potential "strategic action itineraries in logistics" are depicted.


The simulation experiment study for the localization methods based on the magnetic components and magnetic gradient was carried out.The result indicates that the magnetic localization method is feasible for the localization of the sensors placed at seabed.When the measuring condition is not good,the precision of the method based on the magnetic components is higher.The engineering condition for the sensor's localization at seabed in practice was analyzed.The method supplies a novel path for the magnetometer sensor's localization at seabed in practice.


Embedded devices with the development of modern computer technology also began equipped with a variety of functions. In this study, to provide a method of tracking efficient face with a small instrument of resources, such as built-in equipment that uses an image sensor in recent years has been actively carried out. It uses a face detection method using the features of the MB-LBP in order to obtain an accurate face, specify the region (Region of Interest) around the face when the face detection for the face object tracking in the next video did. And in the video can not be detected faces, to track objects using the CAM-Shift key is a conventional object tracking method, which make it possible to retain the information without loss of object information. In this study, through the comparison with the previous studies, it was confirmed the precision and high-speed performance of the object tracking system.


A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Master of Education in Education in Emergencies


The effect of humidification on aging of local membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was investigated using dynamic cycling-change output current measurements. During the investigation, the active area of MEA was divided into 8 segments from upstream to downstream. The experiment was carried out before activation and those results served as bench mark for the results obtained after activation. The results of humidification of MEA were collected from the high frequency resistance (HFR). It was found that HFR of the first region was largest due to less water humidification. With the gas flow to the downstream, the concentration of vapor and liquid water was high, the MEA was humidified and consequently the value of HFR also decreased. The flooding in the last segment was might be due to the accumulation of water. This phenomenon resulted in the undershoot of HFR curve. The HFR curve would become steady when the flooding was removed at the last segment. The experiment of dynamic output current was carried out for 450 cycles and the total time was about 150 hours. It was found that the polarization curve became steady had less differentiation between each segment after 450 cycles of dynamic output current measurements tests. The slop of cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves charts increased from region 6 to region 8. It was supposed that the water content in the MEA was less at low loading condition and the MEA become dried. But the water content was more in high loading condition. The MEA would be in the cycle of expansion and contraction during the drying and humidification exchange process. The result suggested that the membrane might be affected easily in the downstream. Besides, the surface area of catalyst would also decay the peak of CV curve due to the water flooding which might block the mass transfer resulting in fuel starvation, carbon corrosion and catalyst degradation in downstream.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Examination revealed no vision in the right eye and 6/6 vision the left eye. Fundoscopy revealed optic atrophy of the right eye. BP was normal, general and systemic examination showed no abnormality. Biochemical parameters were normal. X ray skull lateral view showed thin rim of curvilinear calcification in the supra-sellar region. MRI brain showed a well circumscribed area of flow void due to dilated vein of Galen. MR venography confirmed it to be vein of Galen malformation. MR angiography revealed multiple arterial collaterals in the territory of anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries. Hyperintense signals on T2 weighted image and absence of flow void were noted in the region of Torculii Herophilus suggestive of thrombosis. Transcranial Doppler of brain revealed an anechoic lesion in the posterior aspect of brain above the cerebellum.


: Sandy beach habitats are mainly controlled by the physical environmental factors. This study investigated the effects of winter storms on populations of sandy beach infaunal peracarids. Two contrasting areas on the Japan Sea coast were selected: exposed sandy beaches in Niigata and protected sandy beaches in Sado. Regional differences in the mortality rate of two species of peracarids, Haustorioides japonicus and Excirolana chiltoni , were examined over two years, focusing on periods of high storm intensity (fall and winter) when sandy beach habitats are frequently disturbed. The results demonstrated that: (1) the mortality rate on the exposed beaches (Niigata) was significantly higher than that on the protected beaches (Sado); (2) the mortality rate in 2009–2010 was significantly higher than that in 2008–2009; and (3) the mortality rates were not significantly different between the two species. Sediment grain size, sorting coeffi -cient, and beach slope were not different between the two study areas. Dominant waves during the stormy seasons were from the northwest, to which the beaches in Niigata were directly exposed. Moreover, mean wave height was higher in 2009–2010 than in 2008–2009. Therefore, the variations in wave disturbances were herein considered to be the major cause of the mortality variations in the two species. According to the predicted scenarios of climate changes, wave intensification will likely increase in the future, therefore increasing the mortality and the potential risk of local extinc tions of these sandy beach infaunal animals.


Objective: Well-characterized sequence alterations in the CYP2D6 gene occur with significant frequency in psychiatric populations. Many psychotropic medications are known substrates for metabolism by the CYP2D6 isoenzyme encoded by the CYP2D6 gene. Priorly, we had shown that length of psychiatric hospitalization was longer, dyslipidemic side effects more pronounced, and psychotropic utilization more intricate in patients with sub-functional CYP2D6 status (APA annual meetings 2010, 2011, 2013). We hypothesized that innate CYP2D6 functional status was also related to hospital re-admission following psychiatric hospitalization for major depressive disorder (MDD).


