"Berrong's systematic refutation of Bakhtin's Rabelais and His World is welcome. Its timing and relevance are perfect. What he says had to be said. It cleans the atmosphere, eliminates wrong ideas, puts Rabelais in a proper perspective, and addresses questions of grat importance for our understanding not only of Rabelais, but of sixteenth-century literature as well." - Gerard Defaux, Johns Hopkins University. In "Rabelais and Bakhtin", Richard M. Berrong demonstrates both the historical and textual weaknesses of the argument advanced by Mikhail Bakhtin and his influential study "Rabelais and His World". The publication of Bakhtin's book in the West in the late 1960s brought both Rabelais and Bakhtin to the attention of students interested in the "New Criticism" in literature. Bakhtin agrued that the key to Rabelais's narratives was to be found in their language of popular culture, which was intended to free his readers from the ideological "prison house" of official, establishment discourse; to provide them with a nonofficial perspective from which to view-and combat-the establishment and its institutions. Since the publication of Bakhtin's study, scholars such as Peter Burke, Natalie Zemon Davis, and Carlo Ginzburg have shown that the relationship of the upper classes to popular culture changed in the first half of the sixteenth century. Previously these classes had participated fully in the culture of the people (while adhering to their own), but at that time they undertook to exclude popular culture from their lives and from their world. In his refutation of Bakhtin's thesis, Berrong demonstrates the complex and shifting role of popular culture in Rabelais's narratives. His conclusions should interest not only readers of Gargantua and Pantagruel but all students of the sixteenth century, since the use and exclusion of popular culture is an issue in the study of many of the writers, artists, and composers of the period. Richard M. Berrong is an assistant professor of French at Kent State University. He is the author of "Every Man for Himself: Social Order and Its Dissolution in Rabelais" (1985).


Because of their complex behaviour, simple mathematical and digital hardware representation, one-dimensional (1D) chaotic functions were the earliest choices of cryptologists for applying chaos theory to cryptography. It was discovered later that most of these functions suffer from orbits collapsing into a specific period, especially under finite precision realization and weakness because of their limited number of control parameter(s). This in turn exposed many security issues and was proven to be vulnerable to various types of attacks. This paper addresses the issue of limited number of control parameters by introducing a 1D chaotic function with five control parameters (in addition to the initial condition). Analysis of the function implies its chaotic properties in addition to its ability to generate a cryptographically secured random stream of numbers. To further elaborate on its robustness, a new image encryption algorithm incorporating the function as its random number generator is presented. Various analyses of the new scheme confirm it to be secure with good confusion-diffusion properties.


ABSTRACT Research for agricultural development is often conducted by research teams from developing and developed countries. Blending cultures and contexts in teams influences communication effectiveness, intercultural relations and research outcomes. This study investigated these issues for agricultural research teams operating in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), using qualitatively analysed interviews with Australian and Lao researchers applying grounded theory. While mutual trust and respect were salient barriers for Australian researchers, language and cultural differences were most important for Lao researchers, particularly in complex communications. This research establishes a holistic understanding of communication barriers (and relationships between them) within groups experiencing wide disparity.


Significance To widen the design space for advanced batteries, developing new electrochemical conversion reactions is challenging yet critical. Primary Li batteries have the highest energy densities among all battery technologies, owing to the successful exploitation of light-weight, non-transition-metal redox centers, and thus represent exemplary systems for maximizing energy storage in chemical bonds. Here, we report a novel class of fluoro-organosulfur catholyte that allows up to 8-e− transfer per molecule and boosts the energy of the leading Li primary battery chemistry (Li−CFx) by 20% based on electrode + electrolyte weight. More broadly, we illuminate an unpreceded electrochemical mechanism exploiting full defluorination of S–F bonds, opening new strategies to tailor S-based redox systems of broader relevance to the battery field.


Purpose: To report a case of migraine attacks with aura that occurred after percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) with the Amplatzer septal occluder device. Case summary: A 58-year-old female presented with glare and scintillation that lasted 3 days. She had a history of percutaneous ASD intervention 3 weeks prior. Because ophthalmologic examination revealed nothing remarkable, the patient underwent observation. However, two months later, she revisited our department, presenting with aggravated glare, scintillation, and severe photophobia. Also, she presented with scintillation followed by a headache starting from the right temporal area extending to the occipital area. The patient was diagnosed with migraine with aura, which was newly developed after percutaneous ASD closure. After switching medication from acetylsalicylic acid to clopidogrel, the frequency and intensity of the headaches were reduced. No recurrence of ophthalmic symptoms or headache was observed during the 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: Percutaneous closure of ASD can be complicated by the appearance of migraine attacks with aura. When patients present with glare and scintillation, ophthalmologists must consider the possibility of migraine with aura and migraine induced by secondary causes. Thus, detailed history taking should be taken in order to make an early diagnosis of migraine. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(11):1817-1820


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption not only in the global health and economic sectors, but also in the field of journalism. As media has played and continues to play a pivotal role in disseminating information during the pandemic crisis, it is critical to examine how media influences the behaviour of their target audience. Subsequently, this study aimed to examine the relationship between media attention, dependency, self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviours amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 905 participants from China responded to the survey questionnaire, the data from which was analysed via SPSS-AMOS v.23. The results indicated a significant correlation between media attention and self-efficacy. Likewise, media dependency is correlated with self-efficacy. Media attention, dependency, and self-efficacy demonstrated significant effects on prosocial attitudes and behaviours. Subsequently, this study showed that self-efficacy mediates the effects of media attention and dependency on prosocial behaviour. At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings of this study could serve as a guide to media practitioners in shaping the behaviour of their audience through meaningful and responsible information dissemination.


This article is the second in a three-part series that provides data from interviews of 162 adult subjects aged 60 and older who stopped driving due to a visual impairment. Part Two describes the availability and use of different forms of transportation, ways subjects access transportation to carry out daily activities, subjects' experiences with drivers, and how nondriving has affected subjects on a personal level. Of special interest is how emotions change over time.


This article deals with the wave particle duality of light and the procedure of formation and development of De Broglie wave. It delineates the thought model from "either this or that" to "both this and that" in the development of physics-the application and feature of "double-faced God".


Mr. Fred. Tepper has just sent me for examination a very interesting pair of insects taken on the sea shore of Long Island, which approach so nearly the type of O. chandleriin my colle ction from the mountains of Colorado, that I cannot separate them specilically, although there are certain differences, v'hich I give below. The capture is the more valuable since the species of Oncocnemis, so far as known, inhabit only the mountains of Europe, Siberia, Colorado and California.


A REVIEW OF SOME OF THE RECENT LITERATURE By Dr. Scupham It has become noticeable, particularly in the last year, that interest in disorders of the blood vessels of the extremities is no longer confined to special groups working in large centers of population. The great number of papers appearing on this subject from all parts of this country and of the world are evidence of the widespread interest and appreciation of the importance of a subject which only in the last few years has become generally recognized. Many of these papers are case reports or short articles on diagnosis and treatment and consist of brief summaries of generally accepted methods. The painstaking and careful work of many years on the physiology both normal and abnormal of the blood vessels by Sir Thomas Lewis 1 has been embodied in practical form in a small volume entitled "Vascular Disorders of the


Closing-loop operations in distribution networks are regular operations that realize load transfer and operation adjustment without interrupting power supply. They improve power supply reliability, but they may also cause large loop current. In distribution networks with distributed generation and no-load transformers, loop current impacts induced by closing-loop operations may be more serious. So a method for calculating the closing-loop current of distribution network based on phasor measurement unit (PMU) that considers the effects of sympathetic inrush current and distributed generation (DG) is proposed. Firstly, obtain the loop circuit topology according to the depth-first search algorithm for directed graphs. Then consider the shunting effects of the branches, sympathetic inrush current generated by parallel no-load transformers and the transient characteristics of the distributed generation, and perform equivalent processing on the loop circuit. Finally, according to the equivalent circuit impedance parameters and the electrical quantity measured by PMU, calculate loop current. The closing-loop operation of the distribution network of Shanghai Lingang District is taken as a case to study. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is relatively accurate and practical.


Adler and van Moerbeke (2001 Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 54 153–205) described a reduction of the 2D-Toda hierarchy called the Toeplitz lattice. This hierarchy turns out to be equivalent to the one originally described by Ablowitz and Ladik (1975 J. Math. Phys. 16 598–603) using semidiscrete zero- curvature equations. In this paper, we obtain the original semidiscrete zero-curvature equations starting directly from the Toeplitz lattice and we generalize these computations to the matrix case. This generalization leads us to the semidiscrete zero-curvature equations for the non-Abelian (or multicomponent) version of the Ablowitz–Ladik equations (Gerdzhikov and Ivanov 1982 Theor. Math. Phys. 52 676–85). In this way, we extend the link between biorthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy to the matrix case.


