Background:Prevalence of obesity increased every year especially in developing country and there were multi aspects that affecting it. Adipocyte cell is an active endocrine organ that released many active mediator, one of it was retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4). Through retinol dependent or independent mechanism, there are a relation between RBP4 and trygliceride through ApoB 100, but the mechanism is uncleared. Objectives: This study aimed to determine was there a correlation between RBP4 and ApoB in women with central obesity. Methods: This was a cross sectional study including 50 women with central obesity and age 20-50 years old. Examination of RBP4 and ApoB100 were conducted and the correlation was assessed. Results: Mean aged of the subjects were 30.5±8.9 years old and mean of waist circumference was 99.4±12.3 cm.The mean of RBP4 was 30.4±8.4μg/mL and ApoB 100 was 103.6±16.2 mg/dL. There are no correlation between RBP4 and ApoB100 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no correlation between RBP4 and ApoB100, there should be another parameters that correlated to ApoB100 in central obesity.


Abstract A discrete non-linear torsional vibration model of a single-stage planetary set is proposed in the current study. The model includes all possible power flow configurations, any number of planets in any spacing arrangement and any planet mesh phasing configurations. It also includes time variation of gear mesh stiffnesses as well as clearance (backlash) non-linearities. The non-linear equations of motion are solved semi-analytically using multi-term harmonic balance method (HBM) in conjunction with inverse discrete Fourier transform and Newton-Rapson method. The HBM solutions are compared with numerical simulation results to demonstrate the accuracy of the HBM formulation. Another comparison with predictions of a deformable-body dynamic model is also provided to assess the accuracy of the discrete model. Limited parametric studies are presented at the end, to show the influence of key gear design parameters on dynamic response.


Objective: To study the effects of excess iodine intake and the intervention of selenium on α-tubulin expression in the cerebrum of filial mice. Methods: Sixty BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups; control group (tap water, NC), iodine excess group (3 000μg/L I, EI+), selenium group (200μg/L Se, Se+) and iodine excess plus selenium (3 000μg/L I + 200μg/L Se, EI+Se+) group. The mice were mated at the end of the 4 th month. Serum T4 and T3 were determined on postnatal D 14 and D 28. The expression of α-tubulin in filial cerebrum were measured by fluorescent real time PCR and Western blot respectively. Results: Serum T4 in EI+ was lower significantly than that in NC and EI+Se+ on postnatal D 14. mRNA and protein of α-tubulin in EI+ were lower than those in other groups on postnatal D 0, but higher on postnatal D 14 (P0.05). Serum T4 and α-tubulin among 4 groups were insignificantly different on postnatal D 28.Conclusion: The expression of α-tubulin is lowered in filial cerebrum after iodine excess intake and can be alleviated by selenium supplementation.


• demonstrate the concept of simulations prepared for the new challenges which appear with a new type of operations in the airspace • based on the state space description of the dynamic system — the AV — and is designed to allow the control over a character of the system or measurement noise. • anticipated main factor — multipath effect. The multipath propagation may affects mainly the PDF of the measurement noise.


The present invention discloses a solar cell structure and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor Ⅲ-Ⅴ, the protective shell and comprising from bottom to top transparent substrate is provided inside the protective case, the amorphous silicon layer, a Group Ⅲ-Ⅴ polycrystalline semiconductor layer , transparent light guide layer, the bottom layer of the light-absorbing active, protective shell mounted protective substrate, a light absorbing layer disposed concave arcuate direction, the grooves on the transparent light guide layer is a match; transparent surface of the light guide layer and the inner It defines a plurality of pores, to guide the incident light level ⅲ-ⅴ group polycrystalline semiconductor layer. The present invention employs an arc light absorbing layer, a transparent conductive layer and a transparent substrate is used as a light structure, not only increases its service life, reduces the overall cost, but also increase the area of light absorption, effective absorption of light, to improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell of light .


This thesis is placed in the context of the Hogthrob project, whose goal is to monitor key aspects of a sow lifecycle using a sensor network. A sensor network is defined as a collection of sensor nodes equipped with processing and communication capabilities. So far, sensor nodes have been designed using commonly available components chosen to accommodate the needs of a general purpose sensor network application. In contrast, we choose to follow a holistic approach and allow specific application requirements to dictate the relevant decisions at all levels of the sensor network design, including both hardware and software. We need to consider a very large design space: e.g., what micro-controller to use? what radio to use? Do we need hardware accelerators? How to best support duty cycling? The key problem is how to explore this design space: How to evaluate the impact of a design decisions on the application in terms of functionality and performance? This thesis attacks this problem. We first describe the application requirements in the context of Hogthrob. In the first part of this thesis, we analyze two prominent sensor network applications already deployed. We review the sensor nodes available today and discuss their relevance in the context of Hoghtrob. We focus on the issue of power consumption which is critical and will thus drive many of our design decisions. We discuss how to estimate power consumption in a sensor network. In the second part, we describe how to explore the design space for the Hogthrob application. We describe the design of the Hoghtrob sensor node prototype and we detail how to estimate power consumption using this platform. Finally, we discuss as future work how to apply this power estimation technique to explore the design space for the Hogthrob sensor nodes on a chip.


The e l e c t r o n i c g-tensor i n halogen-doped cadmium su l f i d e -has been measured at 1.7°KS and i t s dependence upon u n i a x i a l pressures p a r a l l e l and perpendicular to the c-axis has been investigated. A sample doped with iodine to a room temperature r e s i s t i v i t y of « 0 . 7 .TLcm exhibited an anisotropic, g-tensor with g = 1.785 and g . = 1.767. The anisotropy i n a heavily bromine-doped sample (̂> « 0.07 .n, cm) was the same, but g^ was s l i g h t l y larger, 1.789. When some of the cadmium i s replaced by zinc, the a l l o y acquires properties intermediate between those of CdS and ZnS. This was shown to apply to the g-tensor by measuring i t i n CdS(10% Zn):I. It was found to have a smaller anisotrophy and a larger absolute value than that of CdS:I, thus having changed towards that of ZnS. The pressure dependence of the g-tensor and the change i n the o p t i c a l bandgap under hydrostatic pressure could be reasonably well explained i n terms of two deformation p o t e n t i a l constants for the bandgap D1-C1-C3 «w6.3 eV/unit s t r a i n and D2-C2-C4«1.8 eV/unit s t r a i n . It i s therefore concluded that although the bandstructure of CdS i s not s u f f i c i e n t l y well known to predict the g-tensor c o r r e c t l y , the i n t e r a c t i o n of the conduction band with the valence bands appears to be.dqminant. Further experiments to study the conduction band edge are proposed.


Abstract Electron diffraction studies have been made of polycrystalline Ni films irradiated with well separated beams of ions of different nature, namely ions of inert (He+, Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, Xe+) and reactive (N+ and O+) gases. The Ni films were prepared under vacuum conditions (P≳ 3·10−6Pa during evaporation) preventing an appreciable contamination of the films with impurities. The samples were irradiated at T≍ 300 K with ion beams of energies from 10 to 100 keV in the dose range between 5·1016 cm−2 and the value leading to sample destruction. Irradiation with noble gas ions revealed no phase transitions in the Ni films. A similar result was obtained in irradiation of Fe and Cr films with He+ ions. The bombardment of Ni films with reactive gas ions does cause changes in the lattice structure of the samples under study, depending on the nature of the bombarding ions. The N+ ion bombardment gives rise to the hcp phase with the lattice parameters typical of the Ni3N compound, and the O+ ion bombardment result...


Disclosed herein is a recording method, including: sequentially attaching a first reaction liquid, a first ink containing a color material, a second reaction liquid, and a second ink containing a color material to a non-absorptive recording medium or a low-absorptive recording medium in a superimposed manner, wherein the first reaction liquid contains a coagulant for coagulating or thickening a component of the first ink, and wherein the second reaction liquid contains a coagulant for coagulating or thickening a component of the second ink.


Large petroleum revenues make Norway an enviable fiscal loner. The fiscal policy rule adopted from 2001 transforms petroleum wealth into foreign assets, and only the real return on the financial fund should be spent annually. Despite this ambitious saving of the petroleum wealth, we find it unlikely that present tax rates and welfare schemes are sustainable in a long run perspective. Rather, the results from combining detailed models of demography and government expenditures with a detailed CGE model, suggest that Norway is exceptional also with respect to strong growth in government expenditures. In our baseline scenario the payroll tax rate must be increased continuously when ageing sets in after 2020, passing twice the present level about 2045. This is required even if the pension fund reaches 1.4 times GDP, commanding an unprecedented degree of fiscal discipline.


We compare phase diversity and curvature wavefront sensing. Besides having completely different reconstruction algorithms, the two methods measure data in different domains: phase diversity very near to the focal plane, and curvature wavefront sensing far from the focal plane in quasi-pupil planes, which enable real-time computation of the wavefront using analog techniques. By using information- theoretic lower bounds, we show that the price of measuring far from the focal lane is an increased error in estimating the phase. Curvature wavefront sensing is currently operating in the field, but phase diversity should produce superior estimates as real-time computing develops.


This contribution is aimed at framing the book 'Visages of geoheritage and geodiversity' in the context of relevant initiatives promoted by international bodies within the field of Earth Sciences.


