NASA's Constellation Program was established to implement the Vision for Space Exploration announced by President George Bush in 2004. The Program seeks to develop the crewed space vehicle and associated architecture that will serve as the successor to the Shuttle Program when it is retired in 2010, providing crew and cargo access to the International Space Station, returning human presence to the moon, and then to Mars and beyond. Given the wide scope of the Program and the challenges it entails, a comprehensive test and verification program is required. This paper describes the vision, strategy, and overall approach for the Constellation Program test and verification effort, including the organization, processes, and facilities that will be required to ensure the systems operate as expected. This paper will describe test and verification vision, organizations, documentation, processes, special test facilities, integrated ground tests, and initial flight testing,


The central claim of this essay is that the political economies in contemporary China and Viet Nam represent instances of a distinctive kind of political economy – or regime – that is best characterized as market-Leninist. In market-Leninist regimes market economic institutions and market-based strategies of economic accumulation exist and develop in subordination to Leninist political institutions and ideology. This specific combination of institutional attributes and its attendant effects on welfare, stratification, and political consciousnesses is what distinguishes market-Leninist regimes from other forms of political economy. This essay identifies properties of market-Leninist regimes, examines their evolution, and considers their significance in comparative historical terms. The essay reflects on the prospects of market-Leninist regimes and the value and limitations of the concept for empirical analysis and the development of social theory.


To understand anxiety and its related factors in nursing students.Methods 215 female students in nursing school were investigated with self rating anxiety scale, adolescent self rating life events and coping style questionnaire. Results Compared with norm, the nursing students had higher sore of anxiety. There was positive correlation between anxiety and life events, between anxiety and negative coping while there was negative correlation between anxiety and positive coping. Multiple regression showed that stress of life events, positive coping and negative coping had predictive value for anxiety. positive coping and negative coping affected level of anxiety directly while stress of life events aggravated anxiety by negative coping indirectly. Conclusion Nursing students have higher level of anxiety, which in turn has some relation to life events, negative coping and positive coping.


The photochemical phase-transition behavior of polymer liquid crystals (LCs) containing azobenzene moieties with strong donor−acceptor substituents has been investigated. Copolymers of a mesogen and a donor−acceptor azobenzene were prepared. Photoirradiation of a thin film of the polymer LCs (100−200 nm thickness) in the nematic (N) phase caused an N-to-isotropic (I) phase transition due to trans−cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety, and the N phase recovered rapidly when photoirradiation was ceased because of cis−trans thermal back-isomerization. Time-resolved measurements with a laser pulse (532 nm; 10 ns, fwhm) revealed that the N−I phase transition took place in 300 μs. The thermal recovery of the N phase in the polymer LC with a donor−acceptor azobenzene, which stabilized the LC phase, occurred in 8 ms at 146 °C. This response of the recovery is 103 times faster than that of non-donor−acceptor azobenzene LCs. In a sample that showed a smectic (S) phase, however, no photochemical phase tran...


Regarding collision prediction technology, the most common are car reversing radar and infrared rays, which provide warnings by sensing the distance between objects and cars. Although radar detection is accurate, radar systems that can provide instant 360-degree feedback are very expensive. The cost of infrared is much lower, but they cannot be applied to high-temperature environments. As the result, the technology of preventing collisions using only images from cameras is an important artificial intelligence topic in recent years. If a low-resolution CCD and artificial intelligence technology can be used to achieve a certain degree of accuracy in collision prediction, then low-cost anti-collision technology is worth looking forward to. Furthermore, we hope to provide anti-collision warnings on motorcycles and bicycles using this technology. In order to achieve this goal, computational simplification is a technical threshold. It's only when simple calculations achieve high-precision prediction can we meet the low power consumption requirements for image AI to be applied small vehicles. Therefore, we hope to find out a better image representation basis and combine it with AI technology to fulfill the requirements of less calculation and high accuracy. In addition, we also hope to create models with sufficient accuracy with small training data. This experiment will reduce development costs and get better efficiency in the early stage of developing ADAS.


by James A. Hussar My comparative study focuses on the negotiation of national, regional, religious, and ethnic identity in the works of four Latin American Jewish authors: Argentines Alberto Gerchunoff and Rebeca Mactas, and Brazilians Frida Alexandr and Adão Voloch. Each author uses collections of independent but interrelated short stories, or short story cycles, to fictionalize his/her experiences as a child growing up in Jewish agricultural colonies in Latin America in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. I reevaluate the literary legacy of Gerchunoff, the father of Jewish Latin American literature, by showing how his canonical Los gauchos judíos (1910; translated as The Jewish Gauchos of the Pampas, 1955) offered a structural and thematic template for works by Mactas, Alexandr, and Voloch.


In this paper we proposed a new approximation algorithm for calculating the min-cut tree of an undirected edge-weighted graph. Our algorithm runs in O (V 2 .logV + V 2 .d), where V is the number of vertices in the given graph and d is the degree of the graph. It is a significant improvement over time complexities of existing solutions. We implemented our algorithm in objected oriented programming language and checked for many input cases. However, because of an assumption it does not produce correct result for all sorts of graphs but for the dense graphs success rate is more than 90%. Moreover in the unsuccessful cases, the deviation from actual result is very less and for most of the pairs we obtain correct values of max-flow.


Background: Nerve Conduction Studies were performed in asymptomatic HIV positive persons and corresponding
controls to detect subclinical peripheral nervous system involvement in early stage of HIV.
Aims & Objective: To perform Nerve Conduction Studies in asymptomatic HIV positive persons and corresponding
controls.
Material and Methods: In this study,100 participants in the age group 25-45 years were selected. In study group, 50
3
participants who were HIV positive and asymptomatic (CD4 count > 350 cells/mm ) and were not on Anti Retro Viral
Treatment (ART),were included.In control group 50 healthy age matched HIV negative participants were included.We
performed Nerve Conduction Studies in these participants. For motor nerves, Distal Latency (DL), Motor Nerve
Conduction Velocity (MNCV), Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) amplitude were measured and for sensory
nerves Onset Latency (OL), Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity (SNCV) and Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP)
amplitude were measured.
Results: Nerve Conduction Studies in asymptomatic HIV revealed that,MNCV was significantly decreased for median
motor nerve and tibial motor nerve in study group compared to control group, SNAP was significantly reduced for
median sensory nerve in study group compared to control group,OL was significantly prolonged for sural nerve in study
group than control group and SNCV was significantly decreased for sural nerve in study group than control group.
Conclusion: Nerve Conduction Studies in asymptomatic HIV positive persons suggests subclinical peripheral nervous
system involvement in early stages of HIV. Hence Nerve Conduction Studies can be important to detect subclinical
peripheral nervous system involvement in the early stages of HIV.


The three aspects of monitoring data of urban regional noise,traffic noise and industrial enterprises of Hohhot city are analyzed,the current situation of noise environmental quality of Hohhot city is evaluated,and the results of continuous two years are compared and explained.The feasible measures of noise pollution treatment are put forward.


The articles offers some ways of improving the P. E teacher's knowledge structure showing the knowledge stucture that a morden P. E teacher should master.


Ground subsidence, particularly in urban environments, poses a significant geohazard risk to private and public infrastructure. The subsidence can be caused by anthropogenic activity, such as excessive groundwater pumping, underground excavation, land reclamation, or geological forces (e.g., slow fault movement and earthquakes, and volcanic activity). Although terrestrial measurements using a Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) or in-situ leveling survey provide accurate ground displacement information with a variable temporal resolution, such measures are limited due to their sparse spatial sampling. Furthermore, terrestrial measurements are associated with a high cost to survey the ground deformation. We present time-series analyses of ground subsidence in the southeastern part of Korea using multi-frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. We investigate if ground subsidence can be retrieved with recent SAR observations that will be processed using several approaches for Interferometric SAR (InSAR) time-series, including Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques. Preliminary results using COSMO-SkyMed and ALOS-2 SAR observations will be presented.


A rate adaptation scheme for data traffic in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system is studied. With the scheme, the received power of each active data user is maintained constant by using transmission power control to compensate for channel fading and path loss, while the transmission rate is dynamically adjusted to guarantee a target bit energy-to-equivalent noise spectral density (E/sub b//N/sub e/) when interference varies. A continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) with state-dependent parameter is used to model the user activities in the system. Analysis and simulation results show that the rate adaptation scheme outperforms the conventional SIR based power control scheme, in terms of a power gain and lower average delay for the data users to achieve the same throughput. Moreover, by applying back-off access control, the performance of the rate adaptation scheme can be further improved.


To solve the problems existing in the college's safety system,based on the theory and technology of Internet of Things,the study intended to develop a surveillance and control system which includes data-gathering frontend,datatransferring network,and system-coping backend. With ZigBee topology structure as the core,combining multiple transmission modes of GSM and Power Line Carrier,this system has realized real time monitor on laboratories by adopting embedded technology,sensor technology,communication and the Internet of Things. Simulation results have proved this system's reliability and correct feedback,and both information archiving and massage receiving are in good operation. The system replaced the traditional mode of artificial management,and had advantages of flexible informationgathering,reliable data-transferring and accessible maintaining. Hence it has value of popularization and application.


