Simple Summary Radiotherapy, in the form of either whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), continues as the standard of care for patients of non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases (NSCLCBM). Recently, targeted therapies have emerged as systemic options for brain metastases with certain genetic mutations. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed against EGFR protein (EGFR-TKI) have come forth as the preferred treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC and have also shown promise in NSCLCBM. However, there have been few studies comparing the synergistic effects of EGFR-TKIs and radiotherapy in NSCLCBM. This study is one of the few that investigates survival rates between standard radiotherapy modalities and a combination of radiotherapies and EGFR-TKIs. Our data may help guide clinicians in future treatment plans for EGFR-mutated NSCLCBM patients. Abstract Introduction: Traditionally, brain metastases have been treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), whole-brain radiation (WBRT), and/or surgical resection. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), over half of which carry EGFR mutations, are the leading cause of brain metastases. EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown promise in NSCLC; but their utility in NSCLC brain metastases (NSCLCBM) remains unclear. This work sought to investigate whether combining EGFR-TKI with WBRT and/or SRS improves overall survival (OS) in NSCLCBM. Methods: A retrospective review of NSCLCBM patients diagnosed during 2010–2019 at a tertiary-care US center was performed and reported following the 'strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology' (STROBE) guidelines. Data regarding socio-demographic and histopathological characteristics, molecular attributes, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes were collected. Concurrent therapy was defined as the combination of EGFR-TKI and radiotherapy given within 28 days of each other. Results: A total of 239 patients with EGFR mutations were included. Of these, 32 patients had been treated with WBRT only, 51 patients received SRS only, 36 patients received SRS and WBRT only, 18 were given EGFR-TKI and SRS, and 29 were given EGFR-TKI and WBRT. Median OS for the WBRT-only group was 3.23 months, for SRS + WBRT it was 3.17 months, for EGFR-TKI + WBRT 15.50 months, for SRS only 21.73 months, and for EGFR-TKI + SRS 23.63 months. Multivariable analysis demonstrated significantly higher OS in the SRS-only group (HR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.17–0.84, p = 0.017) compared to the WBRT reference group. There were no significant differences in overall survival for the SRS + WBRT combination cohort (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.60, 2.82, p = 0.50), EGFR-TKIs and WBRT combination cohort (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.41, 2.08, p = 0.85), or the EGFR-TKI + SRS cohort (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.20, 1.09, p = 0.07). Conclusions: NSCLCBM patients treated with SRS had a significantly higher OS compared to patients treated with WBRT-only. While sample-size limitations and investigator-associated selection bias may limit the generalizability of these results, phase II/III clinicals trials are warranted to investigate synergistic efficacy of EGFR-TKI and SRS.


Abstract The planning of water resources depends on the type and size of projects, the ecological factors involved, etc. Emphasis is placed on presenting an overview of water resources through meteorological, hydrological, ecological and economic data. Economic data include all costs and benefits, specifically those hitherto under estimated, environmental social costs and benefits. This study was carried out on the Bedthi and Aghnashini rivers in the Uttara Kannada district of the Western Ghats region, Karnataka State, India. It is estimated that 720 and 510 million kWh of electricity can be generated in Bedthi and Aghnashini River basins, respectively, if all the streams are harnessed. Focusing on land submergence impact, a model is proposed to minimize submergence and maximize net energy in a region with seasonal power generation, reservoir storage capacity (to meet the region's demand during all seasons) and installed generation capacity as the decision variables. Net energy analyses incorporating biomass energy lost in submergence show that maximization in net energy at a site is possible if the hydroelectric generation capacity is adjusted according to the seasonal variations in the river's water discharge. A Decision Support System (DSS) used for optimal design of hydroelectric projects in Uttara Kannada district is discussed.


Here, Nagy and colleagues use genome-wide approaches to uncover the activity of RXR, an enigmatic member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. RXR signaling is predicted to have a major impact in macrophages, but neither the biological consequence nor the genomic basis of its ligand activation is known. Integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, GRO-seq, and 3C-seq, the authors unravel the mechanism of RXR-induced transcriptional events in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Importantly, this study uncovers a novel biological activity—angiogenesis—that is promoted by the receptor.


This article was the first to describe the successful use of large-bore (5 French) intermediate catheters as the primary modality to treat large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke.1 This case series represents an important technical description, which highlights the advances in engineering technology that allowed for safe delivery of large catheters into the intracranial circulation. The impact of this article has been significant, with multiple downstream effects beyond the technical aspects. …


In the 1996 Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial, selenium supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. This relationship was further studied in two large well‐ designed clinical trials, but no significant associations were found. However, the study populations in both of these trials had a moderate to high selenium status while the NPC trial population had a low selenium status [3]. It is now suggested that selenium supplementation may protect against cancer in populations with a low selenium status.


A special type of comb waveform based on the Hermite function space is described. This family of waveforms is well-suited for providing simultaneous range and Doppler resolution, is relatively efficient in its use of sonar projector power, and is especially amenable to the use of constrained regularized deconvolution methods to robustly reduce sidelobes and retain intrinsic range and Doppler resolution.


A flame-retardant resin composition comprising: a propylene polymer comprising an ethylene unit in the range of 1 to 15 mass%; a styrene thermoplastic elastomer, wherein the weight ratio of styrene elastomer is to propylene polymer in the range of 30/70 to 5/95; and Magnesium hydroxide, prepared by milling a natural mineral.


This study aims to measure the impact of science fiction estories effectiveness on achievement and learning speed in Science subject for intermediate grade students. The importance of this study lies in providing a new way depending on science fiction e-stories in science subject that fosters students' achievement because stories remain alive in memory and it is not easy to forget them especially if they are associated to fiction. These stories also lead to learning speed because there is a tremendous amount of science can be learnt in a short time with greatest pleasure and great benefit as well as they benefit teachers and encourage them to use modern educational methods. This study serves those concerned to construct and develop curricula in Ministry of Education with respect to the reformulation of the content of science subject for intermediate grade in the light of science fiction stories.There are two approaches were used to proceed with the study problem, descriptive analytical approach is one of them. This approach study is a description of phenomena or facts to reach to generalizations and conclusions enabling us to develop the reality we teach. The second approach is a quasi-experimental approach that is used in educational studies. These studies aim to knowledge, testing and examining of the casual relationship. Thus, they are not limited to description and diagnosis of relations but also they examine the relationship and make sure of its validity or falsity through this testing.Study sample consisted of (60) students in the first grade and they were divided into two groups: the experimental group consisting of (30) students and the control group consisting of (30) students. The experimental group applied science fiction e-stories designed by the researcher in lessons of digestive system and nutrition in science subject - the first intermediate grade -, achievement test and learning speed test and conclusions showed that students of experimental group surpassed their peers in the control group in the average scores of achievement test. This test was statistically significant with a value of (28.8). Those students also surpassed their peers in the control group in the grades average of the learning speed test and this test was statistically significant with a value of (19.3).


We have demonstrated visible and ultraviolet random laser actions simultaneously from highly disordered ZnO polycrystalline thin films under optical excitation. It is found that the realization of ZnO grain boundaries by thermal annealing can provide sufficient optical gain (i.e., related to deep-defect-level radiative recombination) and coherent feedback to achieve random laser action at visible wavelength. Furthermore, the coexistence of visible and ultraviolet random lasings inside the highly disordered ZnO films is due to the size difference of the random cavities at different wavelengths.


A proposal to reintroduce immigration quotas was approved by the Swiss electorate in a vote on 9 February. The vote has raised questions about Switzerland and the EU's relationship as immigration quotas are incompatible with the principle of free movement which is contained within the bilateral treaties underpinning the Swiss-EU relationship. Clive H Church writes on the reaction both in Europe and within Switzerland over the last six months. He notes that opinion has become polarised over the issue in the country and that it may now be difficult for a pragmatic solution to emerge which is acceptable to both the EU and the supporters of the proposal.


Abstract— Exposure to artificial UV wavelengths and the UV component of sunlight delays positive phototaxis in the green alga Volvox aureus. Broad band wavelength filters were used to modify the output from UV‐B sources (280–320 nm) and natural sunlight. The delay in phototaxis by artificial UV is increased with exposure to shorter UV‐B wavelengths. Natural sunlight experiments were performed with exposure to full sunlight and to its UV component only. The UV component present in summer sunlight produced long periods of inhibition in phototaxis and even lethality, while exposure to the total spectrum of sunlight had no significant effects on movement or survival. The data indicate that although this species of alga is well equipped to deal with present levels of UV exposure, increases in the short UV‐B wavelengths in sunlight may force an alteration in patterns of photomovement.


The central task in computing is designing of efficient computational methods, or algorithms, for solving problems. An algorithm is a precise description of steps to be performed to accomplish a task or solve a problem. Recursion or recursive thinking is a key concept in solving problems and designing efficient algorithms to do so.Often when trying to solve a problem, one encounters a situation where the solution to a larger instance of the problem can be obtained if an appropriate smaller instance (or several smaller instances) of the same problem could be solved. Similarly, often one can define functions where values at "larger" arguments of the function are based on its own value at "smaller" argument values. In the same vein, sometimes it is possible to describe how to construct larger objects from smaller objects of similar type. However, the obvious question/difficulty here is how does one obtain solution to smaller instances. If one were to think as before (recursively!) this would require solving further smaller instances (sub-instances) of the same problem. Solving these sub-instances could lead to requiring solution of subsub-instances, etc. This could all become very confusing and the insight that the larger problem could have been solved using the solutions to the smaller problems would be useless if indeed one could not in some systematic way take advantage of it. Use of proper recursive definitions and notation allows us to avoid this confusion and harness the power of recursive thinking. As an example of a recursive method of computation consider the wellknown factorial function (N !). N ! is defined to be N × (N − 1)× (N − 2)× . . . × 2 × 1. How can one compute the factorial function? One can do that by multiplying the numbers 1 through N . But an alternative way to think about solving the problem is the following: If one could compute (N − 1)!, one could compute N ! by simply multiplying (N −1)! by N . In other words, N ! = N × (N − 1)!. Interestingly enough, today we can program this very simply as a computational method.Most high-level programming languages


Recently bought by rivals Boeing, McDonnell Douglas has a long history in the airliner business, stretching back to World War II and the DC-3. This volume covers all their aircraft, from the DC-3 to the 405-seater MD-11 trijet.