I was truly honoured and privileged to receive the prestigious Travel Fellowship from BHIVA/Janssen to attend the 8 th International AIDS Society meeting in Vancouver, Canada. This is made more special personally as it has not gone unnoticed that it has been harder for UKbased HIV physicians to obtain travel grants and educational fellowships to attend international medical meetings. This is mostly reflected in stricter Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) guidelines whereby corporate 'big pharma' are offering reduced sponsorships for healthcare workers attending meetings. This, along with reductions in NHS study leave bursaries and funding, is clearly reflected in the vastly reduced UK delegate presence and UKbased submission of original data. Personally I am worried that this could have an adverse effect on young trainees creating and submitting original and innovative research ideas as well as considering HIV medicine as a career. I suspect other nations have similar problems as just over 6,000 delegates attended, which is much fewer than previous IAS meetings, and this is likely to be further fuelled by the recent global recession.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a new methodology for designing modular products taking into account assembly complexity and Design for Assembly. DFA encourages components integration to reduce assembly time, while modularity promotes partitioning and decomposition of product architectures into components and modules to facilitate interchangeability. A product granularity level determines the details of its architecture. The best product architecture granularity level, and size and number of product modules are determined using Cladistics – a hierarchical classification tool – along with the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) and assembly insertion and handling complexity indices. A case study using a DC vibration motor is used to demonstrate the application of the presented methodology. It is observed that increasing assembly complexity promotes coarser product architecture granularity and more modularity results in finer product granularity. Use of the presented design methodology achieves the best trade-off between products modularity and integration.


To provide a reaction and diffusion using laser-induced recording layer and the dielectric layer of the recording medium of phase change and / or magneto-optical recording method a recording medium which recorded thereon is used, and a method for the recording medium and reproducing apparatus. Comprising a phase change recording method by laser-induced absorption coefficients and optical constants of the reaction of the recording layer and the dielectric layer of the diffusion of the recording medium changes. The magneto-optical recording method comprises changing the magnetization direction in the recording layer while using the recording layer and the dielectric layer so that the laser irradiation of the recording medium in which the initiation of the reaction and diffusion. Also it provides a recording method of recording the physical properties of the projection based on initiated by the recording layer and the dielectric layer is formed by diffusion reaction and the laser mark.


An international co-operative project to develop an advanced X-ray source on the basis of Compton backscattering is described. The goal is the re-configuration of the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) N-100 storage ring to support the efficient interaction of its electron beam with a high power pulsed-laser cavity. At equilibrium both the electron and X-ray beams' phase space characteristics are determined by a balance of stochastic photon cooling and emission. In this paper the operating parameters and fundamental spectral and temporal properties of the novel source are summarized and the potential for its development.into an ultra-short pulse source is discussed.


During the financial crisis of 2008-2009,global goods trade appeared"overs shooting".This paper examined the role of vertical specialization in the uprising world long-term trade income elasticity,crisis trade income elasticity and different trade income elasticities among different areas.Based on compositional effect and trade-financial declining,this paper explained worldwide trade"overshooting"during 2008-2009 financial crisis and gave some advices on Chinese foreign trade healthy development.


The efficacy of drugs may be assessed by their influence on mucociliary clearance. The criterion is the abbreviation of the elimination-half-time of radio-labelparticles, e.g. TE99• The interesting information of such tests is that not the so called secretolytics, but betaagonists and theophyllin are effective. However the message is rather artificial and the clinical relevancy of such effects give rise to some doubts. There is a wide spectrum of objectives for acute clinical trials. Compared are: -different substances representing one class, e.g. betaagonist with respect to the relation of effects and side effects and especially to the duration of action, different types of drugs such as beta-agonists versus theophylline, different routes (oral, inhalative, se, iv), different types of aerosol generation or particles (MDI, nebulizer, powder, different shapes and volumes of spacers etc.), different formulations, different dosing intervals, -combinations of different drugs to look at synergistic effects. Acute clinical trials are easier to perform than subacute or longterm trials. But even in acute studies we are faced with one big problem: the patient. The ideal patient in the biometric point of view may be characterized as follows: highly cooperative, stable, even in case of stopping the medication for hours or several days. But nevertheless he has to fulfil the criteria of manifest asthma. The real patient in real life is quite different. Compliance is limited (with respect to the use of drugs and to the frequency of measurements prescribed by the protocol)unstable and needs some medication or does not suffer from asthma. The design of protocols has to talce into account these conditions otherwise, violations are preprogrammed. What can we learn by clinical trials for the management of COPD-patients? For several reasons it may be difficult to judge the results of clinical trials: the labels for the diseases and therefore the selection criteria are different in different countries, -the question has to be answered whether significant differences are clinically relevant, principally we have to judge whether results coming from selected patients and elaborated by more or less artificial methods are applicable for clinical practice, -and finally, what does an acute effect mean for long term treaunent? Acute clinical trials give valuable information about potency of a drug, onset and duration of action in comparison with placebo or standard drugs or different routes of application or formulations. The relevancy of different models for clinical application the results decrease from: bronchospasmolytic effect, protection in challenge test, influence on mucociliary clearance. In every single case the effect of drug and the optimal dose has to be evaluated individually. Fortunately there are simple and reliable methods available such as peak flow recordings and the diary.


The high-performance electric preciptation system used in power stations captures charged particulate by means of corona effect. Owing to the danger of high voltage and heavy equipment, the system is only able to be applied in stationary heat engines. Using a low-voltage filter system, experiments were performed in this study. Neutral particulate in the exhaust from a diesel engine passing through negative wire mesh will be negative-electron charged and captured by conductible positive carbon fiber. The findings show that the particulate concentration is reduced by 50% or so. Because there is the same or better safety performance that in the corona system. this low-voltage filter system could be applied to commercial diesel engines.


The proposal for a Regulation for the establishment of residue limits of pharmacologically active substances in foodstuffs of animal origin, who is now under discussion in council expert working groups and in the European Parliament (EP), is presented. The general objective of the proposal is to continue to limit consumer exposure to pharmaceutically active substances intended to be used in veterinary medicinal products for food producing animals and residues thereof in foodstuffs of animal origin through Community procedures. The main items of the Regulation proposal highlight food safety and pharmaceutical drug safety. Apart from adjusting provisions for the fixing of maximum residue limits for pharmaceutically active substances, which are intended for use in veterinary medicinal products, procedures shall be provided for establishing maximum residue limits for substances which are not intended for use in veterinary medicinal products, as well as reference points for action in accordance with EU Regulation 882/2004. The provisions aim at improving the availability of veterinary pharmaceutical products, and -while maintaining a high level of consumer health protection- contribute to a consistent policy in the internal market and at the import from third countries.


The spring washers is cracked during production. Analysis of the crack has done with SED,metallography,composition analysis and EDS etc.The result shows that it was the typical intergranular fracture,and there were scrappy claw and tiny pore in the fracture of crystal face.It is the character for fracture of hydrogen embrittlement of high yield steel.The reason for hydrogen embrittlement fracture is incomplete removal of hydrogen after acid-washing or electroplating.


A perturbative method to compute the total travel time of both null and lightlike rays in arbitrary static spherically symmetric spacetime is proposed. The resultant total time takes a quasi-series form of the impact parameter. In the weak field limit, the coefficient of this series at a certain order is determined by the asymptotic expansion of the metric functions to one order higher. To the leading order(s), the time delay, as well as the difference between the time delays of two kinds of relativistic signals, is then shown to take a universal form for all SSS spacetimes. This universal form depends on the mass $M$ and a post-Newtonian parameter $\gamma$ of the spacetime, but not on high order parameters in the asymptotic expansion of the metric functions.


Surgery lighting systems (SLS) aim to provide optimal lighting conditions for the surgeon in an operating room. To visually differentiate between only marginally different looking tissues, SLS offer settings for the level of illumination, color temperature and size of the illuminated field. By today's standards, SLS are controlled with control panels that are situated at the lamp housings. The operation of the control panel is handled in an ergonomically unfavorable position with the hands above the operator's head. On top, the region above the operator's shoulder is considered as not sterile and causes a potential safety risk. To secure asepsis, it is required to extensively sterilize all equipment that the operator comes in contact with. In this paper, a contactless gesture control for a SLS is developed with the intention to offer the surgeon a sterile and ergonomically comfortable operation. A Microsoft Kinect 3D-sensor is used. The gesture control offers control of the level of illumination, the color temperature and functions of a camera for documentation requirements like zooming, rotating and taking a picture. A sophisticated procedure to logon and logoff the system prevents unintentional operation. The gesture control system and the conventional control panel were tested and compared in a usability study. The participating subjects rated the usability of the gesture control to be good to very good according to the System Usability Scale by Broke. 94% of the subjects perceived the gesture control to be ergonomically more comfortable. After simultaneous operation of the surgery light and execution of a cognitive task, 82% stated that the gesture control is less likely to distract them from that task. This data indicates that the concept of a gesture control with a 3D-sensor for a SLS is feasible and that it has a potential to receive a high degree of acceptance. EPiC Series in Computing Volume 41, 2016, Pages 138–146 GCAI 2016. 2nd Global Conference on Artificial Intelligence C.Benzmüller, G.Sutcliffe and R.Rojas (eds.), GCAI 2016 (EPiC Series in Computing, vol. 41), pp. 138–146


Objective: To establish a clustering analysis method for red kojic by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spec-trometry. Methods: Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with clustering analysis was used to identify red kojic obtained by fermenting 1 of 7 species of Monascus, including M. aurantiacus Lee, M. rubropanctatus Sato , M. albidus Sato, M. barkeri Dangerd, M. ruber van Tieghem, M. purpureus Went and M. fuliginosus Sato. Results: There were obvious differences among red kojic from different species. The results were consistent with that of morphologic study and scanning electron-microscopy. Conclusion: This method is rapid, simple and of low cost, it can be used in the quality control of red kojic.