The collection of enormous amount of homogenous sensor nodes forms the Wireless Sensor Network. These sensor nodes have restricted battery power and memory and so the limited amount of energy is considered as the major issue. To overcome this issue several mechanisms were proposed, among them clustering is a popular way which minimizes the consumption of energy in the sensor nodes and thus the life span of the Wireless Sensor Network can be increased. Grouping the sensor nodes in an energy efficient and distributed approach is considered as the important issue in clustering. So in order to triumph over these issues, a Fuzzy Based Dynamic Clustering (FDC) in Wireless Sensor Network is proposed. A fair comparison is done between this proposed algorithm and some existing algorithms. The simulation results obtained reveals that our proposed algorithm increases the lifetime and has better energy efficiency. Keywords— Wireless Sensor Network, Fuzzy Logic System, Packet Delivery Ratio, Dead Node, Energy INTRODUCTION A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises of spatially circulated self-sufficient sensors to screen physical or ecological conditions, for example, atmosphere forecast, examination of rational, barometrical weight, and so forth and it passes their information by utilizing system to the coveted area. The present systems are bidirectional, additionally these systems have the empowering ability to control sensor exercises. The upgrade of remote sensor systems was persuaded by military applications, for example, security in battlefield,and likewise utilized as a part of many industrialized and buyer applications, for example, mechanical procedures,screening and control,health checking and so forth. Hereafter, contradicting to established systems, WSNs are valuable just if sensor hubs know about nature encompassing them.Each sensor could just screen its locale and continue to send the gathered information to the sink hub. Be that as it may, the possible productivity of WSNs lies in its capacity to correspond the gathered information in time and in space [1]. Localization The locational data assumes a crucial part in scope, organization reason, directing data, locational benefit, target following and safeguard operations in remote sensor systems. The restriction data is vital where there is an uncertainty about some situating. On the off chance that the sensor organize is utilized for watching the temperature in a building, it is evident to know the exact area of every hub [2,3]. On the unfriendly, if the sensor organize is utilized for watching the climatic condition in a remote timberland, sensor hubs might be spread out in the area via plane and the separate area of most sensors might be obscure. A confinement calculation can utilize all the accessible restriction data from the bits to figure every one of the positions. Hubs are sent with a Global Positioning System (GPS), however this is an exorbitant arrangement as far as volume, cash and power consumption.For this reason numerous limitation conventions are proposed [4]. Restriction in remote sensor systems is performed by following these 3 stages: 1. Separation estimation This stage includes estimation systems to appraise the relative separation between the hubs [4]. 2. Position calculation It comprises of calculations to figure the directions of the obscure hub concerning the area of known grapple hubs or other neighboring hubs. Triangulation, multi-lateration, and vicinity are a few procedures that are utilized for detecting location.It utilizes the geometric properties of triangles to compute hub areas. Triangulation are grouped into lateration and angulation. lateration is figured utilizing separation estimations and angulation is computed utilizing edge information. 2-measurement strategy is to ascertain the hub area utilizing lateration ,remove data from 3 reference focuses is required and utilizing angulation, 2 point estimations and 1 separate data is required [5]. 3. Confinement calculations It decides how the data concerning separations and positions are controlled, with a specific end goal to permit the vast majority of the hubs of WSN to evaluate their position. Ideally the confinement calculations may include calculations to diminish the errors.In this paper, go free restriction calculation in particular MAPM&N and meta-heuristic calculation Tabu Search was proposed alongside MAP-M&N and the normal blunder in limitation was investigated utilizing these calculations [6, 7]. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 19 (2018) pp. 14267-14272 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com 14268 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK Wireless sensor systems (WSN), are like remote specially appointed systems as in they depend on remote availability and unconstrained development of systems so sensor information can be transported remotely. Once in a while they are called clean systems, alluding to minute sensors as little as tidy. Shrewd clean is a U C Berkeley venture supported by DARPA. Tidy Networks Inc., is one of the early organizations that created remote sensor arrange items. WSNs are spatiallydistributed self-ruling sensors to screen physical or natural conditions, for example, temperature, sound, weight, and so on and to agreeably go their information through the system to different areas. The more present day systems are bi-directional, likewise empowering control of sensor movement. The advancement of remote sensor systems was roused by military applications, for example, war zone reconnaissance; today such systems are utilized as a part of numerous mechanical and shopper applications, for example, modern process observing and control, machine wellbeing checking, et cetera [8, 9]. Figure 1. Typical multi-hop wireless sensor network architecture Application:Region Monitoring:Area checking is a typical use of WSNs. In territory observing, the WSN is sent over a district where some marvel is to be checked. A military case is the utilization of sensors identify adversary interruption; a regular citizen illustration is the geo-fencing of gas or oil pipelines. Social insurance checking:The sensor systems for therapeutic applications can be of a few sorts: embedded, wearable, and condition installed. The implantable medicinal gadgets are those that are embedded inside human body. Wearable gadgets are utilized on the body surface of a human or exactly at nearness of the client. Condition inserted frameworks utilize sensors contained in the earth [10]. Conceivable applications incorporate body position estimation, area of people, general checking of sick patients in healing facilities and at homes. Gadgets implanted in the earth track the physical condition of a man for nonstop wellbeing finding, utilizing as information the information from a system of profundity cameras, a detecting floor, or other comparative gadgets. Body-zone systems can gather data around a person's wellbeing, wellness, and vitality consumption. In medicinal services applications the security and genuineness of client information has prime significance. Particularly because of the joining of sensor systems, with IoT, the verification of client turn out to be all the more difficult; in any case, an answer is displayed in late work [11]. Ecological/Earth detecting:There are numerous applications in observing natural parameters,[10] cases of which are given beneath. They share the additional difficulties of brutal situations and decreased power supply [11]. Air contamination observing:Wireless sensor systems have been conveyed in a few urban communities (Stockholm, London, and Brisbane) to screen the centralization of perilous gasses for residents. These can exploit the impromptu remote connections instead of wired establishments, which likewise make them more versatile for testing readings in various zones. DYMANIC CLUSTER HEAD SELECTION In this paper, a clustering algorithm based on clustering is proposed to solve the heterogeneity caused by random selection of LEACH protocol cluster head. First, the kMedoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the nodes of the whole network area into several classes, and then select the first cluster head and the second cluster head in the cluster. The first cluster head is used to send the data of the cluster to the sink node and to receive the message sent by the sink node to the cluster. The algorithm allocates the energy consumption of a cluster head to two cluster heads to reduce the excessive use of a node. Considering E as the set of energy of all the N nodes, K is the expected number of clusters and X and Y are the set of locations of various nodes in the Wireless Sensor Network the algorithm for cluster head selection in EELEACH-C works as follows: Algorithm CH-Selection (E, N, K, X, Y)


