negotiate their own self-conceptions centering racial or ethnic identity, particularly when we have the data showing that majority of commissioning parents seek Indian egg donors. This is not to say that Deomampo does not bring to our attention that surrogates and egg donors struggle and find ways to attain value and recognition for the labor they produce, in spite of being exposed to demeaning racialization by upper-class medical doctors, and stigmatization of extended community and family members who generally disapprove of such work. But given the fact that racial imaginary is a dominant framework, we don't get to know much about how surrogacy experiences stretch the women's own self-conceptions of belonging to a certain class and caste group. Nevertheless, Deomampo does a brilliant job of giving a comprehensive account of the way racial reproductive imaginaries marginalize the experiences of women who do the labor in the global surrogacy markets. This is both a theoretically engaged and ethnographically rich book that brings much needed focus on the human and social institutions that underlie the surrogacy markets. One of the lasting impacts of the book will be for us to see that colonial and contemporary legacies of racial distinctions end up dwarfing and diminishing the transformative potentials of reimagining group affiliations and identities that assisted reproductive technology has granted to us.


The paradigm of test-based accountability has been a dominant force for decades, yet some argue that we have recently witnessed a dramatic change in the key beliefs influencing educational policy. To understand the extent of this transformation, we investigated the policy narrative supporting the adoption of a multiple measure accountability system in California's CORE Districts. Our data revealed a narrative integrating key beliefs about knowledge, accountability, and social-emotional learning. This narrative continues the major themes of the previous accountability paradigm, but with two notable differences regarding the use of measurement data and role of social-emotional learning.


Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray is known to contain sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. A new sesquiterpine lactone 8-(2-methylbutanoyl)-3, 10 Epoxy-3, 8-dihydroxyl-4, 11 (13)- germacradien-12, 6-olide was isolated from the aerial part of the plant. The structure was established by spectroscopic methods. Key words: Tithonia diversifolia, Asteraceae, sesquiterpine lactone, 8-(2-methylbutanoyl)-3, 10 Epoxy-3, 8-dihydroxyl-4, 11 (13)- germacradien-12, 6-olide, Malaria Nig. J. Nat. Prod. and Med. Vol.8 2004: 74-76


Tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is an ancient small grain crop being advocated globally as a health food for people with gluten intolerance and is a major staple food in Ethiopia. Yet, tef has low national average yield level of 1.38 t ha -1 . Up-to-date information on the production potential, constraints and farmers-preferred traits of the crop under marginal and moisture stressed environments is scanty. This study was, therefore, carried out in order to assess the current production and productivity status, and farmers' trait and variety preferences of tef in moisture stressed growing areas in order to devise optional breeding strategies. A two-stage sampling was followed to select a total of 240 farmers from four districts within three administrative Zones of the Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. Primary data was collected through individual structured interview and secondary data was collected from the Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD). High grain yield, increased panicle length and straw yield were the most important farmer-preferred traits. At Alamata district, early maturity was the third preferred trait while straw yield ranked fourth. Moisture stress (60.4%), weeds (61.2%), shoot fly (58.2%), lodging (53.3%) and seed shattering (60.8%) were rated as severe tef production constraints in the study areas. Farmers estimated that moisture stress caused yield loss of 37%, 49%, 48% and 60%, in the Laelay-Maichew, Medebay-Zana, Ahferom and Alamata, districts, respectively. This study prioritized production constraints and farmers'-preferred traits useful in the breeding of tef to enhance its productivity under drought-prone environments in northern Ethiopia.


Clustering and transmission range adjustment are major approaches to energy saving in wireless sensor networks. Connected dominating set (CDS) as a special clustering structure is widely used as a virtual backbone in a wireless sensor network. In clustered wireless sensor networks, traffic load has a great impact on the energy saving effect of a clustering algorithm. This paper presents RDSP-CDS, a traffic-adaptive clustering and transmission range adjustment algorithm. RDSP-CDS a distributed clustering algorithm that utilizes our energy analysis model [1]. In RDSP-CDS, each node chooses the optimal transmission range based on its local knowledge about the traffic load to achieve network-wide energy saving goals. RDSP-CDS is suitable for heterogeneous dynamic-topology networks.


Background: Repair operation for recurrent inguinal hernia is a more exigent than the primary inguinal hernia. Open hernia repair associated with lower recurrence and fewer complications while the Laparoscopic repair associated with less pain postoperatively, early recovery time with subsequent earlier return to activity and better results regarding the wound.Methods: From November 2015 to March 2019, a total of 86 patients were randomized. 42 patients were recruited to total extra-peritoneal repair (TEP) group and 44 patients for Lichtenstein group. Overall, 86 were operated in general surgery department, Menoufia University hospitals.Results: The mean age of patients was 41.3±14.4, range from (25-55 years). One conversion occurred in the TEP group to Lichtenstein. Operative time was significantly low in TEP group (82.7 min) compared to Lichtenstein group (108 min). Hospital stay was significantly less in TEP group (1 day) compared to Lichtenstein group (1.8 days). Patients undergoing Lichtenstein repair have significant earlier oral intake than TEP group (3.7 vs. 6.6 hours). 12 cases developed seroma in Lichtenstein group with significant p value (0.001). This study showed less immediate and early VAS score in TEP group (2.3) versus high VAS score in Lichtenstein group (5.9) with highly significant p value (0.0001).Conclusions: TEP offer excellent results than LR for treatment of unilateral or bilateral recurrent inguinal hernia with lower morbidity and less incidence of post-operative pain with subsequent earlier return to normal activities.


Introduction In more than 30 years modelling and simulation has been changed from an experimental, academic instrument to a frequently used tool in DSS. In the first decades of this period, quality assurance was treated merely in a theoretical way without direct support for modellers and other stakeholders. In the last couple of years, several national initiatives intended to improve the quality of modelling and simulation in general (Scholten and Udink ten Cate 1999), but especially for Model Based DSS (MBDSS) in water management (Scholten et al. 2000, Van Waveren et al. 2000). The use of models in water management is widely spread and models are imperative standard tools in this area. Models in water management belong to the Modelling & Simulation paradigm. These models couple nowadays a high spatial and process complexity to a predefined accuracy, which requires a sound model calibration by means of automatic parameter optimisation. Three of these national projects wil l act as knowledge source for a European project HarmoniQuA (=Harmonising Quality Assurance in model based catchment and river basin management), funded by the European Commission. First these three national projects will be discussed here briefly and the remainder of this paper will sketch the outlines of HarmoniQuA.


Therapeutic immunotherapeutic compositions and methods of treatment of cancer characterized by the presence in or well-differentiated cancer cells. Exemplary immunotherapeutic composition, prostatic acid phosphatase / granulocyte - are activated by a protein conjugate as a fusion protein comprising a macrophage colony stimulating factor fusion protein, utilizing the antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells . Method of assessing sensitivity of a cancer cell to treatment system utilizing one or more immunotherapeutic compositions are also disclosed.


The microlensing effect has developed into a powerful technique for a diverse range of applications including exoplanet discoveries, structure of the Milky Way, constraints on MAssive Compact Halo Objects, and measurements of the size and profile of quasar accretion disks. In this paper, we consider a special type of microlensing events where the sources are fast radio bursts (FRBs) with ∼milliseconds (ms) durations for which the relative motion between the lens and source is negligible. In this scenario, it is possible to temporally resolve the individual microimages. As a result, a method beyond the inverse ray shooting method, which only evaluates the total magnification of all microimages, is needed. We therefore implement an algorithm for identifying individual microimages and computing their magnifications and relative time delays. We validate our algorithm by comparing to analytical predictions for a single microlens case and find excellent agreement. We show that the superposition of pulses from individual microimages produces a light curve that appears as multipeaked FRBs. The relative time delays between pulses can reach 0.1–1 ms for stellar-mass lenses and hence can already be resolved temporally by current facilities. Although not yet discovered, microlensing of FRBs will become regular events and surpass the number of quasar microlensing events in the near future when 104−5 FRBs are expected to be discovered on a daily basis. Our algorithm provides a way of generating the microlensing light curve that can be used for constraining stellar-mass distribution in distant galaxies.


Lexicon Supplies Reidy-to-wear. sern- bespoke or bespoke 2 Postures and drops measurement chart Chart of terms and equivalents in commercial sizes Placing seam tape Body Blocks Shirts Ties Knitwear . Trousers Jackets Vests Outerwear Details Adjustments for trousers, jackets and outwear Steps to follow when constructing a pattern


Since the Indian regulators have initiated the implementation of Basel norms the relations between banks and customers who were operated within an untidy system took the shape of a practical system signalling the revival of a new wave of consumerism. There has been a radical transformation in the bank and customer relationship as a result of harmonisation with the international standards. In the globalisation era, Indian banking system underwent revolutionary changes in terms of technology, Core Banking Solutions, telecommunications and increased usage of social media. These phenomena have a credible impact on the consumerism of Indian banks especially, the Public Sector Banks (PSBs). This research paper is an effort to identify the response of banks to the growing consumerism post Basel II implementation in India with special reference to PSBs. At the same time an effort has been made to identify the key sources of competitive advantage of the PSBs in the market place to meet the demands of consumerism. This research paper is descriptive in nature and primary data has been collected from various PSBs through in depth discussion and questionnaire as a primary tool. Descriptive statistics has been used to explain the banks response to the consumerism on various parameters. Multiple responses model has been used to evaluate the key sources of competitive advantage, PSBs have in the market place to meet the challenges posed by consumerism. The analysis reveals that PSBs have developed adequate skills to compete with the increased consumerism in terms of information and communication technology, marketing information systems, marketing tools, and tie ups with the other financial players in the market.