Nathalie Sarraute willingly repeated that she "never knew the boundaries between the art of fiction and poetry." Yet such boundaries do exist. Her texts are not poems; Nathalie Sarraute was well aware of it. And I do not think she ever claimed to have written any poetry. And yet, what really matters here is such an apparent difficulty (or impotency) with separating fiction and poetry, mainly on the part of a writer who was, elsewhere, so careful and competent in delineating the subtleties, so exceedingly careful in making the right distinctions and adjustments when plain words were at stake... Thus, when I label this attitude as some kind of "difficulty" or "incapacity," we indeed run the risk of going astray. Rather, Nathalie Sarraute seems to find some interest or pleasure in never separating fiction and poetry, keeping such a distinction quite free-floating, most probably in order to settle herself, with both pen and paper, on that very fringe or borderline where they both mutually uncover and discover, join and come apart, hide and seek. Never to delineate borders and boundaries means keeping both fiction and poetry within the same territory, which would be labeled "writing" in an initial simplistic approach; it does not mean either confusing or disbanding but, at first, merely allowing poetry to watch over fiction and prevent it from erecting itself into a closed-in world around a stiff imagery, well set on toward a specific object with characters and narration.


The exposure of people living with HIV (PLHIV) to antiretrovirals (ARV) can cause significant adverse effects, contributing to their low adherence to treatment. The pharmacist can contribute to the optimization of PLHIV drug therapy through pharmacotherapeutic monitoring, favoring adherence to ARV therapy and, consequently, suppression of the viral load. The objective of the present study was to develop a pharmacotherapeutic monitoring routine for PLHIV in outpatient follow-up at a mediumand high-complexity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This is an experimental development project that consists of using knowledge from practical experience and research from the specialized literature to subsidize the structuring of a new service to support PLHIV. The work was divided into three parts: development of the necessary instruments for pharmaceutical care, elaboration of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for patient care, and testing of routines and work tools. The educational leaflets for patients and information boards were developed through a literature search, whereas the pharmaceutical documentation instruments and SOP were developed through adaptations of the Dáder Method. All work instruments were subjected to a test to evaluate the need for changes to improve the service.


Gearbox faults are one of the most common and severe causes of energy losses in large wind turbine technology.  Further, degradation of gearboxes is an elusive phenomenon by the point of view of diagnostics. Yet, nowadays the widespread diffusion of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) control systems is a keystone for fault prevention. It is desirable to conjugate accuracy of the outputs with intuitiveness and reasonable computational cost.  The present work deals with these issues: some methods are proposed for data mining of SCADA gearbox temperature and vibration measurements. In particular, a model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is proposed and its performances are compared against similar approaches in the literature. It arises that vibration analysis at the time scale of SCADA data isn't effective for fault diagnosis, even if powered by the artificial intelligence of the ANN, while the proposed ANN model for gearbox temperatures is useful for early fault diagnosis. The method is tested on the data sets of a wind farm in southern Italy and it is shown that the method is capable of diagnosing incoming faults to three out of nine wind turbines of the site.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic presents many concerns, including stress. Physical activity (PA) can help decrease stress. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and PA levels of U.S. adults. Mixed-methods data were collected from adults (N = 464, 73.3% female, 87.5% white) examining levels of stress and PA, as well as changes in PA and various factors that impacted PA. A decrease in PA habits was reported by 55.3% during the lockdown period and by 48.6% currently when compared to pre-pandemic. Nearly half of participants (41.8%) met recommended PA guidelines, and experienced moderate levels of perceived stress. Significant differences in stress were found for those who indicated the pandemic altered current exercise compared to pre-pandemic (F(2,362) = 3.67, p = .026, η2 = 0.020), and among stress levels for those who met both, one, or neither cardio or muscular strength PA guidelines (F(2,456) = 4.97, p = .007, η2 = 0.021). Additionally, 225 participants provided open-ended responses; qualitative themes identified include change of exercise environment, increased or decreased frequency of PA, psychological changes, and change in PA intensity or type. During the pandemic, most respondents experienced changes in PA; decreases in PA were associated with loss of access to PA spaces during lockdown or psychological changes such as negative mood state or lack of motivation.


In this paper, we analyze the implications arising from imposing a Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR)constraint in an agent's portfolio selection problem, and compare them with those arising from the imposition of a Value-at-Risk (VaR) constraint. For a given confidence level, a CVaR constraint is tighter than a VaR constraint is the CVaR and VaR bounds coincide. Consequently, a CVaR constraint is more effective than a VaR constraint as a tool to control slightly risk-averse agents, but has a perverse effect in that it may force highly risk-averse agents to select portfolios with larger standard deviations. While this effect may also occur with the use of a VaR constraint, it is even more perverse and more likely to occur with a CVaR constraint. However, when the CVaR bound is appropriately larger than the VaR bound, a CVaR constraint 'dominates' a VaR constraint as a risk management tool.


This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two different BAJA vehicle models in muscle activity and movements of upper and lower limbs during simulated driving off-road race. In this preliminary work is part of a larger ergonomic evaluation that aims to provide data that underlie the preparation and adjustments to new Baja vehicle projects. In this sense, the body posture and movements performed by the driver in driving the vehicle can point conditions can biomechanical overload, which can support subsequent adjustments in vehicle design.


The development of the nervous‐system is largely influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the neural retina, the photoreceptors are surrounded by a unique ECM, the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). The IPM plays a central and possibly crucial role in the development, maintenance and specific function of the photoreceptors. Therefore, the characterization of IPM components is necessary to understand the mechanisms regulating photoreceptor differentiation.


The purpose of this study is to propose a model of sense-making process in order to understand the cognitive process by which newcomers cope with their experiences in the new organizational settings. In the research, five corporate executive leaders, who have boundaryless careers and experience of working in a variety of industries, were interviewed by applying narrative approach. As a result of the interviews, it turned out that there was no existing model which could fully explain the sense-making process of those leaders. Therefore, in this study, a new model of sense-making process which can account for the five cases is proposed. By examining the five cases through the model, this study presents the effectiveness of the model and adds insights to the common ground of sense-making process for the organizational resocialization as follows: (1) There is inherent criteria which we named reference point; (2) The reference point is likely to be affected by the surroundings over time for the sake of being consistent; (3) The reference point sometimes induces more than two meanings and individuals select one which seems the most reasonable to explain in a consistent manner at that moment.


Abstract A small, second-order stream in the southern Appalachians was sampled every 2 months from September 1978 to October 1979. The 1.5-km study segment was divided into 50, 30-m sections grouped into three areas: A downstream area with only rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri; a middle, mixed-trout area; an upstream area with predominantly brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Although a few fish of both species exhibited substantial movements, the majority of fish moved less than 30 m either upstream or downstream. Growth rates of both species were approximately equal until the spring of their second year, when rainbow trout outgrew brook trout and thereafter maintained a size-at-age advantage. Rainbow trout, particularly the 1978 cohort, dominated trout production in the stream. Even in the brook trout area, where the density of 1978 cohort brook trout was twice that of 1978 cohort rainbow trout, rainbow trout outproduced brook trout by 1.20 g/m2 to 1.14 g/m2. Declining mean biomass of older fish of both spe...


Can judges interpret the law in a manner that is objectively verifiable, or do judges necessarily – even if unconsciously – inject their own predispositions and biases into their decisions? It is difficult to decide whether such a question is frivolous in the post-Realist age, or whether it is the is the single most important question that we can ask about our legal system. I endorse both responses. The question, as phrased, is both vitally important and unanswerable on its own terms. Rather than seeking an elusive objective standard by which to measure the correctness of "a judgment," I argue that we need to develop a vocabulary to assess whether judges are "judging well," because it is the activity of judging well that serves as the cornerstone of the rule of law. The article unfolds in three parts. First, I briefly review Professor William Popkin's admirable work as a starting point for analysis. Drawing on Kantian aesthetics, Popkin defends the ability to assess nondeductive judgments. I develop his conception of "ordinary judgment" along different lines, arguing for a conception of "judging well" that is rooted in practical reasoning as articulated rhetorically. Leslie Paul Thiel brings contemporary work in neuroscience to bear on what I term "rhetorical knowledge." * Professor of Law, McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific, firstname.lastname@example.com. I would like to thank Brian Larson for very helpful comments on an earlier draft. I dedicate this essay to Anthony M. Kennedy, Jr., Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. I was fortunate to get to know Justice Kennedy during my service as Dean because, among other notable accomplishments in his career, he is the longest serving adjunct faculty member at McGeorge. Justice Kennedy embodies the rhetorical ideal of "wisdom speaking eloquently," and during his long tenure he certainly has judged well. Washington University Open Scholarship 2 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY JURISPRUDENCE REVIEW [VOL. 11:1 I conclude that judgment is a foundational capacity deeply rooted in the structure of our brain and intrinsic to our sense of self. We cultivate rhetorical knowledge through interpretive experiences that provide us with dynamic resources to exercise judgment in changing circumstances. Law judges exhibit this fundamental activity in a disciplined manner. Judgment is real and constrained, even if it is neither deductive nor rationally defensible as an objective fact. I defend my account by assessing the opinions in Hively v. Ivy Tech Community College, the Seventh Circuit case that held that discriminating against LGBT employees is a form of sex discrimination under Title VII. The multiple opinions provide competing conceptions of judging well, and I assess them in light of my theory. Judging well is not a mysterious or rare event. It is something that we do and see every day. By attending to how we judge well, we can best preserve the fragile structures that subtend the operation of our legal system and engender hope that the quest for justice, however, imperfect and halting, can continue.