A hierarchy of models is used to explore the role of the ocean in mediating the response of the climate to a single volcanic eruption and to a series of eruptions by drawing cold temperature anomalies into its interior, as measured by the ocean heat exchange parameter q (W m−2 K−1). The response to a single (Pinatubo-like) eruption comprises two primary time scales: one fast (year) and one slow (decadal). Over the fast time scale, the ocean sequesters cooling anomalies induced by the eruption into its depth, enhancing the damping rate of sea surface temperature (SST) relative to that which would be expected if the atmosphere acted alone. This compromises the ability to constrain atmospheric feedback rates measured by λ (~1 W m−2 K−1) from study of the relaxation of SST back toward equilibrium, but yields information about the transient climate sensitivity proportional to λ + q. Our study suggests that q can significantly exceed λ in the immediate aftermath of an eruption. Shielded from damping to the atmosphere, the effect of the volcanic eruption persists on longer decadal time scales. We contrast the response to an "impulse" from that of a "step" in which the forcing is kept constant in time. Finally, we assess the "accumulation potential" of a succession of volcanic eruptions over time, a process that may in part explain the prolongation of cold surface temperatures experienced during, for example, the Little Ice Age.


Purpose The recombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) containing the streptococcal inhibitor of the complement gene (rBCG-sic) may be more resistant to antimicrobial peptides and improve internalization; therefore, it can enhance the immunotherapeutic effect of the BCG. Here we determined the optimal dose of rBCG-sic and compared its effectiveness with that of BCG. Materials and Methods We fabricated a high-throughput 3D-bioprinted bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) and used it to evaluate the effectiveness of the rBCG-sic in terms of cell viability, cell migration, and cytokine concentrations. Using an orthotopic mouse model, we evaluated its anticancer effect and toxicity via bioluminescence imaging. Results T24 cell viability was decreased after treatment with rBCG-sic 30 multiplicities of infection (MOI) versus the same dosage of mock BCG (42.8%±6.4% vs. 75.7%±6.6%, p<0.05). THP-1 cell migration was positively correlated with rBCG-sic concentration (2.42-fold at 30MOI, p<0.01). The interleukin-6 concentration of rBCG-sic 30MOI was significantly higher than that of mock BCG 30MOI (11.2±1.3 pg/mL vs. 6.7±0.6 pg/mL, p<0.05). In the orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, lower tumor volume was observed in the rBCG-sic 30MOI group than in the BCG 30MOI group after 10 days of treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions We concluded that rBCG-sic is a useful tool for overcoming BCG unresponsiveness in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Additionally, high-throughput BCOC with a microfluidic system can successfully reflect the bladder cancer microenvironment.


New early-budding and high-yielding green Tea cultivar—"Xiang Bo Lu 2", suitable for processing green tea, has been selected by means of systematic selection and vegetative propagation from the progeny of natural hybridization of Fuding Dabai Cha and other cultivars. After several years' variety comparison, several areas' plant experiments and production demonstration, the results indicated that "Xiang Bo Lu 2" was sprouted early in spring just like"Fuding Dabai Cha" which was the control; fresh leave yield was higher more than the control by variance analysis, and the difference reached extremely significant level; inclusion in leaf was rich, especially amino acid content exceeded the control obviously; suitable for the manufacture of green tea, the taste and flavor of processed green tea were excellent; cold resistance and drought resistance were stronger than the control. In 2011, "Xiang Bo Lu 2" has passed the registration of new tea cultivar by Hunan province Crop Variety Approval Committee.


This paper describes the design of the LLC resonant converter, which is done by means of fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA). Output power of proposed converter is 1kW with output voltage 48 V at switching frequency of 500 kHz. Performance of converter at different operational conditions was verified through simulation analysis by utilization of OrCAD PSpice software. The simulation results of multiple parametrical experiments were obtained and consequently evaluated into graphical interpretation of efficiency of proposed converter.


This paper presents a time-optimal vaccination control strategy for epidemic models. A minimum time vaccination control is generated from an " a priori" constant value plus an incremental value obtained from the minimization of the Hamiltonian associated with a minimum time loss function. The targeted state final value is defined as a certain accuracy closed ball around some point being a reasonable approximate measure of both disease- free equilibrium points associated with the two vaccination levels used for the optimal- time control.


The purpose of the study was to examine the referral practices of sport psychology consultants in Canada. Eighteen (male = 10, female = 8) sport consultants registered with the Canadian Mental Training Registry (CMTR) returned a completed Referral Questionnaire for Sport Consultants and consent form (response rate = 51.4%). Means and standard deviations were calculated for the questions asked on a 5-point Likert scale. On the average, respondents indicated that they rarely encounter athletes with clinical problems and clients are rarely referred to them. This finding, however, was not consistent across the sport psychology consultants surveyed with some always referring and others never referring to registered psychologists or mental health professionals. When referrals are made, they are directed primarily toward specialists and those with an interest in sport. The National Sport Centre is one body that sport psychologists can tap into for referral lists. In the initial consultation, approximately half of the sport psychology consultants broach the topic of referral with their clients. The referral process is explained more thoroughly during subsequent sessions. Strategies sport psychology consultants employ to facilitate the referral process include networking, updating referral lists and maintaining contact with the client once the referral process has been initiated.


This article considers the subject of childhood and violence contained in the advertising format, focusing especially on television advertising. The article analyses the violent and aggressive content of audiovisual texts looking at childhood from a broader perspective than has been used in research to date, in order to show the wide spectrum of involvement of children in advertising material. This new focus implies looking at the subject of childhood and media violence in televised advertising taking into account the strategic communicative process, in which regard the figure of the child can be studied from three different yet complementary lines of analysis. The first evolves around the child as advertising target, according to the campaign's objective and the intention of the advertiser or issuer of the advertising message. The second line of analysis refers to the use of children as advertising resources, which can provoke effects at a cognitive, affective or even behavioural level. Third and finally, one can refer to children as receptors of advertising, an aspect associated with the behaviour and habits of television and advertising intake by these young viewers. The importance and current relevance of the subject are highlighted in the legislative interventions of national governments as well as transnational institutions (for example the EU) that are related to violence in advertising and childhood.


Intellectual disability has been addressed by different disciplines up to the present and has been defined differently depending on the views of different disciplines. Preliminary definitions of intellectual disability underline biological and medical criteria whereas educational definitions stand out when teachers and psychologists are more interested in the subject (Heward, 2003). Among these definitions, the one provided by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disability (AAIDD) is the most widely accepted. Apart from this one, in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) by the American Psychological Association (APA) and in the system of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) of the World Health Organization (WHO), definitions have also been provided (Sucuoglu, 2010).AAIDD (2002) defines intellectual disability as a disability characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning; conceptual, social and practical skills; and adaptive behavior which originate before the age of 18 (Eripek, 2009; Hourcade, 2002). Different from AAIDD, the DSM-5 manual (2013) uses adaptive functioning instead of adaptive behavior in its definition and indicates that adaptive functioning includes three domains (conceptual, social and practical) which determine how well an individual copes with everyday tasks (APA, 2013). On the other hand, the definition provided by ICD-10 (1993) underlines the incomplete development of the mind and disorders in cognitive, linguistic, motor, and social abilities that play a role in determining level of intelligence (Eripek, 2009; Sucuoglu, 2010). It is worth noting that all of these definitions refer to disabilities in terms of conceptual, social, and practical skills that enable individuals to carry out everyday tasks apart from disabilities in mental functions. This is an indicator of the fact that social skills deficits are one of the criteria taken into account when determining intellectual disabilities.The literature has emphasized that social skills deficits, which are defined as the inability to learn various social skills or the inability to use previously acquired social skills in appropriate situations and settings, are common among individuals with intellectual disabilities (McCoy & Hermansen, 2007; Vuran 2012). The reasons why individuals with intellectual disabilities exhibit social deficits more may include the manifestation of behavioral and cognitive disabilities in addition to having limited random learning skills and interactions with peers with typical development (Huang & Cuvo, 1997; Sargent, 1991), experiencing of rejection from their peers with typical development, and being rejected by circles due to a negative perception (Sazak, 2003). These reasons negatively affect the decisions of individuals with intellectual disabilities in terms of how they should act in society, creating behavioral problems and negatively affecting the acquisition of social skills through environmental observation and modeling (Ciftci & Sucuoglu, 2004; Sargent, 1991).Overcoming social skills deficits for individuals with intellectual or other developmental disabilities can be possible by providing social skills which are taught systematically (Begun, 1996; Sugai & Lewis, 1996). In this respect, direct teaching, social reinforcement, feedback, giving clues, incidental teaching, shaping, being a model, behavioral rehearsal, cooperative learning, peer learning, video modeling, Social Stories, and pivotal response teaching are commonly used strategies for teaching social skills to individuals with intellectual disabilities (Baker, 2004; Colak, 2007; Olcay-Gul, 2012; Sargent, 1991). Video modeling and Social Stories have been the most prominent strategies in recent years.Video modeling was developed on the assumptions of observational learning theory. It is an intervention which uses video modeling instead of live modeling for teaching a new behavior or changing an existing one; it is implemented by getting learners to watch all the steps of a target behavior from a video before being taught (Bellini, Akullian, & Hopf, 2007; Charlop-Christy, Le, & Freeman, 2000; Nikopoulos & Keenan, 2006; Sansosti & Powell-Smith, 2008). …


In recent years network security has become an important issue. Encryption has come up as a solution, and plays an important role in information security system.. There is no single mechanism that will provide all the services specified. But we can identify a very important mechanism that supports all forms of information integrity is cryptographic technique. In this work we made to generate two algorithms which provide security to data transmitted. In this paper we implemented three encrypt techniques like AES, DES and RSA algorithms and compared their performance of encrypt techniques based on the analysis of its stimulated time at the time of encryption and decryption.