The invention relates to rainwater treatment and recycle, and provides a rainwater runoff strengthening treatment and recycling parking space and a sidewalk system. A waterproof layer, a pebble supporting layer, an adsorptive filler layer, a filter filler layer, a steel grating plate layer and a permeable layer are sequentially arranged in a pit with depth of 1.2 to 1.5 meters from bottom to top;the system also comprises a recycle water well which takes the waterproof layer as the well bottom, takes concrete as the well wall and penetrate other layers; and a water collecting pipe layer is horizontally arranged in the pebble supporting layer, and the water collecting pipe layer consists of water collecting pipes connected across and provided with holes, wherein one or more water collecting pipes are connected to the recycle water well through an opening on the wall of the recycle water well. The system has multiple functions of water penetration, filtration, adsorption, storage, rainwater recycle and the like, and can quickly and efficiently reduce urban rain flood; and specific rainwater treatment fillers can be selected according to the pollution characteristics of regional rainwater runoff, so that the blockage of the lower basic filler is avoided, the accommodating capacity of the system on pollutants is increased and the service life of the system is prolonged.


Background: Core stability is defined as comprising of the lumbopelvic-hip complex and is the capacity to maintain equilibrium of the vertebral column within its physiologic limits by reducing displacement from perturbations and maintaining structural integrity. Over the years, the concept of core stability has changed and authors have highlighted the significance and contribution of the transversus abdominus muscle, especially, in lumbo pelvic stability. Upon this basis, it has now become an important part in the management of spinal stability. Thus, exercises relying on the activation, recruitment and strengthening the core muscles are a common avenue of treatment of chronic back pain. Pelvic compensation of the sagittal spinal alignment is important as it correlates to lumbar lordosis and overall sagittal balance. Hence pelvic radius technique (PRT) is used to measure the lumbar lordosis.


A comparison between five heroes of different Indo-European traditions enables us to highlight a new mythological theme. Parallels between characters, their acts, their parental links and supernatural occurrences enable us to put forward a model comprising seventeen criteria that represent almost all the significant events in the lives of the heroes discussed here.


The relationship between budget participation and managerial performance has been attracting researchers attention. However, the result of previous studies on relationship between budget participation and managerial performance has been often contradictory. One way to reconcile these conflicting result is to investigate the hypothesized relationship utilizing a contingency approach.The purpose of this research is to examine the existing relationship between budget participation and managerial performance. Empirically examined whether decentralisafion and style of leadership are moderating variable that influence the relationship between budget participation and managerial performance. The sample of this research are taken from hybrid public sector organization population in Yogyakarta. From 350 sent questionnaires, there are 112 respondents than send their answer back. Only 101 questionnaires that fulfill the requierements to be processed in final analysis.The empirical result using simple regression show that budget participation influence the managerial performance. But empirically result using residual approach show that a fit between budget participation with contingent factor (decentralisation and style of leadership) does not effect managerial performance significantly.Keywords: Budget participation, Managerial performance, Desentralization, Style of leadership


tius, Vergil and Propertius, in his selection of imagery. 2) In the 1930's S.G. Owen sought to distinguish progressive stages of development in the construction of similes; and a 3) topical outline of Ovidian similes by E.G. Wilkins provided a useful compilation for a more comprehensive study. Finally in 1964, Emilio Merone assessed the artistic validity of the similes in the Heroides through a study of their individual components to determine whether the figures are a simple statement of comparative terms or whether these terms have been fused so as to create a completely new im4) age .


A decline in the revenue generated by European railways and the discontinuity of services across the continent are outlined. The possibility that privatisation might improve international operating is examined. Privatisation along the lines of air transport is discussed dividing the rail system into infrastructure, traffic control and transport. Technical problems and limits to be considered in the process of privatisation are considered. These include a) track gauge, b) vehicle gauge, c) traction, d) signalling, e) monitoring, f) operation and safety regulation, g) operational language, h) knowledge of lines and i) labour regulations. Economic and financial problems discussed include the need for balanced budgets and independent management, pricing policy and investment policy. The way in which privatised services could be marketed is considered. For the covering abstract see IRRD 859801.


The characterization of exoplanets' atmospheres using direct imaging spectroscopy requires high-contrast over a wide wavelength range. We study a recently proposed focal plane wavefront estimation algorithm that exclusively uses broadband images to estimate the electric field. This approach therefore reduces the complexity and observational overheads compared to traditional single wavelength approaches. The electric field is estimated as an incoherent sum of monochromatic intensities with the pair-wise probing technique. This paper covers the detailed implementation of the algorithm and an application to the High-contrast Imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed with the goal to compare the performance between the broadband and traditional narrowband filter approaches.


39 Background: Due to more mosquito habitats and the lack of basic mosquito control facilities, 40 construction sites are more likely to have secondary cases after case importation, which may 41 increase the number of cases in the neighborhood community and the chance of community 42 transmission. This study aims to investigate how to effectively reduce the dengue transmission 43 in construction sites and the neighboring communities. 44 Methods: Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious/Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEIAR) model of 45 human and SEI model of mosquitoes were developed to estimate the transmission of dengue 46 virus between human and mosquitoes within the construction site and within a neighboring 47 community, as well between them. With the calibrated model, we further estimated the 48 effectiveness of different intervention scenarios targeting at reducing the transmissibility at 49 different locations (i.e. construction sites and community) with the total attack rate (TAR) and 50 the duration of the outbreak (DO). 51 Results: A total of 102 construction site-related and 131 community-related cases of dengue 52 were reported in our study area. Without intervention, the cases related to the construction site 53 and the community rose to 156 (TAR: 31.25%) and 10796 (TAR: 21.59%). When cutting off 54 the transmission route from mosquitoes to human in the community, the community cases 55 decreased to a minimum of 33 compared with other simulated scenarios (TAR: 0.068%, DO: 56 60 days). If the transmission route from infectious mosquitoes in the community, and from the 57 construction site to susceptible people on the site, was cut off at the same time, the cases in the 58 construction site dropped to a minimum of 74 (TAR: 14.88%, DO: 66 days). 59 Conclusions: To control the outbreak effectively for both the construction site and the 60 community, interventions needed to be taken within the community and from the community 61 to the construction site. If interventions were only taken within the construction site, this could 62 not reduce the number of cases on the construction site. If interventions were taken within the 63 construction site or between the construction site and the community, this could not lead to a 64 reduction in the number of cases in the community.


By designing a fine-controlled nanocomposite with Au nanoparticles (∼2 nm in size) directly inlaid in TiO2 as working electrode, efficiency (η) of 10.1% for a dye-sensitized solar cell with an open-circuit photovoltage of 863 mV and a short-circuit photocurrent of 15.71 mA cm−2 have been achieved, giving an enhancement of 97 mV in photovoltage, 63% in photocurrent and 84% in efficiency compared to the cell with pure TiO2 photoanode (η = 5.5%). As compared to pure TiO2, besides the local-field optical enhancement near the TiO2 surface caused by plasma resonance of Au nanoparticles which increases the dye absorption and hence the amount of photogenerated charge contributing to the photocurrent, it is evidenced that not only the quasi-Fermi level of Au–TiO2 photoanode can be modulated to more negative potentials by controlling the mass ratio of Au–TiO2, but their mosaic nanostructure reduces the charge recombination rate effectively, both leading to a marked enhancement of photovoltage. Our results prove that the unique nanostructural, physical and chemical properties of the direct mosaic nanoarchitecture of ∼2 nm Au and TiO2 make them valuable materials as working electrodes for DSSCs to achieve high photovoltage and hence further improve the performance.


Confronting challenges of globalization to theological education, which calls for contextualization of theological education, this study proposes developing a contextual theological curriculum, which is integral with the life of people and reflective of social realities. For an integral and holistic approach, theological schools need to revise their theological curriculum which is basically built upon the fourfold division of theological areas. In this pattern, the disciplines are so separate, self-contained, and autonomous. A brief introduction of debates among Asian scholars and their attempts for contextual and integral theological education shows the seriousness of Asian scholars and teachers for developing contextual theological education in Asia. Especially, cooperative efforts of theological education, such as ATESEA and SEAGST, show the strength that brings scattered theological efforts to build a theology as well as to be supportive of one another in the construction of a theological community capable of speaking from within the cultural, religious, historical and social political realities of Asia. Finally, this study concretely proposes a theological curriculum in three years seminary setting, with an extra year of cross-cultural leadership training. The curriculum is designed as a process of going on from experience to experience through communication with scripture and Christian traditions: starting from the stage of reflection and acquaintance of knowledge, the stage of analysis and construction, and the stage of interdisciplinary and spiritual & practical application. And an extra year of ecumenical study would be ideal for raising international Asian leaders, who respect other religious and cultural heritages and deeply held concerns of Asian realities.