There are various conducting polymer blends which are used as hole transporting layers (HTL) in organic photovoltaic devices (OPV). The electrical performance of these conducting polymer blends depends crucially on its surface compositions and morphology. In this paper, we studied poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) or PEDOT:PSS as an example of the HTL conducting polymer blends used in OPV. We have investigated the effect of annealing PEDOT:PSS in different atmospheres such as vacuum, N2, and air at different temperatures. It was found that the component ratio of the polymer blend is changing with annealing temperature and atmosphere. PSS/PEDOT ratio was found to have clear influence on the electrical performance of the material. In practice, we found that annealing can be used as a method to control component ratio of the HTL conducting polymer blend to achieve better electrical performance in OPV devices. The component ratio changes of the polymer with annealing were understood by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Annealing in N2 atmosphere at 220°C for 1 hour gave best electrical performance for the polymer and the PSS/PEDOT ratio at that condition was close to 1.1, while the initial ratio was 2.5. Optimizing HTL layer by simple conductivity measurement does not guarantee best performance in OPV since surface property changes during annealing might affect the deposition of successive active layers on top and thus final device. Thus we have optimized annealing condition of the HTL layer according to the OPV performance itself.


In Brassica, interspecific hybridisation plays an important role in the formation of allopolyploid cultivars. In this study, the ploidy of F1 and F2 generations resulting from interspecific hybridisation between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) (2n = 18) and kale (B. oleracea L. var. acephala) (2n = 18) with inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) (2n = 38) was examined by flow cytometry analysis and chromosome observation. Furthermore, the effect of meiotic polyploidisation on selected phenotypic and anatomical traits was assessed. The F1 hybrids of head cabbage × rapeseed (S3) and kale × rapeseed crosses (S20) were allotriploids with 2n = 28 chromosomes, and nuclear DNA amounts of 1.97 (S3) and 1.99 pg (S20). These values were intermediate between B. oleracea and B. napus. In interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation, which were derived after self-pollination of F1 hybrids (FS3, FS20) or by open crosses between F1 generation hybrids (FC320, FC230), the chromosome numbers were similar 2n = 56 or 2n = 55, whereas the genome sizes varied between 3.81 (FS20) and 3.95 pg 2C (FC230). Allohexaploid F2 hybrids had many superior agronomic traits compared to parental B. napus and B. oleracea lines and triploid F1 hybrids. In the generative stage, they were characterised by larger flowers and flower elements, such as anthers and lateral nectaries. F2 hybrids were male and female fertile. The pollen viability of F2 hybrids was comparable to parental genotypes and varied from 75.38% (FS3) to 88.24% (FC320), whereas in triploids of F1 hybrids only 6.76% (S3) and 13.46% (S20) of pollen grains were fertile. Interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation derived by open crosses between plants of the F1 generation (FC320, FC230) had a better ability to set seed than F2 hybrids generated from the self-pollination of F1 hybrids. In the vegetative stage, F2 plants had bigger and thicker leaves, larger stomata, and significantly thicker layers of palisade and spongy mesophyll than triploids of the F1 generation and parental lines of B. oleracea and B. napus. The allohexaploid F2 hybrids analysed in this study can be used as innovative germplasm resources for further breeding new vegetable Brassica crops at the hexaploid level.


The distribution, abundance, growth and reproduction of a population of tropical intertidal gastropods, Cerithium moniliferum, at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, were examined and related to the incidence of parasitism by 11 digenean trematodes. The snails were patchily distributed on exposed beachrock, and showed little seasonally related change in abundance, but numbers and shell morphs were correlated with sand movements. Snails bred mainly in spring, had a thickened lip to the body whorl at this time and grew mainly from summer through winter, migrating to higher more exposed levels as they grew. There were no seasonal patterns of incidence with any or all trematodes, five of which were moderately common, though rarely did incidence exceed 20% of the population. Parasitism was more common in larger snails with thick lips and eroded shells found at the higher levels of the beachrock. Parasitism presumably steadily increases with age and size, but once infected, snails stop growing. Parasitized snails are castrated and presumably live for about 2-3 years by which time infection rates exceed 50%.


This paper reports work in progress on a 3D Navier-Stokes solver for hexahedral unstructured meshes. An adaptation algorithm was developed that allows to build up the mesh during the solution process starting from an initial mesh of a few hexahedra only. Derefinement is not used, but instead a novel approach has been developed. Hereby a transfer algorithm is used to project the latest available fine mesh solution on the coarse meshes. The efficiency of the solver is demonstrated with the computation of the flow around a NACA 0012 profile and the flow around a sphere.


In this chapter the authors describe the rationale of a new health strategy for the promotion, and protection of population health and for the reduction of health inequities. At the time of writing, this strategy - known as Health 2020 - is being developed by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe in collaboration with its 53 member states. A dramatic reduction of health inequities is one of its central objectives. The authors describe the reasons that brought about the development of a new health strategy, and summarize the various patterns of health inequities in Europe. Policy approaches are revisited in search of credible interventions for tackling health inequities in the WHO European Region.


We read with great interest the study by Lee et al. titled "Effect of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Versus Intra-articular Injections of Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis" [1]. The authors were able to evaluate and compare the effects and outcomes of the extracorporeal shock wave therapy and intraarticular injections of hyaluronic acid in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This research is considered relevant and interesting, especially because it is noted that the authors compare an invasive therapy, such the intraarticular injections, with the administration of an extracorporeal show wave therapy, which is notably a kind of therapy that does not involve the interruption of the integrity of the skin. It is noted that the results from the study are promising from a clinical aspect; however, we would like to underline how the studying and review of the patient's clinical status with a visual analogue scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lequesne index, 40-m fast-paced walk test, and stair-climb test should be supported by biomechanical information obtained from the precise study of walking pattern using a gait analysis. From this point of view, it is our determination that a gait analysis evaluation should be considered as an objective and useful instrumentation in order to have more data that could identify differences in the walking cycle's sub-phases, before and after any kind of treatment for lower limb's osteoarthritis. In our opinion, the work performed by Lee et al. [1] is relevant, important and useful, however, with would like to ask to the authors if they have the intention to provide results after a longer follow up time frame to be comprehensively reviewed in a further study. We recognize and agree that the subject of knee osteoarthritis is a theme currently representing an emerging topic for its increasing incidence, and it is well known that knee osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that could lead to important long-lasting disability. Therefore, knowing the Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(2):372-373 pISSN: 2234-0645 • eISSN: 2234-0653 https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.2.372


The voluminous data can not be handled using traditional serial programming methods. It needs to be dealt effectively using parallel programming methods in a distributed environment. Emerging technologies for parallel processing has been changing the concept of programming, storage and operating system in distributed environment. Grid Computing and MapReduce technologies have been proven very handy in processing huge volume of simple and multi-dimensional data. The MapReduce in the Hadoop provides an abstract environment for parallel processing of jobs. The framework is well-known for its data analysis capability. However, it is efficient for sequential read and writes. It does not show good performance for random read and writes. It is so because the Hadoop is based on the key-value storage concept and does not work on any indexed dataset. A lot of work has been done to improve the performance of the Hadoop. Indexing input dataset in the Hadoop is one such area. In this paper, a B-Tree index construction process in traditional programming environment is described and a conceptual idea of realizing it in the MapReduce-Hadoop is presented.


Most previous studies have generally overlooked the contribution of thermal stresses generated within the concrete mass when subjected to microwave heating and reported on pore-pressure as being the dominant cause of surface spalling. Also, the variation in electromagnetic properties of concrete and its effects on the microwave heating process have not been studied in detail. In this paper, finite element modeling is used to examine the simultaneous development of compressive thermal stresses and pore-pressure arising from the microwave heating of concrete. A modified Lambert`s Law formulation is proposed to estimate the microwave power dissipation in the concrete mass. Moreover, the effects of frequency and concrete water content on the concrete heating rate and pattern are investigated. Results show high compressive stresses being generated especially in concrete with a high water content when heated by microwaves of higher frequencies. The results also reveal that the water content of concrete plays a crucial role in the microwave heating process.


The cancer cell exhibits a cyclic change in its morphology, and the discussion of the cyclic change in cell morphology is very important in cytology, considering the relation between the cell growth and the distribution of the protein granules. At present, this kind of analysis is made by human observation through a microscope. This paper describes a method which recognizes the cyclic morphological changes of the cancer cell by image processing. First, various feature parameters of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are calculated by computerized image processing. In the extraction of the cell image from the original image, the binarization rather than ternarization is applied separately to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Based on the calculated feature parameters, three decision criteria are set based on the discriminant analysis to recognize the cell morphology. As a result of experiment, the recognition rate of 93.9 percent was achieved for the training data, indicating that the cell morphology can be recognized by a computer.


