In this work, we propose the creation of an online social network with the following objectives: (a) provide a platform for our female students to interact with our alumnae, (b) provide a platform for high school students in the Indiana neighborhood to interact with our female students and alumnae. This social network will facilitate a support system for our current students, our alumnae, and young women who are interested in pursuing careers in computer science. In the long term, we anticipate that the interactions made possible by the social network will be extended to encompass other educational institutions.


The increasing global energy crisis and ecological risks in recent years have led to the interest in lignocellulosic fillers reinforced polymer composites. In this study, the nucleation ability of pine wood in polypropylene (PP) matrices was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. PPs with different melt flow index values (in range 3.2–25 g/10 min.) were used as the polymer matrix. Moreover, a new technique of wood treatment using γ-irradiation was used. The experimental results clearly show that the nucleation activity of the wood particles is strongly dependent on the rheological parameter (e.g., MFI) of PP matrix. The composites containing PP matrix with lower MFI exhibited higher degree of crystal conversion, lower half-times of crystallization, and higher crystallization temperatures. Moreover, the applied γ-irradiation of wood resulted in a negative effect on the crystallization rate of PP matrix and a distinct deterioration of the nucleation ability of wood surface. The interesting differences in nucleation activity of wood have been interpreted in the context of polymer chains length and relaxation times during crystallization. This article will spotlight the nucleating efficiency of filler, which is critical in polymer processing e.g., optimization of injection molding cycle time of composite materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1813–1818, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers


It is challenging to document the behavior changes that result from Extension programming. This article describes an evaluation method we call the "action items method." Unlike other approaches for measuring behavior change, this method requires program participants to define their own action plans as part of a program and then asks them about completing these goals several months after program completion. To the extent that we help participants identify specific behavioral changes that move them beyond their individual lives, we also exemplify the public value of Extension programming.


There are over 540 thousand of freight cars is the Chinese railway at present.Cast iron shoes have been used on these cars for a long time,which fail to adapt fail to the development of heavy haul train and raising speed.Modification of freight car brake system at the lowest cost will surely lead to the exterded use of the composition brake shoes.Application of a varying ratio valve has solved successfully the difficult problem.This technology has been combined with the KZW 4G E/L regulation device.Owing to the characteristics of high friction composition brake shoe the speed of freight car can be increased future to 90 km·h -1 —100 km·h -1 ,the stopping distance is 800 m or 1 100 m,and the loaded car cylinder pressure is 260 kPa or 360 kPa.So the car maintenance cost and the labor intensity can be reduced.If the high friction composition brake shoes of are used on all freight cars, 3 hundred million can be saved in consumption of brake shoe only.With the money saved these we can upgrade the general purpose freight car bralce system.


Antioxidant activity, anti-aging effects and cytotoxicity activity of cinnamon essential oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum were investigated in this study. The antioxidant activities of the cinnamon essential oil at the concentrations of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). The inhibitory activities against collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase were evaluated for anti-aging effects. The antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and ABTS assays varied from 4.91 - 28.74% and 4.96 - 50.17%, respectively.  In addition, cinnamon essential oil at all concentrations tested (100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) inhibited tyrosinase activity by 61.68 - 93.12 %, collagenase activity by 2.83 - 30.28 % and elastase activity by 4.37 - 33.92 %.  The cytotoxicity activity determined by the diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay revealed that the cinnamon essential oil at the concentration less than 100 µg/mL did not exhibit cytotoxicity activity on human fibroblast cells while the percentage of cell viability decreased when exposed to this oil at the concentration higher than 150 µg/mL. These results demonstrated that the cinnamon essential oil has antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, collagenase inhibitory, and elastase inhibitory activities. In addition, cinnamon essential oil at each effective concentration did not show any toxicity when tested on normal human fibroblast cell. Therefore, this essential oil could be a potential candidate for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.


In our previous work, two kinds of permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors, transverse flux motor (TFM) and claw pole motor, were designed and fabricated using the soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores. This paper presents multiobjective and robust design optimization for high-quality manufacturing of these PM-SMC motors to improve their industrial applications. Meanwhile, an improved multiobjective sequential optimization method is presented to reduce the computation cost. Thereafter, a PM TFM with SMC core is investigated to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. From the discussion, it can be found that six sigma quality manufacturing was achieved for all Pareto design schemes given by the proposed method. Furthermore, manufacturing cost and computation cost have been reduced a lot.


The seed lots of Vicia faba cv. Ling Xia Da Ba Can after stored 1,2, 3 years were treated for0,48 and 96 hrs in the aging experin1ent.Then each group of aged seed was subjected to thestandard germination,electrical conductivity,vigour indices,field emergence and plant heighttests. The relationship between seed quality tested in laboratory and that tested in the field wasalso analysed. The results indicated that the germination percentage between seed lots of 96 hr'saging was of significant difference(p0.01),but no significant difference occurred between thelots with 48 hr's aging,The electrical conductivity , vigor indices between seed lots of both 48and 96 hr's aging were of significant difference(p0. 01 ). The field performance between seedlots with no or 48 hr's aging treatment was of no significant difference, but significant differenceexisted between seed lots with 96 hr's aging. The highest correlation coefficient of field perfor-mance(i.e. emergence percentage and plant height)was found with the electrical conductivity ofseeds,followed by vigour indices,while the standard germination was poorly correlated to thefield performance. The seed quality markedly decreased after 3 year's storage.


This book was written to fill a "perceived gap in literature and a peculiarity of scholarship on South African mineral law" (xii), and is based on a manuscript prepared for Foresti v Government of South Africa, a dispute in the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The case concerned the impact of the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) provisions in the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act of 2002 (MPRDA). In this case, the claimants asserted that the MPRDA, aimed at redressing the injustices of the past by converting previously held mineral rights to rights held in terms of licences, expropriated them of their mineral rights, and was therefore in violation of South Africa's international obligations under its BITs. The author wrote the book in her capacity also as a property law expert, aiming to look at "how the principles of mineral law are challenged by policies determining its proprietary and regulatory aspects" (xii).


The authors report the measurement of the polarization of luminescence from the [001] surface ([001] growth direction) and relate the observations to interfacial structure of the quantum wells in zinc blende semiconductors.


Objective To observe the effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LDD)with different combinations on pharmacokinetics of loganin.Methods Mice were administered once with LDD and its different combinations,that were Sanbu decoction(A,contained dogwood fruit,Yam rhizome and rehmannia root),Yibu Yixie decoction(B,contained dogwood fruit and moutan bark)and Shanzhuyu decoction(C,contained dogwood fruit).Then the concentration-time curve of loganin absorbed into blood was performed by established HPLC method,and the area under curve(AUC)was calculated to compare the velocity and degree of loganin absorption.Results In regard to the velocity of absorption, taking C_max/AUC,T_(max) and t_1/(2ka)_as the indexes,decoction B was the quickest one,decoction A and LDD the second,and decoction C the slowest.In regard to the degree of absorption,taking AUC and C_(max) as the indexes,decoction C was the highest and decoction B the lowest.Conclusion Different combinations of LDD could affect the pharmacokinetics of loganin in different manner.


The motive of the application is to predict pre-analysis of tour budget through mobile computing with complete requirements and needs in real time location. As default categories are provided in the cloud database. The guidance of tourist place is given as detailed information about each and every tourist location like a near place, map, direction, location information, and SOS emergency. It also shows the place address, timing for visit. The end user is able toestablish parameters which are taken into interpretation by the route planner before the route planning. App module determines the consequence of tailoredinfo and facility through smartphones on user capacity to plan for any journey and to recognize traveler awareness of the vehicle by real-time. The destination of trip-planning can be accessed through mobile applications for pre-analysis operation. Even Public vehicle (PV) systems (like the train, flight, etc.) are envisioned to be analyzing the budget approach for the selected tour. The most interest ing category is "Travel Guides" that combines "Information Resources" and "Location-Based Services" category. The data is collected through multiple set data analysis systems and compared with the complete search technique underneath the identical service quality performance.


After a blog I wrote about the Trayvon Martin case was posted, I received a piece of hate mail that ended with a rant about my own racial status, religion, and body. The contents of the e-mail are too obscene to reproduce here, yet what fascinated me was how quickly my (Jewish) body itself became a source of anxiety in this racist rant. For ethnic subjects of any sort, it seems that the body is always a highly overdetermined entity. The dominant society writes scripts of subjectivity onto this space, often involving hypersexuality or its opposite, violence or warmth, rage or joy, and other affective states. Ethnic subjects themselves are often supposed to perform in a certain manner. Watching a minstrel show in Copenhagen in which the bodies cavort on stage, Helga Crane in Nella Larsen's Quicksand (1928) is both appalled and enthralled. This issue of MELUS takes up the vexed subject of the ways that the ethnic body becomes a kind of text. It also considers how ethnic authors struggle to rescript the performative space of the body and engender alternative modes of subjectivity. One mode for the rescripting of subjectivity lies in a reconsideration of the figure of the ethnic mother. Enslaved African American mothers were defined as breeders and denied all legal rights; post-slavery, they were still characterized as "mammies" or "jezebels" and thus further denied subjectivity by stereotypical imaging. Toni Morrison's fiction often works to revise this cultural legacy regarding the body/subjectivity of the mother and to demarcate an alternative way of thinking through maternal identities. As Naomi Morgernstern notes in "Maternal Love/Maternal Violence: Inventing Ethics in Toni Morrison's A Mercy," Morrison has presented numerous provocative examples of the bonds that exist between enslaved women and their children. Morrison's work also repeatedly takes up what Morgenstern terms a primal scene of traumatic separation between the enslaved mother and the child in order to examine the relationship between violence and the demands of maternal love. Morgenstern focuses on


Turbidity (T) is an important water quality parameter lied to its contamination state. This study is conducted to test the feasibility of a sensing mechanical model, able to provide as result, a combination of physical, chemical and bacteriological parameter that can define or identify water quality (state of contamination) in a few times and in situ knowing turbidity. The Rheological Integrated water quality model (RIX) to be validated is compute first of all with Fes (Morocco) data for twenty (20) wells and ten (10) springs. The experimentation data are those of Maroua (Cameroon) from four springs and six (06) wells. All the sampled water station (wells and springs) are firstly studied with standards (physico-chemical and micro bacteriological) approaches. Some water parameter was analyzed in situ as well as brought to the laboratory for further analysis. Obtained data are use in the RIX model to approve its ability thorough the result comparation. The water quality results from RIX correlated with the standard analysis to determine the characteristics and their relationship with turbidity, alkalinity, pH, total organic Carbone (TOC), total coliform (E. coli) and (Total suspended solid) TSS.


