In order to replace the complicated operation of the traditional vector network analyzer, the portable magnetic resonance probe performance detection system has become a research hotspot. However, its measurement accuracy has not been high. This research aims to improve the traditional calibration algorithm. While eliminating the directional error, source matching error and reverse tracking error in the traditional single-port network model. The deviation of measurement results caused by the lack of standard calibration parts is eliminated. Compared with the existing algorithms, the accuracy of experimental results are significantly improved.


Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on mice jejunum and motor activity was recorded from in vitro segments of jejunum ~ 4 cm in length. jejunal segments were mounted horizontally in separate perfusion chamber. Furthermore, using vanilloid receptor 1 deficient mice (VR 1-/-) we tested hypothesis that extrinsic sensory nerves mediated alterations, in motor activity responses in the presence different concentration of of hydrogen sulphide (100-3000 μM).


The Semana de Mitsica Religiosa de Cuenca (30 March 8 April 2007) is one of the longest-established annual music festivals in Spain: this was its 46th year, and it is clearly set to continue for the foreseeable future, thanks to the financial commitment of the various national, regional and local bodies, as well as the Fundaci6n Caja Madrid. Cuenca is, in fact, a two-hour drive from Madrid, in the direction of Valencia, and very much in the middle of nowhere in the flat plains of Castilla La Mancha. The old part of the town, constructed on the side of a dramatic ravine and famous for its 'casas colgadas' (literally, 'hanging houses') built into the sheer rock face, retains its medieval character and is an important tourist attraction, particularly in Holy Week when the nazarenos, the members of the many different confraternities, process, day and night, through the streets wearing robes and pointed hats in their respective colours, and carrying their impressive floats (carros) with polychrome sculptures of the various stages of the Passion of Christ and the figure of the Virgin. This local colour, as it might be described in a tourist brochure, not only forms a striking backdrop to the festival, but also forms an integral part of the urban sound-world during this long week of concerts dedicated to sacred music, talks and liturgical ceremonies. For all these reasons, the SMR is a very special kind of cultural event in which the performative spaces and the prevailing atmosphere are an essential part of the whole, rather as is the case with the Aldeburgh Festival (though in other ways very different from it). This was Artistic Director Pilar Tomis's second year, and the first for which she has been responsible for the whole of the programming, which, though not entirely dedicated to early music, features it strongly. This year one of the themes of the festival was the mass, represented in a range of different settings from Pierre de la Rue, through Monteverdi and Bach, to Beethoven, Bruckner and Stravinsky. The concerts were as high-profile, international and impressive as has been the case for some years, but there is a noticeable development in the matching of performative space to concert programme, in part taking advantage of the gradual restoration of churches in the old quarter, and enhancing the essence of the musical repertory. The modern Teatro Auditorio, situated almost at the bottom of the ravine, opposite the hanging houses, is an attractive and comfortable small concert hall, with a clear but slightly dry acoustic. Gustav Leonhardt's programme of three Bach masses with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment and the superb English Voices suffered somewhat in this context. Leonhardt, whose organ recital in the cathedral of music by Buxtehude, Hassler, Pachelbel, Bach, Correa de Araujo, Cabanilles, Martin y Coil and Blow (among other composers!) was a model of clear articulation, seemed to regard the small choir as a mini-rank of organ pipes, their voices clean and articulated, but largely devoid of expression and variation in intensity, this being exacerbated by the reverential tempos he adopted. This approach might have worked better in a more resonant acoustic, such as that of the cathedral, but in the concert hall it all came across as rather clipped and unsustained. English Voices did, indeed, sing Domenico Scarlatti's socalled 'Madrid' Mass in the cathedral at the service on


The chemical composition of the volatile oil of ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes of Delhi region , has been studied under different physical factors. The volatile oil of the fresh rhi zomes is composed mainly of β - germacrene - D (25.4 %), linaloo l (11.8 %), camphene (9.4%), (Z) - β - farnesene (8.4 %), guaia - 6 , 9 - diene (8.3 %), limonene oxide (5.9 %) , citronellal (3.6 %) and α - guaiene (3.5 %). When the volatile oil was heated at 110° C for 24 hours, β - germacrene - D (19.7 %), linalool (13.4 %), camphene (10.1 %), limonene (8.2 %), guaia - 6,9 - diene (6.5 %), limonene - 1,2 - epoxide (4.9 %) and α - guaiene (3.2 %) were the major constituents. Exposure of the volatile oil to sunlight for 48 hours as 1 5 ° C showed the presence of β - germacrene - D (21.4 %), linalool (14.5 %), camphene (8.7 %), cis - carveol (6.5 %), neral (5.8 %) and α - guaiene (3.2 %) as the main components. UV light exposure of the volatile oil for 24 hours at 12° C exhibited the occurrence of β - caryophyllene (23 %), linalool (12.9 %), camphene (9 %), valencene (8.2 %), (Z) - β - farnesene (8.1 %) and nerol (6.6 %) as the prominent constituents. The predominant compounds of the silica gel treated oil for 24 hours at 12° C included β - germacrene - D (22 % ), linalool (18.4 %), β - selinene (7.5 %), camphene (8.7 %), δ - cadinene (6.8 %), gamma - cadinene (6.8 %), limonene oxide (6.6 %), citronellal (5.4 %) and α - guaiene (3.6 %). Treatment of the volatile oil with alumina neutral for 24 hours at 12° C produced abu ndantly β - germacrene - D (26.2 %), linalool (14 %), (Z) - β farnesene (11 %), β - selinene (8.3 %), camphene (6.4 %), tagetonol (5.8 %), borneol (3.9 %) and α - selinene (3.3 %). Camphene (10.1 – 6.4 %) and linalool (14.5 – 11.8 %) were the major components presen t in all the oil samples.


One of the ways to meet future emission standards for cars and to limit the peak pressure of a heavy-duty, highly supercharged diesel engine is to reduce the compression ratio. Nevertheless, complications appear because stringent limitations to a reduction in the diesel compression ratio are the start-up requirements, in particular at high altitudes. An experimental study was conducted on the effect of the altitude on the combustion characteristics during the start-up process of a direct-injection midspeed intercooled turbocharged diesel engine with a compression ratio of 14.25:1. Specialized testing was conducted on the low-compression-ratio diesel engine, the intake pressure and the exhaust pressure of which were controlled by a plateau simulation test system to simulate the conditions at altitudes of 0 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 3000 m, 3750 m and 4500 m. The results indicated that the pressure in the cylinder was lower during the cranking period as the altitude increased and that this caused the ignition operation to become difficult at altitudes above 3000 m. The combustion characteristics are significantly impacted by altitudes above 2000 m. At an altitude of 0–1000 m, the curve pattern of the cycle cylinder pressure had mainly a single peak during the start-up period. When the altitude increased to 2000 m, twin peaks and afterburn appeared in the cycles. Misfire appeared during the start-up period when the altitude increased to 3000 m, the combustion instability increased and the average indicated mean effective pressure decreased rapidly. When the altitude increases, the cycle-to-cycle variations in the peak pressure increased during idle, the ignition and the crank angle position at 50% of the cumulative heat release rate were delayed and the combustion duration was extended.


Traditional linear mixed effects models assume the distributions of the random effects and errors follow normal distribution with mean zero and homoscedastic variance σ2. This thesis presents a new nonparametric testing approach for normality for the random effects distribution based on the piecewise linear interpolate of the log characteristic function along the grid when the number of replications is low. The ideas behind this approach were presented first by Meintanis and Portnoy (2011). The best initial grid and grid length were found, and empirical powers from the presented approach were compared with the empirical powers from Kolmogorov-Smirnov test under two venues, the first one assuming the variance of the random errors distribution is less than the variance of the random effects distribution and the second one assuming the contrary. The method was proven to be √ n consistent. Real data set from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Trial (MDRD) Study A — a longitudinal study — was used to test for normality of the random effects and errors distributions, and further, from the empirical characteristic function of the random effects and errors, the empirical density functions were estimated through the deconvolution of the empirical characteristic functions.


As part of a comprehensive investigation on insects affecting the low-bush blueberry in New Brunswick, a study has been made since 1950 of the saw-flies present in blueberry fields in Charlotte County. Of the 19 species collected by sweeping, onIv three Neopareophora litura (Klug), Pristiphora idiota (Nort.), and Pristiphora sp., feed on blueberry; the remainder feed on other plants growing in or near the blueberry fields. Blueberry sawflies are common in New Brunswick but do not cause any serious injury. However, in Maine, Phipps (1930, pp. 107-232) reported complete defoliation of 50 acres of blueberries by sawfly larvae.


Saturation hybridisation with labelled single—copy UTA shows that polysomal poly(A)+ HHA of rat liver and of a minimus—deviation rat hepatcma cell—line (HTC) have similar total complexities and that few sequenoes are specific to either coil-type. Hybridisation kinetios of polygonal olKls with tenplate and heterologous oell RHAB indioate that • proportion of liver messengers are at greatly reduced abundance in the hepatoma, but not the converse. Hybridisations using fractionated CIHAB enriched for abundant polysanal sequences confirm these findingsi on average, abundant liver mHHAs are about 100-fold rarer in hepatoma, whereas abundant hepatoma mBSAs are only 3-fold rarer in l iver. Ibis pattern i s also implied by oell-free translation of polysomal poly(A)+ RHAB. The reactions of total and fractionated polysanal oIHA probes with poly(l)+ nuclear RHA indicate that there i s much less disparity in abundance of these sequences at nuclear level , Implying that the differences arise, at least in part, poet— transoriptionally* He interpret the altered mRHA abundances in the hepatoma in terms both of i t s decreased functional specialisation and i t s abil ity to proliferate.