The SQWLi questionnaire was developed for the long-term measurement of subjectively perceived quality of working life. The aim of this study is to test the instrument's measurement invariance between 2009 and 2019 and determine whether – despite the modifications made to the instrument over the years – the results remain comparable. Data from eight representative surveys of the economically active population in the Czech Republic were analysed (total N = 6909) using the MG CFA method (configural, metric, and scalar invariance) and the alignment method (approximate measurement invariance). The findings from the MG CFA tests for measurement invariance indicate that the SQWLi instrument achieves configural and metric invariance over time but not full scalar invariance. Achieving a partial scalar invariance would be challenging because of the many high modification indices; therefore, an approximate measurement invariance approach, namely the Alignment Method, was applied. The results suggest that comparisons of latent means across all years can be made. Consequently, it is possible to make meaningful comparisons of overall indices of dimensions (batteries) and of more general domains. However, not all the individual items can be compared. The results confirm that the biggest risk of invariance is caused by conceptual changes to items and by substantial or frequent modifications to item wording. Conversely, the results also show that a conceptual change to an entire dimension may not necessarily cause any problem on the general level, and that a disruption of invariance caused by changes to the range of scales used can be rectified by means of their harmonisation ex post. keywords: SQWLi, subjective quality of working life, exact and approximate measurement invariance, alignment method Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2021, Vol . 57, No . 3: 343–375 https://doi .org/10 .13060/csr .2020 .048 * Acknowledgements: This work was supported by European Structural and Investments Funds, Operational Programme Research, Development and Education, project reg. no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001796. ** Direct all correspondence to: Jiří Vinopal, Institute of Sociology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 110 00 Prague 1, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Kristýna Pospíšilová, Institute of Sociology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 110 00 Prague 1, e-mail: kristyna. email@example.com. Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2021, Vol. 57, No. 3 344 The SQWLi questionnaire was developed for the long-term measurement of subjectively perceived quality of working life. It is to be used (primarily) to produce time series of various indices of working-life quality and its partial dimensions or domains. A critical part of the observation of any social phenomenon over time is equivalent method. This study seeks to examine whether measurement invariance and consequently also the comparability of data in a time series are adversely affected when changes are made to the instrument of measurement; and if so, how large an effect the various modifications have on measurement invariance. The analyses presented in this paper (1) provide information on the quality of the SQWLi instrument itself and how suitable its data are for creating time series and (2) on a more general level provide an idea of what effect any modifications to the research instrument may have on the quality of the time series. They will also show that invariance can be increased ex post by harmonising the measurement scales. Measuring the (subjective) quality of working life For decades now there have been efforts to observe working-life quality in various contexts and on different levels. At the country level, the quality of working life is one dimension that figures in political debates about the direction of the economy, the labour market and labour regulations, etc. In this area it is one of the macro indicators cited by various parties to policy negotiations, and in this function it must necessarily assume the fullest, most aggregate form possible. At the opposite end of the spectrum, working-life quality is addressed as an element in the employee policies of individual employers, where it figures as one aspect of employee care – for example, in efforts to minimise fluctuation, improve work performance, or maintain social harmony. In such cases it is not about describing or analysing large populations, but rather about closely analysing individual workers for targeted, practical effects. In between these macro and micro levels, there are various motives and methods behind efforts to survey the quality of working life or its alternative or related conceptualisations such as job satisfaction, job stress, working conditions, decent work, etc. [Hoppock 1935; Cranny et al. 1992; Danna and Griffin 1999; Sirgy et al. 2001; Ghai 2008; Judge et al. 2012]. From this perspective, the SQWLi is an instrument of the macro level, where measuring working-life quality has its own long tradition [e.g. Sirgy et al. 2001; Tangian 2005; Lowe 2007; Leschke et al. 2008; Fuchs 2009; Swamy et al. 2015] and is currently also being pursued through many different avenues. The biggest projects that deal directly with working-life quality or that serve as the most common source of data on the subject are the European Working Conditions Surveys (EWCS), European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), and the European Labour Force Survey (ELFS); but there is also, for example,


In this paper, we apply wavelets to consider local norm function spaces with the Lorentz index. Triebel–Lizorkin–Lorentz spaces are based on the real interpolation of the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces are based on local norm of the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. We give a unified depict of spaces that include these two kinds of spaces. Each index of the five index spaces represents a property of functions. We prove the wavelet characterization of the Triebel–Lizorkin–Lorentz–Morrey spaces and use such characterization to study some basic properties of these spaces.


The Schiff bases H2fsal-ea (I), H2fsal-pa (II) and H2fsal-amp (III), derived from 3-formylsalicylic acid and 2-aminoethanol, 3-aminopropanol and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, respectively, have been connected, by means of covalent bonds, to chloromethylated polystyrene cross-linked with 5 % divinylbenzene. On treatment with [VO(acac)2] in dimethylformamide (DMF), these polymer-anchored ligands PS-H2fsal-ea (IV), PS-H2fsal-pa (V) and PS-H2fsal-amp (VI) gave the oxidovanadium(IV) complexes, PS-[VO(fsal-ea)·DMF] (4), PS-[VO(fsal-pa)·DMF] (5) and PS-[VO(fsal-amp)·DMF] (6), respectively. The corresponding neat complexes [VO(fsal-ea)]2 (1), [VO(fsal-pa)]2 (2) and [VO(fsal-amp)]2 (3) have also been similarly prepared. These complexes all exhibit a medium intensity band between 964 and 993 cm–1 in their IR spectra resulting from the V=O stretch. The EPR spectra of the polymer-anchored complexes are characteristics of monomeric VIV centres with a simple S = electronic spin and with an axial pattern typical of square pyramidal geometry. Broad features for the neat complexes along with magnetic susceptibility studies suggest the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between two vanadium centres in close proximity. These catalysts have been tested for the oxidation of styrene and cumene and were found to be efficient. Styrene gives five reaction products namely styrene epoxide, benzaldehyde, 1-phenylethane-1,2-diol, benzoic acid and phenylacetaldehyde, whereas cumene gives acetophenone, 2-phenylpropanal, α-methyl styrene epoxide, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, 2-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone and α-methyl styrene. The polymer-anchored heterogeneous catalysts are recyclable. The catalytic activities of the neat complexes have also been examined and compared with the corresponding anchored analogues. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


This thesis deals with fundamental issues related to phonons in hot-carrier solar cells, a
third generation photovoltaic technology. This concept aims at extracting photogenerated
charge carriers before their reach a thermal equilibrium with the lattice, and exhibits a
theoretical efficiency close to thermodynamic limit. One of the main issue is to hinder
carrier cooling, which occurs through LO-phonon emission. In addition to the idea of
screening the electron-phonon interaction, one approach consists in designing an absorber
in which the LO-phonon has an intrinsic lifetime longer than what it is in conventional
materials, enhancing the rate of its reabsorption by the carriers. The LO-phonon decay
and lifetime is first investigated in semiconductors within density functional perturbation
theory. Specific criteria for relevant absorbing materials choosing, from a phonon point
of view, are derived. A full study of the LO-phonon lifetime is performed on a singular
material, and the possibility to achieve the sufficient phononic requierements is discussed.
Secondly, the above-mentioned electron-phonon interaction is modelled in superlattices.
The coupling strength is related to the LO-phonon induced macroscopic electric field,
which allows to study the directional dependence of the phonon emission. The latter
reveals to differently affect the dimensionality of the electronic and phononic interacting
populations. This study calls for development of these structure in the framewok of hot-carrier
solar cells.


The present invention discloses compounds having the structure of Formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. Further, the present invention further processes for the manufacture of said compounds, discloses use as a pharmaceutical composition and hypoglycemic agents for the production. .BACKGROUND


Sea transportation system in this era of globalization has developed significantly. Ship as a sea transportation facility has an important role in transportation system. Therefore, in order to conduct safety navigation at sea, the necessity of good skill, expertise, and professionalism are extremely demanded. From the first observation, it shown that there was problem appeared in the process of improving the services of the shipping agency. This study aimed to know the quality of public services of PT. Samudera Perdana. Besides, it also tend to know the quality services (problems, responsiveness, courtesy, empathy, and physical evidence) have effect toward customer satisfaction. This is a qualitative study. The respondent of this study was taken from staff and checked were conducted to some customers of PT. Samudera Selaras Perdana. On the other hand, the data collection techniques of this study were through observation, interview and documentation. For the data analysis technique, the writer used a data reduction, display data, then conclusion. From the result of this study it can be concluded that by using 5 dimension of customer service quality which is proposed by Zeithaml, that the quality of customer service in PT. Samudera Perdana Selaras has indicated as a good service, however, there were some aspects needed to be improved in order to increase the quality service and also to extend and provided parking area for customer. Article visualizations:


Main purpose of the present paper is to study formal deductions described along the line of my former work [1]. In the present paper, I restrict myself to the primitive logic. To extend this method to other logics such as the lower classical predicate logic or the intuitionistic predicaste logic, my way of practical discription has to undergo a certain extent of modification.


The quantum corrections to the Hall conductivity, σ x y , are evaluated in the presence of strong spin-orbit scattering and the result indicates that the mobility, not the effective carrier number, contains the logarithmic correction as in the case without spin-orbit scattering.


Objective: To highlight opportunities for enhancing mental health services in primary care through utilisation of e-health systems. Specifically, an information-based website (provided by 'beyondblue: the national depression initiative') and a web-based support system for general practitioners (provided by 'SPHERE: a national depression project') are described. Conclusions: Recommendations regarding potential roles for e-health systems in association with Australian primary care are outlined.


Background: Nephrogenic adenoma is an uncommon, benign metaplastic lesion occurring in the urothelium, usually as a response to chronic irritation or trauma. It is rarely encountered in hemodialysis patients. Endoscopically, these lesions can easily be mistaken for malignant tumors.