Within the illustrations of the ninth century Utrecht Psalter, groupings of multiple people with no imperative role in the narrative are found in large numbers. This inclusion is unique and with clear intention, and unlike other non-essential pictorial elements in the composition such as foliage or buildings, all of these figures are drawn to completion. As the images in the Utrecht Psalter show consistency in their measurements on the page, as well as through the scale of elements within the actual illustrations, direct comparisons can be made on how these figures are employed in the scene. By using digital applications to create a compositional overlay of all these groups, a concentration of figures on the left and right sides of the image is observed. This article suggests that such an arrangement provides a readable image, with human groups added in order to encourage engagement with the text of the Psalter and aid in remembering its messages.

Keywords: Utrecht Psalter; medieval literacy; manuscript illustration; image composition; digital humanities; artwork engagement


Background Uterine rupture is tearing of the uterine wall during pregnancy or delivery. It may extend to partial or whole thickness of the uterine wall. It is usually a case where obstetric care is poor. In extensive damage, death of the baby and sometimes even maternal death are evident. Objective This study assesses associated factors and outcome of uterine rupture at Suhul General Hospital, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2016. Methodology A case-control study was conducted by review of data from September 2012 to August 2016. A total of 336 samples were studied after calculating by EPI-INFO using proportion of multiparity (53%) and ratio of 1 : 2 for cases and controls, respectively. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied with p < 0.05. Result ANC, grand multiparity, malpresentation, and obstructed labor had association, but previous cesarean delivery was not significant. Perinatal mortality was 105 (93%) versus 13 (5.8%) in cases and controls, respectively. Anemia was highest for both groups (53.7% versus 32.1%). Conclusion Majority of uterine rupture is attributed to prolonged or obstructed labor. Cases of uterine rupture had prompt management preventing maternal mortality, but burden of perinatal death is still high.


The influence of strontium (Sr) additions in the form of Mg–Sr master alloys from 0 to 0.6 wt% on the mechanical properties, corrosive nature, and microstructure of Al–9.2Mg–0.7Mn alloys is investigated. The material is studied in a fully annealed (O‐temper) and a sensitizing treatment at 150°C for 7 days. Here we demonstrate that there will be a new phase which might be (Al, Mg)17Sr2 formed in the as‐cast microstructure. When the Sr content is 0.2 wt%, under the premise that the mechanical properties of completely annealed alloy change little (relative to the matrix: the ultimate tensile strength increases by 8 MPa and the elongation only decrease by 1.6%), the intergranular corrosion resistance is significantly improved. The specific performance is that the mass loss from intergranular corrosion decreases by more than 53% from the addition of 0.2 wt% Sr after sensitizing.


Abstract : There is a high incidence of TBI among warfighter occupants of vehicles targeted by underbody blasts but little is known about the unique forces involved or the pathophysiology. We hypothesize: Acceleration experienced during survivable underbody blasts produces dose-dependent, TBI. Underbody blast-induced acceleration combined with secondary head impact is also military relevant and can be modeled. Neurologic outcome following underbody blast-induced TBI can be improved by force-modifying vehicle hull designs. We will expand our underbody blast animal model of TBI to establish full dose-response relationships and to model the combination of acceleration plus head impact. This research will promote development of engineering- and biomedical-based neuroprotective interventions translatable to warfighter TBI.


In 'Utility of Religion', Mill argues that a wholly naturalistic religion of humanity would promote individual and social welfare better than supernatural religions like Christianity; in 'Theism', however, Mill defends the salutary effects of hope in an afterlife. While commentators have acknowledged this discrepancy, they have not examined the utilitarian value of what Mill terms 'illusions'. In this essay, I explain Mill's case against the utility of supernatural religious belief and then argue that Mill cannot dismiss the utility of hope in an ultimate justice since it need not pervert the intellect or morality. There are thus utilitarian grounds to support some supernatural illusions, which undermines Mill's defence of an exclusively naturalistic religion. I conclude with the suggestion that while the utility of religious belief leads Mill toward William James's view, they disagree about whether supernatural religious sentiment has any unique, intrinsic force.


This work is investigated for the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen iodide (HI). Platinum was used as active material by loading on ZrO2-SiO2 mixed oxide in HI decomposition reaction. To obtain high and stable conversion of hydrogen iodide in severe condition, it was required to improve catalytic activity. For this reason, a method increasing dispersion of platinum was proposed in this study. In order to get high dispersion of platinum, zirconia was incorporated in silica by sol-gel synthesis. Incorporating zirconia influence increasing platinum dispersion and BET surface area as well as decreasing deactivation of catalysts. It should be able to stably product hydrogen for a long time because of inhibitive deactivation. HI decomposition reaction was carried out under the condition of 450℃ and 1 atm in a fixed bed reactor. Catalysts analysis methods such as N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, ICP-AES and CO gas chemisorption were used to measurement of their physico-chemical properties.


A three-year field trial was conducted to determine the effects of mulching with black polyethylene film and fertilizing with organic and mineral fertilizers in mid-early cabbage production. The two-factor trial was set up as a split-plot design. The main plots included unmulched and mulched treatments. The sub-plots consisted of unfertilized control and five fertilized treatments. In the first and third trial years, total cabbage yield, total head yield, and average head weight were significantly higher on black polyethylene film plots than on unmulched plots. However, in the second year, the mean air temperature during cabbage growing exceeded the long-term average, and values of the examined parameters did not differ significantly between the mulched and unmulched treatments. In all three years, amounts of removed nutrients were significantly higher in treatment with composted pig manure + mineral fertilizer. Mulching significantly increased fertilizer use efficiency in the first and third years, while the second year saw better results on unmulched plots.


Abstract The paper investigated the effect of some dietary antioxidant's combinations on nutrient digestibility in heat-stressed broilers. The experimental study was conducted for 28 days on 120 Cobb 500 broilers (14 days of age) assigned into 4 groups (30 chicks/group) in cages and exposed to heat stress conditions (32 °C). The control group was fed a control diet (C) and the experimental groups were fed diets including 200 µg/kg diet chromium picolinate and: 0.25 g vitamin C (VC)/kg diet (Cr-VC), 0.025 g Zn/kg diet (Cr- Zn), and 10 g creeping wood sorrel powder (CWS)/kg diet (Cr-CWS). Our results showed that dietary combinations of supplemented antioxidants for chickens under heat stress had a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients and nutrient deposits in liver tissue. Dietary combined effect of Cr and vitamin C or Cr and Zn potentiates the Fe deposition in broilers' liver while Cr-Zn improved the apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, Fe and Zn.


Individual lots of 100 2-week-old adults of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin duVal), were exposed to dry, flowing (100 cc per min) carbon dioxide or nitrogen and then fumigated for 24 hours in an LC50 atmosphere of 80:20 mixture (CCI4:CS2 by volume) at 30°C. Previous studies indicated that ½-hour exposures to either CO2 or N2 produced extreme respiration depression. Two-hour exposures to CO2 or N2 followed by I-hour and ½-hour recovery periods, respectively, induced maximum respiration rates. When insects were fumigated at minimum respiration (no recovery period permitted) the resulting mortality was greater than the additive effect of the individual preconditioning and fumigated treatment mortalities. Nitrogen exerted a greater synergistic effect than did carbon dioxide, No increased susceptibility to fumigant was noted when the insects were fumigated during peak respiration in the recovery period following CO2 or N2anoxia.