The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device and system for learning a Machine-Type-Communication (MTC) device offline, which relate to the field of communication techniques. After an MTC device is learned offline, an MTC server is notified in good time. The processing method for learning an MTC device offline provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes the following steps: an access network confirms that the MTC device is offline; and the access network notifies an MTC server that the MTC device is offline.


Within their pluralistic system of health care, the Amish make medical decisions influenced by cultural practice: a call for adherents to separate themselves from the outside world and to yield to the group. Using ethnographic research, this article discusses one aspect of the relationship between Amish communities near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and a pediatric genetics clinic that has reformed the ways it mobilizes biomedicine in order to engage this community. Despite local Amish reticence to participate in biomedical systems, three elements discussed here are among those that help shape successful relationships between Amish families and the clinic: a carefully crafted physical space, a conceptualization of genetic medicine as skilled work, and a consideration for culturally appropriate use of time. Amish spaces of practice open to incorporate the clinic as biomedical spaces labor to incorporate Amish practice. The result is an emergent therapeutic landscape developing as a response to group social practice.


It clears up and analyzes the published literatures and data on telemedicine by literature summarizing methods.It gains first impression on all aspects and development,application and some key technology of telemedicine.Research results show that the current telemedicine mainly contains: tele-consultation,tele-diagnose,tele-education,tele-care and tele-medical car,etc.Telemedicine can be applied in war field,sea medical and family care besides hospitals and clinics.At the same time,the technologies used in telemedicine that has gradually transformed from single television monitor or phone remote diagnose to figure,picture and phonic transmission by mobile communication equipment,wired and wireless network.On the other hand,monitoring equipment,all kinds of vital-sign monitors and wireless sensors have become smaller and portable.Wearable biomedical instrument is the research focus in the field of telemedicine.At present,telemedicine's remarkable characteristics are virtual network and flexible networking.


Identity management-as-a-service (IdMaaS) is a cloud computing service where the identity management function is moved to the cloud, streamlining the responsibilities of the computing or IT departments of organisations. IdMaaS's attractiveness leans on reduced cost of ownership, least to no capital investment, scalability, self-service, location independence and rapid deployment, however, its growth has been impeded by issues most of which are related to security, privacy and trust. Most organisations view identities as passports to key computing resources (hardware, software and data) as such they view identity management as a core IT function which must remain within the perimeter of sphere of control. This paper primarily aims to discuss IdMaaS and highlight the major trust issues in current existing cloud computing environments affecting the growth of IdMaaS by describing IdMaaS and surveying the trust issues that pose threats to its growth. Highlighting the trust issues hampering the growth of IdMaaS will lay a foundation for subsequent research efforts directed at addressing trust issues and therefore enhancing the growth of IdMaaS. Consequently the growth of IdMaaS will open up a new entrepreneurial avenue for service providers, at the same time enabling IdMaaS consumers to realise the benefits which come along with cloud computing. In future, we will analyse and evaluate the extent of impact posed by each trust issue to IdMaaS.


Vortioxetine has a positive effect on cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to examine the changes in cognitive function and EEG (spectral power and mismatch negativity (MMN)) in patients with MDD pre‐ and postvortioxetine treatment.


In the data-driven era, the mining of financial asset information and the selection of appropriate assets are crucial for stable returns and risk control. Multifactor quantitative models are a common method for stock selection in financial assets, so it is important to select the optimal set of factors. Elastic Net, which combines the benefits of the L1 and L2 penalty terms, performs better at filtering features due to the complexity of the features in high-dimensional datasets than Lasso and Ridge regression. At the same time, the false discovery rate (FDR), which is important for making reliable investment decisions, is not taken into account by the current factor-selection methodologies. Therefore, this paper constructs the Knockoff Logistic regression Elastic Net (KF-LR-Elastic Net): combining Logistic regression with Elastic Net and using Knockoff to control the FDR of variable selection to achieve factor selection. Based on the selected factors, stock returns are predicted under Logistic regression. The overall model is denoted as Knockoff Logistic regression Elastic Net-Logistic regression (KL-LREN-LR). The empirical study is conducted with data on the CSI 300 index constituents in the Chinese market from 2016–2022. KF-LREN-LR is used for factor selection and stock-return forecasting to select the top 10 stocks and establish an investment strategy for daily position changing. According to empirical evidence, KF-LR-Elastic Net can select useful factors and control the FDR, which is helpful for increasing the accuracy of factor selection. The KF-LREN-LR forecast portfolio has the advantages of high return and controlled risk, so it is informative for optimizing asset allocation.


In an experiment on animals, breathing in steams of formalin causes combined pathology and lag in a height, a small direct electric current renders normalizing influence on an integral organism.


Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) mutations occur globally in approximately 13% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a relatively uncommon cancer with a poor clinical outcome. This global phase 3 study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of ivosidenib (AG-120)—a small-molecule targeted inhibitor of mutated IDH1 (mIDH1)—in previously treated m IDH1 cholangiocarcinoma. genetic alterations approved targeted therapies in pivotal study of demonstrates a benefit in targeting mIDH1 in patients with advanced m IDH1 cholangiocarcinoma, highlights the clinical relevance of tumour mutation profiling in the management of this rare with poor outcomes. Results from this study and the follow-up mature overall survival data will be used to support a potential application for regulatory approval of the drug to the FDA and other agencies in the future.


Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether estrogen promoted the proliferation and invasion of endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells through paracrine FGFs in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Patients and Methods We screened gene alterations in a primary ESC culture after 10 nM estrogen treatment using an Agilent mRNA microarray. We knocked down stromal FGF18 expression in a co-culture system and aimed to explore the contribution of E2-induced stromal FGF18 to the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. To determine the effective receptors and detailed downstream signaling of FGF18, we co-cultured estrogen-treated hESCs with FGFR1-, FGFR2-, FGFR3- or FGFR4-knockdown Ishikawa cells. Finally, we detected FGF18 expression in clinical samples, including several primary cultures of different ESCs and a series of tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 90 patients with EC. Results A few genes altered significantly in estrogen-treated primary ESCs, but only FGF18 was noticeably enhanced among the FGF family genes. Knockdown of FGF18 expression in hESCs inhibited the promoting effect of FGF18 on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. FGF18 bound FGFR2 and FGFR3 in Ishikawa cells to activate downstream ERK and Akt pathways and to promote the viability of EC cells. The FGF18-FGFR2 and FGF18-FGFR3 pathways had close correlations with Survivin and CD44V6 expression but not with P53. Primary ESCs of endometrioid EC (EEC, type I EC) had higher FGF18 expression than ESCs of normal endometrium (NE), endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) and type II EC. Conclusion Estrogen induced FGF18 in ESCs to promote the proliferation and invasion of EC cells, and FGFR inhibitors should be considered as promising candidate targets for EC treatment.


The planning and operation problems of parking lots of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are studied in this paper. Herein, each distribution company (DISCO) allocates the parking lots to the electrical feeders to minimize the power loss and expected energy not supplied of the system, and consequently minimize the total cost of the planning problem over the given time horizon. In addition, the generation company (GENCO) manages the charging time of PEVs parked in the parking lots to defer the more expensive and pollutant generation units, and as a result maximize its daily profit. In both planning and operation problems, the behavioral model of PEVs' drivers are modeled with respect to the value of incentive and their distance from the parking lots. To achieve the realistic results in the planning problem of each DISCO, several economic and technical factors including yearly inflation and interest rates, hourly and daily variations of the load demand, yearly load growth of the system, and yearly growth rate of PEVs' application are considered. The optimization problems of each DISCO and GENCO are solved applying quantum-inspired simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm, respectively. It is demonstrated that the behavioral model of drivers, their driving patterns, and even the type of PEVs can remarkably affect the outcomes of planning and operation problems. It is shown that the optimal allocation of parking lots can minimize every DISCO's planning cost and optimal charging management of PEVs can increase the GENCO's daily profit.


The paper explores the relationship between the income elasticities of demand for exports and for imports, economic growth, the technological content of local production, and the level of development of the National Innovation System (NIS). According to the literature, differences in long-run growth rates are associated with differences in the income elasticities of demand, which would in turn be determined by the maturity of the NIS. Mature NIS imply higher degrees of product diversification, leading to trade patterns which favour exports of goods with higher technological content (high income elasticity of demand), and imports of basic goods (low income elasticity). Hence, we test the relationship between the exports and imports of Brazilian high-tech products and the number of Brazilian patents registered in the USPTO, as a proxy for the level of development of the Brazilian NIS. The results of the analysis are corroborated by the investigation of innovations of the variables, through impulse response functions and forecast error decomposition, which confirm the theoretical hypothesis discussed.