A FEW WEEKS AGO, while passing through West Berlin, I had an opportunity to visit a new historical exhibition sponsored by the Federal Government and housed in the restored Reichstag building. The occasion for this show is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the German Empire of 1871, but this is a circumstance that seems to be a source of embarrassment both to the sponsors and to the historians who have brought the materials and exhibits together. In his preface to the thick catalog that one can buy outside the hall Professor Lothar Gall writes:


Since Pasteur, in I859, ascribed the cause of ammoniacal urinary disorders to bacteria, and Traube, in I864, supported this opinion by clinical observation, many kinds of bacteria have been isolated as the cause of cystitis, and it has become undoubted that the active or exciting cause of cystitis is in most cases the presence of bacteria with the exception of a few cases of cystitis which are caused by chemical substances or animal parasites. With regard to the colon bacillus as the cause of cystitis, there were many discussions. In I890, Rovsing published the opinion that the cause of cystitis is principally the bacterium which is able to decompose urea. Against this, Guyon, in I892, asserted that the most common cause of cystitis is Bacillus coli communis, and the decomposition of urea acts only a secondary part in the cause of cystitis. This opinion was supported by a large number of the investigators (Huter, Barlow, Schmidt and Aschoff, Wreden, Reymond, Escherich, Pressman, Savor, Posner and Lewin, Finkelstein, Trumpp, Melchior, etc.). Above all, Melchior stood on the completely opposed point of view to Rovsing in his work published in I897. But Rovsing asserted in his new work of I898 that the cause of cystitis is principally the bacteria which can decompose urea and that Bacillus coli is not the cause of cystitis, but the commonest cause of bacteriuria and pyelitis. Since then, the authors who have investigated the problem in this connection or have reported cases of the cystitis caused by Bacillus coli are many (Yanago, Faltin, Douglas, Brown,


Sections: social and political leaders and individuals units and organizations weapons and equipment strategy, tactics, and operational techniques campaigns, operations and battles.


In paper rapid learning algorithm for evolving fuzzy-probabilistic neural-network (EFPNN) in which architecture and characteristics of activation functions are configured is proposed. The proposed approach is based on methods of lazy learning, the concept "Neurons in data points", selflearning based on "Winner takes all", classic supervised learning and evolving systems, allowing to change the network architecture simultaneously with its parameter tuning. The peculiarity of EFPNN is ability of classification task solving in case of fuzziness - overlapping classes. In doing so, in classification process probability of membership of every image to particular class and fuzzy membership levels of this data are estimated. Proposed EFPNN is designed to solve fuzzy classification tasks in general problem of Data Stream Mining.


Coexistence of humans and robots requires a harmless, efficient and smooth interaction. Numerous efforts have been done to produce human-safe robot behaviors but comparing them (e.g., which one is safer or more efficient) remains a challenge. This is because they have parametric and approach differences when tackling the human safety problems. In this paper, we propose a method to compare human-safe robot behaviors by following three comparison criteria: safety, efficiency, and comfort. We perform simulation experiments making a human and a humanoid robot interact in a shared workspace to compare three human-safe robot behaviors as proof-of-concept. The results summarized in a radar graph show the trade-off between human safety, robot's efficiency and the comfort of the interaction.


This paper reports data from a group of 'green consumers'. Use of the ordered probit model suggests that green consumers are not dissimilar from the general population; wealthy younger males, who have young children and who eat out frequently, are more likely to waste food. Older females who worry about the cost of food waste and who know the difference between "use by" and "best before" dates are less likely to waste food. Hence, effective communications and waste intervention strategies need to focus on the "worst" offenders in terms of food waste. The survey showed that a wide variety of measures to reduce food waste were acceptable to the respondents, including the development of renewable energy, funding of infrastructure to support centralised composting and price incentives for home composting. Education and marketing campaigns promoting second-grade produce was also acceptable to respondents. The main contribution of this study is to provide practical information for local government on the acceptability of policy measures to reduce food waste.


Considering the nonlinear model between a realistic missile and an aircraft in three-dimensions, one minimun energy guidance law is obtained. By employing the linearizing method, an efficient and robust guidance law for intercepting randomly maneuvering evader is derived. A new approach to pursuit-evasion problem in two-dimensions and three-dimensions is provided, which can deal with the randomly maneuvering evader in time. Numerical simulations denote that the system designed by this method can cut down the miss distance remarkably.


In the context of the large-scale application of energy storage, the PCS and BMS systems of the battery energy storage system need to be connected to the communication network, the communication interaction efficiency is low, and the process is complicated. In order to solve this problem, this paper researches the information exchange mechanism of grid connection to the common problems existing in the information flow level of battery storage power stations connected to the regional power grid. Through the analysis of the function of the battery storage power station, the self-discovery technology and the interoperability technology of the information interface device are mainly studied to solve the technical problem of the plug-and-play information level of the battery storage power station. As a result, the battery storage power station can directly jump from restricted access to orderly access, and the adaptability of battery storage power stations in different application scenarios can be improved.


This paper aims to understand the inclusion of photographs in the novel Nadja (1928), by Andre Breton. Although the author states that they would be used to eliminate excess description, one realizes that perform other functions. They may represent a portal between the real world and the surreal present in the novel, forming a parallel between the word and the image. Thus, through an intertextual game they would be the link that refers the reader to the reality, but also induces observe the world from a more unusual point of view, more unusual than the purely documentary photographs.


Tiny inhaled particles such as those emitted by diesel engines can find their way from the lungs into the bloodstream, a novel experimental approach has shown.1

Using nanoparticles made of gold, scientists from Scotland and the Netherlands traced the particles' movement within the body after they were inhaled by volunteers. The particles can be detected in the blood within 15 minutes and in urine within 24 hours, and they were still detectable in some volunteers three months later.

Gold was used because it is impossible to detect actual diesel particulates, which are five to 10 times smaller than a human hair and consist of carbon. In a separate experiment, 12 volunteers who were about to undergo an operation …


This work presents results of a study of the alumina‐niobium oxide composite (Al2O3)‐(Nb2O5) dielectric properties in the radio frequency and microwave range. The characterization study was performed in a matrix of alumina by varying the amount of niobium oxide (2.5%–10% by weight. amount). The samples were sintherized at the temperature of 1350°C. The dielectric properties in the RF range were studied by impedance spectroscopy. The Hakki–Coleman method was adopted for measuring microwave properties. Besides a computer simulation was performed in order to characterize the material as a dielectric resonator antenna. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1473–1479, 2016


The need to reduce nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses as well as the (direct and indirect) use of fossil energy on intensive dairy farms in Europe to ecologically acceptable levels requires radical changes of the management of these farms. The objective of the project, (started in 1993) was to develop sustainable dairy farming systems with minimum inputs and losses of nitrogen phosphorus and energy


This paper is based on a research carried out for evaluation of addict rehabilitation centers in Iran. The research has been conducted by application of survey method, questionnaire technique and interview with help seekers (addicts) in Qarchak Varamin Rehabilitation and De-addicion Center in southeastern of Tehran. This study has been carried out in two stages of pre-treatment and rehabilitation and comparison of addicts between these two stages aimed at resting of six hypotheses in a meaningful relationship with the scale of depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, social alienation, political alienation and tendency towards collective work during above mentioned stages among addicts. Results of the study show that despite considerable efforts by the officials of the Rehabilitation Center to achieve the objectives of the Center in detoxification of addicts, the applied methods during pre-treatment stage have not been very effective in preparing the necessary ground for acceptance of program in the next stage (rehabilitation). Meanwhile, lack of continuous contact between the help seekers and the center during the second stage (rehabilitation) and after discharging, has reduced the extent of relative success during the rehabilitation period


There is multi-correlation among the factors which impact the city water resources capacity.The traditional least square method can distort and destabilize the multivariate regression model.The partial least-square regression(PLS) is applied to build the city water resources capacity model based on the main component analysis and typical correlation analysis.Through distilling component,the model is suggested to solve the interactive correlation among the independent variables.The author has analyzed the PLS1 model,the result is satisfactory.


This study demonstrates UV‐sensing semitransparent organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with wide bandgap small molecular channel and polymeric gate‐insulating layers. N,N′‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4,4′‐diamine (NPB) is employed as the wide bandgap channel layer, while poly(methyl methacrylate) is introduced as the wide bandgap gate‐insulating layer. The performance of OFETs is optimized by NPB thickness control and thermal treatment. Results show that the best device performance (on/off ratio = 4.7 × 106 and hole mobility = 4.2 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1) is achieved by thermal treatment of the 130 nm thick NPB layers at 70 °C for 30 min leading to a noticeably changed surface morphology in the NPB layers. The optimized OFETs exhibit excellent operation stability without hysteresis, while those with semitransparent silver electrodes deliver quite a good transparency. The semitransparent OFETs can sensitively detect a UV light with high stability even though no photoresponse is measured under a visible light.


The foreign exchange market is the largest and most liquid in the world and according to the Bank for International Settlements foreign exchange trading averages over five trillion dollars a day. The foreign exchange market is largely made up of institutional investors, corporations, governments, banks, as well as currency speculators. With the large size of the foreign exchange market one can see how an increase in uncertainty surrounding a specific exchange rate could have a huge effect on a nations overall economic function. The goal of this paper will be to measure the economic effects of volatility in the exchange rates in BRICS nations on international trade flows. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol26/iss1/12


Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Na3(H2O)6,5(EtOH)][PhSnS3] · 3 EtOH

Ph4Sn4S6 reacts with Na2S · 5 H2O in aqueous acetone to form Na3[PhSnS3]. Recrystallization of the crude product from ethanol leads to colourless needles of [Na3(H2O)6,5(EtOH)][PhSnS3] · 3 EtOH 1. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction. 1 consists of [PhSnS3]3– anions and sodium cations which are coordinated by water, ethanol and sulfur atoms of the [PhSnS3]3– anions. The [PhSnS3]3– anion contains a tin atom which is coordinated nearly tetrahedrally by a phenyl group and three sulfur atoms. The Sn–S bonds are 237,4(2)–238,4(2) pm.