In a control series, 4 replications of the following insect lots were evaluated: neither treated nor fumigated, fumigated but not treated, air-treated (100 cc per min, 2 hours) but not fumigated, and both air-treated and fumigated. Mortality of insects air-treated but not fumigated was more than 3% greater than natural mortality and was statistically significant. These data suggest that dry airflow produced stress in adult confused flour beetles.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous implants of deslorelin (GnRH agonist-Suprelorin® 4.7 mg) on follicular dynamics and plasma profile of FSH, LH, and progesterone (P4) during the last 20 days of an implantation period of 70 days and after the removal of the implant until the detection of the first ovulation in Nelore cows (Bos indicus). Seven animals had their ovulation synchronized. At the day of the detection of ovulation they received subcutaneous implant of deslorelin. In the last 20 days of the period of treatment, ultrasound scans were taken every 2 or 3 days to characterize the follicular dynamics according to diameter: I ( 6 mm). Blood samples were collected to measure plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, and P4. Results were tested by ANOVA, and difference between means was defined using Tukey's test with significance levels of 0.05. During the 70 days of deslorelin treatment, none of the animals ovulated, despite the implant not suppressing all follicular development. The ultrasound finding was confirmed by P4 plasma concentrations (range: 0.05–0.31 ng mL–1). The normal P4 plasma concentration expected in cycling Nelore cows is about 3.8 ng mL–1 (Satrapa et al. 2010 Reprod. Anim. Dom. 45, 881–887). During the last 20 days of treatment, 4 animals presented follicular development with max diameter ranging through 4 to 6 mm, whereas in the 3 remaining animals, the observed diameter ranged through 9 to 12 mm. The secretion of FSH and LH was not entirely suppressed during the study (range: 1.69–1.39 and 1.37–1.07 ng mL–1, respectively). After the removal of the deslorelin subcutaneous implant, the period of restoration of the ovulatory capacity was 29 days, and the mean diameter of the preovulatory follicle was 12.5 mm. The P4 plasma concentrations during this time were low (range: 0.15–0.09 ng mL–1). During the recovery period, the phenomenon of follicular codominance and double ovulation in 2 animals (2/7) was observed. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the total implant treatment of 70 days with deslorelin in cows inhibits ovulation by not allowing LH surge, although the follicular development is not completely depressed. The financial support of FAPESP, Fundunesp, and CNPq are acknowledged.


In this paper a practical method for making large rainbow holograms by using a common glass rod is introduced. It is able to make white-light transmission holograms as large as 1000 X 1000 mm2.


Progress in tuberculosis vaccine development is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the immune mechanisms that protect against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis. Although the M72/ASOE1 trial yielded encouraging results (54% efficacy in subjects with prior exposure to Mtb), a highly effective vaccine against adult tuberculosis remains elusive. We show that in a mouse model, establishment of a contained and persistent yet non-pathogenic infection with Mtb ("contained Mtb infection", CMTB) rapidly and durably reduces tuberculosis disease burden after re-exposure through aerosol challenge. Protection is associated with elevated activation of alveolar macrophages, the first cells that respond to inhaled Mtb, and accelerated recruitment of Mtb-specific T cells to the lung parenchyma. Systems approaches, as well as ex vivo functional assays and in vivo infection experiments, demonstrate that CMTB reconfigures tissue resident alveolar macrophages via low grade interferon-γ exposure. These studies demonstrate that under certain circumstances, the continuous interaction of the immune system with Mtb is beneficial to the host by maintaining elevated innate immune responses.


Nanocoating applications for antibacterial coating of medical devices have garnered interest in recent years. Many coating techniques have been developed; however, dip coating and spray coating are the simplest and easiest to transfer to upscaled production. Moreover, annealing treatment has been shown to alter the properties of the polymer film and alter the release profile. In this study, Vancomycin was entrapped on the threaded region of Schanz pin with a poly(3-caprolactone) film by layer-by- layer dip coating and spray coating. The results of the sample subjected to a 1-hour annealing treatment at 45°C were compared with those of the control sample that didn't undergo annealing. The study showed that the combination of spray coating of PCL nanosphere with dip coating and annealing treatment could reduce the burst release of vancomycin and prolong its release from coated Schanz pin for up to 28 days. Annealing caused a 10% reduction in the burst release phase of the release profile, while also prolonging a similar release of vancomycin for 1 week. Annealing also had an impact on the morphology of the coating. FESEM observations showed that annealing reduced the porosity of the coating, with deposited nanospheres partially melting together with the film. The results suggested that the annealing process contributed to a less porous and denser PCL film, thus decreasing the diffusion rate of vancomycin through the film. This method also provides another venue for tuning the properties of the polymeric nanocoating, which are not affected by the common limitation of the upscaling process.


In the paper 'Loneliness, Social Isolation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing', Valtorta et al. 1 report the correlation between the effects of loneliness (feeling lonely) and social isolation (being lonely) on cardiovascular (CV) events in a 6-year mean follow-up. This topic is very relevant to general health, since psychosocial status and social relations are recognized as important risk factors for mortality and are becoming an important issue in modern medicine, with relevant socio-sanitary implications. 2 In this in a secondary analysis of prospective follow-up from


Extensive studies have been done both fundamentally and practically on conducting polymers like polythiophene (PT). Once positively doped, PT is relatively stable in air, due in part to the resonance effect of the sulfur which acts to stabilize a carbonium ion on the polymer chain (Yang & Chien, 1995). The drastic changes in electrical, optical and magnetic properties upon doping (Castillon, 2000) have attracted much attention from both theoretical and practical physicists.

In the undoped state, polythiophene is an insulator with a band gap of about 2.0 eV (Castillon, 2000) and can be used as heterojunction together with polypyrrole (PPy). Their combination exhibits excellent rectifying characteristics (Castillon, 2000). PT stable films can be prepared by either an electrochemical, or a chemical method (Roncalia, 1992).

Like polypyrrole, the neutral polythiophene as observed in the infrared (lR) and a Carbon13 NMR spectrum has shown that α-α' carbon linkages predominate (Roncalia, 1992; Yurtsener, 1999). Thus, the commonly accepted structure of PT is a linear chain of monomers bonded by α-α'' carbons.

This paper investigates the most probable carbon coupling during polymerization. The thermodynamical probabilities of linking α and β carbons in dimers through pentamers of polythiophenes were determined employing ab initio method.


The phenomenon of earthquake-induced structural pounding was extensively studied by some researchers using different models for the impact force. The aim of this paper is to provide a new formula of impact stiffness in the linear viscoelastic contact model, based on the assumption that the maximum impact deformation from the distributed mass model should be equal to that from the equivalent lumped mass model. The correctness and accuracy of the proposed formula have been confirmed by comparing the pounding simulation using the present formula of impact stiffness with those using the existing formulae.


Filtering the News begins with a critical review and assessment of the propaganda model, then applies it to a wide range of ongoing news events including: Bush's war propaganda machine and the American mainstream media; Israeli propaganda; the question of intellectual responsibility; Dan Rather and the problem of patriotism; news coverage of near- genocide; and American journalism post 9/11. In the final chapters, Herman and Chomsky's model is revisited, and several common criticisms of the model are reflected upon.


Stationary welds of sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 , a high-Prandtl-number material) and gallium (Ga, a low-melting-point, low-Prandtl-number material) were made with a defocused CO 2 laser beam to simulate the effect of Marangoni convection on the shape of arc weld pools without a surface-active agent. A Peclet number representing the ratio of (heat transport by convection)/(heat transport by conduction) was defined as Pe = LV/a, where L is the pool surface radius, V the maximum outward surface velocity and a the thermal diffusivity. The Ga and NaNO 3 pools represented the low and high extremes of Pe, respectively, with commonly welded metals such as aluminum, steel and stainless steel falling in between. By going to these extremes, the effect of convection on the pool shape could be much more easily understood. For Ga, Pe was low because low V (weak Marangoni convection) and high a promoted conduction down into the pool, and the resultant pool bottom was concave. For NaNO 3 , however, Pe became high easily because high V (strong Marangoni convection) and very low a promoted outward convective heat transport, and the resultant pool bottom was shallow and flat. Reducing the beam diameter further increased V (even stronger Marangoni convection) and Pe. The fast outward surface flow turned and penetrated downward at the pool edge, resulting in a convex pool bottom. Both the flat and convex pool bottoms are a clear indication Marangoni convection dominated over gravity-induced buoyancy convection. It is proposed that, in the absence of both a surface-active agent and a significant electromagnetic force, the pool bottom convexity increases with increasing Pe. It was shown that, for a given material composition and welding process, the weld shape often reveals a good deal about the nature of weld pool convection.


Subarkah et al. have investigated the links between burial history, palaeo-temperature evolution, illite formation age, illite crystallinity and organic matter maturation in Proterozoic shales from the McArthur Basin, Australia, by combining a literature study with novel petrographic analysis, thermal modelling of the effect of a dolerite intrusion and in-situ Rb–Sr dating of authigenic illitic clays via LA-ICP-MS/MS. The authors argue that the illite Rb-Sr system is stable at temperatures around the oil window but tends to be reset at higher temperatures around or above the gas window. The manuscript is well structured and the outcome is of potential interest for the geochemical society. Nonetheless, I have identified numerous (mostly minor) problems and inaccuracies that must be included before the manuscript can be accepted for publication. The present work would greatly benefit, if the authors:


This article uses the public and private correspondence of the prefect Antoine-Marie Roederer to reveal the vicissitudes of prefectural life in a newly created department far from Paris. The career of Roederer fils in Italy is representative of the problems facing imperial prefects: distance from Paris bringing impotence; the inertia of the local administration when faced with orders from Paris; lack of connection with the realities of the population under French administration. Only Napoleon's fall could bring about Roederer fils' return to Paris, despite his success in his Departement.