The most straightforward case of a violent, post-colonial eco-revolution in the world is probably the three-decade-old conflict on the Island of Bougainville, some 900 miles northeast of Australia. Dubbed the "Coconut Revolution," this conflict began when dispossessed native Bougainvilleans over-ran and shut down Panguna Mine, which at the time was the world's largest copper mine, operated by Rio Tinto Zinc. Its significant profits enriched Western stockholders and was the main source of funding for the government of Papua New Guinea,


Since U Thein Sein took office as president of the Union of Myanmar in March 2011,the Myanmar government has executed a range of bold and resolute reform measures which include taking the initiative to have reconciliation with the political opposition and carrying out democratic reform,


Based on the real situation of radio telegraphic training and using the net classroom, this paper proposes a design of radio telegraphic training and an assessment system which adopts C/S mode. It conducts careful analysis on various key technologies, such as manual key keying signal processing, MORSE code store-and-forward and intersystem data interaction, and put forwards corresponding solutions. This system can well realize all kinds of radio professional trainings and assessment functions.


Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. grew and sporulated at 27 °C and at pH 6.0 in a synthetic medium containing potassium nitrate as sole nitrogen source. �-amylase activity was detected in the growth medium. Bread, starch, maltose, sucrose, lactose, glucose and gala ctose supported growth and �-amylase production, indicative of constitutive production of the enzyme. Bread see med to be most supportive with optimum activity expressed as approximately 29 units per mg protein within 216 and 240 hr. Extracted crude enzyme, with bread as carbon source and potassium nitrate as sol e nitrogen source, was partially purified by ammoni um sulphate precipitation and dialysis. Specific activ ity of the enzyme increased 70% and 0.7 fold with a yield of 57.4% on dialysis. Bread as carbon source of growth of this organism is recommended for large scale production of this enzyme, industrially.


A water-absorbing-resin production device for producing a water-absorbing resin by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenic monomer, wherein a water-absorbing-resin powder R3 obtained by drying a water-absorbing resin composition with a dryer 3 is passed through a first powder passage pipeline 12, is discharged therefrom toward a classifier 6 while the flow rate is being regulated to a predetermined value by a powder flow rate regulation/discharge member 4 configured of a hopper 4a and a rotary valve 4b, and is classified by the classifier 6. In the water-absorbing-resin production device (1), a collector 5 for collecting powder masses R4 each composed of aggregated particles of the water-absorbing-resin powder R3 has been disposed inside the first powder passage pipeline 12. Due to this, a water-absorbing resin in the form of a particulate powder from which powder masses have been removed can be produced at a high production efficiency.


The extensive evolution of intracellular compartmentalization requires highly selective mechanisms for protein targeting to distinct membrane systems. One of the fundamental processes in protein targeting is the insertion of proteins into biological membranes. The efficient and accurate insertion of membrane proteins is an important step for their proper function in different organelles, and any targeting error may lead to mislocalization of these proteins with detrimental cellular effects. Posttranslational insertion is required for a class of tail-anchored (TA) proteins, which are characterized by a transmembrane domain (TMD) near their C terminus, for their correct targeting to the destined membrane (1). In PNAS, Xing et al. uncover a pathway for TA protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana , which plays an unexpected role in root hair growth (2). The authors identify several key components in the guided entry of tail-anchored protein (GET) complex that has a conserved function in regulating TA protein insertion. However, in contrast to yeast and animals, the core GET system in Arabidopsis involves a distinct GET3 clade, suggesting an ancient evolution of the GET3 paralogs in plants and which may function divergently as plant-specific organelle chaperones.

The GET pathway is the most extensively studied system for shuttling TA proteins to distinct organelles in yeast and mammalian cells. Structural and biochemical investigations in yeast have provided insights into the molecular mechanism of the GET complex (1). In the yeast GET pathway, newly synthesized TA proteins are initially recognized by a cytosolic pretargeting complex (PTC), comprising SGT2 and GET4–GET5, and then transferred to the ATPase GET3. GET3 loaded with a TA protein will then bind to its receptor: the ER-localized GET1–GET2 complex, which subsequently promotes the insertion of the TA protein into the ER membrane (Fig. 1 A ). The recognition and insertion processes mediated …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: ljiang{at}cuhk.edu.hk.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


Testing screens for good chips. However, when test fall out is high (low yield) it becomes necessary to diagnose faults so that the manufacturing process or physical design can be fixed to improve yield. Several scan based diagnostic schemes are used in industry. They work when the scan chain itself is fault free. This paper describes a diagnosis system that can diagnose faults in a scan chain.<<ETX>>


Dear Sir, I would like to reassure Mr Tidy and the readers of The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist that I did not deliberately ignore the references that he is quoting in his letter. My review was acknowledged by the publications department at the RCOG on the 5th of June 2001, before the paper by Sebire et al. and by Feltmate et al. were published in the international literature. The other references were not included because there was a limit to the number of references for this type of publication.


To improve tsunami prediction, it is important to consider paleo tsunami records. Tsunami deposits can provide many paleo tsunami records; however, the formation mechanism of tsunami deposits remains unclear. Furthermore, numerical analysis focusing on tsunami sediment in the inundation area has fewer verification examples. Therefore, in this study, we conducted hydraulic experiments to elucidate the formation mechanism of tsunami deposits. The hydraulic experiments considered the influence of grain size and reflection wave. In addition, we investigated the characteristics of sand deposits depending on sand composition and topography (i.e., natural embankment). It was confirmed that the amount of sand deposit decreased toward the top of the run-up area. However, for the case of mixed sand which has several grain sizes, it was found that the mixing ratio influenced the composition ratio of the sand deposit in the middle of the slope area. For the case of the reflection wall, it was observed that characteristic sand deposits were formed by the return flow. We evaluated existing sand transport models using the obtained data. The results of the numerical experiments confirmed the high reproducibility of the existing models for the case with the return flow (i.e., with a reflection wall). However, for the case without return flow (without a reflection wall), it was clear that reproducibility was affected by grain size. Furthermore, it was Validation of Sediment Transport Model Using Hydraulic Experiment Data to Assess the Influence of Grain Size and Reflection Wave on Tsunami Deposit


Lack of clear, coherent pathways to transfer or to workforce goals is a common impediment to community college student success and completion. Maricopa County Community College District (MCCCD) set the ambitious goal of achieving curricular coherence across its 10 colleges, developing shared pathways that clearly delineate employment and/or transfer opportunities, assessable learning outcomes, course sequences that build toward mastery of those outcomes, and curricular and co-curricular milestones. MCCCD is a complex system with hundreds of degrees and certificates, numerous transfer partners, and a multitude of course options. Consequently, the implementation of clear, coherent, shared pathways constituted a dramatic transformation of policies, structures, processes, and culture. Implementation of a redesign of this magnitude can be difficult given that resistance to transformational change is common. Through an intentional and purposeful change process grounded in organizational and individual change theory, well over 900 faculty and staff from across MCCCD mobilized to engage in this ambitious redesign of their curriculum, developing clear, coherent, and shared pathways for over 240 disciplines within a period of 19 months. These results illustrate the importance of considering the human element in systemwide transformational change.


Emotional intelligence is a set of qualities and competencies that cover a broad collection of individual skills and characters, usually referred to as soft skills or inter and intra-personal skills, that are outside the traditional areas of specific knowledge, general intelligence and technical or professional skills. The present study addresses such a novel area and attempts to find out how far the organization would be able to identify emotional intelligence of the employee's and relate it to their performance on the job. Hence the study is conducted to measure the emotional intelligence level among the managers and the impact of emotional intelligence of employees on organizational effectiveness in IT industry of Chennai city.


This invention discloses pumpkin and pork balls. The balls are prepared from the following raw materials: fatty pork, lean pork, pumpkin, isolated soy protein, maize starch, composite phosphate and carrageenan; the preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1) selecting fresh fatty pork and lean pork as main materials; 2) selecting fresh matured pumpkins as auxiliary materials, peeling the pumpkins and removing the pulps, putting into boiled water after cleaning, and cutting into dices with length of 2 mm; 3) adding the auxiliary materials consisting of the isolated soy protein, themaize starch, the composite phosphate and the carrageenan into the main materials in the step 1), adding seasonings such as salt, shallot, ginger and pepper powder, putting into a cut mixer to obtainmeat paste, and discharging; and 4) adding the pumpkins into the meat paste and mixing uniformly to obtain meat balls, putting into water, cooking and shaping, then putting into water at the temperature of between 85 and 95 DEG C for 8 to 12minutes, spooning out, and cooling. The pumpkin and pork balls prepared by the method are not fat or greasy, and are rich in nutrition, and convenient to eat,and the cost of the main and auxiliary materials is low; the finished product has high quality and low price and wide market prospect.


The low-frequency conductivity of silica glasses containing 5% B2O3 and from 0.02 to 6.7% Na2O is extrapolated to dc values and analyzed in terms of temperature and concentration dependence. The concentration dependence of the conductivity occurs exclusively in the activation enthalpy. This prevents an analysis of the number of ions participating in the conduction in all but one sample for which tracer diffusion data gave a correlation factor of unity in the Nernst-Einstein equation. The concentration dependence of the activation enthalpy was analyzed empirically. The activation enthalpy varies linearly with sodium-sodium separation or jump distance. This result suggests that, at low Na concentrations, the conducting ions execute several separate motions between nonequilibrium sites before reaching the nearest equivalent site. The empirical equation is shown to fit activation energy data for silica glasses containing from 0.06 to 40% Na2O.


