It is considered appropriate occasionally to make independent checks on the effectiveness of the plant laundry in removing radioactive contamination from plant-issue protective clothing. Previous surveys have offered constructive criticism resulting in improved handling of high level and soft beta contaminated clothing and incorporation in new designs of ventilating and air sampling recommendations. Recurrently the adequacy of laundry reject limits is questioned, and only recently an accurate, special study resulted in relaxed limits for Metal Preparation area clothing. A current question concerns the advisability of determining the reject level on the beta-gamma monitor more frequently than once a day. 2 tabs.


In 1855, Thakur led a rebellion of the tribal Santals against the British in eastern India. Some historians refused to admit Thakur's involvement in the event because of a three-century-old prejudice against giving supernatural beings agency when we write history. In Provincializing Europe, Dipesh Chakrabarty argues that historians must "anthropologize" such beliefs rather than take them seriously. Taking a cue from their less-than-marginal place in scholarship today, we call supernatural beings the "Unbelieved" and the explicit or implicit denial of them "Dogmatic Secularism." We argue that objective historians should not discount, in advance, evidence that points to the existence or involvement of the Unbelieved in history; instead, we should cultivate a sceptical attitude towards all sources. In this, the first half of a two-part essay, we trace the boundaries of this epistemological problem in the scholarship about the Santal Rebellion and beyond.


Coal is gasified under elevated pressures and temperatures in a reactor having a rotatably mounted grate and supply conduits for oxygen-containing and oxygen-free gasifying agents. The rotary grate contains an internal chamber adjacent to the bearing for the grate and one of the supply conduits is adapted to feed an oxygen-free fluid to this internal chamber. The upper-most portion of the rotary grate contains a substantially closed internal chamber which has a supply conduit for feeding an oxygen-free fluid thereto. A mixing chamber is positioned between the uppermost chamber and the chamber adjacent the bearing for the grate and is provided with passages which lead to the charge to be gasified. The mixing chamber communicates with the uppermost chamber as well as the chamber adjacent the bearing and also has a supply conduit for feeding gasifying agents containing free oxygen thereto. The process disclosed involves maintaining those portions of the rotary grate having the least resistance to free oxygen in a steam atmosphere.


COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus disease that has been declared as a global pandemic in 2019. It affects the whole world through person-to-person communication. This virus spreads by the droplets of coughs and sneezing, which are quickly falling over the surface. Therefore, anyone can get easily affected by breathing in the vicinity of the COVID-19 patient. Currently, vaccine for the disease is under clinical investigation in different pharmaceutical companies. Until now, multiple medical companies have delivered health monitoring kits. However, a wireless body area network (WBAN) is a healthcare system that consists of nano sensors used to detect the real-time health condition of the patient. The proposed approach delineates is to fill a gap between recent technology trends and healthcare structure. If COVID-19 affected patient is monitored through WBAN sensors and network, a physician or a doctor can guide the patient at the right time with the correct possible decision. This scenario helps the community to maintain social distancing and avoids an unpleasant environment for hospitalized patients Herein, a Monte Carlo algorithm guided protocol is developed to probe a secured cipher output. Security cipher helps to avoid wireless network issues like packet loss, network attacks, network interference, and routing problems. Monte Carlo based covid-19 detection technique gives 90% better results in terms of time complexity, performance, and efficiency. Results indicate that Monte Carlo based covid-19 detection technique with edge computing idea is robust in terms of time complexity, performance, and efficiency and thus, is advocated as a significant application for lessening hospital expenses.


This paper presents a new multi-stage adaptive search (MSAS) vector quantization algorithm for image compression. It permits improved solutions which approximate the exhaustive- search multistage solution. The standard multi-stage vector quantization algorithm had the advantage of simple structure and low complexity. However, the performance degrades rather rapidly when the number of stages increases. Our algorithm has the same advantage as the standard algorithm, but the performance is much higher and also higher than the tree/full search vector quantization. The adaptive search algorithm can also be applied to the tree-search vector quantization (VQ). Tree adaptive search algorithm is a very powerful algorithm. The larger the tree-structured codebook, the better the performance of tree adaptive search VQ algorithm. However, when the codebook size increases, the codebook generation complexity and the required codebook memory increases exponentially too. A multi-path algorithm is also presented in this work. It can improve the performance of multi-stage adaptive/non-adaptive search VQ. It only increases the complexity of encoder. For the decoder, it is identical to the multistage algorithm.


A method is developed for determining molecular conformations through analysis of experimental molar Cotton-Mouton constants in conjunction with known anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities and electric polarizabilities for structural groups. Molar Cotton-Mouton constants (× 1016 e.m.u.), and derived interplanar angles, for molecules as solutes in carbon tetrachloride at 20°C are: biphenyl (+ 70, 0°); 2,2′-bipyridyl (+ 76, 25°); 9,9′-bianthryl (+160, 62°); 9-phenylanthracene (+ 157, 70°); 1-phenylnaphthalene (+79, 66°); 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (+169, 35°).


Today many university teachers attend competency development courses as individuals. In this paper we consider collegial and collective competency development. We examine what role collegial peer review could play in developing the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for university teachers. The paper is based on a case study that explores how a group of university teachers experienced collegial development and peer review. Based on the teachers' account, we identify how the activity helped them break the isolation they experienced at their department, enabled them to navigate the landscape of different courses and strengthened their roles as teacher, e.g., through collaboration with colleagues. We also present some frictions and tensions that were reported. Based on the case study, we propose that professional development in academia could benefit from acknowledging collegial peer review as an output in its own right.


The goal of this paper is to assess the resilience of Portuguese banks to the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, diagnostic variables of 19 banks were selected and prioritized using linear ordering methods. This methodology allowed us to perform rankings of banks using six linear ordering methods and taking into account two weighting procedures and two variants of the diagnostic feature. The study was also supplemented by a sensitivity analysis and an optimization procedure aimed at identifying the optimal linear ordering method. The main results obtained show that the resilience of Portuguese banks is not evenly distributed among individual banks. These findings could be used by regulators to plan support measures for the most fragile banks.


Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease of chronic evolution caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, which affects humans and canines. It is transmitted mainly by the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, with incrimination of Lutzomyia evansi in parts of Colombia and Venezuela. Dogs are considered the main domestic reservoir of the parasite in the world, constituting part of the epidemiological cycle of human transmission. Given the epidemiological importance of canines in the control of Visceral Leishmaniasis and the need to determine the real impact of the infection in the endemic areas, the employment of diagnostic efficient tests is fundamental, that don't underestimate the incidence, nor the prevalencia of the disease, and that also allows the acquisition of reliable results, which minimize the false-positive reactions and the cross-reactions with other related parasites. The present article checks the diagnostic methods for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) and establishes, in a general manner, some research and development priorities in this topic.


Driven by a demand for integrated optical sensors in structural health and environmental monitoring we present the application of plasmonic gradient structures as sensor substrate. Therefore, nanoparticle arrays of gold are fabricated by interference lithography, which exhibit localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The plasmonic properties of such nanoparticles can be tuned by altering their size. In our approach, an additional photochemical growth by exposure to HAuCl4 and light is used to manufacture gradients of nanoparticle sizes within the array. These gradients in turn induce different spectral responses depending on the illuminated region of the array gradient. To enable sensing applications, such plasmonic gradient structures are placed as a filter in front of a photodetector to allow detection of transmitted optical signals from different locations of the array. Different applications can be envisioned in this configuration: On the one hand, sensing of wavelength shifts of the illuminating light source can be enabled by comparing the photocurrents generated in adjacent sensor elements. Additionally the application of refractive index measurements is demonstrated with the same detector configuration. The change in extinction of the illuminating light at different wavelengths can be used to obtain an intensity shift at the detector elements. This shift correlates to the change of the spectral resonance conditions in the array gradient upon change of refractive index.


Abstract : A database management system (DBMS) can have numerous errors and inconsistencies in its data. Examples of errors and inconsistencies that may be contained in a DBMS are: Referential integrity violations, logical inconsistencies, redundancies and out-of-range values. During a conversion of database management systems, the errors and inconsistencies in the source system must be corrected so the data entered into the new target DBMS will be accurate. The goal of this thesis is to examine a source database management system to determine what errors and inconsistencies are possible, to propose a methodology to detect them, and to correct such errors and inconsistencies prior to entering the data into the target DBMS. In applying my proposals, the thesis will examine the specific systems utilized by the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York. The Academy uses a UNISYS 1100/72 mainframe computer in support of its existing network model DBMS. West Point proposes to convert network model to a relational model system. The thesis will also address the general applicability of this methodology to other database management system conversions.


In this paper, we consider the problem of finding dense intrinsic correspondence between manifolds using the recently introduced functional framework. We pose the functional correspondence problem as matrix completion with manifold geometric structure and inducing functional localization with the L1 norm. We discuss efficient numerical procedures for the solution of our problem. Our method compares favorably to the accuracy of state-of-the-art correspondence algorithms on non-rigid shape matching benchmarks, and is especially advantageous in settings when only scarce data is available.


According to the experiments we have done to the sitophius zea-mais adult and tribolium castaneum adult,which processed by carbon dioxide on different conditions (including diffrent processing period, carbon dioxide potency,grain moisture content,grain temperature),we know that carbon dioxide has a better insecticidal action.Sfitophius zea-mais has much stronger sensitive to carbon dioxide,but carbon dioxide can not damage sitophius zea-mais completely in a very short time,even though which potency is 100%.