Soon after its beginning Islam gave birth to a cultural tradition of intellectual analysis and curiosity unrivalled among contemporary cultures. By this tradition, scholars adhering to other faiths were held in high esteem and given refuge and hospitality in Islamic societies. Consequently, an atmosphere of tolerance and freedom prevailed in most Islamic countries, including Iran, where education was free from domination by theologians. But towards the end of the 16th Century AD the clergy began to extend their control over academic life; and by the middle of the 19th Century the country's educational institutions, like the judiciary, had been turned into a realm of the clergy.


Objective To evaluate the diagnosis value of hematogenous meningeal metastases. Methods 48 cases MRI Manifestation of hematogenous menigeal metastases by MRI plain scan and enhancement examination were retrospectively analyzed. Results Totchlly 125 lesions were found in 48 cases, nodular pattern 22 cases, linar thickening pattern 6 cases, and mixed pattern 20 cases. All metastasis showed marked enhancement. Intracerebral metastases in 36 cases were found in this series. Conclusion MRI was an initial imaging modality of choice in hematogenous meningeal metastases and post contrast MR scan must be performed in suspicious cases.


The most adopted methods to produce polymer nanoparticles (NPs) for medical and pharmaceutical applications use surfactants that are toxic and physically adsorbed to the NPs, with the risk of desorption and insurgence of side effects. A valid alternative is represented by the use of surfmers, reactive surfactants that are chemically linked to the polymer chains, thus avoiding the release of toxic species. In this case, the lack of biodegradable surfmers introduces the concern of polymer accumulation into the body. In this work, biodegradable, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) based surfmers are synthesized and used to stabilize lipophilic NPs. In particular, the NP core is made from a macromonomer comprising a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) chain functionalized with HPMA double bond. The NP forming polymer chains are then constituted by a uniform poly(HPMA) backbone that is biocompatible and water soluble and hydrolysable PEG and PLA pendants assuring the complete degradability of the polymer. The stability provided to these NPs by the synthesized surfmers is studied in the cases of both emulsion free radical polymerization and solution free radical polymerization followed by the flash nanoprecipitation of the obtained amphiphilic copolymers.


This paper presents an overview of WISER which is a communication architecture for multiple mobile robots with short-range wireless links aiming at cooperative sensing. WISER deals with several features which were not observed in conventional wireless ad hoc networks: intentional mobility and allowance for disconnection. In this paper we describe the design and the prototype implementation of WISER


Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disorder, is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability throughout the world. Physical therapy can be our first line of defense for managing knee. Physical therapy can help reduce the pain, swelling and stiffness of knee osteoarthritis and it can help improve knee joint function. The present review aimed at understanding various aspects of Knee Osteoarthritis and various physiotherapeutic treatments available for knee osteoarthritis. Study concluded that daily exercises are important in knee OA patients and beneficial for the improvement. Studies have shown that Manual joint mobilization improves the effectiveness of the treatment program in treating symptoms of knee OA and improves function in elderly people with knee OA whereas few studies are of the view that combined treatment of mobilization and ultrasound gives better results in Knee OA patients.


The COVD-19 pandemic has affected most sectors of the economy around the world leaving men and women unemployed, which has necessitated the need for carrier innovations. In Tanzania, agriculture and tourism are among the very important sectors of the economy and biggest contributors to gross domestic product (GDP). Beyond the pandemic, there are opportunities to capitalize through career innovations. Findings indicate that urban agriculture, genetics editing in livestock, bees and drones, and blockchain technologies can significantly improve the agricultural sector. Market research, diversification, up-skilling, responsible tourism, new hygiene standards, and encouraging business travel will enhance the tourism sector moving forward. It is recommended that balance for innovation and development, investing in strategic collaborations, moving from single point-based interventions, and focusing on the poor in innovations are important.


In this work, an attempt is made to critically analyse British Colonial Policy towards the development of transportation system in the Cross River Basin of Nigeria and its resultant effect on trade and services in the area. The mode of transportation in the Cross River Basin thr.oughout the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century was invariably poor. The use of bush tracks and canoes did not make for any considerable expansion of trade. A. G. Hopkins has rightly observed that in the present day, economists have come to appreciate the significant role that modern transport facilities have played in the economic growth of modern nation states.


The Hamiltonian formulation of equations in continuum mechanics through generalized brackets is presented here in order to demonstrate the inherent structure and similarity between a variety of transport phenomena. The bracket formulation is based upon the Poisson bracket description of continuous systems and the entropy dissipation postulated in irreversible thermodynamics. This general formulation is presented for both single-component and multicomponent systems, as well as for systems with internal structure, for example, viscoelastic fluids


This research is based on the design of a device to crush/pulverize the dried
fibrous leaves into powder form. There are lots of dried leaves especially in our country,
Malaysia. This dried leaves is the main contribution of the air pollution. This is because;
many of our civilian especially villager burn it to vanish it. This crusher machine is
design to crush it into powder form or state near it. This is because; we can use it for
made the powder form solid fuel that will be use in special kitchen for cooking. This
project is importance to stop the pollution and create another source of fuel for cooking.
The biggest advantage in designing this machine is to create another source of fuel (solid
fuel) for cooking beside of gas, electric and charcoal. It also helps to reduce the air
pollution problem especially in our country. In this report also, I try to provide the
information about the components that are related to the main objective. It helps in the
research of the design.


