Previous work has shown a positive correlation between relative forebrain size and feeding innovation frequency, corrected for species number, over different taxonomic groups of birds. Several confounding variables could account for this relationship: ornithologists could notice and report innovations more often in certain taxa because of biased expectations, greater research effort, editorial bias in journals or large population sizes of the taxa. The innovationforebrain correlation could also be spuriously caused by phylogeny or juvenile development mode. We examined these possibilities by entering species number per taxon, population size, number of full length papers, expectations (assessed by a questionnaire), journal source and development mode in multiple regressions that also included relative forebrain size. We did this with and without phylogenetic corrections and tested two behavioural categories, feeding and nesting, where flexibility and learning are clearly thought to differ, but confounds should have similar effects. Through an exhaustive survey covering 30 years in 11 journals, a total of 683 innovations was gathered for the northwestern part of Europe, 507 for feeding and 176 for nesting. Species number per taxon was the only significant confound for both feeding and nesting reports; as predicted, forebrain size was a second significant predictor for feeding innovations, but not for nesting. The frequency of feeding innovations in the short notes of ornithology journals thus appears to be a valid and reliable way to operationalise behavioural flexibility in birds.


One of the leading subjects presented at Institute meetings a half century ago was the newly discovered X ray. These excerpts from the words of men whose names became recognized as being among the leaders in electrical engineering emphasize the advances in scientific knowledge that have been made during the ensuing years.


Electron microscopic evidence is presented to show that the cellulolytic bacterium Cellvibrio mixtus degrades delignified Eucalyptus maculata, initiating the decay in the S1 region of the fibre cell wall.


The individual elements of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays degrade at different rates, because each element emits light independently; the resulting luminance differences between individual elements cause image sticking—a phenomenon where a displayed text or pattern remains on the screen even after changing the image contents—and are therefore an important issue in OLED displays. However, the introduction of OLED technology into large TV displays is still recent, and no criterion for image sticking evaluation has yet been established. The keystone of a criterion for image sticking evaluation is the definition of the difference level between the luminance of individual elements at which the viewer feels that image sticking is present. Therefore, in this study, an image sticking perception experiment is carried out in accordance with statistically sound procedures for experimental design, using a comprehensive set of human subjects to evaluate the presence of image sticking in moving images. The obtained results are analyzed, and two criteria for image sticking evaluation are proposed.


The authors investigated the influence of choral singing and rhythmic dancing on the physical development and functional abilities of the respiratory system of three groups of 10-12-year-old girls: I - 30 schoolgirls of the secondary school, II - 18 choral singing learners, III - 12 choral singing and rhythmic dancing learners. Medium and disproportional physical development was registered in all groups. Disproportion of the development is determined by a high rate of girls with hypotrophy in all groups (30% at I, 77,0% at II, 66,7% at III) and with hypertrophy (33,3% at III). Mean level of lung capacity and moderate hypoxic resistance were revealed in girls from all groups, the values were higher uncertainly in groups II and III. The individual values of living index demonstrate that the average and above average levels of somatic health were revealed in 66,7% of girls of group I, 100% of girls of group II, 88,3% of girls of group III. Choral singing promotes the external respiration system development and its autoregulation, and in combination with rhythmic dancing it raises its reserve abilities.


Processing satellite signals can deceive receiver time. For GPS time receivers, this paper proposes two time spoofing methods, one is based on delay control, and the other is based on clock frequency control. By analyzing the principle of satellite timing, the receiver's time-related parameters and time spoofing principle are deduced and the delay control model and the clock control model are constructed respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the two control methods is verified through design simulation experiments, of which results present that the time-delay control method can linearly skew the receiver time and the clock control method makes the receiver time shift at a certain speed.


This thesis aims to propose, evaluate and apply test procedures for rationality, weak separability and efficiency. In particular, it focuses on nonparametric revealed preference procedures. This approach has the advantage of not having to stipulate any functional form for the utility function, unlike the parametric approach which relies on finding a suitable functional form for the utility function. Many nonparametric approaches to testing rationality and weak separability are based on what is referred to in the literature as Afriat's theorem. The significance of this theorem is that if the observed data satisfy some testable conditions, then the data may be rationalized by a well-behaved utility function that possesses such properties as being non-satiated, continuous, monotonic and concave. Chapter 2 provides a generalization of Afriat's theorem. It is shown that the concavity condition in the theorem may be relaxed to the weaker assumption of semistrict quasi-concavity. In particular, revealed preference conditions are used to check whether a finite data set can be generated by a non-satiated, continuous, monotone and semistrict quasi-concave utility function. In addition, it is shown that a data set can be checked for consistency with economic theory by solving a simple linear programming problem. Chapter 3 investigates the properties of nonparametric revealed preference tests for weak separability by means of Monte Carlo experiments. A block of goods is said to be weakly separable from all other goods when the marginal rate of substitution between any pair of goods in the separable block does not depend on the quantities consumed of any good that is not in the block. A main finding of this thesis is that the bias of the sequential test proposed by Fleissig and Whitney (2003) is low, but that the performance of the test deteriorates substantially when measurement errors are added to the data. The theoretically unbiased test by Swofford and Whitney (1994) is found to suffer from an empirical bias, most probably because the test is heavily dependent on efficient nonlinear optimization routines. Chapter 4, using a data set that comprises yearly observations from 1963-2002 examines separability structures and the demand for food in the Swedish food market. A data-orientated search method based on the multistep test procedure proposed by Jones, Elger, Edgerton and Dutkowsky (2005) is applied to find an appropriate structuring of goods in the demand analysis. Most agricultural studies assume that animalia products, beverage products and vegetabilia products constitute separable groupings. It is shown that this is a misleading assumption when analysing Swedish food data. Chapter 5, co-authored with Kerstin Enflo, addresses the issue of Western European regional productivity growth and convergence by means of data envelopment analysis (DEA), decomposing labor productivity into efficiency change, technical change and capital accumulation. A main finding is that the relative ranking of efficiency scores obtained using DEA is stable with regard to bias-corrections. The decomposition shows that, on average, capital accumulation and technological change have played roughly equally large roles, whereas efficiency changes have contributed negatively.


The incidence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in patients who have undergone breast cancer care is approximately 66-83% 1,2. Clitoral phimosis is a congenital or acquired condition in which the clitoral hood cannot be fully retracted and can be associated with sexual pain and impaired orgasmic capability. A paper by Aerts et al. in 2018 demonstrated a prevalence of clitoral adhesions/phimosis in patients presenting to their sexual medicine practice to be 22%3. Our sexual health clinic has observed that a large majority of patients who are diagnosed with FSD after treatment for breast cancer also have clitoral phimosis. This may remain underdiagnosed and undertreated since examination of the clitoris and clitoral hood is still not considered a routine portion of the gynecologic examination.

 There is an increased prevalence of clitoral adhesions in patients who underwent breast cancer care.

 This was a retrospective observational study. Data was collected from our IRB approved Sexual Health Clinic registry from August 2021 to November 2022. All female patients presenting to our clinic over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of breast cancer who underwent a pelvic exam were included. Patients who did not undergo treatment with an estrogen modulator for their breast cancer were excluded.

 A total of 25 patients presented to the clinic during this time period with a diagnosis of breast cancer. 24 patients underwent a pelvic exam. 23 patients previously underwent treatment with an estrogen modulator. Of these 23 patients, 15 patients (65%) had findings of clitoral adhesions, whereas 8 patients (35%) did not have evidence of clitoral adhesions. Table 1 presents severity of adhesions and associated diagnoses in patients with findings of clitoral adhesions.

 This study serves as preliminary data from our clinic that would indicate that those with a diagnosis of breast cancer that were treated with an estrogen modulator have a higher incidence of clitoral adhesions than the general population. It is therefore our recommendation that all women who have a diagnosis of breast cancer should have a comprehensive vulvar exam including an inspection of the clitoral glans and prepuce. If the prepuce cannot be easily retracted, a diagnosis of clitoral adhesions should be considered. A pilot grant application has been submitted to further investigate prevalence, associated symptoms, severity and treatment efficacy over a longer period.

 No


Acknowledgments List of abbreviations and abbreviated citations Introduction Part I. Fee Tails Before De Donis: 1. Grants in fee tail 2. The transformation of maritagium 3. Maritagium and fee tails in the King's court: the development of the formedon writs Part II. The Growth of the 'Perpetual' Entail: 4. Reading De Donis 5. The statutory restraint on alienation and the descender writ 6. The duration of entails for reversions and remainders Part III. Living with Entails: 7. The change from maritagium to jointure 8. The frequency and use of entails Part IV. Barring the Enforcement Entails other than by Common Recovery: 9. The doctrine of assets by descent 10. The doctrine of collateral warranty 11. Barring entails by judgment Part V. The Origin and Development of the Common Recovery: 12. The origin and growth of common recoveries 13. Development of procedure and doctrine 14. The double voucher recovery Part VI. The Common Recovery in Operation: 15. The uses of recoveries 16. Social acceptance of the common recovery Appendix to Part VI Bibliography Subject and selected persons index Index to persons and places in appendix to Part VI.


ADL/C++ is a specification language for associating behavior specifications as post-conditions with C++ (function) declarations. The language includes a clean subset of the C++ expression language and the semantics is relatively simple and informal. Most of the important features of C++ like member functions, virtual members, constructors, inheritance and exceptions can be specified in ADL/C++. In addition to being semi-formal documentation, ADL/C++ specifications can also be used for testing C++ implementations. We developed a method for validating tests of C++ implementations using ADL/C++ specifications.