An amalgamation of the financial sector with information technology has brought a tremendous transformation in the financial services sector that resulted in FinTech, which is an invention that makes it easier and more convenient for users to conduct financial transactions digitally. So, the present study aims to examine Convenience (C), Website Design (WB) & Social Influence (SI) as the determinants of users' Intention to Use (ITU) FinTech Services. For the study, we collected data through a survey instrument using the hybrid mode of data collection from 257 FinTech users. Data analysis and hypotheses testing was done by using SmartPLS 4 software. The findings of the study concluded that determinants namely, Convenience (C), Website Design (WB) & Social Influence (SI) have a significant positive influence on users' Intention to Use (ITU) FinTech Services. Hence, all hypotheses framed in the study were accepted. The outcome of this study will facilitate FinTech service providers to design more specialized services for their consumers. Further, it contributes to the literature concerned with the FinTech service sector and antecedents of ITU FinTech services.


Institutions in the public sector are faced with increasing demands for improved services, while financial constraints and scarce resources restrict policy choices. Governments are responding to this challenge by exploring and implementing alternative methods of service delivery and strategies for development. There is, therefore, a global trend for governments to use public-private partnerships (PPPs) as a way of
improving the delivery of services to their communities. This approach uses the expertise, investment and management capacity of the private sector to develop infrastructure, as well as to improve and extend efficient services to all residents. This
article examines the role of PPPs in improving service delivery and development in
society. It also emphasises the need for partnerships as a tool for modernising public
administration.


This chapter has derived a simple maximum likelihood receiver for MIMO radar systems with unitary space-time codes and explicit transmitter beamforming. The transmitter codes are chosen to maximise the Fisher information associated with the MIMO model. An gradient projection algorithm has been proposed to solve this constrained optimisation problem.


Guanine nudeotide‐binding regulatory proteins similar to Gs and Gi may be involved in the activation of phospholipases C and A2 by hormones and other ligands. The binding of hormones to receptors that activate phospholipase C is decreased by guanine nucleotides and these hormones also stimulate a high‐affinity GTPase activity in cell membranes. Effects of hormones on phospholipase C activity in cell‐free preparations are dependent on the presence of guanine nucleotides. In addition, fluoride and nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs activate phospholipases in a manner that can be blocked by GDPβS. The putative guanine nucleotide‐binding regulatory protein that appears to be involved in activation of phospholipase C is sensitive to pertussis toxin in some cells but not in others.— Fain, J. N.; Wallace, M. A.; Wojcikiewigz, R. J. H. Evidence for involvement of guanine nucleotide‐binding regulatory proteins in the activation of phospholipases by hormones. FASEB J, 2: 2569‐2574; 1988.


Sleep is a complex behavior that is vital for healthy functioning and for survival. Poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep have been linked with increased risk for various illnesses as well as with an increased prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and reduced quality of life. Various self-report, behavioral and physiological methods are available for assessing different dimensions of sleep in research studies and in clinical practice. Assessment of sleep is an important component of a routine health examination that can help to educate people about the importance of good sleep practices, and help to identify sleep problems so that appropriate treatments can be instituted.


The path integral formulation of the traversal time in tunneling utilizes a restricted Feynman amplitude. We present a derivation based on the Fisher Lee formula to compute the average time and the integrated distribution for arbitrary potentials. The (complex) tunneling time can be expressed as a derivative with respect to a potential which surrounds the region over which the particle is "detected", and a correspondence with other tunneling time scales which depend on energy derivatives of the transmission coefficient is found. A semiclassical treatment confirms that there are two time scales associated with this measurement procedure. The imaginary component is related to the multiple instanton bounces in the inverted potential. The issue of positive times is found to depend crucially on the behavior of the transmission coefficient for asymptotic limits of the measurement potential. The calculation of higher moments of the distribution allows to define a positive barrier interaction time, without appealing to any regularization procedure.


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This thesis investigates the effect of the Go for the Green Challenge (GGC), a multi-faceted, educational awareness and behavior change campaign originating in the Office of Sustainability, on residents of Western Washington University. Per capita residence hall electricity use figures in participating and control halls were evaluated. Surveys of residents gauged energy use behaviors, and a questionnaire assessed how hall leaders implemented GGC. Participating halls had significantly less electricity use than control halls. Correlation was significant between electricity reductions and certain components of GGC. The halls most affected by GGC had designs conducive to social diffusion and leaders that mobilized efforts to reduce electricity use and increase resident participation and awareness.


This research guide includes useful links to Dacus Library online catalog links, online databases, and useful Websites pertaining to the subject of historic preservation. Information about using the Library of Congress Classification System to perform research.


A structured research programme exists in anglo-saxon countries on behavioural and organizational aspects of management control systems which has produced a very rich and prolific literature since the beginning of the 1950s. This article proposes a survey of publications on behavioural dimensions of budgeting, emphasizing their limits, in order to give rise to new research interests.


As many of you who have previously visited Portland know, this city is a terrific location for our meeting: set between Mt. Hood and the Pacific coast, Portland (PDX to locals) presents a variety of attractions for everybody. Infused with the awesome Pacific Northwest culture of environmental conservation and organic local food sourcing, you will find a lot of wonderful restaurants here, plus a myriad of microbreweries, distilleries and wineries! Don't forget to visit famous PDX staples like Powell's Books and the charismatic Voodoo Donuts. Don't forget your hiking shoes or beachwear if you're planning to explore the great outdoors like the Columbia Gorge area or the Oregon Coast beaches.


Provided is a sensor which can detect/discriminate various types of fuel oils for automobiles and the like in a simple configuration. In the present invention, a sensor is used, which has a structure such that the surface of a sensor main body for detecting a surface stress or the like is coated with microparticles each modified with a hydrocarbon group, e.g., an alkyl group. The use of the sensor makes it possible to clearly discriminate a high-octane fuel, a regular fuel, a light oil, a kerosene, a kerosene-contaminated gasoline and the like without relying on a large-scale analysis such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.


An update on the effect of oral contraceptives on lipoproteins reflecting over 100 papers on pills and developments in the lipid field in general since 1985 is presented. Lipoprotein researchers have defined several subfractions among each of the major lipoproteins by ultracentrifugation and characterized some of them metabolically. Screening of pill candidates for total cholesterol however is not justified because of daily variability and laboratory standardization problems. Recent studies on oral contraceptives and lipoproteins suffer from design problems in most cases. Satisfactory studies on current pill formulations suggest that only pills containing levonorgestrel 250 mg and ethinyl estradiol 50 mcg and some norethisterone formulations increase total cholesterol. Most pills increase triglycerides an effect due to estrogens. Monophasic levonorgestrel pills tend to depress HDL-C. Desogestrel 150 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg and possibly the gestodene pills increase HDL-C. Although it is debatable whether lipoprotein levels are significant in the cardiovascular disorders that may occur in pill users it is probable that only certain women are at risk. It is prudent not to prescribe pills to women with 1 or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease.


Cover automata were introduced a few years ago for designing a compact representation of finite languages. Our aim is to extend this notion to cover transducers for functions with finite domain. Given two alphabets Σ and Ω, and a function α : Σ* → Ω* of order l (the maximal length of a word in the domain of α), a cover transducer for α is any subsequential transducer that realizes the function α when its input is restricted to the set of words of Σ* having a length not greater than l. We study the problem of reducing the number of states of a cover transducer. We report experimental results, from an implementation using WFSC (Weighted Finite State Compiler), a Xerox tool for handling weighted finite state automata and transducers.


This paper deals with the development of an efficient use of dispersed Mo-based catalysts to upgrade heavy oils and petroleum residues. A general overview of some of the most well-known thermo-catalytic hydroconversion processes is reported. The influence of hydrotreating conditions on product quality and catalyst recycling are discussed


In the condition of non-uniform dynamic addition object function,based on the macroeconomic theory of the quadratic optimal closed loop model,the static solutions of Riccati equation are obtained.Using the solutions,the analytic formulae of the equilibrium paths are derived.The quadratic optimum modeling theory under rational expectation in macroeconomics is built perfectly.The combination of rational expectation and modeling theory of quadratic optimum gives quantitative description of human being's ability of expectation in macroeconomics.


According to the ITRS Roadmap [1], new dielectric and metal gate materials will be required for high performance and low stand-by power applications at the 45 nm technology node and beyond. Currently, many candidate materials are under investigation. Based on the state-of-the-art [2,3,4], some of the most likely candidates to be used as metal gate electrodes include TiN, TaN, Mo and Ru. To address the workfunction tuning issue in this future generation of transistors, a possible approach is to use a metal layer on the high-k dielectric to control the workfunction and a conductor material on top to make the gate electrical contact (fig. 1). As a result, it creates a risk of galvanic enhanced corrosion at the gate electrode level during wet cleaning. We have studied galvanic coupling between the dissimilar materials of the gate electrode (TiN, Mo, Ru, PolySilicon). The study focuses on diluted HF mixtures, which in general show overall better compatibility with metal gates than strong oxidizing chemistries. Diluted HF based mixtures are used for residual high-k removal and post-etch residues removal [5]. In addition, it is also used for removal of oxide hardmask after etching of the metal gate stack.


Gel chromatographic behavior of 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine, abbreviated HOx) complexes of zinc, copper, aluminum, gallium and indium has been investigated on thin layers of Styragel 60A and Merckogel OR-PVA 2000 mostly in chloroform and p-dioxan media. Except for the stable Cu(Ox)2, the other oxinates exhibit either hydration or decomposition in gel-solvent-solute systems, which leads to strong retention or tailing on gel layers. An excess of 8-hydroxyquinoline present in solvents allows the oxinates to be stabilized, so that well-defined compact spots come out and migrate. For the Zn(Ox)2 the formation of a self-adduct is strongly suggested on the basis of gel chromatographic behavior. Elution with the solvent containing pyridine also yields evidence of the adduct formation of zinc oxinate-nitrogen base.


