The fall of the Soviet Union and the end of socialism has come as a surprise but has been hailed nearly all over the world. The failure of the socialist model seems to have shown the superiority of the capitalist approach. The first sentence of Erich Fromms famous work "The Sane Society", written at the end of the Second World War, is not strong enough to stimulate a discussion any longer. It is not less true nowadays than it was some forty years ago: "Nothing is more common than the idea that we, the people living in the Western world of the twentieth century, are eminently sane".


This paper proposes a hybrid decoupled power flow method for balanced power distribution systems with distributed generation sources. The method formulates the power flow equations in active power and reactive power decoupled form with polar coordinates. Second-order terms are included in the active power mismatch iteration, and constant Jacobian and Hessian matrices are used. A hybrid direct and indirect solution technique is used to achieve efficiency and robustness of the algorithm. Active power correction is solved by means of a sparse lower triangular and upper triangular (LU) decomposition algorithm with partial pivoting, and the reactive power correction is solved by means of restarted generalized minimal residual algorithm with an incomplete LU pre-conditioner. Typical distribution generation models and distribution load models are included. The impact of zero-impedance branches is explicitly modeled through reconfiguring of the adjacent branches with impedances. Numerical examples on a sample distribution system with widespread photovoltaic installations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper considers the role journalistic feedback and reflexivity has played in news coverage of the Tasmanian environmental conflict. Here, at the interface of knowledge and action, the dynamics behind journalist-source power relations and increasing challenges to traditional media roles and practices become clearer. The paper isolates three types of reflexivity – media, professional and personal – then attempts to identify the impact on news coverage of the increased flow of journalists into industry and government public relations roles. Overall, it hopes to stress the complexity of cultural, political and social influences, interventions and interplays operating within the news arena.


Based on the analysis of the existing distributed control system of the diesel fuel mixing unit, the imperfection of the control loops of the kerosene fraction, the depressant-dispersant, cetane-increasing and antiwear additives were revealed due to the fact that they do not take into account the quality indicators of commercial diesel fuel if there are in-line analyzers of its characteristics in the automated system. It leads to the need for the operator to participate in the control of the flow rate of these flows. In this regard, the unit was simulated on the basis of experimental and statistical methods, based on the results of which a virtual analyzer of the lubricity of commercial diesel fuel was developed. Proposals have been formulated for the modernization of control loops with the consumption of depressant-dispersant and cetane-increasing additives, kerosene fraction, adjusted for the qualitative characteristics of commercial diesel fuel, as well as the consumption of antiwear additives, corrected according to the results of the readings of the developed virtual analyzer of the lubricity of fuel. Programs for the implementation of modernized control loops in the language of functional blocks of the Centum VP controller have been developed.


Various communication systems have been developed to integrate the haptic channel in digital 8 communication. Future directions of such haptic technologies are moving towards realistic 9 virtual reality applications and human-robot social interaction. With the digitisation of touch, 10 robots equipped with touch sensors and actuators can communicate with humans on a more 11 emotional and intimate level, such as sharing a hug or kiss just like humans do. This paper 12 presents the design guideline, implementation and evaluations of a novel haptic kissing 13 machine for smart phones - the Kissenger machine. The key novelties and contributions of the 14 paper are: (i) A novel haptic kissing device for mobile phones, which uses dynamic 15 perpendicular force stimulation to transmit realistic sensations of kissing in order to enhance 16 intimacy and emotional connection of digital communication; (ii) Extensive evaluations of the 17 Kissenger machine, including a lab experiment that compares mediated kissing with Kissenger 18 to real kissing, a unique haptic Turing test that involves the first academic study of 19 humanmachine kiss, and a field study of the effects of Kissenger on long distance relationships. 20 the unique embodied Imitation 486 Game to investigate the effects of haptic communication in a Turing test. Participants acted as interrogators in 487 the Imitation Game and they had higher odds of winning the game when Kissenger was used during the game 488 with both human and chatbot interlocutors. Lastly, we conducted a one-week trial with real life long distance 489 couples to study the effects of using Kissenger on psychological measures. Couples who used Kissenger for a week 490 experienced a significant increase in relationship satisfaction and decrease in perceived stress levels.


This paper discusses properties of activation functions in multilayer neural network applied to pattern classification. A rule of thumb for selecting activation functions or their combination is proposed. The sigmoid, Gaussian and sinusoidal functions are selected due to their independent and fundamental space division properties. The sigmoid function is not effective for a single hidden unit. On the contrary, the other functions can provide good performance. When several hidden units are employed, the sigmoid function is useful. However, the convergence speed is still slower than the others. The Gaussian function is sensitive to the additive noise, while the others are rather insensitive. As a result, based on convergence rates, the minimum error and noise sensitivity, the sinusoidal function is most useful for both with and without additive noise. The property of each function is discussed based on the internal representation, that is the distribution of the hidden unit inputs and outputs. Although this selection depends on the input signals to be classified, the periodic function can be effectively applied to a wide range of application fields.<<ETX>>


Abstract An algorithm is developed to rapidly estimate cloud properties for a large area from daytime imager data. In this context, a large area refers to a grid cell composed of many imager pixels. The algorithm assumes a gamma distribution to model the subgrid variability in the optical depth and estimates both the mean and the width of the horizontal distribution of optical depth. Optical depth in this study refers to a vertically integrated value at 0.63 μm. Mean values of the cloud-top effective particle radius and cloud-top temperature are also estimated. Retrievals were performed separately for ice and water cloud layers within a grid cell. Applications of this approach to data from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are presented. Simulations indicate that this method performs well for all retrieved parameters except for thin clouds with very broad distributions of optical depth. Comparison of this approach versus rigorous pixel-level retrieval results for an actual scene with...


— The digital image plays a important role in various fields like information forensic , journalism, criminal and forensic investigations ,medical fields etc…Because of the widespread availability and popularity of photo editing tools and software it become easy to modify the images but such modified images become problematic in some areas where the geniuses of image has a prime important and in such fields it become extremely difficult to verify the authenticity and integrity of digital images. Modern software has made the manipulation of photos easier to carry out and harder to uncover than ever before. Therefore there feel a need to find out a forensic technique which will be capable to detect the tampering in modified digital images and to verify images authenticity. This paper reviews the forensic methods for detecting globally and locally applied contrast enhancement, cut-and-paste forgery, histogram equalization, and noise in the digital image .


This thesis is entitled A Study of Voinitsky?s love towards Yeliena and its negative effects on his life in Anton Chekhov?s Uncle Vanya. The thesis writer would like to analyze Voinitsky?s love towards Yeliena and its negative effects on his life. Thus, in doing the analysis the thesis writer uses the theory of characterization and conflict supported by the theory of love. Voinitsky falls in love with Yeliena. He tries to enter Yeliena?s life to get her love, he really adores Yeliena. Staying near Yeliena makes him forget his boring life and Yeliena is the reason for him to face the future. Voinitsky is passionately fond of Yeliena?s beauty. His passion has been aroused since the first time he saw Yeliena on the estate. Voinitsky adores and is obsessed with Yeliena. The passion that Voinitsky has can be considered as infatuation love. However, Yeliena does not love him at all, Yeliena rejects his love. Voinitsky?s passion appears to cause the negative effects. The negative effects of his love toward Yeliena make him hate Yeliena?s husband as a competitor. He loses control and tries to shoot Yeliena?s husband, he lives in illusion and confusion. Finally Yeliena and her husband leave the estate. Yeliena and the professor?s departure makes Voinitsky work harder in order to fill his lonely day.


In 19 central Ontario lakes the catches of crayfish in baited minnow traps usually were well predicted by numbers of crayfish counted in timed underwater searches. Exceptions were lakes with relatively high predator densities, where trap catches were far less than expected from search counts. In a stepwise linear regression, an index of the density of rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) in the lakes was significantly negatively correlated with trapability. Smallmouth and largemouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui and M. salmoides), despite their reputation for consuming crayfish, were not significantly correlated with variations in trapability across lakes, but they reduced trapability and altered crayfish behavior in one lake. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) density was positively correlated with trapability. The predatory basses appear to reduce trapability of crayfish more than they affect crayfish density; high crayfish populations were found in some lakes with dense bass populations. Predator-mediated chan...


Woman, aged 55 History: In 1958, a diagnosis of lupus erythematosus of the face, of four years' standing, was made in the dermatological department. She was treated with chloroquine. She subsequently developed polyneuritis and was referred to the neurological department, where she was started on prednisone. She remained well on this treatment, though there was an occasional trace of albumin in the urine. Towards the end of 1963, she began to notice urinary frequency and in April 1964 tubercle bacilli were found in the urine. A pyelogram showed calcification in the lower pole of the left kidney, with considerable loss of renal substance in this region. The bladder was small. The right kidney, the upper part of the left kidney and the ureters were normal. In June 1964, cystoscopy revealed obvious signs of tuberculosis in the bladder. Its capacity was 250 ml and there was aedematous mucosa on the left lateral and posterior walls, with tubercles and one or two small ulcers. The left ureteric orifice was patent and surrounded by injected mucosa. The right ureteric orifice was normal. A firm diagnosis of renal tuberculosis was therefore made. Anti-tuberculous treatment was given for six months before she was readmitted for definitive surgery in November 1964. By this time her urine had become clear on ordinary microscopic examination. Her blood pressure has remained unchanged at 180/100. It was decided that, in view of the possible risk of continuing pyelonephritis, the left kidney should be explored and the lower half removed, provided the upper half looked and felt normal. At operation, a cyst containing milky fluid was found in the lower pole of the left kidney. Some calcification was associated with it, but there was no connexion between the cyst and the calyces. The rest of the left kidney felt normal. The whole of the lower pole was removed and the upper part of the kidney retained. Sections of the removed kidney tissue showed evidence of chronic pyelonephritis with healed renal tuberculosis. She made satisfactory post-operative progress. She has continued on her maintenance dose of prednisone throughout. When seen in May 1965 she had no urinary symptoms apart from occasional nocturia. The urine contained albumin, some blood cells and a few hyaline casts, and yielded a scanty growth of coliforms on culture. An intravenous pyelogram showed good function in the remaining portion ofthe left kidney.