A new optical instrument for the study of ocean waves, the Reflective Stereo Slope Gauge, has been developed. Its purpose is to measure ocean wave field parameters that are crucial to the air–sea exchange of momentum, heat and gases. The instrument combines a statistical wave slope measurement method similar to Cox and Munk's sun glitter technique with a dedicated stereo camera and associated illumination setup for direct wave height measurements. The instrument output was validated under controlled conditions in a wind-wave facility.


The user transmits a request signal for music delivery to the broadcast station 70 by using the mobile station 10 to the delivery management server 60. This request signal, includes a transfer receive transfer magazine address and the desired music piece ID of the music to. Delivery management server 60 when song receives the request signal unpopular music data and for transferring a decryption key to the mobile station 10 or the STB (40) for decoding it, On the other hand, when a popular song has only a decryption key for the mobile station (10 ) or returns to the STB (40). The mobile station 10 or the STB (40) is supplied from the case unpopular song, the delivery management server 60 to the music data decrypted by its decryption key other hand, when a popular song, the broadcasting station the music data 70 is received from the broadcast reception wave and is decoded by the decryption key it received from the delivery management server 60.


Recently, a gain of function variant C1858T of the lymphoid‐specific protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor (LYP, PTPN22) gene has been reported to be associated with several autoimmune disorders including Graves' disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and vitiligo. The present study was carried out in 80 patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH) [43 males and 37 females, mean ± SD age and duration of symptoms 32.5 ± 14.1 years and 6.7 ± 7.2 years (range 1 day to 35 years), respectively] and 193 healthy controls (male : female ratio 91:102, mean ± SD age, 43.1 ± 11.6 years) to assess association of 1858T allele with the disease. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to genotype C1858T variant. The frequency of occurrence of 1858T allele was 4/160 (2.5%) in SIH and 5/386 (1.3%) in the control alleles (odds ratio 1.95, 95% CI 0.51–7.37). Thus, the present study reveals that 1858T allele is rare (1.3%) in Asian Indians. The trend of higher prevalence of 1858T allele in patients with SIH needs to be studied further in other population with higher rate of the allele to support the autoimmune basis of the disease.


This paper presents the procedures used to develop a strategy to mitigate flooding in the Bayou Henderson watershed in Ascension Parish, Louisiana. The Bayou Henderson Watershed includes the town of Galvez, Louisiana, and has an area of approximately 3600 hectare. A little more than one-third of the watershed is developed, while the remainder is open or forested areas. The watershed includes agriculture/pastureland, residential, open space and some commercial areas. A map of the Bayou Henderson watershed showing the stream network and land use are provided in Figure 1 . The main stem of Bayou Henderson is approximately 10 kilometers in length. It flows southeast until it crosses Henderson Bayou Road. From there, Bayou Henderson flows northeast until it discharges into the Amite River. Bayou Henderson has several major tributaries which drain the urbanized areas in the western part of the watershed. The elevation of the Bayou Henderson channel ranges from about one meter below sea level near its confluence with the Amite River to approximately 6 meters above sea level at the upstream most reaches on the Marty Burratt drainage ditch. The entire Bayou Henderson watershed is located within the Mississippi River 500-year floodplain. In additional, a large area of the Bayou Henderson Watershed is affected by backwater from the Amite River and is included within the Amite River 100-year floodplain. Two types of flooding affect residences and businesses in Henderson Bayou. The first of these is local flooding, which results from heavy rainfall in the immediate drainage area of the Bayou and its tributaries. This type of flooding has worsened in recent years because of increased paved area and floodplain encroachment. The second type of flooding is known as backwater flooding or tailwater flooding. It is caused by flood flow and high water in the Amite River, which then restricts the discharge of Bayou Henderson. These two types of flooding are generally considered to be independent, meaning the underlying causes are not correlated. Therefore, local flooding and backwater flooding can occur individually or jointly from time to time.


[Objective] To make a microscopic identification of medicinal material of Herba Rabdosiae Serrae (HRS) from different plant resources. [Methods] The dry leaves of the whole, the middle part and the upper-middle part from the plants of Isodon serra (Maxim.) Kudo, Isodon striatus (Benth.) Kudo, Isodon lophanthoides var. geradianus (Benth.) Hara, and Isodon lophanthoides Hara var. graciliflorus (Benth.) Hara were sliced by different methods. Structure of leaf epidermis, the transverse section of leaf and structure of leaf powder were observed under light microscope. [Results] There existed differences in epidermal cells, stomata distribution, nonglandular hair, glandular hair, small glandular hair and glandular scale of leaf epidermis from four kinds of medicinal plants of Herba Rabdosiae Serrae . And there also existed differences in epidermal cells, anticlinal wall and external-section wall of epidermal cells, nonglandular hair, glandular hair, glandular scale, stomata distribution, mesophyll, main vessels, and vascular bundle of leaf transverse section, as well as in epidermal cells, stomata distribution, glandular scale, nonglandular hair, glandular hair and ducts of leaf powder from four kinds of medicinal plants of Herba Rabdosiae Serrae. [Conclusion] Medicinal plants of different kinds of Herba Rabdosiae Serrae have different microscopic identification structure in leaf epidermis, leaf transverse section and leaf powder.


Legumes are one of the main protein sources for human beings and animals. Bean by 2025% protein, 55 -56% carbohydrates and 1-5% lipid plays a basic rule in the nutrition of poor nations. So the increase of yield and quality of bean can be an efficient way for reduction of protein loss in the developing countries. One of the efficient factors in reduction of bean yield and quality in the calcareous soils is lack of iron. High reaction and lime amount and extra bicarbonate of calcareous soils cause leaves chlorosis which reduces growth, yield and quality of bean. In the calcareous soils, absorption of less application elements especially iron in the majority of agricultural products in the bean farming which is sensitive to iron lack encountered with difficulty and its lack is clearly observable. According to farming observations, various type of bean have different potentials from the yield view spotted and there is probability that they have different reaction towards the iron lack, so it is necessary to study in this ground in order to determine the reaction of these figures to iron in various fertilizers. In this regard and in order to improve, bean products quality and increase the yield level of this product to the most probable level, it is necessary to investigate the effect of sources fertilizer methods (soil consumesparing) on the yield and the quality of this product. In order to inspect the number, sources and various methods of iron fertilizer consuming on micro elements and chemical compound, variants kinds of spotted bean in a limy soil, a green hones trial by 44 treatments and 3 iterates it erases in the factorial form and in the form of complete incidental sign in the zanjan agriculture university of Iran were implemented. In this testing, the consumption of sulphoric acid in watering (2 g/L ),4 g/L) , soil application of Ferrous sulfate (25 mg/ in each kilogram soli), 50 mg/ in each kilogram soli) , soil application of FeEDTA(3 mg/ in each kilogram soli), 6 mg/ in each kilogram soli) , spraying Ferrous sulfate by density of 2 and 4 g/ L and spraying FeEDTA by density of 1 and 2 g/ L are considered as iron treatments. By the way an evidence cure is also performed on four types of the spotted bean including Talash, khomein, COS 16 and Local. The result of analysis of the data variance Clemton started that the types Talash and khomein were superior to other kinds from the yield of the seed weight of 100 seeds, numbers of the seeds in the sheath viewpoint. The Local and Talash beans were preferred to other kinds. The treatment of sulphoric acid application in irrigation water (4 g/L) has the higher level of average compared to other treatments of iron. The treatment of sulphoric acid application in irrigation water causes the increase of manganese, zinc and copper of the leaves in the spotted bean types.


Naval heritage is of global significance, enhanced by its association with waterfront revitalisation, its established literary/institutional framework and its postcolonial connotations. This paper reviews its background and its significance for the worldwide chain of (ex-)naval bases which formerly bound the British Empire, with particular reference to its use for heritage tourism in Bermuda, Malta and Gibraltar and possible wider potential for this. Australian naval heritage is considered in this context and in its subsequent postcolonial evolution; Australian geographers are prompted to give their more informed consideration to its significance, not least for national identity.


The aim of this research was to identify and file Informant Consensus Factor of Medicinal Plants used as remedy in District Dir lower Northern Pakistan. Ethno medicinal information was achieved through semi structured interviewees and group discussions. The inhabitants use 52 medicinal plant species from 33 families for different health disorders. Family Lamiaceae (11.53%) was the most leading family. The mode of herbal formulation was mostly observed as crushed (38.46%) and decoction (30.76%). High fic value were observed for diuretic (0.96) and high FL value (100) for Olea ferruginea. DMR results showed high rank for Olea ferruginea (23). Among 51 informants male were (72.54%) and female (27.45%). Herbs were observed (69.23%), Shrubs (17.30%), trees (13.46%) and parts used as whole plant (53.84%), fruit (13.46%), seeds (11.53%), leaves (9.61%), bark (5.76%), roots (3.84%) and gum (1.92%). Medicinal flora was observed at the edge of extinction due to over grazing and unwise harvesting which needs proper protection. Furthermore, the study conducted to identify the most important medicinal plant species for further pharmacological activities


Interference between fully-independent faint laser sources over two 8.5-km full polarization-controlled fiber links was performed, with stable visibility of 47.8%, an essential step towards practical implementation of quantum communication protocols.