A BaSrTiO3-BCB composite was developed for spin-coating to integrate capacitors into multilayer wiring for Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) and System in Package (SiP). The size of nanoscale barium strontium titanate crystallite size was measured as 24 nm. The matrix for the composite was BCB with 63 wt.-% solids dissolved in mesitylene. Various dispersants were tested to find the best surfactant for the stabilization of BaSrTiO3 in mesitylene, which is compatible with BCB. The optimum dispersant was used for preparation of suspensions with a solid loading of 20 – 35 wt.-% BaSrTiO3 dispersed in mesitylene using 5.0 – 10 wt.-% dispersant. The resulting average layer thickness of the cured composite is in the range of 1.7 µm. These films can be easily integrated into existing thin film multilayer built-up wiring structures. The relative dielectric constant εr of the investigated BaSrTiO3-BCB composite is 31. The breakdown voltage of the exceeds 170 V for 1.7 µm thickness which equals a dielectric strength of 1.0 MV/cm. High reliability was proven for humidity storage (85°C and 85% rel. humidity, 2000 hrs) and thermal cycling from (AATC from −55°C to +125°C, 2000 cycles).


Learning mathematics equips students with the necessary competencies, and mathematical communication abilities allow them to discuss and exchange mathematical ideas with others. Correspondingly, research is needed into ways to help students develop these skills. These data were collected from 87 students in grade 10 at An Nhon Tay High School in the Cu Chi neighborhood of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. These students took part in a quasi-experimental study whose goal was to determine how a four-step learning model that included activities using the ACODESA method and mind maps affected the student's ability to communicate mathematically. In the experimental group, students were taught using the learning mentioned above model, while those in the control group received traditional instruction. To determine the efficacy of this teaching strategy, a quasi-experiment that included a pre-test, a treatment, and a post-test was designed and carried out. The student's development in mathematical and linguistic activities was evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data that was gathered. Data gathered may shed light on how effective the learning model is in helping high school students enhance their mathematical communication skills. Also, the pre-test and post-test items from the supplementary data files can be a starting point for creating new learning tasks to evaluate students' mathematical communication abilities.


Objective To observe the morphologic characteristics of SLE patients' bone marrow and peripheral blood smears.Method A total of 43cases of SLE patients' bone marrow and peripheral blood smears were observed,at the same time a deep clinical investigation on the patients was conducted.Results The major clinical sign of SLE patients was anemia,accounting for 86%.About 53.48%of SLE patients had a fever to some extent.Moreover,there were69.76%and65.11%of patients presented arthralgia and erythema on the face respectively.Some patients companied with symptoms such as:ulceration in the mouth,losing hair,necrotic tip of fingers and toes,swelling of liver,spleen and lymph nodes.All SLE patients' WBC,HB and PLT almost decrease at different de-grees except one is normal.What's more,the marrow proliferative activities were different among SLE patients.In some patients' bone marrow smears,some plasts,progranulocytes and eosinophilia were saw,In others',there were morbid hemopoiesis,off balance of nucleus-plasma development and blocking of granulocytopoiesis.About 80%of SLE patients erythrocytic series proliferate were good state but some patients had iron deficiency anemia,hemolytic anemia or compounding anemia yet.Further,65.11%of SLE patients' megalocytes developed normally except few develop depressed.Conclusion The results showed that the clinical symptoms were differ-ent among SLE patients and the most primary clinical signs were anemia,platelet decrease and so on.And there was an increase of plast and progranulocyte in some SLE patients' bone marrow,so primary hematologic diseases with this kind of ″hematologic disease correlating to SLE″should be distinguished.


Results from a national longitudinal survey of more than 1700 teens (age range, 12–17) showed that exposure to sexual content on television is


The distributed scheduling problem has been considered as the allocation of a task to various machines in such a way that these machines are situated in different factories and these factories are geographically distributed. Therefore distributed scheduling has fulfilled various objectives, such as allocation of task to the factories and machines in such a manner that it can utilise the maximum resources. The objective of this paper is to minimise the makespan in each factory by considering the transportation time between the factories. In this paper, to address such a problem of scheduling in distributed manufacturing environment, a novel algorithm has been developed. The proposed algorithm gleans the ideas both from Tabu search and sample sort simulated annealing. A new algorithm known as hybrid Tabu sample-sort simulated annealing (HTSSA) has been developed and it has been tested on the numerical example. To reveal the supremacy of the proposed algorithm over simple SSA and Tabu search, more computational experiments have also been performed on 10 randomly generated datasets.


The stimulated emissions from semipolar InGaN laser diode (LD) structures grown on (112¯2) GaN substrates are observed at room temperature under photopumped conditions. The measured emission peaks are in the photon energy range from 2.62eV (474nm)to3.05eV (405nm), and the emission intensity has a threshold behavior with respect to the pumping power. A strong in-plane optical anisotropy is observed between the two perpendicular directions, [1¯1¯23] and [11¯00], due to anisotropic matrix elements, which depend on the crystal orientation; the stimulated emission measured along the [1¯1¯23] direction occurs with a lower threshold pumping power at a lower energy compared to that obtained along the [11¯00] direction. The experimental results and the valence band calculations indicate that the transverse-electric mode with an electric vector along the [11¯00] direction is dominant for gain formation in semipolar and nonpolar InGaN LDs. Compared to c-plane InGaN LDs, semipolar InGaN LDs have comparable or less th...


This paper discusses the dominance of the American dollar, its benefit and cost and its influence on Chinese economy. It argues that the dominance of the American dollar is an expression of economic globalization. In such a context, China′s opening policies will inevitably help to increase the dominance of the American dollar. The effect of such dominance plays a positive role in China′s economic reforms and the development of its financial market in particular.


Abstract Activity budgets, use of space and social interactions of adult Richardson's ground squirrels,Spermophilus richardsonii, during the annual mating season were documented in relation to daily operational sex ratio (OSR) for males and in relation to reproductive status for females. For males, mating was a stressful period characterized by weight loss and injury. Male–male conflict was highest when receptive females were most abundant and OSR was least male-biased. Neighbouring males seemed to jockey for position on a daily basis to increase their proximity to those females in oestrus that day. Males spent more time monitoring conspecifics and less time feeding during the mating period than at other times, especially in the late afternoon of the few days on which most females copulated, often with several males. Between emergence from hibernation and emergence of the litter 8 weeks later, the activity budget of females changed little except for the day of oestrus, when females fed less and spent time hiding. Some oestrous females spent more than 20% of their time above-ground hiding, and some precipitated aggression between males by using a hide-then-run behavioural pattern to move outside their usual area of residence. Females in oestrus temporarily expanded their home range, and they had some ability to determine the identity and sequence of their mating partners.


The side eff ects of anticancer therapies impact over the quality of life of cancer patients. Among these side eff ects, the oral complications interfere directly in the therapeutic approach to cancer treatment. Oral mucositis stands as the eff ect of utmost importance and often found in these patients. Despite the frequent studies and research related to this complication, the treatment relies only to control symptoms, being a palliative care in order to avoid the suspension of the anticancer treatment. This literature review aims to inform about the relevance of the dentist in treating these complications, in addition to oral health maintenance prior to medical treatment.


I t has been nine years since the last time I stood here. Probably none of you students have seen me here before, but the older members of the faculty can tell you that I appeared 22 times in succession between 1947 and 1968. On most of those occasions I did not have to give the principal address. I did that only when we were unsuccessful in finding someone else who would come. That may the reason I am here today. In any case, I thought that if I were a graduating student at Caltech, I would like to hear from an oldtimer-especially a very old timer-something about what the world of science and technology has been and is all about. What have been its successes and its failures? What are its prospects and its problems? Let's start out by asking the question, What is the status of science today? What is the status of your own field of science-physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, geology, astronomy, or whatever; and what is the status of any of the many fields of applied science and engineering? Now the vague term "status" can mean many things. It can mean how a given field is progressing. Is it continually turning up exciting new discoveries or important new applications? Or is it at a plateau where new things appear ever harder to come by? Status can also mean the relative place that a particular scientific or technological endeavor has in the hierarchy of science as a whole. Is too little or too much attention being given to applied science in comparison with basic science? Are the various fields of basic or applied science being supported in proper relation to each other? Are we underor overemphasizing those areas which are of current social importance-such as energy, the environment, prevention and cure of disease? Status can also mean the social importance of science. Does it have a high or low priority among the many other fields of human endeavor? Is it adequately supported by society, and do active scientists and engineers have a respected place in the community? Please notice that I am asking these questions-not giving or implying any answers. I don't even know the answers! As one gets older, one seems to be less positive about answers to tough questions. All of us have probably given too many wrong answers in the past. Also, we know that answers acceptable today may be obsolete tomorrow. And answers acceptable to me may appear quite wrong to you. However, these are questions that you should ponder. One problem in answering questions about the present or future of science is that it is not a predictable or programmable enterprise. It is, rather, an exploration of the unknown. And by definition, the unknown is the unpredictable. You are all familiar with the unpredictable results that have emerged from research in basic science, such as the discovery of the electron, of X rays, radioactivity, nuclear reactions, relativity, the quantum theory, the elucidation of the structure of organic compounds, the nature of genetic material, the expanding universe, the motion of tectonic plates, and all the rest. How would you have placed your bets on which area or sub-area of science would be the most productive in, say, 19 10 -1 960-or 1977? My advice is : Don't put your money too heavily on any assumption of just how or when the next mysteries of nature will be discovered, or how they may be used. Even many fields of applied science are not predictable. When I was called to MIT in 1940 to explore the possible military applications of microwave radar, our ambitions were very modest. We were told of one or two simple devices that it seemed practical to develop-and this might take the efforts of 30 or 40 physicists for three to six months. Five years later, 4,000 of us were at work, and over two billion dollars' worth of microwave equipment had been ordered by the military services for use in every theater of war. A whole new era in the application of radio and electronic technology had been introduced. We never dreamed that some day a highway patrol officer equipped with a tiny radar set would arrest you for speeding, nor that radar measurements would some day tell us about the surface structure of Mars and Venus and allow us to track a


We develop a (2+1)D unidirectional pulse propagation equation, for describing broadband noncollinear parametric interactions in two-dimensional quadratic lattices. We analyze experiments of twin-beam OPG in hexagonally poled Lithium Tantalate.