The main objective of this study was to find out the root cause for broken tablet and black spots on tablets in primary pack of the marketed product containing Diclofenac sodium 50 mg and Paracetamol500 mg. In this study, we took tablets of same batch in which broken tablet (Batch A) was found and another batch (Batch B) from the same company was procured (for investigation) and they were evaluated for parameters like appearance, weight variation, hardness and friability. The results of (Batch A) and (Batch B) showed that weight variation, Friability was within limit according to Indian pharmacopeia, Hardness of both batcheswas found to be 9 kg.Based on the investigation, it was concluded that there was no formulation defect in the Batch-A tablets.Breakage of the tablet at the edge must be due to somephysical damage or some other reason. This wasconcluded from results of friability, weight variation andhardness tests. Appearance of black color spots on thetablet surface was not due to formulation problem. Itmay be due to instrumental problems like excessive useof oil- Based Lubricants etc. Finally to sum up, it isrecommended to carry out 100% tablet inspection beforeprimary packing activity which shall avoid defectivetablets getting packed into blister. Broken tablet found in the (Batch A) was due to some physical damage or any other reason during shipping and storage. Black colour spots found on the surface of the tablet may be due excessive usage of oil lubricants, more amount fines in the powder blend.


SOME OF THE PARAMETERS ARE DISCUSSED AFFECTING NOISE GENERATION AND NOISE PROPAGATION AROUND A HIGHWAY, AND AN EMPIRICALLY CONSTRUCTED CLUSTER OF CURVES ARE PRESENTED INDICATING THE MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ROAD AND DWELLINGS. THE USE OF THE TRAFFIC NOISE INDEX IN CALCULATING NOISE NUISANCE IS RECOMMENDED. /AUTHOR/


Aim To observe long term toxicity of Lianxiaxiaopi capsule.Methods Determining blood regular and blood biochemistry of the tested animals.Making viscera index and examining their pathological changes.Results During the period of taking Lianxiaxiaopi capsule and recovering,the rats and dogs do not express any toxicity.Conclusion In the tested dosage scope,Lianxiaxiaopi capsule is safe.


This article is about my memories from the discovery that the Veneziano model describes in fact interacting strings. I came to the understanding of that the dual or Veneziano model is really a model of strings independently of L. Susskind and Y. Nambu. A characteristic feature of my approach was that I used thinking of very high order "fishnet" or planar Feynman diagrams as the way of at first describing the development of the strings. A chain of constituents leads to planar diagrams dominating when only neighbours on the chain interact significantly. The article also mentions the works of Ziro Koba and mine about extending the Veneziano model first to five external particles - as Bardakci and Ruegg, Chan Tsou, and Goebel and Sakita also did - and subsequently to an arbitrary number n of external mesons.


The model reference adaptive control based on fuzzy neural network is generally adopted.Because the online adjusting of fuzzy neural network controller need neural network as error back propagation passageway,so the number of layers of the controller and identification is too big and it is easy to cause error back propagation uncertain,as a result,the reference of the controller can't be modified accurately.Besides,this method makes the controlled system long adjusting time and certain steady-state error.This paper proposes a new fuzzy neural network structure and algorithm.In this scheme it has the structure that combines a three-layer fuzzy neural network controller with neural network inverse identification controller.Computer simulation and actual application show that this scheme has effective control to larger time-delay nonlinear system.


Herpetospermum penduculosum(Ser)Baill is a traditional Tibetan medicinal herb which was widely used in Tibetan medicine,especially used for the treatment of liver disease.Its content of trace elements have never been reported.The result shows the content of essential trace elements Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn,Co,Ni,Cr,Se in Herpetospermum penduculosum(Ser)Baill is abundant.By comparing the content of trace elements in the herb collected from two different regions in Tibet,there is significantly different.The study can be a base work for the further research and using of the herb.


Email of the presenting author: email@example.com The study of interactions between neural cells and nanostructured substrates -such as surfaces and nanoparticlesis currently attracting great interest due to their potential applications in the area of health care, especially in diagnostic and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It has been clearly demonstrated that mechanical interactions of neurons with their extracellular matrix play an important role in the processes related to growth and development. Mechanical parameters such as roughness of the surface, elasticity or adherence are critical to understanding and controlling neuronal growth. Within this context, atomic force microscope (AFM) provides an important alternative approach to systematically study the mechanical interactions that occur between the substrate and neuronal cells. In this work, nanostructured gold surfaces of type Au(111) functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (alkanethiols, molecules formed by a sulfur binding group, a spacer chain , and a functional head group) are used. These surfaces can be topographically programmed to control behaviors such as growth or adhesion capabilities. With the high resolution of atomic force microscope and its ability to measure adhesion forces and other mechanical properties, it is also possible to obtain and investigate correlations between the nanometric surface topography and neuronal behavior. This has allowed us to establish criteria for the use of nanostructured surfaces for sensing responses of neurons under external electrical stimulation.


The purpose of this research is to generate optimal formulation using Design
Expert D-Optimal Method in the making of ulen fries which uses edam cheese as
substitution. The desired benefit of this research, is increasing the economic value of
white glutinous rice by doing product diversivication of white glutinous rice's
processed product, which is ulen fries with the addition of cheese for the sake of
improving the nutritional value of ulen fries, thus promoting it the useful information
which can be passed to the public and the food industry to improve and develop white
glutinous rice's processed products further.
 The research method includes a preliminary study of preparing white
glutinous rice flour and the primary research involves the early stage of submitting
the raw materials of the formulations that are divided into two variables: the relative
variable and the fixed variable. Relative variable will be incorporated into the
Design Expert D-Optimal Method program using Mixture Component menu, and
then 11 formulations will be acquired to be chemically analyzed and the ensuing
organoleptic will be including fat, carbohydrates, protein, color, flavor, aroma, and
texture.
 The Design Expert D-Optimal Method program can determine the optimal
formulation in the manufacturing process of edam cheese ulen fries, providing
predictive assessment chemically of the following contents - carbohydrate content of
30.81%, fat content of 11.07%, and protein content of 12.79%, while in organoleptic
attributes of color of 4.4%, the attribute flavor of 4.3%, the attributes aroma of 3.9%,
and 4.4% of texture attributes. Thus Design Expert recommends the chosen
formulation based on approaching figure of 1.00 desirability, which is the
formulation with the percentage of glutinous rice flour white 51.23%, cheese 18.35%,
and grated coconut 16.40%


ABSTRACT In mental health nursing, recovery-orientation is regarded as a best practice approach for patient care. To assess the effect of an intervention utilising a recovery-oriented approach in acute practice, a controlled pilot trial was conducted. On intervention wards, mental health nurses received special training. Recovery Self-Assessment Scale was used to assess the effects of the training. No statistically significant effects were found, between the experimental conditions. Reasons for this result may be methodological, practical or due an intervention that was not powerful enough. Recovery-oriented intervention studies in mental health nursing should be conducted with caution.


PURPOSE: To provide the non-aqueous subject product blendable in a specified form according to purposes comprising a granular solid phase dispersed in a liquid phase, and further containing a polycyclic aromatic sulfonic acid (derivative) as a dispersion modifier. CONSTITUTION: The objective product contains a granular solid phase consisting of a detergent builder, a breaching agent and an abrasive in a liquid phase, and further, as a dispersion modifier, 0.1-8 (wt.)% (preferably, 1-3%) of a polycyclic aromatic sulfonic acid (derivative) [e.g.: naphthalenesulfonic acid (derivative), a formaldehyde condensate thereof]. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Increasing requirements in performance and functionality of electronics and the satellite payload while maintaining weight, volume and cost efficiency demand higher integration levels and die densities of the semiconductor devices as well as increased application of photonic devices. The paper presents selected manufacturing processes and equipment which have been developed for the production of such devices and are currently in the industrial implementation phase. Application areas range from mobile devices, LEDs to bio-sensing. These processes and equipment have the capacity to contribute to a number of space related issues like lightweight design and power consumption. These constraints are addressed by the thin wafer handling process and a specific chip to wafer stacking method. Nanoimprinting and embossing technologies address the development and production of optical components and structures for optoelectronic devices. Finally EVG equipment for R&D as well as small and medium size production is briefly outlined.


This document contains the appendices for the paper "The Qua dratic-Chi Histogram Distance Family" [ 1], proofs and additional results. In section 2 we prove that all Quadratic-Chi histogram distances are continuous. In sect ion 3 we prove that EMD, ÊMD and all Quadratic-Chi histogram distances are Similarity-Matrix-QuantizationInvariant. In section4 we present additional shape classification results. In sect ion 5 we compare experimentally color image distances with and wi thout spatial pruning. In section6 we compare experimentally distances which resembles QC dis tances, but are either not Similarity-Matrix-Quantization-Invariant or notSparseness-Invariant . In section7 we compare the results for all the pairs of descriptors (SIFT /CSIFT) and distance measures used in the image retrieval experiments.


A new group of electrons in the naphthalene ZEKE PFI spectrum has been observed in the energy range 70000 - 72000 cm-1 by the one-color two-step laser excitation technique. It can be assigned to the field ionization of the high n Rydberg states converging to the first electron-excited ionic state of naphthalene. The lifetimes of the superexcited Rydberg states with the energy excess (above the first ionization energy) up to 1 eV are about 1 microsecond. The improved value of the second adiabatic ionization potential is 71823 plus or minus 30 cm-1 (8.904 plus or minus 0.004 eV).