This paper presents a secondary analysis of data from a study of critical success factors for the adoption of innovative technology in higher education. Using aggregated statistical data from the earlier study, the analysis carried out in this paper focuses on identifying both the similar and different perceptions of two key groups. By doing so, highlighting factors perceived as common or unique to each group may facilitate the successful adoption of innovative technology. Furthermore, it is proposed that the method of surveying, interviewing and analysing the perceptions of experts and study participants may have application in other contexts, such as the schools education environment. Keywords— schools, technology adoption, critical success factors, management, perceptions


Objective To explore and summarize the experience of surgical treatment of spontaneous rupture of esophagus.Methods The data of 21 cases of spontaneous rupture of esophagus from January 1993 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,including etiologies,symptoms,time interval between onset and treatment,treatment methods,prognosis,hospital stays,etc.Results There were 17 male patients and 4female patients.Their age was between 32 and 82 years old(average 43 years old).There were 9(42.8%),6(28.6%),and 6(28.6%) cases whose time intervals between onset and treat were 24 h,48 h,and 72h,respectively.All patients underwent surgical treatment.The primary healing rates were 88.9%(24 h),66.7%(48 h),and 0(72 h).All patients were discharged with recovery.The average hospital stays were18.1 d(24 h),27.8 d(48 h),and 51.2 d(72 h).Conclusion Surgery was the best way to treat spontaneous rupture of esophagus.The less the time interval between onset and treatment would be with the better the prognosis.The time interval is no longer a judgment standard of surgery.The surgery is indicated if a clear diagnosis can be made.


The conflict in eastern Ukraine is approaching its third year with little sign of a negotiated resolution. Crimea has been absorbed into the Russian Federation and will celebrate the second anniversary of its 'integration' in March 2016. The ongoing nature of the conflict contrasts with a lack of academic exploration of the issues surrounding it. To date, most analyses have focused on the geopolitical implications of the Ukrainian crisis, such as the impact on NATO-Russia relations, and foreign policy responses to the crisis from a variety of state and supranational actors including the EU and Russia. The role of sub-state and nonstate actors has been largely overlooked. This Special Issue seeks to rectify this by examining their role in the evolution of the conflict, looking at topics such as the popularity of the separatist movement in Donbass, the perception of local political elites, the involvement of militias and the implications for regional security across the post-Soviet space: how has the annexation of Crimea affected the separatist territories of South Ossetia and Transnistria? In the post-Cold War era, there has been a change in the distribution of power throughout the international system with the emergence of a range of non-state actors who are threatening to fundamentally alter the basis of traditional state-based power. Many scholars would argue that there has been an erosion of state sovereignty brought about by the relative empowerment of supranational institutions such as the UN and EU, and by the growing influence of non-state actors. Pearlman and Cunningham define non-state actors as 'an organised political actor not directly connected to the state but pursing aims that affect vital state interests' (Pearlman and Cunningham 2012, 3). They can be individuals or organizations with economic, political, social, or sometimes military power that are able to influence the state, sub-state and sometimes regional and international levels. Josselin and Wallace's definition of a non-state actor highlights the diversity both in terms of interest and influence:


The article is dedicated to non-conventional protest tactics used by citizens to gain their "right to the city", that is to say normalisation of their status. The normative system reproduces conventional styles of political forms, which also shapes the modes of protest activity. Traditional protests usually put forward a list of requirements addressed to a specific agent, this is usually one of the authoritative bodies in the area. Recent practices confirm that such forms of demonstrations turn out to be ineffective due to the fact that people's discontent stems from structural problems, whose solution is impossible within the existing political and economic systems. This paper presents a case study of protest in Kyiv's Gostynnyi Dvirin 2012, which was a struggle primarily for public space and spatial justice. The half-year long operation of the so-called "Hospitable Republic" showed that a protest against public space commercialization could act as a complex movement of resistance, especially when it refuses to adopt a narrow identity and take on traditional forms of public protest. Qualitative content analysis of the representation of the "Hospitable Republic" in Ukrainian newspapers and TV-news shows how an event, which violates normativity, is neutralized through describing it with the usual taxonomies. Three types of newspapers and TV-channels taken for this analysis represent different parts of the Ukrainian political sphere in the media and three different attitudes in regard to the protest: there is the pro-government media that ignores the "Hospitable Re-public", neutral media that seeks to represent both parts of the conflict, and the oppositional media that prioritizes protest voices. Despite providing different pieces of information on the issue in question, all the media outlets acted within the confines of conventional ways of representation, and, by doing so, contributed to the end of the "Hospitable Republic". It is through these representations that the movement turned in a mere conflict of interests, presented as an issue to be solved by legal means and governmental decisions. Subsequently, having abandoned this transgression of standards, the protest movement legitimized the existing system and contributed to its reproduction.


Introduction: Immunotherapy is of increasing relevance in NSCLC; however, the local and systemic regulation of the tumor/host interaction is not well understood. Cytokines regulate a number of processes in this interaction. Methods: In this cross sectional study we collected pleural effusion and serum from patients with lung cancer and controls and quantified 12 Cytokines (IL-22, IL-8, Angiogenin, MMP-9, CXCL-5, TFF3, IGF-1, TGF-s1, TGF-s2, IGFBP-3, IL-6, VEGF; selection of cytokines based on previous results) by specific ELISA Kits. We documented clinical markers of systemic inflammation including CRP, leucocyte- and lymphocyte counts. Lung cancer patients were compared to controls, and within each group local cytokine and systemic cytokine levels were compared. Results: 30 patients were included (19 lung cancer, 11 controls). IGF-1 showed higher expression in pleural fluid samples from patients with lung cancer compared to patients without lung cancer (p= 0.017). In patients with lung cancer, both VEGF and TGF-beta2 expression were higher in pleural fluid than in serum (p=0.001 and p= 0.011). The concentration of IL-22 in pleural fluid from lung cancer patients correlated with systemic leucocyte counts (spearman coefficient -0,47; p=0,04). Discussion: There are some significant differences in cytokine expression in pleural fluid from lung cancer patients compared with controls. In addition, systemic cytokine expression (in particular VEGFR and TGF-beta2) differs from expression in the pleural compartment in patients with lung cancer. These differences may be of diagnostic relevance and might offer targets for novel treatments of malignant pleural effusion in lung cancer.


A study of the Roman sttlement in Yecla (as in every other site) should be done with relation to al1 the settlements in the Roman period. History of the investigation. Phisical characteristics of the area. The Roman settlement is described according to the following scheme: indigenous antecedents; the centres of population from the first to the fifth century; Roman roads. Modifications of the settlement during the sixth and seventh centuries.


As a thinker who actively advocated vernacular literature and cultural enlightenment during the early period of the May Fourth Movement,Liu Shipei based his language-literature ideas on his investigation and analysis of Chinese traditional language-literature and on his political pursuit as a revolutionary.However,the great significance of Liu Shipei's interpretation of the evolution of language-literature in Chinese history did not lie mainly in his practice but in academic and theoretical aspects.His analysis of the relationship between varieties of texts which influenced and restricted each other,and of dialects and idioms as well as of the borrowed languages whose influence on the development of Chinese language generally reflected that his language-literature ideas still belonged to objective idealism.


The invention features a synthetic gene encoding a protein normally expressed in a mammalian cell or in a eukaryotic cell wherein at least one codon non-preferred or less preferred in the natural gene encoding the protein mammal has been replaced by a preferred codon encoding the same amino acid.


Recent advances in programmable networks enable custom processing of data at hundreds of gigabits per second. These advances can boost the performance of many distributed applications. Yet the high-level languages used by application developers are different from the data plane programming languages (such as P4 and NPL) used by network equipment. This language barrier slows innovation. Our hourglass-shaped architectural solution aims to lower this language barrier. This enables the application developer community to leverage programmable networks for achieving better performance. In this paper we propose a JSON-based intermediate representation to bridge the gap between applications and in-network computing. We demonstrate an instance of the solution in the context of a low-latency feedback application that enables SQL-based data filtering in a P4-based programmable environment. We also present a prototype compiler to convert an intermediate representation in JSON to P4 source.


A new space vector modulation combined with phase-shifted SPWM approach is utilized to cascaded multilevel inverters. And a feed forward voltage decoupling vector control method is presented. The proposed approach has some advantages, such as good dynamic regulation performance, balance of switching components power, easy realization. It is verified in a three-cell cascaded laboratory inverters system. Simulations and experimental results indicate the system has good dynamic and static state performance.


Objectives: To explore general practitioners' views on chronic‐disease care: the difficulties and rewards, the needs of patients, the impact of government incentive payments, and the changes needed to improve chronic‐disease management.


Boolean network has been a major model to study gene regulatory networks.Lots of work have been focused on inferring networks from time-series data and designing potential intervention policies.However,one important problem still remains unsolved,that is the generalization of Boolean function.In general,the inference algorithms always assume a random Boolean value for the unobserved states.As many theoretical and experimental results support that gene regulatory networks lie between the boundary of ordered and disordered regimes,we studied three generalization methods:the majority rule,bias-based and mutual informationbased methods.Results both on simulation networks and melanoma network show that reasonable generalization can improve both the steady-state distribution distance and the sensitivity error.And among the three methods,the mutual information-based method performs better than the other two.


This paper has the objective to study the measurability of moral prejudice damage in the perspective of Brazilian procedural law.
The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 establishes the possibility of monetary reparation to non-monetary losses or moral damage. However, there is no legal or doctrinal criterion on how to ascertain or measure the monetary reparation to moral damage.
Evaluation of monetary reparation to moral damage is a difficult matter not only because of the absence of statutory law but also due to the inexistence of an exact and accurate method to evaluate non patrimonial damages, which are, by nature, intangible.
This paper addresses the limits, the criteria and the principles that should guide the judicial free will, as well as the procedural instruments, such as case value and procedural evidences, applicable to the decision on the monetary reparation of moral damage.


We say that a process $(\xi (t))_{t \geqq 0} $ is a Markov functional of a basic homogeneous Markov process $(X(t))_{t \geqq 0} $ if the pair $(X(t),\xi (t))_{t \geqq 0} $ is a Markov process. In the paper a sequence of Markov functionals $(\xi_n (t))_{t \geqq 0} $ of the basic process $(X(t))_{t \geqq 0} $, which is degenerate in the limit, is considered and the limit behavior of the distribution of the pair $(X(t),\xi (t))_{t \geqq 0} $ is studied as $n \to \infty $.