The rich modern life caused hair loss in many people, and they began to take care of hair loss, worrying about their appearance that changed due to hair loss. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of appearance awareness formed by hair loss on hair loss management behavior through psychological factors. For the study, a survey was conducted focusing on residents in the Seoul metropolitan area who have experienced hair loss or are experiencing hair loss. A survey was conducted from May 15, 2023 to June 30, 2023, and 296 copies were used for statistical analysis. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and mediated regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that appearance awareness by hair loss had a positive (+) effect on hair loss management behavior in self-awareness, but a negative (-) influence relationship appeared in appearance management intention. It was confirmed that appearance awareness had a positive (+) effect on psychological factors and psychological factors on hair loss management behavior. As a result of research on the mediating role of psychological factors in the relationship between appearance awareness and hair loss management behavior, it was found that self-awareness, a sub-factor of appearance awareness, was completely mediated for basic care and partially mediated for active care. Appearance management intention was dismissed because it did not show an influence relationship between basic care and active care. Based on the results of this study, more diverse studies are expected to be conducted, and if consumers' psychological discomfort and pain are understood in depth during hair loss management and treatment at the management and treatment site, the best synergy effect can be achieved.


A 10-member delegation of the Panamanian Association of Friendship with China (PAFC)with its president and former Panamanian foreign minister Mr.Oyden Ortega Duran as its leader paid a friendly visit to Beijing,Xi'an and Shanghai from September 18 to 27, 2003 at the invitation of the CPAFFC. Cheng Siwei, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and president of the China-Latin America Friendship Association(CLAFA), Li Jinzhang, assistant foreign minister, Cui Lintao, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Congress, Xie Lijuan,vice chairperson of the Shanghai Municipal People's Political Consultative Conference, met with the delegation and hosted banquets in its honour respectively.


The growth of the GaN needles by high pressure solution method is shown in details and compared to the platelets crystallization. The growth mechanism and main factors determining the crystal habit (needle and platelet) in high pressure solution method are presented and discussed. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


ABSTRACT The Wang–Landau Monte Carlo method [Wang FG, Landau DP. Efficient, multiple-range random walk algorithm to calculate the density of states. Phys Rev Lett. 2001;86:2050-2053; Determining the density of states for classical statistical models: a random walk algorithm to produce a flat histogram. Phys Rev E. 2001;64:056101] has been established as an effective computational approach for studying complex systems. In this paper, we review the properties of 6 popular empirical water potentials, including a recently proposed explicit 3-body potential, obtained by applying the Wang–Landau method to the simulation of water clusters. Comparing to numerous classical and first principle calculations, we show that several classical water models can provide a consistent description of the structural and thermodynamical properties of water clusters partially in agreement of ab initio results, although they were designed to reproduce macroscopic properties of water at ambient conditions.


1. CURRENCY DEVALUATION AND TRADE PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF JAMAICA Albert Duncan, Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC), New York, NY, USA ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of Jamaica's exchange rate policy on its trade performance. Beginning in the 1970s, Jamaica has used currency devaluation as a macroeconomic tool to improve the country's trade balance. It was a policy strongly advocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Using time series data on macroeconomic variables that were affected by the exchange rate changes, this study argues that for many small developing economies like Jamaica, there are some inherent economic problems that will make it difficult for currency devaluation to have a positive impact on the trade performance of such country.


Kidney transplantation from a living donor is the best method of treatment of end-stage renal disease. The cost of treatment is lower than that of long-term dialysis. It allows for avoiding dialysis in patients referred for pre-emptive transplantation. It does not pose a threat to donor's health, as documented by the long-term study results. In order to be qualified, the donor must be in full health. Kidney disease, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders as well as viral infections must be excluded on the basis of clinical investigations, including laboratory testing and imaging studies. A 59-year-old patient was admitted in order to be qualified for transplantation as a living kidney donor for his son. Significant abnormalities included the presence of hypertension resistant to treatment. Computed tomography revealed left renal artery stenosis, which was considered the etiology of resistant hypertension. During the left-side nephroureterectomy, after visualization of the left renal artery, a tightly adhering atherosclerotic plaque penetrating into the aorta was identified. Follow-up after three months, eight months and three years showed reduction in blood pressure and no need for hypertensive medication. Apart from persistent hyperlipidemia, patient's laboratory tests were unremarkable. The donor remained in good general condition, as did the kidney recipient. No significant deviations associated with the procedure were noted.


Hydrochloric acid activates the oxidative iodination of aromatic compounds with the iodine- hydrogen peroxide system through the formation of an iodine(I) compound as the iodinating reagent. Activation with hydrochloric acid is more powerful than that with sulfuric acid. The formation of dichloroiodic(I) acid (HICl2) with various forms of hydrogen peroxide was followed using UV spectroscopy. The HICl2 was used as the iodinating reagent. In the preparative oxidative iodinaton of various aromatic compounds, hydrochloric acid was used in a catalytic amount and the iodine(I) reagent was formed in situ with 0.5 equiv. hydrogen peroxide and 0.5 equiv. molecular iodine. Two types of reactivity were observed in oxidative iodination with iodine(I) species catalyzed by hydrochloric acid: in the iodination of anisole 1a better yields of iodination were observed with a smaller amount of hydrochloric acid, while on the contrary 4-tert-butyltoluene 1b gave better yields of iodination upon increasing the amount of hydrochloric acid. Reactivity was further manipulated by the choice of the solvent (MeCN, trifluoroethanol, hexafluoro-2-propanol).


Background: With the advent and advances in the field of radiological and imaging techniques, the diagnosis of lump can be made with greater accuracy than previous years. The better diagnostic facilities like ultrasonography, computer tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging shows mass lesions directly in their entirety. Within two decades of CT scan there have been rapid technical advances, which has provided us with high quality images but at a substantially increased cost.Methods: This is prospective study. It was conducted from June 2017 to July 2018 at GMERS Medical College Valsad. A Study of 25 cases was carried out, after thorough clinical examination and necessary investigations, patients were subjected to CT scan of abdomen. CT Scan was carried out for the extent of the growth, exact nature of the growth and whether growth is respectable or not.Results: The present series of 25 cases of retroperitoneal lump the age of patient varied a lot. Maximum number of cases were seen in fourth, fifth and sixth decades. Symptoms include lump, pain in abdomen and other associated complaints.Conclusions: Definitive diagnosis and precise detail of disease was not obtained by conventional investigations, CT scan was performed in all cases and added information was gained by the same study like inoperable growth, lymph node, metastases, vein or inferior vena cava involvement.


Use of 3D printing technology is expanding in healthcare. One of the common applications is the creation of anatomical models of congenital heart defects (CHD) from medical image data. These patient‐specific models are being used for multiple purposes including visualization of anatomy, simulation of surgical procedures, patient education, and facilitating communication between clinical staff.


Abstract In Japan red clover and ladino clover are a popular forage. These clovers are adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions, and respond well to fertilization. They are often grown on relatively infertile soils with the aid of complete fertilizers.1


The invention discloses a bottom hole pressure pump and a pressurizing method thereof, wherein, the pressure pump mainly comprises a filter screen assembly, an upper end connector, a shell, a lower end fastening and an assorted double-channel drill bit. A change valve, a reversing control device, a power cylinder and a pressure cylinder are arranged in the shell sequentially, the lower end of the filter screen assembly is connected with the upper end connector by threads, the lower end of the upper end connector is connected with the shell by threads and sealed, the lower end fastening is connected with the shell by threads and sealed, and the left end of the lower end fastening props against the right end of the pressure cylinder, and presses and connects the change valve, the power cylinder and the pressure cylinder in the shell with a locking part arranged in the upper end connector. The invention can drastically improve the drilling speed, reduce the drilling cost and shorten the drilling period, and has relatively simple structure, short total length, low movement velocity, long service life, low manufacturing cost and high performance-price ratio.


The MTLE Basic Skills Test is a computer based exams that must be completed in order to become a licensed teacher. At UMD they must be passed prior to admittance into the blocks for all Teacher Education Programs.


The purpose of this paper is to review Hawthorne's aesthetic consciousness and view of art by exploring some characters' works of art in The Marble Faun. The Marble Faun takes its title from Praxiteles's sculpture of a sylvan faun and seems to avoid photography altogether, aligning itself with statuary as overtly as The House of the Seven Gables does with the daguerreotype. Hawthorne's characters purify their media from the potential taints of sexuality that the artists such as Powers and Hosmer whom Hawthorne encountered in Rome may have depicted in their own works. Hawthorne's last published romance is the culmination of his attempts to keep his own and his characters' arts pure from the potential taints they could acquire by depicting human sexuality 'with imperfect fidelity. With a supposed angel's innocent respect, Hilda practices a variety of copying that surpasses photography in its accuracy. Miriam, the dark heroine in The Marble Faun, readily contrasts with Hilda. For instance, while Hilda's insight makes her a transparent mechanism, Miriam's assertive womanhood threatens to remake the image of Beatrice Cenci from the top down. Miriam's art revises the truth of the original image. The Anglo sculptor, Kenyon who works in exotic Cleopatra's clay, may get his hands dirty with the bodies of exotic temptresses. If he were to become tainted as he dirties his hands with foreign clay, he would risk jeopardizing his own innocence. Hawthorne depicts Hilda as the feminine copyist who serves as a corrective to the sculptor Kenyon's artistic vision. The ideal union of Kenyon and Hilda enacts authorial wish-fulfillment, combining the monumental 'man of marble' with the supposed angel. Both of the characters see the works of art from a pure point of view and manage to divest artistic spectacles of possibly suggestive or licentious content. They try to purify and elevate their own works of art, which are associated with Hawthorne's view of art.