In chopper amplifiers, the interaction between the input signal and the chopper clock can give rise to intermodulation distortion (IMD). This chopper-induced IMD is mainly due to amplifier delay, which causes large pulses at the output of the amplifier's output chopper. This article proposes the use of a so-called fill-in technique to eliminate these pulses, and thus the resulting IMD, by multiplexing the outputs of two identical amplifiers that are chopped in quadrature. A prototype chopper-stabilized amplifier was implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process. Measurements show that the fill-in technique suppresses chopper-induced IMD by 28 dB, resulting in an IMD of −126 dB for input frequencies near 4 $F_{\mathrm {CH}}$ (=80 kHz). It also improves the amplifier's two-tone IMD (with 79 and 80 kHz inputs) from −97 to −107 dB, which is the same as that obtained without chopping.


A methodology that incorporates variability and reducible sources of uncertainty into the probabilistic and consequence components of risk was developed. The method was applied to the north tunnel of the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. In this assessment, variability and reducible sources of uncertainty were characterized and propagated through the risk assessment models using a Monte Carlo based software package. The results were then manipulated into risk curves at the 5% and 95% confidence levels for both the variability and overall uncertainty analyses, thus distinguishing between variability and reducible sources of uncertainty. In the Yucca Mountain application, the designation of the north tunnel as an item important to public safety, as defined by 10 CFR 60, was determined. Specifically, the annual frequency of a rock fall breaching a waste package causing an off-site dose of 500 mrem (5x10{sup -3} Sv) was calculated. The annual frequency, taking variability into account, ranged from 1.9x10{sup -9} per year at the 5% confidence level to 2.5x10{sup -9} per year at the 95% confidence level. The frequency range after including all uncertainty was 9.5x10{sup -10} to 1.8x10{sup -8} per year. The maximum observable frequency, at the 100% confidence level, was 4.9x10{sup -8}more » per year. This is below the 10{sup -6} per year frequency criteria of 10 CFR 60. Therefore, based on this work, the north tunnel does not fall under the items important to public safety designation for the event studied.« less


THE AUTHOR OUTLINES PROGRESS MADE IN THE FOLLOWING FIELDS: (1) OPERATION OF THE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE; (2) TECHNICAL REGULATIONS; (3) BEHAVIOUR OF ROAD USERS; REGULATIONS, EDUCATION AND SURVEILLANCE; (4) INFORMATION OF THE ROAD USER. SEE ALSO IRRD ABSTRACT NO 106831.


Military consideration had been given top priority by the Japanese policy-makers in formulating policy towards Burma immediately prior to and after the outbreak of the Pacific War. This was evident in their decision to establish military administration in Burma in March 1942, and in granting independence to the Burmese in August 1943. These decisions, however, had an adverse effect for Japan during the war years, since they were largely responsible for turning the Burmese against Japan.


Steam-reforming is the largest process for hydrogen production. In the industry, the reaction between methane and steam are carried out in multitubular catalytic reactors at high temperature, operating at 800-900C. The reaction is reversible and highly endothermic. In this work, a hybrid separation/reaction process for steam-reforming was studied, by using an efficient adsorbent for the removal of CO2 and a commercial catalyst for the steam-reforming reaction aiming to produce higher amount of hydrogen than in conventional process. Two types of adsorbents, carbon molecular sieve (CMS) and hydrotalcites (MG 30, MG 50 and MG 70), were tested. The results showed that hydrotalcites are more suitable than CMS, due the high adsorption capacity and stability at high temperatures (500C). The adsorbents were characterized by mercury porosimeter, BET surface area, micro and mesopore distribution and scanning electron microscopy. The maximum capacity adsorptive was measured (approximately 3.1 mmol/g) by microgravimetric method. The adsorption isotherms at temperatures in the range 150-500C were obtained and they demonstrated to be reversible. The adsorption kinetics was also studied, in temperature range 150 to 450C by microgravimetric method and ZLC method (zero length column). From the ZLC results, it was observed that the kinetics of adsorption is controlled by diffusion in micropores. The average values of Dc/rc in the range temperatures of 150-350C, are in the range (2,1 – 3,8) x 10 s, (1,8 – 2,7) x 10 s and (1,9 – 3,0) x 10 s for the hidrotalcita samples MG 30, MG 50 and MG 70, respectively. The kinetics of the steam reforming was studied, using a commercial catalyst. The evaluation of the proposal of steam-reforming at low temperature in the presence of hydrotalcite was performed. The results showed that the molar ratio CH4:H2O = 1:3 presented better results than in the ratio molar 1:5, considering the hydrogen production. In the hybrid reactor, at short times of reaction, it was measured higher hydrogen production by comparison with the conventional process. The mass ratio catalyst:adsorbent 1:1 presented higher hydrogen production than the mass ratio 1:2 or 2:1. The hybrid reactor had proven to be a possible alternative in the production of hydrogen.


The experimental data for thermophysical properties of ordinary and heavy water vapors, presented in the NIST database [1] in a generalized form, have been analyzed to extract the molecular interaction parameters for small clusters (up to four molecules in a cluster). For this analysis a system of series expansions by powers of the monomer fraction density Dm [2] for total gas Pressure P and Density D was used: P = RT Σ Cn Dm n , C1 = 1; D = Σ n Cn Dm n . Here Cn are equilibrium constants for corresponding cluster fractions with account of the physical and virtual clusters coexistence [3]. To find the Cn (n = 2, 3, 4) we expand the value (D – Dm)/Dm 2 up to the second power. The temperatures are higher the triple point temperature Ttr not more than on 50K for the reason of the C3 (T) and C4 (T) quick falling with T. The power expansion for D (Dm) returns the Cn value differing from the equilibrium constant for real physical cluster due to elastic interactions of clusters with smaller numbers n. These elastic interactions appear as the virtual clusters. In classical theory of chemical equilibrium the elastic interactions are not taken into account because of small values of corresponding constants as compared to the measured equilibrium constants. But in real gases the absolute values of physical and virtual equilibrium constants may be comparable. The pressure dependence of the Internal Energy E (P,T) may be traced via the molar potential energy U = E (P,T) – E0 (T) and the unit volume potential energy UD, where E0 (T) is the zero density Internal Energy. The expansion coefficients Km of the value UD/Dm 2 are the products of the effective bond energies Em+2 by equilibrium constants Cu m+2. For ordinary and heavy Water vapors the dependences Km (Cm+2) are close to linear and


OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus for identifying the attainment of a peak along a signal having amplitude variations with time. The amplitude of the time varying signal is continuously monitored and a measure of its amplitude is stored in a measuring device. The instantaneous value of the signal is continuously compared to the stored signal plus and minus a fixed bias signal. When the input signal is more than the stored signal plus the bias, a new measure for the stored signal is produced representing the value of the input signal. When the stored signal plus the bias is more than the input signal and a subsequent measure of the input signal minus the bias is less than the stored signal, a peak in the input signal is identified. The identification of a peak causes the last stored quantity to be transmitted to a print er to be identified as a peak on the time varying signal. This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 256,064, filed Feb. 4, 1963, now abandoned. This invention relates to a method and apparatus for identifying amplitude peaks along a continuous signal having amplitude variations with time. More particularly the invention relates to a method and apparatus for auto matically generating signals representative of identified peak values along a first continuous time varying signal and concurrently generating a signal representative of the value of a second time varying signal at the time of identification of a peak in said first signal. In the various arts where continuous signals represent ing different scientific phenomena are observed and studied, it is usually the specific events and the values within the continuous signals that are of importance to the observer. Generally it is desired to provide a permanent record of these specific events or values for future reference or for study. Quite often, interrelated values of two continuous signals represent the significant scientific information that the observer seeks to determine. One example of an ob servation of continuous signals representing scientific in formation is found in the art of mass spectrometry where in qualitative and quantitative values representing various materials within a sample may be determined. In a mass spectrometer, a gaseous sample under analysis is ionized and then subjected to controlled electrostatic and/or elec tromagnetic fields. The ionized gas is focused into a beam and then manipulated by the controlled fields. By vary ing one or both of the electrostatic or electromagnetic fields, ion beams having a particular mass to charge ratio (M/C) can be focused to strike a collector appropriately positioned in the path of the ionized beams. The ions strik ing the collector cause an electrical current to flow from the collector and that current will vary in accordance with the intensity of the beams striking the collector. The magnitude of the electrical current flowing from the col lector fluctuates between peaks and valleys with the peak heights within the continuous signal representing the quantities of ions at various mass charge ratios. A coin cident value of the variation in the controlled fields may be used to identify the mass of the particular ions striking the collector and causing the electrical current. Selected O


Patches of transverse finger bars have been identified in the surf zone of Noordwijk
beach (Netherlands). They consisted of three to nine elongated accumulations of sand
attached to the low-tide shoreline. The bars extended up to 50 m into the inner surf zone,
had an oblique orientation with respect to the shore-normal, and were quasiregularly
spaced in the alongshore direction.