A global terrestrial hydrology model has been developed for the transport and storage of moisture and heat in the ground surface layer where the hydrological parameters react to diurnal and seasonal changes in the atmosphere. The spatial and temporal variability of land surface features is considered in the model by means of large scale parameterizations. The model can be either forced by the atmosphere using conventional meteorological data or coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) for interactive studies. The global surface is divided into 4 deg longitude by 5 deg latitude cells while the ground is represented by a thin surface layer, a bulk layer (the root zone), and a deep layer (the ground water zone). Results are presented from a seven-day global experiment which was conducted utilizing the GLAS GCM (NASA Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences). The model has demonstrated its capability to predict, over a large region, the overall soil moisture storage and major flux exchanges with the atmosphere above and the ground water below.


Autoimmune inner ear lesions were induced in SD rats by immunizing them with native type II collagen. All immunized animals had high levels of antibodies to native type II collagen. The histopathological changes observed in the inner ear of immunized animals included mild extension of Reissner's membrane (22%), atrophied organ of Corti (22%) and spiral ganglion cell degeneration (35%). These findings suggest that immune responces directed against type II collagen can induce inner ear disorders.


Introductory computer science courses often present the concept of algorithm efficiency in a rather late stage, through searching and sorting problems. We believe that the concept of efficiency can...


The determination of the workspace is a very important aspect from the design of a robot in order to specify its margins of maneuver and to define all the points reachable during its operation. In this article, we present the study of the geometric reconfigurations of a constrained robot with three degrees of freedom (D.O.F), which are obtained by adjusting the length of the three kinematic chains and which lead us to plot the working spaces of the robot. To do this, we propose a method allowing to obtain a 3D representation of the workspace. This method is exact in the sense that it allows to determine the geometric nature of the boundary of the workspace. We do not therefore use a discretization of the translation parameters.


We investigate majority- and minority-carrier mobilities in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) made from upgraded metallurgical-grade (UMG) feedstock. Since UMG-Si contains high amounts of both boron and phosphorus, a decrease of the carrier mobility due to increased scattering at ionized impurities is expected. Minority-carrier mobilities are determined by measuring effective carrier lifetimes τeff on as-cut wafers, where τeff is limited by carrier diffusion to the unpassivated surfaces. By examining a wafer cut vertically from the mc-Si ingot, we indeed find a reduction in minority-carrier mobility μmin with increasing dopant density. In addition, we find a further strong reduction of μmin in the transition region from p - to n -type silicon. Similar results are obtained regarding the majority-carrier mobility μmaj, which is investigated by combining measurements of the resistivity ρ and the equilibrium hole concentration p0 (equilibrium electron concentration n0 in n -type material) obtained from electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements. Apart from an overall reduction in μmaj compared to values measured in non-compensated p -type mc-Si, an additional pronounced decrease of the mobility with increasing compensation level is observed. This additional reduction can be explained by reduced screening of the ionized scattering centers. We propose a parameterization of the experimental data based on the Brooks-Herring equation and find excellent agreement between the two (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


CC2005 used the bodies of knowledge (BOKs) of the five computing disciplines then officially recognized to position them relative to each other. Since that time several revisions of model curricula have been made, masters curricula have been adopted and other disciplines have emerged as an examples of what we could call cousins, if not a sister disciplines. In this paper we provide a brief description of the computing disciplines described in CC2005 as a baseline from which to describe the evolution of the computing family with related disciplines and discuss some implications for IT pedagogy and research in the future


The present invention relates to a process for the manu facture of monopotassium phosphate of a high purity without utilizing organic solvents. According to the process, monopotassium sulfate is reacted, at a tempera ture in the range of between 40 to 100 degrees with a phosphate constituent selected from phosphate rock, dicalcium phosphate or mixtures thereof in the presence of phosphoric acid. The common metal impurities, or ganic matter and fluorides present in the starting phos phate rock are substantially eliminated, with the calcium sulfate resulted thereto. After separating out the cal cium sulfate, the filtrate is neutralized to a pH in the range of between 3 to 7, with a calcium-containing compound comprising Ca(OH)2, CaO or CaCO3, or mixtures thereof. From the filtrate obtained, pure monopotassium phosphate is crystallized out. The pro cess is characterized by a high recovery of the P2O5 and K2O values, the monopotassium phosphate produced being completely free of chloride ion.


This article presents a framework to compute the receiver noise temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {rcv}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of two low-frequency radio telescopes, the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), and the Engineering Development Array (EDA). The MWA was selected because it is the only operational low-frequency square kilometer array (SKA) precursor at the Murchison Radio astronomy Observatory, while the EDA was selected because it mimics the proposed SKA-low station size and configuration. It will be demonstrated that the use of an existing power wave-based framework for noise characterization of multiport amplifiers is sufficiently general to evaluate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {rcv}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of phased arrays. The calculation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {rcv}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was done using a combination of measured noise parameters of the low-noise amplifier (LNA) and simulated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters of the arrays. The calculated values were compared to measured results obtained via astronomical observation and both results are found to be in agreement. Such verification is lacking in current literature. It was shown that the receiver noise temperatures of both arrays are lower when compared to a single isolated element. This is caused by the increase in mutual coupling within the array which is discussed in depth in this article.


The Indonesian higher-education landscape has evolved rapidly to become more market-oriented: institutions compete for student enrolments. Therefore, understanding students' choice criteria for selecting a higher-education institution has become increasingly important. The purpose of this study was (1) to explore and determine the most relevant factors considered by Indonesian students when selecting an Indonesian public university in which to study; (2) to estimate the relative importance the students attach to the factors that influence them to select a public university and the various levels of each factor; (3) to determine whether there are groups of students for whom different factors are more important; and (4) to determine market-share predictions for real and 'ideal' student choice criteria in the selection of an Indonesian public university. Understanding both the factors that are most influential in selecting an institution and the prospective students' methodology in their choice process is imperative, particularly for those involved in the recruitment process; therefore, this study makes a significant contribution to the body of knowledge. A mixed-methods research design, with qualitative and quantitative phases, was employed in the current research. The qualitative study used an individual qualitative questionnaire and focus-group discussions using a same cohort of 48 first-year undergraduate students in five public universities in Java and Sumatra. Thematic analysis was employed to generate factors that were then used to construct a questionnaire for quantitative survey. The quantitative study employed a conjoint questionnaire on high-school leavers who were actively engaged in the decision to select either public autonomous or non-autonomous universities in Java, which resulted in a final sample size of 403 responses. The complicated trade-offs that students had to make in determining which attributes were important to them – and how important – were analysed using conjoint analysis. The research demonstrated that conjoint analysis identified and described consumer preferences in two models – aggregate and segmented – based on the importance values and the part-worth utilities obtained. A key finding of this study is that advice from family, friends, and/or teachers on students' decision to choose a public university, along with job prospects, total expenses, campus atmosphere, reputation and proximity were considered as choice factors unique to the Indonesian highereducation context. Cluster analysis identified two homogeneous student segments: 'social networks-based decision' segment and 'rational decision' segment. The first segment places the highest importance on advice from family, friends and/or teachers, followed (in order) by job prospects, total expenses, proximity, campus atmosphere and reputation. In contrast, the second segment rated reputation as the most important, followed by job prospects and advice from family, friends and/or teachers, while proximity was the least…


Review(s) of: Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam and the West, by Christopher Caldwell Allen Lane, 2009, xii + 365 pp., $29.95.


Structural, gaseous phase hydrogen storage, and electrochemical properties of a series of annealed (900 °C for 12 h) Laves phase-related body-centered-cubic (BCC) solid solution metal hydride (MH) alloys with vanadium/nickel (V/Ni) contents ranging from 44/18.5 to 28/34.5 were studied. As the average Ni-content increases, C14 phase evolves into the C15 phase and a new σ-VNi phase emerges; lattice constants in BCC, C14, and TiNi phase all decrease; the main plateau pressure increases; both gaseous phase and electrochemical hydrogen storage capacities decrease; the pressure-concentration-temperature (PCT) absorption/desorption hysteresis decreases; both high-rate dischargeability (HRD) and bulk hydrogen diffusivity increase and then decrease; and the surface reaction current decreases. There is a capacity-rate tradeoff with the change in V/Ni content. Alloys with relatively lower Ni-content show higher capacities but inferior high-rate performance compared to commercially available AB5 MH alloy. Increasing the Ni-content in this BCC-based multi-phase alloy can improve the high-rate capability over AB5 alloy but with lower discharge capacities. The inferior surface reaction current in these alloys, compared to AB5, may be due to the smaller surface area, not the total volume, of the Ni clusters embedded in the surface oxide layer of the activated alloys.


In this paper, two novel brushless excitation methods for wound rotor excitation synchronous generators are proposed in this paper. Compared with the electric excitation synchronous generators with an exciter, these two kinds of generators can integrate the function of the exciter into the main generator. The exciter can be eliminated. The axial length of the generation system can be shorten. The structures and operating principles of two novel generators are introduced. The magnetic field distributions are obtained by Finite Element Analysis. The operating characteristics of two generators are simulated and compared. These two brushless excitation methods can be applied in the areas such as aerospace generation system, wind power generator, electric vehicles and so on.