Multidirectional laminates are more widely used in practical engineering, and their fiber bridging characteristics are more obvious than unidirectional laminates. Due to the deficiency of research on the relationship between interface angle and interlaminar fracture toughness of multidirectional laminates, the numerical model of interface mode I fracture toughness of multidirectional laminates related to interface angle is modified by analyzing the difference between steady-state fracture toughness and initial fracture toughness of each interface. Meanwhile, the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of multidirectional composite laminates under five interface modes is studied. Based on the finite element software, the cohesion model is established and verified. The analytical results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the modified model can better verify the relationship between interface angle and interlaminar fracture toughness. At the same time, the fiber bridge force in the process of delamination along different interfaces is calculated, which provides a basis for the modified model.


Mobile learning applications utilise the advantages of mobile technologies to increase learning opportunities, mainly on an anytime, anywhere basis. The advancement of mobile technology has facilitated the development of numerous applications to improve students' learning experience and performance. Successful implementation of m-learning is highly dependent on learning context and environment awareness. This work presents a multiphase exploration of early phases responsible for defining and validating the m-learning context, and later phases based on context validation results achieved from the previous phases, involving the development and evaluation of a new m-learning context prototype. This new prototype proved to provide context-aware and ubiquitous learning services fulfilling several diverse user interaction levels and requirements.


The present thesis has as primordial objective to carry out a Study of Feasibility for the Center of Development and Social Protection for Family of Emigrants in the City of Quevedo, which was possible to determine through the market study that it exists a great quantity of people that you/they would agree with the creation of the same one, what allowed to know that the project is acceptable in the market; and, also to know which the costs and necessary expenses would be for the creation of the center.
The mission that has the Center for Family of Emigrants is of giving attention of high quality to the families, while its vision is to be an institution of technical, efficient character and of quality. Considering that the key factors of the success of the project are those of offering in a single place several services of quality, making emphasis in our value added Social Center for Families of Emigrants.
By means of this investigation several important points are detailed as it is the definition of the study of feasibility, the market study, technician and economic financial, with the purpose of demonstrating that to define this project they should apply you each step of the study of feasibility.
For the financial study of the Center for Families of Emigrants, the setting in march of the project is necessary an initial investment of $37.787,51 of those which the project was financed respectively with capital contribution characteristic of 45% and bank credit of the National Bank of the Development of 55%. Having as Net Current Value (VNA) of $3.318,96 that it generated the project, and an Internal Rate of Return (TIR) of 26%.


The magnesium hydroxide (MH) whiskers were modified by in situ polymerization of diverse monomer in the presence of surface-functionalized MR, which were previously modified by 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, and then compounded with PP in molten state. The effects of MH whisker grafted with polymer on the properties of PP/MH composites were studied by SEM, DMA and tensile testing machine. Compared with the PP/MH composites filled with untreated MH whisker, the notched impact energy of PP/MMH composites containing modified MH whisker were found to be significantly improved, especially for MMA/BA co-monomer modified MR whisker.


The paper briefly reviews and summarizes the achievement of the development of commercial forest,and analyses the questions and restrictive factors of the development of commercial forest,and put forward several development countermeasure of commercial forest in Fujian.


According to the actual situation of multi-level and multi-panel mining at the same time in No 2 mine area of Jinchuan company.The FLAC program is adopted to simulate seven kinds of mining sequences. It is concluded that progressive mining from one end panel to the other end panel along the strike helps to improve No 2 mining area's deep stress distribution, reduce the plastic zone, and control the vertical displacement of wall rock. Some suggestions are put forward for adjusting the mining sequence of No 2 mining area in the future.


A year after the first cases, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to put immense pressure on healthcare systems worldwide. With supply chains broken, the only opportunity for hospitals was to turn to unconventional solutions to overcome medical equipment shortages in the shortest possible time. This paper describes the methodology that allows the preparation of medical equipment to be additionally manufactured in keeping with medical requirements. The proposed method focuses on cytotoxicity tests against HaCaT, L929, A549 cell lines, and the assessment of potential antimicrobial properties of materials. The application of the proposed method is shown by the example of an adapter that connects a full mask with widely available DAR filters. The prototyping and fabrication of adapters were conducted with the fused deposition modelling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS) technologies. The adapters increased the number of masks available to medical personnel, and by the same token, ensured the continuity of their work.


We describe the recently proposed method (OPP) to extract th e coefficients of the scalar oneloop integrals to any multi-particle (sub)-amplitude. Bas ic lly, no analytical information on the structure of the amplitude is needed, allowing for a purely n umerical, but still algebraic, implementation of the algorithm to automatically perform one-lo op calculation both in QCD and in the EW Theory. As an application of the algorithm, we give QCD one -loop results for the process pp → ZZZ at the LHC.


The communications and Signal processing societies Joint Chapter of IEEE Hyderabad section has taken initiative for IEEE Comm. Society Distinguished Lecture Tours (DLTs) of Prof. Marco Chiani and Prof. Koichi Asatani, and IEEE SPS DLT of Prof. Sheila Hemami in 2011 and 20112 in India.The chapter has organized the DLs of Prof. Hemami, Prof. Chiani and Prof. Asatani in Hyderabad.


In cyberspace, hyperlink is widely used and it plays a very important role. For the target of hyperlink has characteristic of copyright, hyperlink causes infringement. We should launch analysis on the hyperlink-related copyright infringement through the division of link types, then take measures to carry out redress and protection from the aspects of self-discipline, technique and legislation.


In this paper a system for face recognition from a tabula rasa (i.e. blank slate) perspective is described. A priori, the system has the only ability to detect automatically faces and represent them in a space of reduced dimension. Later, the system is exposed to over 400 different identities, observing its recognition performance evolution. The preliminary results achieved indicate on the one side that the system is able to reject most of unknown individuals after an initialization stage. On the other side the ability to recognize known individuals (or revisitors) is still far from being reliable. However, the observation of the recognition evolution results for individuals frequently met suggests that the more meetings are held, the lower recognition error is achieved


An original high temperature annealing (HTA) technology has been established to fabricate a porous substrate with a layer of inverted pyramid structures. The details about the formation of the porous substrate and the related mechanism were discussed. It was proved that the porous structures were formed through an etching-like mechanism assisted by SiO2 patterned masks. High-quality GaN crystals have been prepared using the as-prepared porous substrate. The growth experiments demonstrated that such porous substrates were mechanically fragile. The porous structures are suitable to be used as a release layer for the growth of GaN crystals with low stress and defect density.


Infusions of streptokinase (Streptase [Germany]) in 15 patients with chronic occlusions and stenosis of aorta, iliac, and femoral arteries resulted for some in less claudication, better treadmill performance, return of pulses, and improved appearance of arteriograms. Proximal short stenotic lesions respond more favorably than distal long occlusive ones. Complications of thrombolytic therapy did not preclude surgery where this was indicated.


The invention provides a method for controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the method comprises the steps: setting a time interval, and collecting the flying state data of the unmanned aerial vehicle; judging whether the unmanned aerial vehicle collides with other things or not according to the current flying state data; obtaining the flying position data of the unmanned aerial vehicle at a first preset recovery time point if the unmanned aerial vehicle collides with other things; and carrying out the flying position recovery of the unmanned aerial vehicle through employing the flying position data of the unmanned aerial vehicle at the first preset recovery time point. The invention also provides a device for controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle. The method and device carry out the flying position recovery of the unmanned aerial vehicle through employing the flying position data of the unmanned aerial vehicle at the first preset recovery time point after the unmanned aerial vehicle collides with other things. The method and device solve a technical problem that a conventional method and device for controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot achieve the recovery of the flying state of the unmanned aerial vehicle.


This paper describes our new high-speed image reconstruction display. This display reconstructs high-quality images using a hybrid algorithm which combines DCT and BTC methods, and communicates with the host computer at high speed through a BMC. To test the display's performance, we developed a prototype using this display and a main frame computer (Fujitsu M-340). Compressed images stored in the host's database are transferred to the displays via the BMC, and reconstructed using its local function. Experiment showed the display to be effective: It takes less than 5 seconds for a 10 to 1 compressed image to be transferred and reconstructed the image, while taking 10 seconds for the original image.


Good teachers know both content and how to "get it across" to their students. But specifying this knowledge has proven surprisingly difficult. A common approach is to require teachers to major in the fields they will teach and then add knowledge of how children learn and classroom experience. But some argue that the content knowledge that teachers need is different from that needed by mathematicians or physicists. Take the case of something as apparently simple as what knowledge is involved in teaching operations with integers. Most adults remember a "rule" for subtracting negative numbers--"subtracting a negative is the same as adding a positive." Is knowing this rule enough to teach this material? Note that this isn't the same as asking what students need to learn. Rather, we ask about the mathematical understanding needed to teach this topic. To focus the question, we drop in on Ms. Gonzalez, a 7th-grade mathematics teacher. She begins her lesson by using black chips to represent positive numbers and red chips for negative numbers. Adding one black and one red chip results in zero. Her students have been solving such problems as +4 + (-8) = x by "matching" as many black and red chips as possible, then counting the chips left over (in this case, four reds). The model seems to help her students solve addition problems. But the next problem in the text is different: Find the missing part for this chip problem. What would be a number sentence for this problem? Ms. Gonzalez begins by modeling -1 - (-3) on the overhead projector by combining two red chips and one black, or -2 + (+1), which is -1, and then subtracting three reds: The students struggle with this representation. A student ventures that the answer is -1; another proposes that the answer is 5; and a third argues for an answer of -2. Many more note that matching a black with red leaves four reds, or a result of -4. Ms. Gonzalez checks the answer in the teacher's edition; the answer it gives is 2. Unclear how to use the chips to show this, she abandons the model and demonstrates how to solve -1 - (-3) = 2 by showing that the minus sign in front of the 3 and the subtraction sign combine to make addition of a positive. What is the mathematical knowledge needed to teach this material and to interpret and use the text? Knowing the conventional procedure is clearly useful, and Ms. Gonzalez did know it. She is able to easily use it to solve problems involving subtraction of integers. But our analysis of the mathematical demands of teaching this lesson shows that more is involved. Modeling Mathematics in Teaching One of the most easily observable teaching tasks is constructing representations that are both mathematically accurate and helpful to learners. In this case, one of these representations involved using chips to solve subtraction problems. As the teacher and student confusion shows, this task is far from straightforward. The representation Ms. Gonzalez created--while mathematically correct--cannot be easily manipulated to arrive at the solution. A more promising way is to interpret subtraction as "taking away" (-3) from the initial quantity: However, only two red chips (-2) are present. How can (-3) be "taken away"? The solution, as briefly described by the textbook, would be to add another pair of black and red chips: The extra pair of black and red is equal to 0, so the total is still -1, but with this representation, three negative units can be taken away, showing the answer as +2. This representation is similar to what we do in multidigit subtraction when we rename the number (conventionally called "regrouping" or "borrowing") to be able to subtract. Had Ms. Gonzalez seen this connection, she might have been better able to support students' use of the chip model. The lesson also requires facility with understanding and handling the mathematics that students say and do. …