Advanced composite materials have proven to be effective in enhancing the load carrying capacity and to extend the fatigue life of structural elements. Most studies have relied extensively on experimental testing and numerical simulations. It is important to develop some efficient analytical methods for predicting the fatigue behaviour of the composites repaired structures. This paper presents one analytical model for estimating the fatigue crack growth and fatigue life of two-side patched steel plates. This analytical model was verified by comparisons with experimental results.


I an early, instructive ethnographic vignette, anthropologist Vaibhav Saria, who is living with a community of hijras (commonly referred to as a "third gender" in India), describes a conversation with an interlocutor who has just returned from conducting sex work along a local highway in eastern India. Nandita, a poor hijra, ecstatically shows off a used condom and proclaims she "finally ate Saajan" (8). Amid peals of laughter and jubilation, Nandita empties the contents of the condom into her mouth, momentarily consuming her lover's semen before spitting it back into the condom. The hijra swallows and spits her lover's semen repeatedly, declaring, "I want his smell in my mouth, so that I can smell him every time I breathe. It's like perfume..." (8). Attuned to such intimate, intricate scenes of pleasure and desire, alongside the wider sensorium of affective labors and longings, Saria's ethnography skillfully traces the textures and tapestries that make "the fullness of hijra lives in India" (1). Drawing on 24 months of living and traveling with hijras between 2008 and 2019—including 16 continuous months of fieldwork in Bhadrak and Kalahandi, two of eastern India's poorest districts— Saria traces fraught webs of kinship, sexual fields of fantasy and fucking, libidinal attachments and gendered labors, as well as everyday struggles and quotidian pleasures. The author grounds his vital analysis in a decolonial critique of global public health, which both singles out hijras as biopolitical mascots for spreading information about safe sex and casts hijras' own quests for survival and sexual desire as stigma-ridden, dangerous, and incommensurable with the normative goals of global health practice.


Hilary Putnam and Bas C. van Fraassen have been two pivotal figures in the scientific realism debate in the second half of the twentieth century. Their initial perspectives were antithetical – defining an archetypical scientific realist position (Putnam) and a major empiricisminspired alternative to scientific realism (van Fraassen). But as the years (and the philosophical debates) went on, there have been important lines of convergence in the stances of these two thinkers, mostly motivated by an increasing flirtation with pragmatism and by a growing disdain towards metaphysics. Putnam's views went through two major turns, in a philosophical journey he aptly described as taking him 'from realism back to realism' (1994, 494). Being an archscientific realist in the 1960s and the early 1970s, he moved to a trenchant critique of metaphysical realism and the adoption of a verificationist'internalist' approach (what he called pragmatic or internal realism), which he upheld roughly until the end of the twentieth century. Then he adopted a direct realist outlook, what


At the moment, issues that affect the effectiveness of credit institutions are very relevant and important. In the article the authors disclosed the essence of the financial market. In conditions of instability in the financial market, it is necessary to maintain performance indicators at a high level. Because efficiency refers to the main economic indicators that are used to analyze the activities of credit institutions. The article examines the effectiveness of Russian credit institutions. The Russian Federation seeks to form dynamically developing credit institutions, as well as to raise the importance of issues of performance management of credit institutions in the financial market as a whole. The main components of the efficiency of banks' activities have been identified. Particular attention is paid to the indicators of profitability and profitability. In the article the authors indicate the main financial institutions. The functioning of these credit institutions allows solving a number of significant social and economic tasks. The authors developed recommendations on improving credit institutions in the financial market. The recommended justifications allow to perceive the effectiveness of the activity of credit institutions as financial results. The article shows the dynamics of growth in the profitability of the bank, using the example of АО "Rosselkhozbank". The results of the research broaden knowledge of the improvement of the financial market as a whole.


A numerical investigation has been performed to study the combined heat and mass transfer occurring during a film-wise condensation of methanol vapour in the presence of a non-condensable gas (air) flowing downward inside a vertical tube. Both liquid and gas stream are approached by two coupled laminar boundary layer. An implicit finite difference method is employed to solve the coupled governing equations for liquid film and gas flow together with the interfacial matching conditions, Full set of the liquid-vapour interface conditions was established to connect the liquid and the mixture region by the continuity of velocity, mass flux, and temperature and heat flux. The effect of the influencing parameters are studied so the effect of inlet Reynolds number, the effect of temperature are illustrated.


Although there may be topical elements in descriptions about senatorial debt in the first century BC, the phenomenon does appear to have been historical. This study attempts to trace the origin of long-standing senatorial debts and how senators may have been affected by the lex Sulpicia of 88 BC. This legislation targeted elite indebtedness by regulating at an extremely low level future allowable debt by senators, which effectively disqualified current members of the oligarchy from office. Had the law been successful, it is possible that Sulpicius and his supporters intended replacing incumbent senators with a new membership drawn from the equestrian order.


Conventional differential GPS (DGPS) systems operate on the principle that the two main error sources (i.e., the satellite ephemeris and the atmospheric delay) are spatially correlated. Pseudorange measurements made at precisely located reference stations are compared with corresponding ranges computed from the known coordinates, and the errors derived are transmitted as differential corrections for application by DGPS users within range. The drawback of such systems is the limited range over which the differential corrections are valid, due to the rapid decorrelation of the error sources with increasing distance from the reference station to the user.

This research and development study has led to the development of a wide-area DGPS (WADGPS) system design, which will generate corrections for users over a large portion of the earth. The system is based on a limited number of reference stations, which are sufficient to spatially model the ephemeris and atmospheric errors. The resulting corrections have been found to lead to accuracies comparable to those obtained by conventional DGPS, with no dependence on the distance between the user and reference sites.


The algorithm for calculating the values of daily menu portions of dishes in accordance with certain standards is constructed. This is consumption' standards of a given set of controlled essential substances contained in food. Such substances in this work include macronutrients -proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as micronutrients-vitamins A, B1, B2, C, PP, carotene and the elements – sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron. The features of the resulting computational problems associated with the fact that the daily consumption of macronutrients and micronutrients differs in weight by 4-5 orders of magnitude are investigated. To analyze the quality of the computational conditionality for the problem of determining the size of a dish portion, spectral portraits of the dishes nutrient composition matrices are used. The portraits show us the accuracy of calculating the matrix spectrum depending on the accuracy of the matrix elements. Such portraits are built for typical menus without specific exceptions for a conditionally healthy person and for a vegetarian. A comparative analysis of the corresponding nutrient matrices is carried out. An algorithm for selecting dishes and calculating the values of their portions, which is stable for macronutrients, is proposed. It is shown that when the planning horizon increases, the average daily calculated consumption of micronutrients approaches to the recommended standards of the Ministry of health. It is estimated the rate of convergence on micronutrients depending on the menu type.


In this paper the author propose a fast and efficient algorithm for multilook K-distribution parameter estimation. It is base on the approximate inverse function of log(ν) − ψ(ν), which is calculated by the least squares nonlinear curve fitting technique. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this new algorithm.


In software engineering, The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is generally used as the de facto standard notation for modeling in the analysis and the design of the object oriented software systems. As known, throughout the modeling phase, the structural and behavioral elements go together, because they have complementary relationship in the understanding of systems architecture. However, structural analysis has always attracted the interest of designers more than the behavioral analysis, due to its prominent role in the code generation processes. This vision influenced the computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools and the model-driven engineering (MDE) approach. As a result, by using CASE tools and taking up MDE approach as it is, the obtained code artefacts are incomplete and become the developers responsibility. Therefore, the model's abstraction is broken, which leads to a paradoxical situation while adopting model-driven development. To cope with this challenge, the purpose of our paper is to bring balance to the design stage by integrating the behavioral analysis into the code generation processes, in order to empower and promote delivering applications without the need for hand coding.


3620 Background: The incidence and mortality of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as CRC diagnosed prior to age 50, are rising, in contrast to declining rates of average onset CRC (AOCRC). Epidemiologic trends for CRC appear to differ by race/ethnicity, which could be related in part to underlying differences in tumor mutation and gene expression. Previous research has used self-reported race/ethnicity categories, which has been shown to be missing or inaccurate, particularly in highly admixed groups such as Black and Hispanic patients. Hence, we examined tumor profiles of EOCRC and AOCRC using genetic ancestry. Methods: Genetic ancestry was inferred from de-identified data of 1,443 and 3,315 patients with EOCRC and AOCRC, respectively, who underwent tumor profiling with the Tempus xT NGS 648-gene panel and targeted RNAseq. Ancestry informative markers were used to estimate likelihoods for the five continental groups defined in the 1000 Genomes Project: Africa (AFR), Americas (AMR), East Asia (EAS), Europe (EUR), and South Asia (SAS). We assessed the association of genetic ancestry proportions (per 10% increase in each ancestry proportion) with presence of protein altering somatic mutations in key driver genes in CRC. We also assessed interactions between onset age (EOCRC vs. AOCRC) and genetic ancestry in somatic mutations. Results: Across all ages, African ancestry was associated with higher odds of mutations in APC and KRAS and lower odds of BRAF mutations (Table). East Asian ancestry was associated with higher odds of mutations in NTRK3 and TP53. For EOCRC, the association between KRAS and African ancestry remained significant (OR 1.07, p=0.04). Furthermore, there was an interaction (p=0.031) between onset age and race/ethnicity such that the association between African ancestry and APC mutation was significant in AOCRC (OR=1.09) but not EOCRC (OR=1.00). Conclusions: The use of genetic ancestry instead of categorical race/ethnicity provides a more quantitative and precise profile of shared genetic background that can underlie biological race differences in CRC cancer etiology and outcomes. [Table: see text]


To the Editor: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Geriatrics Society argue that comprehensive geriatric training should occur as soon, and as often, as possible in medical education. However, opportunities and resources for this training can vary, and first-year residents can arrive with a variety of previous experiences and attitudes toward older adults and to geriatric medicine itself. Exposure to "well elderly adults" through outpatient Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments (CGAs) has been used to counteract and balance exposure to the acuity of medical problems often seen in older hospitalized adults. But within the rotation system, some interns will inevitably experience these geriatric interventions later in the year than others. Although the positive effect of CGAs with "well elderly adults" on knowledge and attitudes is better known, much less is known about the timing of these interventions as a factor affecting their educational effect. The Columbia Cooperative Aging Program (CCAP) was developed within a required geriatrics rotation to expose internal medicine interns to interdisciplinary CGAs, and the initial evaluation of CCAP showed better attitudes and greater knowledge within each rotation after the intervention. Variations in outcomes appeared between rotations, and the goal of the current study was to explore the effect of the timing of the interventions (earlier or later in the year) on knowledge and attitudes toward older adults during this critical year of training.