A focused study on the C-band polarimetric scattering and physical characteristics of experimental sea ice was conducted at the Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility. Sea ice was grown in an outdoor pool outfitted with automated sensors to monitor environmental conditions. Radar measurements were sensitive to four distinct stages of development: (I) initial formation, (II) surface brine expulsion, (III) frost flower growth, and (IV) decimation. An optimal polarization and incidence angle was not readily apparent for the purposes of identifying the frost flower development stages I-III; however, low incidence angles appear to be most sensitive to the surface brine expulsion. Only the dual-polarization measurements at low incidence angles could be used to identify the onset of the decimation stage (IV). Backscatter increased rapidly during the initial formation, with a local maximum corresponding to ca. 80% areal coverage of frost flowers, followed by a local minimum when the surface was covered by a brine-rich surface layer, showing that surface brine expulsion may be identified using polarimetric scatterometry.


Spectra of thermally grown amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) films upon a silicon wafer with thicknesses ranging from 12 to 647 nm were measured with an infrared phase-modulated ellipsometer. The observed shifts of the transverse-optical- and longitudinal-optical-mode frequencies of the Si—O bond stretching vibration as functions of the films thickness are shown to be pure optical effects. These shifts are described in terms of the classical electromagnetic theory. The characteristic features of this optical phenomenon are discussed in detail. A method for analytical elimination of this thickness-dependent line shift is proposed.


Based on panel data of agriculture and forestry universities during 2010- 2012,the allocation efficiency was measured by DEA method. Combined with agricultural total output value in each province in China,the key factors restricting allocation efficiency were found out. The results showed that the main restricting factors for science and technology resource allocation efficiency include various examination system,human resources investment structure imbalance,science and technology resources concentration and agricultural industry concentration is not matching,short board effect of science and technology parks in university. Market,government and society should be integrated to realize the optimum allocation of science and technology resource in agriculture and forestry universities.


The utility model discloses a through type millimeter wave human body security inspection system which comprises an inspection channel, a pair of passive millimeter wave imaging devices, a pair of optical imaging devices and a pair of computer systems, wherein the inspection channel is used for carrying out security inspection on persons to be inspected; the paired passive millimeter wave imaging devices are used for carrying out inspection and millimeter wave imaging on the persons to be inspected passing through a security channel; the paired optical imaging devices correspond to the passive millimeter wave imaging devices and are used for optically imaging the bodies inspected by the passive millimeter wave imaging devices; and the paired computer systems are used for processing and comparing a millimeter wave image with an optical image, and thus whether the inspected persons carry forbidden objects or not is judged. According to the through type millimeter wave human body security inspection system provided by the utility model, the full-body dynamic scanning for the inspected persons can be realized to obtain the millimeter wave image and the optical image of the human body, and thus the inspection and automatic alarm of the forbidden objects hidden in clothes of the human body are realized.


Studies of noise properties of thick-film conducting lines from Au or PdAg conductive pastes on LTCC or alumina substrates are reported. Experiments have been carried out at the room temperature on samples prepared in the form of meanders by traditional screen-printing or laser-shaping technique. Due to a low resistance of the devices under test (DUTs), low-frequency noise spectra have been measured for the dc-biased samples arranged in a bridge configuration, transformer-coupled to a low-noise amplifier. The detailed analysis of noise sources in the signal path and its transfer function, including the transformer, has been carried out, and a procedure for measurement setup self-calibration has been described. The 1/ f noise component originating from resistance fluctuations has been found to be dominant in all DUTs. The analysis of experimental data leads to the conclusion that noise is produced in the bends of meanders rather than in their straight segments. It occurs that noise of Au-based laser-shaped lines is significantly smaller than screen-printed ones. PdAg lines have been found more resistive but simultaneously less noisy than Au-based lines.


ABSTRACT Objective: Our aim was to examine the accuracy of the German version of the Distress Thermometer (DT) compared with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with palliative care needs living at home. Method: Ours was a 15-month cross-sectional study beginning in September of 2013 in Germany with consecutive patients cared for by a palliative home care service. The survey was implemented during the initial visit by a home care team. Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years of age, mentally or physically unable to complete the assessment questionnaires as judged by their healthcare worker, or unable to understand the German language. During the first encounter, the DT and HADS were applied, and sociodemographic and medical data were collected. Results: A total of 89 persons completed both the HADS and DT questionnaires (response rate = 59.7%; mean age = 67 years; female = 55.1%; married = 65.2%; living home with relatives = 73.0%; oncological condition = 92.1%; Karnofsky Performance Scale [KPS] score: 0–40 = 30.3%, 50–70 = 57.3%, >80 = 6.7%). The mean DT score was 6.3 (±2.3), with 84.3% of participants scoring above the DT cutoff (≥4). The mean HADStotal score was 17.9 (±7.8), where 64% of participants had a total HADS score (HADStotal) ≥15, 51.7% reported anxiety (HADSanxiety ≥ 8), and 73% reported depression (HADSdepression ≥ 8). Using the HADS as a gold standard, a DT cutoff score ≥5 was optimal for identifying severe distress in patients with palliative care needs, with a sensitivity of 93.0%, a specificity of 34.4%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 73.3%, and likelihood ratios LR+ = 1.42 (<3) and –LR = 0.203 (<0.3). Significance of results: The DT performed satisfactorily compared to the HADS in screening for distress in our study and can be employed as an instrument for identification of patients with distress. Consequent to the high prevalence of distress, we recommend its routine use for screening distressed persons at home with palliative care needs in order to offer adequate support.


A hyperspectrometer based on the Offner scheme was investigated. Spectral characteristics were studied and calibrated using a standard spectrometer. As a result of estimating the deviations of the spectra of the imaging hyperspectrometer and the reference spectrometer, calibration coefficients were obtained. The reflectance spectra of beets, onions and potatoes under natural solar illumination were experimentally obtained. Based on the analysis of hyperspectral imaging data, an analysis of the distribution of vegetative indices and, in particular, moisture content, was carried out. Analysis of histograms of moisture content index distribution was carried out.


Background : Aesthetic surgery is not well developed in Nigeria. It forms a small part of plastic surgery service at the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu. Few reports of the scope of aesthetic surgery are available from the sub region. We report our experience of aesthetic surgery in our centre, a Nigerian sub regional apex hospital specializing in plastic, orthopaedic and trauma surgery, and make pertinent recommendations. Patients and methods : Retrospective analysis records of consecutive patients attended to between January 2000 and December 2005. Results : Elective plastic surgical procedures performed were 3,759, of which 68 (1.81%) were for aesthetic indications. Fifteen of the clients (22.06%) were male and 53 (77.94%) female. Fifty procedures (73.53%) were performed on the face, nine on the limbs, six on the trunk, two on the skull and one on the neck. Fifty four of these (79.41%) were scar revisions, six mammoplasties, and three were otoplasties, two cranioplasties, and one lip augmentation, one abdominoplasty and one rhinoplasty. Forty nine were carried out by consultants and nineteen by senior residents; seventeen of those procedures being scar revision. Specialized instruments such as lasers and cannulae for liposuction or liposculpture were not available. Conclusion : Aesthetic surgery is still underdeveloped in our practice.


Organic airborne particles such as mold spores and pollen cause a variety of diseases. Two types of micro sensors for real-time monitoring of such organic airborne particles have been developed using semiconductor thin-film. A basic type thin-film sensor has a simple configuration with a double-layered sensing film deposited on an alumina substrate. A MEMS type sensor is composed of two parts: a sensing element and a micro heater. Both parts are fabricated by using thin film technology, IC fabrication process and micromachining technique. The double-layered sensing film is deposited on a diaphragm formed on a Si substrate. A thin film heater is placed in parallel at a distance of about 50 I¼m. The resistance of both sensors steeply decreases and then recovers to the initial value when a mold spore or a grain of pollen adheres to the surface of the sensing film and burns on it. The resistance change and the recovery time depend on the size of the organic airborne particles. Thus it is possible to identify the species of the particle by the developed sensors. The sensors offer simple and inexpensive method to monitor organic airborne materials.


New simulations suggest a universal relationship between the mean number of fibers per zone in a complete sampling scheme and the mean void size, independent of whether the structure is isotropic or anisotropic, contains crimped or straight fibers, randomly laid or flocculated. The mean and standard deviation turn out to be positively correlated for some network parameters, such as mean void size, density, and mean number of fiber contacts. Also, our simulations suggest that fiber crimp has a higher impact on isotropic nonwovens. As crimp is increased, isotropic structures tend to present smaller mean voids, higher mean number of fibers per zone, and higher total number of bonds per fiber, than anisotropic structures.


Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is the most common autosomal dominant inherited ataxia worldwide and is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Ataxin-3 gene resulting in a polyQ expansion in the corresponding protein. The disease is characterized by neuropathological (aggregate formation, cell loss), phenotypical (gait instability, body weight reduction), and specific transcriptional changes in affected brain regions. So far, there is no mouse model available representing all the different aspects of the disease, yet highly needed to gain a better understanding of the disease pathomechanism. Methods Here, we characterized a novel Ataxin-3 knock-in mouse model, expressing either a heterozygous or homozygous expansion of 304 CAG/CAAs in the murine Ataxin-3 locus using biochemical, behavioral, and transcriptomic approaches. Further, we compared the transcriptional changes of the knock-in mice to those found in human SCA3 patients, to evaluate the comparability of our model. Results The novel Ataxin-3 knock-in mouse is characterized by the expression of a polyQ-expansion in the murine Ataxin-3 protein, leading to massive aggregate formation, especially in brain regions known to be vulnerable in SCA3 patients, and impairment of Purkinje cells. Along these neuropathological changes, mice showed a reduction in body weight accompanied by gait and balance instability. Transcriptomic analysis of cerebellar tissue revealed age-dependent differential expression, enriched for genes attributed to myelinating oligodendrocytes. Comparing these transcriptional changes with those found in cerebellar tissue of SCA3 patients, we discovered an overlap of differentially expressed genes pointing towards similar gene expression perturbances in several genes linked to myelin sheaths and myelinating oligodendrocytes. Conclusion The novel Ataxin-3 knock-in model shares neuropathological, behavioral, and transcriptomic features with human SCA3 patients and, therefore, represents an ideal model to investigate early-onset developments, therapy studies, or longitudinal biomarker alterations.


Experimental results are presented on event-by-event net-proton fluctuation measurements in Pb–Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2 . 76 TeV, recorded by the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. These measurements have as their ultimate goal an experimental test of Lattice QCD (LQCD) predictions on second and higher order cumulants of net-baryon distributions to search for critical behavior near the QCD phase boundary. Before confronting them with LQCD predictions, account has to be taken of correlations stemming from baryon number conservation as well as fluctuations of participating nucleons. Both effects influence the experimental measurements and are usually not considered in theoretical calculations. For the first time, it is shown that event-by-event baryon number conservation leads to subtle long-range correlations arising from very early interactions in the collisions. Research. This is an open access article the SCOAP 3


Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a chronic disease and one of the major health problems worldwide, playing a significant role in the morbidity and mortality nowadays. It is a condition characterized by the presence of myocardial ischemia, either associated or not with fibrosis caused by myocardial infarction. It is associated with severe complications on physical, mental and socio- economic status, leading to the impairment of patients' quality of life.
Objectives: To assess health-related quality of life in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and to determine the relationship between health-related quality of life and functional status and echocardiographic results. Moreover, to determine the demographic, social and clinical factors affecting health-related quality of life.
Material and method: The sample consisted of 70 patients (59 male/ 11 female, mean age 73.53+10.02) suffering from ischemic cardiomyopathy, who were admitted to the cardiology department of the General Hospital of Drama from 5/10/2015 until 30/4/2016. Health-related quality of life was assessed using two generic instruments, the SF-36 and the EQ-5D. Collected and analyzed data included demographic characteristics, medical history, clinical signs, laboratory test results and echocardiographic parameters.
Results: The mean levels of physical and mental summary components of the SF-36 questionnaire were 45.57 and 53.43, respectively. The EQ-VAS mean score was 5.23+1.89 while the EQ-5D index was 0.609. Predisposing factors for lower health-related quality of life were low physical activity, higher NYHA classification, low hematocrit, low creatinine clearance and medical history of coronary artery bypass graft. There were not statistically significant correlations with the ejection fraction of left ventricular.
Conclusions: Ischemic cardiomyopathy patients seem to have impaired reported health-related quality of life, compared to the general population. Functional status appears to affect their health-related quality of life, while the echocardiographic indices of left ventricular systolic function do not approve statistically significant correlations with health-related quality of life. SF-36 and EQ-5D seem to be reliable and valid instruments in assessing the health-related quality of life in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.


We propose a crosstalk-free 360-Degree display system based on n-gonal pyramidal mirrors assemblage with attached diaphragms and 3D imaging sources. Moreover, we evaluate the 3D floating display system by simulations and experiments.


Abstract A drive system of a section of a metallurgical rolling table consisting of six dc motors, 2220 amperes of total current, fed from a single ABB reversible thyristor converter has been described in this paper. Autonomous excitation circuits of the motors are fed from independent thyristor converters working in the so called MULTIFEX system linked with a supervisory high power converter. There are presented schemes of the DSL communication realized by FEX excitation cards of the motors using the SDSC card of the DCS-800-S02 converter and logic control system based on a PLC controller. The parameterization of the DCS-800 converter and the DCF 803 excitation systems was conducted using the DriveWindow software tool. Significant waveforms of voltages, currents and the estimated motor velocity are described and presented for the idle run as well as during transporting sheets discharged from a pusher furnace.


we can lead to an algebraic equation by Fourier expansion for the equation (?)βx_n+ex_n~3=e(x_(n+1)-2x_n+x_(n-1))+eF_n(t).Then the nonresonance condition is proved.Furthermore,we can prove the existence of fixed point by contraction mapping theorem.As a result,quasiperiodic solutions of the equation exist.


Based on regional characteristics of Xiangtan City and in line with relevant principle of overall coordination of urban and rural land use, this paper builds an evaluation system for overall urban and rural land use in Xiangtan City. With weight of each index determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process, it makes quantitative analysis of overall urban and rural land use of Xiangtan City in recent 8 years. Finally, it proposes feasible recommendations for overall coordinated development of urban and rural land use in Xiangtan City according to current land use situations.


By now, three-phase bi-directional AC/DC converter has been developed to an advanced level with the property of high efficiency, high power quality, low cost, enhanced reliability. This paper makes a detailed review of three-phase bi-directional AC/DC converters, and explores a broad perspective on different topologies and control schemes to designers, application engineers and end users. At last, this paper presents some design considerations, which saves time and cost of development for designers and bring about great convenience for end users and engineers.


Advertising translation is a multifaceted practice which poses specific challenges for translators that extend beyond sheer linguistic competence of the professionals involved in the process. Cross-cultural awareness and sensitivity are called for when dealing with translating commercial matter internationally and interculturally. This paper presents a comparative analysis of a TV commercial of natural yoghurt and its representation in two languages. The advert was originally created in French, subsequently translated and dubbed in English by a French-accent English speaker. The English version deviates slightly linguistically and culturally from its French counterpart. The notions of explicitation, equivalence, adaptation and localisation applied in this paper provide grounds for analysis of a range of translation decisions and strategies which allow to achieve similar advertising pragmatic effects as well as add extra dimensions that are absent in the source text.


According to the operational principle of the Bipolar Junction Transistors(BJTs), comparison and optimization of two different mesa edge termination techniques on high-voltage 4H-SiC BJTs by a computer-based analysis are presented here, aiming at increasing the breakdown voltage. Based on the avalanche mechanism, the breakdown condition is first derived and then the breakdown voltage is numerically calculated. The calculation results show that various parameters including doping concentration, implantation depth and the distance from the base mesa can have great influence on the high-voltage performance.


Two pairs of primers based on mature peptide of mouse TPO gene sequence was designed according references and PCR amplification was performed,the 478bp cDNA that codes N-terminal of mTPO(153aa) and the 1032bp mTPO cDNA were amplified;mTPO153 DNA fragment was ligated with a 51bp heparin-binding site(Lys119-Lys135aa) DNA fragment in bFGF Then two fragments were cloned into M13mp18 and M13mp19 vector for bidirectional sequencing,the result proved that the cloned genes were mTPO153H and mTPO Both gene were cloned in expressing vector pMAL-C2X,pMAL/mTPO and pMAL/mTPO153H recombinant plasmids were constructed PCR and digest by enzyme were used to test the recombinant


Being conscious about the places of concealment and asking for concealing
the meaning away from publicity and disclosure is an aim, ambition, and
endeavor that the writer or artist relies on to achieve uniqueness and
exceptionality in expression. This may ensure that the reader will not escape the
grip of the text, seeking for an implicit, hidden meaning which has nothing to do
with the obvious meaning whether this implicit meaning relates to a word,
signal, and symbol or through writing, space, or punctuation and this ensures a
special literary achievement which is based on terse style and aesthetic meaning
rather than banal style and meaning.
Therefore, this study demonstrates a clear conception of the dimensions in
which the meaning is formed ranging between the obvious craftiness and the
logical circle of sequence which is based on elaborate composition of words and
on close relations to reality that does not need intense, logical recourse in
research and inquiry. The second phase is liberating from all templates of the
word and its literal meaning through organized deconstructing of structures and
relations. This study attempts to follow the movement of the meaning through a
conscious, profound intellectual journey, emphasizing that the meaning is not
restricted to words but there are lanes and ways that lead to the purpose of the
meaning along with the clarification of the aesthetics, psychological, social and
political purposes that meaning withholds.
Keywords: The Display and Concealment, The Invisibility of the Indication,
The Duality of the Pronunciation and Meaning, The Clarity and Mystery,
The Arab's Ways of Concealment.


A method of haemagglutinin (HA) purification by means of K2-tartarate gradient centrifugation is described. Different influenza virus strains possessing the antigenic formulas H1N1, H2N2 and H3N2 yielded pure and immunologically active HA samples.


The safe delivery of an office-based anesthetic starts with the office set-up. The anesthesiologist preparing to provide services in the office setting needs to be aware of all the issues involved. It is his/her primary responsibility to ensure that the office provides as safe an environment as a hospital or a free-standing ambulatory surgery center. In this article, the considerations and requirements to accomplish this are discussed.


Fake News is to meet the psychological needs of the audience;it is also because of intense competition in the media industry and is easy to make fake news.Through improving the employment mechanism,strengthening self-discipline of journalists,and enhancing the professional ethics,we could avoid the harm of fake news on our society.