Since 1985, a dual-frequency radar-radiometer, built by the Communications Research Laboratory of Japan, has been flown in several NASA-related experiments to test and to develop methods for the estimation of rain rate from space. These measurements have proved useful for developing and justifying methods of rain estimation for the radar to be launched as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. Over this period of time, the instrument was modified to provide, in addition to the usual copolarized data, cross-polarized measurements at X-band (10 GHz) and Ka-band (34.45 GHz). Additional upgrades have been completed to enable measurements of linear depolarization ratio (L/sub DR/) and differential reflectivity ratio (Z/sub DR/) at both frequencies for ground-based observations. Plans are presently underway to combine these measurements with the S-band Spandar radar and the microwave and millimeter-wave link experiments located at Wallops Flight Facility. In this paper, the authors first describe the instrument modifications, then present results taken during a case of light stratiform rain case. Because the calibration of the system is not yet complete, the authors focus on some of the quantitative features of the data obtained at and near the melting layer.


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The situation of mine construction is analyzed,elaborated the application of computer simulation technology in mine construction,is elaborated the advantages of this technology are illustrated.The computer simulation technology will play a positive role in promoting mine construction design and production management,efficient construction.


The authors have analyzed the relation between the voids ratio and properties of asphalt mixture,(taking) non-skid road course AK16 as the example and with the different rammer compactions to obtain the specimens discussed the effect of voids ratio on the properties of asphalt mixture through the tests of(immersion) stability and rut-resistance.


In this research, we examine if Word2Vec can be used as an input for deep learning in categorizing web news. Since each news site has its own categorization policy, we have to search target news at some categories. If we can retrieve target news according to our own categorization policy, it would not be necessary to look for multiple categories that contain target news. We thus categorize web news in this research by machine learning. For the analysis, we use Japanese text data delivered by Japanese web sites. Bag-of-words is a method of vectorial representation of word and it is often used as an input for text classification. Although the method is good for categorization because of higher accuracy, it has a problem in computational complexity in using a neural network. Since it is desirable to reduce the dimension of input layer to resolve its problem, we propose to use Word2Vec for an input to reduce the dimension. Moreover, we examine the accuracy using the same input. Through the experiment, we found that it is practical to express words using Word2Vec as an input of deep learning for categorization document of web news. Keywords— text classification, Word2Vec, deep learning, neural network, Web news, unsupervised learning


Abstract Diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) does not accept electrons from the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) but can donate electrons to a photosystem I (PSI) Mehler reaction in the presence of the following PET inhibitors: DCMU. DBMIB, and bathophenanthroline. It cannot photoreduce PSI in the presence of cyanide, a PET inhibitor. These data indicate that the site of electron donation is after the plastoquinone pool. Ascorbate is not required for the ability of DEDTC to donate electrons to PSI. There is no photoreductant activity by DEDTC inferredoxin/NADP Hill reactions. Superoxide dismutase inhibits DEDTC/DCMU or bathophenanthroline→methylviologen/O2 Mehler reaction. Catalase does not recover the consumed O2 from a DEDTC/DCMU→methylviologen/O2 Mehler reaction, indicating O2- has not been dismutating into H2O2. These results indicate that superoxide is required for DEDTC ability to donate electrons, therefore DEDTC is limited only to Mehler-type reactions.


Method and apparatus for recycling compressed gas present invention relates to, for a compressed gas consumer container blow-molding machine particularly compressed gas used in the gas generator is fed back to the compressor. To increase the recirculation amount, recommendation of the pressure stage, were collected from the compressed gas consuming gas compression means, and which are fed at least a first region and a second pressure back pressure region to the pressure generator.


A path planning algorithm that fits well in the context of IEEE Very Small Size Soccer league, a mobile robotics competition where cubic differential robots play a soccer match autonomously, is the univector field navigation. The implementation of this path planning method involves determining a series of adjustable parameters. Thus, this paper discusses the usage of Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) to optimize univector parameters. The contribution of this work is a methodology where optimization tasks are defined to determine a set of univector parameters, taking into account that two robots are trying to attack the ball simultaneously. At the same time, teammates, field walls, and opponents are obstacles that we must avoid. The results show a substantial improvement in the performance of a simulated team, which went from not scoring any goals in a 12-second long game simulation to scoring goals in an average time frame of 3.57 seconds. Also, the ITAndroids VSSS team won the Latin American Robotics Competition (LARC) 2020 using the obtained parameters.


Changing the environment around detecting areas may lower the performance of a video-based accident detection system. Region of interest(ROI) and background information changing constantly on account of the car headlights at night and a sudden changes in the weather are the biggest factors to increase the ratio of wrong results. Thus, we proposed and implemented the integrated accident detection system combined the video-based system and the laser-based imaging system. In this paper, we were able to overcome the majority problem of video-based system and it was a meaningful results that it can improve the reliability for the system.


The chapters of this book have attempted to convey to the reader some idea of the dimensions of linguistic studies, the concerns and interests of those who work in the field, as well as the assumptions which underlie and the procedures which govern the discipline. Despite the best efforts of the contributors to this volume to discuss the assigned topics clearly and cogently, these matters are not always easily comprehended. In a way this is not surprising. Whenever any facet of human experience toward which we customarily take a pragmatic point of view is suddenly presented in terms of a rigorous, systematic discipline, we find ourselves quite unprepared for the basic questions which are raised about the nature of that experience and the ways in which it may be studied. In this sense the consideration of language does not differ from the consideration of the galaxies in the heavens (astronomy) or the recorded accounts of human experience (history). The induction into any science is a mind-stretching process; the novitiate is always disturbed by the fact that there are more questions than there seem to be answers, and the uncomfortable awareness that the answers are by no means definite or permanent. The result is often bewilderment and resentment. So it has been with the study of language, even among the members of the teaching profession, who must deal with it daily in the classroom on a practical and commonsense basis. This helps to explain why it has taken so long for the systematic study of language, that is to say linguistics, to have the impact upon school curricula and classroom procedures which might normally have been expected. There is another way of looking at the matter, however, and that is in terms of the distinction between pure and applied science. There has always been a considerable time lag be-


Study Design Nineteen dogs underwent L4‐L5 intertransverse process fusions with either 58 μg, 115 μg, 230 μg, 460 μg, or 920 μg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 carried by a polylactic acid polymer. A previous study (12 dogs) compared 2300 μg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2, autogenous iliac bone, and carrier alone in this model. All fusions subsequently were compared. Objectives To characterize the dose‐response relationship of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in a spinal fusion model. Summary of Background Data Recombinant osteoinductive morphogens, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2, are effective in vertebrate diaphyseal defect and spinal fusion models. It is hypothesized that the quality of spinal fusion produced with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2, above a threshold dose, does not change with increasing amounts of inductive protein. Methods After decortication of the posterior elements, the designated implants were placed along the intertransverse process space bilaterally. The fusion sites were evaluated after 3 months by computed tomography imaging, high‐resolution radiography, manual testing, mechanical testing, and histologic analysis. Results As in the study using 2300 μg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2, implantation of 58–920 μg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 successfully resulted in intertransverse process fusion in the dog by 3 months. This had not occurred in animals containing autograft or carrier alone. The cross‐sectional area of the fusion mass and mechanical stiffness of the L4‐L5 intersegment were not dose‐dependent. Histologic findings varied but were not related to rhBMP‐2 dose. Inflammatory reaction to the composite implant was proportional inversely to the volume of the fusion mass. Conclusions No mechanical, radiographic, or histologic differences in the quality of intertransverse process fusion resulted from a 40‐fold variation in dose of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2.