The contribution introduces some research experiences focuses on innovation processes in the context of actions and projects for the regeneration of the so-called "periferie dell'abitare" (suburbs of living), investigating in particular the technical content and operational and procedural relations between interventions of physical- spatial and participative social practices. The context of analysis focuses on marginal public and / or collective urban spaces, places that, for various reasons, have lost their original function and are now considered as residual areas where environmental and social degradation phenomenas occur. A recurring condition in peripheral and semi-peripheral areas of cities, but also in central areas affected by major transformation processes related to productive dismantling and reconfiguration of the mobility and transport system. What these places have in common, regardless of their size or location, is their public character, that is represented by their relevance – in terms of "potential" – for the communities of citizens who are involved in the transformation processes that characterize the cities all over the world.


Summary. The use of orthopedic methods as a complex treatment of periodontal diseases significantly improves the results of treatment and contributes to the achievement of stabilization and long-term remission, as they are aimed at eliminating aggravating factors of periodontitis development, reducing the progression of the disease or already existing complications, normalizing the function of periodontal tissues.The aim of the study – to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the use of various splints in patients with generalized periodontitis of the III degree of severity and 3 degrees of mobility of the mandibular anterior teeth.Materials and Methods. 51 patients with generalized periodontitis of the III degree of severity and 3 degrees of mobility of the mandibular anterior teeth were splinted using an adhesive fiber splint (comparative group) or a universal folding periodontal splint (main group). The indices of the oral hygiene (OHI-S and O'Lear's plaque index) and the periodontal indices (PMA index, gingival index, periodontal pockets, epithelial attachment loss, recession level) were used.Results and Discussion. The indices of the oral hygiene in the main group were significantly better (OHI-S=0.8±0.33, O'Leary=25.7±10.15), comparable to the comparative group (OHI-S=1.3±0.32; O'Leary=59.79±12.52) and statistically significant (p>0.05). Periodontal indices of in the main group were slightly better, but statistically did not differ between the groups. In the comparison group, the periodontal indices were worse, but statistical difference between the groups was not noted (p>0.05). After 12 months in the main group, there was no damage of the splint and no return of the mobility of the teeth. In the comparison group, 71 % of patients had splints damage and a return to mobility of some teeth.Conclusions. Improvement of the oral hygiene in the main group of the hygienic construction of the universal folding periodontal splint allowed to maintain indicators of the periodontal status at one level, which contributed to the stabilization of the pathological process. The deterioration of oral hygiene in the comparison group, 12 months after treatment, caused a slight deterioration, and other indicators of the periodontal status.


The agrobacteriun EHA105 containing the vector of p Ptcor ∷ 8Ptcor8 ∷ YFP was transformed into lemon which was not resistant to cold, meanwhile, the transformation system was explored and optimized. The results showed that the concentration of 6-BA,Kan and Basta in regeneration medium had significant effects on lemon transformation. When the formula of regeneration medium was MT+ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, the resistance buds could be screened out effectively by adding 75 mg/L Kan or 10 mg/L Basta, and 3 transgene lemon plants were gained with the positive YER rate of 3.6%.


The homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend applied in tread compound of all-steel TBR tire was investigated,and compare to Russian SKI-3, SKI-5/NR blends and NR.The results showed homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend had similar vulcanization characteristics, dynamic mechanical properties and heat-aging resistance or even better. It was inspected that the appearance, balance, air bubbles, X-ray and homogeneity inspection test of the tires produced by homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend by the tire factory,all the indicators were qualified. The tires passed the China National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of rubber tire certification. The tires met the requirements of all-steel TBR tire.The homogeneous rare earth IR prepared by Petro China Jilin Petrochemical Company could 40 phr instead of NR using in tread compound of all-steel TBR tire,which could extend tire life and reduce tire material costs.


Untreated bladder exstrophy in an adult is rare, as the defect is obvious and primary reconstruction is usually done in infancy. There are less than 90 reported cases of primary adenocarcinoma in an untreated bladder exstrophy in literature and only two such case reports from India. We report the case of adenocarcinoma in a 29 year old male with untreated bladder exstrophy to highlight the extreme rarity, yet distinct possibility and challenges faced in surgical management of such cases.


INTRODUCTION Vanderbilt University Law School is recognized today as offering one of the nation's preeminent programs in legal education.1 IMAGE FORMULA10 Its opening in Nashville in 1874, however, was inauspicious at best, and its operation during the remainder of the nineteenth century was marked principally by modest, incremental advances. Yet an examination of the Law School's creation and formative years reveals a rich tale of administrators, faculty, students, alumni, and supporters striving to fashion an enduring, high-quality institution. This Article recounts the story of Vanderbilt Law School in the nineteenth century.2 EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Circumstances existing in the economy, the legal profession, and the world of legal education influenced Vanderbilt Law School's formation and evolvement. The Economy. At the time of Vanderbilt University's founding, the country, particularly the South, was still recovering from the Civil War.3 The region was in such a precarious economic state that University founders struggled to secure the funds necessary to create the institution.4 But for the substantial contributions of Cornelius Vanderbilt, the University might have never come into being.5 Vanderbilt Law School, however, benefited little from Vanderbilt family funding.6 During the nineteenth century, the Law School was essentially a quasi-proprietary operation functioning under a lease arrangement with the University.7 IMAGE FORMULA14 Given these economic circumstances, pricing the Vanderbilt Law School educational product was a tricky matter.8 Administrators needed to set Law School tuition at an amount students could afford, but at a level sufficient to sustain the School's operations. At the time of its creation in 1874, the Law School pegged annual tuition at $120.9 This rate was the same amount charged at that time by established and thriving rival, Cumberland University School of Law in neighboring Lebanon, Tennessee.10 It soon became evident that $120 was unduly pricey, so in 1877 the annual Law School tuition at Vanderbilt was decreased to $80.(11) Apparently, this amount was determined by administrators to be excessively low. The following year (1878) annual tuition at Vanderbilt Law School was raised to $100,(12) a level maintained throughout the remainder of the nineteenth century.13 Interestingly, Cumberland School of Law lowered annual tuition to $100 at about this time (1879) and held it at that amount well into the twentieth century.14 Thus, these rival institutions offered competitive tuition for most of the last quarter of the nineteenth century.15 Viewed from a wider perspective, when Vanderbilt Law IMAGE FORMULA16 School set its annual tuition at $100 in 1878, it became one of the higher-priced law schools in the country.16 Although its tuition remained at $100 through the end of the century, maintaining that rate placed the Law School even higher on the nationwide law school tuition scale as new law schools with lower tuition rates were established.17 The economy also had a broader influence on the operation of Vanderbilt Law School during its formative years. The latter part of the nineteenth century saw developments in industry, transportation, business, and banking that created a new economic order, of which a robust legal profession and an increasingly influential system of legal education centered on law school training were integral parts.18 The Legal Profession. Vanderbilt Law School was founded at a time when the legal profession was undergoing extensive change.19 Transformation of the profession did not occur suddenly or smoothly; crosscurrents existed. On one hand, the profession was becoming more accessible to aspirants of various backgrounds and less clubby in nature.20 Simultaneously, many members of the profession issued a call for higher professional standards and more rigorous examination for admission to practice. …


The use of surface waves (SW) in seismology is well known since the pioneering works after the First World War in the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1950s and 1960s, thanks to computer and instrumental improvements, surface waves started to be intensively adopted in global seismology [1-3]. Engineering applications started shortly after, but for their diffusion we have to wait the work of Stokoe and colleagues which introduced the SASW method (Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves) [4,5]. After the introduction of multi-channels methods, Multi channels Analysis of Surface Waves, SWs rapidly become standard practice in engineering geophysical prospecting. Nowadays surface wave methods are the most powerful and used tools for in situ shear wave velocity estimation, basing on the dispersive properties of the layered media [6-8].


This paper introduces a series of augmentations to the Current Population Survey to allow for more accurate estimations of American poverty outcomes and a more fruitful integration of the U.S. into comparative research. The augmentations address three shortcomings in recent poverty research, including (1) severe measurement error in the data from which U.S. poverty estimates are most often derived, (2) the conceptualizations of poverty adopted within U.S.-centric research, and (3) the masking of substantial crossstate variation in poverty outcomes across the 50 United States. Specifically, the augmentations, made public for future researchers to apply, partially correct for the underreporting of four means-tested transfers, establish an internationally comparable conceptualization of poverty, and increase sample sizes for more-precise state-level estimates. The findings illustrate the extent to which prior studies have overestimated the incidence of poverty within the U.S. and have conceptually undervalued the immense heterogeneity of poverty outcomes across the 50 states.


Observations of Galactic black hole candidates performed with the ART‐P telescope aboard Granat in 1990–1992 focused our attention on studying of the sources spectral variability vs the accretion rate. We show that in contrast with the current scenario of disk accretion onto a black hole the hard spectral state of the sources always occurs at smaller accretion rate than the soft state. The arguments are presented that hard x‐rays detected during the ''very high'' and ''low'' states of black hole candidates have a distinct origin.