The Baltic countries harbor a diverse assemblage of alien amphipods of Ponto-Caspian origin. The composition of this fauna was shaped by three invasion waves: 1) pre-20th century dispersals via watershed-connecting canals, 2) deliberate introductions in the 1960s, and 3) new dispersals during the last decade via shipping and pre-existing canals. Given this rich invasion history, we test whether genetic diversity (mitochondrial and nuclear) differs between the native and invaded ranges and between the deliberately introduced species and the ones that dispersed on their own. Our results show a significant decrease in mitochondrial but not nuclear genetic diversity in the invaded Baltic range. We also find that in the invaded range the introduced species exhibit a higher mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity than the species that dispersed on their own, while in the native range only the nuclear diversity is higher in introduced species. Mitochondrial diversity was more structured geographically in the native range and the dominant invasive haplotypes were detected in the native populations of all but one species, further highlighting the utility of this marker in tracing invasion sources. Our comparative approach provides important insight into the inter-range genetic diversity of Ponto-Caspian invaders, highlighting the role of introduction mode.


Objective To explore the influence of aripiprazole and olanzapine on body mass,glycolipid metabolism in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods 60 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups treated with aripiprazole and olanzapine respectively for 3 months.Body mass,fasting blood glucose and lipids,which included cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL) and high density lipoprotein(HDL) were measured at the baseline and at the end of the treatment.Results At the end of the treatment,all the indexies in aripiprazole group showed no significant changes when compared with the baseline(P0.05).In olanzapine group,however,the body mass,fasting blood glucose,TC and TG all increased significantly after 3 months treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Aripiprazole has no serious affects on body mass and glycolipid metabolism.But olanzapine can cause weight gain,as well as the increase of blood glucose,cholesterol and triglycerides.


Field trials including fertilizer amounts,fertilization time,ratio of N、P、K and various trace elements applied on Lingwu Jujube were carried out in Jujube Garden of Lingwu.It is summarized requirement for fertilizer characteristics,the most suitable fertilization period,best application amount of Lingwu Jujube.This paper provides reference for biogas-residue-based special fertilizer and formula fertilization development.


In this paper, we study why the traditional traffic markers cannot provide precision of marking and proportional fairness in the current differentiated service (DiffServ) networks. To solve these problems, we propose the innovation three color marker (ITCM) algorithm. Our proposed ITCM algorithm calculates both the long term average rate and the instantaneous rate of traffic when marking the packet. Moreover, our proposed algorithm achieves the proportional fair sharing among aggregates by marking the packet as yellow with probability in proportion to CIR. We have compared the performance of our proposed ITCM marker with traditional markers. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm performs better than traditional markers in the case of under-subscription. It is not only achieves the target rate, but also achieves proportional fairness of sharing the excess bandwidth


Gels based on a cationic hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (cat-HMHEC) may display nonmonotonic volume changes with time (deswelling followed by reswelling) when immersed in a solutio...


This study examines some ways to actualize the concept of "dog" in Russian and Persian language pictures of the world, including the aspects of lexical, cultural, metaphorical and religious relevance of zoomorphism "dog" in Russian and Iranian linguistic cultures. The goal of investigation is to compare the features of the concept of "dog" in Russian and Persian language pictures of the world. Research objectives: 1) to summarize data on the representation and interpretation of the word "dog" in the explanatory dictionaries of the languages studied; 2) to analyze the images of the dog in Russian and Persian proverbs and phraseological units. The relevance of the work consists in referring to this zoomorphic concept from the standpoint of comparing and defining the principles of updating the cognitive characteristics of the concept of "dog" in proverbs and phraseologisms in Russian and Persian, examining the general and specific characteristics of this concept, as well as the views of Russian and Iranian people in relation to this animal in two linguistic cultures. Chosen proverbs and phraseological units of the Russian and Persian languages with the "dog" component are the subject of the study. The object of study is the concept of "dog" in Russian and Persian. The language material for the study was compiled from explanatory dictionaries and collections of paroemias. Each proverb and phraseological unit is subjected to careful analysis, their classification is carried out. The scientific novelty of the study is a comparative study of the concept of "dog" in two linguistic cultures: Russian and Persian. Such studies have not yet been conducted in modern linguistic literature. As a result of the analysis, both a positive and negative attitude towards dogs was noted in both linguistic cultures. On the one hand, a person endows the dog with the positive qualities of fidelity and devotion, on the other hand, with aggressiveness and low value. In two cultures ‒ Russian and Iranian ‒ there are different superstitions, beliefs and prejudices associated with this animal. The obtained research results are of applied value. They can find application in linguodidactics, in particular, when teaching Russian as a foreign language at Iranian universities, as well as in lexicology and linguocultural courses. Keywords: concept, proverb, phraseologism, linguistic culture, comparative studies, linguistic picture of the world


Experimental results on the realization of microlasers at 1.05 micrometers with Nd-doped ZBLAN spheres are described. A microwave plasma torch process was developed to produce spheres with very low ellipticities. Laser oscillation was obtained using properties of whispering gallery modes. These modes were excited with an evanescence wave coupling which provided a low threshold and an oscillation with only few modes.