In the article data are presented on dynamics of the level of indicators of metabolic profile of blood serum of race horses of the Ukrainian riding breed in the conditions of physical and emotional loading. Clinically healthy race horses were the object of  research. Blood was taken from the jugular vein to obtain serum and for further biochemical research. For the research 12 race horses from a training group were chosen. From time to time the animals took part in competitions; they were not specially used in races and were mostly used for the training of junior riders and sportsmen of different levels. Blood was taken in conditions of relative rest after ordinary training and after emotional stress during the entertainment performances when a large number of people were present and loud music was played. In the blood serum the following biochemical indicators were defined: whole protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total bilirubin and its fractions, glucose, cholestererol, triacylglycerol, calcium, ferrum, lactate, pyruvate, activity of the AlAT, SGOT, GGTP, LDH, an alkaline phosphatase – which makes it possible to determine reasonably accurately the adaptation potential of a horse under various types of loading. We established that during training and psychoemotional loading of racing horses of the training group of the Ukrainian riding breed, multidirectional changes in the level of biochemical indicators of blood serum occurred, which is evidence of stress in the metabolic processes in the animals' organisms. Concentration of a biomarker of an oxidative stress, uric acid, increased after physical loading by 8.6%, and after emotional loading by 55.1%, which demonstrates that emotional stress had the more negative effect, indicating insufficient adaptation by the horses before demonstration performances. After physical loading, reaction of transamination in the horses' liver cells intensified, and after emotional loading its intensity decreased, which conforms to changes of indicators in exchange of proteins. SGOT activity in the animals' blood serum exceeded the upper rate of norm, it coincides also with rising of concentration of creatinine and sodium lactatum, and is an indicator of intensification of catabolic processes in the muscles after physical loading. Only after emotional loading, did hyperglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia occur because of a temporal spasm in the cholic paths without changes in the activity of the alkaline phosphatase and GGTP. After physical loading the level of lactatum increased (by 185.7%), activity of LDH (by 76.2%), concentration of cholesterol (by 76.2%), triacylglycerol (by 140.9%), which is an indicator of intensification of anaerobic glycolysis and lipolysis. Emotional loading is the stronger stress factor which causes negative changes in indicators of the metabolic profile. Trainers should take this into account during the training and testing of horses in order to facilitate their adaptation to the influence of various stress factors, to correct the animals' physiological state and thus enable them to cope with intensive loading without threat to their health.


Breast cancer has emerged as the most prevalent malignancy, occupying the top position in both incidence and mortality among cancers in women. Distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumors plays a crucial role in achieving early detection and treatment of breast cancer. As breast biopsy is a critical diagnostic evidence for confirming the malignant tumors of the breast, using its pathological images to diagnose the benign or malignant nature of breast tumors by deep learning models has become an important approach in breast cancer recognition. The noise in the digitization process of biopsy samples' pathological images will lead to decision uncertainty. Nevertheless, most existing deterministic models fail to accurately represent the uncertainty in the data, leading to incorrect breast cancer diagnoses. Misdiagnosis comes at a high cost, as it can result in patients missing the optimal treatment window or receiving unnecessary treatments, etc. To solve this problem, we introduce data uncertainty learning, an effective method for representing noise, into breast cancer recognition for the first time. Then, we propose a data uncertainty learning model for breast cancer recognition task, which learns the mean to recognize breast cancer and variance to represent uncertainty of samples. Specifically, we design a variance regularizer to guide the model adjusting optimization weights of the samples based on the uncertainty and enable the model to focus more on high-quality samples while suppressing the influence of noise, which enhances the performance of breast cancer recognition. Finally, insightful evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our model.


In community wireless mesh (CWM) networks following the IEEE 802.11s standard, wireless nodes combine the functionality of a client application host and a transit packet router. Not being subjected to tight administrative control, CWM nodes may act selfishly by refusing to forward transit packets along (selected) established routes or to participate in the route creation process. Unlike in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), a CWM node is typically connected to mains electricity, hence unconcerned about energy expenditure; the only rational (as distinct from malicious) motivation behind selfish behavior is then to prevent the incoming transit traffic from competing with the source traffic and thereby achieve a higher source throughput. We examine through simulation the benefits and harms of selfish behavior with a cross-layer view and relate them to the router density, selfish routers' location and details of their behavior. We find many conclusions and intuitions valid in MANET environments incorrect in CWMs.


Objective
To investigate and analyze the changing trend of common bacteria and drug resistance in the samples sent to paediatric ward, so as to provide reference for clinical rational use of antibiotics in clinic.

Methods
According to the National Guide To Clinical Laboratory Procedures (The fourth edition), bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests were conducted on samples from different sources of hospitalized children in the Departments of Pediatrics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. The positive bacteria detection rate and drug sensitivity rate were used as observation indexes to analyze and compare the changes of positive bacteria detection and anti-bacterial drug sensitivity.

Results
The samples were mainly from sputum, blood and swab of pharynx. The positive bacteria detection rate of sputum and pharyngeal swab samples decreased year by year within 3 years, but the positive bacteria detection rate of sputum samples decreased slightly from 24.90% in 2015 (718/2 884) to 21.67% in 2017 (705/3 254). The positive bacteria detection rate of pharyngeal swab samples decreased significantly from 24.52% (540/2 202) in 2015 to 12.79% (162/1 267) in 2017. The detection rate of positive bacteria in blood culture showed an increasing trend: it increased from 1.56% (29/1 864) in 2015 to 3.22% (79/2 457) in 2017. A total of 3 407 strains of positive pathogenic bacteria were isolated from sputum, pharyngeal swabs and blood specimens, among which E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens. The detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae showed an obvious increasing trend year by year: It increased from 4.27% (55/1 287) in 2015 to 19.84% (188/946) in 2017.

Conclusion
The positive rate of bacterial detection is positively correlated with the number of samples submitted for examination. By detecting the change trend of bacterial drug sensitivity, it can effectively guide clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents and delay or reduce the occurrence of bacterial drug resistance.

Key words:
Drug sensitivity; pathogenic bacteria; children


SUMMARY Techniques for measuring acoustic velocities and quality factors (Q) of sedimentary rocks in the laboratory are sufficiently accurate to establish closely fitting regression curves which represent the variation of these acoustic properties with pressure. Ultrasonic P- and S-wave measurements of velocity (V,, V,) and Q (Q,, Q,) were made on 16 different water-saturated sandstone samples at various effective pressures using an ultrasonic reflection technique, and the data were fitted using a simple regression equation containing a constant, plus linear and exponential pressure-dependent terms. The redundancy of the linear term in the regression of Q data suggests that microcracks alone govern the pressure variation of Q, whereas velocities are additionally dependent on another mechanism, consistent with the changes in elastic moduli caused by intergranular compression (causing small reductions in porosity). The implied rates of microcrack closure with increasing effective pressure in all samples were found to be comparable. The regression equations describe the data closely enough to enable the extrapolation of acoustic properties to both low and high effective pressures. This is of practical use, since laboratory techniques can produce uncertain results at low pressures, due to coupling problems and low signal strengths, whilst high pressures require large confining vessels. Low-pressure and high-pressure data are applicable to shallow seismic surveys and hydrocarbon exploration, respectively.


The polymorphism of GH 3'-UTR was checked among 82 individuals from Takifugu Obscurus,Takifugu Rubripes and takifugu ni- phones with PAGE and SSCP technology.The result showed that there were two fragments in the three group,320bp and 317bp respectively, which was different from the sequence (316bp) in the GenBank (accession number:FRU63807).And 6 genotypes aa,bb,ab,bc,cd and dd were found,the frequency of variety was 4.36%;aa,bb,ab and bc was found in Takifugu.Obscurus,cd and dd can only be found in Takifugu.ni- phobles and Takifugu.Rubripes respectively.Of the 7 mutations,1 was of transversion site,at 212(T→G),and 6 were of transition sites,at 120,180,227,265,287 (C→T) and 199(A→G) respectively.


Aim: To assess and compare the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between patients with hemophilia (PwH) and healthy controls in a single center cohort in Turkey.
Material and Methods: Anthropometric parameters including height, weight, and body mass index were recorded. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, lipid parameters (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) were assessed. International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measurements were performed. The data from PwH (n=80) and healthy controls (n=36) were compared. Independent associates of CIMT value were analyzed.
Results: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and smoking frequencies were remarkable in PwH. Family history of CVD was significantly more frequent ( p=0.005) and when considered with IPAQ scores; PwH was much more sedentary than controls (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the control group (p =0.003,=0.003) while hs-CRP levels were higher in PwH (p=0.009). Age and IPAQ score were significant independent predictors of CIMT (p=0.004 and 0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: As a result of aging; PwH exposure to the same CVD risk factors as the general population. Screening for CVD risk factors in PwH other than hemophilia evaluation will be essential.


As traditionally these methods of manual calculation,drawing and writing in mine supply design are adopted,there are some problems of tedious calculations and heavy workload.In light of this,the smart software of coal mine power supply system design is designed and developed,that it sets the drawing of underground power supply,power supply calculation,equipment selection optimization,and the calculated output and device information management functions into one.The reform of engineering practice will lay the foundation cultivate for developing professional and technical personnel of coal mine power supply system closely related specialized field,for training the talents of adapting to the modern development.