The iron complex [FeH(CO) (PNP)] (PNP = N(CH2CH2PiPr2)2) is a highly active catalyst for ammonia borane dehydrocoupling at room temperature. Mainly linear polyaminoborane is obtained upon release of 1 equiv of H2. Mechanistic studies suggest that both hydrogen release and B–N coupling are metal-catalyzed and proceed via free aminoborane. Catalyst deactivation results from reaction with free BH3 that is formed by aminoborane rearrangement. Importantly, borane trapping with a simple amine allows for the observation of a TON that is unprecedented for a well-defined base metal catalyst.


The use of the Polanyi diffusion flame technique as a diagnostic test for the identification of reactions that lead to light emission is presented. There is developed the mathematical model needed for the interpretation of such flames in which a product is responsible for the emission that is studied. The method is applied to the systems in which oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms react with nitric oxide. The rate constant of the reaction O + NO + M → NO2 + M at 293 °K was determined as k = 1.4 × 1017 (cc/mole)2 sec−1.


This paper proposes a new adaptive control law for vehicle semiactive suspension.The control gains which are tuned according to road frequency are used to the velocity feedback of the sprung mass and the unsprung mass.Computer simulation results show that the semiactive suspensions with the proposed control law have excellent performances.


Are there any such things as mind viruses? By analogy with biological parasites, such cultural items are supposed to subvert or harm the interests of their host. Most popularly, this notion has been associated with Richard Dawkins' concept of the "selfish meme". To unpack this claim, we first clear some conceptual ground around the notion of cultural adaptation and units called 'memes'. We then formulate Millikan's challenge: how can cultural items ('memes' or whatever you want to call them) develop novel purposes of their own, cross-cutting or subverting human purposes? If this central challenge is not met, meme talk will be vacuous or superfluous. First, we discuss why other attempts to answer Millikan's challenge have failed. In particular, we put to rest the claims of panmemetics, a somewhat sinister worldview which treats all of culture as swarms of selfish agents. Next, we reject a more reasonable, but still overly permissive approach to cultural parasitism, which equates mind parasites with biologically maladaptive culture. Finally, we present our own answer to Millikan's challenge: certain systems of misbelief can be fruitfully treated as selfish agents developing novel purposes of their own. Such mind parasites are designed to spread in a viral-like manner, without any regard to the interests of their human hosts. As a case study, we discuss the witch hunts of early modern Europe. In this particular case, adopting the meme's eye view promises to shed new light on a mystery that historians and social scientists have been wrestling with for decades.


This Resource Is an article from JoinTogether about aftermath of Katrina which displaced thousands of people with addictions from their treatment programs and support networks. Treatment programs in Baton Rouge dealing with influx of people in withdrawal. There has been zero effective govt response.


The reputation of liberal democracy has fallen not only internationally but even within the UK and the US, which on current policies risk a decline in living standards and an even worse outcome should more to populist policies be implemented. Weak growth followed the financial crisis but was not caused by it. Holding otherwise is an example of the 'post hoc fallacy'. Weak growth was caused solely by adverse changes in demography and poor productivity. Addressing both economists and the wider audience of those concerned with our economic and political future, this chapter shows that the adverse changes in demography and productivity have causes which predate the financial crisis by many years. The financial crisis was due to poor theory which led central banks to ignore the risks of high asset prices and excess debt. Poor theory today inhibits policy makers from recognizing that bonus culture policy has stifled growth.


Abstract The effects of Ce doping on the lattice parameters, permittivity, and sintering characteristics of the BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Co2O3-Sm2O3-Li2CO3 system were studied. It was found that addition of CeO2 could improve dielectric properties at low or medium sintering temperatures. The structure, permittivity, and density of sintered ceramics were influenced by the vacancies introduced by donors and acceptors. Defect behaviour is also discussed.


Let Hn be the hyperbolic n-space with n ≥ 2. Suppose that Γ < Isom Hn is a discrete, torsion free subgroup and a is a point in the domain of discontinuity Ω(Γ). Let p be the projection map from Hn to the quotient manifold M = Hn/Γ. In this paper we prove that there exists an open neighborhood U of a in Hn ∪Ω(Γ) such that p is an isometry on U ∩ Hn.


While relatively immature in terms of case law, B-Corps are increasing in popularity and include many well-known businesses such as Patagonia, Method Products and Warby Parker. These organizations bridge the gap between for profit companies that may sometimes be forced to refrain from certain social initiatives in favor of the bottom line and nonprofit companies which are often restricted in their ability to raise capital to grow.


Offshore wind is the major growth area in the wind industry sector today. However, there remains a key, fundamental missing element - a thorough understanding of the offshore wind climatology and likely wind resource. In 2008 the EU FP7 funded project NORSEWInD was created with a remit to deliver offshore wind speed data at a nominal project hub height acquired in offshore locations in the North, Baltic and Irish seas. Part of the NORSEWInD project is the use of LiDAR remote sensing (RS) systems mounted on offshore platforms to measure wind velocity profiles. The data acquired from the offshore RS measurements are fed into a large wind speed dataset suitable for use by the wind industry. One significant problem identified was the effect of platform interference effects on the RS data. Another significant effect on the quality of the data produced was the method by which the wind speed and direction was acquired as the method by which LiDARs measure the wind vector is significantly different from a point measurement. Whilst this will have no effect in a homogeneous flow field if there is significant flow distortion, which might be found in close proximity to a large structure or in complex terrain, then the effect of this spatially averaged measurement might cause a significant deviation from a point measurement. This paper reports on the modelling of two different types of LiDAR, the Natural Power ZephIR and the Leosphere Windcube, in a computational fluid dynamics simulation of the flow around a large offshore structure. The paper discusses the difference in the measured wind vector when compared to a point measurement at the measurement height.


Why would Sir Thomas More write a letter to Alice Alington under the name of Margaret More Roper? To answer that question, this essay examines the political and familial circumstances of the letter's composition, its artfully concealed design of forensic oratory, and use of indirect argument. A careful analysis of the letter's rhetorical strategy will reveal further that More crafted his defense of conscience with allusion to the question of counsel from Utopia, whether or not a philosopher should enter into a king's service. In the Alington letter, from More's position as an imprisoned, former Chancellor of England, he revised civic humanism's call for political engagement into a powerful statement of defiance against King Henry VIII.


Reading teaching is an important part of chinese teaching in middle school,it is also a part of lots of problems,extensive reading is one of the worrying situation that we are facing.Classroom urgent need to strengthen the close reading of the text.Read the text on the teaching of reading is not only the status of righting Marina crisis,but also natural performance of new curriculum in reading teaching.From start reading,start from the comparison,the read from start to imagine hypothetical,so that students can go beyond the text of the table,experience artistic charm of literary accomplishment.


In the design of current-mode PWM DC-DC converters,the slope compensation method widely used to prevent sub-harmonic oscillation can significantly weaken the load capacity under a high duty cycle.The method presented in this paper reduces the slope compensation effect on the maximum inductor current.The inductor current can reach a high value even if the duty cycle is high.The load capacity is improved significantly.In the implementation,a novel multiplex comparator is used to realize the functions of three conventional comparators and some logic circuits.The power dissipation is as low as that of a conventional comparator.The circuit is concise and simple to implement.


This paper introduces a design and research of stepped wind turbine foundation and compares it with circular spread foundation and octagonal raft foundation in engineering quantity and constructability. It shows that the stepped wind turbine foundation has clear mechanical behaviour, efficient in design and analysis. It is a good solution in terms of investment and constructability in wind power projects. Finally, a practical application of this stepped foundation design in a wind farm in Pakistan is presented, efficient construction, and good economic benefits are obtained.


Humans use tactile and kinesthetic cues to easily identify the location of an object feature without vision. This preliminary work quantitatively examined the behaviors of 15 individuals locating a target on an object with a single digit (index or thumb). Search methods could be categorized into one of three search strategies, termed "scanning," "landmark," and "direct." The scanning strategy consisted of (1)back and forth scanning and (2)confirmation of the target, and was always utilized in trials in which the target location was unknown. The landmark strategy consisted of (1)contour following, (2)ballistic movement from an edge toward the target, and (3)error correction and confirmation of the target. The direct strategy consisted of (1)ballistic movement from the start position directly to the target, and (2)error correction and confirmation of the target. Follow-up relocalization trials were executed with the landmark strategy 42% and the direct strategy 58% of the time. The landmark strategy was utilized significantly more often by the index finger than by the thumb. Future work to understand how strategy selection depends on the strength of an individual's internal model of the 3D object and the uncertainty of finger location with respect to the object will inform the development of a computational model of human object exploration.


In order to understand the near-source TEM sounding method, the topic on the time domain electromagnetic exploration of deep targets is addressed using a grounded dipole source. At first, the development of the near source TEM is reviewed in this paper, then a new kind of technique capable of detecting geological targets located at deeper levels in the subsurface is proposed using the short-offset transient electromagnetic method (hereafter referred to as SOTEM). The detection abilities of this system, such as the feasibility of near-source detection for SOTEM, the investigation depth of SOTEM and the sensitivity of SOTEM, have been analyzed. The conclusion has been achieved that the proposed method is more applicable and convenient for exploration and could be used to obtain a greater detection depth with higher detection accuracy.