We thank Francisca Müller and Juan Sebastian Muñoz for their excellent project management and research assistance. We thank very useful comments by Daron Acemoglu, Gary Libecap, James Poterba, Ernesto Schargrodsky, Gustavo Torrens, and seminar participants at various places. This experiment has been registered in the American Economic Association RCT Registry with number AEARCTR0000343. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the InterAmerican Development Bank or the National Bureau of Economic Research.


This article explores the nonlinear relationship between organizational integration and new product market success (NPMS). The concept of organizational integration was measured by assessing the degree of integration among various groups of people involved in the development of new products including new product development (NPD) teams that are typically the focal points of NPD efforts. New product market success was measured by examining four often-used measures of NPD success. The mail survey research approach was used to gather empirical data from NPD managers in three major industries. The data gathered from this survey process were used as the basis from which to extract information to address this study's major research questions, which include: (1) How is the degree of new product market success related to the nonlinear degree to which groups of people (including NPD teams) integrate during NPD processes? and (2) How is the degree of new product market success related to the nonlinear degree to which separate groups of people (e.g., customers, suppliers, and functional departments) integrate during NPD processes? This study found that high levels of organizational integration (overall organizational integration and supplier organizational integration) during NPD processes are associated with high levels of new product market success. Additionally, this study found that the relationship between new product market success and organizational integration (customer organizational integration and functional organization integration) during NPD processes exhibit nonlinear, U-shaped relationships. Therefore, the first important finding of this study confirms that various forms of organizational integration impact in a positive way the market success of new products. This suggests that management responsible for all NPD projects should consciously integrate important groups of people to support such developments. This study's findings also confirm and imply that new product developers in the studied industries should integrate marketing and research and development (R&D) over the duration of the NPD process. This suggests that new product managers must be proactive to assure that members of NPD teams are actively engaged with groups of supporting people within and outside new-product�producing organizations. Unlike prior research, a major finding of this study suggests that the association between organizational integration and new product market success does not form inverted U-shaped relationships. Data from this research imply that new product market success is linearly influenced by overall and supplier organizational integration. However, this study's data suggest that new product market success is nonlinearly influenced by customer and functional organizational integration. This study's data suggest that when customer organizational integration and/or functional organizational integration is increased, new product market success can be increased at a rate which is greater than a linear rate.


Methods of revealing of transfer sequence existence of the length not more l for a set of states (internal states) without deriving the sequence itself and finding the shortest transfer sequence of the length not more l for a sequential circuit are developed. The methods are based on applying operations either on full ROBDDs, representing transition functions or fragments of these ROBDDs. Multiplications of the proper ROBDDs are executed with using full ROBDDs but summations - with using ROBDDs fragments. It is setup that for revealing transfer sequence existence we may use ROBDDs fragments depending on only state variables. When finding the shortest sequence we use ROBDDs so that each path originated by state variables has the only prolongation among input variables. The initial state of a sequential circuit is given. Set M0 of states one of which has to be reached is represented by the ROBDD.


Abstract Post-traumatic acute subdural haematomas are rare in children and associated with significant cerebral oedema. There is need to understand pathophysiology in a better way to improve the outcome. We report a case of traumatic acute subdural haematoma in five year old male child because of its rarity and difficulty confronted in the management of this lesion.


This paper presents a closed-form solution with empirical adjustments to predict the time–temperature profile across a lumber section when the exposure history of its surface is known. The formulation is based on the two-dimensional heat-conduction equation that includes the effects of moisture evaporation and pyrolysis of wood. The kinetic constants and adjustment factors needed in the model were estimated from the temperature profile test data of dimension lumber and other published sources. This technique offers a simple practical means to estimate the internal temperatures of structural lumber exposed to high temperatures, and has been effectively implemented in the analyses of protected wood assemblies exposed to fire situations.


We prove uniqueness of "invariant measures", i.e., solutions to the equation L = 0 where L = + B r on R n with B satisfying some mild integrability conditions and is a probability measure on R n. This solves an open problem posed by S.R.S. Varadhan in 1980. The same conditions are shown to imply that the closure of L on L 1 () generates a strongly continuous semigroup having as its unique invariant measure. The question whether an extension of L generates a strongly continuous semigroup on L 1 () and whether such an extension is unique is addressed separately and answered positively under even weaker local integrability conditions on B. The special case when B is a gradient of a function (i.e., the "symmetric case") is in particular studied and conditions are identiied ensuring that L = 0 implies that L is symmetric on L 2 () resp. L = 0 has a unique solution. We also prove innnite dimensional analogues of the latter two results and a new elliptic regularity theorem for invariant measures in innnite dimensions.


The prime purpose of this study is to examine the influence of structural capital, rational capital and innovation performance on the knowledge related to HRM practices. Another and foremost aim of the article is to analyze the mediating role of human capital among the nexus of structural capital, rational capital and innovation performance on the knowledge related to HRM practices in pharmacy business in Thailand. The data were gathered from the employees as well as managers of HR in the pharmacy outlets situated in the top five cities in Thailand. PLS-SEM are utilizing for data analysis purpose and results indicated that structural capital, rational capital and innovation performance have positively influence on the knowledge related to HRM practices in pharmacy business in Thailand. The findings also exposed that human capital is also positively mediates among the nexus of structural capital, rational capital and innovation performance on the knowledge related to HRM practices in pharmacy business in Thailand. These outcomes give the insight to the regulation making authorities that they should increase the emphasis on the knowledge spreading activities regarding the HRM practices that improve the structural capital with the help of human capital.