The present paper aims to identify some aspects of the firms at food sector related to technological innovations, exportation, employment and also questions related to food safety. At first, it was done a study with data, trying to identify which sub-sectors are most innovative and which are the main aspects that influence the innovative process. The main results are: the national consumers have an important role in the probability of national firms to make innovation, the exportation do not explain the probability to make innovation and the investment in human capital (education) is important to increase the firms probability to make innovative activities and to export. Another item that was also analyzed was the food safety, traceability and the important role played by national consumers. Finally, which concerns to questions relate to certification, this work concludes that these questions become very important for the food industry. In this sense, these industries should make an effort in order to attend international standards, mainly if they want to participate in the international scenario


Based on the axiomatic design,the process model of product demand analysis was established and the process and method was discussed of obtaining,understanding,analysis and evaluating the consumer's demands and strategy in which the consumer's demands can be translated into the product functional requirements.The process of building the house of quality inner Quality Function Deployment(QFD)was introduced.As the example of variable speed gearing of numerical controlled machine tool,the expatiated method of demand analysis was explained.


The purpose of this note is to give a direct proof of the following theorem: [2]. Let A be a uniform algebra on a compact Hausdorff space X and E a closed subset of X. If Re A I E = CR (E), then A j E = C(E). PROOF. By a result of Glicksberg [1] we have AI E = C(E) if and only if there is a constant c such that |I|iE|| Re A I E = CR (E) one sees that there exists a constant cl such that for every gFCR(E) there is a 4 FA, Re 0BE=g, and 1 1 ?cl|Igf 1. In particular if Re cklE =f (as above) we have that


Paul Raymont's "Are Mental Properties Causally Relevant?" (2001) contains a careful, insightful analysis of a central thread in recent debates about mental causation. While I find convincing more or less all of the critical points Raymont makes, I wish to contest one of his conclusions— namely, that worries about epiphenomenalism dissolve, as a result of these considerations (ibid., pp. 511,523). I begin by rehearsing Raymont's analysis. The bulk of this piece is dedicated to exploring a different direction in which one might turn if one accepts Raymont's critical arguments, but is not convinced by his interpretation of their upshot. The problem of mental causation is a guise in which the mind/body problem haunts non-reductive physicalists. The challenge is to account for the causal efficacy of mental phenomena without taking on dualist, or otherwise unwelcome, ontological commitments. More specifically, it is to account for the familiar causal relations between intentional mental states and physical events—for instance, my desire to see better, just now, is causally related to this lamp's coming on—and so avoid epiphenomenalism in a way that does not run afoul of the completeness of physics (i.e.,


Corrosion-induced deterioration of steel RC highway bridges is one of the major distress types that can render a structurally deficient bridge before reaching the design life. One feasible solution to the problem is to replace the conventional steel reinforcement with noncorrosive carbon fiberereinforcedpolymer(CFRP)reinforcements.However,theCFRPreinforcementasaninternalreinforcementhasnotbeenexploredin AASHTO-typeprestressedconcretebeam bridges.AASHTO-type beamshavean I-type cross sectionwitha bottom flange, andonintegrationof thedeckslab,the finalshapeisabulb-Tsection.ThispaperdiscussestheexperimentalinvestigationofaprecastprestressedAASHTOcontrolbeam and a bridge model. A 12.5-m-long one-third scale AASHTO-type control beam was experimentally investigated for its flexural behavior when reinforcedand prestressed withCFRP. Subsequently,a one-thirdscalebridge model made of fivesuchbeamswasconstructed,instrumented,and testedunderbothserviceandultimateloadconditions.Asanticipated,thecontrolbeamandthebridgemodelfailureswereinitiatedbyrupturingof the prestressing CFRP tendons at the bottom layer. The observed flexural response of the bridge model was in close agreement with that of the controlbeam.Asexpected,thefailuremodewasprogressive,withextensivecrackingofthebridgemodel,whichgivessignificantwarningpriorto the ultimate collapse, overcoming issues related to the otherwise brittle behavior of the CFRP-reinforced structures. It is therefore highly recommendedtoprovidetheCFRPtendonsindifferentlayersalongthedepthofthebeamstoeffectivelyaddresstheissuesrelatedtobrittlefailure exhibited by CFRP reinforcements. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000339. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Beams; Bridges; Fiber reinforced polymer; Prestressed concrete; Progressive collapse. Author keywords: AASHTO beam; Bridge; CFRP; Ductility; Prestressed concrete; Progressive failure.


Objective To investigate the expression of K-ras gene mutation and the expression of Pax2,P53,Ki-67 protein in high-level and low-level ovarian serous carcinoma.Methods According to the two-level classification system,from which 25 cases with low level ovarian serous carcinoma and 38 cases with high level ovarian serous carcinoma were chosen.20 cases with serous cystadenoma of ovary were chosen as controls.PCR amplification technique was used to amplify segment of K-ras gene and the sequence was determined.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression level of Pax2,P53,Ki-67 in the tissue of tumors.Results The mutation rate in low level group ovarian serous tumors(28.6%) was significantly higher than that in high level group(5.3%)(P0.05),and in serous cystadenoma of ovary no mutation was detected.The expression rate of P53 strong positive in low and high level ovarian serous tumors was 28.0% and 63.2%(P0.05),individually,whose expression in serous cystadenoma was not detected.The expression rate of Pax2 in low and high level ovarian serous tumors was4 8.0% and 18.4%(P0.05),and in serous cystadenoma the rate was 30.0%.Ki-67 protein expression rate in low and high level group was 16% and 60.5%(P0.05),respectively,and it did not expressed in serous cystadenoma.Conclusion The 12th and 13th codons mutation among the first exons in K-ras gene mainly happened in low level ovarian serous tumors,and the 13th codons mutation played an important role in the excitation and developing of ovarian serous tumors.The expression of Pax2 is patently different in low and high level ovarian serous tumors,which may have a significance in the clinical treatment and prognosis judgement,further suggesting the applicability of the two-grading system in the clinicopathological diagnosis of ovarian serous carcinoma.


We investigate the development of gate-modulated tungsten diselenide (WSe2)-based lateral pn-homojunctions for visible and near infrared photodetector applications via an effective oxygen (O2) plasma-treatment. The O2 plasma acts to induce the p-type WSe2 for the otherwise n-type WSe2 by forming tungsten oxide (WOx) layer upon the O2 plasma-treatment. The WSe2 lateral pn-homojunctions displayed an enhanced photoresponse and resulted in open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (ISC) originated from the pn junction formed after O2 plasma-treatment. We further notice that the amplitude of photocurrent can be modulated by different gate bias. The fabricated WSe2 pn-homojunctions exhibit greater photoresponse with photoresponsivities (ratio of the photocurrent and the incident laser power) of 250 mA/W and 2000 mA/W, high EQE (%, total number of charge carriers generated for the number of incident photons on photodetectors) of 97 % and 420 %, and superior Detectivity (magnitude of detector sensitivity) of 7.7 × 109 Jones and 7.2 × 1010 Jones up on illumination with visible (520 nm) and near infrared (NIR) lasers (852 nm), respectively at low bias (Vg = 0 V and Vd = 1 V) at room temperature demonstrating very high-performance in the IR region superior to the contending 2D materials based photonic devices. These superior optoelectronic properties are attributed to the junctions induced by O2 plasma-doping which facilitate the effective carrier generation and separation of photo-carriers with applied external drain bias upon the strong light absorption.


Many countries are developing Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) to improve access, sharing and the integration of spatial data and services. However the challenge of designing, building and managing an SDI draws on many different disciplines and requires the examination of a large number of factors and issues. In this regard, the comparison and evaluation of SDIs can help to better understand the issues, to find best practice for certain tasks and to improve the system as a whole. Evaluating and comparing public and private administration systems can be significant in terms of improving processes and institutional structures. The application of these principles to the development of SDIs will therefore come to play a crucial role in the management of our spatial data and that pertaining to the administration of our societies. This chapter therefore aims to introduce the role and value of evaluation and performance indicators for assessing and comparing SDIs by using experiences in the field of land administration systems. Evaluation involves assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Chapter 10. Evaluation and Performance Indicators to Assess SDI Initiatives 194 programs, policies, personnel, products and organisations to improve their effectiveness. The evaluation is about finding answers to questions such as 'are we doing the right thing' and 'are we doing things right'. These are prominent questions for SDIs, the development of which has been very dynamic over the last decade and has involved significant learning from other national or local initiatives. The commonalities between SDIs and the objectives of efficient and effective land administration systems provide strong grounds for deriving evaluation and performance indicators for SDIs from land administration principles. Key issues include sustaining a culture of sharing, establishing a common language and maintaining reliable financial support. To achieve this, the chapter first presents and discusses major classes of factors which influence, or contribute to, the development of an SDI initiative followed by a reviewing key components of land administration systems and SDIs. It is then proposed that a general evaluation framework which can be applied to SDI and its different components be developed before drawing some conclusions.


OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the improvement of innovation of the management of licensed pharmacists associations in China. METHODS: We analyzed the characteristics of licensed pharmacists associations, defined the connotation of "management innovation" and discussed the strategies for the management innovation of licensed pharmacists associations in China. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: The innovation strategies for the management of licensed pharmacists associations in China include idea innovation, system innovation, technological innovation and management mode innovation etc to maintain a sustainable development of organization.