Uniform tetrahedral and fiber-like crystalline sulfates of [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ polyoxocations were synthesized via a direct mixing and aging route. XRD patterns reveal that tetrahedral and fiber-like crystalline Al13 sulfates are cubic and monoclinic structure, respectively. SEM and Optical Scanning (OS) images show that the size of tetrahedral crystalline Al13 sulfates prepared via a direct mixing way is 150~200 μm, which is almost 10 times larger than that via traditional titration way (15~25 μm). The size of the fiber-like crystalline Al13 sulfates is 0.5~1 μm in diameter and up to 1 000 μm in length. A possible crystal growth mechanism for the tetrahedral crystalline Al13 sulfates is discussed.


Pyralidae and Crambidae are the families that comprise the superfamily Pyraloidea with about 16,000 species worldwide. Within Crambidae, the Midilinae s...


Title: A qualitative multiple case study investigating information exchange at lung cancer consultations. Background: Effective information exchange is an asset to effective lung cancer care. Although a considerable body of evidence informs the approaches to 'diagnostic bad news delivery', the exchange of information that takes place between patients with cancer and professionals with whom they interact thereafter is less well documented. Information exchange has an influential role throughout the lung cancer care continuum, providing patients and professionals with details relative to the cancer diagnosis and the subsequent choices to be made in its management. Information on disease extent, treatment and related side-effects, rehabilitation and prognosis are judged by patients as the most prominent for them. Despite awareness of the specific categories relevant to information exchange needs, there is little evidence available exploring the information exchange process, per se, within cancer generally and even less within the lung cancer context. Aim: To investigate information exchange processes during lung cancer consultations, specifically exploring information content which is both exchanged and not exchanged. Design: Qualitative, multiple case study design. Methods: A case centred on a patient with lung cancer. Within the case were the patients, the health professionals they consulted with and accompanying companions. Seven cases were recruited, which included 12 companions. Data were collected in outpatient clinics between 2010 and 2011. Data were digital recordings of consultations; debrief interviews immediately post-consultation and later in-


The use of cloprostenol ("Fstrumate", I.C.I), a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F ₂ᵪ for the induction of oestrus and ovulation was studied in 23 lactating swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). A dose of 250 or 500μg cloprostenol was administered as a single intramuscular injection between day 5 and 14 of the oestrous cycle. Oestrus occurred 82±8.2 hr. (25Oμg) or 81±10.7 hr (500μg)after cloprostenol treatment in 21 of 23 cows treated. The induced oestrus was followed by ovulation and corpus luteum development in every animal. The pregnancy rate was 48 per cent for the service at the induced oestrus. However, in the absence of control data no conclusions can be drawn on the effects of cloprostenol on fertility.


The use of Blockchain is becoming a matter of increasing importance, yet the software development industry has not given Blockchain adoption enough consideration. As a result of their inability to modify their software process within the project life cycle, many software development companies struggle to [adopt Blockchain technology. This is because Blockchain Oriented Software (BOS) and its projects have distinctive characteristics that are distinct from traditional software and projects. The constructs and their items to adopt Blockchain in Software development industry have not been identified or investigated. This study aimed to identify technological, organizational, and environmental constructs and their items to adopt Blockchain. Utilizing a quantitative validation approach, 10 interviews and 25 assessment questionnaires were analyzed. The results reveal the identified technological, organizational, and environmental constructs and their items to adopt Blockchain. Experts unanimously agreed with Content Validity Ratio (CVR) results. According to most evaluation questionnaire forms and interview transcripts, the top technological construct was "Trialability" and the top organizational construct was "Cost" while the top environmental construct was "Market Dynamics." All other constructs and their items were applicable, as indicated by most evaluation questionnaire forms and interview transcripts. This research gives a comprehensive list of technological, organizational, and environmental constructs and their items that demand the attention of Blockchain adoption researchers and industry players in the software development sector.


Objective To establish a chronic hypertensive glaucoma model by two types of laser photocoagulation in rhesus monkeys and to evaluate the related biological characteristics in the model eyes. Methods\ Laser photocoagulation was applied to 15 adult rhesus monkeys by semiconductor frequency doubled 532 laser and argon laser. The laser spot was aimed at the entire 360° functional trabecular meshwork using goniolens. A sonoscan,Heidelberg retinal tomograph and retinal flowmeter were used to examine the topographic and blood flow parameters of the globe and optic disc in seven model eyes and control eyes. Results At the fourth week after initial pressure elevation, the average intraocular pressure was 48 4±10 3 mmHg in eyes of frequency doubled 532?nm laser group and 44 2±7 0 mmHg in the argon laser group. There was no significant difference between the successful rates of three times photocoagulation obtained in the two groups. Compared with the control eyes, there were very significant differences of cup shape measure, cup area, cup/disc area ratio, rim area and mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the model eyes, except for the disc area. There were also significant differences of axial length and anterior chamber depth between them. There was no significant difference of the volume, flow and velocity between the model eyes and control eyes. Conclusions\ Both the two types of laser photocoagulation successfully induced chronic hypertensive glaucoma model in rhesus monkey eyes. Compared with the control eyes, the model eyes present characteristic glaucomatous morphological changes.


As the demand for user privacy grows, controlled data removal (machine unlearning) is be-coming an important feature of machine learning models for data-sensitive Web applications such as social networks and recommender systems. Nevertheless, at this point it is still largely unknown how to perform efficient machine unlearning of graph neural networks (GNNs); this is especially the case when the number of training samples is small, in which case unlearning can seriously compromise the performance of the model. To address this issue, we initiate the study of unlearning the Graph Scattering Transform (GST), a mathematical framework that is efficient, provably stable under feature or graph topology perturbations, and offers graph classification performance comparable to that of GNNs. Our main contribution is the first known nonlinear approximate graph unlearning method based on GSTs. Our second contribution is a theoretical analysis of the computational complexity of the proposed unlearning mechanism, which is hard to replicate for deep neural networks. Our third contribution are extensive simulation results which show that, compared to complete retraining of GNNs after each removal request, the new GST-based approach offers, on average, a 10 . 38x speed-up and leads to a 2 . 6% increase in test accuracy during unlearning of 90 out of 100 training graphs from the IMDB dataset (10% training ratio).


4 Conservation status Least Concern 5 Reasons for listing Although this species is patchily distributed through apparently suitable habitat (suggesting fragmentation of a once more continuous range), it has disappeared from less than 50% of its known former range, and an isolated sub-population has been discovered recently. There are too many sub-populations and the total population is too large for the species to be considered Vulnerable.


The passive drag control concept, consisting of a porous surface with a cavity beneath it, was investigated with a 12-percent-thick circular arc and a 14-percent-thick supercritical airfoil mounted on the test section bottom wall. The porous surface was positioned in the shock wave/boundary layer interaction region. The flow circulating through the porous surface, from the downstream to the upstream of the terminating shock wave location, produced a lambda shock wave system and a pressure decrease in the downstream region minimizing the flow separation. The wake impact pressure data show an appreciably drag reduction with the porous surface at transonic speeds. To determine the optimum size of porosity and cavity, tunnel tests were conducted with different airfoil porosities, cavities and flow Mach numbers. A higher drag reduction was obtained by the 2.5 percent porosity and the 1/4-inch deep cavity.


The utility model relates to a remote line unmanned aerial vehicle charging station that patrols of electric power, including the guard box, the platform charges, get electric installation and battery, the guard box is installed on the electric power tower of high -voltage line, the guard box includes the box, the case lid, motor and telescopic link, the case lid lid closes on the opening of box upper end, all set up a motor on the both sides inner wall of box, the one end of connecting the telescopic link on the motor, the other end top of telescopic link is on the case lid, the case lid drives the flexible of telescopic link through the motor and opens and be closed, charge platform installation on the inner wall of the bottom of box, it is equipped with two recesses that are parallel to each other on the platform to charge, the groove face of recess is the arcwall face, be equipped with the sheetmetal that charges in two recesses, get the one end of electric installation and connect high -voltage line or solar cell panel, the interface that charges of battery is connected to the other end, the sheetmetal that charges in two recesses is connected respectively to the interface that discharges of battery.


At temperatures higher than 400 degree(s)C the decrease of aluminum coated fiber strength due to interaction between glass and aluminum was observed. The rate of this decrease appears to depend on the interface between glass and metal. The influence of atmosphere above the metallizer at the application of a metal coating by the freezing method was investigated. Some decrease of the initial bending strength, yet longer lifetime at high temperatures, have been observed for fibers sealed in atmosphere containing oxygen, which can create an alumina layer between silica glass and aluminum. In order to exclude the chemical reaction between silica and aluminum, an intermediate layer of carbon was applied during the fiber drawing. Results of the carbon coating influence on strength and lifetime of aluminum coated fibers at high temperatures are presented.