E.G. Beek, 1991. Spatial interpolation of daily meteorological data; theoretical evaluation of available techniques. Wageningen (The Netherlands), DLO The Winand Staring Centre. Report 53.1.44 pp.; 13 Figs; 1 Table; 20 Refs. In agromcteorological crop yield models meteorological values at not observed points have to be obtained by means of interpolation techniques. In this study, interpolation onto a 50 x 50 km grid of meteorological data for Europe was demanded. The choise of the appropriate interpolation technique depends on the spatial character of the variable. The spatial and temporal character of daily means of meteorological data in North-Western Europe is described. Europe is dominated by extensive and local circulation systems. On daily base most meteorological variables do not show great differences for distances between 50-100 km and simple interpolation techniques can be used. Rainfall, however, has a high variable spatial and temporal variable. Rainfall amounts, therefore, should be interpolated by means of stochastic interpolation techniques such as kriging.


214 on which everything else rested—has drawn much less informed comment (Leon Surette's Pound in Purgatory: From Economic Radicalism to Anti-Semitism is an important exception). It is fitting then that Preda's final chapter should give helpfully lucid accounts of Pound's ideas on banking and his presentation of the Bank Wars in Cantos LXXXVIII-LXXXIX. Certainly, the poet's interest in economic matters has proved a difficult legacy, and one whose "totalitarian" entailments (in both senses of the word) may seem to relegate The Cantos to a world now lost. On the other hand, as Preda suggests, Pound's strident call for economic justice might still speak to us at a time when arguments from mere contingency seem inadequate indeed.


Introduction  Based on morphological and physiological differences in their digestive systems H ofmann and S tewart (1972) classified ruminants into three feeding types: concentrate selectors (CS), grass and roughage eaters (GR) and intermediate, opportunistic, mixed feeders (IM). In evolutionary terms CS most closely resemble the original ruminants (H ofmann 1989). They have a relatively small forestomach with large openings between the different parts of the stomach. The retention time of ingesta is short and therefore less suited to optimizing cellulose digestion. They have relatively large saliva glands, producing high volumes of saliva (F ickel et al. 1998), which may facilitate the passage of soluble nutrients down their highly developed ventricular groove. The CS ruminants choose easily digestible forage, especially dicotyledons, which are rich in soluble plant cell contents (PCC, T ixier et al. 1997; D uncan et al. 1998). With evolution, the forestomach of the ruminants became larger relative to body size, and also more subdivided. These evolutionary adaptations optimized the selective retention of feed particles and increased retention time, leading to improvement of cellulose digestion. Large GR are well adapted to digest plant cell walls (PCW), i.e. structural carbohydrates (cellulose); they consequently feed mainly on monocotyledons.

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are very small ruminants which select concentrated feed. As energy requirements increase proportional to metabolic body weight (K leiber 1961) roe deer require relatively more energy per unit body mass for maintenance compared to that required by large ruminants (V an S oest 1994; D uncan et al. 1998). Easily digestible forage is not sufficient to satisfy the energy requirements of roe deer. It is proposed therefore that these animals may have other methods of avoiding energy losses due to microbial fermentation, either bypassing nutrients down the ventricular groove (rumen bypass) or by ruminal escape of unfermented and/or partially fermented nutrients (H ofmann 1989). The relatively high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the depot fat of roe deer due to only partial rumen biohydrogenation (M eyer et al. 1998) supports the alternative hypothesis of rumen bypass or ruminal escape. Once reaching the small intestine, partially fermented or bypassed soluble carbohydrates can be further hydrolysed by maltase and sucrase to monosaccharides. These monosaccharides are then available for absorption.

The intestinal sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) in the brush border membrane (BBM) of the enterocytes is a stable indicator for the presence of sugars in the small intestine. The expression and activity of SGLT1 protein are regulated by the level of sugars reaching the small intestine (F erraris and D iamond 1989). Infusion of d-glucose into the intestinal lumen of ruminant sheep for 2 h stimulates the expression of SGLT1 which can be detected 4 days later in the newly formed mature enterocytes (S hirazi-B eechey et al. 1995). When dietary carbohydrate is removed, it takes 3 days before the brush border glucose uptake capacity decreases significantly from control values (F erraris 1994). This reflects the time of physiological cell renewal. In GR, such as sheep, the capacity of the intestine to absorb sugars decreases up to 500-fold during development (S hirazi-B eechey et al. 1995). This decrease in the intestinal absorptive capacity is a reflection of the decline in SGLT1 transport activity and protein abundance. It is not due to modifications in the structure of the absorptive surface and cannot be explained in terms of an age-related process (S hirazi-B eechey et al. 1991).

It has been shown that there is a direct correlation between the level of monosaccharides reaching the lumen of the small intestine and the expression of functional SGLT1 protein (D yer et al. 1997). Therefore in this study we aimed to investigate the presence of functional SGLT1 in the small intestine of roe deer as a stable indicator of the availability of glucose in the luminal content of the small intestine. The presence of SGLT1 protein in the small intestine will support the hypothesis of rumen bypass and/or ruminal escape of nutrients. Furthermore we measured the maltase activities in the BBM, as part of the carbohydrates reach the intestinal lumen as polysaccharides and have to be broken down to monosaccharides before absorption.


The optimal production lot-size policy for perishable items has been developed for a situation when shortage is partially buckordered and time is treated as a discrete variable. The total cost consists of cost due to deterioration, ordering cost, holding cost, cost due to backordering and cost due to lost sales. A numerical example, solved by a computer search approach, is shown to illustrate the derived model


[en] Recently, enormous interest has been focused on biological applications of metal nanoparticles NPs due to their small size, high specified surface and their great potential in application to many science fields. The most studied process concerns zero valent palladium and iron NPs improving anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons (Windt et al., 2005). Moreover, investigation carried out in our lab showed that iron NPs encapsulated in silicate matrix may enhance hydrogen production by Clostridium butyricum (Beckers et al., 2013). Nevertheless the influences of metal NPs on methane producing anaerobic digestion have seldom been investigated.The present work investigates the enhancement effect of seven different metal NPs on methane production during the thermophilic anaerobic digestion. NPs of Cu, Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Ag and Fe encapsulated in porous silica (SiO2) to prevent their coagulation and agglomeration, were added at concentration of 10-5mol/L in batch test (125ml serum bottles containing 70mL culture medium with 5g/L acetate monohydrate as the sole carbon substrate). Nickel, cobalt and iron NPs improved methane production from acetate. To confirm the previous results, the NPs were tested at different concentrations (10-4, 10-5, and 10-6 mol/L) with starch and glucose substrates. The results show that the impact increases with the increase of NPs concentrations up to 10-4 mol/L. The modified Gompertz equation was applied to describe the effect of NPs on anaerobic digestion. According to this model, the kinetic of methane production was particularly affected by nanoparticles addition. The values of the maximum methane production rate MPR (ml/day) was significantly higher 72.5% with nickel NPs at a concentration of 10-4 mol/L than the control without NPs.


Study on how to restore SLC-off data has became a hot topic in the international remote sensing domain.At the basis of summarization of present restoration methods,a new method to restore the SLC-off data using the same time MODIS09 data is proposed.The steps are as follow:Firstly,using the algorithm of a spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model(STARFM)to fuse the MODIS09 and TM/ETM data.After data fusion,we can obtain the fusion data with the same spatial and temporal resolution of SLC-off data.And then,to fill the SLC-off gap data with the MODIS and ETM fusion data using local linear histogram match.Experiment indicates that the method is superior to traditional methods and overcomes some defects in traditional repair methods,which can improve the utilization ratio of ETM+ SLC-off data to some extent.


In EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) turnkey contracts, time is applicable to the obligations of both the employer and the contractor. Accordingly, standard contracts have been drafted to allow work - residual design, detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication or erection - to proceed smoothly and efficiently. EPC turnkey contracts should not, as is very often done in India, be allowed to turn into exercises in innovative engineering.


An automatic inspection PLC control device used for a pumping station is characterized in that a PLC control device is installed in a computer in a central control chamber; the PLC control device includes a PLC host; a CPU, a storage, an input interface, an output interface, a communication interface and a power device are installed in the PLC host; an external power source is connected to the PLC host through an air switch and a UPS; a water pump house under remote control is equipped with an actuator and a sensor; real time information of the water pump house is connected to the input interface in the PLC host through equipment power circuits and lines; instructions sent from the PLC host are also connected to the actuator through the equipment power circuits and lines from the output interface; and the PLC host is connected with a man-machine interface and a printing device through a field bus.


A unified one-dimensional analysis and design procedure for radial and mixed flow turbines is presented. This procedure considers the flow in all of the turbine components, including the inlet volute, nozzled or nozzleless inlet duct, rotor and exit duct. Losses are included for each component; in the stationary ducts, friction is the main loss mechanism, and in the rotor skin friction, clearance and disk friction are considered separately. Incidence losses at entry to both nozzle and rotor are calculated using one of two loss models. For each component, the procedure is to combine the equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and entropy into a single dimensionless expression for the Mach number at exit. This approach has proved possible under a wide variety of circumstances, and with its flexibility and ease of programming for solution by computer would seem to have many applications in one-dimensional ducted flow. The predicted performance of a radial inflow nozzleless turbine is compared with experimental results. The comparison is considered to be sufficiently good to confirm the validity of this approach. The results obtained with each of the two incidence loss models are compared. Each model is found to have its own advantages and fields of application.Copyright © 1976 by ASME


The multi-objective design of PM motor is time-consuming. The accuracy complexity of the solver model and the efficiency of the optimizer affect the cycle of electromagnetic design. A fast design method of spoke-type PM motors with auxiliary notches based on lumped-parameter magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model and a hybrid multi-objective optimizer (HyMOO) are proposed in this article. The MEC model is established to quickly reflect the influence of design parameters on electromagnetic and torque performance in the account of auxiliary notch structure in the rotor lamination. Meanwhile, an HyMOO is proposed considering the Grey Wolves Optimization (GWO) model, to solve more complex multimode problems involving more parameters. The accuracy and high calculation speed of the proposed MEC are verified in comparison with the FE method. A benchmark test by general distance (GD) and inverted generational distance (IGD) proves the HyMOO with better converge speed and robustness. Based on the MEC model and HyMOO, a fast electromagnetic design is applied for the motor with requirements of 140Nm rated torque and 4.5% torque ripple. The optimal solutions are validated by FE analyses, and the best design are chosen, manufactured as prototype, and tested. Both the FE and experimental analyses verify the reliability of the fast design and the proposed motor.