This paper researches and proves the form style of southwest ancient salt town and its distribution. It also analyzes the value of tourism development. Based on this, it puts forward positive development suggestions on the tourism development of southwest ancient salt town.


A directional blasting of a 65 m-high brick chimney in a brick factory is introduced. The demolition program, parameters and implementatin method of tube structure is also introduced. The blasting effectiveness is described.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a workpiece to be welded (2, 3) is arranged in the work table (7), during welding, by clamping means (5,6), each other and / or work table about rotary friction welding method that is clamped. Spin welding means (12, 13), whereas provided to move along a joint between the workpieces, pressurizing the workpiece during welding. The rotation the frictional heat and to be caused at the junction with the rotating welding means, said in other by any technique by rotating welding means exceeds that of the other heat supplied to the joint additional heat welding and / or supplied to the joint prior to the. The present invention likewise additionally over other heat supplied frictional heat and which is caused by the joint by rotation of the rotating welding means, by other any method by the rotating welding means to the junction during the welding heat and / or heating elements to be supplied to the joint prior to its related rotary friction welding apparatus having a (70).


Microcrystals of BN, AlN and GaN were obtained by the AMMONO method, in which nitridization of metal occurs in supercritical ammonia, at relatively low temperature and pressure conditions (below 550°C and 5 kbar). The reaction rate was regulated by the amount of mineralizers, i.e. alkali metal amides. All crystals obtained by AMMONO method revealed intense and homogenous luminescence. Significant improvement of the optical properties was observed for crystals grown in the presence of Rare Earth elements. For such GaN crystals, helium temperature photoluminescence spectra were dominated by near-band-gap recombination. Exciton lines were extremely narrow, with full-width half-maximum (FWHM) as low as 1 meV. The concentration of uncompensated shallow donors in AMMONO GaN determined by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements was below 5×10 15 cm −3 .


Four kinds of water-soluble polysaccharides: PA1(from fruit body),PA2(from mycelia),PPA(purification polysaccharide extracted from fruit body) and PA6(from fermentation broth),were isolated from the edible mushroom P.adiposa and its aqueous extract.And then the anti-oxidation of the polysaccharides,fruit body and mycelia of the P.adipose,was studied.They were all found to have the ability to combat free radicals after the experiment,but their effects on O2-· and ·OH were different.PA6 had the best combating activity against oxy-radicals while PPA was the best in combating hydroxyl.


Significance Genome scans often find that the loci involved in local adaptation tend to cluster together on chromosomes. A leading explanation suggests that clusters evolve because the probability of a new mutation establishing is higher when occurring near another locally adapted mutation, because such architectures are seldom disrupted by recombination. I show that this theory is unlikely to explain empirically observed clusters. Instead, simulations show that clusters are more likely to form through genomic rearrangements that bring coadapted loci close together. This suggests that ecological selection may play an important role in shaping genome architecture, in contrast to many nonadaptive explanations. Numerous studies of ecological genetics have found that alleles contributing to local adaptation sometimes cluster together, forming "genomic islands of divergence." Divergence hitchhiking theory posits that these clusters evolve by the preferential establishment of tightly linked locally adapted mutations, because such linkage reduces the rate that recombination breaks up locally favorable combinations of alleles. Here, I use calculations based on previously developed analytical models of divergence hitchhiking to show that very few clustered mutations should be expected in a single bout of adaptation, relative to the number of unlinked mutations, suggesting that divergence hitchhiking theory alone may often be insufficient to explain empirical observations. Using individual-based simulations that allow for the transposition of a single genetic locus from one position on a chromosome to another, I then show that tight clustering of the loci involved in local adaptation tends to evolve on biologically realistic time scales. These results suggest that genomic rearrangements may often be an important component of local adaptation and the evolution of genomic islands of divergence. More generally, these results suggest that genomic architecture and functional neighborhoods of genes may be actively shaped by natural selection in heterogeneous environments. Because small-scale changes in gene order are relatively common in some taxa, comparative genomic studies could be coupled with studies of adaptation to explore how commonly such rearrangements are involved in local adaptation.


We assessed tree species density and diversity in 12 1‐ha plots in four forests of the Albertine rift, western Uganda. There were 5747 trees of diameter ≥ 10 cm in 53 families, 159 genera, and 212 species. Density ranged between 344 and 557 trees ha−1 (average 479 trees ha−1). Tree species diversity was highest in the Bwindi and Budongo forests. The Euphorbiaceae family was the most species rich (25 species) followed by Rubiaceae and Meliaceae with 16 species each. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that major gradients in environmental variables influenced tree species distribution. Sample scores on ordination axes 1 and 2 were strongly correlated with pH and altitude, respectively. Correlated with rainfall and other soil factors, pH and altitude are presumed to be among the most important in influencing the distribution of tree species in the Albertine rift forests. Strategies that take account of variations in pH and elevation are required to conserve tree species in forests of the Albertine rift.


ABSTRACT
This study aims to in order to understand the the influence of the use of
poc by sharing a organic waste against of herbs and the results of the soybean
plant is. The research was conducted at the lab. The production of the faculty of
this form of agriculture have the university of wijaya kusuma surabaya with a
water height of 0-12 mdpl and pengaplikasian poc was carried out in the of oil
palm plantations experiment mojosari , mojokerto areas with a water height of 28
mdpl. The implementation of the of the research commenced in the month of
march till june 2018.
This report is written with random design group. That is repeated as much
as 3 times. Kind of a mixture of POC include: M1 1.5 kg hyacinth, 1 per kg holm
bananas, 0.5 kg bones of fish, 0.5 kg sugar, 1.5 kg liters coconut, 1.5 liters leri (
water rice) laundry, 0.5 liter a starter plus well water to tubs POC (50 liters). M2
1.5 kg water hyacinth, 1 kg of banana excrescense, 0.5 kg flour an eggshell
chicken, 0.5 kg of sugar, 1.5 liters of water coconut, 1.5 kg liters of water leri
(water of laundry rice), 0.5 liters a starter plus the water of a well until a tub POC
(50 liters). M3 1.5 kg hyacinth, 0.5 liters a starter of water coconut, 1.5 liters of
water leri (water rice), 0.5 liter a starter plus well water to tubs POC (50 liters).
M4 1.5 kg hyacinth, 0.5 kg skin egg, 0.5 kg flour bones of fish, 1 per kg holm
bananas, 0.5 kg sugar, 1.5 liters coconut, 1.5 liters leri (water rice), 0.5 liters a
starter plus well water to tubs POC (50 liters).
The research results show that POC of various organic substances can
affect growth and the results of ringing better variety soybean.


Preparing composites of broken glass and waste aluminum is one of the effective methods, which are high-added value utilizations of both wastes. It is an original thought which is used to develop circular economy and vein industry in china. The combination of aluminum's toughness and glass's hardness is the advantageous factor adding the wastes' value. The article presents an experimental study on mechanical properties of the waste glass / waste aluminum wearable material. The strength and tough of the material are higher than those of basal material. The abrasive performance of the MMC material is 4.62 ties higher than basal materials, which reach the property standard of strap transport roller.


Chapter 8 asserts that housing is a pillar of well-being and explains how the housing situation for many people of color across America tells a story about inequity. Brian Smedley opens the chapter with a look at the nation's shameful record of discrimination and disinvestment, which has concentrated poverty in so many communities of color today. Next, Lisa Dubay highlights the many strands of research at the intersection of health and housing. Assata Richards and Andre Perry both celebrate the resilience of communities of color and the often-unrecognized assets embedded there. Richards speaks to the cultural history that enriches a neighborhood and lifts up the ethical imperative of conducting research in ways that benefit the people being studied, while Perry looks at how Black communities have been devalued in the marketplace.


The study was aimed to modeling of the individual leaf area and dry weight of oregano (origanum onites L.) using leaf length, leaf width and SPAD value. Non-destructive approach of modeling can be very useful for plant growth estimation. To predict individual leaf area and dry weight of oregano, models were developed using leaf length, leaf width, SPAD value, and different combinations of these variables. Eight regression equations, commonly used for developing growth models, were compared for accuracy and adaptability. The two nonlinear models developed were as follows: individual leaf area LA = 0.104 + 0.363W + 0.380L 2 – 0.028W 2 (R 2 = 0.973) and dry weight DW = 0.0018 + 0.00102WS + 3.45E -4


The variations in the specific activities of the enzymes of the urea cycle were studied in the livers of pregnant rats and also in the livers of male rats and other females with the same body weight. The specific activities of the five enzymes of the urea cycle are the same in male and in female except for argininosuccinase. The activity of this enzyme is twice as high in female rats as in male rats. In pregnancy, the activities of the enzymes of the urea cycle are decreased except for arginase, which increases. Aspartate transcarbamylase remains constant during the same period.These results lead to the supposition that another pathway for the synthesis of orotic acid may exist, or more probably that there exist two carbamyl phosphate synthetases, one for pyrimidine biosynthesis and one for urea synthesis.