Purpose: An invasive growth pattern is one of the hallmarks of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Actinin-4 is an actin-binding protein associated with enhanced cell motility, invasive growth, and lymph node metastasis. Actinin-4 might play an important role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Experimental Design: The expression of actinin-4 was examined immunohistochemically in 173 cases of invasive pancreatic ductal carcinoma. The copy number of the actinin-4 (ACTN4) gene was calculated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The expression of actinin-4 was stably knocked down by short hairpin RNA, and tumorigenicity was evaluated by orthotopic implantation into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Results: The expression level of actinin-4 was increased in 109 (63.0%) of 173 cases of pancreatic cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that patients with increased expression of actinin-4 had a significantly poorer outcome (P = 0.00001, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazard model showed that high expression of actinin-4 was the most significant independent negative predictor of survival (hazard ratio, 2.33; P = 0.000009). Amplification (defined as more than four copies per interphase nucleus) of the ACTN4 gene was detected in 11 (37.9%) of 29 cases showing increased expression of actinin-4. Knockdown of actinin-4 expression inhibited the destructive growth of cancer cells in the pancreatic parenchyma. Conclusion: Recurrent amplification of chromosome 19q13.1-2 has been reported in pancreatic cancer, but the exact target gene has not been identified. Actinin-4 contributes to the invasive growth of pancreatic ductal carcinoma, and ACTN4 is one of the candidate oncogenes in this chromosome locus.


We present an x-ray quanta image sensor (XQIS) utilizing temporal oversampling and CMOS image sensor technology. The output of the XQIS is a binary bit frame with each bit representing the presence or absence of a detected x-ray photon. The bit frames are read out at very high rate (>1000fps) and a series or bit values are combined to form pixel values using digital frame integration. A system model analyzing the design parameter is presented and the component designs are evaluated in simulation.


Dynamics of neutrophil granulocytes antibacterial system activity during rehabilitation period after dental caries complications treatment was studied. Decrease of neutrophils functional activity, mediated by suppression of antibacterial system activity in inflammatory region was revealed. After traditional treatment of pulpitis and periodontitis within 6 months signs of the local secondary granulocytopathy are remained. The additional prescription of rehabilitation therapy individual courses promotes fast normalization of antibacterial system activity of neutrophils of circulating and local pool, that creates favorable conditions for the rehabilitation period and promotes reduction of number of complications by 2,2 times.


Although surgical repair of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is a safe, widely accepted procedure with negligible mortality, it is associated with morbidity, discomfort and a thoracotomy scar. As an alternative to surgery, a variety of devices for transcatheter closure of ASD have been developed. Large delivery sheath, difficult implantation technique, inability to capture, and structural failure are some of the limitations of previous devices. Objective : This study reports our clinical experience with transcatheter closure of ASD using the Amplatzer TM Septal Occluder, a new occlusion device. Patients & Methods : Patients with ASD met established two-dimensional echocardiographic criteria for transcatheter closure. ASD size was measured by transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) and balloon occlusion catheter (stretched diameter). The Amplatzer TM 's size was chosen to be equal to stretched diameter (± 1 mm). The device was advanced transvenously into a guiding sheath and deployed under fluoroscopic and TEE guidance. Once its position was optimal, it was released. Right atrial atriogram and TEE were undertaken to demonstrate the residual shunt. Results : There were 5 patients with mean age of 9.6 ± 8.4 years and mean weight of 24.7 ± 14.9 kg. The mean ASD diameter measured by TEE was 16.1 ± 2 mm and by stretched diameter was 18.5 ± 3.5 mm. The mean device diameter was 19.2 ± 4 mm (range 15 to 24 mm). Immediately after the deployment, a tiny residual shunt was observed at the core of the device in each case. However, at 24 hours only one patient who had a 24 mm device placed had a small ( 20 mm) safely in our patients.


The main scope of this article is to discuss the human-nature relationship and the influence of outdoor learning on this relation. Nature is conceived in today's society as opposition of culture and as have shown researchers people don't see themselves as a part of the nature when they have to define nature. As a result of the propaganda of different green movements and the instructions from teachers and forest guards, youngsters consider the right behaviour in the forests as follows - no walking on the grass and off the official forest paths, no picking flowers etc. They consider environmental protection very important, but at the same time they are not sure what it is. There is a gap between knowledge and action. The rules that forbid free exploring in the wilderness are reinforcing the alienation from nature. As a result of alienation children don't have a clue how and what the things that surround them are made of and where do they come from have shown several sociological studies made in Germany by natural sociologists. One interesting result of these studies is the fact that children who spend more time outside have similar idea of nature as have the others who have had less personal contact with nature. This shows that alienation from nature exist also on theoretical level as a product of nowadays society. The article argues that it is important to start considering man as a sign that is a part of larger web of signs - the semiobiosphere as believed Mikhail Bachtin and Charles Sanders Peirce.


The research of ecology and landscape reestablishment of river floodplain is considered favorable to its conservation and development.The similarity and difference among river floodplain,wetland,riverside and shore have been reviewed,as well as the progress in the research of floodplain ecology reestablishment in quantitative evaluation,vegetation restoration,the influence on animal habitat and the application of eco-engineering;and of the landscape reestablishment in resource development and utilization,landscape feature and changes,landscape function,structure and control.The potentially important fields are expected to be the change of landscape pattern in different scales,the reasonable protection and utilization in the floodplain tourism,the simulating and monitoring of landscape dynamics,the planning and designing methods of floodplain landscape and the management of floodplain ecosystems.


Abstract : A general approach developed for the computerized simulation of loaded gear drives is presented. In this paper the methodology used to localize the bearing contact, provide a parabolic function of transmission errors, and simulate meshing and contact of unloaded gear drives is developed. The approach developed is applied to spur and helical gears, spiral bevel gears, face-gear drives, and worm-gear drives with cylindrical worms.


Rapid diagnosis of normal and abnormal fermentation conditions in solid-state fermentation (SSF) of bioethanol is crucial to process and quality controls. The Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy analysis technique combined with pattern recognition methods was employed to monitor fermentation conditions (i.e., normal and abnormal) in this study. To achieve optimum performance in identification of fermentation conditions, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM) classifications were employed to construct the recognition models. The optimization of arithmetical parameters and number of principal components (PCs) were implemented simultaneously using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) during the recognition model training phase. The results of this study revealed that the SVM model presented better performance compared to the other two models, and the best SVM recognition model was finally established by use of four PCs. The SVM mode...


As members of the lower ranks of the hierarchical law school caste system, professors of legal skills courses are often branded as "others" in legal academia. This status is reinforced through weaker job security, less respect, and lower pay than received by their doctrinal colleagues. Given this inequality, imposter syndrome plays a pervasive role in the lives and careers of these "non-traditional" law professors. Relying on qualitative and associative data obtained from a survey of teaching faculty and staff at ABA accredited and approved law schools nationwide, this article analyzes how the law school hierarchy manifests as imposter syndrome in professors of legal skills courses and detrimentally impacts their relationships with colleagues; teaching; relationships with students; publication and promotion of scholarship; and personal health and wellbeing. Based on these findings, the article argues that the impacts of imposter syndrome on skills professors—many of which have gendered and racial implications—promote a recurring cycle of classism and discrimination within legal academia. Imposter syndrome is an institutionalized, rather than an individualized, problem and therefore must be addressed as such. Thus, this article concludes that the only way to reduce the insidious presence of imposter syndrome in legal academia is to dismantle the law school caste system and work towards equality.


Recent years have witnessed the publication of a number of research papers and books seeking to assess threats of electoral victories of anti-establishment politicians and political parties, described as authoritarian populists. This essay focuses on three books directly addressing the origins and threats of authoritarian populism to democracy. It consists of six sections and the conclusion. The first section presents findings (Norris and Inglehart) based on surveys of values of voters of various age cohorts concluding that authoritarian populism is a temporary backlash provoked by the post-materialist perspective. The second section examines the contention, spelled out in Levitsky and Ziblatt, that increase in openness of American political system produced,  unintentionally, a degradation of the American political system. The third section continues brief presentations focusing on to the causes and implications of "illiberal democracy," and "undemocratic liberalism" (Mounk). The fourth section examines developments in the quality of democracy in the world showing that despite the decline in Democracy Indices, overall there was no slide towards non-democratic forms of government in 2006–2019. The next two sections deal with dimensions missing in reviewed books; the notion of nation-state, international environment, civic culture and, in particular, dangers of radical egalitarianism to democracy. The last section concludes with regrets that the authors ignored rich literature on fragility of democracy and failed to incorporate in their analyses deeper structural factors eroding democracy: by the same token, return to the pre-populist shock trajectory is unlikely to assure survival of liberal democracy.


Construction contract is the core of construction enterprise's survival and development. The quality of construction contract management will directly affect the project quality and the economic benefits of the enterprise, and the management of the implementation of the project contract signed carefully, to ensure the performance of the contract, the maintenance contract the interests of both sides, the contract management implement. Only in this way, can we create more economic benefits for enterprises, in order to make the enterprises remain invincible in the fierce competition in the industry.


Bulbophyllum xuansonii belonging to section Brachystachyae, discovered in Ninh Binh and Son La provinces is described here as a new species for science. This species is similar to B. xylophyllum and B. gracilipes but can be easily distinguished by the smaller habit and shape of tepals and stelidia. Additionally, B. gracilipes found in Lam Dong Province is reported as the species newly recorded for the flora of Vietnam. The paper provides analytical photos and data on phenology, ecology, and distribution of studied species. Morphological characters of the new species and similar species are shortly discussed. The key for identification of species of B. sect. Brachystachyae in Vietnam is also included.


Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmission has become a popular technique to increase spectral efficiency. Meanwhile, the design of cost-effective receivers for MIMO channels remains a challenging task. Maximum-likelihood (ML) detector can achieve superb performance, yet the computational complexity is enormously high. Receivers based on sphere decoding (SD) reach the performance of ML detectors, and potentially a great deal of computational cost can be saved. In this paper, a practical sphere-decoding algorithm is proposed. It utilizes a simple and effective way to set the initial radius which plays a decisive role in determining the computational complexity. Furthermore, a pseudo-antenna augmentation scheme is employed such that SD can be applied where the number of receive antennas is less than that of transmit antennas; thus enhance the applicability of this powerful algorithm


Small colony variants (SCV) of S. aureus are frequently recovered from patients with chronic infection including airway infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). The study goal was to describe in detail the dynamics of the genotypic and phenotypic changes in a chronological collection of S. aureus SCV and their wild-type counterparts isolated from three CF patients (n=18) during 15 months at three- or five-month intervals.


30 indicating the CSF concentrations of drugs at equilibrium probably reflect serum 'free' concentrations. For phenobarbitone, the mean non-protein bound fraction in serum was 0.52 (lange 0.44-0.71) and the CSF to serum ratio 0.47 (range 0.32-0.78) in 17 patients. Primidone is not significantly bound in serum, and CSF and serum concentrations were approximately equal in I3 patients. However neither the standard techniques of ultrafiltration o~ equilibrium dialysis or measurement of CSF drug concentrations are suitable for routine use. We have therefore assessed whether the measurement of phenytoin by radioimmunoassay in saliva may have clinical applications since it has been suggested that salivary phenytoin concentration is dependent on the flee serum concentration (Bochner et al., 1974). Excellent correlations were found between saliva and serum phenytoin concentrations (r=0.97), saliva levels being approximately 10 per cent of total serum levels, and between saliva, and CSF concentrations (r=0.98), saliva levels being approximately 82 per cent of the CSF levels (Fig. 2). Measurement of salivary phenytoin levels by radioimmunoassay may therefore offer a simple m-ethod of determining biologically available phenytoin in epileptic patients.


Objectives: It has been known that adrenal corticosteroids influence the expression of adrenomedullary catecholamine-synthetizing enzymes and also suppress the emission of axonal-like processes in cultured chromaffin cells. In the present study, it was attempted to investigate the effect of 17-α-estradiol on catecholamine (CA) secretion evoked by acetylcholine(ACh), DMPP, McN-A-343. excess K+ and Bay-K-8644 from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland. Methods: Mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with ether. The adrenal gland was isolated by the method of WaKade. A cannula used for perfusion of the adrenal gland was inserted Into the distal end of the renal vein. The adrenal gland, along with ligated blood vessels and the cannula, was carefully removed from the animal and placed on a platform of a leucite chamber. Results: The perfusion of 17-α-estradiol (1–100 uM) into an adrenal vein for 20 min produced relatively dose-dependent inhibition in CA secretion evoked by ACh (5.32 mM). DMPP (100 uM for 2 min). McN-A-343 (100 uM for 2 min) and Bay-K-8644 (10 uM for 4 min). while it did not affect the CA secretory effect of high K+ (56 mM), Also, in the presence of 17-β-estradiol, CA secretion of ACh, DMPP and McN-A-343, without any effect on excess K+-evoked CA sectretion was depressed. However, in adrenal glands pre-loaded with 17-α-estradiol (10 uM) plus tamoxifen (2 uM). which is known to be a selective antagonist of estrogen receptors (for 20 min), CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, DMPP and McN-A-343 were considerably recovered as compared to that of 17-α-estradiol only, but excess K+-induced CA secretion was not affected. However, pre-treatment with 17-α-estradiol in the presence of meclopramide(dopaminergic antagonist) did not affect the secretory effect of CA evoked by ACh, DMPP, McN-A-343 and high potassium. Conclusions: These results suggest that 17-α-estradiol causes the marked inhibition of CA secretion evoked by cholinergic receptor stimulation, but not that by excess K+, indicating strongly that this effect may be mediated by inhibiting the influx of extracellular calcium into the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells through the activation of inhibitory estrogen receptors, and it also plays a modulatory role in regulating CA secretion.


Expressing opinion is a speech act that can be considered unpolite if delivered in a direct speech. Therefore, when expressing their opinions Japanese people often use various speech act constructions so that their opinions are not too straight to the point. This is done in order to respect and maintain the interlocutor's feeling. In this study, the author examines speech acts expressing opinions in everyday conversation by looking at the construction used and its meaning. This research is limited to speech acts expressing opinions or facts in conversations on 1 Rittoru no Namida drama series. The method that used in this reseach is descriptive method. From the results of the study it was found that when expressing opinions or facts, speakers in the drama series 1 Rittoru no Namida used various constructions. The most widely used construction is guess construction. In addition, the construction of approval requests construction, avoidance construction, considerations construction, and elliptical construction are also used on the conversations.


The expression of surface energy of particles was given through thermodynamics analysis and mathematical computation. It also discussed in the paper two typical stacks of particles and the effects of expanding and contracting mechanism of the Huadong sintering model in order to guide engineering application.


A method for producing a mixture of glucooligosaccharides having two or more links (α1 → 6) glucosidicosconsecutivos and two or more links (α1 → 4) consecutive glucoside, comprising contacting a substrate poly and / or oligosaccharides comprising at its nonreducing end at least two units of D-glucose linked enα-1 → 4 with an α-glucanotransferase enzyme capable of cleaving the links (α1 → 4) glucosidic and perform nuevosenlaces (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glucosidic, and wherein said α-glucanotransferase is an enzyme GTFB type, or one Desus functional homologues having specified enzyme activity.


Objective To study the clinical significance of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)in the interventional treatment of secundum atrial septal defect(ASD)with Amplatzer occluders.Methods TTE study was performed before the interventional therapy to select 76 cases ASD.The defect closures were monitored and guided with TTE throughout the procedure,The configuration of occluder,the instance of valve counter current and shunt around the occluder were observed.Results Forty cases ASD II and 12 cases large ASD were all subjected to occulusion procedure successfully.9 cases were subjected to occulusion procedure successfully in 10 cases ASD with incompete side.6 cases(75%) multiple ASD were subjected to occulusion procedure successfully.6 cases atrial septal aneurysm were all subjected to occulusion procedure successfully.In 22 cases,mitral valve,tricuspid valve had shunt or small shunt.After regulating the position and direction of the occluder,16 cases shunt disappeared immdiately and 6 cases disappeared among 6 months.Conclusions TTE is a useful approach to the preliminary selection of appropriate ASD,and it is invaluable for effective evaluation and prognosis assessment.


Immatures of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Larva and pupa of Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928), collected in trunks of Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Paratenthras martinsi Monne, 1998, collected in spathes of Scheelea phalerata (Mart. ex Spreng.) Burret, are described and illustrated. Larva and pupa of Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884, collected in Hymenaea corbaril L., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong and Pterogyne nitens Tul., are redescribed and illustrated. A table with all described immatures of Lamiinae, and a comparison among the immatures of Acanthocinini are presented. Biological notes and new records are also included.


Thus Daniel Trabue (1760-1840) begins the memories of his life. This manuscript was transcribed in 1827 in the little town of Columbia, Kentucky, of which Trabue was a founder. Trabue, of French extraction, grew up in colonial Virginia and at the end of the Revolutionary War chose to go back with his family into the Kentucky wilderness -where he had fought Indians and redcoats -to establish himself in the upper Green River country, making his fortune in the name of an ideal America (the Columbia for whom his town was named) and deciding to tell his story by writing down his memories. Unlike other written recollections by common people, Trabue's manuscript did not remain a family document: it was preserved by Lyman Copeland Draper in his collection of manuscripts on the history of the American West. The earliest publication of part of the 148 pages in Draper's possession was in two issues of the weekly Richmond Standard in May 1879. But only the first six pages of the manuscript found a place in that newspaper. Another partial edition of the narrative was published in 1916 by Lillie DuPuy VanCulin Harper with the title Colonial Men


The major cause of the failure of beta alumina ceramic electrolyte in sodium/sulphur cells is the onset of electronic conduction through the electrolyte with a consequential reduction in Faradaic efficiency followed, in some cases, by complete failure of the cell. At this final stage sodium metal has penetrated the ceramic. Although crack propagation has been suggested as the cause of this penetration, it has been observed that the electrolyte darkens significantly before this final stage. In order to establish the role of this darkening in the failure sequence, the existence of colour centres has been examined by thermoluminescence.


Passive attitude stabilization techniques such as G ravity Gradient stabilization, Passive Magnetic Stabilization, and Aerodynamic stabilizati on in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are effective and relatively simple methods to control the attitude of small satellites and provide basic pointing control. The design of such stabiliz ation systems is achievable using a high fidelity simulation of all major environmental effe cts of the desired orbit to study the onorbit behavior and the effectiveness of the stabili ty system in overcoming the disturbance torques. The Attitude Propagator described in this paper was developed to study earthorbiting nano-satellites and includes models for th e orbit parameters, gravity gradient torque, aerodynamic torque, magnetic torque, and magnetic hysteresis material behavior for angular rotation damping. The implementation of the Orbital Environment Simulator is described, followed by analysis and verification of the simulation accuracy using collected on-orbit data of passively stabilized satellites. F inally, the Passive Magnetic Stabilization system of KySat-1, a one-unit CubeSat designed by Kentucky Space, is described in detail with the corresponding simulation results from the Orbital Environment Simulator.