Objective Owing to its variable clinical course, risk stratification is of paramount importance in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The goal of this study was to investigate the long-term prognostic significance of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) as detected by contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) in patients with DCM. Design Observational cohort study. Setting University hospital. Patients 184 consecutive patients with DCM. Measurements CE-CMR was performed on a 1.5 T clinical scanner. Presence, extent and patterns of LGE were determined by two independent observers. Outcome measures Patients were followed for the composite end point of cardiac death, hospitalisation for decompensated heart failure, or appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge for a mean±SEM of 685±30 days. Results LGE was detected in 72/184 patients (39%) and was associated with a lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (31% (20.9–42.2%) vs 44% (33.1–50.9%), p<0.001), higher LV end-diastolic volume index (133 (116–161) ml/m2 vs 109 (92.7–137.6) ml/m2, p<0.001) and higher LV mass (80 (67.1–94.8) g/m2 vs 65.8 (55.2–82.9) g/m2, p<0.001). Patients in whom LGE was present were more likely to experience the composite end point (15/72 vs 6/112, p=0.002). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a LGE of >4.4% of LV mass as optimal discriminator for the composite end point. When entered into multivariate Cox regression analysis, LGE retained its independent predictive value, yielding an associated HR of 3.4 (95% CI 1.26 to 9). Conclusion The presence of LGE in this large DCM patient cohort is associated with pronounced LV remodelling, functional impairment and an adverse outcome. Further research is necessary to determine whether these findings will aid the clinical management of DCM patients.


We investigate thin insulating CaF2 films on a Si (111) surface using a combination of noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Atomic-scale NC-AFM and KPFM images are obtained in different imaging modes by employing two different tip polarities. The KPFM image contrast and the distance-dependent variation of the local contact potential difference (LCPD) give rise to a tip-polarity-dependent contrast inversion. Ca2+ cations had a higher LCPD contrast than F− anions for a positively terminated tip, while the LCPD provided by a negatively charged tip gave a higher contrast for F− anions. Thus, this result implies that it is essential to determine the tip apex polarity to correctly interpret LCPD signals acquired by KPFM.


Trading Platform with Binary Obsi or choosing one of the two is a platform that is considered by OJK to be more similar to numbers, where this refers to Law number 10 of 2011 concerning amendments to Law 32 of 1997 in this law there is an article that can ensure that the practice of Binary Options is not in accordance with what is regulated by the law, but binary options trading can circulate rapidly because the owners of the binary options platform use the services of influencers to spread the platform. which results in trading in the form of Binary Options, the legality of which cannot be ascertained in Indonesia. This raises new legal problems in the form of activities recommending platforms that do not have legality in Indonesia and are prohibited by the OJK, this is binding on those who carry out recommendation activities or are often referred to as stock pompoms. Stock pompom activities are rampantly carried out by public figures who are known to the public who do not pay attention to the legality of Binary Options trading, as for several parties who collaborate with application owners and take advantage of the failures of Binary Option players. The approach method used is a normative legal research method, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. The approach used is the invitation approach, the approach and the conceptual approach. This journal finds several issues that need the government's attention, such as the need for special laws governing binary options applications in the gambling or fraud category, special rules regarding influencers who get commissions called affiliates, as well as strict rules for influencers to make recommendations, also educating the public so that they are not easily influenced by what activities are found on social media


The present article seeks to identify instrument teaching trends, characteristics and transformations in doubleabass methods for beginners, and how they affect our conception of the lesson. I will use as reference for the material analysis, the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011) and the classifications used by Soares da Silva (2016) and Silva (2016). The analysis indicated three main trends: the concern with student motivation, music development and the possibility of teaching in the group class format.


The Development Problems Analysis of Islamic Banking in Indonesia: Application Analytic Network Process Method This study would try to address the problems that faced by Islamic banking institutions in Indonesia. The results showed that the problems that arise in the development of Islamic banks in Indonesia consists of four important aspects, namely: human, technical, legal/structural aspect, and market/communal aspect. Decomposition of problem as a whole gains the priorities: 1) There is not enough of Islamic banks capital yet; 2) Lack of understanding of Islamic bank practitioners; 3) Lack of government support; 4) the trust and public interest to Islamic banks tend to be low.While the priority of policy strategies that are considered able to resolve the problems of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia consists of: 1) strengthen the capital and business scale and improve the efficiency level; 2) improve the quantity and quality of human resources, and also information systems and technologies; Furthermore, 3) improve the structure of Islamic bank funds and harmonization of regulation and supervision. DOI: 10.15408/ess.v6i2.3573


433 Background: Although incidence rates for colorectal cancer (CRC) for Hispanics are similar to non-Hispanic whites (NHW) in New Mexico, the cause-specific mortality is higher among the Hispanic population. Hispanics have also been shown to be less likely to be current with colorectal cancer screening guidelines as compared to NHW. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference between Hispanics and NHW in stage at presentation and if the care provided was concordant with NCCN guidelines at our NCI designated cancer center. Methods: A prospective data base of all patients who presented with colorectal cancer between June 2009 and July 2013 was queried. A total of 197 patients were identified. Data was extracted that included: demographics, stage of CRC at first diagnosis, treatments given, and pathology results. Frequencies of stage at presentation and NCCN guideline concordance (meeting the 12 lymph node metric, receipt of adjuvant therapy for stage III disease and radiation thera...


Herein, an efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of 4-(substitutedphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-6-(2-oxo-2H-benzo[g]chromen-3-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives have been reported using ammonium acetate as catalyst. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H, 13C-NMR and LC-MS spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for antibacterial activity against bacterial strains by agar diffusion method at different concentrations. Further, all the targeted compounds were screened for anti-oxidant and anti-cancer studies by DPPH and MTT assay methods at different concentrations. Compound 4b displayed good antioxidant and anticancer (against MCF-7 cell line) activity. Further, the binding capability for the synthesized compounds (4a–j) was analyzed by molecular docking studies using human peroxiredoxin 5 (PDB ID: 1HD2) and P38 MAP kinase (PDB ID: 1OUK) protein. Further, the physicochemical properties were analysed from ADME studies respectively.


This study deals with 8-cheok(ch`), equivalent to 2.4m as the standard scale of architectural module in Korea. 8ch` of Korean module was a unique dimensions compared to other East-Asian architecture. It is inferred that it spread in Joseon Dynasty by the effects of the law which limited the size of buildings and materials according to social rank. 8ch` module was applied to the Palace architecture and the highest grade mansions rather than common and small houses. The application of 8ch` module changed the process of architectural planning, and bred the essential characteristics of Korean architecture in terms of appearance and techniques. In addition, it developed to gain multiformity of composition by combination of other modules.


The way that carbon accounting is done greatly influences the value attributed to maintaining tropical forests. Accounting choices will be determining factors in the role that Brazil's Amazon forest plays in global mitigation efforts and in the role that funds from mitigation will play in redirecting the course of history in Amazonia. Critical decisions include the form of accounting (stocks versus flows) that are applicable under different circumstances, baselines for establishing additionality, and the restrictions and adjustments (including discounting to attribute value to time) applied to reflect differences in permanence, leakage and uncertainty. None of these problems is insurmountable, but addressing them will require both academic effort and the political courage of decision-makers to act on available information.


The West-Siberian Sedimentary Basin was filled during Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Polychronous compressive and extensional deformations and strike-slip faulting occurred at the time of sedimentary basin formation. Late Variscan (Late Permian-Early Triassic) strike-slips in the basement took place as a result of N-S compression of the Central Asian Fold Belt. Strike-slips form wide and continuous shear zones which coincide with large oil and gas fields in the cover. Some strike-slips controlled distribution and formation of Permian and Triassic-Jurassic compressional and extensional local structures in the lower stage of the cover and anticlines in the upper stage of the cover. All these structures reveal potential oil and gas resources. In the Triassic, some of the N-S and SW-NE trending strike-slip faults in the axial part of the West Siberian Sedimentary Basin were transformed into graben-rift structures of the Koltogorsk-Urengoy Rift Belt. These transtension structures occurred as a result of N-S compression and reactivation of the Late Variscan faults. The largest oil and gas fields have been formed in the cover above the Koltogorsk-Urengoy Rift Belt of the West Siberian Sedimentary Basin.