Problem and purpose. The modern economy needs engineers with a new consciousness and psychological attitudes, possessing the necessary competencies, capable of giving a positive impetus to the development of further competitiveness of enterprises located in the territories of advanced social and economic development and Russia as a whole. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of implementing a collaborative approach in the formation of team competence in the system of higher and supplementary professional education. Methods. The study involved 135 graduates of various technical fields of study, 243 third-year and fourth-year students of the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, and 203 participants in supplementary professional education programs. The development of team competence among students and participants was monitored through observation, teamwork on projects, questionnaires, and interviews. To analyze the data, the Pearson χ2 statistical test was used. Results. It was found that the employers highly valued team competence as a necessary component of a specialist's qualification characteristics. The results of the study confirmed that the level of the formation of team competence among 135 graduates was mainly at a low level (41%) and an average level (45%). The analysis of various studies allowed concluding that the collaborative approach has great potential in the development of this competence. Discussion and conclusion. The stages of implementing the collaborative approach proposed by the authors made it possible to increase the efficiency of educational activities, both in the higher education system (χ2 = 7.72; p < 0.01) and in the system of supplementary professional education (χ2 = 7.46; p < 0.01), which is confirmed by the pedagogical experiment. The effectiveness was determined through numerical meters, allowing accurate diagnosis of the success of the participants in the experiment.


Objective: To study the relationship between the ineffective mifepristone abortion and the expression of Fas/FasL in the decidua.Methods: Healthy pregnant women requesting termination,aged 18~40 years,with gestational age less than 8 weeks were recruited.Medical or surgical abortion was chosen at women's own will.The women were divided into three groups according to the method and the outcome: surgical(vacuum aspiration) group,complete mifepristone abortion and ineffective mifepristone abortion,and 20 for each group.Decidua was collected,fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.The expression of Fas/FasL was detected by immunohistochemical staining and analyzed with a digital imaging system.Results: Fas/FasL expression level in the decidua of the surgical group and ineffective mifepristone group was similar,but lower than that in the complete mifepristone abortion group(P0.01).Conclusions: Mifepristone induces apoptosis of decidua cell by enhancing Fas/FasL expression,and the ineffective abortion is related to the abnormal Fas/FasL expression.


The development of industry in Shanxi is closely related to the shifting focus of national economic construction.From 1953 to 1975 vigorous investment by the government led to large scale industrial development so that Shanxi′s industry ′leapt′ into the stage of modern industrialization.From 1979 the government′s investment focus shifted eastward and the economic administration system experienced a fundamental change.But this did not weaken the impetus of Shanxi′s economic development;reform and opening up has also given Shanxi′s industry an historic opportunity to restructure.The grand strategy to develop China′s west which was proposed in the late 1990s has given Shanxi industry another historic opportunity.


Lupus cerebritis is a distinct mid brain specific disease with unknown etiology. The MRL/MpJ (Fas lpr/Faslpr) mice are used to study systemic lupus as well as organ specific lupus cerebritis. We found a decrease in CD3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in 22 weeks lupus prone female MRL/MpJ (Faslpr/Faslpr) than asymptomatic 6 weeks old mice. Such attenuation of tolerance specific Treg cells was inversely related with CD3+CD1d+ T cells. We found, at 22 weeks of disease, there was an increase of CD3+CD1d+ T cells than 6 weeks old asymptomatic mice. We also found that, the TLR2 ligand LTA and TH17 cytokine IL17 play a role in activation of CD19+ B cells in spleen mononuclear cells. These CD19+ B cells were also found positive for CD1dgalactosylceramide. The LTA injection in female MRL/lpr mice increased expansion of CD1d+CD19+ B220+CD5- activated B cells in spleen. However, there was a decrease in CD19+CD1d+CD5+ regulatory B (Breg) cells at the acute stage of disease. The observations suggested a possibility of switch in balance from tolerance to effector immune responses in MRL mice during progression of disease. Studies are undertaken to determine the mechanism of raise in antigen specific Breg responses in maintenance of Treg tolerance and attenuation of TH17/ IL17 responses as a way to prevent mid brain inflammation in lupus cerebritis.


On Thursday 25 March 1611, the feast of the Incarnation, King Philip III solemnly celebrated the expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain. The recovery of Jerusalem for Christianity was a constant feature of both Spanish indigenous prophecies and of those with a wider European provenance. The political conquest of Jerusalem and the initiation of a new and more spiritual age had informed the many millenarian prophecies that had circulated among Jews, Christians and Muslims in fifteenth, sixteenth and early seventeenth-century Europe. The persistent search throughout history for times of renewal and transformation is evoked in the title of Norman Cohns title for his seminal book on millenarianism The Pursuit of the Millennium. The native prophetic tradition known as the via gotica was attributed to St. Isidore (560636) of Seville.Keywords: early seventeenth-century Europe; Jerusalem; King Philip III; Moriscos; prophetic tradition; Spain


With the adjustment of energy structure and the increase of uncertainty source load, the physical structure of the distribution network becomes more complex, and its intelligent and low-carbon operation face greater challenges. In addition, business and information flows of the distribution network have diversified and grown more complicated, placing more demands on the dispatching department's capacity for management and data collecting. It is challenging to evaluate the distribution network's overall operational status since its physical infrastructure and information system are continually being updated and changed. In order to meet the actual engineering needs and consider the intelligent development of the distribution network, it is important to build an evaluation system of the smart distribution network operation level from different dimensions. Firstly, a systematic analysis of the smart distribution network operation is carried out from three dimensions: physical, information and social, and an evaluation index system of the smart distribution network operation level is constructed. On this premise, a comprehensive evaluation method based on normal gray cloud clustering is proposed, and the distribution network development form is divided. Finally, the actual dispatching of the distribution network is used as an example to evaluate its current operation level, determine the division of the distribution network development form under each dimension, and provide path guidance for the balanced development of the smart distribution network.


Dear Editor, We read with great interest the Letter to the Editor by G. Cantù regarding our article "Salvage surgery in recurrent sinonasal cancers: Proposal for a prognostic model based on clinicopathologic and treatment-related parameters." We are therefore grateful for the opportunity to reply to the points that the author raised, and better clarify the core message of our work. Our analysis focused on a series of recurrent sinonasal cancers (SNCs) treated with curative intent through a surgery-including protocol in a single, academic, Italian referral center. Its aim was to perform a survival analysis and propose a score able to anticipate the prognosis of the single patient. To this purpose, we intentionally included SNCs from different subsites and a wide variety of histologies and analyzed a large number of clinicopathologic variables to identify the major prognosticators. The most important criticisms to our work concern a poor representativeness of our series in terms of distribution by subsite (predominance of nasoethmoid over maxillary location) and histology (higher prevalence of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma [ITAC] over squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). This aspect, in the view of G. Cantù, could inappropriately increase the reported survival estimates. Our series, indeed, included nasoethmoid (67.8%), maxillary (30.5%), and sphenoid (1.7%) tumors, which justifies the term "sinonasal" in the title. The predominance of the nasoethmoid subsite is in accordance with recent, large population-based studies on SNC. In the population-based analysis by Turner and Reh on 6739 sinonasal non-lymphoreticular malignancies from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973–2006), the nasoethmoid is the most frequent subsite (53.4%, distinguished between nasal cavity [43.9%] and ethmoid [9.5%]), followed by the maxillary sinus (35.9%). The updated analysis from the SEER (1973–2011) on 13 295 patients confirmed this trend. In the study of Husain et al. on 2292 SNC from the National Cancer Database, the nasoethmoid region is by far the primary site of origin (69.4%, divided in nasal cavity [60.8%] and ethmoid [8.6%]), followed by the maxillary sinus (28.7%). A similar distribution was also reported among 331 patients from a national database in Denmark. The incidence of nasoethmoid tumors in our series is therefore slightly superior to (but in line with) the published ones. Of note, our study includes patients with recurrent SNC amenable to salvage surgery with curative intent, and thus may not necessarily represent the prevalence of different subsites and histologies in the setting of primary disease. Indeed, some subsites or histologies have a higher chance than others to present an incurable recurrence. In a paper from the University of Pittsburgh on recurrent SNC treated with salvage surgery, Kaplan et al. showed a trend in the subsites of recurrence like ours: 38.1% were observed in the nasoethmoid, and 26.2% occurred in the maxillary sinus. Our analysis confirms the negative prognostic impact of the maxillary subsite even in the recurrent setting. In univariate analysis, relapsing maxillary tumors were associated with a significantly higher risk of further recurrence and death. The absence of the maxillary subsite in our score should not suggest a negligible prognostic power of this variable and it is not related to an unbalanced series according to subsites. Rather, in the multivariable analysis, the maxillary subsite showed multicollinearity with other major negative prognosticators and lost statistical significance. This means that it is not a negative prognosticator per se; rather, maxillary tumors are highly associated to other negative prognostic factors. Therefore, the poorer prognosis of these tumors is conveyed in our score by other variables (possibly SCC, perineural invasion, and positive margins). Of note, we tried to apply our score separately in the nasoethmoid and maxillary subgroups: in both cases it reached statistical significance and allowed excellent prognostic discrimination (Figure 1). Received: 27 October 2022 Accepted: 2 November 2022


This paper aims to analyze the impact of changes in resource prices on intra-region goods supply and on extra-region changes in prices, as well as possible impacts on the demand side, using China and Beijing as examples for analysis. Results of the analysis with Input-Output model and CGE model demonstrate that changes in the price of water supply do not have as significant an impact as is the case with energy goods such as electrical power or oil and mining. Also, another result with International IO model shows that an increase in the price of water resources in China would first induce changes in the prices of some domestic goods (education and research, chemical fertilizers, etc.); the effect on other countries would be relatively large in countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and South Korea, and in the industries of flour milling, heavy electrical equipment, knitting, non-ferrous metals, and apparel. However, all of these impacts would be minimal.