The research focuses on the analysis of nominative metaphors found in the
song lyrics of an Indonesian music group, KLa Project, and an American music
group, Bon Jovi. The objectives of the research are to identify and describe the
semantic field of the nominative metaphors, then to analyze them comparatively
and contrastively to observe the relationship to the ecological system and culture.
The method of data gathering used in the research is library research. The
primary data source is the lyrics of 20 (twenty) KLa Project and Bon Jovi�s songs.
The method of data analysis used is equivalency method, in which the semantic
field of the nominative metaphors are identified and discussed in relation to the
ecological system. The method of data presentation used is formal presentation
method.
The result of the research are as follows: (1) The distribution of the
semantic field category shows that there is an imbalance in the ecological system
around the creators of the metaphors, (2) The existence of metaphors can be used
to indicate the quality of the lyric writing process, (3) 83, 89% of the metaphors
are abstract concepts symbolized by concrete concepts, and (4) Metaphors can be
used to observe the social and cultural condition around the creators of the
metaphors.


Simulation of the dynamic behavior of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant (CRBRP) is the subject of this dissertation. The range of transients under consideration extends from a moderate transient, of the type referred to as Anticipated Transient Without Scram (ATWS), to a transient initiated by an unexpected accident followed by reactor scram. The moderate range of transients can be simulated by a digital simulator referred to as the CRBRP ATWS simulator. Two versions of this simulator were prepared; in one, the plant controllers were not included, whereas, in the other, the controllers were incorporated. A simulator referred to as the CRBRP-DCHT simulator was constructed for studying transients due to unexpected accidents followed by reactor scram. In this simulator emphasis was placed on simulating the auxiliary heat removal system, in order to determine its capability to remove the after-shut down fission and decay heat. The transients studied using the two versions of the ATWS simulator include step and ramp reactivity perturbations, and an electrical load perturbation in the controlled plant. An uncontrolled control rod withdrawal followed by reactor scram was studied using the DCHT simulator, although the duration of this transient was restricted to 20 sec. because of computer limitations. The results agree very well with the expected physical behavior of the plant.


This paper proposes a novel Hybrid Emulation Platform for SW (software) development and verification of mobile AP(Application Processor) designs at the early stage of RTL(Register Transfer Level) design. The proposed platform adopts co-emulation of ESL (Electronic System Level) simulation and HW emulation. Most of the IPs are allocated to the HW emulator side to help start SW development with RTL designs. CPU, memories and peripherals, which are used frequently for Android platform boot-up, are allocated to the ESL virtual platform side, which maximizes run-time performance of SW. Proposed transactors for the IPs for external communications such as memory storage, camera modules and display modules, operate in the same way as real HW devices work, and proposed shadow memory reduces emulation time by supporting back-door and front-door transactions with a cache scheme. Also, automation of the platform build process minimizes time overhead of building a Hybrid Emulation Platform. Application results show that booting an Android platform can be completed within 54 minutes on the proposed Hybrid Emulation Platform, and show that an Android platform can be successfully developed before a silicon based development board is ready. Finally, the proposed platform also helps enhance quality of SW by saving more time for design and validation for SW developers.


T conference, co-sponsored by Innovative Materials Solutions and the Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) in cooperation with the Metal Injection Molding Association, was held at the Wyndham Harbor Island Hotel in Tampa, Florida, March 20-22, 2006. Co-organizers were Randall M. German of the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University and Robert G. Cornwell of Innovative Materials Solutions, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania. Powder Injection Molding (PIM) is a rapidly growing field with sales worldwide approaching $IB, with recent growth despite the worldwide economic downturn. The expectation is that growth will continue and, over the next five years, approaching a $2B industry by 2008. With this rapid growth, the industry has seen and will continue to see technological advances and numerous business models and challenges. The stated objective of the conference was to explore these advances and new developments in the field of PIM of metals and ceramics. Other material systems are also being developed for this growing technology, including cemented carbides, precious metals, intermetallics, magnetic alloys and composites. The subjects addressed covered the three major manufacturing steps of feedstock, molding and thermal processing (sintering).


It is shown in the present study that during the HTS (hot temperature storage) test, the metal contamination by impure elements can be highly susceptible to the void formation, leading to the open failure of the power line in the memory device. Such a functional failure associated with the metal contamination was investigated to be dominant in the early stages of the HTS test while the formation of a stress-driven void is mainly observed in the later stages. In particular, it was found that the void formed in the contaminated metal takes on a slit-like shape which has been known to be characteristic of the stress-related voiding. The impure elements leading to the metal degradation were identified to be carbon and oxygen introduced during the metal sputtering process. The experimental works show that the device reliability was significantly improved by reducing the level of such impure elements within metal. It is shown in the present study that during the HTS (hot temperature storage) test, the metal contamination by impure elements can be highly susceptible to the void formation, leading to the open failure of the power line in the memory device. Such a functional failure associated with the metal contamination was investigated to be dominant in the early stages of the HTS test while the formation of a stress-driven void is mainly observed in the later stages. In particular, it was found that the void formed in the contaminated metal takes on a slit-like shape which has been known to be characteristic of the stress-related voiding. The impure elements leading to the metal degradation were identified to be carbon and oxygen introduced during the metal sputtering process. The experimental works show that the device reliability was significantly improved by reducing the level of such impure elements within metal.


Traditional moral education is centered on ethical and political education,and focused too much on ideological function,thus leading to the limitation of the educated individuals.Consequently,moral education must return to what it is in education.As to the level of the methodology, contemporary education ethics pays attention to the individual and the social goodness in the theory and the practice,which is not only helpful to the comprehensive realization of the social harmony and education fair,but also may makes up the insufficiency and the disappointment of the education ethics.


The buffer in geological disposal system is one of the major elements to restrain the release of radionuclide and to protect the container from the inflow of groundwater. The buffer material requires long-term stability, low hydraulic conductivity, low organic content, high retardation of radionuclide, high swelling pressure, and high thermal conductivity. These requirements could be determined by the quantitative analysis results. In case of South Korea, the bentonites produced in Gyeongju area have been regarded as candidate buffer/backfill materials at KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) since 1997. According to the study on several physical and chemical characteristics of domestic bentonite in the same district, this is the Ca-type bentonite with about 65% of montmorillonite content. Through this study, we present the criteria for the performance evaluation items and methods when collecting new buffer/backfill materials.


Background : Hyperlipidemia is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, which can cause coronary heart disease and stroke. To prevent this from happening, it is essential to detect early the level of lipid profile in human blood which includes Total Cholesterol (C-Total), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and Triglycerides (TG). Furthermore, one of the ways to control the cholesterol levels is by applying self-efficacy. In this respect, self-efficacy assessment was carried out by using a questionnaire called the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) and the Cardiac Diet Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES). The purpose of this literature review is to describe the effectiveness of self-efficacy on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients. Method : The literature review was gained from Pubmed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and secondary literature search. Result : There were 37 articles identified and published from 2012-2018. Of the 37 articles, there were 7 articles that met the inclusion criteria. As a result, these seven articles show that the application of self-efficacy is able to improve the patients' self-confidence. Conclusion : The application of self-efficacy is able to help nurses increase the patients' self-confidence. In addition, self-efficacy assessment can be performed by using self-efficacy instruments in an effort to control the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic patients. Keywords: Self-efficacy, Lipid Profile, Hyperlipidemia


'Think of it as a Church of England sermon,' I advised. 'You start with a joke and you say "and finally..." about half way through.' A friend of mine had to give a presentation to some workmates, and came to me for advice. But after a few minutes I found my fingers were tingling and a ligature was tightening around my innards. I did not intend to jangle her frayed nerves, but I think in the haze that resulted from my rapid and shallow breathing I might have pleaded for a brown paper bag. And this was only at the mere thought of delivering a speech in front of a crowd of people. Fear of public speaking is a common phobia and one where the unpleasant physical effects - dry mouth, tachypnoea, palpitations - are self-perpetuating because the humiliation is so public.


The Quality Improvement Guidelines for Adult Diagnostic Neuroangiography published in this issue (page 146) is an extremely important document for three reasons. First, it is the result of the joint efforts of the three radiologic subspecialties whose members perform the overwhelming majority of


A two-level model of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to analyze the dependence of the amplifier gain saturation, saturated output power, and excess noise factor on pump and signal wavelengths. Measured data are presented confirming that the dependence of the gain, output saturation power, and noise of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers on the signal and pump wavelength can be described by simple equations derived from the model.<<ETX>>


During a disruption, plasma electromagnetic energy usually damages tokamak devices severely. Thus, this paper presents a five-part energy processing system (EPS) to dispose this energy. The five parts of the EPS are as follows: the metal oxide varistors employed to limit overvoltage and to absorb energy, the resistor module applied to consume energy, the pulse capacitor module used to store energy, the inverter module used for energy feedback, and the controller. These parts are described, and their key design features are introduced. The influence of different capacitances and resistances on the amount of energy transferred is investigated. The simulation results obtained by the Power Simulation program are given. The experimental and simulation results show that about 20%-30% of the total plasma electromagnetic energy can be transferred out of the tokamak device and effectively disposed by the EPS during the disruptions in the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak (J-TEXT) tokamak. Moreover, the loop voltage during a disruption can be inhibited and decreases about 40%.