Analysis of the processes, kinetics, and microstructures that characterize porphyroblast crystallization identifies the primary factors that govern the progress of metamorphic reactions and highlights the importance of feedbacks among those factors. Commonly, the kinetics of nucleation and the kinetics of intergranular diffusion are rate-limiting in porphyroblast crystallization. That finding should inspire petrologic vigilance, as it implies strong potential for significant thermal overstepping of reactions, crystallization at high levels of chemical affinity, reactions that span protracted intervals of time and temperature, and limited length scales for chemical equilibration.


The use of a commercial Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is integrated into an Industrial Engineering (IE) curriculum. The ERP system, a business information system that considers all facets of a business, provides an integrated presentation that is needed to emphasize the connections and balances of fragmented topics. It also creates an active-learning environment that uses the appropriate technology. In addition, the integration simulates real employment and addresses many industrial concerns. Teaching the industry's needs to students and introducing them to a state-of-the-art ERP system can pave the way for their future development.


The periodicity of the high-latitude solar activity has been studied using monthly-averaged polar facula counts obtained at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) and the annual number of polar faculae observed by Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO). The complex Morlet wavelet was utilized to analyze the periodicity, in the two data sets. For the NAOJ and MWO data, the most eminent period is 10.89 and 10.48 years. respectively. which is the Schwabe period of the high-latitude solar activity. All possible periods detected at the low-latitude solar activity were also detected in the two data sets, and we found no distinct periods existing just in the two data Sets of the hi-h-latitude solar activity. The periodicity of the high-latitude solar activity is inferred to be the same as that of the low-latitude solar activity.


The study was undertaken to find out the efficacy of Presynch protocol in terms of estrus induction and conception rate in postpartum dairy cows. Total twelve dairy cows with 40-60 postpartum days cyclic cows from 2 nd to 4 th lactation were selected. All selected cows were divided into two groups comprising six cows in each group. In Group-I cows received Presynch protocol and fixed timed A.I. at 18 to 20 hrs. was carried out. In Group-II cows were kept as untreated and inseminated after detected estrus. The first service conception rate was recorded on day 60 post insemination. The percent induced estrus response recorded in Presynch group was 83.33 and control group 66.66 percent within 110 days postpartum, respectively. The first service conception rate was observed in Presynch and control group were 50 and 25%, respectively. The first service conception rate was observed higher in Presynch group than control group. The mean haemoglobin level on day of estrus observed in study was significantly higher (P< 0.05) as compared to day 0. The mean packed cell volume percentage and DLC count showed non-significant difference at different time interval while eosinophil count showed significant decreased (P<0.05) at the time of estrus as compared to day of selection (day 0). The mean serum calcium, phosphorus and total protein level showed non-significant difference but increases numerically after '0' day, whereas the mean serum BUN level showed non-significant difference at different time interval but decreases numerically after '0' day.


In several papers I have set forth the results of investigations into the second great type of chronic arthritis, 1 which may be thus recapitulated: It is a chronic form of arthritis recognized roentgenographically and post mortem by the presence of cartilaginous and bony outgrowths at the margins of the articular cartilages, at or about the lines of attachment of the capsule. It is very frequent in its occurrence, wide in its distribution, and of ancient origin. Skeletons unearthed in Egypt by archeologists show its characteristic changes. It is known under various names. The Germans, who in modern times first established its clinical identity, call it arthritis deformans; the English call it osteo-arthritis; Goldthwait called it hypertrophic arthritis; Nichols and Richardson called it degenerative arthritis. This is the senile arthritis of some writers, the "chronic rheumatism" of the elderly. When it occurs in the terminal interphalangeal joints of the hands,


Traditionally one of the basic functions of public libraries has been to facilitate learning. The question is how this function could be or ought to be interpreted. In this essay the concept of the open learning centre is used to probe the library's proper role in fostering the motivation for learning and in supporting learning efforts. The fruitfulness of the concept will be demonstrated and its implications explored


The Raman spectra of liquid CH3CHO and CH3CDO were obtained photo-electrically and depolarization ratios measured. Infrared spectra of the vapors and solids were also obtained. A vibrational assignment is given and the spectra correlated. The vibrational spectra of the acetyl halides reported in the literature are also correlated.


In an effort to aid the reopening of workplaces and curb the spread of COVID‐19 in the workplace, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States of America issued a set of guidelines for COVID‐19. While the importance of these measures has been touted, studies focusing on antecedents of compliance with workplace safety guidelines, including those of COVID‐19, are at a nascent stage. The current research draws on social cognitive theory to investigate the effect of psychological entitlement on adherence to COVID‐19 workplace safety protocols. Specifically, the present study proposes that psychological entitlement increases one's tendency for moral disengagement, which subsequently reduces compliance with COVID‐19 workplace safety protocols. Consistent with social cognitive theory, the study further proposes moral identity as a conditional moderator in mitigating the proposed relationships. The current study finds general support for the hypothesized moderated mediation model by employing multi‐wave data collected from various organizations in the United States (N = 351). Theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed.


Two kinds of fiber optic vibration sensors for civil structure vibration monitoring are proposed in this paper. The first is based on the detection of spatial mode speckle of a multi-mode optical fiber. A multi-mode optical fiber, diameter is 200/230 micrometers , is used in the present experiment. The second method uses an e-core two-mode optical fiber. The experiment on a composite beam with an embedded statistical fiber optic sensor and surface mounted e-core two-mode fiber optic sensor are demonstrated. The experimental results show that the two types of the fiber optic vibration sensor have higher sensitivity compared to piezoelectric sensors along with other benefits of fiber optic sensor, including lower cost.


In the paper,the determination of Diphenyl Diphenyl ether in air and waste air is studied by gas chromatography The gas sample is absorbed by Aluminum Oxide,CS 2 is used for eluate, determinating by FID The method has good precision(CV are:diphenyl 12 4%,diphenyl ether 10 6%;recoveries are:diphenyl 86 6%~100%,diphenyl ether 88 6%~95 7%) Low limit(diphenyl 0 056mg/m 3,diphenyl ether 0 044mg/m 3) The method has many advantage: simple,quick exact


Testicular cancer and male infertility are male reproductive health problems that have increased in frequency in the past few decades. Our article examines the relationship between these two disease states, focusing particularly on those causal mechanisms that link the two. Genetic mechanisms, including mutations in the SRY and p53 genes, as well as persistent oxidative stress, have been associated with both of these diseases. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have also been implicated in the aetiology of both infertility and testicular cancer. The shared aetiology of these two disease states is strongly indicative of a link between male infertility and testicular cancer. While future research will undoubtedly strengthen the relationship between them, the current knowledge on this subject makes a persuasive case for careful consideration of this link when clinicians are making treatment decisions for patients with infertility or testicular cancer.


Discusses the differences between technologists and policy makers. Technologists want solutions; policy makers want consensus. Explores how this impacts policy decisions involving technological development.


Analysis of source and cash usage is basically an analysis performed to see cash flow that occurs within the company during certain period, both cash inflows and outflow cash flow. Cash flow (source of funds) and cash outflows (use of funds). Analysis of sources and use of cash will be known the structure of corporate financing in the period concerned, so it can know the accuracy (effectiveness) in the use of cash. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the source and use of cash on CV.Griya Indah Sejahtera increased or decreased in 2014 until 2016. The purpose of this study to determine and analyze the increase and decrease of sources and cash usage in CV Griya Indah Sejahtera in year 2014 through 2016. Analysis tool in this research is comparison analysis on balance sheet and profit / loss then make classification of source and use of cash, then make report of source and use of cash. Research shows that the amount of cash (cash resources) in CV.Griya Indah Sejahtera Tenggarong 2014 period decreased by Rp -202.168.046, -, Year 2015 reduced by Rp - 41,711,416, - and in the period 2016 reduced Rp -18.241. 400, -. Thus, there has been a shortage of cash during the analysis period from 2014 to 2016, due to the greater amount of funds used to finance the operations of the company than the cash sources obtained, so that any cash receipts and management should be made good. Hence the hypothesis in this study is accepted.


This essay argues that More's Epigrammata contains a coherent political theory that is inspired by ancient Roman republicanism. More defines "liberty" as the people's willing obedience to virtuous leaders who rule for the common good, and he claims that popular opinion is the source of legitimacy rather than divine sanction. In doing so, More critiques the Tudor regime and presents an alternative theory of kingship based on his understanding of liberty. However, More also criticizes hereditary monarchy as such and explicitly prefers a republican regime of elected men who share authority among equal peers. This republican regime more effectively promotes the common good, but it depends upon virtue in the rulers and in the citizens. More's satirical epigrams on virtue and vice are part of his political teaching insofar as they establish his conception of citizen virtue, which supports his republicanism.


The long-billed corella has adapted to the loss of its native foods by incorporating into its diet plants which were introduced to Australia by the European colonists. Analyses of the contents of crops and proventriculi from 314 long-billed corellas which were collected during a period of almost 7 years in western Victoria indicated that, on a volume basis, more than 90% of the diet is now composed of cereal grains, sunflower and thistle seeds, and the corms of an introduced weed (onion grass, Romulea spp.).