Enhancing OSCE responses to crisis and conflict situations was one of the major commitments undertaken by the 2011 OSCE Lithuanian Chairmanship as it sought to continue the strategic discussions on the various phases of the conflict cycle that were initially launched in the summer of 2009 by the Greek Chairmanship. Known as the "Corfu Process", a name given to these discussions after an informal meeting of OSCE foreign ministers on the Greek island of Corfu, the Lithuanian Chairmanship decided to convene a series of expert meetings and workshops, all of which came to be referred to as the "V to V (Vancouver to Vladivostok via Vilnius and Vienna) Dialogue on the Conflict Cycle". The V to V Dialogue was focused on four principal issue areas falling within the conflict cycle – early warning, early action, dialogue facilitation and mediation support, and post-conflict rehabilitation – and thereby synthesized the various constructive ideas and forward-looking proposals that OSCE participating States had advanced and debated in various forums during 2009 and 2010. Driven by the need for operational "deliverables" following longwinded "strategic" discussions over those two years, the Lithuanian Chairmanship followed the policy advice given by the OSCE Conflict Prevention Centre (CPC) by appointing, in early 2011, the Permanent Representatives of France, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland to the OSCE as "co-ordinators on the conflict cycle". The aim was to move discussions to the operational level and ask participating States to translate the ideas and proposals brought forward during the previous two years into implementable policies and practices. In particular, the Lithuanian Chairmanship was eager to guide these debates in the direction of a draft decision which could be submitted for consideration at the annual Ministerial Council (MC) scheduled for early December 2011. The continuous involvement of participating States in regular and informal forums was therefore of the utmost importance. To set the stage for the ensuing discussions, the Lithuanian Chairmanship prepared an informal ambassadorial meeting on 15 March and distrib-


Many practical engineers are often accustomed to understanding the strength of the rock mass in terms of friction angle and cohesion. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a resonable tool implementing the Generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) failure condition in the framework of the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) criterion. In this study, the features of Lee (2015) and Hoek et al. (2002) methods for calculating the equivalent friction angle and cohesion of GHB rock masses were briefly reviewed. Subsequently, in order to compare the accuracy of the two methods, the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing resting on the M-C rock mass was assessed by performing the 2D FE analysis incorporating the equivalent M-C strength constants from both approaches. The results show that Lee (2015)'s method, which exploits the upper bound solution of ultimate bearing capacity, is superior to that of Hoek et al. (2002)'s approach.


Performance assessment (PA) provides an important tool for radar system evaluation. In addition to allowing comparison of different signal processing algorithms and sequenc es on a near real-time or synoptic basis, it can also allow determination of the performance envelope of the radar system by defining th e surveillance area over which the system is routinely expect ed to detect targets. The use of operational PA metrics for over-t hehorizon (OTH) radar is typically limited by the availabilit y of truth data, real targets, and real-time signal processing c apacity. This paper presents a computationally efficient PA module suitable for real-time operational use. The PA module uses s ynthetic targets to calculate detection and false alarm proba bilities, which are used to estimate a novel "probability difference"(PD) metric. The PD metric provides several advantages over rece iver operating characteristic (ROC) derived metrics, and allows the ability to explicitly incorporate target location accuracy. The amplitudes of the synthetic targets are selected to obtain r eliable detection statistics while reducing their effect on the sig nal processing. The PA module is demonstrated in the context of n ear real-time selection of adaptive processing algorithm appr opriate for the prevailing radio frequency interference conditions.


This locally increasing supersaturation with hydrated ions is neither visible nor measurable. However, the effect is convincing. A large number of very small crystal nuclei form while releasing energy. Waste heat resulting from this process increases the suspension temperature a little. But the formation of these small crystal nuclei is extremely undesirable and requires fine grain dissolution in order to be able to operate crystallization economically.


As the number of cutting gashes of a hob is finite, it is unavoidable that a polygonal cutting mark is formed at the tooth surfaces even if the worm wheel is finished by shaving. Thus the running-in of tooth surfaces becomes a very important problem in worm gears. The height of the cutting mark (relative to the surface enveloped by the worm) and the distribution direction on the tooth surface have a great effect on the behavior of running-in of worm gears. In this paper, the theoretical analysis of the formation of the cutting mark in cylindrical and hourglass worm wheels was carried out.


The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino experiment to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy. It has a central detector used for neutrino detection, which consists of a spherical acrylic vessel containing a 20 kt liquid scintillator (LS) and about 18,000 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to collect light from LS. Around the central detector, there is a water pool to provide shielding from background radioactivity. The outer water pool is also equipped with about 2000 PMTs to measure cosmic ray muons by detecting Cherenkov light. As one of the important parts in JUNO offline software, the serial simulation framework is developed based on SNiPER. It manages physics generator, detector simulation, event mixing and digitization. However, Geant4 based detector simulation of such a large detector is time-consuming and challenging. It is necessary to take full advantages of parallel computing to speed up simulation. Starting from version 10.0, Geant4 supports event-level parallelism. Even though this is based on pthread, it can be extended with other libraries such as Intel TBB and MPI. Therefore it is possible to parallelize JUNO simulation framework by integrating Geant4 and SNiPER. In this paper, our progress in developing parallelized simulation software is presented. The SNiPER framework can run in sequential mode, Intel TBB mode or other modes. The SNiPER task component is in charge of the event loop, which is like a simplified application manager. Two types of tasks are introduced in the simulation framework, one is a global task and another is a worker task. The global task will run only once to initialize detector geometry and physics processes before any other tasks spawned. Later it is accessed by other tasks passively. The worker tasks will be spawned after the global task is done. In each worker task, a Geant4 run manager is invoked to do the real simulation. In this way the simulation framework and the underlying TBB have been decoupled. Finally, the software performance of parallelized JUNO simulation software is also presented.


We investigate a model of a U(1)-Higgs theory on the lattice with compact gauge fields but completely suppressed (elementary) monopoles. We study the model at two values of the quartic Higgs self-coupling, a strong coupling, $\lambda = 3.0$, and a weak coupling, $\lambda=0.01$. We map out the phase diagrams and find that the monopole suppression eliminated the confined phase of the standard lattice model at strong gauge coupling. We perform a detailed analysis of the static potential and study the mass spectrum in the Coulomb and Higgs phases for three values of the gauge coupling. We also probe the existence of a scalar bosonium to the extent that our data allow and conclude that further investigations are required in the Coulomb phase.


This study intended to survey the effective factors in improving high school management from the viewpoints of school administrators and teachers of Urmiah city, Iran. The method of research was descriptive surveying. We used cross-country method for gathering data by a researcher-made questionnaire, which after the confirmation of content and face validity by experts, the reliability in a sample of 30 using cronbach α, with a correlation coefficient of 93% has been determined. The participants of this study were all secondary school administrators and teachers of Urmiah city, Iran, which were selected out of 1200. We used stratified sampling, because there were 2 groups: school administrators, and teachers. Our sample was 100. The analysis method was descriptive and inferential (t-Test). The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the views of school administrators' and teachers' about the effect of objective targeting, participatory leadership, and participatory decision-making, effective communication with staff and constant evaluation on the improvement of management. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE


The strong visible band systems of a supersonic molecular beam sample of isotopically substituted CaNC (13C and 15N individually) have been recorded at high resolution by laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectra have the general appearance of the expected A 2Π–X 2Σ+ band systems, but the energy levels of both the ‖Ω‖=1/2 and 3/2 excited substates have localized perturbations. Spectroscopic parameters for the X 2Σ+ state of the isotopomers were extracted from a least‐squares fit to the appropriate combinations differences of the observed transitions frequencies. Excited state effective parameters were extracted by directly fitting the unperturbed portions of the optical spectra. The rs‐structure bond lengths for the ground electronic state were determined to be Ca–N=2.2065(58) A and N–C=1.1186(58) A. The permanent electric dipole moments for the Ca15NC isotopomer were determined to be 5.93(8) and 6.69(9) D for the A 2Π and X 2Σ+ states, respectively.


Providing comprehensive services to students with significant support needs is a complex and challenging endeavor because of the uniqueness of a wide range of conditions and variables that impact one or more of the functioning capacities of these students. Along with this complexity, it is necessary to fully integrate culturally responsive ideology and pedagogy within the framework of determined effective strategies and supports. This article provides a context for the application of the essential elements of cultural responsiveness and the critical skills for teachers to use in teaching diverse populations of students with significant support needs. Recommendations are made for the inclusion of these elements in teaching practices in terms of the development of a more foundational knowledge base and the implementation of culturally responsive practices within the field of special education. Implications for further research are identified to support the implementation of quality services for students with significant support needs through culturally responsive practices.


Abstract— A method was developed to measure small amounts of dopamine or norepincphrine in biological samples. It was based on the radioenzymic assay originally described by Engelmanet al. (1968) and improved by other workers: dopamine and norepinephrine are O‐methylated by catechol‐O‐ methyl‐transferase in the presence of [3H]S‐adenosylmethioniiie as la belled methyl donor. O‐Methylated derivatives are extracted and estimated. The optimal conditions for the O‐methylation and the extractions were determined. The most important improvement in the method consisted in the selective isolation of catecholamines on microcolumns of alumina under conditions that allowed their subsequent enzymic assay. The assay described can thus be used on any size of biological sample. The assay was not affected by the prescnce of various agents (tissue extracts, CSF salts and particularly calcium, drugs etc.) which were shown to interfere with the O‐methylation process, and it allowed the measurement of quantities of dopamine and norepinephrine as low as 0.15 and 0.1 pmol respectively, whatever the origin of the sample (CSF superfusates, cerebral tissue).