Abstract Abstract. Female and male preferences for various features of the male's vibratory courtship signals are described for the wandering spider Cupiennius getazi (Ctenidae). Preferences were determined by replaying synthetic and natural, but altered, conspecific male signals to the spiders. Although the number of females responding varied between the different test situations, the number of responses per replayed signal were not significantly different. The latency of the first female response was not correlated with the number of females responding, that is, with the quality of the male's signal. Females responded on average around the third replayed signal. Thus females appeared to follow an all-or-none response rule. They were only broadly tuned to the average properties of the male's releaser (e.g. they tolerated large variations of amplitudes, durations and repetition rates). Moreover, they did not prefer high to low amplitudes, long to short signals, or frequently repeated to rarely displayed signals or syllables. It thus seems unlikely that they differentiated between conspecific males during the vibratory communication phase of courtship. In contrast, females exhibited clear preferences for syllables longer than 240 ms and consisting of two 'subsyllables'. These patterns are typical for conspecific signals, but atypical for heterospecific signals. This strongly suggests that female preferences serve species recognition. Theory predicts that when male investment is small relative to that of females, males will be less selective in responding to cues indicating the presence of a potential mate. In C. getazi, displaying males are such a cue for both sexes. In response to male vibrations, males had few preferences and were either as selective as females or less so (in two and five of the seven tested parameters, respectively).


Purpose – This paper seeks to examine employee reactions to human resource management (HRM) and performance. It placed employees on a centre stage in analysing HRM to provide theoretical insights.Design/methodology/approach – To explore the theme, a survey of 252 employees drawn from eight organisations was conducted. Furthermore, on‐site interviews were carried out with managers, thereby contributing to the generalisability of the findings.Findings – The findings from the study indicate a positive attitude of employees to HRM practices, such as promotion from within, staffing, equal employment opportunity, quality of training, reasonable compensation and paid vacation and sick days. Moreover, the evidence also shows that productivity has been increasing while employee turnover, absenteeism, and grievances are low. However, the evidence also reveals that training was not integrated in a planned way to employee career development.Research limitations/implications – The present study adds to a growing liter...


The article seeks to reflect on the different conceptions of the Family, both in their historical constitution and in their current cultural and social formation, with an emphasis on the legal and institutional guarantee of "family law" in the rule of law in Brazil. It analyzes the historical transformations of the Family and highlights its sociological, psychological and cultural importance, for the humanization and the formation of the dignity of each person. This is a bibliographic and historical study, with an institutional and conceptual rescue, followed by an interpretation of the interrelationships between Families and Schools, put forward to promote the school and cultural success of children and adolescents. It points to Education as an important field of articulation between family spheres and society, emphasizing the importance of studies that link the issue of the Family as an inalienable Human Right.


A method of handling form-like documents is discussed. Documents which are protected from unauthorised access by encrypted checksums can be freely passed around a distributed, heterogeneous computer system. Multiple servers support multiple document types. A document may have several versions permitting parallel processing with optimistic concurrency control. Access control lists were found to be more suitable than capability-based schemes. Access control lists stored within the document (and protected by the checksum) were found to be useful in not requiring all servers to have information on all current instances of a document type and in permitting different document versions to have different ACLs. This allowed closer adherence to the principle of least privilege. Copyable access rights are supported to permit the flexible sharing thought most suitable for the application. The ability to audit the processing of a document was found to effect the choice of access control mechanism.


stimuli leading to especially faster reaction times for Word Comprehension in Reading is Fast and Furious Cyrus Shaoul, Jacolien van Rij, Harald Baayen, Petar Milin RSVP experiments (Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, e.g. Rubin and Turano, 1992) suggest that readers can comprehend texts presented at 1171 words/min (or 51ms/word), and recent commercial technologies have popularized this style of reading (e.g. Spritz Technology Inc., 2014). However, the dominant view in the morphological processing literature is that reading a complex word is a two-step process, with an early, obligatory and meaning-blind morphemic decomposition (Rastle and Davis, 2008). Some EEG researchers have concluded that semantic interpretation begins at approximately 300-500 ms post stimulus onset (but see Segalowitz and Zheng, 2009). To investigate how early in lexical processing readers can access semantic information associated with the word, we performed two experiments using an RSVP paradigm. Study 1: Participants (n = 19) performed a masked lexical decision task with varying presentation durations (8, 17, 25, 33, 42, 50, 58, 67 ms). Stimulus words were chosen randomly from an exhaustive list of German monoand multi-morphemic words. We used both (a) noise masks, similar to commonly used maskcharacter; and (b) masks made of random consonants strings. Our analyses showed that random consonant masks interfered with lexical processing: accuracy only rose above chance at exposition times greater than 60 ms, whereas standard noise masks already yielded above chance words recognition at exposition times of just 33 ms. Interestingly, our analyses also revealed significant effects of co-occurrence neighborhood density and of corpus frequency in predicting RTs of successfully recognized words: words that had denser semantic neighborhoods were recognized faster, as were words that had higher corpus frequency. Our analyses suggest that semantic effects are present very early in lexical access. Study 2: We tested recognition of words embedded in sentences using a picture/sentence-verification task. Participants (n = 60) were asked to judge whether a word illustrated in a picture was contained in the sentence, which was presented wordby-word in a central location on the screen, at 33 ms per word. The picture either preceded or followed the sentence (withinsubject blocked design). We created 4 variants of each item, manipulating the position of the word (by adding an adverbial phrase), and the congruency with the picture. We included a lexical decision task similar to Study.1 as a pre-test, using only random consonant masks to make the pre-test comparable to RSVP reading. Our analyses show that linguistic and visual context reduce the time it takes to recognize a word: Participants scored far above chance when recognizing words in the picture/sentence verification task with only a 33 ms exposition duration, but they needed double the time (more than 60 ms) for recognizing words without context in the masked LD pre-test. Accuracy was high when the picture preceded the sentence and was lower but still above chance when the picture preceded the sentence, indicating that the context effect is not solely due to a picture priming effect, but rather that the semantic information was being processed. We conclude that lexical processing is "fast and furious", in that orthographic input triggers immediate semantic interpretation. Moreover, we found that sentential context (which is generally present during natural reading) enhances lexical semantic access during rapid presentation. If semantic access would take place only after 300ms, the backlog created during rapid reading should make fluid comprehension impossible, contrary to fact. On the other hand our results fit well with form-andmeaning and amorphous processing accounts (e.g. Feldman et al., 2012; Baayen et al., 2011). spatial judgments. The results support using depth of processing to explain linguistic and embodied accounts of how we obtain meaning from words.


The local rigidity theorem of WeiI [28] and Garland [12] for complete, finite volume hyperbolic manifolds states that there is no non-trivial deformation of such a structure through complete hyperbolic structures if the manifold has dimension at least 3. If the manifold is closed, the condition that the structures be complete is automatically satisfied. However, if the manifold is non-compact, there may be deformations through incomplete structures. This cannot happen in dimensions greater than 3 (Garland-Raghunathan [13]); but there are always non-trivial deformations in dimension 3 (Thurston [24]) in the non-compact case. In this paper, we extend this rigidity and deformation theory to a class of finite volume, orientable 3-dimensional hyperbolic cone-manifolds, i.e., hyperbolic structures on 3-manifolds with cone-like singularities along a knot or link. Our main result is that such structures are locally rigid if the cone angles are fixed, under the extra hypothesis that all cone angles are at most 21r. We can view the singular structure as an incomplete, smooth structure on the complement of the singular locus whose metric completion is the singular cone structure. The space of deformations of structures on this open manifold has non-zero dimension, so there will be deformations without the condition that the cone angles remain fixed. We show that, it is possible to defQrm the structure so that the metric completionJs still a cone-manifold, and that one


Objective To investigate the mental health level and coping style of nurses. Methods Access the psyche status through the Symptom Checklist, Coping Style Questionnaire, SAS and SDS of 176 nurses and 90 volunteers. Results In the group of nurses when facing stress, the method of self-blame and imaginationare more frequently is adopted while solving problem method is less frequently adopted. Different coping style is significantly associated with different moods. Conclusion The main coping style of nurses is self-blame and imagination; Immature coping style impair mental health. The health-quality education of nurses should be strengthened to raise the health status.