In the present study, a multi-objective optimisation technique, based on Taguchi method in combination with grey relational analysis, has been proposed and adopted in search of an optimal parametric combination during electrochemical deburring (ECD) of die steel. Deburring voltage, gap between tool and burr tip, electrolyte concentration and time are considered as input parameters when the performance characteristics include change in burr height and base material removal are taken into consideration. Taguchi's L16 orthogonal array design is chosen for the experiments. An optimal parameter combination of ECD process is obtained by grey relational grade acquired from grey relational analysis (GRA). Optimal ECD parameters for multiple performance characteristics have been derived by the Taguchi method using grey relational grade as the quality index. Optimal setting has been validated using confirmatory test. Considering these ECD parameters, verification of the improvement in the quality characteristics was made with a confirmation test with respect to the chosen initial or reference parameter setting. The outcomes of these experiments indicate the application feasibility of the proposed optimisation technique for continuous improvement in electrochemical deburring process.


A 61 year-old male with abnormal shadow on chest X-ray was admitted. Right upper lobectomy was performed on the suspicious diagnosis of benign lung tumor. The tumor arising from right upper lobe was 5 X 6 X 4.5 cm in diameter. The histological diagnosis was schwannoma. Intrapulmonary schwannoma is an extremely rare and we have found 13 reported cases among in Japanese literatures.


Abstract : The research includes an analysis of the stability requirements and an evaluation of feasible configurations for linear solid-state distributed amplifiers. In particular, the structures considered may have one or more negative parameters. The models investigated are divided into reciprocal and non-reciprocal types. Sufficient conditions for stable amplification are derived from a network model. The results show that for passive terminations, the characteristic impedance of a reciprocal transmission line must not have a negative real part for right half-plane frequencies. For amplification with distance down the line, the real part of the propagation constant must be negative. A line length is determined from the magnitude of the loop gain expression such that reflections at the terminations will not saturate the structure. For optimum gain, the line and load must be matched. Parameter tolerances are shown to complicate the matching of this reciprocal model and the load. (Author)


This study theoretical practical is based on the preparation and engine improvement I G10 Suzuki Forsa, in the modification of fixed, mobile element replacement and the use of technological tools to generate an accurate survey and analysis, and to achieve and control every effort that will be subject to new components, once the process engine faking it must meet the standards set by the Ecuadorian Federation of motor Sports to participate in various racing events nationwide.


Graduate village official is a new road for employment of graduates,and it is also a demand for social development.Defect of graduate village official requires the university to build scientific training mechanism on employment psychology.In this essay,the authors analyze the source of the problem and provide positive suggestions.


We have investigated the effects of intracellular K+ and Rb+ on single-channel currents recorded from the large-conductance Ca+2-activated K+ (BK) channel of the embryonic rat telencephalon using the inside-out patch-clamp technique. Our novel observation concerns the effects of these ions on rapid flickering of channel openings. Specifically, flicker gating was voltage dependent, i.e., it was reduced by depolarization in the -60 to -10 mV range with equimolar concentrations of K+ ions (150 KI+/150 K+). Removal of K' resulted in significant flickering at all potentials in this voltage range. In other words, the voltage dependence of flicker gating was effectively eliminated by the removal of K:+. This suggests that a K+ ion entering the channel from the intracellular medium binds, in a voltage-dependent manner, at a site that locks the flicker gate in its open position. No effects of changes in K+ were observed on the primary, voltage-dependent gate of the channel. The change in flickering did not cause a change in the mean burst duration, which indicates that the primary gate is stochastically independent of the flicker gate. Intracellular Rb+ can substitute for-and is even more effective than-K+ with regard to suppression of flickering. Substitution of Rb+ for Ki+ also increased the mean burst duration for V 2 -30 mV. Both effects of Rbi+ were removed by membrane hyperpolarization.


High-rate cathodic photoelectrolysis of CO{sub 2} was conducted in a high pressure CO{sub 2} + methanol medium at p-InP electrodes. Current densities up to 100 mA/cm{sup 2} were achieved, with current efficiencies up to 93% for CO production. The photoelectrochemical reduction of CO{sub 2} in the highly concentrated CO{sub 2}-methanol solution was limited at the higher current densities (50--100 mA/cm{sup 2}) by light intensity and not by the mass transport of CO{sub 2}.


The waverider has an extensive application prospect in the design of hypersonic vehicles due to its excellent aerodynamic efficiency. However, it is known that the original cone-derived waverider i...


Naturally, films are created for humans with normal hearing and vision functions. The question is, is it true that people who have visual disabilities are not able to  enjoy movies? A Technical Services Unit of  Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs located in Cimahi, West Java, named Sentra Abiyoso, has developed an innovative facilities for people with visual impairments, which is called "Bioskop Berbisik", meaning whispering cinema.  At Bioskop Berbisik, the visually impaired audiences will get help from a visual narrators who tell the storyline of the film. The presence of Bioskop Berbisik Sentra Abiyoso Cimahi is a manifestation of the fifth principle of Pancasila, Social Justice for All Indonesian People, as well as a manifestation of  SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals, UN General Assembly Agreement in 2015). As a model of social services for people with visual impairments, the presence of Bioskop Berbisik is interesting and important to observe and study, to see how the beneficiaries feel the sensations, and how the expected management strategy could continue consistently. To get the answer, the writers conducted research using the social experimental method with students of  SLBN-A Citeurep Cimahi as respondents.The conclusion of the study provides an answer that Bioskop Berbisik of Sentra Abiyoso Cimahi provides great benefits for people with visual impairments. On the other hand, the management of Sentra Abiyoso as a social service facility under the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia needs support from various parties to  maintain its sustainability and expand its benefits.


A depth detection apparatus is described which has a memory storing raw time-of-flight sensor data received from a time-of-flight sensor. The depth detection apparatus also has a trained machine learning component having been trained using training data pairs. A training data pair comprises at least one simulated raw time-of-flight sensor data value and a corresponding simulated ground truth depthvalue. The trained machine learning component is configured to compute in a single stage, for an item of the stored raw time-of-flight sensor data, a depth value of a surface depicted by the item, bypushing the item through the trained machine learning component.


In vivo 17O NMR has been used to monitor the H2 17O concentration in rat brain during inhalation of 17O2. The results are discussed in terms of oxygen consumption in the brain and recirculation into the brain of H2 17O produced in other organs. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.


Mozambican poultry industry might be an option to facilitate people's access to animal protein, as well as to reduce the dependence on imports of the product, bringing jobs and income forth. This study aimed to characterize and to analyze the competitiveness of poultry industry in Mozambique. Porter's Five Forces Model, which focuses on the five strengths that shape business competition, was applied. The results show a low level of competition within the industry, a limited supply of raw material and the fact that national products are commodities and competes with strong foreign participants. Domestic demand for chicken meat is increasing, but buyers base their decision mainly on price. Challenges include establishment of governance structure and policies for poultry sector and consumer welfare. Another alternative to improve the poultry industry in Mozambique is to promote technical cooperation with other countries, such as Brazil, in order to acquire specific structures for chicken production, genetic material and adequate nutrition.


Specimens of Ti6Al4V alloy were ion- implanted using a nitrogen plasma source N-PSII at temperature from 100℃ to 600℃ with dosage of 4×1017ions.cm-2. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) was used to determine the nitrogen concentration profiles. Micro hardness measurement and pin-on-disk wear were performed to evaluate the improvements of the surface modification. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was employed to determine the phases presented in the surface modified layer. The thickness of implanted layer increased by about an order of magnitude when the temperature was elevated from 100℃ to 600℃. Higher surface hardness and wear resistance were also obtained at higher temperature. With the increase of temperature, new phases (TiN, Ti2N) were performed in the surface modified layer.


One of the challenges in intensive care is the process of weaning from mechanical ventilation. We studied the differences in respiratory pattern variability between patients capable of maintaining spontaneous breathing during weaning trials and patients that fail to maintain spontaneous breathing. In this work, neural networks were applied to study these differences. 64 patients from mechanical ventilation are studied: Group S with 32 patients with Successful trials and Group F with 32 patients that Failed to maintain spontaneous breathing and were reconnected. A performance of 64.56% of well classified patients was obtained using a neural network trained with the whole set of 35 features. After the application of a feature selection procedure (backward selection) 84.56% was obtained using only 8 of the 35 features


Objective: To explore the clinical significance of p16 gene expression in gastric carcinoma and its role in the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.Methods: The expression of P16 in 68 patients with gastric carcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.Results: The expression levels of P16 protein in normal gastric tissues and gastric carcinoma tissues showed significant difference (P0.05).The expression levels of P16 protein in differentiated types and undifferentiated types also showed significant difference (P0.05).The positive rate of P16 protein in patients with lymphatic metastasis (28.57%) was significantly lower than that without lymphatic metastasis (61.53%) (P0.05),and the positive rate of P16 protein was not related to the infiltration degrees of gastric carcinoma.Conclusion: The abnormal expression of P16 is related to the poor biological behavior and may be helpful to evaluate the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.