India and Israel have engaged themselves in advanced military and strategic partnerships which are modernizing and improving from time to time. Both partner states have initiated cooperation in many areas such as space, cyberspace, and many other areas of defense. The Indian space program in partnership with Israel is acquiring modern means and it will give the Indian military, a dominant position in the conflict-prone region of South Asia where the Indian hegemony is challenged by Pakistan. The intelligence sharing and modernizing of the Indian military will help India to acquire advanced technology for the contemporary combat environment. This paper argues that India already enjoys superiority in South Asia and Indo-Israel strategic partnership will create a strategic imbalance. Moreover, this strategic imbalance will compel Pakistan to look for countermeasures.


ABSTRACTSince the introduction of the three-dimensional imaging technique, significant improvements have been undertaken. With the development of computer technology, calculation times become shorter and the software becomes more sophisticated. In the initial years, three-dimensional ultrasound allowed the production of only still volumes. Thus, scans only represented one single moment within the total examination. Serial re-scanning is one of the newest developments in three-dimensional ultrasound. In the volume-rendering mode, still imaging now may be replaced by three-dimensional ultrasound 'movies'. This technique may also be called four-dimensional ultrasound' or live three-dimensional ultrasound'. However, a frame rate of about 10 frames per second would be necessary to bring this technique to 'real-time' mode. Possible applications in prenatal diagnosis are examinations of the fetal extremities, fetal face and may be fetal behavior. Among the many advantages of four-dimensional ultrasound, improvem...


Large, unwieldy classes are a significant maintenance problem. Programmers dislike them because the fundamental logic is often obscured, making them hard to understand and modify. This paper proposes a solution - a semi-automatic technique for splitting large classes into smaller, more cohesive ones. The core of the technique is the use of betweenness clustering to identify the best way of partitioning a class. This turned a tedious manual process into a quick and simple semi-automated one in roughly one third of the cases we examined.


This note discusses two Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption variants introduced by Abdalla and Pointcheval at Financial Cryptography' 05. Those authors introduce two new problems and associated assumptions called the Chosen-Basis Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption #1 (CDDH1), and the Chosen-Basis Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption #2 (CDDH2), and suggest that these assumptions warrant further analysis. The problems are each defined in terms of a formal experiment, and advantage function, and the assumption is that an adversary should have negligible advantage. However, in this note, we exhibit a simple adversary for each problem, such that the advantage is significant. These new assumptions were motivated by the requirements of a proof of security for a three-party password authentication scheme described by the same authors. We conclude that the level of security assurance provided by this scheme is an open question.


To characterize the electrical properties of arbitrarily shaped small graphene flakes in a direct way, a kind of cleavage-based micro four probe (C-M4P) is developed and a finite element analysis (FEA)-aided approximation method is subsequently proposed. The cleavage process is put forward in the manufacturing of C-M4Ps, which fulfills the releasing of the C-M4P in an ingenious manner. Specifically, we investigate the cleavage process based on simulation and the scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Furthermore, the FEA-aided approximation method brings new insight into the conductivity characterization of arbitrarily shaped small graphene flakes when the geographic correction factor is non-negligible but complicated to figure out. The electrical properties of monolayer graphene flakes applied with back gate voltage are detected by the C-M4P and analyzed through the FEA-aided approximation method, which are proved to be competent for small graphene flake characterization.


In 1911 H. Kammerlingh Onnes made one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th Century: Superconductivity. He observed that, mysteriously, the resistivity of Mercury (Hg) below 4.2 K was zero (using for that liquid Helium, for which he had developed before a way of liquidizing). In the following years, an intensive research was done on this area, which gave rise to the discovery of the most important properties of these materials:


Drainage of peatlands for forestry causes the water level to draw down, which results in subsidence of peat surface and increased peat bulk density (Db). Later on, an accelerated rate of organic matter decomposition and the pressure of the growing tree stand further compacts the peat. We measured the peat Db (0n80 cm) in 180 undrained and 209 drained (ca. 60-year-old) peatland sites representing three nutrient levels of pine fens and five macroclimatic regions from southern to northern Finland. Db was affected by climatic conditions, nutrient status, and the tree stand volume of the site. Db was significantly higher in drained than in undrained sites in all regions and site types: the mean (∠SD) Db in the whole material was 82 ∠ 23 kg·m n3 for the undrained sites and 133 ∠ 22 kg·m n3 for the drained sites. The increase in Db was significant in all regions down to a depth of 60 cm and in southern Finland, even deeper than 80 cm. When the increase in carbon concentration was taken into consideration, the average postdrainage increase in the Db of the 0n80 cm layer equalled the amount of carbon in the 54-cm layer in average undrained peat. As the reported subsidences of peat surface in forest drainage areas in Finland are usually below this limit, the carbon storage of peat is likely to increase after drainage.


Background:  Voice disorders that affect children and adults have different causes with respect to different age groups. Factors associated with voice disorder ranges from the medical to emotional stress. This study was aimed to analyze the different pathological causes leading to hoarseness of voice in population attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Subjects with symptoms of hoarseness of voice visited the tertiary care hospital was included in the study. The etiologies such as vocal nodules, vocal cord polyps, vocal cord cysts, cancer of larynx, vocal cord paralysis and vocal cord oedema were evaluated using the video laryngoscopy. The prevalence was statistically analysed. Results:  Ninety nine subjects of both gender (age 10-79 years) were included in the retrospective study. Among the total subjects, 51 subjects were males and 48 were females. Maximum prevalence of hoarseness was 41%, found in the age group of 50-79 years. The most common cause for the hoarseness was due to vocal nodule (22%), vocal polyp (19%) and cancer of larynx (17%).  Number of subjects with the vocal nodule was significantly differ from that of vocal polyp (p =0.01, p 0.05) was found among the gender. However, the cancer of larynx was more associated with the age group 50-69 years with male dominance (p>0.05). Phonaesthenia was the minor cause (1%). Conclusions:  Among the causes for the hoarseness of voice, vocal nodules were the major. Causes such as vocal cord polyps, laryngeal cancer, chronic laryngitis, were found in a descending order of prevalence.


The effects of elevated temperatures on the spectral performance of a planar mercuric iodide (HgI2) gamma ray detector were evaluated at 25°C, 35°C, 45°C and 55°C using two test isotopes. 137Cs at 662 keV and 241Am at 59 keV. Spectral analysis was used to determine the spectral parameters (i.e. %FWHM of the full energy peak, the peak channel position and the peak to background ratio). Spectral performance degraded slightly with increasing test temperatures, but recovered on returning to ambient conditions. The results demonstrate that temperature excursions up to 55°C minimally degrade the spectral performance of mercuric iodide detectors.


Abstract The purpose of the research to find out how the implementation of non-employee cooperative management strategy in Kabupaten Karawang. Research with qualitative approach based on postpositivesme philosophy, is used to examine the natural object condition where the researcher is as the key instrument, the sampling of the data source is done purposively, the collecting technique with triangulation, the data analysis is inductive / qualitative, and the result of more qualitative research Emphasizing the meaning of generalization. From the results of research, obtained the following conclusions: (1). NonEmployee Cooperatives in Kabupaten Karawang that have been established Implementation Strategy management is still not optimal, (2). The concept of competitiveness of nonEmployee Cooperatives in Kabupaten Karawang as an independent economic institution, has not been applied, (3). Constraints faced by cooperatives in facing the competitiveness of cooperatives implicate inhibiting the ability of the competitiveness of cooperatives in Karawang regency, especially Human Resources which is the main resources as a driver of cooperatives and strategic management of human centered cooperatives, (4). Cooperative development strategies in an effort to increase competitiveness require development and require the attention of various parties. Furthermore, the established cooperatives should apply strategic management by applying the organization's and management's standards seen from the organization.

Keywords: cooperative, strategic management, competitiveness.


This paper reports on formation of high aspect micro patterns on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates by integrating micro inkjetting with electroless plating. Micro inkjetting was realized by using an inkjetting printer that ejects ink droplets from a printhead. This printhead consists of a glass nozzle with a diameter of 50 mum and a piezoelectric transducer that is coated on the nozzle. The silver colloidal solution was inkjetted on a sintered CT800 ceramic substrate, followed by curing at 200degC for 60 minutes. As a result, the silver trace with a thickness of 200 nm was obtained. The substrate, with the ejected silver thin film as the seed layer, was then immersed into a preinitiator solution to coat a layer of palladium for enhancing the deposition of nickel. Electroless nickel plating was successfully conducted at a rate of 0.39 mum /min, and the thickness of traces was plated up to 84 mum. This study demonstrates that the integration of inkjetting with plating is an effective method to form high aspect patterns at the demand location.


Cooking quality of common beans greatly influences acceptability. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of bean type, storage time, temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the cooking time of four bean types grown in Kenya. Beans were stored under different temperature (25, 35 and 45C) and RH (75 and 83%). After sampling, they were pre-soaked or not and cooked to generate cooking curves which were subjected to nonlinear regression. Significance of the different variables was evaluated using mixed model regression. Higher storage temperatures (35 and 45C), higher RH (83%) and extended time significantly increased lag phase and cooking time. Soaking pretreatments reduced cooking time. Canadian wonder and Pinto beans took long thus hard-to-cook while Rose coco and Red haricot took short cooking time, thus, easy-to-cook. This work demonstrated the critical nature of bean type, storage and pretreatment conditions in influencing bean cooking quality.

Practical Applications
The hard-to-cook (HTC) problem in common beans is one of the main problems leading to low consumption of beans. This manuscript provides information on the easy to cook and HTC bean varieties grown in Kenya. The roles of storage temperature and relative humidity on predisposing beans to the HTC problem is discussed including the optimal storage conditions. Finally, the effect of pre-treatment conditions and cooking on overall cooking time is highlighted. Soaking in distilled water and Na2CO3 significantly reduced the cooking time of the beans. It is hoped that this information can be translated to practical guidelines for bean breeders, stockists, processors and consumers.