To evaluate traditional risk factors for clinically manifest and asymptomatic atherosclerosis in pts with BD.Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were evaluated in 95 pts with Bechet's disease (BD) and 40 healthy age and gender matched controls. The male-to-female ratio was 3,7:1, pts' mean age was 29.7 (23-35) y, the mean age at the disease onset - 19,9 (14-25) y, and mean disease duration - 9,6 (4-15) y. The common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) was evaluated by high resolution B-mode ultrasonography. A plaque was defined as a local intima-media thickening ≥1,2 mm, with reference IMT thickness <0,9 mm. Serum concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP) was measured by immunonephelometric assay (BN-100 Analyzer; Dade Behring). Lipid profile evaluation included total cholesterol, TGs, HDL, LDL and atherogenic index.Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis (one or more) were found in 85,3% of BD pts, dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor and was present in 76,84% of pts, mostly due to increased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. 22,1% had arterial hypertension (AH), 29,5% were current smokers, 27,4% had excess body weight, 3,1% had family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were found in 80% out of 40 gender and age matching subjects from the control group, i.e., showing practically the same prevalence as in BD pts.Table 1.The incidence-rate of traditional risk factors in BD patients and controlsVariablesBD pts (n=95)Controls (n=40)рAge, years29,0 [23,0;35,0]29,0 [25,0;32,0]NSBMI, kg/m223,1 [21,1;25,5]23,8 [22,0;26,0]NSBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, n (%)26 (27,4)15 (37,5)NSArterial hypertension, n (%)21 (22,1)4 (10)NSFamily history of CVD3 (3,1)5 (12,5)0,05Cigarette smoking, n (%)28 (29,5)12 (30,0)NSDyslipidemia, n (%)73 (76,8)27 (67,5)NSTotal cholesterol, mml/l5,0 [4,3;6,1]5,1 [4,5;5,7]NSCholesterol > 5,0 mml/l, n (%)47 (49,5)25 (62,5)NSTGs, mml/l0,92 [0,7;1,3]0,89 [0,60;1,08]NSTGs > 1,7 mml/l, n (%)8 (8,4)3 (7,5)NSLDL, mml/l3,36 (2,8;4,0)3,3 [2,7;3,7]NSLDL > 3 mml/l, n (%)63 (66,3)25 (62,5)NSHDL, mml/l1,19 [1,0;1,5]1,35 [1,2;1,6]0,06HDL ≤1 mml/l (male), ≤ 1,2 mml/l (female) n (%)30 (31,6)5 (12,5)0,03Reduced HDL levels were more common in BD pts vs the controls - 30 (31,6%) vs 5 (12,5), р=0,03 as shown in table 1. Other traditional risk factors were similarly present in both groups with no significant difference between BD pts and the controls.Analysis showed similar incidence of CV events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and stroke) in both groups. There were no differences between BD pts and healthy people in terms of lifetime risk for CVD. High lifetime risk ≥ 20% was found in 4 BD pts vs 0 in the control group; moderate lifetime risk >10% < 20% - in 6,3% of BD pts vs 2,5% in the control group, and low lifetime risk < 10% -was found in 89,5% of BD pts vs 97,5% of the controls.Average IMT values were significantly higher in BD pts - 0.68 [0.60;0.73] vs 0.63 [0.56;0.65], p=0.008, but at the same time, IMT thinning (up to < 0.5 mm) was significantly more common in BD pts - 32.6% vs 12.5% in the control group (p=0.01). HsCRP serum levels were significantly higher in BD pts (2.42 [0.5;8.8] mg / l) than in the control group (0.37 [0.15;0.75]), p=0.001. There was a correlation between hs-CRP and BMI in BD pts (r=0.2, p<0.05), but no correlation was found between hsCRP and BD activity/BD clinical manifestations.Decreased HDL cholesterol levels were more common in BD patients than in the control group, just as thinning of IMT, most likely because of vasculitis.None declared


Over a three-year period, 849 patients had a cholecystectomy for gallstones, at the Central Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. In 133 patients the common bile duct was explored. Under the particular circumstances in which the operation is performed, choledochoscopy was shown to have important advantages to the patient in both locating common duct stones and in ensuring that none is left behind.


Objective To analyze the clinical effects of treating the pigmented villonodular synovitis( PVS) in ankle joint by arthroscope Methods From January 2008 to January 2012,eight patients who were diagnosed PVS in ankle joints were treated by arthroscope. Among these patients,three were men and five were women,aged from 15 to 46 years old with the average age of 27. Six were left ankle and two were right ankle. Pre- and post- operative functional evaluations were analyzed by Kofoed score system. Results During the 12- 24 months of follow-up( 12 month in average),no patients was found recurrence. The Kofoed score was( 51. 2 ± 7. 5) before operation; after operation it was( 79. 2 ± 7. 1),( 86. 1 ±5. 3),( 92. 3 ±7. 8) at 3 months,6 months and 12 months respectively. The statistical analysis showed there was significant difference in among the pre-operation and post-operation scores.( F = 12. 387,P = 0. 0016) All the patients were satisfied with the operation. Conclusion The arthroscopic surgery is a very effective method to treat PVS in ankle joints,which has the advantage of minimal invasion,fast recovery and good clinical results.


We show the sharp global well posedness for the Cauchy problem for the cubic (quartic) non-elliptic derivative Schr\"odinger equations with small rough data in modulation spaces $M^s_{2,1}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $n\ge 3$ ($n= 2$). In 2D cubic case, using the Gabor frame, we get some time-global dispersive estimates for the Schr\"odinger semi-group in anisotropic Lebesgue spaces, which include a time-global maximal function estimate in the space $L^2_{x_1}L^\infty_{x_2,t}$. By resorting to the smooth effect estimate together with the dispersive estimates in anisotropic Lebesgue spaces, we show that the cubic hyperbolic derivative NLS in 2D has a unique global solution if the initial data in Feichtinger-Segal algebra or in weighted Sobolev spaces are sufficiently small.


In order to predict the development trends of total power of Chinese agricultural machinery better,a method based on support vector machine was presented.In the building of prediction model based on support vector machine,the metabolic method was used.Statistical data of Chinese agricultural machinery's total power from 1979 to 2008 were used as training samples,and statistical data of 2009 and 2010 were used as test samples.To verify the effectiveness and superiority of this method,prediction models based on normal BP neural network and improved BP neural network were also established using metabolic method.Comparison of predicted results based on historical data shows that the prediction accuracy based on support vector machine was significantly higher than that of normal BP neural network and the improved BP neural network.Then,predictive values of Chinese total power of agricultural machinery from 2011 to 2015 were respectively 97 859.1,103 053.7,108 480.7,112 794.7,and 115 096.8 ten thousand kW),and the changing trend of slowdown in the growth was also indicated.


In this paper, we introduce a 3valued MVCM 4- phase link, where cores at each end of the link use 4-phase dual-rail protocol. The dual-rail N-bit data are encoded onto N+1 wires on the link, thus reducing the number of interconnects between cores and improving power and crosstalk features. We show that it is impractical to encode a 2- phase dual-rail asynchronous data bit onto one wire using MVCM signaling, which was used in previous works, as it generates an unavoidable hazard at the receiver end. The main advantage of our design is that it does not generate any hazards. To evaluate our claim, we use a simple transmitter and receiver implemented in 130 nm technology. Results show a hazard-free communication over different link lengths in contrast to previous works.


Abstract This paper discusses the existence of mild solutions for a class of fractional impulsive evolution equation with periodic boundary condition and noncompact semigroup. By using some fixed-point theorems, the existence theorems of mild solutions are obtained, our results are also more general than known results. Furthermore, as an application that illustrates the abstract results, two examples are given.


Microstructure engineering has aroused tremendous interest to tailor the electrochemical properties of an sp3/sp2-bonded carbon composite in the chemical sensing field. In this work, the undoped di...


Lactose is the only carbohydrates of the milk,the most easily absorbed into the human body,which can be absorbed by the body into a peptide,amino acids and fatty acids to improve the milk protein and fat utilization.Due to the lack of lactase,many suffering from lactose intolerance can not eat dairy products,this article introduces the lactose content,the process of lactose digestion and metabolism and the classification of lactose intolerance,as well as lactose nutritional functions.


The treatment of heavily calcified lesions is a challenge for the interventional cardiologist. The Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) is a plaque modification tool and the main mechanism of action seems to be the photomechanical delivering acoustic pressure with a mechanical disruption of the plaque in front of the catheter tip.

 To evaluate the effectiveness of the contrast-enhanced ELCA by a stepwise approach, with incremental frequency/fluency in the treatment of calcified lesions in different contexts.

 We retrospectively enrolled consecutively all patients undergoing contrast-enhanced ELCA-assisted PCIs between 2018 and 2021 at the Cardiology Unit of "Umberto I" Hospital of Syracuse (Italy).
 The frequency/fluency ELCA profile used with a stepwise approach were 50/50, 60/60, 70/70 and 80/80. ELCA technical success was defined as the laser catheter crossing the entire length of the target lesion established by angiographic evidence of the catheter tip in the artery distal to the stenosis. Procedural success was defined as <30% residual stenosis after laser and adjunctive therapy. Clinical success requested procedural success with absence of major adverse cardiac events at hospital discharge. Major adverse cardiac events included death of all causes, myocardial infarction, need for target lesion revascularization, tamponade, and life-threatening arrhythmias.