In order to realize the low carbon economic,China had decided to develop nuclear power actively;therefore there will be a great demand of uranium in China in a short time.It gives opportunities for the uranium mining company in China to go abroad to explore uranium.But there are also a lot of obstacles or challenges for them to "going out",such as lack of government policy,lack of talents who know well of the management of international uranium mining company and the legislation and policy of foreign countries,the main uranium mines had been controlled by others and the political risk.


Also presented at the Ceramics Reader Symposium.
London, Makers Guild, 24th May 2017 and
Ceramics and New Technologies Symposium. Bath, Holburne Museum, 26th February 2016


In eukaryotes, a conserved surveillance pathway known as nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) regulates the abundance of mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs), defined as in-frame stop codons located upstream of the physiological (i.e., normal) stop codon. PTCs often arise as the result of mutations but can also occur in normal transcripts as a result of physiological processes. NMD appears to have evolved as a means of both controlling expression of physiological (i.e., nonmutated) transcripts containing PTCs and of limiting production of protein from abnormal PTC-containing transcripts. The mechanism of NMD is described and its roles in normal cellular function and in some forms of genetic disease are discussed.

Keywords:

nonsense-mediated decay;
stop codon;
truncated protein;
nonsense mutation;
premature termination codon;
splicing;
genetic disease


Concentrations of CO2 in occupied buildings exceed outdoor concentrations because CO2 is a product of peoples' metabolism. Indoor CO2 concentrations are indicators of the rates of building ventilation with outdoor air per person. A higher indoor CO2 concentration is often considered an indicator of poorer indoor air quality (IAQ), although many factors unrelated to indoor CO2 concentrations influence IAQ. When indoor CO2 concentrations increase and decrease, concentrations of other indoor air pollutants emitted from indoor sources, particularly the bioeffluents from humans, may also increase and decrease. Increased indoor CO2 concentrations have often been associated (correlated) with decreases in perceived air quality, with increases in acute health symptoms, and with reductions in aspects of human performance [1-3]. Research prior to 2012, indicated that levels of CO2 itself, with other conditions constant, had no significant impacts on peoples' health or performance unless the CO2 concentrations far exceeded the levels found in buildings [4-10]. The occupational limit for CO2 in the U.S. is 5,000 ppm for a 40 h work week [11]. Therefore, the previously documented associations of indoor CO2 concentrations with perceived air quality, health symptoms, and performance have been attributed to the other indoor air pollutants with changes in concentrations indicated by the changes in indoor concentrations of CO2.


The invention provides a solar photovoltaic power station combined with a fishery pond or a shallow water beach surface. The solar photovoltaic power station comprises more than one equipment foundation and solar panels, the solar panels are mounted on tops of the equipment foundations, and the equipment foundations are mounted in the fishery pond or the shallow water beach surface. Accordingly, photovoltaic power generation is used with fishery aquaculture or the shallow water beach surface, a space above the fishery pond or the shallow water beach surface is sufficiently utilized by the built photovoltaic power station, occupied area of the photovoltaic power station is saved, land resource utilization rate is improved, and further development of the solar photovoltaic power station is promoted. In addition, the solar photovoltaic power station has the advantages that the quantity of scattering light supplied to equipment is increased, and the equipment can be cooled down.


Presentation on students engagement with a virtual research environment as part of SERA conference on Crossing borders - Transforming boundaries.


We examined distributional patterns of a pursuit-diving seabird, the common murre Uria aalge, and its fish prey, capelin Mallotus villosus, within the avian foraging range of the largest murre colony in eastern North America: Funk Island, Newfoundland. During chick-rearing, the foraging habitat was previously partitioned into: (1) a high-quality area, 45 km from the colony where energy- rich capelin schools were found, which were spatially and temporally persistent and (2) a low-quality area, 60 km from the colony where schools were composed of lower-energy capelin that were ephemeral. At the scale of the foraging range (meso-scale: 1 to 100 km), murres were highly clustered into 25% of the surveyed area, with fewer murres in the low-quality relative to the high-quality area. There were tighter associations among murre and capelin aggregations in the low-quality (1.2 ± 0.2 km) relative to the high-quality area (2.6 ± 0.4 km). This likely resulted from the divergent capelin behaviour and, thus, different foraging strategies used by murres to search for (e.g. memory vs local enhancement) and capture prey. At fine spatial scales (250 m 2 ) within foraging areas, murres were found at lower densities (mode: 2 murres), revealing that interference competition among individuals may be important during prey capture. Modeling revealed that at >50 murres per 250 m 2 in the high- quality area, a murre would have a >90% chance of increasing its foraging efficiency by switching to forage in the low-quality area. Overall, this scale-dependent aggregative behaviour of murres sug- gests that cooperative foraging among conspecifics may be important in locating prey at the scale of a foraging range, or murres may simply aggregate in areas of high prey abundance, but competitive interactions among conspecifics become important at the scale of prey capture.


a Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; b Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA; c Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; d Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; e Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; f Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA


cone-25,27-Dipropyloxy-26,28-dioxo-calix[4]arene titanium (IV) dichloride (1) has been assessed in the ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide (L,D-LA). The polymers formed (PLDA) turned out to display an isotactic stereoblock microstructure (determined by NMR) despite the fact that the catalyst has symmetry. Two techniques were applied for initiating the polymerisation reaction, microwave irradiation, and conventional thermal treatment. The polymers obtained were all characterised by NMR, IR, HPLC-SEC, DSC, and MALDI-TOF analysis. The use of microwave irradiation, applied for the first time to calixarene-based catalysts in the presence of the rac-lactide monomer, increased the polymerisation rate compared with that obtained by the other method. On the other hand, standard thermal treatment enabled a slightly better control than microwave irradiation over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polylactides formed.