Trends in cosmetic surgery are an ever-popular topic of discussion, however, little psychological or empirical research has been devoted to understanding specific psychological factors for ethnic minorities. African American women have historically fallen outside of Euro-centric beauty norms and have been subjected to objectification in media and interpersonal interactions. First


Advocates of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) argue that teaching and learning must be student-centered, experiential, collaborative, and interprofessional. Researchers must collect ...


"Survivors of the Ice Age" Festival The review section of this issue is devoted to accounts of most of the productions mounted at the "Survivors of the Ice Age" festival, written by participants at the symposium. With the exception of primus Theatre's Far Away Home, which participants at "Survivors" attended in the company of local school children, the performances at the festival were open to the public. They also formed the spine, however, of the symposium, the focus of conversation every day in sessions about the last evening's performance, the bases of mutual trust and understanding among participants whose work was on the line, and on at least one occasion—the discussion of Grinning Dragon Theatre's The Compleat Works of Love (not reviewed here)—the source of some contention. For me, one of the great strengths of "Survivors of Ice Age" was the opportunity to discuss seriously, not only productions that we had all seen, but performances of those productions that we had seen together. I hope some of the flavour of those discussions is captured in the following pages


The transformation of the Chinese higher education is faced with perplexities and operational disorders that interfere with the harmonious development of scale,quality,structure,and benefit.The way out is the reform of the government-administrated mechanism for the market-oriented and government-assisted operation of higher education.


boundaries and methodological conventions establish the very limits of perception and understanding; there are certain matters that cannot be known and many paradoxes that cannot be resolved given the current state of theory and practice. For instance, in his sweeping analysis of rights, he notes that we suffer today from a "historical myopia which hardly allows us to imagine a world in which rights do not play a decisive role" (p. 201). This myopia, in turn, influences how we view the past and structure the present. He argues that our understanding of rights during the American and French Revolutions is "historically and conceptually too simple" (p. 217). But similarly, contemporary theories of rights gloss over the conflicts, tensions, and paradoxes that reside within the concept. Still, Kratochwil does supply a glimmer of hopeful news: With the foundations of contemporary thought and practice in the field of international law and politics dismantled, there now might be a bit of "space for fresh reflection" (p. 48). Fresh reflection, however, is not without its own challenges; it requires a major shift in contemporary thought and practice. Rather than building grand theories, he suggests an approach that is "more concerned with the diagnosis of a problem and with finding a solution rather than with identifying an optimum or equilibrium" (p. 287). It is crucial, he adds, to be conscious of the tensions, contradictions, and ambiguities that are often painted over by ideal theory. Importantly, fresh reflection also requires an awareness of the internal measures that are used to sort through practical matters. In the end, we should eschew "the ideal" and gravitate toward "the possible" (p. 286). Rather than embracing supposedly universal ideals, Kratochwil emphasizes the need to focus on actual cases, local conditions, and concrete problems. For those who wish to adopt the author's approach, there remain important questions about the actual process through which problems are identified. Problems are not naturally occurring objects that exist on their own. A phenomenon must be defined as a problem. An underfunded government, for instance, is a problem for some and a political solution for others. Whichever guise it takes —problem or solution—depends on underlying ideal theories within the fields of economics, law, and politics, for example. Indeed, problems are not discovered as much as they are produced or assembled from preexisting concepts and normative ideas. In the end, even if we are on board with Kratochwil and banish ideal theorizing from our own repertoires, if we look closely enough we are bound to find all kinds of ideal theories lurking within any conception of a "problem." This is a minor concern, however. The Status of Law in World Society is a stirring examination of the state of affairs within the domain of international law and politics. Kratochwil is provocative, freethinking, subversive, and—if the reader invests the necessary effort—inspiring. Bits and Atoms: Information and Communication Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood. Edited by Steven Livingston and Gregor Walter-Drop. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. 210p. $99.00 cloth, $29.95 paper. doi:10.1017/S1537592715002121


The existing formulations of electron-impact ionization of a hydrogenic target suffer from a number of formal problems including an ambiguous and phase-divergent definition of the ionization amplitude. An alternative formulation of the theory is given. An integral representation for the ionization amplitude which is free of ambiguity and divergence problems is derived and is shown to have four alternative, but equivalent, forms well suited for practical calculations. The extension to amplitudes of all possible scattering processes taking place in an arbitrary three-body system follows. A well-defined conventional post form of the breakup amplitude valid for arbitrary potentials including the long-range Coulomb interaction is given. Practical approaches are based on partial-wave expansions, so the formulation is also recast in terms of partial waves and partial-wave expansions of the asymptotic wave functions are presented. In particular, expansions of the asymptotic forms of the total scattering wave function, developed from both the initial and the final state, for electron-impact ionization of hydrogen are given. Finally, the utility of the present formulation is demonstrated on some well-known model problems.


We comprehensively investigate the existence of gauge transformations connecting distinct boundary conditions (BCs) in $SU(N)$ gauge theory on the $S^1/Z_2$ orbifold embedded in five-dimensional Minkowski space-time. We prove that the global transformations make a set of the BCs invariant and there is a new type of BCs-changing local transformations. It is shown that the local transformations behave differently on the UV-brane from the bulk and IR-brane. We find that possible equivalence classes are $[p,q,r,s]\sim [p\pm 1, q\mp 1, r\mp 1, s\pm1]$ on the UV-brane. However, on the bulk and IR-brane, all sets of BCs are connected by local transformations with a kink near the fixed points.


We prove that the flow generated by any continuous interval map with zero topological entropy is minimally mean-attractable and minimally mean-L-stable. One of the consequences is that any oscillating sequence is linearly disjoint from all flows generated by all continuous interval maps with zero topological entropy. In particular, the Möbius function is linearly disjoint from all flows generated by all continuous interval maps with zero topological entropy (Sarnak's conjecture for continuous interval maps). Another consequence is a non-trivial example of a flow having discrete spectrum. We also define a log-uniform oscillating sequence and show a result in ergodic theory for comparison.


An ytterbium-doped large mode area polarization-maintaining fiber with core/cladding diameters of 35/250 µm was fabricated from modified chemical vapor deposition technique and solution doping process. High cladding absorption and low photodarkening were achieved from aluminophosphosilicate core glass with optimal molar composition. The fiber was tested as a power amplifier using a 1064-nm narrow-linewidth laser oscillator with 34 ps pulse duration and 120 MHz pulse repetition frequency. The slope efficiency was seen to exceed 80% while the average output power was scaled beyond 420 W, before the onset of transverse mode instability. The fabricated fiber also yields near diffraction-limited output, narrow spectral linewidth and high polarization extinction ratio.


Objective The present clinical study was undertaken to assess the safety, feasibility and curative efficacy of transplantation of fetal human Schwann cell into injured spinal cord of paraplegic patients and to observe their spinal cord function recovery.Methods The scars and necrotic tissues in the injured spinal cord were dissected and removed, and the cavities and cysts in the injured segments were opened and cleared. Schwann cell was prepared from the fetal human dorsal root nerves and adhered to 3~0 absorbable purple suture and mesh. Then, they were transplanted into injured spinal cord segments in 42 male and 11 female paraplegic patients (aged from 2 to 58 years), who had suffered for 4 to 228 months since spinal cord injury.Results Spinal cord pulse recovery occurred after Schwann cell transplantation surgery. According to the international standards of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), 53 cases improved partially neurological function after 2 to 8 w compared with pre-surgery. The motor, light touch and pin prick increased from 41.49±15.83, 56.28±21.04 and 55.96±20.99 to 44.62±15.39, 63.94±23.67 and 59.68±20.57, respectively. Furthermore, no death, fever, spinal cord infection and function deterioration occurred after transplantation of Schwann cell into the spinal cord. MRI findings also indicated that no neoplastic hyperplasia, enlarged cavities or cysts presented.Conclusion The therapeutic scheme of transplantation of Schwann cell into chronic injured spinal cord is safe, feasible and helpful to the recovery of spinal cord function in patients.


These notes briefly consider some aspects of the Schwartz class of rapidly decreasing smooth functions, tempered distributions, and harmonic functions of polynomial growth.


ABSTRACT Native and foreign-born workers with a high school degree or less education work in different types of occupations. This article exploits the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act to examine whether legal status causes immigrants to work in occupations that use skills similar to those of natives. Legal status decreases the manual skill intensity of immigrants' occupations by about two percentiles. It increases communication skill intensity by a similar amount. This reduces the skill gap between Mexican-born and native-born American workers by 11–15%.


Mild steatosis has been thought not to affect outcome after liver resection. However, recent studies have reported impaired postoperative recovery of patients with mild steatosis. This study evaluated the recovery of hepatic functional reserve during regeneration in a rat model of mild steatosis and liver resection.


Considering the characteristics of strong electromagnetic and closed environment in DC converter station,a new combined track inspection robot is developed.Through self-control or remote control,it can inspect DC converter station equipment and detect anomalies timely.The hardware is composed of combined track,charge-coupled device(CCD),infrared camera etc.,which are used to achieve precise positioning,video detection,temperature detection and other functions.The software is based on PC,Windows XP/Server 2003 operating system and.NetFramework2.0running platform to realize processing and displaying of large number of data.Field operation of the robot shows that combined with integrated automated contact monitoring system in DC converter station a comprehensive monitoring method is formed which will improve operating safety and reliability of the converter station equipment.