Grinding is finishing process aimed at achieving su rface quality and dimensional accuracy in workpieces with tight tolerances especially from ma teri ls with a high degree of hardness and strength. The grinding process of superalloys is fa ced with problems and challenges caused by the generation of excessiveheatas well as the adhesion of workpiecematerialon the grinding tool. Therefore, in-depth research is still under way to introduce and develop new techniques for optimization of output parameters in the grinding o f superalloys. One of such techniques is to apply minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) using nanofluids . In this research, we study the effect of using a ty pe of mixed nanofluid comprising multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nano-aluminum oxide (Al 2O3) on the surface quality in the grinding process of Inconel 600.For this purpose, the input parameters of the process are first determined. Following that, the design of experiments were perf ormed based on full factorial method and the, grinding experiments were conducted accordingly to s udy the effect of various parameters including the nanoparticles size , volume concentra tion, and mixing ratio on surface quality of the workpiece. Based on the results obtained from this study, whil e using the vegetable oil for MQL with nanofluids, the highest surface quality with Ra=0.1 5μm is achieved by applying a nanofluid with a mixing ratio of 75% -25% for Al2O3 -MWCNT nanoparti cles, volume concentration of 0.6%, and with size of 20 nm and 15 nm for Al 2O3and MWCNT nanoparticles, respectively.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest ways of improving the quality of Nigerian journals so that they would have global visibility and impact.Design/methodology/approach – This is a literature‐based opinion paper which examines the implication of evaluating Nigerian academics using journal impact factors, despite its limitations, particularly to African scholars.Findings – Revelations from available literature point to the fact that the use of journal impact factors is not an objective method of research evaluation, particularly in developing country like Nigeria. However, evaluation of research outputs remains critical in the overall socio‐economic, scientific and technological growth of any society. The creation of institutional repositories that are compliant with open archives initiatives by the relevant institutions in Nigeria would to a very large extent address the problem of visibility of research outputs coming from the country.Practical implications – African scholars are disadvantag...


Urban development, as comprehensive concept, involves a wide set of components, and it would imply a reasonably well balanced growth of differents urban functions and activities. The strong spatial competition between firms and localities in metropolitan areas yields unequal spatial impacts on the growth of retail activities. An usual scenery in western suburban areas is the presence of great retail facilities dominating the surrounding market. This situation negatively affects to little and lower-medium settlements that, in this way, play a dominated role, seen as undesirable by local agents and provoking emergent policies. Grounded on this basis this paper tackles the case of a lower medium new town located near Madrid (Tres Cantos), where the local government and retail organisations have reacted against its dominated role and have promoted a set of measures to overcome the problems detected, mainly the local consumer leakeage, the limited success or failure of new retail firms and, in a wider sense, the underdevelopment of the local retail sector. The study describes the main findings of a wider report conducted to evaluate the implemented measures, its effectiveness and the local market agents' valuation. This experience also illustrates the problems of objective setting and policy implementation, when the public and the private sector participate in a joint decision. Keywords: new town development, retail system, urban retail policy Suitable for Conference Themes: D (Metropolitan processes and policies) or parhaps, H (Services, small enterprises ....)


DIAN NINGRAT PUTERI. 2009. 8223097595. ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS TIN PRODUCT IN MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES. Study Program of DIII Marketing of Management. Department of Management. Faculty of Economic. State University of Jakarta.
This scientific research aims to describe about distribution channels tin product in Ministry of ESDM and analyzing distribution channels tin product. The method used in scientific work is a descriptive analysis of the data collection method through literature study method and field study interview and observation. Ministry of ESDM is the Government of Indonesia that be expert for the mining and energy. This Ministry is headed by Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, who has since October 19, 2011 held by Jero Wacik. In the future leadership, Ministry of ESDM has a experience significant for the development. For the research, we can see that tin product from Indonesia, it can affect the world prices. Particularly, Bangka Belitung island is the main for producing tin. The amount of tin content in this area is the largest than another regions in Indonesia. Beside that, the tin product mining process has a several stages. And while, the distribution is carried out through the port in Singapore for export, if domestic implemented directly and though a warehouse in Jakarta. Tin buyer has several type and it can make the group on the direct users (end user) as a factory or industrial solder and tin plate industry and wholesalers (traders).
From the observation result by author, Ministry of ESDM has an own policy in the management of distribution channels tin product. It is according to UU NO.4 Tahun 2009. And Ministry of ESDM has a sub marketing and supervision, it must supervise for the distribution channels and marketing mineral resources.


Ship-diesel engine is power equipment of whole ship.Once fault occurrs,the security of ship will be threatened.Therefore,it is important for ship to sail properly how to find the cause of fault rapidly and remove the fault efficiently.According to the complexity and fuzziness of a variety of ship-diesel engine malfunctions and the advantage of FNN in solving nonlinear comlex problems,a kind of FNN-based intelligent fault diagnosis expert system is put forward in this paper.This system has simple interface,and it has the characteristic of fast inference speed and strong fault-torlerance ability by combining the advantages of the fuzzy logic theory,neural networks and expert system.Simulation result showes that the system has convenience for operation and high accuracy for fault diagnosis,it will have a bright future for further application.


Cymbidium quinquelobum, a new orchid from Yunnan, is described and illustrated. It is akin to Cymbidium wenshanense Y. S. Wu et F. Y. Liu, from which it differs by having a 5-lobed lip that is fused at base to the basal margins of the column forming a tube 8-10mm long.


Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease which has a wide spectrum of liver-related histological damage and becoming a global epidemic. Predisposing factors for NAFLD and related complications include insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, intervention with anti-diabetic medications may prevent and delay the development of NAFLD or have a therapeutic application. The focus of this study is to evaluate the evidence supporting the efficacy of anti-diabetic medications and silymarin in the treatment of NAFLD. Methods: 48 male albino rats divided in to 4 groups: Group I received standard diet, Group II received a high fat diet (HFD), Group III treated with empagliflozin (10 mg/ kg/ day) and Group IV treated with silymarin (100 mg/ kg/ day). After 5 weeks rats were scarified and serum (ALT, AST, TG, cholesterol, random blood glucose and insulin level), hepatic (MDA, GSH, TG and TGF-β) and body weight were measured. Histopathological examination was done. Results: empagliflozin, and silymarin had good results in ameliorating NAFLD as regard anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-fibrotic effects and decreasing hepatic lipid content. Clinically such findings may suggest that, these drugs could be used in treatment of NAFLD patients especially those have type 2 DM and liver fibrosis. [Rashad Abd El-Nabi Atlam, Hammouda Hassan Sharaf and Amin Yehia Awad. Study of the effects of some oral Anti-diabetic drugs and Silymarin on Experimentally Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):107-123]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.10.


In November 1999 the system architecture was completed in Japan. Paralleling this was the completion of the DD, MS and PT drafts, the 3 elements for Japan's road communication standards, in March 2000. ITS systems introduced until the present by Japan's road administrators have been standalone systems. However, it will be necessary in future to utilize information in common and to promote integrated and efficient infrastructures. System architectures and road communication standards will become the platform for this, and they will need to be utilized in the construction of new systems. On the other hand, effective use of existing systems must also not be forgotten. Therefore, it will be necessary to consider migration. In this paper, the matters that need to be considered in studying migration methods are established, and then, based on this, an evaluation of 11 representative migration patterns is conducted and the results of a case study conducted based on the case of variable message signs is reported. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.


Biodegradable hydrophilic polymers poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and polyethylene oxide-co-lactic acid (PELA) were used to encapsulate a small hydrophilic prodrug (PROLI/NO) as a strategy to deliver nitric oxide (NO) by inhalation. The microparticles were prepared using double emulsion and solvent evaporation, followed by freeze-drying. The NO release kinetics were characterized by three parameters: the maximum concentration of NO per unit weight of microparticles, Cmax (nM mg−1); the window of time for which the concentration exceeded 50% of Cmax, W50 (min); and the initial rate of release, Ri (nM mg−1 min−1). PLGA-based microparticles did not encapsulate PROLI/NO. PELA-based microparticles demonstrated an entrapment efficiency rate of 43%, a mass median diameter of 2.3 µm, and NO release in a physiological buffer characterized by Cmax = 123, W50 = 4.11, and Ri = 78.7. Addition of gelatin as a hydrophilic binding moiety in the first emulsion allowed PLGA-based microparticles to encapsulate PROLI/NO; however, the mass median diameter was too large for inhalation (23.5 µm). It is concluded that the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol-moiety in PELA allows for efficient encapsulation of PROLI/NO, and PELA-based microparticles might be a strategy to generate a stable inhalable form of NO.


We study the distribution ofzeroes ofthe Jones polynomial VK (t) for a knot K. We have computed numerically the roots ofthe Jones polynomial f all prime knots with N 6 10 crossings, and found the zeroes scattered about the unit circle |t| = 1 with the average distance to the circle approaching a nonzero value as N increases. For torus knots ofthe type ( m; n) we show that all zeroes lie on the unit circle with a uniform density in the limit of either m or n →∞ , a fact con2rmed by our numerical 2ndings. We have also elucidated the relation connecting the Jones polynomial with the Potts model, and used this relation to derive the Jones polynomial for a repeating chain knot with 3n crossings for general n. It is found that zeroes of its Jones polynomial lie on three closed curves centered about the points 1; i and −i. In addition, there are two isolated zeroes located one each near the points t± =e ±2� i=3 at a distance ofthe order of3 −(n+2)=2 . Closed-form expressions are deduced for the closed curves in the limit of n →∞ .


The organic layer C is bound to 6 or more linear is formed on the corrosion-resistant metal. The method as a method of (1) both ends is reacted with a silane coupling agent of alkoxy groups to the metal, is reacted with an organic substance and a metal having a OH group, group capable of adsorbing to the metal on the opposite ends (2) one end method, (3) one terminal OH groups, a method of reacting a metal compound having a COO group capable of adsorbing to the metal on the opposite end, (4) one terminal alkoxy group, group capable of adsorbing to the metal to the inverted terminal a method of reacting a metal silane coupling agent having a. As to form a fluorine-containing silane coupling layer on. The number of carbon atoms of straight-chain 6 or more to form a silane coupling layer of fluorine-containing on the intermediate layer made of organic material (continuous or discontinuous), to prevent corrosion of the metal.