A multi-objective optimal control model for nonlinear multilevel dynamicalsystem is built in this paper. The existence of the solutions to this systemand the controllability and the polykeys of the control are discussed. In orderto obtain the global optimal solution, Uniform Design method is introducedto select initial1 feasible points, then an improved Hooke-jeeves algorithm isproposed. The new algorithm and its corresponding software we developed hasvalidated in more than 12 horizontal wells, which show their advantages suchas less length of trajectory designed, more accuracy of target hitting and lesstime-consuming comparison with present conventional method.


Protecting Medical image against tampering has highly importance in the coming digital hospitals era. Embedding additional data inside the medical images should not perceptually affect the image quality. The ability of not only localizing tampers, but also recovering the real data of region of interest (ROI), is highly significant for diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel ROI reconstruction algorithm based on the data hiding technique. The proposed algorithm can efficiently detect and recover distortions in an irregular region of interest (IROI) in the medical image with its vertices. IROI pixels are embedded in the image itself while preserving the image quality. At the receiver side, the possibly corrupted pixels of the IROI region are detected and recovered. The irregularity of the ROI saves embedding unimportant pixels compared to the other developed algorithms that use the rectangular ROI. This increases the payload capacity. The experimental results show that, the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the marked image exceeds 50db, that is 3% increase on the average compared to other methods. Moreover, the shape of the ROI is not limited to rectangular shapes which is more comfortable to physicians.


This paper approaches the browsers compatibility problems of CSS from three aspects:browser,solution to compatibility problem and CSS debugging.First it introduces commonly used browsers,and then it enumerates some CSS browser compatibility problems and gives the solution.Finally it presents two common inspection tools for CSS:IETester and firefug.


The proposed design method starts with the identification of basic design concepts based on acoustical engineering judgement. Then, two complementary approaches are used to analyse the effectiveness of these basic design concepts as well as the effect of various manufacturing and assembly parameters on the noise level. The first approach is to conduct statistically designed experiments to identify key parameters, their effects and their interactions. The second approach is a finite element modelisation including a sensitivity analysis of the quadratic velocity as a function of key parameters


SWEARING USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF "RUSH HOUR 3" MOVIE
ABSTRACT
Swearing is, a taboo word, frequently appears in daily conversation (Kapoor, 2014). Some people swear to express their feeling in different situation such as, happy, stress, angry, hurt, upset, shock, frustration, etc. Swearing also can be used by society as an additional words or phrases in daily conversation. It is also used as a complement for emphasizing something and describing feeling. Swearing is used not only in daily life but also movie. In a movie, the swearing expression often presents in an action movie, especially, "Rush Hour 3" movie (categorized as an action comedy movie). The researcher investigated swearing expressions used by two main characters of "Rush Hour 3" movie (Inspector Lee and James Carter) focusing on the types of swearing and the functions of swearing. This investigation utilized qualitative research. According to Fraenkel & Wallen (2009), qualitative research is a study which aims is to get and develop the relationship, activities, situations, or materials. The research subjects of this investigation were two main characters (Inspector Lee and James Carter) of "Rush Hour 3" movie. The data were in the form of transcript that had been downloaded from the internet. The data were collected for about 23 days start from Mei 28th, up to June 27th, 2019. The instrument here was the researcher himself
The finding of this investigation confirmed that swearing expressions used by two main characters (Inspector Lee and James Carter) of "Rush Hour 3" movie were 58 types of swearing. Those types were identified into dysphemistic swearing, abusive swearing, cathartic swearing, emphatic swearing, idiomatic swearing. From those 58 swearing the researcher identified functions of swearing namely: insult, invective, obscenity, profanity, swear, taboo, vulgarity. The most dominant type of swearing was cathartic swearing to show bad experience, accident, frustration and so on, while the most dominant function of swearing was insult generated from cathartic swearing. The insult swearing is mostly used because the swearing words utilized by James Carter and Inspector Lee including offensive action, speak disrespectfully to people and deliver a rude word.


The exchange between domestic and overseas products as well as services is increasing owing to the gradual advancement of globalization. In 1993, Gu Rong first proposed the concept of "translating product instructions," then product instructions became a hot topic in the field of translation research. Based on empirical research, this paper analyzes the textual characteristics and translation strategies for product instructions in a bid to provide reference for translation research [1].


In the environment of Internet,how to describe service is one of the essential problems of application integration based on web service.Web service composition technology supplies an excellent solution.This thesis,taking semantic web service composition theory as the foundation,analyzing the characteristics of manufacturing information source,selecting stock management field as applied examples,puts forward a general method of manufacturing Web service composition to Ontology Web language for services.


The Chang'e-1 was successfully launched on Oct. 24th,2007 from Xichang Satellite Launch Center and was guided to crash the Moon on Mar. 1st,2009. The total mission duration is 495 days. The total amount of raw data is about 1.37Tbyte,on the basis of which 4Tbyte of scientific data have been produced. By the analysis and application of these data,a series of science results have been achieved,especially "The Global Image of the Moon by the First Lunar Mission of China",The Chang'e-1 has made out its four scientific objectives and provided foundations for the promotion of the lunar sciences and planetology and the succeeding lunar exploration missions in China. Since the success of Chang'e-1,the technical modification for Chang' e-2(CE-2)has been completed for the new mission goals. Chang'e-2 will be developed as a technical test probe for the second stage of China's Lunar Exploration Program,and will be launched in Oct. 2010. The time from the probe launch to its capture by the Moon will be shortened from CE-1's 13 days to CE-2's 5 days. The orbit altitude will lowered down from CE-1's 200 km to CE-2's 100km. The spatial resolution of CCD stereo camera will be improved from CE-1's 120m to CE-2's 10m. The frequency of laser pulse of laser altimeter will be improved from CE-1's 1 Hz to CE-2's 5 Hz. The mission goals of CE-2 will focus on the high resolution image for the future landing site of CE-3 lunar lander and rover. The key technologies for soft landing on the moon will be tested in the CE-2 mission. The success of CE-2 will provide important technical basis for the successful implementation of China's future lunar exploration.


An extensive search has been carried out to find all major flood and very heavy rainfall events in Victoria since 1876 when Southern Oscillation (SOI) data became available. The synoptic weather patterns were analysed and of the 319 events studied,121 events were found to be East Coast Lows (ECLs) and 82 were other types of low-pressure systems. Tropical influences also played a large role with 105 events being associated with tropical air advecting down to Victoria into weather systems. Examples are presented of all the major synoptic patterns identified. The SOI was found to be an important climate driver with positive SOIs being associated with many events over the 144 years studied. The 1976 Climate Shift and its influence on significant Victorian rainfall events is studied and negative SOI monthly values were shown to dominate following the Shift.However,one of the most active periods in 144 years of Victorian heavy rain occurred after the shift with a sustained period of positive SOI events from 2007 to 2014. Therefore, it is critical for forecasting future Victorian heavy rainfall is to understand if sequences of these positive SOI events continue like those preceding the Shift. Possible relationships between the Shift and Global Temperature rises are also explored. Upper wind data available from some of the heaviest rainfall events showed the presence of anticyclonic turning of the winds between 850hPa and 500hPa levels which has been found to be linked with extreme rainfall around the Globe.


This paper aiming to finishing precision of crankshaft hole of an engine cylinder,selects method of boring as the crankshaft hole finishing by analyzing its processing difficult.And it determined the tool material and form,method of processing cooling and chip clearance.This paper formulated the scheme of crankshaft hole finishing' s positioning and clamping,and determined the boring' s cutting parameters.Finally the cylinder is trial cut through the manufacture of the machine tool.The precision indicators of crankshaft hole reach or exceed the design requirements after tested,and it is put into a Chongqing machine manufacture enterprise successfully.


Nowadays, several research concerns studying the behavior of FRP reinforcement in different structural members. FRP bars have numerous advantages that make them a good alternative to steel reinforcement, such as superior mechanical properties, non-corrosivity, sustainability, and a relatively higher stiffness-to-weight ratio compared to steel reinforcement. FRP also has good fatigue characteristics, damage tolerance, nonmagnetic properties, simplicity of transportation and handling, and low energy consumption during manufacturing. This paper presents a general review of the behavior of concrete beams reinforced with different types of FRP. The effect of using the different types of FRP reinforcement on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams has been evaluated in terms of the ultimate capacity, deflection, cracking patterns, etc. In addition, this paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of using some techniques for strengthening reinforced concrete beams such as applying externally bonded CFPR or steel plates on the flexural and shear behavior of the tested beams.


aState Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China bKey Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, People's Republic of China cMaterial Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, Beijing 102209, People's Republic of China


The contemporary manuscript proposes eight (8) procedures to prescribe concepts and define ways to composite progressive indicators (CPI). Composite appraising supportive progress (CASP) is processed using proper defined indicators as per apt methods. The emphasis is on CPI to express its unification with CASP. Huge range of authors papers is contributed to obtain and estimate the best procedures guiding CPI to progressive economy. The imposed conceptions of CPI are aspects, goals, criteria, categorization and principles with pressure-state-response (PSR) framework. The characterized means to compulsory CPI are design process, framework model and top-down and bottom-up approaches to assess CASP.