Since the origin of Project Work dates back to 1577, it is now when it is being implemented within classrooms, completely changing the way of teaching and, therefore, of education. In it, the child acquires a series of skills that are not offered by traditional teaching: he is the protagonist, while enjoying autonomy, initiative and security. After having investigated the origins, characteristics and typologies of Project Work, the evaluation of its practical application is proposed based on a project carried out in the educational environment of a school in the city of Palencia-Spain, based on a real experience occurred during the Practicum III of the University of Valladolid, in an Early Infant Education classroom, with 25 students of 4 years. From this perspective, one responds to the approach: was project work really applied in the classroom, object of research? For the evaluation of the experience obtained, the criteria proposed by Jato (2015) are taken into consideration, which are based on the methodological principles of project work. The results indicate that the high motivating component of the tasks requested within this methodology, makes the students stay interested, active, critical and creative, while assuming responsibilities and roles with which to work cooperatively with others. people involved in the project. However, there is a great difference between the theoretical postulates and the observed practice, which leads to rethinking the need for a change in the teaching process, as well as a renewal of knowledge by teachers in order to adapt to the changes that suppose this new way of conceiving education.


Raman scattering measurements were conducted for 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) assembled on gold μ-powders sparsely dispersed on smooth silver substrates. The SERS signals of 4-NBT were enhanced by u...


The EBT concept, developed principally by R. A. Dandl at ORNL in the early 1970's, employs a high beta electron ring to produce a magnetic well at the surface of a toroidally confined plasma in a simple bumpy torus. The validity of the basic concept was demonstrated in the EBT-1 experiment at ORNL in 1974. Further experiments conducted at ORNL and Nagoya University in Japan have established a range of operation in which, a quiescent plasma is obtained and have shown that within this range, energy confinement is consistent with neoclassical transport theory.


There are differences in the way of public cloud and private cloud use network performance acceleration technologies (such as DPDK and SR-IOV), which will affect the performance of the 5GC network. This paper evaluates the difference in forwarding performance between AWS (public cloud) and the operator's private cloud by deploying Free5GC for testing. Under similar conditions, the 5GC forwarding performance of the private cloud using SR-IOV is higher than that of the public cloud, which is higher than that of the private cloud using DPDK.


Information is the power and Technology is the driving force for the development of all the facets. Information Science and Technology as a field of study and professional practice is therefore responsible for providing information and technology solutions to different organizations, institutions, sectors, fields, and even to individuals. Information Science and Technology is an emerging field and interdisciplinary in nature that has already been gathered from previous sources and chapters. Information Science and Technology is very diverse and treated in different perspectives viz. information, technological solutions, domain-specific solutions, and so on. Regarding the technologies, it also holds wider coverage in tools, techniques, systems, and technologies. Though Information Science and Technology is available with different names there are certain reasons for the development of each nomenclature/ subject. This paper has discussed the issues and suggestions regarding Information Science in its educational and technological context.


The article compares the assessments of socialist ideology in the official documents of the Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. As a reflection of the Catholic position, the encyclicals of the Roman popes are considered, first, the encyclical "Rerum Novarum", published by Leo XIII in 1891. The author considers the program of the course "denunciation of socialism" approved by the Holy Synod in seminaries. A comparison of these documents shows that both churches condemned socialism as an atheistic doctrine and considered it a dangerous utopia. Leo XIII, in "Rerum Novarum", denounced basic socialist doctrines such as the socialization of private property and class struggle, but at the same time acknowledged the seriousness of the problems of capitalist society and the plight of the workers. The pope opposed the socialist utopias with the Catholic social doctrine, which provided for the active participation of the church in social life, state regulation of relations between labor and capital, and the development of a peaceful labor movement. The Russian Orthodox Church during the period under review was unable to develop its own social doctrine as an alternative to socialism. In the program of the anti-socialist course for Orthodox seminaries, the materialistic and anti-Christian nature of socialism was proved, and Marxism was subjected to detailed analysis and criticism. At the same time, there was no such harsh criticism of the flaws of capitalism on the part of the Russian hierarchy. Such one-sidedness made the position of the Russian Orthodox Church in the fight against socialism much weaker than the position of the Roman Catholic Church.


This chapter presents a full scaled application of induction trees for non-classificatory purposes. The grown trees are used for high-lighting regional differences in the women's labor participation, by using data from the Swiss Population Census. Hence, the focus is on their descriptive rather than predictive power. A first tree provides evidence for three separate analyses for non-mothers, married or wid-owed mothers, and divorced or single mothers. For each group, trees grown by language regions exhibit fundamental cultural differences supporting the hypothesis of cultural models in female participation. From the methodological standpoint, the main difficulties with such a non-classificatory use of trees have to do with their validation, since 1 the classical classification error rate does not make sense in this setting. We comment on this aspect and propose deviance-based solutions that are both consistent with our non-classificatory usage and easy to compute.


2 months after the detection of the first Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) case in Wuhan, China, the first case was detected in our country on March 10, 2020. While the number of cases is increasing day by day, intensive care units are filled with patients who suffer from respiratory failure due to COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic causes ARDS and multiorgan failure, requiring mechanical ventilator and 3rd step intensive care follow-up. For this reason, although there is no known effective treatment specific for the disease, supportive treatment which is provided in intensive care units are affects on mortality rates. In this review, our aim is to draw attention to the issues that need to be considered in the intensive care follow-up of people diagnosed with COVID-19.


A 51-YEAR-OLD white man with a 45-year history of smoking was noted to have an abnormality on a routine chest x-ray. He denied any history of cough, sputum production, chest pain, dyspnea, weight loss, weakness, or tuberculosis. There was no previous chest x-ray available for comparison. The patient's physical examination results were unremarkable. His chest x-ray is shown in Figure 1 and a computed tomographic (CT) scan of his chest is shown in Figure 2.


The first group of slides provides background information on the isotopic composition of plutonium. It is shown that 240Pu is the critical isotope in neutron coincidence/multiplicity counting. Next, response function analysis to determine isotopic composition is discussed. The isotopic composition can be determined by measuring the net peak counts from each isotope and then taking the ratio of the counts for each isotope relative to the total counts for the element. Then FRAM (Fixed energy Response function Analysis with Multiple efficiencies) is explained. FRAM can control data acquisition, automatically analyze newly acquired data, analyze previously acquired data, provide information on the quality of the analysis, and facilitate analysis in unusual situations (non-standard energy calibrations, gamma rays from non-SNM isotopes, poor spectra (within limits)).


State-of-the-art signal digitization and analysis techniques have been used to measure the half-life of the Fermi {beta} decay of {sup 26}Al{sup m}. The half-life was determined to be 6347.8 {+-} 2.5 ms. This new datum contributes to the experimental testing of the conserved-vector-current hypothesis and the required unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix: two essential components of the standard model. Detailed discussion of the experimental techniques and data analysis and a thorough investigation of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are presented.


RF behavior improvement suggestions to the MOSFET models were studied using mostly BSIM3v3 and Philips MOS Model 9 (MM9). Different substrate resistance model topologies were compared. Also distributing the gate, source and drain resistance was studied as well as the use of an additional capacitance Cg in parallel with the gate resistance. The basis for the AC improvement studies is an accurate DC and AC extraction of the basic device model. Scalable MOSFET parameter extraction was done using the APLAC circuit simulator and by programs written with APLAC description language. The device characterization set included gate widths down to 0.4 μm. The parasitics of the pads and wires were carefully removed utilizing de-embedding techniques. A gate resistor was used for both MM9 and BSIM3 and also Cgb0 zero-bias capacitance was added to MM9.


The invention discloses a flavonol glycosides compound extracted from a loropetalum chinense leaf. The flavonol glycosides compound extracted from the loropetalum chinense leaf comprises myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside. The invention also discloses medicinal application of the flavonol glycosides compound to treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacodynamic tests prove that in the flavonol glycosides compound extracted from the loropetalum chinense leaf, the myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, the myricetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside can reduce blood sugar value obviously and can obviously improve the diabetic retinopathy of rats caused by streptozotocin.


The grape colaspis is a root-feeding pest of crops, occasionally injuring corn. Historically in Iowa, it was a pest in crop rotations where corn followed red clover. As Iowa agriculture placed a greater emphasis on row crops (primarily corn and soybean), the incidence of grape colaspis infestations declined. However, in recent years (since 1999) the grape colaspis has reemerged in modern crop rotations causing damage to corn following soybeans. Significant populations in seed corn and commercial corn following seed corn have been observed in central Iowa.