The following paper zvas read by Mr. Gosline before the Philadelphia Meeting of the Society on Sept. 10 last. It drew much attention and some pointed discussion about industrial meteorology (see Dec. B U L L E T I N , p. 515). He introduced himself by saying that his purpose was to emphasize the opportunities and significance of the field of industrial meteorology, which he feels the profession should promote more actively. He wanted to illustrate the why, what and how, of this field, and proceeded in a frankly autobiographical vein. He is fortunate to be working in an enlightened organization of large resources; and the profession is fortunate that Mr. Gosline has been able to demonstrate to his company and for others to judge hozv a meteorologist can, as he puts it, heip his concern to make money—R. G. S.


Introduction Drug therapy is the mainstay for managing most allergic diseases when avoidance of the offending allergen is impossible or is of limited effect. An important principle that guides the choice of one drug over another is the variation in drug responses between individuals. Why do drugs work well in some patients but not in others? This may be the result of diagnostic error, differences in disease severity, poor drug adherence, age, poor assessment of response and concomitant environmental exposures. Importantly, 60–80% of variations in drug response may be genetic. Currently, the only way a physician can deal with the variability in drug responsiveness is by trying another drug belonging to a different class, i.e. by using trial and error. The ability to distinguish responders from non-responders to a pharmacological agent in order to guide drug therapy will reduce the wasted time and effort required to tailor a drug treatment to an individual's needs, and at the same time, ensure that the right drug is given to match the disease process involved and to minimize sideeffects. For specific drugs, individual patients show consistent responses over time and in relation to both efficacy and safety [1 ]. Genetic variation accounts for much of this.


The article presents the distinction of two modi of historical being (proper and improper), ontological primacy of proper historicity of a person.


This thesis is framed within the scope of cooperative game theory and it is structured in three independent parts, each of one devoted to a different topic.
The first part is devoted to the analysis of two centralized inventory probles without holding costs. For every model, we determine the optimal inventory policy and the associated cost game is theoretically studied, by defining cost allocation procedures. For the inventory model with two acquisition costs, the structure of efficient coalitions can be determined using mathematical programming results. In the case of assuming general transportation costs, we establish conditions under which cooperation is profitable and we define a core allocation, close to the Shapley value of airport games.
The second part focuses on analysing general sequencing problems in a single machine, where processing costs are given by non-linear functions. We study the case of exponential and logarithmic costs. The main goal in this class of problems consists of determining the optimal order of processing the jobs. Once it is obtained, we analyse the cost savings obtained by rearranging the jobs from a game-theoretic approach. In contrast to the linear case, the notion of neighbour switching gain is generally redefined in terms of a time-dependent function. The establishment of general conditions on this function characterize the optimal order in some special cases and ensure the convexity of the associated cost savings game.
The last part of this thesis analyses methodologies in the approximation of two coalitional values with prior unions: the Owen value and the Banzhaf-Owen value, respectively. Specifically, several sampling techniques base the proposed procedures for their estimation. After the analysis of the statistical properties of the estimators, results are established to bound the error when estimating the coalitional values under this approach. We complete this study with the evaluation of our proposals on different examples in the literature, in order to calibrate the quality of the provided approximations.


Background: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) mediate the shuttling of high-energy metabolites between different cells. Results: Transport activity of MCTs is augmented by intracellular and extracellular carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Conclusion: Intracellular and extracellular CAs can work in concert to ensure rapid shuttling of metabolites across the cell membrane. Significance: CAs play a pivotal role as regulators of metabolite transport in different tissues. Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are carriers of high-energy metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies and are expressed in most tissues. It has previously been shown that transport activity of MCT1 and MCT4 is enhanced by the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) independent of its catalytic activity. We have now studied the influence of the extracellular, membrane-bound CAIV on transport activity of MCT1/4, heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Coexpression of CAIV with MCT1 and MCT4 resulted in a significant increase in MCT transport activity, even in the nominal absence of CO2/HCO3−. CAIV-mediated augmentation of MCT activity was independent of the CAIV catalytic function, since application of the CA-inhibitor ethoxyzolamide or coexpression of the catalytically inactive mutant CAIV-V165Y did not suppress CAIV-mediated augmentation of MCT transport activity. The interaction required CAIV at the extracellular surface, since injection of CAIV protein into the oocyte cytosol did not augment MCT transport function. The effects of cytosolic CAII (injected as protein) and extracellular CAIV (expressed) on MCT transport activity, were additive. Our results suggest that intra- and extracellular carbonic anhydrases can work in concert to ensure rapid shuttling of metabolites across the cell membrane.


The on-board fuel for fuel cell powered vehicles may be one or more of hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, natural gas, propane, or other liquified petroleum gases. To use hydrogen as the fuel, suitable means of storing, and subsequently delivering, adequate quantities of the gas must be developed. For all other fuels suitable reformers must be developed to convert the fuel to hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich gas mixture at rates corresponding to the varying power demand rates of the automotive system; this is especially true for the lower temperature fuel cells, such as the polymer electrolyte fuel cell which operates at 80{degrees}C and the phosphoric acid fuel cell which operates at 190{degrees}C. This paper discusses the key design and performance characteristics of such hydrogen storage and fuel reformer systems for use in stand-alone fuel cell automotive applications.


What is already known about this topic? Previous studies in western populations have found consistent relationships between adverse childhood experiences and the development of mood and anxiety disorders, especially depressive symptoms in adolescence and adulthood. What is added by this report? This study used a longitudinal design and analytic method to model depressive symptom trajectories from 2011 to 2018 among the middle-aged and elderly in China. This study also investigated the association between adverse childhood experiences and adulthood depressive symptoms in the Chinese population. What are the implications for public health practice? Future public policy could consider early prevention and intervention on adverse childhood experiences to prevent adult depressive symptoms. Besides, it is essential to create safe, stable, and nurturing environments for children's development.


Abstract : Ship motion predictions of the MONOB 1 57.62 m (189 ft) barge operating in the waters near the Bahamas are presented. The motions and their associated periods are calculated using Bretschneider wave spectra, which are representative of open ocean conditions, as well as JONSWAP wave spectra, which are representative of fetch-limited sea conditions. Both long crested (unidirectional) and short crested (multidirectional) seas are considered. Based on historical wave data, worst case and representative case motion levels for winter operations are identified. A data base of seasonal sea conditions, derived from published historical data, is presented and consists of joint probabilities of occurrence of wave height and periods as well as probabilities of exceedance of specified wave heights for Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO) near Andros Island in the Bahamas. (Author)


In this paper I investigate how well simple power law expansion fits observational data in comparison to the standard ΛCDM model. I analyze a data set consisting of cosmic chronometer, standard ruler, and standard candle measurements, finding that the ΛCDM model provides a better fit to most combinations of these data than the power law ansatz.


Our goal is to design and to achieve a multiple purpose vision system for various robotics applications : wheeled robots (like cars for autonomous driving), legged robots (six, four (SONY's AIBO) legged robots, and humanoid), flying robots (to inspect bridges for example) in various conditions : indoor or outdoor. Considering that the constraints depend on the application, we propose an edge segmentation implemented either in software, or in hardware using CPLDs (ASICs or FPGAs could be used too). After discussing the criteria of our choice, we propose a chain of image processing operators constituting an edge segmentation. Although this chain is quite simple and very fast to perform, results appear satisfactory. We proposed a software implementation of it. Its temporal optimization is based on : its implementation under the pixel data flow programming model, the gathering of local processing when it is possible, the simplification of computations, and the use of fast access data structures. Then, we describe a first dedicated hardware implementation of the first part, which requires 9CPLS in this low cost version. It is technically possible, but more expensive, to implement these algorithms using only a signle FPGA.


The aim of this study was to identify commonly HRM practices effect on Malaysian private companies' performance. We found support for the four HRM practices are found to be correlated with the business performance based on responses from 153 managers from Selangor based private firms in Malaysia. Regression results showed that training and development, team work, compensation/incentives, HR planning, performance appraisal, and employees security have positive and significant influence on business performance with the exception for compensation/incentives and employees security.


The influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on the water relations of the rangeland grass Agropyron smithii was compared for two different geographic isolates of both Glomus macrocarpum var. macrocarpum and G. microcarpum. Spores of these fungi were collected from two sites in Wyoming that differed in total annual precipitation and were used to inoculate greenhouse-grown plants. Leaf resistances to water vapor loss (R^) were about 11% lower in all mycorrhizal vs. nonmycorrhizal plants at high soil and plant water potentials (>-0.2 MPa) and up to 47% lower at soil and plant water potentials near -6 MPa. Plants infected with G. microcarpum had R^ values that were up to 26% lower (1520 vs. 1120 m s_1) than G. macrocarpum-infected plants at the lowest xylem pressure potentials. However, changes in xylem pressure potentials over a soil water potential range from 0 to -6 MPa were not statistically different between plants infected with the two fungal congeners. Plants infected with G. microcarpum from the dry Wyoming site had statistically different responses to drying soil than did plants infected with G. microcarpum collected from the more mesic site with an approximate 9% difference in R^ (1120 m s~l vs. 1220 m s~*) at a xylem pressure potential near - 6 MPa. As was the case for the fungal congeners, xylem pressure potentials of the host A. smithii did not differ between the two G. microcarpum isolates over the range of soil drying.