Interpersonal deception, issue acceptance, privacy and control of information, and relationship building are key challenges people face each day in their quests to communicate effectively. Conquering these challenges is important in achieving shared understanding and making interactions flow smoothly and contain feedback and communication adjustments. Uncertainty is a risk to effective communication, so this chapter offers methods to adjust behaviors, solve problems, and build trust to create and nurture communicative relationships. The literature addresses the various ways that communicators have attempted to achieve success over the years. This is followed by an explanation of the key challenges and how to address them. A flexible, full-cycle examination indicates ways to energize effective communication in both face-to-face and online interactions.


Effects of corticosteroids on the alterations of serum GOT and GPT activities were studied on patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. 1. After the corticosteroid therapy, serum GOT and GPT activities were not elevated in 60.0% of the cases of acute hepatitis. On the other hand, in chronic hepatitis with inflammation at the portal triads, precirrhosis and cirrhosis of the liver, the percentage of the cases showing the activity elevation was 88.4%, 75.0% and 68.0%, respectively. Almost all cases of chronic hepatitis, in which degeneration of the liver cells or scar in the portal triads was the principal histological changes, showed no elevation of serum GOT and GPT activities during or after the corticosteroid treatment. 2. The time of the maximum elevation of serum GOT and GPT activities after the corti-costeroid therapy was the earliest in acute hepatitis, later in chronic hepatits and the latest in cirrhosis of the liver. 3. There was some relationship between the elevation of serum GOT, GPT activities and subjective symptoms of patients. The activity elevation had the closest relationship with jaundice in cirrhosis of the liver. 4. After the corticosteroid therapy, a single-peak rise of serum GOT and GPT activities was observed in acute hepatitis, while the cases of chronic hepatitis with inflammation at the portal triads often showed a fluctuation of the activities. The cases of chronic hepatitis, in which degeneration of the liver cells or scar in the portal triads was the principal histological changes, exhibited no elevation of the serum GOT and GPT activities after the treatment. In cirrhosis of the liver, several cases with constant values of serum GOT and GPT activities before the corticosteroid therapy exhibited a single-peak elevation or a fluctuation of the activities after the treatment. The altered values, moreover, did not easily decrease to the normal levels. 5. Catabolic hormone of protein, used in addition to corticosteroids, could not preclude the elevation of serum GOT and GPT activities. 6. In patients without hepatic diseases, corticosteroids did not appear to modify the serum GOT and GPT activities. 7. The GOT and GPT activities in the tissue homogenates of the liver were lowered when the activities in serum were elevated after the corticosteroid therapy. 8. In the cases where the activity elevation was observed at the earlier stage after the commen ement of the corticosteroid therapy, the inflammatory changes of the liver were stronger than in those with the later elevation of serum GOT and GPT activities. 9. Therefore, it may be reasonable to infer that there is a close relationship between a factor or factors of the chronification of hepatitis and the effects of corticosteroids on serum GOT and GPT activities. 10. Differences of the compounds of corticosteroids did not produce any significant changes in the effects on serum GOT and GPT activities.


Electrical actuators are equipments for the conversion of electrical energy and signals into mechanical forces and movements. Sensors - used in connection with these actuators - are devices for the conversion of electromagnetic or mechanical units into electromagnetic signals. Both - actuators and sensors - become so intensively integrated, that the behaviour of electrical actuators is defined by the kind of sensor-controlling (and no more by its construction). Further trends are tried to be quantified by technical development curves versus the time, the trends to higher actuator speed and its limits, to intensive cooling and high-temperature superconductivity as well as to further permanent-magnet materials and last not least to intelligent electrical actuator systems.


resonance spectra (Previato et al., 1979, loc. cit.). The pmr spectrum contains and 1H signal at 6 5.51, consistent with a (1 -2)-linked f-D-mannopyranan (Fig. 1A). The size of minor signals in the '3C-spectrum at 101.03 (C-1 of nonreducing end-unit), 99.32 (C-1 of r-reducing end), and 93.87 (C-1 of a-reducing end) (MendoncaPreviato et al., 1979, loc. cit.), relative to the main C-1 signal at 6 102.95 (Fig. 1B), indicated a mannan chain-length of 27 ? 7 units [molecular weight (Mr) 5,000 + 1,200] (Fig. IB). Also it was excluded from a Bio-Gel P-4 column and included in a Bio-Gel P10 column, indicating a Mr of 4,000 to 10,000. Originally, only clinical appearance was used as a basis of classification of species of Leishmania. In 1972 Lainson and Shaw (loc. cit.) proposed additional parameters such as rate of growth in culture or in experimental animals, geographical distribution, and epidemiological patterns. Recently, Chance (1979, Brit. Soc. Parasit. Symposia 17: 55-74) summarized methods for identification of Leishmania spp. based on morphology, DNA sequencing, buoyant density studies on DNA, DNA-RNA hybridization, and macromolecule characterization based on enzyme electrophoretic data. To explain the phylogenetic history of all genera of the suborder Trypanosomatina, Wallace (1966, loc. cit.) suggested that Leishmania, without an undulating membrane and with the reservoir external opening at the anterior tip, may have given rise to Leptomonas, Herpetomonas and Crithidia, whereas Trypanosoma, with an undulating membrane and a lateral reservoir, may be the ancestor of Blastocrithidia and Rhynchoidomonas. There is now increasing evidence that cell polysaccharides may be used in studies on phylogeny of protozoa because a (1 2)-linked 3-D-mannopyranan has been found in cells of C. deanei (Previato et al., 1979, loc. cit.), C. fasciculata (Gorin et al., 1979, loc. lit.), C. harmosa and C. luciliae (Previato et al., 1982, loc. cit.), and H. samuelpessoai (Mendonga-Previato et al., 1979, loc. cit.) but not in those from T. cruzi (Gorin et al., 1981, loc. cit.). The presence of the f3-(1 -2)-linked f3-D-mannopyranan in L. mexicana amazonensis, characterized in this work, gives further support to the phylogenetic diagram proposed by Wallace (1966, loc. cit.). This investigation received financial support from the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnolo6gico (CNPq); Conselho de Ensino e Pesquisa da UFRJ (CEPG); and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP).


This paper explores the potential of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the determination of Au, Ir, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru in NiS buttons obtained by fire assay of platiniferous ores using a new type of ICP-MS instrument equipped with an array detector Mattauch–Herzog spectrometer. The method evaluated comprises the NiS fire assay of a representative amount of the ore sample (40–75 g), grinding of the NiS buttons subsequently obtained, pelleting of the resulting powders using polyethylene wax as a binder, and LA-ICP-MS analysis of the sample using in-house matrix-matched standards for calibration. The use of this new ICP-MS device proved very beneficial in this context, offering a remarkable level of precision (2–3% RSD for the most abundant analytes, Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru, and 6–11% RSD for Au and Ir) owing to its simultaneous capabilities and its extended linear range, which enabled an improved performance of the internal standard (61Ni). Moreover, the low level of argide-based interferences and the detection power of the instrument provided low limits of detection (10 ng g−1 level) even for those elements that could be potentially affected by ArNi+ and ArCu+ overlap in this particular matrix (Pd, Rh, Ru). The accuracy finally obtained (90% of results within 10% of the reference value, and 70% of results within 5%) is fit-for-purpose for this application. The resulting method can be thus considered very attractive as a faster and greener strategy for the control of these types of samples in the platinum group metal industry, circumventing the need for the cumbersome and environmentally unfriendly digestion procedures currently employed.


Premature thelarche is considered to be isolated breast development without any other clinical signs of sexual maturation. Although its pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated, the episodic secretion of estrogen has frequently been reported as its etiology (1-4). However, the possible influence of estrogen secretion on height growth in such patients has not been reported, and in recent reports (5, 6), it was defined normal. To evaluate whether height velocity of premature thelarche is accelerated or not, we retrospectively examined girls with


Correction for 'Solubilities in aqueous nitrate solutions that appear to reverse the law of mass action' by Jacob G. Reynolds et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 21407-21418, DOI: 10.1039/D1CP03124D.


This paper proposes Variability-Aware Approximate Computing (V-AC) for TaOx ReRAM storage at data centers. For the first time, this paper shows that application-induced variability degrades the performance. To solve this problem, V-AC utilizes error resilience of machine learning (ML) application and reduces bit-error rate (BER) of typical cells by removing extra data copy and enlarging BER difference among cells. By combining device measurement and system emulations, this paper realizes system, circuit and device codesign (SCDCD). V-AC is key enabling technology to push the limits of performance, power, chip size and scaling of ReRAM for ML. Performance, energy and cell area of ReRAM storage improves by 7.0 times, 90% and 8.5%, respectively.


Detailed analysis of reactive multiphase flows is still challenging due to the complex linked transport processes. Until now, there is no reliable and reproducible experimental method for gas-liquid flows, which enables the local measurement of dissolved species concentrations of educts, products, and side products at well-defined and reproducible hydrodynamic conditions. A vertically arranged glass channel is used to capture gas bubbles with well-defined wake structures. The hydrodynamic conditions in the wake can be predicted by dimensionless numbers and adapted for most industrially relevant systems. An experimental apparatus is presented for the investigation of the interdependency between hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and chemical reaction. The applicability of the setup is demonstrated with a chemical test system that shows a strong color shift from colorless to blue when the gas-liquid reaction takes place.


Fishes and newts may play similar roles at the same trophic level in freshwater lakes and ponds. Although a great deal is known about the predatory and competitive impact of fish on most freshwater groups, very little is known about fish-newt interactions. In the present work we have studied the influence of a fish population on the distribution and structure of a Triturus vulgaris population. The roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), in a small forest lake were eliminated experimentally and were reintroduced after six years. Newts appeared in the lake and showed a rapid population increase after the elimination of fish. After the reintroduction offish, the recruitment of young newts virtually ceased and the population decreased. The most probable explanation is that fish prey upon newt larvae, this being supported by our field and laboratory results. Access to water bodies without significant predators and competitors is thus of vital importance for newt populations.