A discussion of the public pedagogy of "celebrity chef" cooking shows, their promotion of consumer life-styles, and alternative cooking shows as sites of resistance to those lifestyles. Purpose of the Study Noam Chomsky (2003) has led an ongoing discussion about how a few multinational corporations have "manufactured the consent" of the American public for undemocratic public policies, environmentally damaging lifestyles, and oppressive cultural norms—despite the fact that such ideologically-laden actions are in sharp conflict with the interests of the majority of the population, the health of the culture, and the sustainability of the planet. In this research, we posit that one arena through which this hegemony is played out is televised cooking shows. We view these cooking shows as cultural products encoded with meanings that help shape audiences' identities, lifestyles, and relationships to consumer culture. Our research is thus grounded in two emerging areas of study within adult education. One explores consumption as a site where adults engage in learning. Sassatelli (2007) explains that to live in a consumer society means satisfying one's daily needs through capitalistic modes of production and consumption. That is, individuals do not produce their own goods for their own use and satisfaction of their daily needs; instead, they buy and use commodities that are mass produced, exchanged, and made available for purchase. Consumption is a complex set of social, economic, and cultural practices that are "interconnected with . . . the spread of the market economy, a developing globalization, the creation and recreation of national traditions, [and] a succession of technological and media innovations, etc." (Sassatelli, 2007, pp. 5-6). Sassatelli argues that consumption holds strong social, political, and cultural implications. Adult education researchers focused on consumption believe that everyday moments of consumption constitute a powerful form of "public pedagogy" where adults learn what it means to be "consumers" and "citizens" (Jubas, 2008; Usher, 2008). The small but growing interest among adult educators in exploring issues of consumption (Jarvis, 2008; Jubas, 2008; Usher, 2008; Usher, Bryant, & Johnston 1997), has produced work that is beginning to help us understand how learning and education are related to the practices of consumption. Usher, Bryant, and Johnston (1997) posit that we cannot understand adult learning without understanding the role played by consumption in the lives of adults. A large body of work within cultural studies has focused on cultural consumption, or how "cultural texts or artifacts are used in everyday life" (Mackay, 1997, p. 3). Cultural texts and artifacts include popular media commodities such as television, movies, and magazines. The second, closely related, area of study within adult education into which we place our work, then, is the production and consumption of mass media and popular culture as forms of "public pedagogy" that educate adult learners and help shape both their understandings of society and their own identities (Wright & Sandlin, in press). Television viewing, in particular, is an increasingly ubiquitous space of cultural consumption, as television audiences consume, decode, and make meaning of the cultural texts presented through this medium. As Storey (1996, p. 9) argues, television is "without doubt the world's most popular leisure activity." In this study we


nanometer resolution 1 in their close-to-native environment. Briefly, in cryo-ET, the specimen is physically rotated around a single axis inside the electron microscope. This axis is perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope, and thus, to the direction of the electron beam. Micrographs are collected at each rotation angle, resulting in a set of tilted micrographs referred to as tilt series. Each micrograph represents a view of the specimen at different tilt angles. The tilt series is then computationally aligned and reconstructed into a 3D tomogram. Unfortunately, the rotation possible, i.e., the tilt range, is physically restricted by the microscope geometry, thus, tilt series are usually acquired from -60° to +60°. As a result, reconstructed tomograms experience partial sampling or missing information in Fourier Space. The missing information exhibits a characteristic wedge-like shape, which is known as the missing wedge. In real space, the missing wedge manifests itself as a blurred elongation of the imaged specimen in the


A new magnetic solid state memory is proposed, which utilizes usual bubble garnet films. The "1" or "0" is stored by the presence or absence of a negative vertical Bloch line pair in the stripe domains. The memory chip organization is composed of a conductor-drive bubble-propagation major line and long stripe domains aligned in parallel which constitute minor loops to accommodate vertical Bloch line pairs. When doing the writing, the presence and absence of the bubbles in the major line is converted to the presence and absence of the vertical Bloch line in the storage area. When doing the reading, the reverse is true. The Bloch line pair is replicated in the stripe domains, and the converted bubbles are detected by the usual stretcher detector. The Bloch lines propagate under the successively applied bias pulsed fields. The bit density increases drastically, and we can expect around 1.6 Gbit/cm2using 0.5 μm bubble garnet films.


dominated Ottoman studies during most of the second half of the last century, other aspects of the Ottoman reality were neglected or under-studied.1 Cultural history, one may say, found its way from the early 1990s on, but political history and the history of ideas (or, as we prefer to say nowadays, intellectual history) were even later to regain the interest they had been attracting in the pre-World War II period. This was owing to a combination of factors, including source availability and historiographical fashion. Indeed, when the present author was entering the field, in the mid or late 1990s, studying Ottoman history meant mainly studying archives. The Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi roared with scholars, local judicial registers and private document collections were the word of the day, and tax registers were in their heyday; on the other hand, if one had to consult an eighteenth-century chronicle or a travelogue, one had to spend a disproportionally large amount of time in locating and studying manuscripts, use old faulty editions, or else confine oneself to very few sources. Only the fourteenth or fifteenth century expert had the privilege of a solid corpus of more or less fully studied and analysed literary works, since archival documents for this period are just missing. Even authors who relied heavily on archival material had started to speak of 'document fetishism' by the early 1990s, stressing the use of documents at their face value regardless of ideological considerations.2 On the other hand, what can be described as 'narrative (or, in a broader sense, literary) sources', such as chronicles and historiography, biographies, fiction, diaries, town descriptions, political essays and so forth, had been comparatively


In recent years, more stringent environmental protection requirements have led to increasingly higher voltage power equipment that adopt SF6 mixed gas as an insulation medium. In this paper, the streamer development in SF6 mixed gas and the distribution of each gas component were studied over time. Thus, a discharge model of the needle plate electrode with SF6 mixed gas was established. The hydrodynamic model for SF6 mixed gas discharge in uneven electric fields was created by coupling the Boltzmann drift-diffusion equation and Poisson's equation. The influence of different factors, such as the applied voltage, gas mixture ratio, and electrode spacing, on the streamer discharge of SF6/N2 mixed gas, and the influence of the type of mixed gas (air and CO2) combined with SF6 on the streamer development process were studied. The simulation results showed that the higher SF6 content in the mixed gas made breakdown more difficult, and a higher pressure led to a more concentrated streamer. Comparing and analyzing the discharge processes under different SF6 mixed gases (SF6/CO2, SF6/air, and SF6/N2) showed that the streamer for the SF6/CO2 mixture took longer to develop toward the plate electrode with a more difficult breakdown. The presented simulation results provide a microscopic interpretation for the needle-plate discharge defects that appear in power equipment that utilize SF6 mixed gas.


Purpose:We evaluated whether a 6Fr transurethral catheter affects urinary flow in women undergoing pressure-flow studies. 8) Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed urodynamics database of 201 consecutive women referred for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms from January 1997 to June 2000. Before the urodynamic study, all patients voided privately using a standard toilet and free uroflowmetry parameters were recorded. Then, a standard pressure-flow study was performed using 6Fr transurethral catheter. We excluded the patients with inadequate voided volume(<150ml) and volume difference more than 30% between two studies. Urinary flow parameters between the two studies were analysed by paired t-test according to voided volume, main urodynamic diagnosis and uroflowmetry pattern.


Pulse oximetry merged into clinical practice in the mid-1980s, having evolved as a byproduct of aviation medicine research on tissue oximetry conducted during the Second World War (1–3). It is without hyperbole to credit pulse oximetry with revolutionary improvements in anesthesia and critical care medicine. Given the limitations of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) in predicting intrapartum fetal and neonatal compromise (4), the natural course of clinical investigation was to determine if fetal arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) could be measured, and if so, whether a "critical threshold" for fetal SpO2 exists that could distinguish the normoxic from the hypoxic fetus. Early studies determined that fetal SpO2 could be measured by using cannibalized adult pulse oximetry equipment (5–7) as well as systems designed specifically for fetal use (8, 9). Subsequent animal (10, 11) and human studies (12–15) indicated that fetal metabolic acidosis rarely developed when fetal SpO2 was 30%. Between 1996 and 1998, a randomized clinical trial of fetal pulse oximetry (FPO) was conducted in 9 American academic labor and delivery units, involving 1011 laboring women who developed nonreassuring EFM patterns (16). The primary study hypothesis was that the addition of FPO in the evaluation of abnormal EFM patterns during labor would improve the accuracy of fetal assessment and allow safe reduction of cesarean deliveries performed for nonreassuring fetal status. Women were randomized to EFM alone (control group) or to the combination of EFM plus continuous FPO (study group). This study found a reduction of 50% in the number of cesarean deliveries performed because of nonreassuring fetal status in the study group (4. 5% vs. 10.2%; P .007). However, there was no net difference in the overall cesarean delivery rate (29% vs. 26%; P .49) because of an increase in cesareans performed for dystocia in the study group. The investigators concluded that FPO improved the obstetrician's ability to appropriately intervene for fetuses that were actually acidotic. The unexpected increase in operative delivery for dystocia in the study group remained unexplained after extensive analysis. In May 2000, the FDA approved Nellcor's FPO system as an adjunct to EFM, when patterns are nonreassuring (17). Specific CPT (0021T) and ICD-9 (75.38) codes were assigned in 2001. The implementation of FPO in American delivery units has progressed steadily, such that by early 2002, approximately 300 of the 3500 hospitals that provide obstetrical care had acquired the monitoring technology [Nellcor Perinatal Division (personal communication, February 1, 2002)]. Availability of fetal pulse oximetry in U.S. delivery units as of February 1, 2002. The ACOG released a Committee Opinion (18) in September 2001 that stated: "the Committee on Obstetric Practice cannot endorse the adoption of this device in clinical practice at this time because of concerns that its introduction could further escalate the cost of medical care without necessarily improving clinical outcome. The committee recommends that prospective randomized clinical trials be conducted to evaluate the clinical use of this new technology in conjunction with fetal well-being assessment." At present, two large studies are in the early phases of addressing the question pertaining to labor dystocia observed in the U.S. randomized trial; however, Address correspondence to: Gary A. Dildy III, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, LSU School of Medicine in New Orleans, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Voume 58, Number 4 OBSTETRICAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY Copyright © 2003 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


Objective: The aim is to examine and compare the level of health literacy (HL) amongst surgical vascular and abdominal patients and measuring the understandability and actionability of current and optimized education materials.Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized. Patients undergoing abdominal or vascular surgery, were included for measuring HL with the Newest Vital Sign Dutch (NVS-d) tool. The Dutch version of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) was used to measure the understandability and actionability of current and optimized patient education materials.Results: A total of 101 patients were included, of those 54 (53.5%) have limited HL. Patients with limited HL were significantly older (p < .001), lower educated (p < .001), and had a higher ASA status (p = .005) and Charlson Comorbidity Index score (p < .001). The occurrence of limited HL differed significantly (p = .046) between abdominal versus vascular patients. The understandability varied between 24%-59% and the actionability between 40%-67% of the current education materials. The optimized education materials had a understandability score of 86% and a actionability score of 100%.Conclusions: The high prevalence of inadequate HL emphasizes the importance of nursing and medical staff providing clear information to enable shared decision-making. Besides, it is necessary to evaluate current education materials and optimize these materials according to the level of health literacy to provide health information that is understandable.