When the seminal article on the organization of turn-taking by Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson (1974) was published 30 years ago, I started learning English as a foreign language. In addition to being a learner of the English language for many years, I was also trained in the traditions of Conversation Analysis (CA) and linguistic anthropology (particularly Language Socialization) in graduate school. For the present article, my objective is to explore the uses and nonuses of CA for language learning, particularly for Chinese language learning. In what follows, I take the perspective of a conversation analyst as well as that of a second language (L2) learner.

This article is divided into three main sections. The first section discusses the kinds of contributions CA can make to research on L2 learning and teaching. I propose that the basic science produced by CA research can be fruitfully applied to L2 learning and instruction and to oral language assessment. I further suggest that CA studies of classroom interaction provide richly textured descriptions of language learning contexts such as expert-novice relations and participants' identity construction. The second section considers what CA does not do, or is not designed to do for Second Language Acquisition (SLA). I submit that, unlike language socialization research, CA does not address introspective, unobservable matters that may be important to language learning. Furthermore, unlike ethnomethodology, CA is not designed to document learning (i.e., change in behavior) over a considerable period of time. The final section concludes on a hermeneutical note: I argue that CA studies of SLA provide a part of the picture of L2 learning and teaching, a part that, crucially, compels us to reconsider the whole.


Tourism carrying capacity is an important factor of sustainable tourism development policy for any destinations. Results from the capacity specifically forecast tourism impact on the destination's natural environment and also forecast the destination's life cycle. The focus of the article is to record the results from calculating the tourism capacity of Hoi An ancient town – a popular destination that has been overloaded recently. Based on Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC) and Effective Real Carrying Capacity (ERCC) and after eliminating the negative impact factor to ensure sustainable development, the maximum number of tourists permitted to visit Hoi An ancient town is 3.53 million per year. However, the number of tourists to Hoi An in 2019 was 5.35 million, surpassing the addressed limit of carrying capacity by 1.52 times. The author suggests a management policy with focus on (1) creating vacation time for the destination; (2) and redistributing key tourist markets for Hoi An ancient town. From the results of these two measures, the author gives some suggestions on management policies to restructure the tourist market in order to reduce the pressure on the carrying capacity of Hoi An ancient town and the heritage route in the Central of Viet Nam according to the goal of sustainable development.


Adipocytes secrete adiponectin, an abundant serum hormone which is down‐regulated in obesity. Low adiponectin levels correlate with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Studies in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes suggest a cardioprotective role for adiponectin, but its role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype is unknown. VSMC de‐differentiation contributes to atherosclerosis and restenosis. We report that adiponectin induces differentiation in human coronary artery VSMC, and that the adiponectin receptors Adipo‐R1 and ‐R2 are expressed in these cells. Delivery of adiponectin to VSMC with an adenovirus (Ad‐Adpn) or plasmid promoted AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition and contractile protein expression in a dose‐dependent manner. These effects were not observed with control virus or plasmid. Conditioned media from Ad‐Adpn‐infected VSMC also induced differentiation in uninfected VSMC, which was inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Furthermore, the pharmacologic AMPK activator, AICAR, activated AMPK, inhibited mTOR and induced VSMC differentiation. We've previously shown that mTOR inhibition with the stent drug rapamycin promotes VSMC differentiation. Adiponectin may serve as an endogenous hormonal inhibitor of mTOR. Our data suggest that maintenance of VSMC contractile phenotype through AMPK activation may be a novel cardioprotective function of adiponectin.


This paper presents a comparative study of differences in energy consumption while applying 2004 and 2014 releases of the CEN/TR 13201 standard for lighting designs. Street lighting optimal design and its optimization is discussed. To provide a reliable comparison, optimal designs for a given representative set of streets were calculated. The optimization was performed by newly developed software. As a test bed, a set of streets was selected with varying physical and traffic characteristics. The energy consumption was measured on the same set of streets both statically, which assumed the same lighting levels throughout night, and with a dynamic control, which adjusted lighting based on traffic intensity. For experiments with the dynamic control, one year of traffic intensity data were used. The findings confirm increased economical impact of dynamic control for the 2014 standard, which results in significant energy saving.


This research entitled the formation of students' character in the perspective of the Alquran. The problem that arises is that there are many students who have committed acts that are not commendable to the teachers in the school or even friends who are in the school environment. many of us encounter in the present time like a student who is against his teacher. This is different from the past. At the present time a teacher cannot do more in terms of handling students in school. Because parents today feel more powerful and have more rights towards their children. Besides that at the present time many of us encounter a student who is bullying his classmates. Whether students have problems with the teacher or friends so that there is no good relationship with them. As for the purpose of this study is to find out how to shape the character of good students based on the Alquran and also reduce the problems that arise at this time. The method used is Library Research, qualitative. It was found that the way to shape the character of good students varied according to the Alquran


The self-diffusion coefficients of 7Li+ in a suspension of sulfonated polystyrene latex particles is determined by pulsed-field-gradient, spin-echo NMR over a wide range of electrolyte concentrations. The self-diffusion coefficient of the Li+ counterion in the suspension without electrolyte is significantly less than that found in a solution of LiClO4 at the same bulk concentration. This suggests that a large fraction of the Li+ counterions are electrostatically bound to the large latex particles. The effective charge on the particles is inferred from this measurement. The self-diffusion coefficient of Li+ increases upon the addition of NaClO4 to the deionized suspension. Measuring selectively the dependence of Li+ diffusion on the amount of added electrolyte characterizes the ion-exchange behavior of the latex suspension. The self-diffusion coefficients determined by NMR agree with prediction of the nonlinear Poisson−Boltzmann equation and gradient-diffusion coefficients of hydrogen counterion determined...


rates ranging between 27 and 35 mm. The chemical constituents of the blood were normal; serologic tests and cultures were negative. Urinalysis also revealed nothing of note. Repeated examinations of the cerebro- spinal fluid disclosed clear fluid under normal pressure, containing 5 or 6 lymphocytes per cmm., a trace of globulin, total protein ranging between i8 and 62 mg. per cent, a colloidal gold curve of 55555432I0, and a negative Wassermann test. A pneumo-encephalogram was regarded as normal.


With two-body unitarity equations,we demonstrate the relation between the data of Dalitz analysis of a D+ → K π+ π+ decay experiment and that of Kπ scattering,and point out that there might be some underestimated ambiguity in the existing data sets,if the I=1/2 component of the Kπ system is dominant in this decay process.It is suggested that the unitarity constraints should be built in to deal with the raw data to obtain an improved result from the Dalitz analysis.


Elbow flexion is essential to help position the hand in space and for functional use of the upper extremity. Loss of elbow function can be secondary to many etiologies, including but not limited to brachial plexus injury, traumatic muscle loss, oncologic treatment, poliomyelitis or congenital absence of motor function. The end result is a significant functional limitation of the upper extremity. One method to address the loss of elbow flexion is the use of a functional muscle transfer. These transfers can be performed as pedicled rotational transfers or free functional muscle transfers. This article reviews functional muscle transfers for restoration of elbow flexion as a treatment option for patients with an otherwise unreconstructable extremity.


We are faced with the problem of t reating plantar trophic u lcers in leprosy. These cases occupy a larger number of hospital beds than cases such as lepra reaction or any other concurrent d i sease. Treatments of the ulcers are many accord ing to the extent of the les ion, d ischarge from the ulcer, and the i nvolvement of the under ly ing bone. U lcers without d ischarge or i nvolvement of bone can successfu l ly be t reated with fu l l cast plaster of paris bandage to the leg appl ied at the roadside cl inic itself, but patients hav ing chronic recurrent u lcers with marked oedema of the foot and serious d i s charge can not be t reated with p laster of paris immobi l isation and t hey need prolonged hospital i sat ion and special treatment. It i s known that sclerosi s and fibrosis lead to extra-vascular compression and narrowing of the b lood vessels in the region of the trophic u lcers . DHARMENORA, SEN, & CHATTERJI2 hold that d iminu t ion in the blood supply i s a fundamental cause of persistent uLcera t ion. LAURET and KERBASTAR03 t reated l7 perforat i ng ulcers with tr i  chloracetic aci d and sal icy l ic acid external l y and intravenous injec t ion of Dychol i um (dehydrocholate of sod i um). They attri bute the good results to the antiseptic and epithel ia l softening actions of the acid and the vasod i latat ion brought about by the bi le salts. PATERSON4 from a series of angiographs concl uded that there is d i latation of the arteriovenous shunts and sometimes there i s defec t ive fi l l ing of the d igital arteries due to short c i rcuit of blood. Hence i t was fel t that any drug which would increase the blood flow to the affected part might promote qu icker heali ng of these ulcers. This led me to the t ria l of n icotinic acid , a vasodi lator drug, in the t reatment of pLantar trophic ulcers which forms the subject of this paper.