 We enrolled 114 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced ELCA-assisted PCI. 58% of the patients had acute coronary syndrome and 42% had chronic coronary syndrome. The left anterior descending artery was the target vessel in 42.1% of cases, the right coronary artery in 26.3%, the circumflex in 10.5%, and the left main artery in 2.3%. The main indication for ELCA was intrastent restenosis (56.2%). The median stenosis was 90% (80% – 90%).
 The ELCA catheter tip was 0.9 mm and 1.4 mm was employed in the 89.5% and 10.5% of cases respectively. The most used frequency/fluency profile was 70/70 (39.5%) followed by 60/60 (31.6%), 50/50 (15.8%) and 80/80 (13.2%). Use of contrast-enhanced ELCA was associated with high technical success rate (97.4%), procedural success rate (93.7%), and clinical success rate (97.1%).

 In Conclusion, the contrast-enhanced ELCA seems to be a safe and effective treatment for management of calcified lesions.


The aim of the current study was to determine which variable would be a better predictor of suicide risk: perceived social support or serum cholesterol level. There was a significant negative correlation between suicide risk and perceived social support but no significant correlation between suicide risk and serum cholesterol. Perceived social support was a better predictor of suicide risk than was serum cholesterol level and accounted for 17% of the variance. Depressed patients with a history of suicide attempt had a significantly lower serum cholesterol level, scored significantly higher on the Suicide Risk Scale, and scored significantly lower on the Perceived Social Support Scale than did depressed patients with no history of suicide attempt. Findings suggest that perceived social support is a better predictor of suicide risk for depressed African Americans.


This paper has discussed the measurement of house property areas for high-level and complex building. The conditions analysis based on building itself and surrounding construction site considered, we propose the methods of the measurement of the side length of outward wall, the coordinates in the housing corner feature points and the area calculation by total station survey. The method for area calculation with the amendment to housing corner feature points by total stations been pointed out. The analysis has been investigate to the range between the side length of the wall and the coordinates obtained through the coordinates observations of the housing corner feature points on the high-level standards or heterogeneous layer by the total station and the cumulative value measured by steel ruler or handheld range finder on each side indoor measurement, so that the accuracy of the property areas can be controlled. At the same time the determination principles and model for share property areas are discussed, two logical models are put forward.


The buildings become higher and more density in the recent year, which bring difficulties to deep foundation pit construction. The paper analyzed main reasons and influence factors for the destabilization of foundation slop, put forward that the main influence factor is soil and water, discussed how to prevent slop destabilization and ensure the shoring structure safe.


The optimal reactive power flow solutions to command the reactive power injection of static synchronous compensator(STATCOM),the voltage stability margin and total active power losses of the power system were studied.Based on the mathematical model of the multi-objective wind farms with grid-connection and the nonlinear primal-dual interior point algorithm,solutions of optimal reactive power flows are set as the STATCOM's controller.Sensitivity analysis are used to choose the optimal compensation nodes。The simulation results verify the validity of the control strategy.


Although the hypothesised constructs of learning styles and teaching styles have been studied separately, the association between the two has not yet been identified. The study used survey responses from 272 undergraduate students' preferences to identify the links between student self ratings of their learning styles and their preferences for teaching style. Results indicate that learners with a dominant reflector style are influenced by their perceptions of the teaching style of the teacher or lecturer. Implications for this result are targeted at lecturers, teachers and other educators. This is the first empirical study to identify a relationship between the popular yet criticised learning styles and teaching style preferences. It is generally accepted that the manner in which individuals choose to or are inclined to approach a learning situation has an impact on performance and achievement of learning outcomes (Cassidy, 2004). Learning styles have been the focus of extensive research and as a result there exist a variety of definitions, theoretical positions, models, interpretations and measures of the construct (Cassidy, 2004).


The accountancy's professional practice course sets up with great importance to practice the ability of students,and enhance the students to operate. But the teaching mode of normal regulations has a lot of blemishes. This article aims at several problems as how to carry on a lesson design and to adopt better teaching mode to stimulate learning atmosphere; how to transfer the students to aggressive study and participation in order to attain the study efficiency and obtain a good and solid practical result's etc.


We attempted to explain the phenomenon that the electric resistivity of tungsten film increases as the thickness decreases and that physical vapor-deposited (PVD) tungsten shows a much lower resistivity than chemical vapor-deposited (CVD) tungsten. The crystallinity and electric conductivity of an under-layer does not affect the electric resistivity of tungsten film. The low resistivity of PVD tungsten originates from a large grain size. PVD tungsten with large grains is free from grain boundary scattering, while CVD tungsten with small grains exhibits grain boundary scattering. As film thickness decreases down to the mean free path of tungsten, the surface scattering effect surpasses the grain boundary scattering effect. Consequently, the resistivity of PVD and CVD tungsten becomes equal because surface scattering increases the resistivity of both large- and small-grained films. The same rule is adaptable for the resistance change of a narrow line structure. CVD tungsten shows a high resistance because of grain boundary scattering originating from a small grain size. However, if the line-width is reduced to the mean free path, grain boundary scattering disappears, making surface scattering only the factor that increases electric resistivity. Thus, CVD tungsten shows the same resistance as PVD tungsten in a very narrow line structure.


A new series of aromatic amide-Schiff abse molecular tweezers (1~5) have been synthesized under microwave irradition,wherein not only the reaction time has been brought down from 5 hours to 12~15 minutes in comparison to conventional heating but also with improved yield. All the new receptors were characterized by IR, MS and ()~1HNMR spectra.


A case study on Urban Gad's German shooting script for Die Filmprimadonna (The Film Primadonna, 1913) reviews the screenplay in the production process shortly after the emergence of multiple-reel feature films. In the dramatic story of the rise and fall of a film
 prima donna, a fictitious screenplay plays an idiosyncratic function in filmmaking that sketches, for the cinematic audience of that time, a specific idea of how and why an appropriate script has to be made. The article offers an analysis of Gad's preserved script and demonstrates that
 this screen-idea contrasts with the value and agency of screenplays in the historic mode of production in 1913. Inasmuch as the plot of the movie simply highlights the function of acting, Die Filmprimadonna as a script itself functions as a complex and highly composed agent in the process
 of filmmaking ‐ as both a narrative and, equally, a production schedule for the film.


ABSTRACT Juvenile adjudicative competency evaluations are on the rise, but basing decisions of competency on developmental factors remains highly debated. Most states do not provide explicit guidelines to address developmental factors within juvenile competency statutes despite substantial evidence demonstrating the impact of age and developmental immaturity on competence-related functional abilities. Examination of 649 archived juvenile competency to proceed evaluations in Colorado (from the years 2014–2018) furthered our understanding of the degree to which factors such as age, psychopathology, and developmental immaturity are considered by evaluators determining juvenile adjudicative competence. Based off of existing literature, we hypothesized that juveniles with neurodevelopmental disorders, intellectual disabilities, a younger age, and a lack of developmental maturity would have higher rates of incompetence. Results demonstrated that evaluators were more likely to opine incompetence in adolescents with an intellectual disability (84.8%) or neurodevelopmental disorder (71.8%). Youth aged 12 and younger were more likely to be opined incompetent (OR = 3.21) and were rated as having a poorer or more guarded prognosis for restoration (OR = 2.01) compared to older adolescents. Furthermore, developmental immaturity was cited most frequently in this younger age group. The identification of salient factors considered by evaluators may inform policy, practice, and adolescent-based competency restoration efforts.


With the expansion in scale and up-gradation in level,the standardization of the management in colleges is becoming ever more important.The author of this article points out the existing problems of the teaching management in colleges and holds that the problems in teaching management should be solved through strengthening and perfecting the commanding system establishing and implementing the rules and regulations,setting up effective quality control and evaluation system and attaching importance to the construction of the teaching management so as to realize the specialization in teaching management.


The paper aims to demonstrate that some points in the explication of the figurative expression digging one's own grave via the concept of blending given by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner are problematic: (1) Not under- standing the consequences of one's deeds is an almost universal presupposition of and impulse or motivation for actualizing any utterance with a forewarning or gloating content (e.g., proverbs), not the singularity characterizing just the expression of grave-digging as such. (2) The inversion of causal and temporal structure is not the case because of metonymic association between the con- cepts of the grave and death, as a result of which specific causal and temporal order loses any significance. Many synonymous examples can be given in which the image refers to events before the death, between the death and funeral, as well as those after burial. (3) The source domain needs not to be restricted to natural death and modern civilized funerals but should include also the cases of violent deaths, e.g., the scenario of execution and the scenario of hunting and trapping. Preliminarily, a very brief synopsis of the main phases of development of cognitive linguistic theory of metaphor and some favourite examples of blends, used also in previous works, is provided.


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Storage tanks, silos and other welded cylindrical shell structures are usually constructed of rolled panels which are joined by patterned circumferential and longitudinal welds. Cold-formed residual stresses are produced during the cold bending process of steel panels, and obvious deformations and uneven distributed welding residual stresses are also produced because of the welding process. Studies have shown that residual stresses could weaken the critical buckling load of welded cylindrical shells under axial compression. Stress-relief post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) is a process that heats the workpiece gradually to 500∼650 °C, holding the temperature 0.5 hours then reducing the temperature slowly. Two cylindrical shell specimens are fabricated in this paper, and one is processed with stress-relief PWHT, while the other is not. The magnitude and distribution of residual stresses near the weld zone in each specimen are measured with an X-ray diffraction-based measurement system (named iXRD by the manufacturer), and initial imperfections and critical load of the specimens are obtained by the use of an axial buckling experiment platform. Thereafter, numerical simulations are conducted with measured geometric imperfections and residual stresses exerted into the finite element model. Finally, comparison of the critical loads of both cylindrical shell specimens is made, showing the effects of residual stresses on the plastic buckling of cylindrical shells under axial compression.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


It is shown that an inoculum level of 1000 Pratylenchus zeae per seedling or per 2 kg of soil can start to damage rice seedlings in pots.