Maneuverability describes a vehicle's ability to change course or turn. Maneuverability of conventional underwater vehicles, such as torpedoes, can be determined by altering the position and length of control fins. To perform large-area surveying tasks, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) generally require different maneuverability characteristics in their vertical and horizontal planes of motion. Furthermore, AUV are significantly slower than torpedoes, and control fins are relatively ineffective at slow speeds. While relying solely on control fins to determine the maneuverability, this study investigates the maneuverability characteristics of a flat-streamlined underwater vehicle. A planar motion mechanism (PMM) testing system is adopted to conduct a series of captive model tests in order to measure the stability derivatives of the vehicle, AUV-HM1. Stability and maneuvering indices are then derived from the measured data of stability derivatives. Finally, maneuvering criteria of a flat, baseline vehicle are evaluated using a prediction method.


This paper presents a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based generation of optimized drive signals for resonant converters using synchronous rectification (SR) applied to an arc welding machine. The proposed digital implementation makes the most of the FPGAs capabilities by setting in open loop the arc welding current with enough resolution to establish precisely the operation point, according to the welding technique and metal part requirements. It also optimizes other parameters of interest such as the initial and final welding transient. The resulting system is very flexible because is valid for Tungsten inert gas, shielded metal arc welding, and metal inert gas welding techniques. A novel ad-hoc SR control algorithm for current mode operation that eliminates the dead-times of the power MOSFETs' switching period is proposed. Finally, the experimental results are presented including an efficiency comparison between diodes and SR solutions.


Objective:To explore the reverse effects of valsartan and benazepril on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Method:Twenty four SHR were divided randomizedly into 4 groups of 6 rats each.Three groups were fed with valsartan of 8 mg/kg,of 24 mg/kg,benazepril of 1 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks respectively,while the remained group (control group)and the other 6 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were given NS only for equal time.Result:It was shown that BP has decreased markedly (P 0.05 ) in groups fed with valsartan and benazepril,which was more significant in SHR fed with 24 mg/kg valsartan than those fed with benazepril.The decresed BP value of two groups showed remarkable statistical difference(P 0.01 ).The traverse diameter of myocyte(TDM) of the SHR treated with benazepril was lower than that of the controled groups.The TDM and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) of SHR treated with valsartan 24 mg/kg showed much lower than those of controled groups and had obvious diversity (P 0.05 ) compared with the groups fed with benzepril.Conclusion:Both benazepril and valsartan have the effects of reversing LVH as well as of decreasing BP.The effect of valsartan depends on the given doses,and the strength of the effect of deceasing BP and reversing LVH is not congruent.Valsartan (24 mg/kg) is more effective than benazepril (1 mg/kg) in reversing LVH.


Video coding technology is the key of wireless video monitoring technology.This paper presents a system that it based on the video compression Andorid platform optimization design of the code.It Introduce the Android system and its application development.Moreover,this paper expounds the traditional H.264 coding modes selection thought,and the authors describe the modes selection optimization method.Use Android platform combined with DSP chip realize H.264 coding,Through contrast test,optimizing code in the fidelity and,to some extent,improve the speed of the algorithm.


Porphyry copper deposits represent the principal source of global copper supply. To address the questions of where future copper supplies are likely to come from and how much copper could exist within the upper kilometer of the earth's crust, the USGS led a cooperative international effort to assess the world's undiscovered Phanerozoic porphyry copper deposits using a geologybased, probabilistic form of mineral resource assessment (Singer and Menzie, 2010). Globally, 175 tracts permissive for porphyry copper deposits were defined to include volcanic and intrusive rocks of specified ranges of age and composition. The rocks represent: (1) magmatic arcs that developed on continental crust above subducting oceanic plates, (2) island arcs that formed on oceanic crust, and(or) (3) postconvergent magmatic belts within continents. Quantitative assessments of undiscovered resources were done for 155 of those permissive tracts.


Ceramic bearings working in liquid nitrogen are mainly lubricated by thin films transferred from the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based composite retainers. The thin films on silicon nitride ball surfaces are generated by the friction and interaction among the composite retainer, the balls, and the AISI 440C stainless steel rings. The characteristics of transfer lubricating films on silicon nitride ball surfaces generated during operation in liquid nitrogen at 2.4 and 2.8 GPa were analyzed. The distribution of thin films on the silicon nitride ball surfaces was observed by an optical microscope. The profile of transferred thin films was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The component and structure of transferred thin films were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectrometry. The results show that the distribution of transferred thin films on the silicon nitride ball surfaces is discontinuous and its thickness is about one micrometer. The upper layer of the transfer films, about 100 nm thick, degrades under a heavy load, generating metal fluoride. The bonding strength between the degradation layer and its basis is very weak.


There is a close relationship between Taiwanese media development and democratic progress. The Political Talk Show became the main stream within the TV programs from the open of Cable TV channels since 1993. The Political Talk Show always was expected to reach the function of Public forum, however it was criticized to become the social chaos for a long time. This dissertation observes the Political Talk Show from the bias view points. It parted the development of Taiwanese Political Talk Show into the rebel against monopoly period, the resist between blue and green party period, the disclosure period and the drama-like period. This dissertation analyzes the factors which influence Political Talk Show from within the organization, outside organizational issues and ideology. From the longitudinal historical study and cross sectional research of factors, this research found the Political Talk Show can raise to editorial status of the media group. Its trend was to reflect the influence of political and economic factor at that time. Those forms of expression were to reflect the benefit-maximization and the optimization of resource-usage from doers during different periods of time. The competition among medias and programs are not only simply to compete with audience rating, but also a part of entire advantages for the media group. Even within the tendency toward globalization of audiovisual industry, the television stations still reinforce the controlling power via the content and abolishment of programs. The dissertation proposes the following viewpoints. First, the Political Talk Show as the public debate space was only imagination of presumption. Secondly, the Political Talk Show was a theatrical and closed declaration space. Finally, globalization is going to cause the trend of non-politicization for the media groups.


IMEC, vzw Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Abstract The watermark (WM) formation process has been reported in literature for many years [1]. Evaporation of ultra-pure water (UPW) from Si surfa ces is more complicated than the well-known coffee ring phenomenon due to the kinetics of chemical interact ions between oxygen containing UPW and silicon surface [ 23]. The resulting watermarks are composed of a flat "bed" inside a rather narrow ring of residue [2]. In this paper the dynamics of the evaporative drying of UPW-droplets on a hydrophobic Si surface in a controlled ambient is s tudied. A quantitative study of the WM residue volume and m ass as well as topological distribution of residue is p erformed from low to high ambient humidity. The effects of oxygen in the gas phase and dissolved O 2 concentration in UPW are investigated for different levels of ambien t humidity. Experiment & Measurement Unless otherwise stated, tests are performed in a 30 Liter glass box that is purged with nitrogen wit h a controlled concentration of water vapor in the RH r ange of 20–70 %. UPW droplets (with a volume of 1 to 8 μL) are deposited on ultra clean dilute-HF-last silicon wafers placed in the box . The box is then closed immediat ly to minimize the time of transient poorly uncontrolled ambient (clean room air). As a result of the loadin g procedure some oxygen is expected to remain in the ambient. The oxygen concentration was below 1%, whi ch is the sensitivity limit of the measurement tool. T he RH increase due to evaporation of the droplet can be neglected: even the largest droplet result in an in crease in RH < 1.5 %. The evaporation of the droplet is monit ored visually. After total evaporation of the UPW drople t, the geometry of the remaining residue is measured by a HighResolution Profilometry (HRP) (KLA-Tencor). A mathematical algorithm is developed to calculate th e volume of the WM, based on the HRP profile: the vol ume of the ring-component is extracted separately from the central bed-volume (inside Fig.1). The volume is converted to mass by assuming a silica-density of 2 .65 kg/cm. Result and discussion On all of our samples clear residues could be detected. The formation of the residue is due to a chemical reaction between the oxygen dissolving fro m ambient into the droplet and the substrate. In figu re 1 the drying residue mass of a 3μL size UPW droplet is pl otted for different ambient humidity. It can be observed that the longer evaporation time for high ambient humidity resulted in more residues. The constant droplet siz resulted into the same initial wetting area with a diameter of around 3 mm for all RHs. This increase in residu e mass is affected mostly by the longer evaporation time i n case of high ambient humidity. Figure 2 shows drying residue mass as a funct ion of the initial UPW droplet volume for different level s of ambient humidity. It is clear that residue mass inc reases linearly with the initial droplet volume. A larger initial droplet volume results in a larger wetting area but also in a longer drying time. A bigger wetting area leads t o a larger interaction area with the substrate and thus production of a larger residue. The increase in res idu volume can be attributed to both an increase in wet ting area as well as in drying time. Figure 3 exhibits the effect of oxygen concen tration on the residue mass as a function of the initial dr oplet volume at 42% relative humidity of clean room air. The mass of the residue formed in air ambient is only 2-3 times higher than in nitrogen ambient containing le ss than 1% O2. This relatively small difference is less than the difference in the oxygen concentration. Further stu dy on how oxygen dissolved in the contact line of the dif ferent droplet shape is ongoing. Also the separation of th e residue topography into a ring-part and a flat "bed " will be further explained. Conclusion This quantitative study on WM formation i n different ambient humidity showed indeed linearly increase of the drying residue mass as a function o f UPW droplet volume. The ambient oxygen diffusion at the contact line is the key factor to develop a model f or predicting the amount of final residue of WMs. References [1] R. Picknett et al., J. Colloid Int. Sci., 61, (1977) 336. [2] N. Belmiloud et al., ECS, J. Solid state Sci. T ech., 1, (2012), 34. [3] M. Watanabe et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 4, (199 8) 401.