*† ‡ § ** †† An extendible nozzle is considered to be a feasible device to improve the performance of booster engines because it has possibilities to provide altitude compensation and to achieve higher specific impulse. The booster engines with the extendible nozzle have to deploy the extendible nozzle during firing. For the design of the extendible nozzle and its driving mechanics, it is required to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the extendible nozzle. Dynamic characteristics of the loads acting on the extendible nozzle were investigated through the firing tests on a high altitude test stand with varying the ambient pressure to simulate the altitude change. In the firing tests, the extendible nozzle supported by four or six rods was used. The thrust and side loads acting on the extendible nozzle were evaluated quantitatively by using the supporting system consisted of six rods. Using the measured load data and the calculated nozzle pressure distribution data, the estimation of flow separation point were carried out. The effect of deployment position was also clarified.


Customers are less satisfied with the prompt services provided by the banks. They also feel that guidance to use the bank's products and services is not adequately explained. When they ask for information or report any issues, the process is not easy. On the other hand, handling millions of customers with limited bank employees is a tedious process. The bank employees are also exhausted to answer to the same repetitive questions for a long time. The customers are comfortable with the answers, and the bank employees are also tired of the same routine of giving the same answers to different customers. This unpleasant situation will weaken the relationship between the banks and the customers. This paper will discuss how AI-induced chatbots improve customer interaction and how chatbots play an essential role in customer relationship management in the banking industry. The AI-induced chatbot certainly enhances the customer relationship with the banks.


Triallyl phosphate alkylated uracil (N-1), thymine (N-1), cytosine (N-1), adenine (N-3 and N-9), and guanine (presumably N-1 or N-7) in a water solution at 60 °C (pH values were 10–10.5 for uracil, thymine, cytosine, and adenine, and 12 for guanine), giving the corresponding allyl derivatives in considerable yields.


The present invention relates to means and methods for applying the adhesive tape layers from the roller periphery to the spiral wound module. In a preferred embodiment, the same length as the length of the tape assembly.


The bacterial isolates WS, WL, and YL, which were identified as Pseudomonas, grew in 2-chloro-acrylate (2-CAA) and 2-chloropropionate (2-CPA) media to produce 2-halo acid dehalogenases. Pseudomonas sp. YL showed the highest 2-CPA dehalogenase activity among the three strains, and inducibly produced two kinds of 2-halo acid dehalogenases in a medium containing either 2-CAA or 2-CPA. The 2-CAA-induced enzyme catalyzed dehalogenation of d- and l-2-CPA to produce l- and d-lactate, respectively. Its pH optimum of the dehalogenation and activity staining indicated that a single enzyme catalyzes the dehalogenation of both enantiomers of 2-CPA. The 2-CPA-induced enzyme catalyzed production of d-lactate from l-2-CPA, but did not act on d-2-CPA. The two dehalogenases are different from each other in mobility upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sensitivity towards thiol reagents.


Nomenclature of Adamantinomata SIR,-Professor Ryrie's account of adamantinoma of the tibia in the Journal of December 3rd (p. 1000) is of great interest, to the dental surgeon amongst others, and raises the point whether such nomenclature of these tumours is the best one. From the fact that these growths occur more frequently in the mouth their origin from the enamel organ has been inferred rather than proved. It has been stated by Kronfeld that in no case has calcified dental tissue been recorded in them, nor in the 166 oral cases tabulated in the Dental Cosmos (U.S.A.) last year was there authentic record of their containing them. The fact that the presence of true enamel has been reported in three cases is not convincing without details, as these might well have been early stages of developing composite odontomes, as referred to later on. In briefly discussing these tumours in the sixth edition of Dental Surgery and Pathology (Colyer and Sprawson), I drew attention to their histological similarity to the pituitary tumour and the rodent ulcer, and the apparently constant absence of calcified dental tissues from all of them. In view of their similarities, and the presumptive rather than actual evidence of their origin from dental formative organs, it would seem better to discontinue the use of such terms as " adamantinoma " and " epithelial odontome," and call them all basal-celled carcinomatawhich, I think, pathologists, generally are agreed is a correct designation for them. As far as I can see the only evidence for calling the oral tumours odontomes is that they occur in the mouth and histologically bear a resemblance to dental formative tissues. As no calcified dental tissue is ever formed without a preliminary in-dipping of the epithelium it will be obvious that some of the composite odontomes of mixed calcified dental tissues might well, in their early developmental stages and before any calcification has started in them, be histologically almost identical with such basal-celled carcinomata, but they differ from them ultimately in not being of unlimited growth, and in the fact that one or more of the tooth germs of the normal series are usually absent, so giving a clue to their origin. There are, in addition, other and rather essential differences.-I am, etc., EVELYN SPRAWSON.


A critical review of classic doctrine concerning the regimes of protection of the human person reveals that it used to endorse a rather compartmentalized outlook, - distinguishing the International Law of Human Rights, International Refugee Law and International Humanitarian Law, - due in great part to an exagerated emphasis in the distinct historical origins of the three regimes of protection. The character of jus cogens of non-refoulement places this latter above political considerations both of States and of political organs of international organizations; in this way, it also calls the attention to the importance of the access of the individuals to justice at international level. Despite the incongruities of the practice of States in our times, the opinio juris communis enlightens the path to follow, which is prevalence of the fundamental rights of the human person in all and any circumstances. Keywords:International Human Rights Law; International Humanitarian Law; International Refugee Law; jus cogens; non-refoulement


THE Education Ministry will be able to formulate more specific
action plans for students with special needs from the feedback
obtained from various parties attending the seventh annual National Special Education Seminar.


ABSTRACT Oil spill dispersants speed up the rate of natural dispersion by enabling the prevailing energy of the wind and waves to convert an oil slick into droplets. The droplets are then dispersed horizontally and vertically by the mixing action of the sea. Vertical dispersion is countered by the buoyancy of the droplets, which depends on oil density and droplet size. The magnitude of the forces available in the sea to create and disperse droplets varies with sea state. A variety of test methods are used to assess the effectiveness of dispersants. Many of these methods attempt to simulate the shearing and mixing action of the sea. The validity of these simulations is difficult to quantify. The oil droplet size distributions of dispersions produced in the Labofina (inverting flask), MNS (Mackay-Nadeau-Steelman), and Oscillating Hoop tests have been determined. An estimate of the relative magnitude of the forces generated in each method has been deduced from data on oil droplet size. The effects of varying...


Introduction Although there is convincing evidence for socio-cognitive impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), little evidence is found for deficient moral cognition. We investigated whether patients with SSD showed altered moral judgments in a story task where the protagonist either had a neutral or malicious intention towards another person. This paradigm examined whether SSD relates to altered moral cognition in general or specifically to impaired integration of prior information (such as beliefs) in moral judgments. Methods 23 patients and 32 healthy controls read vignettes created in a 2 x 2 design. The protagonist in each story either had a neutral or negative intention towards another person which, as a result, either died (negative outcome) or did not die (neutral outcome). Participants rated the moral permissibility of the protagonist's action. Standard null hypothesis significance testing and equivalent Bayes analyses are reported. Results Schizophrenia patients did not differ significantly in permissibility ratings from healthy controls. This finding was supported by the Bayes analyses which favoured the null hypothesis. Task performance was not related to symptom severity or medication. Conclusions The current findings do not support the notion that moral judgments are deficient in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the current study shows that patients do not have observable difficulties in integrating the protagonist's belief in the rating of the moral permissibility of the action-outcome.


The article upholds snail farming as activities that aim to grow industrial species of snails with the aim of deriving products for direct human consumption or for further processing. While the global agricultural systems are prompted to produce more food to feed the growing population, scientists and policy makers have often focused on plant and higher animals such as livestock. However, discussions involving livestock have been solely tied to cattle, poultry, pigs and shoats while stamping out small animals like snails, shrimps and insects, and their contribution to food security. Although the introduction and acceptance of snails in some world traditional cultures have been remarkably good, its introduction and prevalence in most global dish varieties is relatively low. Snails are a reliable and nutritious food source whose rearing is less strenuous, easy to start on reliance on available food sources. The mucus secretion from snails has medicinal purposes. Key challenges to snail farming are safety concerns and socio-cultural barriers towards adoption and acceptance. Snail farming is an economically viable venture with global demand for the commodity increasing as well as intensified research from pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. While the future for snail farming seems bright, there is need for more research and development, global regulation and information sharing on the venture.


High performance computing has become one of the major drivers behind technology inventions and science discoveries. Originally driven through the increase of operating frequencies and technology scaling, a recent slowdown in this evolution has led to the development of multi-core architectures, which are supported by accelerator devices such as graphics processing units (GPUs). With the upcoming exascale era, the overall power consumption and the gap between compute capabilities and I/O bandwidth have become major challenges. Nowadays, the system performance is dominated by the time spent in communication and I/O, which highly depends on the capabilities of the network interface. In order to cope with the extreme concurrency and heterogeneity of future systems, the software ecosystem of the interconnect needs to be carefully tuned to excel in reliability, programmability, and usability.