A 10-year-old girl without consanguinity or neurologic disease in the family presented with an 8- to 9-year history of progressive gait disturbance, incoordination, and impaired hearing and cognition; antenatal and neonatal histories were unremarkable. Salient examination findings were tightly curled scalp hair (figure 1A), impaired cognition and hearing, flaccid quadriparesis, and pancerebellar dysfunction. Salient investigative findings were leukodystrophy on MRI brain (figure 1B), sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and giant axons with aberrant neurofilament immunostaining on sural nerve biopsy (figure 2, A and B). Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare (worldwide 50 families reported) autosomal recessive disorder characterized by gigaxonin gene mutations and disorganization of intermediate filaments.1,2


Objective To evaluate the health-related quality of life(QOL)of patients with essential hypertension in rural community of Three Gorge Dam area and analyze the influential factors of QOL.Methods The study was based on a cross-section investigation by two stages cluster sampling which included a sample of 1363 inhabitants over 50-years old from the all 3098 investigated people in the area.The 1363 people consisted of the patients with first diagnosed essential hypertension and normotensive and we removed people with other disease.The QOL was measured by COOP/WONCA Charts and influential factors with questionnaire.Ordinal regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the influential factors and QOL.Results The hyperpietic with no "labelling effect" had poorer scores than normotensive group in physical fitness,daily activity,change in health and overall health domains and there were statistically significant differences(P0.05).Furthermore,different levels and types of hypertension have different effect on the QOL of patients.The results of ordinal regression analysis showed that age,sex,single/divorced/widowed,overweight or obesity and high blood pressure have negative influence on QOL except for feeling domain,but higher income and better education have positive influence.Conclusion The person with essential hypertension had poorer scores of QOL than the normotensive and some factors influence the scores.People with higher level of the blood pressure had lower scores of more domains and different levels and types of blood pressure had negative effect on QOL.


Unlike well accepted FPGA emulation for digital circuits, there is no winning emulation solution for analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuits. This paper presents an analog circuit emulation based on wave digital filters (WDFs), which covers the entire flow of transforming an AMS circuit from SPICE netlist to hardware implementation in FPGA. More specifically, it presents the theoretical support of how to map linear and nonlinear circuit components to WDF. The detail implementation of each WDF component in FPGA is not elaborated due to the page limit. Experiments show that there is a virtually perfect match between FPGA emulation and HSPICE simulations on two small but representative analog circuits, indicating high accuracy of the proposed emulation, and the FPGA-based WDF emulation can process analog signal sampled at as high as 512KHz, which is adequate for a variety of biomedical sensing applications.


The main advantage of a single-author monograph is the homogeneity of presentation and balance between chapters. Though the 2nd volume of Metal Toxicity in Mammals was written by two authors, they formed a single team, which assured that all the metals and metalloids are covered with the same systematic sequence: occurrence, concentration in the earth's crust, in the sea and in the human body, industrial use, chemistry, metabolism and toxicity. The great disadvantage of a single-author monograph that covers a field as large as metal toxicity is that, though the author has the courage to face a formidable problem, he might not have the time to digest the accumulated material. My feeling, while reading the book, was that under the balanced format the substance in this monograph is unbalanced. The chapter on lanthanides is brilliant, but that on mercury disappointing. There are many factual mistakes in the mercury chapter, such as the sex-dependent susceptibility to the nephrotoxic effect of Hgzf or the signs of methylmercury intoxication are listed for chronic mercury vapour intoxication. Unjustified statements and the use of terms like 'crowding of Hgz+ ions around the immediately available thiol groups' as an explanation for the toxic actions of mercury were also a source of disappointment, which prompted me to develop a theory : their knowledge on lanthanides is above average and that on mercury well below average. However, I had not stopped to think that it might not be so, and perhaps my knowledge on mercury is adequate and my knowledge on lanthanides well below average. With this thought I went back to scrutinize other chapters and I found sentences like 'Gold is not essential to mammals but may be stimulatory', I found the description of lead intoxication incomprehensible, and 1 found wrongly presented references, like that of Baltrop on page 188, which stated that the kidney lysosomal fraction contained most of the '03Pb, though according to Baltrop 'most of the lead was bound to the mitochondria and little to lysosomes'. In spite of these and other very substantial shortcomings, both the immense effort put into this monograph and my limited knowledge inhibited me from giving a thoroughly unfavourable verdict. The authors have diligently collected approximately 1250 references and, though they have not always used them correctly, and there are many omissions, e.g. the whole of page 46 on beryllium remained without a reference, they certainly have made an effort to provide a service for those who are interested in the subject. Therefore, before making up my mind, I asked Professor Magnus Piscator, an eminent expert on cadmium, to read the chapter on this important metal. He read it and his opinion was partly favourable: 'the chapter on cadmium can be used by toxicology courses to test the knowledge of students by the number of factual mistakes and misrepresentations discovered per page'. LASLO MAGOS