This paper focuses on real-time management of a delayed delivery vehicle. The vehicle's initial routing plan is modified to minimise the adverse impact of the delay by selecting the clients to serve and the clients for whom to defer delivery. This single vehicle re-planning problem is modelled based on the formulation of the well-known Orienteering Problem (OP). A novel approach is proposed to provide an efficient, near-optimal solution. This approach decomposes the problem into smaller sub-problems, taking advantage of the geographical distribution of clients into clusters (neighbourhoods and/or suburbs). The available vehicle time is distributed to each cluster by solving a non-linear optimisation problem. Within each cluster, an established OP heuristic is used to determine the clients to be served and the vehicle route. The proposed approach has been applied to large test cases, as well as to problem instances from actual distribution networks. The results indicate that in terms of solution quality the proposed method outperforms the methods used to solve the monolithic problem. Furthermore, the method is, in general, more efficient, especially in cases involving a large number of clients. Finally, computational times are short, indicating the suitability of the method for real-time applications.


Improvement of environment and soil fertility through utilization of compost produced from household organic solid waste is effective and agroforestry system is an effective technology to increase the production per unit of area. For this reason, a research was conducted to evaluate the performance of household solid waste compost on growth and yield performance of tomato in agroforestry system at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2020 to June 2021. The experiment was conducted with five treatments viz. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 as recommended dose of fertilizer, 10 ton/ha, 15 ton/ha, 20 ton/ha and 25 ton/ha household solid waste compost, respectively which were arranged by Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Moringa tree was used as tree species and BARI Tomato-2 was planted under moringa tree. The household solid waste compost showed effects on growth and yield performance of tomato compared to recommended dose. T3, T4 and T5 showed significant effects on 80% flowering (DAT), fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, fruit number per plant, weight of individual fruit, fruit weight per plant, fruit yield per hectare compared T1 (RDF) but T2 (10 ton/ha) decreased significantly compared to RDF (T1). Among those three treatments (T3, T4 and T5), T5 showed significant effects on fresh and dry weight of tomato plants, fruit number per plant, weight per fruit, total fruit weight per plant and fruit yield per hectare than T3 and T4. So, T5 (25 ton/ha) showed optimum yield of tomato in agroforestry system compared to recommended dose and other doses.


It is a general view that traditional logic is expressed in natural language and modern logic in formal one, which indicates that modern logic can not solve problems in natural language, while the traditional logic can. This is wrong. The primary difference between traditional logic and modern logic lies, on the surface, in their expressive forms, but in fact, in their syntax and semantics: the former is of the subject-predicate structure, while the latter of predicate structure. As a result, modern logic provides interpretations for natural language different from and better than that of traditional logic.


PurposeEmploying cognitive dissonance theory, this study examines how consumers' preexisting attitudes toward an issue, value involvement with the issue and consumer-company identification (CCI) influence their reactions to corporate social advocacy (CSA) through cognitive dissonance.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 conducted a 2 (CSA position: pro vs anti) × 3 (preexisting issue attitude: pro vs neutral vs anti) online quasi-experiment. The CSA messages were created in the context of same-sex marriage(s). Study 2 tested the hypotheses using an online survey in the context of gun control.FindingsThe results indicated that a conflict between consumers' preexisting attitudes and a corporation's stance on a controversial issue led to cognitive dissonance, which further led to consumers' perceptions of the corporation being biased in both studies. Study 1 and Study 2 suggested a mixed effect of cognitive dissonance on participants' inclination to disidentify with the corporation. Preexisting CCI appeared to have a direct negative influence on cognitive dissonance; however, value involvement and preexisting CCI were not found to significantly enhance the influence of consumers' attitudes toward CSA on cognitive dissonance.Originality/valueThe study first extended the theoretical discussion of cognitive dissonance to a trendy strategic communication context. The results help public relations practitioners to better understand the segmented public groups and the risk of taking a stance on controversial issues.


Objective To improve MRI operation efficiency by analysis of operation data.Methods The data of MRI operation efficiency was counted from January 2010 to January 2011.Results MRI receipted over 23 persons everyday expect during Spring Festival period,and most persons were receipted during 2:00p.m to 3:00p.m.The head coil,body coil and spine coil were used more often than other coils.Conclusion Efficiency is improved by optimizing process and strengthening maintenance.


It is well known that a D-string ending on a D3, D5 or D7 brane is described in terms of a non-commutative fuzzy funnel geometry. In this article, we give a numerical study of the fluctuations about this leading geometry. This allows us to investigate issues related to the stability and moduli space of these solutions. We comment on the comparison to the linearized fluctuations in supergravity.


In present work, porous silicon surfaces (PSS) have been developed for time of flight mass spectrometric experiments (TOF-MS) in the monitoring of nucleotides, commonly found as metabolites in the cell. The mass range of the studied molecules (∼ 400 amu) is common to several important messengers and other metabolites. Different porosified surfaces have been developed by means of electrochemical etching and different degree of porosity and pore size achieved as function of silicon dopant concentration, silicon resistivity, current density and the presence or absence of illumination along the process. As main conclusion, it can be said that an interesting commercial nucleotide (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, c-AMP) has been detected on low concentrations (∼hundreds of femtomols) for some of the fabricated porous surfaces. Taking into account that these concentrations are similar to the ones found in real samples, this result opens the possibility to the fabrication of DIOS (Desorption Ionization On Silicon) chips for the detection of nucleotides in biological fluids. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Summary

There is increasing evidence that the Earth's mantle is laterally heterogeneous on a broad range of scales, but the character of smaller-scale heterogeneity has to be deduced indirectly. The aim of the present paper is to examine the influence of a variety of stochastic representations of heterogeneity on seismic wave behaviour to help constrain the nature of the variations in seismic properties in the upper mantle. For each of the models, the seismic wavefield is simulated using a pseudospectral method in a 2-D cylindrical coordinate system. The presence of stochastic heterogeneity is particularly important for those parts of the seismic wavefield where a significant portion of the propagation path in the upper mantle is close to horizontal, such as the PP and SS phases, and fundamental-mode and higher-mode surface waves. The effects are noticeable traveltime anomalies and waveform changes for the body waves (particularly associated with phase triplications), and significant phase shifts for Rayleigh waves. A variety of styles of stochastic heterogeneity models are compared for the same source and station configurations using wavefield snapshots and the character of the calculated seismograms. The influence of heterogeneity on body waves and on longer-period Rayleigh waves increases as the scale length increases compared to the wavelength of the seismic waves. The aspect ratio of the heterogeneity has a pronounced effect on the coherence and amplitude of traveltime fluctuations and waveform changes across stations at the surface, which depend on the structures encountered along the propagation paths to the specific receivers. The effect of nearly isotropic heterogeneity is to induce small, short-scale variations in traveltime fluctuations and waveform changes. As the heterogeneity becomes more 'plate-like' the fluctuations are on a broader scale and of larger amplitude because the individual patches of heterogeneity have a stronger influence. The effects of broad-scale and stochastic heterogeneity are compared for a model built from a slice through a tomographic model derived from delay-time inversion for the Himalayan region. As would be expected the influence of the deterministic heterogeneity derived from the tomography study has the result of introducing systematic traveltime variations for body waves and noticeable phase shifts for surface waves when compared with the results for the background reference model. The addition of a moderate level of small-scale stochastic heterogeneity, which could not be resolved in the tomography study, has a limited effect on the seismic wavefield at longer periods but is much more significant for periods of less than 4 s when the heterogeneity scale is of the order of 40 km.


This chapter is an introduction to language and linguistic concepts from the viewpoints of North America. It sets the historical stage for the development of Canadian English from about 1900 to the present. Couched in the ascension of English as the predominant world language, the chapter sketches the influences on Canadian English via immigration and language and dialect contact throughout history. It introduces the six protagonists of the book, the "Big Six", who, shortly after World War II, embarked on a campaign to define, codify, and create the notion of Canadian English as a variety on a par with American and British English. Special emphasis is given to changing linguistic attitudes towards the English used in Canada, from the 1850s to the present. Basic concepts from the fields of dialectology, sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, and World Englishes are explained and illustrated for the non-specialist reader.


Two-band model calculations are presented which describe the 01+ and 02+ levels of the platinum isotopes as linear combinations of pure states with definite deformation-near-spherical and a deformed one, the latter becoming the ground configuration near the neutron-mid shell. The mixing amplitudes between the spherical and deformed configurations and the corresponding mixing matrix elements have been derived. A comparison of the calculations with the experimental data is presented.


The rolling process for X100 pipeline steel was simulated on Gleeble-1500D thermo-mechanical simulator.The microstructure and property of the steel were studied by OM,SEM and micro-hardness tester.The results show that the microstructure of the steel is mainly composed of granular bainite and lower bainite with a little acicular ferrite.Decreasing the reduction of the finish rolling,final cooling temperature or relaxation time,bainite content in the microstructure of the steel increases and the microhardness rises.The high-microhardness(300 HV) and strength(■700 MPa) are obtained by fining granular bainite.It is feasible to obtain the strength of X100 pipeline steel by controlling the grain bainite.