This work identifies and addresses three major gaps in today's interconnect software systems. The I/O gap describes the disparity in operating speeds between the computing capabilities and second storage tiers. The communication gap is introduced through the communication overhead needed to synchronize distributed large-scale applications and the mixed workload. The last gap is the so called concurrency gap, which is introduced through the extreme concurrency and the inflicted learning curve posed to scientific application developers to exploit the hardware capabilities.

The first contribution is the introduction of the network-attached accelerator approach, which moves accelerators into a "stand-alone" cluster connected through the Extoll interconnect. The novel communication architecture enables the direct accelerators communication without any host interactions and an optimal application-to-compute-resources mapping. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated for two classes of accelerators: Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors and NVIDIA GPUs.

The next contribution comprises the design, implementation, and evaluation of the support of legacy codes and protocols over the Extoll interconnect technology. By providing TCP/IP protocol support over Extoll, it is shown that the performance benefits of the interconnect can be fully leveraged by a broader range of applications, including the seamless support of legacy codes.

The third contribution is twofold. First, a comprehensive analysis of the Lustre networking protocol semantics and interfaces is presented. Afterwards, these insights are utilized to map the LNET protocol semantics onto the Extoll networking technology. The result is a fully functional Lustre network driver for Extoll. An initial performance evaluation demonstrates promising bandwidth and message rate results.

The last contribution comprises the design, implementation, and evaluation of two easy-to-use load balancing frameworks, which transparently distribute the I/O workload across all available storage system components. The solutions maximize the parallelization and throughput of file I/O. The frameworks are evaluated on the Titan supercomputing systems for three I/O interfaces. For example for large-scale application runs, POSIX I/O and MPI-IO can be improved by up to 50% on a per job basis, while HDF5 shows performance improvements of up to 32%.


Typical tasks of service robotics and special robotics fields, including Urban Search and Rescue, set a number of challenges for mobile robotics with automatic performance of various functions of mobile robots being a key task. To pursue automatic camera calibration processes using on-body markers in this paper we demonstrated results of validation experiments on mobile robot Servosila Engineer using fiducial markers, which we selected based on the results of virtual experiments with fiducial marker systems.


Abstract Educational theorists working within the tradition of Jacques Derrida and Emmanuel Levinas's thought, posit teaching to be a site of implied ethics, that is, a realm in which non-violent or less violent relations to the other are possible. Derrida links ethics to the realm of friendship, enabling one to understand teaching as a site of the ethics of friendship. I clarify how friendship, as a re-metaphorization of differance, opens us up to a conception of teaching that provides a counterpoint to the current discourse of 'effective' teaching. I draw out the implications of the Derridean conception of friendship for the educator in his or her philosophical orientation towards teaching and attempt to show that friendship points the educator towards an orientation that enables a 'fine tuning' and opening up of one's sense of obligation and responsibility to one's students in ways that cannot be circumscribed to current or institutionally sanctioned ways of understanding the activity of teaching, especially as it is often envisioned in American public education.


Calcified seaweed (CS) based products have been proposed as an alternative ruminal pH buffer to sodium bicarbonate. It has been reported that magnesium can aid in ruminal pH control too, especially those natural marine forms. We assessed the rumen buffer capacity and milk production and milk composition of two CS: Acid Buf (AB) compared with M12 (a natural marine magnesium enriched CS) on grazing dairy cows in a replicated Latin Square design involving 2 farms with the dairy herd in good sanitary and health status, 2 supplements and 4 measurements periods of one month each. Holstein Friesian dairy cows fed with a partial mixed ration (PMR) were supplemented for 30-d periods with either AB or M12. Total milk production and milk composition were measured in each farm, and five cows in each herd had rumen boluses for the monitoring of ruminal pH, allowing us to identify and monitor total subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) events (i.e., = 2 h with pH < 5.8). The average pH during the experimental period was 2% greater (p < 0.05) and the number of SARA events per cow was lower (p = 0.007) for cows supplemented with M12 compared to AB. If only the cows that developed SARA events were considered, M12 showed a trend (p = 0.068) to reduce the number of SARA events and their duration compared to those cows supplemented with AB. Milk production and composition were similar between both rumen buffers at all periods.


For over two and a half decades, Afghanistan ricocheted between two superpowers for their strategic interests. It became the last battlefield that pitted Soviet against Western influence during the Cold War. The ignominy of the Red Army's Afghan adventure, ending in its withdrawal in 1989, hastened the failure of Soviet political experimentation and led to the opening of a new chapter of US influence and evolution towards a new global configuration.


The complexity of physical, hormonal and psychocological changes in menopause may affect the sexual function in women. This study measured the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in Malaysian menopausal women. The associated factors were also examined in the study. A cross-sectional study involved 310 menopausal (defined as last menstrual period more than 12 months ago) who visited a menopausal clinic in a secondary referral hospital in the East Peninsular Malaysia. The prevalence and associated factors of female sexual dysfunction in the study subjects were determined. Sexual dysfunction was assessed using the Malay version of the female sexual function index (MVFSFI). Possible associated factors were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. The prevalence of FSD for the menopausal women was 21.3%. Younger age was the only factor significantly associated with FSD in the study subjects (adjusted odds ratio=0.916, 95% CI=0.851-0.987). The prevalence of FSD was low in the Malaysian menopausal women and associated with younger age.


This study aimed to reduce the dominant factors affecting the production of banana chips in Lampung, Indonesia. Banana chips currently become one of the superior products of Lampung Province, Indonesia. The development of the number of banana chips industry in Lampung is quite high. The banana chips industry is scattered in various regions. Respondents of this research were banana chips businesses in Lampung Province. The research areas were Bandar Lampung City, Central Lampung District, Pesawaran District, and East Lampung District. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires. The analytical tool used was factor analysis method. Factor analysis was used to find the main factors that mostly influence the decision of the entrepreneur to produce banana chips through a series of tests and the fulfilment of assumptions. The most dominant factors affecting the production of banana chips in Lampung Province are: (1) raw material (33.657%), (2) capital (19.089%), and (3) market access (17.953%). The largest component of banana peels is water and carbohydrates. Banana peels can be fermented into bioethanol. Banana peel can bealso used as active carbon or activated charcoal.


Written comments submitted to the Florida House of Representatives Health Quality Subcommittee regarding HB 571. The Bill would create a mandatory registration scheme for music therapists. These comments focus on the burdens created by the registration and the unconstitutionality of the scheme under First Amendment scrutiny.


According to the March 26 USDA Economic Research Service Milk Cost-of-Production Estimates total feed costs now represent nearly 80 percent of the total operating costs of producing milk in the U.S. To address the income risk associated with higher livestock feed prices the 2014 Farm Bill introduced the Margin Protection Program for Dairy Producers (MPP-Dairy). Several farmdoc Daily articles have explored program features and farmer participation in MPP-Dairy (farmdoc daily February 12, 2014, farmdoc daily November 5, 2014, and farmdoc daily February 11, 2015).


Conformance checking enables organizations to automatically identify compliance violations based on the analysis of observed event data. A crucial requirement for conformance-checking techniques is that observed events can be mapped to normative process models used to specify allowed behavior. Without a mapping, it is not possible to determine if an observed event trace conforms to the specification or not. A considerable problem in this regard is that establishing a mapping between events and process model activities is an inherently uncertain task. Since the use of a particular mapping directly influences the conformance of an event trace to a specification, this uncertainty represents a major issue for conformance checking. To overcome this issue, we introduce a probabilistic conformance-checking technique that can deal with uncertain mappings. Our technique avoids the need to select a single mapping by taking the entire spectrum of possible mappings into account. A quantitative evaluation demonstrates that our technique can be applied on a considerable number of real-world processes where existing conformance-checking techniques fail.


Purpose: There are few reports describing objective and subjective outcomes in aged patients undergoing distal urethral polypropylene sling (DUPS) and canal transobturator tape (canal TOT) placement, which make the submucosal mesh 'tension-free' state in the operating room. We evaluated surgical outcomes and subjective satisfaction in patients over 70 years of age who underwent DUPS and canal TOT for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Materials and Methods: We studied 29 consecutive patients over 70 years of age who underwent DUPS and canal TOT for genuine SUI between January 2006 and April 2008. Surgical outcomes were determined on the basis of hemoglobin change, operative time, hospital stay, and complications. Subjective satisfaction was determined on the basis of disease-specific quality of life, measured via the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-short form (IIQ-7) and the Urogenital Distress Inventory-short form (UDI-6). Results: No intraoperative or major postoperative complications were reported. No concomitant procedures were performed, including cystocele repair (n=0) or rectocele repair (n=0). The mean IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores both decreased significantly after DUPS and canal TOT. Moreover, 82% of patients reported no SUI symptoms under any circumstances, and 91% of patients reported being rarely or never bothered by SUI symptoms. Conclusions: The surgical outcomes and subjective satisfaction seen with DUPS and canal TOT in this study were superior to those seen in other studies. However, it is possible that this study overestimated the effects of DUPS and canal TOT in aged women because of the small study sample. Therefore, additional studies are needed. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:969-975) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