The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-based cathodic protection (CP) systems is an innovative approach that can lead to improve pipeline protection from corrosion. Using a printed circuit board (PCB) to measure and control current and voltage makes it possible to monitor PC systems in real time. The web interface that is connected to the PCB circuit through IoT technology provides a platform for instant evaluation of the data obtained, thereby enabling early detection of potential problems. One of the key benefits of real-time monitoring is improved data management and security. The data obtained can be stored on a cloud server, making it easier to access and analyze. This eliminates the need for manual inspections, which can be time-consuming and error-prone. Additionally, real-time monitoring can reduce downtime, as problems can be detected and resolved quickly, preventing the need for lengthy manual inspections and maintenance. This innovative approach has tremendous potential for the future of pipeline protection and corrosion control. The developed PCB circuit features a mobile UART that provides program protection, and the interface can control multiple PCB cards and relays independently. The monitoring system can be updated without interrupting data acquisition. The use of open-source software, database hosting, and low-cost PCB development facilitates commercialization. This study could inspire new applications in asset management and monitoring.


The Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS) computer program was used to study the influence of the p/i interface layer an stabilized (p)a-SiC:H/(i) a-Si:H/(n) /spl mu/c-Si heterojunction solar cell performance. The band gap, defect density, and doping variations in the p/i interface and their effects on the light J-V characteristic were examined. The greatest performance benefit could result from control of the recombination (mobility) gap of the interface region. Cells with interface layers with a recombination gap that is close to that of the p-doped layer have the best fill factors and Voc. We suggest that in designing high quality buffer layers the emphasis be placed on increasing the recombination band gap of the interface at the expense of concerns about interface defect density. Hydrogenated interface layers or microcrystalline SiC:H layers can provide increased band gap at the p-i heterojunction. Further, it may be possible to produce high quality cells in single chamber systems. Preliminary studies to determine the influence of interface layers on stability were initiated.


Much recent research has been focused upon the important role of artisans and skilled workers in labour movements in nineteenth-century Europe. In addition, growing interest in the problems of the petite bourgeoisie has drawn attention to the activities of handicraft masters. Economic historians, especially in Germany, have stressed the ability of craft production to survive and contribute to economic growth during industrialisation, thus contradicting many contemporary pessimistic hypotheses. Research has been concerned primarily with major European nations; what happened in the metropolitan cities is much better known than developments in smaller towns or in the countryside. But geographical differences within Europe must have been important. Economic change was uneven and political conditions differed widely. In much of central and northern Europe, guilds continued to regulate crafts well into the nineteenth century, and most towns remained modest in size. The purpose of this paper is to present some evidence from just such a community: the craft system and the social relations of artisans in the town of Malmo in southern Sweden during the first half of the nineteenth century will be analysed. During the early nineteenth century Sweden underwent both an agrarian transformation and rapid population growth. Large estates played only a minor role. Family farming was dominant, and after enclosure reforms Sweden was able not only to feed a growing population but also to become a net exporter of foodstuffs. Agrarian change was associated with a rapid growth of a rural proletariat, consisting of people owning either no land or small amounts insufficient to support a family. A rural proletariat


This talk describes an approach to using mass spectrometry to analyze biochips—including enzyme-mediated reaction of immobilized biomolecules and protein-protein interactions. The method is based on self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold that present proteins and small molecules with control over the densities, patterns, and orientations of these species. Of particular interest is the development of fusion protein capture strategies that give selective and covalent immobilization of proteins. In one example, the serine esterase cutinase reacts with phosphonate capture ligands to give an active-site covalent adduct. Application of a cutinase fusion protein with a monolayer presenting the capture ligand results in immobilization of the display protein, with strict control over both the orientation and the density of this reagent. The chips are compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and therefore do not require fluorescent or radioisotopic labels for analysis. This technique, termed SAMDI MS, can efficiently monitor a broad class of enzyme activities, including kinase, protease, methyltransferase, and carbohydrate-directed modifications, and can detect proteins having molecular weights up to 100 kDa. The talk will describe examples in assays of endogeneous cellular activities and protein-protein interaction mapping.


The article presents a study to assess the impact of the introduction of heavy-weight traffic on the main forces of interaction arising in the «wheel-rail» contact zone while a freight train is in motion along curved sections of the railway track. Mixed traffic is used on domestic railways, but there are no dedicated specialized lines for the operation of high-speed passenger and freight traffic with increased axle load. In this case, the possibility of the track infrastructure becomes decisive. Improving the operational efficiency, first of all, of track facilities, is impossible without scientifically based methods. The qualitative operation of a track depends on the forces arising from the interaction of the wheel-rail pair. This paper presents a study of the force interaction of the contact zone with an increase in the axle load on one of the sections of the Sverdlovsk railway. Horizontal transverse lateral and longitudinal forces are considered by means of simulation modeling. Since the introduction of heavy-weight traffic is caused by the change in the traction characteristics of a train, the article presents the results of work on the study of influence of the train driving mode on the forces under consideration.


Computational methods are getting increasingly important for the analysis of large data sets in molecular biology. The data sets analyzed in this thesis are derived from experiments measuring the changes of expression levels in response to the transcription factor CREM (cAMP Responsive Element Modulator) during mouse spermatogenesis. In the course of this analysis new computational methods were developed and used that will also be of value in other projects in Bioinformatics. CREM belongs to a family of cAMP-responsive nuclear factors. The activator splice-isoform CREM is exclusively expressed at high levels in post-meiotic germ cells during mouse spermiogenesis. Mutant male mice lacking CREM expression are sterile due to lack of maturation of the germ cells. In order to find CREM target genes the mRNA expression levels in testes of CREM-deficient mice and wild-type mice were compared using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique as well as oligonucleotide DNA microarrays. SSH was used to selectively amplify the differentially expressed genes. 12,000 clones, which contain sequence fragments of genes expressed stronger in wild-type as in the CREM (-/-) mutant, were analyzed by a combination of sequencing and hybridization. Sequence analysis methods were used to characterize 956 unique sequences. Homologies to 158 known mouse genes and 99 known genes from other organisms were detected. 296 sequences show homologies to sequences of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). 199 novel sequences have been found. The sequences not corresponding to full length genes of known function were characterized using publicly available EST data. To make EST databases useful for data analysis all of the publicly available ESTs have been grouped into clusters and methods to analyze and visualize EST data were developed. Nylon cDNA microarrays containing the unique sequences from the CREM SSH library were constructed to determine expression levels of those sequences. Most of the sequences from the CREM SSH library are shown to be expressed in wild-type but are down-regulated in CREM deficient mice. Statistical methods to standardize microarray expression data were developed and software was implemented to perform comparisons. Further CREM dependent genes were detected comparing the mRNA expression levels in testes of CREM deficient mice and wild-type mice using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays containing 10,000 mouse sequences. Comparison of the different techniques (SSH, nylon cDNA arrays and Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays) shows that the results are complementing each other. The unique sequences from the CREM SSH library were further analyzed by determining the spermatogenic stage specific expression profiles. cDNA from prepubertal mice at certain stages of spermatogenesis were hybridized on nylon cDNA arrays. Several important functional groups of genes like transcription factors, signal transduction proteins and metabolic enzymes are shown to be coexpressed at the latest stages of spermatogenesis. Expression profiles were arranged to find similar profile shapes and co-regulation of functionally related genes. An algorithm to arrange the profiles in an optimal linear order was developed. The linear order is constructed in a way that similar expression profiles end up close together in the linear order, i.e. the sum over all distances of neighboring profiles is minimized. This corresponds to the solution of a traveling salesman problem (TSP), which is well known in computer science. A fast algorithm that computes a heuristic solution to a TSP was adapted to be used in expression profile analysis.


A case is presented of a 73‐year‐old man with drug resistant ventricular tachycardia that originated from the right ventricular outflow tract. A right ventriculogram showed a diverticulum in the interventricular septum at the right ventricular outflow tract. Low energy radiofrequency catheter ablation within the diverticulum was performed successfully and safely.


Fundamental social, political and economic changes that have taken hold in the Federal Republic since 1990 have undermined the idea of a single master narrative setting the course for unification. This special issue links processes of national transformation to a wide array of domestic, supranational and global developments, highlighting the long-term impact of unification on policy domains often neglected during earlier stages of analysis. At issue are the dynamics reshaping the political party system, migration and asylum reforms, the reconfiguration of gender roles, along with new responsibilities and constraints affecting German foreign and security policy. We outline the four key questions addressed by each contributor regarding: 1) the causes, effects and the direction of change in each sector; 2) the balance between internal and external, as well as between direct and indirect forces for change; 3) questions of timing and sequence; and 4) the somewhat surprising impact of eastern practices in reconfiguring long-established structures and norms rooted in the western states.


We study the Cucker-Smale (C-S) flocking systems involving both singularity and noise. We first show the local strong well-posedness for the stochastic singular C-S systems in a general setting, in which the communication weight $\psi$ is merely locally Lipschitz on $(0,\infty)$ and has lower bound (could be negative). Then, for the special case that the singularity at origin is of higher order (i.e. $\alpha\ge1$), we establish the global well-posedness by showing the collision-avoidance in finite time, provided the initial distribution has finite moment. Finally, we will study the large time behavior of the solution when $\psi$ is of zero lower bound, and provide the emergence of conditional flocking and unconditional flocking respectively in stochastic sense.