Imaging is of great importance in everyday life and various fields of science and technology. Conventional imaging is achieved by bending light rays originating from an object with a lens. Such ray bending requires space-variant structures, inevitably introducing a geometric center to the lens. To overcome the limitations arising from the conventional imaging mechanism, we consider imaging elements that employ a different mechanism, which we call reciprocal lenses. This type of imaging element relies on ray shifting, enabled by momentum-space-variant phase modulations in periodic structures. As such, it has the distinct advantage of not requiring alignment with a geometric center. Moreover, upright real images can be produced directly with a single reciprocal lens as the directions of rays are not changed. We realized an ultra-thin reciprocal lens based on a photonic crystal slab. We characterized the ray shifting behavior of the reciprocal lens and demonstrated imaging. Our work gives an alternative mechanism for imaging, and provides a new way to modulate electromagnetic waves.


Introduction. One of the prerequisites for deciding on foreign economic activity (FEA) is its effectiveness. It is determined by comparing the economic result (profit, revenue) with the costs incurred by the enterprise to obtain such a result. Analysis of the effectiveness of foreign trade by the company provides an opportunity to make an informed management decision in the field of exports: which product is better to sell abroad, with which counterparties it is more profitable to cooperate, in what quantity, on what terms.
The purpose of the paper is to study the main problems of improving the efficiency of exports of domestic enterprises, providing recommendations on the technology of finding intermediaries.
Results. Many problems can arise when a company aims to increase the efficiency of its exports. The focus was on the problem of low efficiency of exports due to inflated prices for the services of intermediaries in foreign markets. The recommended technology of search and involvement of intermediaries was provided, which consists of the following stages: determining the purpose of finding an intermediary, determining the resource capabilities of the enterprise (personnel, financial, material), determining the type of intermediary (distributor, agent, representative, etc.), determining evaluation criteria, search for intermediaries on Internet resources (Europages, SME Internationalization Portal, etc.) or through own contacts, evaluation and comparison of intermediaries according to previously defined criteria and choosing one of them, meeting with an intermediary in the context of foreign business travel or video communication and discussing all the details of the agreement, signing the contract with the mediator and starting work with him.
Conclusion. Implementation of the proposed recommendation will have a positive impact on the enterprise and will achieve the following effects: economic, due to reduced costs of sales, marketing, transportation, which will pass to the intermediary, as well as due to increased sales by increasing the company's visibility in foreign markets; social, due to the reduction of the burden on employees of sales and marketing departments, as some of their responsibilities will be transferred to the intermediary.


The overall situation in the education of engineers by industry in general and the communication industry in particular is influenced by two trends: 1. Design. The four-year college of today does not cover the application of engineering principles in the detail and manner required by industry.


Looking back on his experiences in the 1999 European Parliament elections, one south-eastern Member of the European Parliament remarked that he had learned one lesson which was that for many people there was only one institution in the European Union (EU), and that was 'Brussels'. Distinctions between the EU organs were neither understood nor considered signiŽ cant. Nonetheless, as an ensemble they are often regarded as too powerful, not to say oppressive. Such views may well be wrong but it shows that there is a disjunction between popular appreciations of the Union and academic thinking, even that which leans towards 'new institutionalist' understandings of the EU. Dealing with the institutions, however, has not always been all that easy. There have been relatively few texts in English on the institutions as such. Indeed, some good studies of the EU can eschew treating them altogether (Bromley 2001). This has now been partly put right by a trio of valuable and high quality new books on the EU institutions. In their differing ways they tell


Objective To investigate the value of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM- 1) in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. Methods Serum sTREM-1, PCT, CRP levels were determined in 75 patients with bacterial pneumonia and 72 normal controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed in pneumonia patients. The correlation between level of serum sTREM-1 and clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) was analyzed. Results Level of serum sTREM-1 was significant higher in pneumonia group than in the normal control group [(9.89± 6.13) ng/mL vs (3.37±1.67) ng/mL,P=0.001].For ROC curve, when the cut-off value of sTREM-1 was set at 4.46 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 70.7%, specificity was 76.4%, positive predictive value was 75.7% and negative predictive value was 71.4%. In pneumonia group, sTREM-1 level increased significantly in severe pneumonia than non-severe pneumonia [(12.65±6.37) ng/mL vs (9.14±5.91) ng/mL, P0.05]. In pneumonia group, sTREM-1 level correlated positively with CPIS (P0.05). Conclusions Detection of serum sTREM-1 is helpful in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. sTREM-1 level is higher in severe pneumonia and has a positive correlation with CPIS. Serum sTREM-1 level could help to evaluate the severity of infection.


-The forelimb muscles of several species of the kingbird group are here described and illustrated, with the goal of discovering character states of use in delineating clades within the Tyrannidae. These muscles conform in all species to the oscine pattern as described by other authors, with the exception of a few features. Special attention is given to M. latissimus dorsi caudalis, the only muscle that varies widely among, as well as within, the species examined. Absence of this' muscle in the species ofMyiozetetes could mean that this group is a clade. Variation in other tyrannids, however, indicates that closely related species may be losing M. latissimus dorsi caudalis independently. The present study of wing muscles in the "kingbird assemblage" (Traylor 1977) was undertaken as part of a larger study, to determine whether the appendicular musculature of New World flycatchers (Tyrannidae) can provide information of use in constructing phylogenetic hypotheses for this group. Anatomical data from the work of Garrod (1876), Ames (1971), MidtgArd (1982), and W. E. Lanyon (pers. comm.) have recently been used in a cladistic analysis of relationships within the Tyrannoidea (McKitrick 1985). Other anatomical data for this group are scarce and incomplete, and much additional information is needed from a variety of anatomical (and molecular) systems to clarify relationships within this group. A few published studies of the forelimb muscles of oscines exist, e.g., Swinebroad (1954), Hudson and Lanzillotti (1955), George and Berger (1966), Borecky (1977), and Raikow (1977, 1978), but I have found virtually no such information for suboscines. I undertook to describe and illustrate the forelimb muscles of several species of the kingbird group, and compare them with what is known of these muscles in other passerine birds. My purpose was to determine polarities of character states, and thereby assess the potential of this anatomical system for phylogenetic analysis. Similar data for the hindlimb muscles are provided in McKitrick (in press). My working hypothesis was that the Tyrannidae is monophyletic (McKitrick 1985) and, further, that the kingbird group is also a clade (Lanyon 1984). MATERIALS AND METHODS I dissected fluid-preserved specimens of the following species: Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus USNM 504538 and 504539), Rusty-margined Flycatcher (Myiozetetes cayanensis USNM 504542), Piratic Flyca cher (Legatus leucophaius USNM 510867), and Variegated Flycatcher (Empiono us varius FMNH 288494), all members of the kingbird group. One muscle, M. latissimus dorsi caudalis, was intraspecifically variable, and I examined this muscle in 39 other species of Tyrannidae to assess the extent of variation. Dissections were done under a stereomicroscope at 6 x, 12 x and 25 x, with the use of iodine stain (Bock and Shear 1972) to enhance visibility of muscle fibers. Anatomical nomenclature is from Baumel et al. (1979), and abbreviations are, for the most part, from Zusi and Bentz (1984). Descriptions of muscles refer to Tyrannus melancholicus, and are the same in the other species unless otherwise stated. Comparisons with other passerine species are noted where differences occur. Abbreviations for museums from which specimens were borrowed are as follows: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History; CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History; KU, University of Kansas; LSU, Louisiana State University; USNM, National Museum of Natural History; YPM, Peabody Museum, Yale University. Collection data were reported in McKitrick (1984). RESULTS AND COMPARISONS M. rhomboideus superficialis (Fig. I:RS) is a thin, flat, essentially parallel-fibered muscle, lying deep to M. latissimus dorsi pars cranialis and superficial to M. rhomboideus profundus. It arises by an aponeurosis from the neural spines of the last two cervical vertebrae and the neural spines of the first dorsal vertebrae. It passes craniolaterally to insert by a narrow aponeurosis on the dorsomedial surface of the c anial two-thirds of the scapula. The cranialmost fibers insert at the very cranial tip of the


We demonstrate an implementation for an approximate rank-k SVD factorization, combining well-known randomized projection techniques with previously implemented map/reduce solutions in order to compute steps of the random projection based SVD procedure, such QR and SVD. We structure the problem in a way that it reduces to Cholesky and SVD factorizations on $k \times k$ matrices computed on a single machine, greatly easing the computability of the problem.


The main goal of the article is to find out the current state of the company's marketing activities on the international market and to determine the features of international Internet marketing. The paper examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the problem, reveals the modern environment of international marketing and its structure. The influence of the modern development of the world economy on international marketing activity is analyzed, the nature of the diversification of factors influencing the socio-cultural environment on international marketing activity is outlined. Peculiarities of adaptation of the main forms of international marketing activity to modern market challenges are also studied. The relevance of the chosen topic and the expediency of its development is confirmed by the fact that international business is increasingly faced with new marketing tools, which mostly determine the peculiarities of the functioning of corporations on international markets in the conditions of globalization processes. Therefore, their careful study is necessary, because without knowing their nature, causes and methods of manifestation, it is impossible to develop and implement an effective strategy for the company's internationalization. Theoretical studies of modern scientists confirm that one of the most important factors in strengthening a company's competitiveness is the implementation of effective marketing activities, which, in turn, is influenced by a large number of factors of its own environment, primarily - the development of the world economy. In accordance with the set goal and taking into account the specifics and object of the research, the following methods were used: comparative, system-structural, analysis method, method of analysis of scientific works and others. During the analysis, the author identified the advantages and disadvantages of traditional marketing and Internet marketing, which are relevant in the conditions of the modern market. On the basis of theoretical materials and practical research, the conclusion of the article is made regarding the trends in the development of international Internet marketing.