The p−ρ−T relationships and constant volume heat capacity Cv were measured for binary hydrocarbon mixtures containing propane (C3H8) and isobutane (i-C4H10). Temperatures ranged from 200 K to 400 K for p−ρ−T and from 203 K to 342 K for Cv with pressures up to 35 MPa for both measurements. Measurements of p−ρ−T and Cv were conducted on liquid samples with the mole fraction compositions {xC3H8 + (1 − x)i-C4H10} for x = 0.7006 and x = 0.2979. Determinations of saturated-liquid densities were made by extrapolating each isochore to the saturated-liquid pressure and determining the temperature and density at the intersection. Published p−ρ−T data are in good agreement with this study. For the p−ρ−T apparatus, the uncertainty of the temperature is 0.03 K, and for pressure it is 0.01% at p > 3 MPa and 0.05% at p < 3 MPa. The principal source of uncertainty in density is the cell volume (∼28.5 cm3) with a standard uncertainty of 0.003 cm3. When all components of experimental uncertainty are considered, the expande...


This chapter considers three particular challenges faced by metalegislation such as the Australian Consumer Law (ACL). The first is to ensure coherent development of the law both within the legislative regime and also between that regime and the common law context in which it is squarely situated.The second, related challenge is to promote the principled and coherent development of an important legal regime in a context where its beneficiaries are unlikely to pursue their rights in court.


Annotation of protein phosphorylation information has been the focus of many biological knowledge bases. To support the literature-based curation of phosphorylation information, an information extraction (IE) system, named RLIMS-P, has been developed, which extracts protein phosphorylation information from biomedical literature. The system has been recently redesigned as RLIMS-P v2 and a new online curator website has been developed. The new website offers improvements for curation functionalities, including PubMed-style keyword search of extracted information, multiple views of retrieved information and their downloading, editing of automatically gathered information, and entity normalization. Curators from Phospho.ELM, Protein Ontology (PRO), and BioGrid were recruited to test the website in the BioCreative Track 5 User Interactive Task (IAT). We expect the new website can be a useful tool for biocurators to search relevant literature and annotate phosphorylation information. Final results from the current evaluation test will be presented at the workshop. Introduction The reversible phosphorylation of proteins is central to the regulation of most aspects of cell function. The flow of molecular information through signaling pathways frequently depends on protein phosphorylation mediated by specific kinases that recognize and phosphorylate specific sites in the target proteins (1). In many cases, deregulation of the kinase-substrate network has been linked to disease, including cancer (2). Given its relevancy, protein phosphorylation has been an active research area as well as the focus of curation in multiple knowledgebase, such as


Background:
 The prevalence, correlates and associated mortality of undiagnosed angina in persons without established cardiovascular disease in the USA has not been established. We set out to establish the prevalence and correlates as well as assess mortality outcomes.

 Methods and Results:
 Included in our study were National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2001-2018, aged ≥40years and free of established cardiovascular disease. The diagnosis of angina was established using the Rose Angina Questionnaire. The prevalence of undiagnosed angina was 1.99% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79- 2.20), corresponding to 2.6 million (95% CI 2.3 - 2.9) persons. In multivariable analysis, female sex (aOR 1.75, 1.37-2.25), lower education attainment (aOR 1.59, 1.08-2.33), obesity (aOR 2.68, 1.19-2.37), ever smokers (aOR, 1.51, 1.17-1.94), low income(Poverty index ratio <3) aOR 1.89, 1.44-2.47), and hypertension (aOR 1.48, 1.12-1.96) were independent correlates of undiagnosed angina. Only 3.8% of all participants with undiagnosed angina were concomitantly on beta blockers, aspirin and a statin. The death rate was 1.08 per 1,000 person months and 1.71 deaths per 1000 person months among those without angina and those with angina, respectively.

 Conclusion:
 The prevalence of undiagnosed angina among US adults ≥40years and older was 2%. Female sex, hypertension, obesity, low income, smoking and low education were associated with undiagnosed angina. Harboring undiagnosed angina was associated with higher risk of mortality.


Although many achievements have been made on the application of Acoustic Emission(AE) technique to monitoring crack propagation in rock mass,these studies mainly focused on rock block of small size(≤10 cm).Only a few investigations have been done to research the failure mechanism of larger rock mass(≥50 cm).The SAMOS acoustic emission instrument was employed to study the failure process of jointed rock mass in field shear test.Based on analysis of AE parameters and frequency spectrum acquired from the shear failure process of jointed rockmass,its failure mechanism can be revealed.The results showed that during the failure process of jointed rock mass,the main frequency of AE signals varied from 40 kHz to 120 kHz.The shear failure went through four phases: first,elastic deformation phase,during which no AE events happened in rock mass;second,crack initiationphase,in which a few AE events occurred and only a few cracks were generated;third,crack propagation phase when AE events increased slowly and cracks propagated steadily;and fourth,crack coalescence phase when AE events increased apparently,cracks propagated and coalesced and macro fractures appeared.Different from the traditional viewpoint,which deems that the crack appears at the forward section of rock specimen,this research finds that the initial cracks appears at the middle and back-end of the specimen.With the increase of shear stress,the locations of new cracks move to the forepart.However,during the crack coalescence phase,the cracks fastened on local positions of the shear surface.Local cracking happened in jointed rock mass.


A companion paper reviewed the history of the development of the Canadian standard for towers, and demonstrated that the failure rate for guyed telecommunications towers designed to earlier editions of the CAN-CS A-S37 Standard "Antennas, Towers and Antenna-Supporting Structures" (S37) is generally unacceptably high. These towers are often reviewed for addition of new antennas, and upgrading to the strength levels of the most recent edition of the standard — as required in many cases — can be very expensive, due to the sizeable increases in strength requirements for guyed towers which have been introduced by successive revisions of S37. Clearly, there is a need to match strength requirements to the significance of the structure and the economic consequences of its failure. Uniformly high strength requirements will occasionally result in reinforcement costs that exceed the costs of the risk of failure. In answer to this, a rational approach has been used to develop a set of guidelines for the upgrading of ...


Food exchanges often produce excesses of meaning, and those excesses can be spaces for maintaining or renegotiating social relationships. The Jewish festival of Purim enacts symbolic inversions of everyday cultural practices that produce excesses of food and food exchanges that symbolically threaten religious, social, and interpersonal social categories. Building on theories of gift exchange, from Marcel Mauss to Annette Weiner, the A. explores the limits and capacities of reciprocity to negotiate social relationships.


Large-scale engineering systems require design teams to balance complex sets of considerations using a wide range of design and decision-making skills. Formal, computational approaches for optimizing complex systems offer strategies for arriving at optimal solutions in situations where system integration and design optimization are well-formulated. However, observation of design practice suggests engineers may be poorly prepared for this type of design. Four graduate student teams completed a distributed, complex system design task. Analysis of the teams' design histories suggests three categories of suboptimal approaches: global rather than local searches, optimizing individual design parameters separately, and sequential rather than concurrent optimization strategies. Teams focused strongly on individual subsystems rather than system-level optimization, and did not use the provided system gradient indicator to understand how changes in individual subsystems impacted the overall system. This suggests the need for curriculum to teach engineering students how to appropriately integrate systems as a whole.


Co-channel interference (CCI) is a major issue faced by efficient co-channel deployed orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based two-tier femtocell systems. There are several resource allocation mechanisms proposed, such as, [1]–[4], to address this issue. However, none of these methods have considered employing relays in order to reduce transmit power levels, and hence, reduce CCI with the added advantage of extended coverage. Thus, in this paper, a simple resource allocation mechanism, which maximizes the sum of the weighted rates (SWR), for relay assisted femtocell systems is proposed. Its main advantage is the low complexity achieved by exploiting the characteristics of Lagrangian and utilizing the Newton's method.


The magnetic and electrical properties of (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)1−x/(CuFe2O4)x have been investigated. The (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)1-x/(CuFe2O4)x composites with x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 wt.% were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method, respectively. The structures, morphology, magnetic and electrical properties of the samples have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical property measurement system (PPMS). The resistance measured as a function of temperature demonstrates that the pure LSMO samples display metal to semiconductor transition. On the other hand, the others indicated semiconductor/insulator behaviors. The MR was measured in an applied magnetic field of 0.5T. The results clearly show that the magnetoresistance (MR) effect is enhanced at a wide temperature range with CuFe2O4 composition. It may be helpful to improve the low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) under the influence of the spin-polarized tunneling and the spin-dependent scattering.


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of supplement diets on flight activities of cross breed honeybee ( Apis mellifera Lin.) in Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment consisted of five replications and four feeding treatments: feeding low dose sugar (syrup of 166 g sugar); feeding high dose sugar (syrup of 333 g sugar); feeding modified diet (syrup of 166 g sugar + 30 g pollen substitute); and control (no diet supplement except 250 g sugar honey candy to prevent from starvation). Each hive (replication) consisted of five-framed A. mellifera colony, which were fed for six days with four days breaks in each feeding and altogether eleven feedings were provided. Sugar syrup feeding stimulated bee foragers flights by 908-987% out-going and 578-704% in-coming, respectively. Modified diet (low dose sugar syrup combined with pollen substitute) was suitable for off-season management of honeybee colonies, which supported high rate of flight activities i.e. 3.3 times out-going and 2.8 times in-coming as compared to the control colonies. Other treatments were intermediate types. The combined diet also showed higher flights than feeding low dose sugar syrup alone indicating necessity of feeding appropriate diet during off-season under Chitwan condition for good flight and foraging activities of honeybees. Key words: Pollen substitutes, sugar syrup/sugar-honey candy, out-going, in-coming, cross breed

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:71-76 (2005)