We compute the \alpha_s^2\beta_0 part of the two-loop QCD corrections to the charged lepton spectrum in b \to c \ell \bar\nu_\ell decays and find them to be about 50\% of the first order corrections at all lepton energies, except those close to the end point. Including these corrections we extract the central values \bar\Lambda=0.33 GeV and \lambda_1=-0.17 GeV^2 for the HQET matrix elements and use them to determine the $\overline{\rm MS}$ b and c quark masses, and |V_{cb}|.


Processing tomatoes are attacked by a number of important arthropods, plant diseases and nematodes which significantly reduce fruit yield and quality. Weeds compete with tomato plants, further reducing attainable yield. Worldwide, losses due to these pests are estimated to be about 34.4% of attainable tomato yield under current production practices. Without crop protection, losses would increase to 77.7% of attainable yield. Crop protection practices employed in the EEC and North America reduce yield losses from pests to about 15.4% and 22.8% of attainable yield, respectively. In some areas of the world, tomato production losses due to all categories of pests continue to exceed 50% of attainable production. Weeds are estimated to present the greatest potential for tomato yield loss, about 32.5% of attainable yield. Employing current crop protection practices, worldwide yield losses are only about 6.5% and are as low as 2.5% in the EEC. Similar though less dramatic reductions in actual yield loss are observed for pathogens (excluding viruses) at 40% of potential losses without crop protection, and insects and nematodes at 49% of potential losses. The level of pest control achieved largely results from cultural practices, currently registered pesticides, pest and crop monitoring and host plant resistance. Many pesticides used on tomatoes are of concern due to biological, regulatory and social issues. In the US, and California in particular, the Food Quality Protection, Clean Water, Toxic Air Contaminants, and Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Acts represent regulations potentially affecting pesticides registered on processing tomatoes. Internationally, residue tolerance inconsistencies between nations limit pesticide choice. Social standards, which are not independent of regulatory issues, have brought about various types of certification proposals. Effective and economical pest management in the future will require research on the pest complex attacking processing tomatoes in an IPM context. Such research must address both biological needs and societal demands.


ABSTRACT Senecio glaucus L. subsp. glaucus, a taxon considered native to the Eastern Mediterranean (Israel and Egypt), has been recognized for the first time in littoral sand beaches and dunes of southeastern Spain. A comparative study between Senecio glaucus subsp. glaucus, Senecio glaucus subsp. coronopifolius, and Senecio gallicus was made with herbarium material from Spain and Eastern Mediterranean countries. A line drawing of the Spanish plant and tables of samples of vegetation to show the ecology of this taxon in southeastern Spain are given.


This article descrit-es the transformations that took place as two veteran teachers grappled tt.7 ith the insertion of video-mediated videoconferencing (VMC) for practic:ums during an initial study that focused on teacher candidates. Throu::_;h their stories, the following themes were identified: teacher as risk-tak~r, vitfC as a motivating device to promote student participation in learning, reassessment of teaching practices, and teacher change. Findings i~1dicate that (a) cooperating teachers need to strive for realism and not for peifection during demonstrations, (b) school-university partnerships can be fostered through 21st-century technologies, and (c) informed and supportive stakeholders within the school community can impact participativn and /earning from newly implemented VMC supervision techniques. Lessons learned can be helpful for teacher educators, K-12 administratt.•rs and teachers, and technology support personnel who desire to assist teachers in embedding supportive technologies for teacher education. (Key "Wards: video-mediated conferencing, cooperating teachers, collaboration, teacher change, teacher reflection, practicum, field experience) Introduction n ualitative researchers often find that when they are investigating one "':<Phenomenon, other tangential concerns arise and take prominent roles. This article :epons :he unanticipated findings regarding teacher participants when teacher candidates were being investigated. Teacher participants within this study were initially merely conduits for information leading to research regarding the teacher candidates with whom they partnered. However, after witnessing their strong, positive reactions to the communication modality utilized in the research process, these teachers' voices became recognized as invaluable perspectives and the focus of this subsequent study. The experiences of the :eachers in this study lead us to ask: (a) What happens when cooperating teachers who are well versed in traditional formats for field expe::iences are introduced to video-mediated conferencing (VMC), a live two-way video broadcast that is moderated by a facilitator? (b) What do coop-:rating teachers reveal when they elaborate on videomediated conferencing? Su:h questions may seem inconsequential if one follows the common assumption that teachers implement new practices without question or with soall modifications to fit their given context for instructional refor::n effow (Sato, Coffey, & Moorthy, 2005). However, when this study investigated teacher reactions to VMC experiences, it observed that cooferating teachers would willingly forego the practice of solely supporting teacher candidates within the confines of their classroom with the typical tvro to three visits by university personnel for adding a distance learning model. Such behaviors could respond to the call for greater collaboration between universities and school partners (Guyton & Mcintyre, 199G; Mcintyre, Byrd, & Fox, 1996). When educational reform efforts are attempted without the agreement and full collaboratio:J. of the classroom teacher, teachers can view such attempts as coercive. Subsequently, to disseminate a technological practice that will modify traditional modes of operation, educators must be willing to construct pedagogically sound reasons for doing so (Hughes & Zachariah, 2C,01; Kirkman, 2000). This is crucial because teachers, who solely mimic the expectations of technological reforms espoused by leaders, have litt~e knowledge of how the technology can expand the role of teaching and learning (Creighton, 2003) .This article, therefore, endeavors to share the perspectives of two cooperating teachers as they implemented video-mediating conferencing within their classroom settings.


and data processing models. For example, Wu et al. (2019) objectively determined the relative importance of each emotional demand based on customer positioning, and the key customer demand in product design was identified by using a rough number algorithm. Jiang et al. (2018) took the conceptual design of a transmission Abstract Customer knowledge of a target image is an important and primary research topic related to the product design and development process. This paper presents research on product target image reasoning based on complex network theory and game theory. First, through an evaluation of the correlations among images, a complex network structure diagram with image words as nodes is constructed, and the network attributes of node degree, betweenness and closeness to the centre of the network are calculated. Then, based on the related methods of game theory, the weights of the three network attributes are evaluated, and a comprehensive calculation is carried out on the image to obtain the target image. Finally, an image entropy algorithm is used to validate the results. Taking a scooter as an example, a complex network of 12 image words is constructed by collecting the evaluations of a total of 12 subjects from different professional fields on 8 scooter samples; thus, the verification of the case is completed. This paper provides a more efficient and accurate target image evaluation method for product design or development, which is a new proposal for the product intelligent design process.


An interactive tutorial on how to reference books correctly. It begins with an example, and interactively draws the student through the stages of accessing the relevant information through to how to include the final citation in the bibliography. It concludes with a 'test your knowledge' set of activities.

When you view this object note that the panel on the left generated by the repository can be dragged sideways to view the learning object full screen.


Fuzzy logic and its reasoning based on triangular norms are presented the properties and the method of triangular norms are introduced, and the conjunction is evaluated by means of tnorm and the implication by means of residuum, at the same time, biimplication, equality relation and the semantic of fuzzy sets are discussed too. The paper presents an explanation of vague environments by equality relation and several examples.


A recent project required access to 2-(2-nitrobenzyl)benzoic acid (4a) for a cyclization study to prepare 5,l l-dihydro-6H-dibenz[b.e]azepin-6-one.' This compound has been previously synthesized by nitration of 2-benzylbenzoic acid? but it was not purified from the accompanying C-4 nitration product. We, therefore, sought a method to prepare the C-2 nitrated compound in pure form. Our synthetic plan involved (1) nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the 2-[2(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]acetate anion (2a) to 2-fluoro1 -nitrobenzene, (2) basic hydrolysis of the two esters, and (3) selective decarboxylation of the doubly benzylic acid Previous work in this laboratory4 and by others5 has shown that stabilized anions can be added to 2and 4halol-nitrobenzenes by nucleophilic aromatic substitution but, to date, additions of methyl phenylacetate derivatives bearing anion-stabilizing electron withdrawing groups at C-2 of the aromatic ring have not been described. We report here our results on the application of this strategy to the synthesis of several o,o'-disubstituted diarylacetic esters and diarylmethanes.


Crystalline phase transformation from α-phase to ω-phase(high pressure phase) was found to occur in Zr thin film on sapphire when it was irradiated with N+ or Ar+ions at low temperature. Ion irradiation at ambient temperature caused only grain growth of the α-phase. The ω-phase formation is tentatively attributed to crystal growth in collision cascade under large compressive stress which was generated by preceding irradiation.


Requirements tracing supports software development work by tracing the changes made to the models. There are two functions in requirements tracing: change tracking and influence analysis. Change tracking is the function of searching the models and model elements in the production sequence. Furthermore, one correction of an element in a model often leads to new corrections to other elements. Influence analysis is the function of finding those elements that need to be additionally corrected. The requirements tracing models are drawn with UML diagrams. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is an industrial-standard visual modeling language established by the OMG (Object Management Group).


The objectives of the workshop were to provide a stimulating forum for researchers in information visualization and digital libraries to share their views, experiences, and plans; to raise the awareness of the state of the art in related fields of research; to identify a research agenda concerning the role of visual interfaces in digital library research; to exploit potentially useful theories, methodologies, and technologies; and to establish long-term interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers from different fields.