The invention relates to a method for measuring a gas concentration by at least one thermal sensing element, in which obtained from the evaluation of the response of the measuring element to at least one pulse, a measurement value of gas concentration in the environment of the measuring element which is operated in pulsed mode, by supplying electric over accessible metrics transient states of the thermal measuring element are determined during the impressed pulse from which can be derived the measured value of the gas concentration in the vicinity of the measuring element.


On the background of multiplex social conflicts and constructuring harmonious society,and reviewing the theory of harmonious management,the paper has constructed a harmonious mechanism based on mental preference and behavior patterns for the brainowners.It is indicated that there is a certain hysteresis in the change of mental preference and behavior patterns of them.Harmonious management means to construct and realize a certain mental preference and behaved patterns.To construct a socilalist harmonious society,it is needed to achieve the mental preference and behavior patterns of brainowners with the people as the key role.


7517 Background: Genomic profiling of SqCC in TCGA identified somatic alterations that activate the NRF2 transcriptional program – a master regulator of the oxidative stress response – in ~35% of t...


Microwaves are tested as a new treatment for human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cutaneous warts in a pilot phase I open label uncontrolled study. Microwaves have been applied to thermally ablate inoperable liver tumours, but have not previously been used on the skin [1]. In this issue of the European Journal of Dermatology, Bristow et al. present a study of 32 adult volunteers who were recruited with 54 refractory plantar warts, present for more than a year, with at least two failed treatments. [...]


Elizabeth Campbell from Knaresborough has set-up a support group for adults with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) SLI can cause significant ...


In 1998 EU Member States adopted a wide range of sanctions against Serbia just before the war of Kosovo. This article shows that the sanctions negotiation process brought together actors which were involve into two different social sectors ("High politics" and "External Economic Relations"). In each sector the position, interests, perceptions of stakes of the same actors were quite different. The result was that the EU adopted at the same time though sanctions (in the political framing process) and weak sanctions (in the economical framing process).


Two important aspects of the formation mechanism of the metastable defect specific to boron-doped Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) are investigated in detail. In the first part of the paper the impact of boron and oxygen on the defect formation process is investigated. Lifetime measurements performed on a large number of different silicon materials yield a quadratic dependence of the light-induced metastable defect concentration N/sub t/* on the interstitial oxygen concentration [O/sub i/] for samples with oxygen concentrations greater than 4/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ while for samples with lower oxygen concentrations the dependence is found to be almost linear. All samples show a linear dependence of N/sub t/* on the substitutional boron concentration. The second part of the paper is devoted to the fast performance loss at the beginning of the degradation process. A thorough analysis of temperature-dependent measurements of the degradation of the open-circuit voltage of Cz-Si solar cells during illumination reveals a two-step mechanism. While the time constant of the fast initial degradation is found to be independent of temperature, an activation energy of 0.37 eV is determined for the slower degradation process.


A new laser photochemical reaction for etching of molybdenum has been applied to the in situ tuning of coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures used in millimeter wave integrated circuits. Tests on structures operating at 33 GHz have confirmed low insertion losses and demonstrated an improvement in set accuracy by a factor of 10-30 relative to previously developed strip or solder tuners.


Objective To provide evidences for disposing, introducing and training personnel rationally through manpower resources analysis. Method The personal data in detail provided by personnel division of Anhui CDC were analyzed with Excel ware. Results There were 257 staff in total. Of them, 211 were professional technical personnel with a percentage 82.1%. 40.8% academic background was above bachelor. The percentage of staff with Master degree was lower than that of other provincial or municipal CDCs, but the percentage of staff with senior technical title was 24.5 percent, higher than average national level. Administrators at center level and intermediate level in the unit had higher academic degree and technical title. However, there were not any obvious advantages in major disciplines. Conclusions The structure of personnel was primarily reasonable in Anhui CDC, but personnel with advanced educational background and personnel cultivation should be paid attention to. Meanwhile, we suggest to improve configuration of manpower resources in the key subjects.


Achievement of ultra-high fidelity signature modeling of targets requires a significant level of complexity for all of the components required in the rendering process. Specifically, the reflectance of the surface must be described using the bi-directional distribution function (BRDF). In addition, the spatial representation of the background must be high fidelity. A methodology and corresponding model for spectral and band rendering of targets using both isotropic and anisotropic BRDFs is presented. In addition, a set of tools will be described for generating theoretical anisotropic BRDFs and for reducing data required for a description of an anisotropic BRDF by 5 orders of magnitude. This methodology is hybrid using a spectrally measured panoramic of the background mapped to a large hemisphere. Both radiosity and ray-tracing approaches are incorporated simultaneously for a robust solution. In the thermal domain the spectral emission is also included in the solution. Rendering examples using several BRDFs will be presented.


Assaults rise against NHS staff: Last year saw a 6% rise in the number of reported assaults on NHS staff in 341 trusts in England, from 59 744 in 2011-12 to 63 199 in 2012-13, NHS Protect has reported. The number of criminal sanctions arising from reported assaults rose by 201 (16%), from 1257 to 1458. Admissions rise for drug related mental illness: Three times as many men as women (4820 and 1730) were admitted to hospital in England with a primary diagnosis of a drug related mental and behavioural disorder in 2012-13, show new figures from the NHS Health and Social Care Information Centre. Last year there was a 5% rise in overall admissions (6550) for drug-related mental health and behavioural disorders to 6550, from 6230 in 2011-12, though this was 15% less than in 2002-3 (7690). Belgium considers extension to euthanasia law: A Belgian Senate committee has voted 13 to four to extend the right to request euthanasia to children with terminal illnesses and adults with dementia. In November 16 paediatricians wrote an open letter in two national newspapers demanding an extension of the practice. The bill will now be introduced in the Senate, where it will be debated, and if it is voted in it will transfer to the House of Representatives, where it would need to be approved before being signed into law. Flu vaccine uptake is highest among over 65s: Nearly half (44%) of people aged under 65 in England in at-risk groups had received the 2013-14 flu vaccine by 24 November. Two thirds (67%) of people aged over 65 and a third (34%) of pregnant women had been vaccinated. Among 2-3 year olds, who were eligible for the vaccine for the first time, uptake rates were around a third. More hospitals are linked to Savile investigation: A further 19 hospitals in England are to be investigated over their links to allegations of sexual abuse by Jimmy Savile, bringing the total number of hospitals under scrutiny to 32. Some of the hospitals may have closed, in which case the evidence relating to the alleged abuse has been passed onto the legacy organisations, said the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt. Reports of the investigations are due by June 2014 or earlier if possible. Polio spreads in Syria:The number of confirmed cases of polio in Syria has reached 17, and the disease has spread from the eastern Deir al-Zor province (15 cases) to the region around the capital Damascus (one case) and to Aleppo (one case) since it was first reported in early November. Polio had been eradicated in the Middle East, but with the mass movement of people fleeing violence in Syria theWorld Health Organization expects the disease to spread and is coordinating a campaign to vaccinate 27million children under 5 in Syria and neighbouring countries.


Several epidemiologic strategies may be used to monitor and detect adverse reactions due to ingestion of a pill or use of a contraceptive. Too often much research is expended on a product before it reaches the market and not enough afterwards. English physicians gethered information on the effects of the birth control pill much faster than U.S. physicians because the record keeping system provided more data. Some of the strategies for testing adverse effects are the controlled clinical trial cohort studies case control studies routine case-control surveillance surveillance systems in ambulatory care settings congenital malformation of subjects needed in choosing between a cohort and case-control strategy. For both studies the sample size depends upon the lowest relative risk that the investigators consider important to detect as well as the chosen error rates. More observations are needed to detect a smaller increase in risk. The sample size for a case-control study depends upon the rate of exposure to the suspected drug during the period of interest in nondiseased individuals; the sample size increases as the exposure rate decreases. A larger sample is needed to detect increased risk of disease associated with exposure in particular subgroups of the target population.


The fluid treatment system (10) includes at least one flowthrough tank (12), to process the at least one fluid out of the fluid treated to untreated fluids, the processed fluid the at least one flow- configured processor to supply the tank (12) and (16), at least one detector configured to detect the quality of the fluid at least one flow-tank (12) and (24) consisting of. Detection device (24) determines that the is at least one water running water tank (12) equivalent to it or or less than a predetermined water quality threshold, which is processed to at least one flowthrough tank (12) fluid It is connected to the processing unit (16) supplies. .FIELD 1


to an intelligent management program. As yet few detailed studies of our common game and pan fishes have been made. This is true of the chain pickerel as only fragmentary information is available on many phases of its life history. Most studies of the food of this form are based on analyses of a few specimens from a given locality. A good summary of the literature on the food of Esox niger was presented by Adams and Hankinson (1928: 394). More recently Hunter and Rankin (1939: 194) have compiled some of the published information on three species of Esox (niger, americanus, and lucius). They also presented the results of additional studies on the food of 30 specimens of Esox niger and Esox americanus; unfortunately comparison with the material here presented is hardly possible since these authors combined the data on the stomach contents of the two species. A good opportunity to study the food and habits of the chain pickerel was had during the summer of 1939 when the writer was a research fellow at the Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve at Rensselaerville, Albany County, New York. The studies were made at Lincoln Pond, a small artificial lake, where little fishing has been permitted for a number of years. It is similar to many weedy, warm ponds of eastern New York and New England. The area is approximately 9 acres and the pond is fed by two small inlet streams which, however, were completely dry during the summer of 1939. An aerial view that shows the salient features of the terrain was presented by Raney (1940: 736). The pond is largely edged by a relatively shallow shelf of silt 10 to 30 feet wide that supports a copious growth of emergent grasses and submerged aquatic plants. The depth of water over this shelf averages about a foot. The remainder of the pond varies in depth up to 11 feet as the maximum. It is very weedy and during late July and August the aquatic plants (mostly Elodea) virtually choke the entire pond. The pond is unusually productive of aquatic insects and other invertebrates as well as of fishes. Although fishes were abundant as individuals, only five species were represented and these were all probably stocked since the dam was replaced some years ago. The fishes present besides the chain pickerel were: (1) Golden shiner (Notemigonus c. drysoleucas); (2) common bullhead (Ameiurus n. nebulosus); (3) yellow perch (Perca flavescens); and (4) common sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). At various times during the summer, collections of young pickerel were made from the grassy shelf around the pond with a 10-foot seine. Large pickerel were taken by angling, by gill nets, and by seining along shore at night with a 6-foot seine. At night the pickerel could be readily found by the aid of a flash-