In November 2007 NIST announced that it would organize the SHA-3 competition to select a new cryptographic hash function family by 2012. In the selection process, hardware performances of the candidates will play an important role. Our analysis of previously proposed hardware implementations shows that three SHA-3 candidate algorithms can provide superior performance in hardware: Keccak, Luffa and Blue Midnight Wish (BMW). In this paper, we provide efficient and fast hardware implementations of these three algorithms. Considering both single- and multi-message hashing applications with an emphasis on both speed and efficiency, our work presents more comprehensive analysis of their hardware performances by providing different performance figures for different target devices. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that provides a comparative analysis of SHA-3 candidates in multi-message applications. We discover that BMW algorithm can provide much higher throughput than previously reported if used in multi-message hashing. We also show that better utilization of resources can increase speed via different configurations. We implement our designs using Verilog HDL, and map to both ASIC and FPGA devices (Spartan3, Virtex2, and Virtex 4) to give a better comparison with those in the literature. We report total area, maximum frequency, maximum throughput and throughput/area of the designs for all target devices. Given that the selection process for SHA3 is still open; our results will be instrumental to evaluate the hardware performance of the candidates.


The problem of dynamic relocation and phase-out of combined manufacturing plant and warehousing facilities in the supply chain are concerned.A multiple time/multiple objective model is proposed to maximize total profit during the time horizon, minimize total access time from the plant/warehouse facilities to its suppliers and customers and maximize aggregated local incentives during the time horizon.The relocation problem keeps the feature of NP-hard and with the traditional method the optimal result cannot be got easily.So a compact genetic algorithm (CGA) is introduced to solve the problem.In order to accelerate the convergence speed of the CGA, the least square approach is introduced and a fast compact genetic algorithm (fCGA) is proposed.Finally, simulation results with the fCGA are compared with the CGA and classical integer programming (IP).The results show that the fCGA proposed is of high efficiency for Pareto optimality problem.


Based on Markov model, this paper analyzes a soft standby's reliability and safety in PUSH system for digital TV, which is constituted by two PUSH VOD severs working on master-slave mode. It illustrates 5 interesting rules that can guide us to design a more reliable and more secure system. We will see some key parameters that is positive correlated with the reliability may be negative correlated with the safety at the same time. What's more, it shows that using different algorithm for mutual checking can hold system's safety even though each algorithm may be not so efficient. Profit evaluations of such hot standby and advices to design are also given. 


The reference to teacher education rather than teacher training is deliberate, for although there is a training aspect in courses of teacher preparation, the term 'training' implies a fairly narrow, specific focus, which suggests providing instruction or imparting skills related to the requirements of a job. 'Education', on the other hand, deals more broadly with a person's development, where there is a deepening of understanding and a growing ability to analyse and synthesize ideas. The distinction between 'education' and 'training' is therefore an important indication of our approach to structuring courses for intending teachers. The question, 'Artist or Teacher?', is simple enough and, on one level, so is the answer:


In this study, effect of using treated wastewater secondary effluent on the growth and yield of grapes was evaluated. The wastewater quality assessment indicated that some parameters did not comply with Lebanese standards for crop irrigation. Further studies should be conducted on the quality of crops irrigated using treated and raw wastewater to assess the risks on human health, soil and groundwater. Results showed that the overall biomass increased in plants irrigated with wastewater and grape production per plant increased by 40%.


The cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane (BHMO) and the copolymerization of BHMO with 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane (EOX) were studied. Medium molecular weight polymers (number-average molecular weight 2 x 10 3 ) were obtained in bulk polymerization. Poly[3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-oxetane], as highly insoluble, was only characterized by gel permeation chromatography and NMR methods in the esterified form. Copolymers of BHMO and EOX that were slightly soluble in organic solvents were characterized in more detail. In a copolymerization from a 1:1 mixture, the comonomers were consumed at equal rates. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis confirmed that a random 1:1 copolymer was formed. 13 C NMR analysis indicated that in contrast to previously described homopolymers of EOX in which the degree of branching was limited, the homopolymers of BHMO were highly branched. This pattern was preserved in the copolymers; EOX units were predominantly linear, whereas BHMO units were predominantly branched. The copolymerization of BHMO with EOX provides, therefore, a route to multihydroxyl branched-polyethers with various degrees of branching containing -OH groups exclusively as ≡C-CH 2 -OH units.


Cytokines play key roles in periodontal homeostasis and altered pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles may be related to periodontal destruction. Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether different patterns of mRNA expression for IL-1beta and IL-10 exist in gingival tissues with various periodontal conditions and to evaluate their potential relationship with periodontal conditions. Methods: 141 gingival biopsies were collected from 22 subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 13 with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) during periodontal surgery, including periodontal pockets tissues (PoT), gingivitis tissues (GiT) and clinically healthy tissues (HT-P). 14 healthy control tissues (HT-C) were collected from 8 periodontally healthy subjects. The samples were evaluated for mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-10 and beta-actin by RT-PCR. Results: mRNAs for both cytokines (IL-1beta/IL-10) was frequently detected in controls (92.9%/100%) and in both CP (96.3%/86.4%) and AgP patients (89.6%/83.3%). No significant difference was found in detection frequency either between the sub-categories of samples in CP and AgP patients, or between the same categories of samples from CP and AgP patients. Inter-related mRNA expression of IL-1beta and IL-10 existed in HT-C (r=0.562, p<0.05) as well as in HT-P (r=0.315, p<0.05) and PoT (r=0.322, p<0.05). In HT-C, the detection frequency of samples with relatively stronger or weaker expression of IL-1beta mRNA was 28.5% (IL-1beta > IL-10) and 28.6% (IL-1beta IL-10), The corresponding in various patient samples were as follows - PoT/GiT/HT-P: 51.3%/61.6%/41.4% in CP and 68.4%/69.3%/43.8% in AgP patients; and 15.4%/15.4%/24.1% in CP and 15.8%/15.4%/25.0% in AgP patients. Conclusions: IL-1beta and IL-10 mRNAs were frequently expressed in periodontal health and disease, while their relative expression levels varied under different periodontal conditions. Relatively stronger mRNA expression of IL-1beta over IL-10 to show a trend toward involving in periodontal inflammation and destruction. Supported by the Hong Research Grants


Construction industries globally account for 40% of green house gas emissions with a potential to reverse the current growth trend in developed and developing nations, if measures are not initiated towards curbing them. India is producing nearly 14.5 million tonnes of construction waste per year. 70% of waste comes from cement and steel alone, that has a large carbon footprint at production stage. The component of materials cost comprises nearly 40%–60% of the project cost. Therefore material waste generation from construction activity is also huge in monetary terms. This paper deals with an innovative service that provides a sustainable solution to construction site for waste mitigation, through transformation of their waste output as a resource into another end product and disbursing the basic products for building affordable and rapid housing as a free service to the deprived sections of society. This process re-engineering will benefit construction projects in terms of certified emissions ratings and carbon credits.


Due to the continued development and implementation of autonomous vehicles, the necessity for safe testing of these systems has increased. There is push-back to Uber bringing self-driving taxis to the streets as well as uncertainty with the safety of autonomous algorithms after the high profile Tesla autopilot crash early in 2016. Physical testing has begun to be implemented but virtual simulation capabilities could reduce the cost as well as increase the flexibility and safety of autonomous vehicle testing. Software developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has created an opportunity to simulate many vehicle, high-fidelity systems to model autonomous-autonomous, autonomous-human, and autonomous-environment interactions. By implementing realistic virtual sensors in Chrono, self-driving algorithms can be tested in edge cases including rain, snow, and fog. These sensors will provide accurate data based on physical noise models and affects from the environment.


Background People living with HIV and depression have high rates of suicide. Studies of mobile health (mHealth) interventions have shown feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy in improving mental health in people living with HIV and depression. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms and effects of mHealth interventions on suicide. Objective This study was designed to examine the mechanisms and effects of a WeChat-based intervention, Run4Love, on suicide among people living with HIV and depression in China, while considering perceived stress and depressive symptoms as mediators. Methods A sample of 300 People living with HIV and depression was recruited from the outpatient clinic of a large HIV or AIDS treatment hospital and was randomized to the Run4Love group or a control group. Data were collected at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups. Path analysis modeling, with longitudinal data, was used in data analyses. Results The Run4Love mHealth intervention had a direct effect on reducing suicide rate at the 6-month follow-up (beta=−.18, P=.02) and indirect effect through reducing perceived stress and depressive symptoms at the 3-month follow-up (beta=−.09, P=.001). A partial mediating effect between perceived stress and depressive symptoms accounted for 33% (–0.09/–0.27) of the total effect. Conclusions Through path analyses, we understood the mechanisms and effects of an mHealth intervention on suicide prevention. The findings underscored the importance of stress reduction and depression treatment in such a program. We call for more effective suicide prevention, especially mHealth interventions targeting the vulnerable population of people living with HIV and depression. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IPR-17012606; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=21019


Objective: To explore social support and depression among people living with HIV/AIDS and analyze the related factors.Methods: One hundred and six people living with HIV/AIDS were selected using purposive sampling.General condition questionnaire,Social Support Scale(SSS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) were used in the survey.One-way analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for the result.Results: The SSS values(29.55±8.59) among people with HIV/AIDS were significantly higher than Chinese norm of SSS(P0.01) and the SDS values(44.00±5.34) were significantly lower than Chinese norm of SDS(P0.01).One-way analysis results suggested that people with different routes of infection and whether or not receiving treatment had differences in the scores of SSS(P0.05),people with different ages,routes of infection and whether or not receiving treatment had differences in SDS scores(P0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and infection through sexual contact were the positive factors(P0.05),while the SSS was the negative factor(P0.05).Conclusion: People living with HIV/AIDS had poor social support and depression than average people.Interventions should be conducted to enhance the level of social support and relieve depression of people living with HIV/AIDS.