Key Points Question Is the Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI), a novel county-level index designed to quantify maternal vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, associated with preterm birth (PTB)? Findings In this cohort study using 2018 national birth certificate data for 3 659 099 births, PTB rates were significantly lower among individuals with very low MVI compared with those with very high MVI (7% vs 10%). The association between very high MVI and PTB remained after adjustment for patient characteristics. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that the MVI is a useful measure for county-level PTB risk and may provide guidance for communities working to improve perinatal health.


Strong cryptographic schemes are used for securing the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Even if a strong cipher is used for encryption/ decryption of messages in any form of WSN communication, if the key is compromised and it no longer remains secret, the security of the underlying network is compromised. Therefore key management schemes play a very vital role in the maintenance of security of any system. This paper deals with a secure key management scheme for the WSN which does not rely on a single key. Rather this scheme uses a combination of all key types like 'in-network generated keys', 'broadcasted keys' and 'pre-deployed keys' to come up with a robust keying mechanism for the WSN.


The ability to make good decisions is important to people in all areas of lives. This is also evident in sports games where players have a very limited time to obtain, interpret and analyze information on ever-changing situations before they decide on their actions. Using common basketball game scenarios, this research compares and evaluates decisions made by novice and experienced basketball players of different ages. Adapted from the decision-making test developed by McMorris and Graydon in 1996, this computer-based test comprises 25 common basketball game scenarios, of which 20 are unique, and 5 are repeated for consistency checks. For each scenario, participants decide if the player with the ball should hold on to the ball, pass it to another team mate, dribble the ball or attempt a shot. The participant's choice of action and the time taken to make the decision are the dependent variables analyzed. All 20 unique scenarios were reviewed by expert coaches with at least 10 years of coaching experience. We identified 10 of these scenarios as straight-forward (easy) as all the coaches agree on the same choice of action. The remaining 10 scenarios are deemed as ambiguous (difficult) as the coaches have differing views on the best choice of action for the scenario. In this paper, we investigate how the decisions made by players differ from that of coaches and the time taken to decide.


We have examined the effects of vanadium(V) oxide in a magnesium-molybdenum oxide catalyst on the activity in the oxidation dehydration of n-butane to butadiene in argon (nitrogen) and water vapor. Adding vanadium oxide to an Mg-Mo-O oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst was found to substantially increases the activity when steam is used as the diluent. A V-Mg-Mo-O oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst can be made in a form active and selective in the presence of steam if the vanadium oxide is deposited on the active surface of the Mg-Mo-O catalyst or on salts whose subsequent pyrolysis gives magnesium molybdate.


The propagation and the evolution of dissipative solitons in fibers with a gain and a saturable absorption are investigated. It is shown that the combined action of a nonlinear refractive index resulting in frequency chirp of pulses and of a frequency dispersion of gain induces the negative feedback. As a result, the sequence of dissipative solitons is stabilized: the weak pules are suppressed, the powerful pulses with different amplitudes are equalized.


Abstract : Indolent prostate cancers that pose very low risk to aged men occur frequently and may be detected at biopsy, leading to the contemporary problem of prostate cancer over-diagnosis and over-treatment. The objective of the project is to define and characterize indolent prostate cancer using genomic approaches in the clinically relevant context of a cohort meeting the entry criteria for active surveillance. During the funding period, we collaborated with urologists and pathologists involved in the active surveillance program, and focused on evaluation of technical feasibility, acquisition of specimen resources, and optimization of the workflow. While this exploratory work established that high quality nucleic acid molecules can be extracted from select tumor lesions, comprehensive analysis of a large cohort of men diagnosed with very low risk prostate cancer may require further technical optimization as well as optimization of clinical workflow to ensure compatibility with high-throughput studies of small pathological lesions.


Abstract
 A description is provided for Thecotheus keithii, which has been recorded on dung. Apart from a single record associated with Ranunculus repens, nothing is known about any associations with other fungi, micro-organisms or plants. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Ontario), USA (Alaska, Michigan, Oregon)), Asia (Japan), Europe (Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus (e.g. as a recycler, as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.). Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.


When a coiled pipe rotates about the coil axis, the effect of rotation interacts with centrifugal and viscous effects to complicate the flow characteristics beyond those usually seen in stationary curved pipes. Following previous papers on the flow and heat transfer characteristics for flows with large Rossby number, the effects of small Rossby number on the characteristics are studied for fully developed laminar flows through computational studies.


To expand the services that are based on Japanese Sign Language (JSL) for deaf and hard of hearing people, we developed a support system for viewing sports program. The system provides sign language computer graphics (CG) animations and other auxiliary information such as text, image, and notifications automatically generated from game metadata. Results obtained from gathered opinions showed that the system is effective for understanding the situation when a game is interrupted.


In the last several years, laser based material processing has established itself in many industrial branches as an economical manufacturing process. Laser remote cutting in particular is widespread in the automotive sector. In order to take full advantage of laser remote cutting, it is necessary to position the laser beam precisely on the workpiece using a handling kinematic system. Therefore, this work focuses on the combination of standard industrial robots with laser scanner optics. To address this configuration, this paper proposes a method for the calibration of the parameters, which describe the precise position of the 3D laser scanner optics in respect to the robot. Moreover, the robot introduces a new source of deviation, which is then compensated by using an external measuring system to guide the scanner optics during processing.


'Value Taxonomy' has two objectives. First, it presents a range of approaches to classifying values. In doing so, it brings to the fore key notions and distinctions that play important roles in value theory in general, but especially in this work, such as intrinsic/final value, final/non-final value, intrinsic/extrinsic value, and relational/non-relational value; derivative and non-derivative value; attributive and predicative use. In value theory, the nature of the value-making features functions as a gateway to how we should understand many of the above distinctions. The chapter considers therefore some advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Second, 'Value Taxonomy' introduces some of the key issues in formal and substantive value theory, respectively, for a reader who is not familiar with contemporary value theory.


Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin is a rare disease. Accurate clinical staging with physical exam and imaging is important and determines the treatment. Evidence-based management is challenging because there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials and existing literature seldom distinguishes between anal canal and margin tumors. In this article, we review the anatomy, presentation, classification, and clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin.


In this paper, we proposed the efficient addressing scheme for improving the performance of routing algorithm by using ZigBee in Smart Grid environment. In a 16-bit address space and the network size of a few thousands, it is very unlikely to suffer from frequent address collisions. In response, we propose an elegant (x, y, z) coordinate axes addressing scheme from divided address space of 16 bit and its routing algorithm. One of disadvantages of (x, y) coordinate axes addressing, however, is that any router may not hold as many children as proposed, since sensor nodes tend to be connected to a geographically nearby router. We also present an adaptive routing algorithm for location-aware routing algorithms, using our addressing scheme. As a result, each node was reduced not only bitwise but also multi hop using the coordinate axes while routing and the effective address assignment and routing is to minimize the average energy consumption of each node in the network.


From the point of view of digital technology, this paper analyzes the necessity of the design of the ancient architecture group of Ming and Qing dynasties and the digital museum of folk custom and culture of "three sculptures" in Jinxi County, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province. In this paper, the frame structure of digital museum is briefly listed, the Photoshop, Premiere, After Effects,3Dmax, Unity 3D software used in digital museum design is analyzed, and the picture and video database of ancient buildings of Ming and Qing dynasties in Zhuqiao Ancient Village is described in detail. The flow of the VR roaming platform of Yu's Grand Temple and the 360-degree panoramic interaction of Zhuqiao Ancient Village buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties. The technical method provides a comprehensive application of digital technology for the construction of digital museum, and provides a reference method for the protection, transmission and experience of folk culture.


Skin carcinomas are the most common form of cancer, and every year thousands of people die from skin cancer‐related malignancies. Chronic inflammation is linked to the development and progression of cancer in multiple organ systems – about 20% of all human cancers are a result of chronic inflammation – skin included. While acute inflammation under normal circumstances is a mechanism for host defence and tissue regeneration following insult by trauma or infection by pathogens, over the long term it can drive oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells and promote cancer development, growth and metastasis. Therefore, inflammatory conditions may put individuals at a higher risk to developing skin malignancies. Many skin conditions are characterized by chronic inflammatory processes. These conditions may be particularly susceptible to malignant transformation and predispose patients to develop skin malignancies. As more pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory skin conditions is unveiled, we find that many of these conditions are characterized by immune dysregulation and signalling that result in chronic activation and upregulation of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, leading to downstream processes that further exacerbate inflammatory processes and cause abnormal cell growth and apoptosis. Here, we review the major chronic cutaneous inflammatory diseases that may have an increased risk of skin malignancies, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, hidradenitis suppurativa, prurigo nodularis, lichen sclerosus, systemic sclerosis and morphea, chronic leg ulcers, seborrheic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma. We evaluate the evidence for increased incidence and prevalence, the risk factors associated, the populations at heightened risk and the best management practices.


Love Button is a successful miniature novel by Shen Ping.It presents many representative characteristics of miniature novels to the readers by the use of the property——love button,and the author makes painstaking effort on the finis of the novel which forms its unique style.