We discuss the specific features of extracting properties of the exotic polyquark hadrons (tetraquarks, pentaquarks) compared to the usual hadrons by the QCD sum-rule approach. In the case of the ordinary hadrons, already the one-loop leading-order correlation functions provide the bulk of the hadron observables, e.g., of the form factor; inclusion of radiative corrections modifies already nonzero one-loop contributions. In the case of an exotic hadron, the situation is qualitatively different: discussing strong decays of an exotic tetraquark meson, which provide the main contribution to its width, we show that the disconnected leading-order diagrams are not related to the tetraquark properties. For a proper description of the tetraquark decay width, it is mandatory to calculate specific radiative corrections which generate the connected diagrams.


Over the years, the way medical dramas represent health professionals has changed. When the first medical dramas were broadcasted, the main characters were good, peaceful, intelligent, competent, empathic, and successful physicians. One of the most famous, even outside the US, was Marcus Welby M.D. (1969-1976) of David Victor –which this year marks 50 years since its first emission. This depiction began to change in the mid-1990s. While maintaining the over positive image of medical doctors, TV series started to put more emphasis on their negative characteristics and difficulties in their interpersonal relationships, such as ER (TV) by Michael Crichton (United States) and House MD (TV) by David Shore (United States). In these series, physicians were portrayed as arrogant, greedy, and adulterous, and their diagnostic and therapeutic errors were exposed. The last two series are The Good Doctor (TV) by David Shore (United States), with a resident of surgery with autism and Savant syndrome, and The Resident (TV) by Amy Holden Jones, Hayley Schore and Roshan Sethi (United States), where serious institutional problems appear. These series can be useful as a method to discuss medical ethics through positive or negative examples, and also help to represent changes in the image of physicians in recent decades, discussing the reasons for these changes.


ABSTRACT The authors explored the impact of an online tutoring program, Math Whizz (Whizz Education, 2014), on student mathematics achievement at 15 elementary schools. Students participated in the use of the Math Whizz program for the duration of the school year as a supplement to mathematics instruction. The Math Whizz program recorded such information as initial mathematics age, growth in mathematics age, amount of usage, average quiz score, and average test score. Teachers were also surveyed regarding the implementation of the online tutoring platform. In addition, 1 school provided assessment scores from the summative statewide mathematics assessment, which was used as the outcome variable of a multiple regression with variables from the online tutoring program as independent variables. Findings indicated that Math Whizz usage was related to improvement in mathematics achievement as measured by the online tutoring program, teacher survey responses, and the state assessment data.


1. Could we return to a fictional scene? A few years back, writing on the theme of 'global art history', I evoked a hypothetical elderly couple. The man was a retired professor of literature and the woman studied film. They met while she was doing her PhD at the university where he taught. One day she had a dream which recalled a moment from when they started dating - back then, she would go to his lectures once in a while. In her dream, the man, in his thirties, is waving his arms, pontificating in front of a class of sophomores: 'The purpose, the true purpose of literature, of reading novels when you are young, is this: so that they can provide certain images of the world, of life, that will come back and haunt you, if you are so lucky to grow old.'


Potato peel mass is a costream produced in large quantities by the food industry. Its availability and the presence of starch (46%), pectin, and cellulose make it a potential renewable raw material for polymer products. In this study, biopolymer films were produced from potato peel mass and glycerol. High-pressure homogenization (HPH) and HPH combined with heat treatment were investigated as pretreatment technologies before film casting. HPH-treated potato peel mass yielded biopolymer films with similar barrier and mechanical properties as films prepared from pure potato starch, including complete impermeability to grease. Additional heat treatment of the peel mass enhanced starch gelatinization, resulting in improved barrier properties and smoother surface topography of the films. Films with similar appearance and quality were also obtained from starch-free potato peel mass, indicating that potato fiber rich in pectin and cellulose is likewise a suitable material for biopolymer film preparation after HPH treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42862.


Teflon like fluorocarbon thin films have been deposited on silicon and oxide molds as an antistiction layer for the hot embossing process by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The process was performed at gas flow rate of 2 sccm and 30 W of plasma power as a function of substrate temperature. The thickness of film was measured by a spectroscopic ellipsometry. These films were left in a vacuum oven of 100, 200 and for a week. The change of film thickness, contact angle and adhesion and friction force was measured before and after the thermal test. No degradation of film was observed when films were treated at . The heat treatment of films at 200 and caused the reduction of contact angles and film thickness in both silicon and oxide samples. Higher adhesion and friction forces of films were also measured on films treated at higher temperatures than . No differences on film properties were found when films were deposited on either silicon or oxide. A 100 nm silicon template with 1 to patterns was used for the hot embossing process on thick PMMA spun coated silicon wafers. The antistiction layer of 10 nm was deposited on the silicon mold. No stiction or damages were found on PMMA surfaces even after 30 times of hot embossing at and 10 kN.


The present purpose study is to investigate students' knowledge about the attitude of their classmates and the factors that can motivate or inhibit them. Exchange the Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce students in University of Jaffna. The main purpose of the study is to find out how students share the knowledge or information they have received. To reach that purpose the present study involved a quantitative approach by concerning the design of surveys as well as the population. FMC students from University of Jaffna at University of Jaffna. Researcher used specifically The SPSS software version 20.0 had used for the data analysis purposes. Based on this study main finding is that, technology availability and self-efficacy & trust are the major determinants of knowledge sharing behavior among students. And finally some recommendations are given by the author it also give more support and the direction to future work


An approximate one‐dimensional theory is derived for the extensional motion of elastic bars or plates of thin rectangular cross section. The resonant frequencies of extensional vibrations of a thin rectangular plate are obtained for a, range of plate dimensions, and a comparison made with some recent experiments. The theory predicts the frequency plateaus characteristic of the incidence of edge modes, as well as displacements at the edge‐mode frequency that are localized to the corner edges.


Correspondence to: Dr. Yanmin Zhou, Implantology Center, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Tel: 00860431-88796025; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: This study investigated the antibacterial activity and cell adhesion of commercially pure titanium (Ti) surfaces modified by zinc plasma immersion ion implantation (Zn-PIII) treatments for dental implant application. An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, atomic force microscope, and scanning electron microscope were utilized to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of Zn-PIII Ti specimens. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), common oral bacteria which often cause complications in combination with dental implantation, were seeded onto the modified Ti surfaces for 48h in order to study the antibacterial effect of the surface. The attachment and proliferation of murine osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on the Zn-PIII Ti surface were investigated using acridine orange fluorescence staining and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the Zn-PIII treatment influenced the surface topography of the Ti specimens, and that Zn singles on Zn-PIII-treated Ti surfaces increased with increased Zn-implanted time. The numbers of bacteria that adhered to Zn-PIIItreated Ti surfaces were significantly less than for untreated Ti, and gradually decreased with increasing Zn concentration. In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 on Ti were improved by Zn-PIII treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the Zn-PIII modified surface-layer-formed Ti could consequently restrain bacterial adhesion of P. gingivalis, and could enhance the cell proliferation and adhesion to Ti surfaces for dental implant application.


Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide; it affects up to 25%–30% of the global population. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of conditions, ranging from hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Further progression of NAFLD can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. Despite being researched for decades, effective therapeutic drugs for NAFLD remain lacking. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are crucial for life and essential for cellular functions in mammals; however, excessive FFAs contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. A recent study published by Hou et al. [2] suggested that cytoplasmic SIRT6 is involved in NAFLD progression by regulating FFA metabolism.