Tropical cyclones are environmental disturbances that may have important effects on open-ocean ecosystem structure and function, but their overall impact has rarely been assessed. The Stenella Abundance Research Line Transect and Ecosystem (STARLITE) survey, in AugustNovember 2007, investigated spatial and temporal ecosystem variability in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean off southwestern Mexico. Oceanographic, plankton, fly- ingfish, seabird, and cetacean sampling was con- ducted along eight 170 km transect lines, each of which were surveyed on 2 consecutive days at ~3 wk intervals. Tropical storm Kiko passed though the study area on 15�17 October and forced changes in the physical environment and in the ecosystem, from plankton to top predators. Kiko mixed water from beneath the strong, shallow thermocline to the sur- face. As a result, surface temperature decreased by 0.6°C, the thermocline and chlorophyll maximum layer shoaled by 10�20 m, stratification decreased by 27%, and chlorophyll increased by 33% at the sur- face and 35% over the euphotic zone. These changes persisted for at least 4 wk. Zooplankton biomass increased by 59% about 3 wk after the phyto - plankton increase. Changes in the stomach fullness and diet composition of planktivorous flyingfish were consistent with the increase in zooplankton biomass. Among top predators, the sighting rate of dolphins declined, while the response of seabirds varied by species and was confounded by seasonal migration patterns. Tropical cyclones are a recurrent distur- bance in this region. They initiate a bottom-up forc- ing of the ecosystem, creating persistent patches of higher primary and secondary production, and may be regarded as a disturbance regime.


Threshold measurements were made by Bekesy sweep‐frequency audiometry for pulsed and steady tones in the presence of wide‐ and narrow‐band noise introduced in the same receiver. Threshold shifts produced by various intensities of noise were compared for normal and pathologic ears. Most pathologic ears showed findings similar to normal ears. In six cases, all of whom had marked abnormal adaptation, the masking effect was strikingly different. Masking effects at the center of the narrow band were 5 or more dB greater than in normal ears and the lateral spread of masking approached the effect of white noise with narrow‐band masking.


Clinical and radiological data and associated hormonal deficiencies were studied in 107 patients, with growth hormone deficiency: 46 had isolated growth hormone deficiency (1GHD)(25 males, 21 females) and 61 had multiple hypothalamic-pituitary hormone deficies (MHPD) (45 males, 16 females).Of the patients with IGHD, 82.2% were prepubertal, 40% had micropenis, 21.4% cryptorchidism, 61.4% were born by normal delivery (1 forceps), 29.5% delivered by cesarean section, 9.1% pelvic presentation and 2 pairs of twins. 17.5% had neonatal problems, 27.3% associated anomalies, 9.1% parental consanguinity and 13.3% affected siblings.In the group with MHPD 91.8% were prepubertal, 38.6% had micropenis, 11.1% cryptochidism, 51.8% normal delivery (4 forceps), 17.8% delivered by cesarean section, 30.4% with pelvic presentation at bird, 61.5% had neonaltal problem, 12.5% associated anomalies, 10.9% parental consanguinity and only 1 affected sibling. 14 patients with IGHD and 25 with MHPD had cranial CI-scans; abnormalities were described by the radiologist in 50% and 68%, respectively: 7.7% had empty sella, changes. The high incidence of empty sella is probably due to the small dimension of the sella in this condition. Associated hormonal deficiencies: GH + TRH (21.1%) GH +TRH + LHRH + CRF (14.0%), GH + TRH + LHRH (10.5%), GH + LHRH (10.5%), GH + TRH + CRF (8.8%).


Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a group of mathematical and statistical methods used for exploring the optimum operating conditions through statistical design of experiments. Obtaining the suitable analytical model between input variables and one or more responses is the main stage in RSM studies. When the response has replications, these replicated values may cause error. The proper modeling approach should be preferred according to the source of error, which is randomness or measurement error. In this study, Bayesian approach and fuzzy approach are used to estimate the model parameters in which the error becomes randomness and measurement error, respectively. The novelty of this study is analysis of response surface model parameters, which are obtained by using Bayesian approach and fuzzy approach, through interval analysis. The interpretation of model parameters and the comparison of modeling approaches are evaluated by interval arithmetic metrics. The suggested approaches are applied on replicated response measured two data sets and the results are discussed.


In industrial applications, it is essential to know and estimate the Handgrip Strength (HGS) of workers to accordingly designate them to appropriate job specifications. Most of the manufacturing companies have a manual or semiautomatic product processing unit; thus, it will require an ample amount of dexterity that constitutes to the exertion of grip force. This study aims to assess the relationship between the Anthropometric and Handgrip Strength of the manufacturing workers that can be used both the industrial sector and government implementing agencies. Nine hand dimensions and thirteen body measurements in standing position with the HGS considering both genders were tested among sixty participants. The HGS of both hands were used in developing regression models for Anthropometric Measurements and Demographic Profile. The results show that the gender, age group, tenure, five hand dimensions and nine body measurements in standing position significantly affects the HGS. The findings will provide companies and government labour and safety agencies comprehensive information on the Anthropometric and Handgrip Strength measurements of the manufacturing workers. The results therefore can provide relevant perspectives in terms of the proper designation of workers and improves the ergonomics and safety of the workers employed both in domestic and international workplaces.


This paper presents a method based on wavelet analysis (WA) and Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) to predict transient stability status (TSS) after a disturbance. It uses as input data, generator terminal frequency deviations extracted at a rate of thirty-two samples per cycle. Only the first eight frequency deviation samples per machine are needed. The eight samples are sub-divided into two sets, one set consisting of the first four samples and the other set consisting of the last four samples. Each set of samples is decomposed into 2 levels using the Daubechies 8 mother wavelet and the absolute peak value of detail coefficients obtained. The absolute peaks of detail coefficients of the first sample sets of all generators are added and so are the absolute peaks of detail coefficients of the second sample sets. The two summed values are then used as inputs to a trained MLPNN which predicts the TSS. The method was evaluated using the New England test system. It was noted to be 94.1% accurate.