The reaction mechanism of reaction CrO3+H2 (?)CrO2+H2O in chromium waste incineration is studied by using the quantum chemistry method. The geometry structures of reactants, products, intimidate and transition state are optimized by the quantum chemical calculation software Gaussian 98. The results show the title reaction is a two-step reaction, that is, CrO3+H2 (?)HCrO3 + H(?)CrO2+ H2O. The comparison of activation energies show that it is easier to occur for forward reaction than reverse reaction.


AbstractThis paper is a follow-up to a paper in issue 3.1 of the Pharmaceutical Programming Journal where we provided an overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) component of clinical trials as well as an initiative taken by the Biostatistics and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) departments at Biogen IDEC to develop more efficient processes for the handling and flow of PK/PD data in clinical trials. In this paper we describe the implementation of procedures developed in the initiative and the impact they have had on several clinical programs at Biogen. We have concluded that having a formal PK/PD data flow process has given the DMPK Scientists a place at the table when designing and conducting clinical trials as well as creating efficiencies for all involved functions.


This study aims to determine the effect of company performance proxied with ROA, Sales Growth, Firm Size, Firm Age, Assets Tangibility, Operating Cash Flow and Leverage to Working Capital Needs (WCR). The data used are secondary data of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2012-2015. Sampling method using purposive sampling technique. The analysis used is descriptive statistic, panel data regression. Result of research found ROA have a significant positive effect to working capital requirement. Firm Size, Assets Tangibility, and Leverage have a significant negative effect on working capital requirement. Sales Growth, Firm Age, and Operating Cash Flow have no effect on working capital requirement. This research can be used as a consideration of the company to further improve the performance of the company and pay attention to the factors of determination of working capital needs, so that the working capital needs of the company can be fulfilled and optimal.


A systematic investigation of K x-ray production for 20-80 MeV Cl ions in collision with thin self-supporting Cu targets has been conducted. Target and projectile characteristic x rays and radiative electron capture (REC) have been measured as a function of target thickness for incident charge states q < z{sub 1} - 2. At 80 MeV data were also obtained for q = z{sub 1}- 1. Large enhancements in both characteristic x-ray production and REC were observed for q = z{sub 1}- 1. Measured x-ray yields were parametrized vs. target thickness using the model of Betz et al. and least squares fits to the data were performed. Target K x-ray production for q<z{sub 1}-2 is described reasonably well by the CPSSR + ECR theory. For q=z{sub 1} - 1 the enhancement in the x-ray yield is predicted quite well by the method of Gray et al· The mean fluorescence yield for the highly stripped Cl ions is determined and found to increase by a factor of about six over the range 20-80 MeV, having a value (~0.1) nearly equal to the single K-vacancy value at 20 MeV. The radiative lifetime for the projectile ions is found to be ~3 x 10{supmore » -14} sec which is about three times longer than the single K-vacancy radiative lifetime calculated by Scofield. Parametrization of the REC yields vs. target thickness is used to normalize the measured REC intensity to the fraction of ions with K vacancies. Resulting REC cross sections are compared with the free-electron theory of Bethe and Salpeter and good agreement is obtained if it is assumed that each of the "loosely" bound electrons in Cu contributes equally to the REC process. By combining the results obtained for the characteristic x rays and REC, the fluorescence yield for K-shell capture events may be estimated, giving values in the range (2-4) x 10{sup -3} for the beam energies studied.« less


Nucleon behaves as if it constitutes molar electron mass. In a unified way nucleon's mass, size and other characteristic properties can be studied with this idea. If strong interaction is really 10 times stronger than the strength of gravity, this proposal can be given a chance. Key conceptual link that connects the gravitational force and non-gravitational forces is the classical force limit, FC ∼= ( c4 G ) . It can be considered as the upper limit of the cosmic string tension. Weak force magnitude FW can be considered as the characteristic nuclear weak string tension. Until the measurement of (FC & FW )− it can be assumed that FC FW ∼= N where N is Avogadro like number.


This paper is a position paper, which argues the position that critical thinking is a crucial skill, which needs to be developed in the school curriculum and that the creative arts can do this. The paper explores the states of the Arts in the present curriculum and goes on to argue that knowing how to develop critical thinking is an important pedagogical skill that needs to be developed in our pre-service teachers. This position is supported through data gathered from an innovative project that explored teachers' and mothers' perceptions of children's critical thinking.


Welcome to the Writing Center at the Milwaukee Campus, located in Room C270. We offer several services to help students improve their writing, a skill needed in every college class.


Contemporary Education Dialogue, 9, 1 (2012): 105–130 the necessary critical thinking skills, children are more likely to develop materialist values. The second chapter, 'Children as "Competent" Consumers', revisits the media panic surrounding the marketing and advertising of food to children. Discussing the complexities of globesity, it suggests that marketplace literacy should be made a mandatory aspect of public education. This book is an interesting attempt to discuss and analyse the ubiquity of the marketplace in children's everyday lives and to interpret the ways in which they experience this commercial world. By examining advertising, promotions, shopping and branding, the book looks holistically at the consumer experiences of children. The examples are definitely culture specific. Nevertheless, researchers and teachers in different cultural locations may be able to identify with the conceptual issues discussed here, and then find indigenous examples to fit into their own conceptual frameworks.


Source location in carbon-fibre composite structures is complex because the wave velocity is dependent on the direction of propagation relative to the fibre lay-up. The problem is further complicated by signal attenuation and dispersion. This paper reports on an investigation into signal propagation and source location in carbon-fibre composite plates. A series of wave propagation tests were conducted on a 500 mm x 1400 mm carbon fibre/epoxy plate. A measurement of signal dispersion was taken using a wavelet transform to decompose an AE signal into a 2-D time-frequency plot. Peaks in the wavelet magnitude at a particular frequency and time can be inspected and are an indication of the group velocities of different modes at that frequency. Waveforms were recorded for 5 signals, generated by a Hsu-Nielson (H-N) source, in each of the 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90° propagation directions relative to the principal material axis. Arrival times of the a 0 - and s 0 -mode group velocities were measured manually at 10-kHz intervals, and an average velocity was calculated at each frequency and used to plot dispersion curves. The measured dispersion curves were compared with theoretical curves generated by commercial software. Results demonstrated the varying propagation velocities and showed how the use of current source-location techniques can compromise source-location results. A novel source-location technique, 'Delta-t', has been developed to overcome problems with variations in signal propagation due to signal dispersion. Previous work has focussed on complex metallic structure. This paper presents the first results of 'Delta-t' source location applied to carbon-fibre plates. A series of buckling tests were performed on 400 x 380 mm carbon-fibre epoxy plates. Results of the 'Delta-t' location were compared with current source-location techniques and showed an improvement in source-location accuracy when compared with areas of damage.


In recent experiments [1–4] the E2 strengths have been measured in the neutron deficient 106–112Sn isotopes. Using different models [5–8] a lot of theoretical effort was devoted in order to understand the effect of different aspects of the nuclear structure on the B(E2, g.s. → 2+1) strength in the Sn chain. In those works a large decrease of the B(E2) values in 102,104Sn in comparison to the heavier Sn isotopes 106–112Sn has been predicted. Here we concentrate on the effect of the pairing on the E2 strength in the Sn nuclei chain. We analyze the correlation one could observe between the pairing gap and the B(E2) strengths to the first 2+ excited state. The theoretical results on the B(E2) strengths are obtained within a QRPA model. These predictions are analyzed and compared to the experimental results.


Objective To investigate the effect of Zhixiaotongmaining on the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods 120 cases of DPN were randomly divided into two groups which received oral hypoglycemic matter and insulin treatment.60 patients in treatment group were treated by Zhixiaotongmaining.60 cases in control group received Mecobalamin treatment.Patients in two groups were treated for 8 consecutive weeks.The clinical efficacy,red blood cell sorbitol content,blood glucose(FPG,2 h PG),motor nerve conduction velocity(MCV) of peroneal nerve and median nerve and sensory nerve conduction velocity(SCV) were observed and compared after treatment.Results The total effective rate in treatment group and control group were respectively 93.4% and 51.7%.There was statistical significance between two groups(P0.01).The effect in treatment group was superior to that in control group.After treatment,the erythrocyte sorbitol content in treatment group were lower as compared with that in this group before treatment and the control group after treatment(P0.01).FPG and 2 h PG after treatment were decreased in comparison with those before treatment in two groups(P0.01).After treatment,the nerve conduction velocity in treatment group were significantly increased as compared with that in this group before treatment and the control group after treatment(P0.01).Conclusion Zhixiaotongmaining can improve blood and oxygen supply of the nerve tissue,correct metabolic disorders within the nerve cells and improve the symptoms of DPN patients,has safe,effective,simple,convenient and low-cost advantages.