Before starting an elderly person on a new drug, think what you can stop. This principle is implied in the name of the STOPP/START criteria, the second version of which has just appeared inAge and Ageing (2014, doi:10.1093/ageing/afu145). The 114 criteria were agreed on by 19 experts from 13 European countries, with a view to minimising inappropriate prescribing in older people. Over the water, however, the American Geriatrics Society promotes its own system, known as Beers criteria (Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2012;60:616-31, doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03923.x). Whatever they are called, criteria like these need to be used where most needed—general practices, community pharmacies, and nursing homes. People with bipolar disorder have a three times higher risk of type 2 diabetes than the general population, and a new Canadian study finds that insulin resistance is linked with resistance to lithium treatment (British Journal of Psychiatry 2014, doi:10. 1192/bjp.bp.114.152850). Fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured in 121 adults with bipolar disorder and over half were found to have insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Of these, a third did not respond to lithium compared with 3% of euglycaemic patients. Influenza vaccine prevents medically attended influenza associated acute respiratory illness in people aged 50 years or more, declares a study in the Journal of Infectious Diseases (2014, doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu578). The study enrolled 1189 citizens of Tennessee who sought medical care for acute respiratory illness fromNovember to April during five influenza seasons (2006-12, excluding 2009-10). Just 9.5% of the sample tested positive, and 55% of these had received flu vaccine. So the overall effect of flu vaccination on respiratory infections in the community is small, but the investigators calculated that the vaccine is about 60% effective at preventing laboratory confirmed flu in older people. A population-wide medical record linkage system has allowed investigators to identify everyone living in Denmark aged 40 years or more diagnosed with incident diabetes between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2009. The researchers then identified those who were taking a statin before diagnosis and found that statin taking was associated with a reduced cumulative incidence of retinopathy and neuropathy but not nephropathy (Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology 2014;2:894-900, doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70173-1). In the "broken heart" syndrome or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, first reported in Japan, the heart balloons due to emotional shock but does not actually break. But real cardiac rupture does occur, and trends in the clinical and pathological characteristics of broken hearts after myocardial infarction in Japan over 35 years are described in the Journal of the American Heart Association (2014;3:e000984, doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.000984). Before 1990 the mortality rate was 90%. Now it is 50% and the condition is becoming rarer. Junior doctors have been described as the eyes and ears of the NHS, and the job evaluation survey tool (JEST) is designed to harness their insights to improve services. The 15 item job evaluation questionnaire was drawn up in 2006 and has been extensively road tested by junior doctors of different grades in the West Midlands (BMC Medical Education 2014;14:210, doi:10.1186/1472-6920-14-210). Now it is ready for wider roll-out, and Minerva hopes that many a true word will be spoken in JEST. A trial of azithromycin for trachoma in Ethiopia has been used to test the theory that mass dosing with a specific antibiotic will result in clonal expansion of existing resistant strains of pneumococci. Children aged 1-10 years were given the antibiotic as a single dose every three months for a year to interrupt the transmission of trachoma, and at the same time random non-repeated subsets had nasopharyngeal swabs taken for culture of Streptococcus pneumoniae.The prevalence of clones resistant to azithromycin increased from 5% to 15% of isolates during the study (Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014, doi:10.1093/ infdis/jiu552). If you are a primary care doctor looking for the clinical studies that apply to your patients you can spend all day on Medline trying to identify which studies were done in primary care. But now there is a quick search mechanism you can use, developed by four authors from Toronto and Oxford (Family Practice 2014, doi:10.1093/fampra/cmu066). Say goodbye to primary care search blues. Men's Health is the most popular magazine of its kind worldwide. In a survey of its pages (BMC Public Health 2014;14:1062, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1062) for the year 2009, three authors from Sheffield are duly shocked. "It is overwhelming [sic] clear that magazine content glorified the alpha-male and endorsed hegemonic masculinity through its emphasis on the desirability of muscularity and leanness." Red meat, vitamins, coenzymes, even cabbage and live lobsters are recommended to increase muscles and reduce "girly hormones," which clearly have no place in the lithe, commanding body of the hegemonic male.


This research aims to know misconcepstions of biology educational student in the concepts of marine. It consists of three stages, they are developing the instrument, validating the instrument, and using the developed instrument. The instrument that will be developed is three tier diagnostic test (true or false question) with CRI (certainly of response index). This research is in the second stage which is planned to result in 20 questions items on validating process.


This session had five papers related to different topics in CSR Search. The topics ranged from integration of many knowledge sources within a practical system, to different search algorithms for real-time large vocabulary speech recognition.


The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect that the tooling material, the tool-surface condition, and the cure cycle can have on the spring-in of curved composite laminates. A set of experiments was performed with T800H/3900-2 carbon/epoxy composite C-channels made on aluminum tooling with different surface treatments and cured using both single-hold and double-hold cure cycles. The experiments were also simulated using the composites process modelling software COMPRO. Measurements of flange spring-in on the manufactured C-channels showed that the spring-in varied as much as a factor of two between the different specimens, and that there is a complex interaction between flange spring-in and the tooling material, the tool surface treatment, and the cure cycle. The predictions of flange spring-in from COMPRO was found to be about 20% too high in general, but all the observed trends were accurately predicted.


For the merge requirement of multiple networks and multiple services,research on routers is being evolved from the performance improvements to the improvements of extensibility and reconfiguration ability.This paper made an initial study on the general architecture of network elements which supports open reconfigurations.A framework for standardizing open reconfigurations and,based on which,a software architectural model was proposed.This design made possible the functionality extension just based on current existing low level resources,as a result,made possible the open reconfigurations.


The precision modeling of dam break floods can lead to formulation of proper emergency action plan to minimize flood impacts within the economic lifetime of the assets.Application of GIS techniques in integration with hydrological modeling for mapping of the flood inundated areas can play a momentous role in further minimizing the risk and likely damages.In the present study,dam break analysis using DAMBRK model was performed under various likely scenarios.Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)calculated for a return period of 1000 years using deterministic approach was adopted for dam break analysis of the proposed dam under various combinations of breach dimensions.The available downstream river cross-sections data sets were used as input in the model to generate the downstream flood profile.Dam break flow depths generated by the DAMBRK model under various combinations of structural failure are subsequently plotted on Digital Elevation Model(DEM)of the downstream of dam site to map the likely affected area.The simulation results reveals that in one particular case the flood without dam may be more intense if a rainfall of significant intensity takes place.


The basic scientific education of the silviculturist and, more generally, of the forester is rendered problematic by the progress of natural sciences along separated, specialised sectors. The author proposes a «forest sociology» based on principles derived from human sociology considered in the liberal sense. The increasing weight and dispersion of specialized knowledge can be made more sustainable by this approach.


The article presents the results of research on intellectual activity of primary school pupils participating in extracurricular activities, which were carried out under the program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education entitled "Young Explorer's University". The research was carried out on specially organised classes in the form of non-formal education with a developed curriculum. The main research method was the diagnostic survey method, in which the technique was a questionnaire and the tool was a knowledge test. It was carried out using the Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) technique. In the article, most attention is paid to the change of intellectual activity in the context of pupils' cognitive processes in the adopted categories of tasks, i.e. memory, comprehension and use of information in typical and problematic situations, the concept of which was adopted on the basis of B. Niemierka's taxonomy.


We demonstrate the first real-time adaptive optical coherent QAM transmission with variable multiplicities (4-, 16- and 64-QAM) using an FPGA-based transmitter and receiver. Rate-variable transmission (20~60 Gbit/s) was successfully achieved with a polarization multiplexing scheme at 5 Gsymbol/s over 320 km, where the OSNR margins were increased by 9 and 17 dB, respectively, by changing the modulation level from 64 to 16 and 4.


In these few months as a Research Fellow at Yale Divinity School, on sabbatical from my usual academic involvements, I find my thoughts drifting frequently to many of the pastoral counseling relationships of the past ten years. I have found myself replaying sessions with unexpected vividness, reliving precious peak experiences with a mixture ofcurious surprise and nostalgic awe. I have also been reviewing situations in which I have not been equal to the requirements of a given relationship; I suspect the concept of "selective recall" is sufficient to explain why these memories seem to require more conscious effort. From all these memories, both the satisfying and the painful, I have been reaching for some understanding of what I have incorporated into myself from previous years of study, supervision and counseling.


Since the publication of the European Union Global Strategy (EUGS) in June 2016, there have been innumerable calls for the re-launch of the EU's much misunderstood Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). One can call this CSDP-redux. What is the objective behind this renewed energy?


Figure 3: Fitting of representative liver voxels from the two techniques in Patient 2 of Fig. 1. T2*-IDEAL, based on complex data and weighted least squares, accurately captures the T2* decay, whereas the multi-echo exponential fitting demonstrates over-estimation of the T2*. Figure 1: representative results from two patients. Water and fat images from the T2*-IDEAL technique are shown in addition to the T2* maps from the two techniques. Automated T2* Estimation with Complex-Signal Based Weighted Least Squares Exponential Fitting


This chapter provides a background on the witnesses of Countess Delphine de Puimichel's inquest that told stories of plague, war, and confession in a swiftly changing world. It mentions sixty-eight witnesses that spoke in the canonization inquest for Countess Delphine, which stood before two papally appointed commissioners in the cathedral of St. Anne in Apt, Provence. It also cites Papal instructions that ordered the notaries to stay as faithful as they could to the witnesses' words even as they transformed testimonies from first person to third person and spoken Provençal into Latin. The chapter reviews the astounding stories that witnesses could tell, such as surviving the first wave of plague in 1348 and the second wave in 1361. It describes servants and noble lords, local nuns and future cardinals, merchants, and soldiers that became witnesses.


Fundamental work on heat removal by bubble formation and by increased heat diffusivity as a result of increased turbulence in boundary layers is described. A math. model was constructed of the heat transfer loop that is in operation under pressures up to 40 atm. at input powers up to 600 kw., and inlet subcooling up to 40 Deg. The model is compared with the exptl. results obtained from the loop. The on-set of flow instability is studied, and the nature of the instabilities is characterized in the region up to burnout by means of analysis of power d. curves. The dynamic characteristics of the loop are studied by means of transfer function analysis. The validity of the underlying linearization is discussed and the resulting transfer functions are compared with those obtained from noise analysis. Systematic burnout studies of rod bundles are reported, including the analysis of flow instability preceding burnout


Three methods have been used to study the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the vocal cord: paraformalde‐hyde‐induced fluorescence, electron microscopy, and the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique. Each method has been successful in determining adrenergic fibers, autonomic endings, and the neuropeptides VIP and NPY, respectively. The close relationship between these neuropeptides and the autonomic endings (adrenergic and cholinergic), and the presence of the neuropeptides in the chorion of the vocal cord, around glands and vessels, gives new evidence that autonomic innervation plays a role in the functioning of this part of the larynx.


Abstract The dissolution of several normal and inverse ferrites by Clostridium sp. under anaerobic conditions occurs through enzymatic reductive dissolution of iron (direct action) and through organic acid metabolites (indirect action) produced by the bacteria. The iron in the octahedral coordination in normal spinel and in tetrahe‐dral coordination with the divalent metal in inverse spinel was solubilized by direct action of the bacteria. Although the extent of dissolution of the ferrites differed, there was no clear relationship between the type of ferrite (normal and inverse spinels) and the mechanism of dissolution. The inverse spinels containing cobalt and copper ferrites were solubilized by indirect and direct action, respectively. Among the normal spinels tested, manganese ferrite was solubilized by direct action, while zinc ferrite was solubilized by direct and indirect action. Nickel ferrite was not solubilized by direct or indirect action. Cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, and zinc ferrites had...


AIM:To detect whether the breakpoint regions of a complex chromosomal rearrangement(CCR)host cryptic submicroscopic copy number variations(CNVs),ascertain the complexity of the rearrangement,and investigate possibility and superiority of array-basedcomparative genomic hybridization(array-CGH)in molecular cytogenetic diagnosis.METHODS:The whole genome of a fetus with de novo apparently balanced CCR[46,XX,t(4;5;15)(4pter→4q23::15q23→15qter;4qter→4q23::5p15→5qter;15pter→15q23::)dn] diagnosed by G-banding and multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization was scanned and analysed by array-CGH.RESULTS:Three submicroscopic CNVs,dup(5)(q13.2)(69274233-70622915,-1.35 Mb),del(15)(q11.2)(18657188-20080135,-1.42 Mb)and del(18)(p11.31-p11.23)(7069849-7567290,-0.49 Mb)were identified and mapped.All the CNVs locate outside the breakpoints,none of which is associated with translocation breakpoint regions.CONCLUSION:This study provides evidence that apparently balanced CCRs classified by conventional cytogenetic techniques may host additional chromosomal imbalances which are not always located at the breakpoints,and array-CGH is a useful tool for detectingand mapping cryptic submicroscopic imbalances.


The taxonomy and ecology of the porcellanid crab, Aliaporcellana telestophila, is elaborated upon. Variations in the structure of the carapace and chelipeds are documented and figured. The species, previously thought to be a commensal of Telesto (Clavulariidae), is shown to be actually associated with another octocoral, Solenocaulon (Anthothelidae).


ABSTRACT:In April 1956, Jesse C. Fisher Jr., a white businessman, wrote to Frank Lloyd Wright proposing a residential development for "a group of better-type colored people" in rural Whiteville, North Carolina. Over the next two years, Wright's office developed a scheme for Fisher's tract based on a type of quadruplex Wright called a "cloverleaf." This paper examines the design and development of this obscure project by putting its small collection of architectural drawings and correspondence in dialogue with relevant historical scholarship, detailed attention to the town of Whiteville, and other aspects of Wright's work and thought. This varied approach sheds light on the contradictions—including expressions of racial tolerance masking deep-rooted prejudices—that shaped Fisher's proposal and Wright's designs. Lastly, the project's obscurity within the literature on Wright raises questions about historians' unwillingness or inability, until recently, to reckon with the racialized complexities of Wright's work.


[Because of the considerable interest in the putative connection between abuse of acetophenetidin and renal complications and anemia, it was thought desirable to bring together some of the papers which have been important in calling attention to this possibility as well as to an editorial which advises a conservative view. Ed.]


The aims of this analysis is to examine presuppositions on dialogue about honesty through pragmatic studies. This is a qualitative study with content analysis method because this research prioritizes the content approach of dialogue in the novel. The data source of this analysis is a dialogues that contain presuppositions and imply honesty in the novel Asal Kau Bahagia by Bernard Batubara. Data provision of this analysis is done by using simak method that is applied through note-taking techniques. The results of this study indicate that 26 data containing presuppositions consisting of 9 data included in factive presuppositions, 3 lexical presuppositions data, 7 data as existantial presuppositions, 5 data as non-factual presuppositions, and 2 data are counterfactual presuppositions. In addition, the research also revealed that through several presupposition there was a message in each speech, the action would always be related to the value of honesty, but sometime it is really to be said. If it happens there is only prejudice and revenge exists. In addition, through this pragmatic, presupposition, and about honesty, the author also hopes that the results of this paper will be able to contribute ideas to the reading community about the importance of the value of honesty in friendship, romance, and in a society that has recently faded.


An explicit commercial Finite Element (FE) code is used to simulate the forming of a thermoplastic viscous textile composite sheet over a hemispherical tool. The main success of this work is in combining two distinct models. The first model is a non-orthogonal rate-independent constitutive model that has been implemented previously in a commercial FE code [1, 2]. The second is a rate and temperature dependent unit cell energy model [3, 4], designed to predict the shear force – shear angle – shear rate response of viscous textile composites. The combined implementation of these two models in the explicit FE code means that, given the fibre volume fraction and matrix rheology of the composite sheet, accurate predictions of the material's forming behaviour can be performed without the need for extensive material characterisation experiments. Both models are reviewed briefly and the method of combining these models in the code is described. Finally, results of preliminary forming simulations using a hemispherical tool are presented and discussed.


This study is an examination of the possibility of discriminate the relative difficulty of gingival redness manifestation after crown restoration, using color measurement data of the gingiva surrounding the teeth before prosthodontic treatment. This data was obtained using a Tissue spectrum analyzer TS 200 and a Standrad measuring system developed by thislaboratory.Forty-five randomly chosen samples from normal gums were experimentally induced to develop gingival redness. These samples were then divided into 3 groups according to the number of days taken for gingival redness to develop. From analyzing color measurement data obtained before this experiment, the discriminant rates of the groups were as follows: group A (early gingival redness) 80.0%, group B (slow gingival redness) 92.9%. Group C (negligible gingival redness) 93.8%. Thus, I have confirmed the clinical applicability of this procedure.


Al matrix composites reinforced with various sizes of SiC particles were fabricated via semi-solid state mechanical agitation. The influence of SiC particle size on microstrucutures, hardness and wear properties of composite was investigated. The results show that SiC particles are uniformly distributed without obvious agglomeration, Brinell hardness value is the biggest, and relative wear rate is the smallest when SiC particles size is 100 μm. The abrasion mechanism is that SiC particles are well supported by softer Al matrix, which plays a role of protection, and results in the decrease of adhesive wear.


So far, distributed CA Security Authentication Schedules based-on threshold cryptosystem for Ad_hoc Networks have been proposed, which could improve high security but still required on -line CA and high qulitity of server nodes.In this paper,we introduced the principle of CPK algorithm and then proposed a new authenticatin schedule for Ad_hoc Networks based-on CPK.By this schedule ,bandwidth resource can be saved;requirement in computational power of mobile nodes can be reduced; authentication protocol can be simplified.


The structure of external insulation composite system for external walls and the adhesives used in the composite system were summarized briefly.


An elevator car assembly comprising: a frame (14) of the cabin; a cabin (12) connected to the frame (14) of the cabinet and having a first axis (16) between a first side guide (15) and a second side (17) of the cab frame; a plurality of elements (22) tension; a first plurality of connected pulleys rotatably to the car frame between the first side and the second side to receive, respectively, the plurality of traction elements, and a first guide (18) fixed to the car frame or the cabin below the first plurality of pulleys for engaging, movably, a first rail (24); wherein the first guide is aligned with the first axis (16) guide and is configured to be aligned with the first channel; and wherein one of the plurality of traction elements and the first guide are vertically aligned on the first guide shaft.


Nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for about 15% of spontaneous, nontraumatic SAH and is often characterized by bleeding in distinctive anatomic locations. For example, perimesencephalic SAH is associated with an excellent prognosis and no significant risk of rebleeding, and has been hypothesized to have a venous origin.1,2 SAH in the superficial cortical sulci without blood in proximity to the circle of Willis also suggests a nonaneurysmal source, as most aneurysms develop at circle of Willis branch points. A number of causes of nonaneurysmal nonperimesencephalic SAH have been described, including vascular malformations, various forms of vasculitis, cerebral venous thrombosis, amyloid angiopathy, Moyamoya syndrome, and coagulopathies.1,3 We present a case of a nonaneurysmal nonperimesencephalic SAH following a calcific embolus to the middle cerebral artery, an unusual association.

### Case report.

A 51-year-old left-handed man without significant past medical history or recent trauma presented with insidious onset of headache, progressing over 2 days to the worst headache of his life. On the second day, he developed aphasia and mild left-sided weakness …


This paper presents the findings of the two surveys conducted in Vietnam in 1988 and 1990 investigating the accessibility of contraceptive use in relation to the provincial infant mortality level. Overall community infant health indicators and family planning services characteristics exert a major influence on the likelihood of modern contraceptive use among Vietnamese women. It is noted that women who live in provinces with low levels of infant mortality were significantly more likely to use a modern contraceptive method than those living in provinces with high infant mortality regardless of an individual womans infant mortality experience. Multivariate analysis indicate that women who live close to a clinic and those who have public transportation available are more likely to use a modern temporary method. The researchers noted that efforts to reduce mortality in high-risk provinces may result in higher contraceptive prevalence rates.