(86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2013/064O29 57 ABSTRACT S371 (c)(1), (57) (2) Date: Dec. 12, 2014 The present invention relates to crisp baked products with Related U.S. Application Data improved storage stability and to a method for preparing (60) Provisional application No. 61/668.209, filed on Jul. 5, these. The method comprises preparing the crisp baked prod 2012. uct from a dough or batter to which Xylanase has been added.


Despite the fact that Jane Austen is recognized as a major literary figure, her language has received less attention than might be expected. Tieken-Boon sets out to fill a significant gap by undert...


Acknowledgement I would especially like to thank my supervisor Georg Raffelt, who introduced me to this exciting subject and helped me prepare for a life as a physicist. I would also like to thank Wolfram Weise for his willing support, and for teaching me quantum mechanics. Thanx to Klaus Böcker for listening to all my crazy ideas, and to Björn Pötter for his computer guidance. Extra thanx to Mr. Hiermeier who never gave up showing me the fun in Mathematics. Peace to everybody else who should be standing here, I'd never be finished.


Aiming at the web attacks, this paper presented a program-based intrusion detection system to protect Web server based on the analysis of data source and intrusion detection technique. Then, it extended to the object of safety specification and data source so as to meet the requirements to protect Web server. In conclusion, as a new intrusion detection technology, it can be applied to detect attacks against the Web server vulnerabilities effectively.


In recent years, the "Beautiful Countryside Construction Action" has received positive responses from all parts of the country. As the carrier of rural regional characteristics, rural road landscape is an important part of the construction of beautiful villages and has become the focus of attention. Originally through the analysis of big data, the development status of the beautiful rural construction in Fujian Province was explained, the problems existing in the beautiful rural construction in Fujian Province were discussed, the basic principles and construction goals of the beautiful rural landscape construction were analyzed, and the characteristics of the beautiful rural landscape construction project were combined. This article proposes several types of beautiful rural landscape construction, and discusses the ideas and countermeasures of the beautiful rural landscape construction in Fujian from the perspective of landscape construction, in order to provide a research foundation for the construction of beautiful rural landscapes in the future.


Access adapter DMA address space. Modification instruction to the specified limits of the new PCI DMA address space information block. Those with access to the address space in parallel, adjust the size of the address space. It may be the size of a read or write operation in parallel, to increase or decrease the address space in the address space. Also, clear the cache entries associated with the reduced size of the address space of.


Composition operators from Bloch-type spaces to classes, from to , and from to are considered. The criteria for these operators to be bounded or compact are given. Our study also includes the corresponding hyperbolic spaces.


This paper is concerned with optimal control problems for the coupled Cahn– Hilliard/Navier–Stokes system related to 'model H' of Hohenberg and Halperin [20]. It proposes a time-discretization allowing suitable energy estimates, that in particular force the total energy to decrease without control action, and it considers distributed as well as boundary control of the fluid. For nonsmooth potentials, including the double-obstacle potential contained in the associated Ginzburg-Landau energy, a regularization procedure based on a mollified Moreau-Yosida approximation is applied. The resulting regularized problems are discretized by finite elements and solved via a gradient descent method. Several numerical examples document the behavior of the algorithm as well as the controlled Cahn–Hilliard/Navier–Stokes system for boundary and for distributed control.


: The sensitivity conjecture is a famous open problem in the theory of boolean functions. Let f be a boolean function defined on the hypercube. The sensitivity of a node x is the number of its neighbours in the hypercube, for which f give the opposite value as that it does on x. The sensitivity conjecture speculates that if all nodes have low sensitivity, then the function f must be simple. Concretely, all its Fourier mass is supported on levels with low hamming weight. Recently, Gopalan et al [CCC 2016] conjectured a robust analogue of the sensitivity conjecture: if most of the nodes have low sensitivity, then most of the Fourier mass is supported on levels with low hamming weight. They also prove it under the stronger assumption that all nodes have low sensitivity. In this work, we prove this conjecture, with near tight quantitative bounds. Joint work with Avishay Tal (IAS) and Jiapeng Zhang (UCSD).


Background: The intestinal parasitic nematode is among the most common causes of human infectious disease worldwide.The mouse whipworm Trichuris muris has been extensively used as a model to study human whipworm infection. Areca seeds ( A. catechu L .) have long been known as antihelmintic. This study aimed to examine the effect of ethanol extract and ethylacetate fraction of areca seeds ( Areca Catechu L .) on changes in worm intensity in mice ( Mus Musculus ) given per-oral infectious Trichuris Muris eggs. Subjects and Method: This was experiment study with post-test only control group design conducted at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Laboratory, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan. A sample of 10 male micewas randomly assigned to 7 group: (1) negative control (normal);(2) induction of 200 T. Muris infective eggs (positive control); (3) induction of 200 T. Muris infective eggs and ethanol ekstract areca seeds p.o. (per oral) 100 mg/kgbw;(4) induction of 200 T. Muris infective eggs and ethanol ekstract areca seeds, p.o. 150 mg/kgbw;(5) induction of 200 T. Muris infective eggs and ethylacetate fraction of areca seeds p.o. 100 mg/kgbw;(6) induction of 200 T. Muris infective eggs and ethylacetate fraction of areca seeds, p.o. 150 mg/kgbw; (7) induction of 200 T. Muris infective eggs and Albendazol p.o. 1 mg/20 g. Intensity was described in Mean and SD. Results: Intensity of worm T. muris after days-37 was as followed. In positive control or group 2, there were 13 worms (Mean=1.30; SD=1.41). In group 3, there were 2 worms (Mean=0.20; SD=0.42). In group 4, there were no worms. In group 5, there were 8 worms (Mean=0.80; SD=0.91). In group 6, there were 22 worms (Mean=2.20; SD=2.34). In group 7, there were 9 worms (Mean=0.90; SD=1.10). The pairwise statis-tical significance (p values) was as followed. Groups 1 - 2 (p= 0.005), groups 2-3 (p= 0.040), groups 2-4(p= 0.005), groups 3-6(p= 0.004), groups 4-5 (p=0.013), groups 4-6 (p=0.001), groups 4-7 (p=0.013).The remaining pairwise Mean differences were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of areca seeds 150mg / kgbw is more effective as an anti-helmintic than the ethylacetate fraction of areca seeds and albendazole.


EDITOR'S SUMMARYIn a search for classic works on information architecture, Joyce's Ulysses and Richard Saul Wurman's The City, Form and Intent are each compared internally across different versions and considered in terms of content, context and user. Each author modified readers' experiences through changes in the content and physical form of their works. Wurman's 1963 work, a loose‐leaf collection reflecting architecture through clay models of cities, was redone in 1974 with the same content but different physical presentation. Joyce's Ulysses was marked by variations across versions, with omissions, additions and typographic errors carried inconsistently through editions, leaving the author's intended meaning ambiguous. The context of Wurman's work was the very early stage in the author's career. The context of production of Ulysses involved composition, editing, publishing, correction and republishing across multiple channels, making consideration of the totality of the editions key to understanding the information architecture of the work. Users of Wurman's original print work exalted it, while users of a 2014 spin‐off web project see it from a different perspective. Similarly, the user experience for Ulysses varies widely, depending largely on which edition is read. The analysis and internal comparison of the two works highlight the importance of both content knowledge and technical skill throughout any information architecture project. Whether they will serve as masterworks for the field remains an open question.


An intense slow positron beam is in its early stages of operation at the 1‐MW open‐pool PULSTAR research reactor at North Carolina State University. The positron beam line is installed in a beam port that has a 30‐cm×30‐cm cross sectional view of the core. The positrons are created in a tungsten converter/moderator by pair‐production using gamma rays produced in the reactor core and by neutron capture reactions in cadmium cladding surrounding the tungsten. Upon moderation, slow (∼3 eV) positrons that are emitted from the moderator are electrostatically extracted, focused and magnetically guided until they exit the reactor biological shield with 1‐keV energy, approximately 3‐cm beam diameter and an intensity exceeding 6×108 positrons per second. A magnetic beam switch and transport system has been installed and tested that directs the beam into one of two spectrometers. The spectrometers are designed to implement state‐of‐the‐art PALS and DBS techniques to perform positron and positronium annihilation stud...


The process of atmospheric corrosion of the alloy MgIn has been investigated by means of reflection high energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and other techniques. The alloy surface in the as-polished state has a metallic luster but is already covered with a thin composite film consisting of magnesium oxide and isolated indium. When exposed to an atmosphere of high humidity, it is corroded forming a number of pits which are filled with corrosion products. Corrosion proceeds continuously until the alloy is changed into black, brittle products consisting of magnesium hydroxide and isolated indium metal. The latter then appears on the surface of the products in the form of whiskers and massive extrusions.


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Large ponderomotive forces can occur when waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) are employed in stabilization or high power heating schemes. It is shown that the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium of the plasma is modified when the rf antenna is localized poloidally and/or toroidally. In the two‐dimensional (2‐D) problem (toroidally uniform rf) a modified Grad–Shafranov equation describes ponderomotively driven magnetic surface distortions. At electric field strengths of interest for ICRF stabilization, the equilibrium distortions are small provided that Lrf≪a and the poloidal localization of the rf is not severe. The character of the 3‐D problem (toroidally and poloidally varying rf) depends on whether or not the ponderomotive force couples to rational surfaces within the plasma. For the case without rational surfaces, the 3‐D component of the distortions is found to be small by 1/q2a relative to the 2‐D component. In the case where rational surfaces are excited, magnetic islands resu...