We have searched 14 dense cores, 11 of which have literature distances of 150–350 pc, for T Tauri stars by using the Wide Field Grism Spectrograph 2 on the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. As a result, we detected 50 Hα emission stars including 24 newly found objects. Twelve out of these 50 stars have a distance of ∼190–370 pc, and 16 of them are within a distance of ∼460 pc. Seven of these 16 objects are newly found Hα emission stars and would serve as new good targets for studying protoplanetary disks and young exoplanets.


The main goals of the company is to maximize the prosperity of stakeholders. This goals can be achieved by maximizing the value of company. Sometimes, the company failed to increase the value of the company. One of the causes the company inadequacy inadequacy in applying the factors that affectfirm value. This causes the company's performance to be viewed poorly by its stakeholders. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the effect of variable company size, leverage, profitability, and dividend to policy on firm value in manufacturing companies listed on the BEI 2014-2018 period.
The sample of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the BEI in the 2014-2018 period with a total of 8 companies and using the purposive sampling method, while the data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis which is supported by the classical assumption test is normality test, multicolinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. The result of this study indicate that testing the effect of firm size, leverage, profitability, simultaneously on firm value obtained significant result, partially, dividend policy does not have a significant efeect on firm value.


During the period of this report the Food Standards Agency began a review of BSE controls in relation to the food chain. Its report will be submitted to UK and Devolved Administrations Health and Agriculture Ministers by 31 October 2000, or as soon as possible thereafter, taking account of the report of the BSE Inquiry which is due to report in late September.


Efficacy of salbutamol (S) was compared to that of ipratropium (I) or to their association, after methacholine challenge testing (MCT). MCT was performed in 4 groups of 10 patients suspected to suffer from asthma; mean changes in FEV1, maximal midexpiratory flow rate (MMFR), and airway resistance (Raw) were the same in all groups. After MCT, the group 1 patients inhaled S and then I, 10 min later; both drugs were given in the reverse order to the group 2 patients. The group 3 patients inhaled a mixture of both drugs just after MCT; the group 4 patients were not given any bronchodilator till the 20th min after MCT, when they inhaled S. Short-term (10 min) bronchodilator effects of S, I or S + I on spirometric variables were of the same magnitude and Raw returned to its baseline value. Further improvement (10–20 min) in FEV1 was mainly due to spontaneous recovery, whereas further increase in MMFR was due also to bronchodilator actions of drugs. It is concluded that ipratropium could be proposed as an alternative bronchodilator to salbutamol after MCT.


Thermal reactions by infrared radiation brings about physical damage by temperature rise process or temperature drop process of the material. In this study, a measuring system was set up to measure the temperature rise of each sample by infrared radiation from light source. And the temperature rise of the samples and amount of infrared radiation by various light source were measured with varying irradiance. On the basis of the result from the test, we analyzed a functional relation between infrared and infrared radiation.


A front member (11) comprising a first fiber-reinforced composite material, a backside member made of a second fiber-reinforced composite material (12), extending along the front-side member (11) and the rear side member (12), and is with them in sandwiched intermediate member (13), the comprising a shock absorbing structure (S1, S2). The intermediate member (13) has a low elongation than the front side member (11), and has a lower strength than front member (11).


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of microwave on dentin of root canal wall.

METHODS
Ten pairs of clinically sound single rooted premolars(totally 30 root canals: 10 teeth had only one calal and 10 had two canals) were collected. The root canals were treated with microwave of different irradiation energy except one canal of the two canal teeth, they were served as controls. The teeth were dissected longitudinally into two parts and prepared for SEM examination.

RESULTS
The microwave of 35 mA irradiated for 3 seconds would not damage the dentin and was safe for clinical usage. But, microwave over 75 mA or with a prolonged irradiation time could damage the dentin of the root canal wall to different extents. The damaged dentin presented incomplete fractures. At the same time, such damage also involved another canal in the same tooth which was not treated with microwave.

CONCLUSION
It is necessary to choose a suitable level of energy and control the irradiation time when a root canal is sterilized by microwave.


Various authors [V. Twersky, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 1314 (1964)], [Keller, Proc. Symp. Appl. Math. 16, 145 (1964)], [Ishmirau, Proc. IEEE 65, 1030 (1977)], [A. J. Devaney, submitted to J. Math. Phys.] have derived a dispersion relation for the propagation of the coherent wave through a medium containing scatterers. The expression involves forward scattering amplitudes. We show how for the case of spherical scatterers this expression can be interpreted in terms of the effective dynamic parameters of a unit spherical cell containing the scatterer. These effective parameters are derived by integrating stresses and strains over the surface of the unit sphere.


Introduction of bills to establish a nationwide Corps of Federal Administrative Law Judges· has rekindled debate over the efficacy of, and need for, the sweepiilg changes which apparently will attend enactment. The bills are endorsed by the Federal Administrative Law Judges Conference (FAUC), a professional association which represents, and admits to membership, all federally-employed ad miilistrative law judges.2 Many of the affected judges believe that no cogent reasons have been advanced that demonstrate a need to establish such a COrpS.3 Principally, the bills are designed to iilsure administrative law judges' decisional iildependence.4 It is asserted, however, that the existiilg statutes and judicial perception of federal administrative law


The workflow in case of software as a service integrates various web services depending on the needs of the user. The same is in the case of the federated ERP (FERP) system, which its functionality is provided from independent providers as web services, which are integrated as a single system against the user enterprises. The composition of FERP web services is carried out by a mediator who is introduced and described as FERP Mall through many previous papers. A FERP Mall aims to cover the needs of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to ERP functionality as integrated web services that are provided from various providers because the conventional ERP systems are mostly expensive for SMEs because of the related needs like high-end hardware, software, and customization. For the intermediation of FERP Web Services, the FERP Mall (as mediator) will provide the appropriate FERP Workflow (Wf). The relevant questions, in this case, are: How to find the appropriate price of each FERP workflow description as a marketable product? And how the mediator will logically determine the workflow reengineering price also when the user enterprise asks him for business process reengineering. Therefore, this paper aims to derive a mathematical model based on a logical analysis of the complexity of this product (Wf definition) because no like this model has been provided in the literature. In contrast, the previous researches focused on the workflow composition methods and technologies, and few of them provided some considered complexity issues. The targeted model can be considered for determining logical prices of workflow modeling and workflow reengineering in case of web services composition as a separate product.


Wireless access networks such as IEEE 802.16 employ a multi-rate physical layer. Such physical layer designs rely on a user-defined link adaptation mechanism that changes the coding and modulation schemes, thus the transmission rate, in order to maintain link reliability at a desired level under different channel conditions. The multirate operation has a significant effect on the fairness of the services provided in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. In this paper, we present methods and algorithms for fair scheduling in such multirate wireless networks. We define fairness in terms of temporal or throughput fair services, and present different methods for fair service provisioning. For this purpose, we first discuss the concepts behind fair scheduling in variable bitrate networks, and then examine a few specific algorithms. We analyze the performance of these algorithms using simulation experiments.


The invention provides a method for manufacturing a Polymer composite for a transducer, comprising the steps of: providing a shape defining element comprising a surface pattern with protruding and recessed portions; providing a liquid polymer component to the surface pattern; solidifying the liquid polymer to form a polymer film, wherein the surface is provided with a copied pattern with the protruding and recessed portions, and depositing a first conductive layer on the copied surface pattern, wherein the conductive layer is shaped by the copied pattern, and the shape defining element is a carrier mesh. Thus, the present invention relates to micromechanical design of a composite substantially modifying its macro-electro-mechanical properties.


This report, from the 300 area of the Hanford Plant, May 31, 1956, describes problems and operation of a vacuum system and associated equipment.


his week, at the SPIE Advanced Lithography conference 2019, imec, a world-leading research and innovation hub in nanoelectronics and digital technologies, demonstrates the positive impact of sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) on the EUVL (extreme ultra-violet lithography) patterning process. This post-lithography technique is shown to significantly reduce stochastic nano-failures and line roughness, contributing to the introduction of EUVL patterning of future nodes". This work integrates recent advancements on metrology and etch, and on material developments, which will be presented in multiple papers at this week's 2019 SPIE Advanced Lithography Conference.


The paper presents the progress registered by the Radionuclide Metrology Laboratory (RML) from IFIN-HH, in improvement of the quality of radiopharmaceuticals activity measurement, and assurance of the whole traceability chain from international level to the national users. The progress in organization of comparisons for radiopharmaceuticals activity measurement is analyzed. A detailed description of two recent national comparisons, and an international one, regarding 131I solutions, within the frame of the IAEA's CRP E2.10.05 "Harmonization of quality practices for nuclear medicine radioactivity measurements" is done, with the analysis of the strong and week points in measurements. The most important outcome of the paper is the analysis of the evolution in quality of comparisons since a previously reported one. At the RML level, the improvements are: demonstration of the international equivalence of primary Romanian activity standard, improvement of the secondary standard, relevance of the comparison within the IAEA frame, implementation of a quality system in standardization and in comparisons, and implication of the RML in calibrations and metrological checks. The participants' reported improvements refer to growing of the awareness in quality of measurement and improvement of the measurement equipment. Reasons for future comparisons organization are presented.


Signalized intersections are critical elements of an urban road transportation system and maintaining these control systems at their optimal performance for different demand conditions has been the primary concern of the traffic engineers. Traffic simulation models have been widely used in both transportation operations and traffic analyses because simulation is safer, less expensive, and faster than field implementation and testing. This study evaluated performance of selected signalized intersections using micro simulation models in Synchro/SimTraffic. Traffic, geometric and signal control data including key parameters with the greatest impact on the calibration process were collected on the field. At 5% significant level, the Chi square test and t-test analyses revealed that headway had a strong correlation with saturation flow compared to speed for both field and simulated conditions. It was concluded that changes in phasing plan with geometric improvement would improve upon the selected signalized intersection's level of service. An interchange therefore should be constructed at Anloga intersection to allow free movement of vehicles thereby minimizing congestion and accident occurrences. Stadium and Amakom signalized intersections should be coordinated to allow as many vehicles as possible to traverse those intersections without any delay.


In this paper, the laser is used as light source and interacted with the solution of milk powder; scattered light-to-transmitted light ratio is used to characterize the milk macromolecules. At first, this paper analyzes the theory of scattered light-to-transmitted light ratio,and a relation model is preliminarily built between the macromolecules and the ratio, then the parameters of the model are fitted through self-made experimental device. The relation model between the fat and protein of milk and the ratio is established.


A Mw 7.7 subduction earthquake occurred on November 14, 2007 in Tocopilla (northern Chile). This region (between 16.5oS and 23.5oS) had been identified as major seismic gap (~1000 km length) since the South Peru (Mw= 9.1, 16 August 1868) and the Iquique (Mw=9.0, 10 May 1877) megathrust earthquakes. This gap was reduced to 500 km after the Arequipa (Mw = 8.3, 23 June 2001) and the Antofagasta (Mw = 8.1, 30 July 1995) earthquakes. We compute interferograms using Envisat ASAR images acquired before and after the Tocopilla earthquake to infer the location, geometry and slip of the rupture. Elastic modeling of this data allows us to infer that the 2007 main rupture extended over an area of ~150 x 60 km2, between 35 and 55 km depth, with a mean displacement of ~ 1.3 m. That means that the Tocopilla earthquake ruptured the deeper part of the seismogenic interface, probably within the transition zone. This earthquake released a little portion of the slip deficit accumulated in the seismic gap during the last 130 years (~ 10m). Hence the Tocopilla event may constitute a precursor of a future large thrust event in the current 500 km seismic gap that continues accumulating elastic strain from 1877.


A new stochastic method for the direct computation of real-time Green's functions is proposed. The inherent sign problem is circumvented by partitioning the path integration info two parts, one of which involves conventional stochastic sampling, and the other explicit or analytical summation. Using this method, the dynamics of the spin-boson model may be computed up to several tunneling periods. The results reveal surprisingly complex relaxation behaviors near the coherent-incoherent boundary at low temperatures


This article introduces BLUR, an electronic corpus of Blues lyrics from the early twentieth century, as a valuable resource for the study of syntactic phenomena in Earlier African American English and investigates the properties and origins of a peculiar construction found in it. The design of the BLUR corpus is presented, and methodological consequences resulting from the nature of the texts are discussed. Subsequently, a few noteworthy syntactic structures documented in it are briefly illustrated. The most challenging of these, a sequence of inchoative verbs (notably begin, start, or commence), the particle to, and a verbal –ing form, as in begin to falling, is then analyzed in some detail, considering syntactic constraints and historical documentation in potentially related varieties, represented by electronic corpora and other sources from Late Middle English to present-day dialects. Based on these findings, a hypothesis on the likely origins and diffusion of this construction is developed.


In this paper, we use a Social Network Analysis method and decision tree analysis to study the distribution and relationship of Noun Phrases in documents and their corresponding abstracts. Initial results have shown significant improvement in extraction based text summarization by applying systematic predictions of the Noun Phrases that appear in both the documents and in their corresponding abstracts.


The global Coronavirus‐2 outbreak has emerged as a significant threat to majority of individuals around the world. The most effective solution for addressing this viral outbreak is through vaccination. Simultaneously, the virus's mutation capabilities pose a potential risk to the effectiveness of both vaccines and, in certain instances, newly developed drugs. Conversely, the human body's immune system exhibits a robust ability to combat viral outbreaks with substantial confidence, as evidenced by the ratio of fatalities to affected individuals worldwide. Hence, an alternative strategy to mitigate this pandemic could involve enhancing the immune system's resilience.


Studies on managing natural resources are currently attracting high interest in research. This is driven by the desire to find solutions to the problems that arise in managing natural resources to meet the needs of human life. Population increase and growth have caused the use of natural resources to be increasingly depleted, even close to scarcity. This research aims to reveal the forms of traditional wisdom of the people of Palembang in managing their natural resources to achieve their food sovereignty. The study was conducted on the people of Palembang City in December 2018. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method based on the analysis of data obtained in the field. The study results show that there is traditional wisdom in Palembang related to utilizing natural resources, including lebak lebung, bekarang iwak, ngaben, culinary pempek, and bekasam. This conventional wisdom is closely related to natural resource management, which increases food sovereignty. Traditional knowledge in Palembang society has two forms which are described as follows. First, local wisdom is in the form of Bekarang Iwak and Lebak Lebung. Conventional wisdom every year is still carried out by the people who live along the river as a form of natural resource management. Second, traditional knowledge in the form of culinary, which plays a role in fulfilling national food needs, namely pempek and bekasam culinary.


The effects of a dynamically oriented therapy on three patients with functional complaints were followed up by means of clinical judgement and by means of the repertory grid technique (G. Kelly). Spec


on effective teaching methods and hands-on learning Engineering Tribology. include first-year programs, hands-on and makerspace leanring, and retention of a diverse student This complete evidence-based practice paper describes the examination of students' perceptions in the development of a First-Year Engineering Design course. Developing effective courses requires inputs from various stakeholders including students. In addition, students' perceptions of courses and their associated activities have been related to students' motivation to pursue and persist in an engineering major. Recognizing the importance of these views, this evidence-based practice paper investigates first year-students' perceptions of an Engineering Design class that is being developed emphasizing the Human-Centered design process. We used the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation to explore the ways students perceived the pilot version of the class. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by means of an online survey. We expect to identify aspects of the class that are both meeting the overall course goals and supporting students' academic motivation as well as aspects of the class that might need improvement according to students' observations. The results of this analysis will help in the ongoing development of the class and ultimately increase the quality of the new course to better support students' academic motivation and success.


The Colombian coffee-growing zone is one of the eco-climatic areas undergoing major impact of human activities in Colombia. It roughly corresponds to the 1000- 2000 m altitudinal range along the Cordilleras, where agriculture is principally based on growing of coffee, plantain and fruits (mainly citrics), and raising cattle. Large and middle-sized towns have grown steadily in the last decades, imposing new pressures on rural lands (e.g. river basin management for water supply, recreational activities), with negative but also potentially positive effects, such as the new conservation demand and the concomitant development of agro-ecotourism. With the general objective of providing scientific bases for environmental managers at the local and national levels, a study of the distribution of biodiversity was undertaken using as indicators two genera that show particular richness at medium to high altitudes: Passiflora (passion fruits) and Vasconcellea (mountain papayas). Geographical records were gathered for 3780 samples from herbaria, genebanks or the field, for 154 Passiflora and 10 Vasconcellea species. The DIVA-GIS and FloraMap software packages were used to produce maps of observed diversity and potential range of each species. Both genera show an altitudinal variation of their diversity, with a peak at intermediate elevations. Potential diversity is highest along the Cordillera Central, in the central coffee zone, and between the Cauca and Huila departments. Other hotspots appear in Antioquia, Tolima, Narino, and the center of Cauca and Cundinamarca departments. With the exceptions of the central coffee zone, these hotspots have been poorly explored by botanists. The overlap between Passiflora and Vasconcellea hotspots underlines the consistency of these first results and constitutes a first validation of our choice of these two important taxa. (Texte integral)


College English teaching is not only teaching language knowledge and the ultimate goal is to foster transcultural communication ability.But this ability should be based on certain language ability and cultural background.So language has a close relationship with culture.


In this paper we present a method to achieve interactive rendering of smooth terrain based on coarse data. Therefore we use adaptive subdivision surfaces which are calculated on the fly by using information from the directed edge based mesh of the previously rendered frame and throwing away triangles not used any longer. This way we are able to gain fast, high quality meshes which are refined depending on the point of view with marginal memory consumption. Additionally, this technique is compatible to traditional data structures like progressive meshes.


The synthesis of asynchronous circuits in self-timed systems from the behavior descriptions in STG had been studied in this paper. The novelty of our proposed method is that the whole synthesis is carried out on STG and thereby maintains the problem size proportional to the signal numbers. In previous works, the state diagram is involved in the synthesis, which has a worst-case size exponential t o the signal number. In our experiment, the low-complexity method can save 14% literals and memory elements from previous works.


The supply system of community public sports services in Changshu City has been basically formed, but the residents are not well-informed about it and their participation is inadequate. And also there are not enough types of facilities to attract residents and quality and maintenance service is to be improved. People ' s awareness of participation should also be strengthened. Therefore, related publicity and education should be promoted, resi dents ' awareness of public sports rights should be strengthened, more importance should be attached to the im provement of facilities and their maintenance to ensure the healthy functioning of the public sports service system.