The work of Longuet-Higgins (1963) on the effects of wave nonlinearity on the statistics of the sea surface is extended here to obtain the joint distribution of surface elevation and slopes for a nonlinear random sea. The results are used to examine the effect of wave nonlinearity on the form of a radar altimeter pulse which is reflected from the sea surface. It is shown how wave information may be derived from the return pulse and how this can be used to correct errors in the altimeter mean sea level estimate (a problem known as "sea state bias").


In humans, two types of chitinases have been identified: chitotriosidase I (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase). They are enzymes that cleave chitin, a polysaccharide contained in many different human parasites. So far, only little is known about their function in human and especially in human diseases. Recently we have described association of polymorphisms of AMCase with bronchial asthma in a pediatric population. In this study we were interested in whether CHIT1 is also involved in the genetics of asthma.


Abstrcat The relation between strategic groups and their performance is studied with the aid of game theory on the basis of the analysis of enterprise behavior and environment and the evolution of strategic groups so as to provide a unique perspective for the understanding of the relation between the two.


Spain has been one of the most impacted countries due to the global public health crisis generated by the pandemic of Covid-19 In this context, public administration must be transparent and they should release reliable data on how the disease evolver in order to promote accountability and citizens' right to public information Although political authority was concentrated under the Spanish Government's single chain of command, the regional governments have preserved a notable margin of discretion to implement its decisions Consequently, this paper analyzes open data initiatives carried out by the 19 Spanish regional governments, which are the basis for transparency For each of the regions we studied seven variables related to open data's technical features and additional data breakdown Our results reveal that, although most of the regional governments have offered data on Covid-19, the situation is quite heterogeneous, especially in terms of reusability and breakdown of available data Those uneven approaches on open data lead to inequality in accessing public information depending on the region where Spanish citizens live


The implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS) has shown to be an effective tool for the rational use of antimicrobials, but this has been challenging in several Latin American countries, due to limited resources, such as the lack of trained clinical pharmacists in infectious disease. This study aims to determine the impact of a pharmacist‐driven AMS on the prescription of antibiotics by intensive care physicians (ICPs) and the bacterial resistance patterns in a Latin American hospital.


A piezoelectric friction damper is an intelligent damper used for vibration control of a civil structure, a mechanical structure or an aviatic structure to provide variable damping force. A left limit baffle (7) and a right limit baffle (8) are respectively connected to two ends of a working cylinder (1) of the piezoelectric friction intelligent damper; two string shape pistons (3) are arranged in the working cylinder (1) of the piezoelectric friction intelligent damper; high frictional damping material (6) is stuck on the surface where the two string shape pistons (3) contact the inner wall of the working cylinder; a plurality of paths of connection are arranged between the two string shape pistons (3) along the height; each path of connection comprises two set-up springs applying pre-pressure and a piezoelectric bar (4) connected by two connecting member bars (5) made of insulation materials; the piezoelectric friction intelligent damper is connected with outer structures through connecting member bars (11) which is connected with a connecting steel plate (10). The intelligent damper has high capacity of energy consumption and can provide variable damping force.


Objective
To assess the correlation between standardized uptake value (SUV) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters of primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and pelvic metastatic lymph nodes in the use of hybrid PET/MR.

Methods
Forty-six CSCC patients in Shengjing Hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 were prospectively enrolled and divided into well-differentiated (G1) group, moderate-differentiated (G2) group and poorly-differentiated (G3) group. PET/MR examination with the multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence was performed before treatment. Maximum SUV (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) were calculated. IVIM parameters, including the slow diffusion coefficient (D), fast diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f) were also measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between IVIM parameters and SUV(SUVmax, SUVmean).

Results
The D of G1, G2, G3 lesions and metastatic lymph nodes were (0.827±0.232)×10-3, (0.640±0.153)×10-3, (0.563±0.090)×10-3 and (0.772±0.246)×10-3 mm2/s respectively. The f was 0.310±0.068, 0.348±0.073, 0.287±0.057 and 0.413±0.103 respectively. The D* was (9.241±2.001)×10-3, (9.408±1.927)×10-3, (9.715±1.827)×10-3 and (8.830±1.632)×10-3 mm2/s respectively. The SUVmax was 9.988±3.806, 12.941±5.990, 14.543±7.050 and 9.890±3.906 respectively. The SUVmean was 5.717±2.830, 7.094±3.518, 8.263±4.124 and 4.952±1.343 respectively. The D of G1 and G2 lesions had negative correlations with SUVmax and SUVmean (G1, r values: -0.816, -0.842; G2, r values: -0.528, -0.559; all P<0.05); the f of G2 lesions had positive correlations with SUVmax and SUVmean (r values: 0.554, 0.550, both P<0.05).

Conclusions
The SUVmax and SUVmean of the well-moderate differentiated CSCC are consistent with D and f, which reflect the cell density and the microvascular perfusion. PET/MR-IVIM could provide important complementary information for treatment-monitoring and prognostic assessment of patients with cervical cancer.

Key words:
Uterine cervical neoplasms; Carcinoma, squamous cell; Positron-emission tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Deoxyglucose


THE Cathedral Library at Durham possesses an unnoticed early twelfthcentury manuscript of English provenance of a work, hitherto unrecorded, of Hermannus Contractus. It contains the multiples, products, and quotients of the duodecimal fractions. The manuscript, when first found by Dr Singer in February, 1927, was pasted on linen and very roughly nailed to a wooden frame measuring 1016 mm. X 610 mm. Dr Singer obtained permission for the manuscript to be sent to London to be studied by me and to be put into good order. When I examined it in April, 1927, I found that the ink was rubbed and worn in parts and that in one place a large piece of vellum was lost. The greater part of the chart, however, had escaped damage and I recognized its likeness to certain pages of another twelfth-century manuscript on on which I had been working. A closely similar, and also undescribed, set of tables is, in fact, to be found in a manuscript of English origin written in or about the year 1111 A.D. and now in the library of St John's College, Oxford (MS. XVII, fol. 48v-50). Both the St John's and the Durham tables use the Roman notation and fraction symbols. They are arranged with great economy of space and are handy to use. This is especially the case in the Durham chart, in which the multiplicands, multipliers, divisors, and dividends tand out clearly in alternate red and green, while the multiples, products, and quotients are smaller and in black. This chart is ruled in double lines of red and green, meeting in one corner in a grotesque drawing of a lion's head. A large square table contains the multiples of the fractions. The twenty-five subdivisions of the as, i.e. the unit, descending from the deunx (2) to the calcus ( i.e. 12 1< 16) are written both in name and symbol at the head of the columns along the top of the square. On the left side of the square are the Roman figures I, II, to IX; X, XX, to XC; C, CC, to DCCCC; I, II, to X. By addition of the multiples here given, every other multiple between the first and the ten-thousandth can be derived. Some of these products are expressed simply by means of a single fraction or a mixed number, e.g., LX muliplied by a sextula (71) makes a dextans (6); and XX by a sextans (6) makes III and a triens (k). In other cases we notice the limitations of the duodecimal fractions. There was


Based on the theory of development economics, this paper discusses the advantages of Chinese enterprises that are "poor", "native" and "backward", although they can not match the enterprises of developed countries in technologies, capitals and talents. So, to deepen the economic system reform, to strengthen the cost management and make the best use of advantages are very effective methods for Chinese enterprises to improve the competitive power. Nowadays, the most important things we must do are to reform the state owned enterprises, to realize the market value of capital, and reduce the management cost. So our enterprises should not unrealistically seek for high and new technologies, and should take into account whether the technologies can improve the competitive power or not. Meanwhile we should recognize the differences between the new rising industry and the traditional industry, and pay our attention to the specialized management and competition.


Background: Deer velvet antler has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. It had been noted that deer velvet antler strengthens the body and bone as a general tonic. Aim: To determine the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effect of total velvet antler polypeptides (tVAPs) extracted from Cervus elaphus Linnaeus on rabbit osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OCs). Methods: OCs were isolated from the rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model and exposed to 6.25, 12.5 and 25.0 mug/ml of tVAPs for 48 h. And then, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. The level of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enzyme activity of cell culture supernatant was tested by kit accordingly. The expression of nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (NF-kappaB p65) was detected by Western blotting. Results: tVAPs significantly reduced ROS level and increased the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px. The levels of inflammatory factors such as NO, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were decreased in response to tVAPs in a concentration-dependant manner. The activation of NF-kappaB in tVAP-treated group was also down-regulated. Conclusion: tVAPs could protect OCs of rabbit OA model via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity.


Collaborating across disciplines can be a difficult task for a variety of reasons. One of which is the lack of common methodologies and tools for visualization and analysis. Tools developed in one group can rarely be applied directly to data from another group, due to differences in data formats, analysis methodologies, and learning curves associated with the advanced visualization systems necessary for modern scientific data. Despite these difficulties, multi-physics collaboration is key to developing and understanding the next generation of computational models, which couple the dynamic processes and scales of multiple disciplines. As a step towards integrative models, we propose a visualization and analysis system to serve as a common interconnect between chemical and nuclear engineering. This choice allows multiple organizations to fruitfully exchange data and example visualizations in a reproducible manner, providing a foundation for productive discussion. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of a visualization system as it applies to bridging simulation domains and providing for multidisciplinary research in nuclear and chemical engineering. ∗Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah †Radiation Protection, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory ‡Utah Nuclear Engineering Program, University of Utah §Interactive Visualization and Data Analysis Group, DFKI Saarbrucken, Germany ¶Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah