Low quality of micropropagated plants is mostly related to low survival rates of the plantlets during acclimatization and poor performance of weaned plants. The purpose of this work was to examine the possibility of a rooting medium to enhance these quality traits. Unrooted plantlets, derived from in vitro proliferated microshoots of two commercial strawberry cultivars, 'Elvira' and 'Selva', were grown for 3 weeks on four different media. The rooting ability, the acclimatization of rooted plantlets and the performance of weaned plants were tested in order to choose the most economic and effective medium. The media tested were: (a) MRA, Murashige and Skoog agar medium with 30gL-1 sucrose and plant growth regulators, (b) MRXA, Murashige and Skoog liquid medium with 30gL-1 sucrose and plant growth regulators, (c) MSYA, Murashige and Skoog agar medium with 15gL-1 sucrose without plant growth regulators and (d) ENSHI, Enshi liquid medium, which contains only inorganic salts. Rooting and acclimatization were not significantly different in all four media tested. Fresh and dry weight of rooted plantlets did not differ either. Rooting on MSYA and ENSHI media showed that 'Elvira' and 'Selva' did not need growth regulators for root development. Weaned plantlets rooted on ENSHI medium had a significantly better performance two months after the acclimatization period, as long as leaf and root formation was concerned. Moreover, plantlets rooted on ENSHI medium gave a significantly higher number of daughter plants. Though the ENSHI medium contained no organic substances, it enhanced photo-autotrophic development which resulted to the development of more functional roots.


We have performed the first direct measurement of the time-integrated flavor untagged charge asymmetry in semileptonic B 0 s decays A s; untSL by comparing the decay rate of B 0 s ! (cid:1) (cid:1) D (cid:2) s (cid:2)X , where D (cid:2) s ! (cid:3)(cid:4) (cid:2) and (cid:3) ! K (cid:1) K (cid:2) , with the charge-conjugate (cid:1) B 0 s decay rate. This sample was selected from 1 : 3 fb (cid:2) 1 of data collected by the D0 experiment in run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We obtain A s; untSL (cid:3) (cid:4) 1 : 23 (cid:5) 0 : 97 (cid:6) stat (cid:7) (cid:5) 0 : 17 (cid:6) syst (cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:9) 10 (cid:2) 2 . Assuming that (cid:2) m s = (cid:1)(cid:3) s (cid:10) 1 , this result can be translated into a measurement of the CP -violating phase in B 0 s mixing: (cid:2)(cid:3) s = (cid:2) m s tan (cid:3) s (cid:3) (cid:4) 2 : 45 (cid:5) 1 : 93 (cid:6) stat (cid:7) (cid:5) 0 : 35 (cid:6) syst (cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:9) 10 (cid:2) 2 . This Letter the first measurement of a time-integrated flavor untagged charge asymmetry A s; untSL in semileptonic B 0 s decays. This asymmetry as


Mr. Kashihara is a computer designer who creates websites and CG animations. He entered graduate school at the age of 22 and after finishing a master's program worked at a company until he was 30 years old. Then he went back to school and finished his doctorate when he was 33 years old. Currently he works as a computer designer and also teaches computer courses at a vocational school in Osaka. He reported that he had not studied English for 12 years prior to starting the reading program described here.


A Round Table sponsored by The Latin American Research Committee, The Legislative Development Committee of the International Political Science Association, and the Candido Mendes University was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on August 12-15, 1974. The meeting was chaired by Professor Jean Laponce, President of IPSA, Austin Ranney, President of APSA and Themistocles Cavalcanti, President of the Brazilian Political Science Association.


New techniques are being developed and are influencing our daily life and environment. These influences take place in several interaction-attention fields. The challenge for designers is to develop new products that use these new techniques, that improve the experience of the user. We designed ICOS; a Smart, Interactive and Adaptive clothing rack, which presents the advantages of machine learning when implemented in our daily lives. The machine learning was developed and implemented within a clothing rack that uses weather data (type of weather and temperature) and frequency of the previous selected clothes to advise the user. This is to improve and enrich the daily routine of picking clothes of users.


THE two features of the thought of Plato and Plotinus which are here compared are (a) the conception of epws, (b) the ideal of 6fwiwais 0ew as the soul's highest good. A short final chapter looks at these two ideas within the 'Christianized system' of Origen. The Platonic notion of epws was, Rist thinks, 'too rarefied' to win acceptance. The true lover is a lover of Forms and as such 'is a lover of something which can show no response of any kind'. In this respect Plato's theory of love as desire is considered inadequate; there is 'a lack of motive at the highest level'. But Rist argues that Plato's thought has in addition 'an undercurrent of a nonappetitive ideal' of love; suggestions of such an ideal are found at Symp. 206 b ff. (TOKOS iv TO Ka\u>) and Phaedrus 252 d. In this sense love is 'a kind of generosity rather than a kind of need', an altruistic desire to increase goodness and beauty which is 'like the unnamed desire of the Demiourgos to bring order into the world'. The argument here seems to me rather thin. In the context of Plato's theology, e.g. in the Timaeus, it is possible to describe the philosopher's love of wisdom as altruistic in so far as it is directed to furthering a general divine plan to order the world in a certain way. But this does not transform it into 'non-appetitive' love, despite the flavour of selfishness which belongs to Rist's term 'appetitive'. Nor do I find in Plato's explicit doctrine of epws in Symposium and Phaedrus evidence sufficient to justify the distinction between appetitive and non-appetitive ideals. Two aspects of Plotinus' conception of epws are considered. The first is its meaning when used to describe the One. Here again, as in Plato, Rist attempts to find a non-appetitive sense of love, a love 'that is spontaneous in its overflowing'. His argument is necessarily speculative. Negatively, the One appears to have neither love of creation nor love of mankind. Positively, no clear indication of the significance of epws as a description of the One is given by Plotinus. Rist begins from Enn. vi. 8. 15, where Plotinus speaks of the One as epws avrov. Here is a sample of the kind of speculative argument he uses to take him from that point to his destination. 'The One is the cause of the other hypostases; it is also love of itself. Therefore the One's love of itself, with its contemplation of itself, must be the cause of the other hypostases. Thus although the One's "Epws is directed neither upwards nor downwards, it is the cause of a movement directed downwards, though admittedly indirectly so'


The new ligand hydrotris(3-neopentylpyrazol-1-yl)borate (=L * ) was synthesized and found useful in preparing heteroleptic L * ML compounds, by the reaction of its stable L * MCl derivatives with L - . Examples of L included pseudohalides, in which case L * ML complexes were tetrahedral,various tris(pyrazolyl)borates, which led to octahedral complexes of C 3υ symmetry, and H 2 B(3,5-Me 2 pz) 2 , which yielded complexes containing five N-bonds to the metal.


'Oft-quoted, but little read' is a tag line fittingly applied to Clausewitz's On war. Indeed, while Clausewitzian dictums roll smoothly off the longue of nearly every self-styled military analyst or 'expert', the influence of Clausewitz has vastly exceeded his readership. Bernard Brodie observed in his preface to the translation of On war by Michael Howard and Peter Paret that the book has gone 'unread by all but a minute proportion of literate people, including the great majority of those who have not hesitated to cite or quote him'. The esteem in which Clausewitz is held is certainly unmatched in the history of military scholarship. What is so ironie about his status as the patron saint of all post-Napoleonic military philosophers is how little historical agreement has existed on what, exactly, Clausewitz was trying to say. Thus hè has been invoked by nazis, communists, liberal humanists, nuclear pacifists, and nearly everyone else who has found himself in a strategie debate and in need of an impressive pronouncement to shore up his argument. The fact remains, however, that no work, no matter how long or how confused in its presentation, should be able to appeal both to an Adolf Hitler and to a Raymond Aron. Yet Clausewitz has, in the century and a half since his death, managed to impress Engels, Lenin, Marx, and the elder Moltke, not to mention Bernard Brodie, Michael Howard, and Harry Summers. Merely by virtue of his place in the history of strategie thought, Clausewitz is almost by definition among the most misunderstood philosophers of his century.


(Received December 4, 2006) The cosiderable progress in the development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources such as laser-produced plasma, discharge-produced plasma, high-harmonic generation, X-ray laser, Synchrotron radiation, X-ray free electron laser will create new scientific research field and new industrial technology field. These EUV sources research have also led to progress in the development of EUV optical devices such as multilayer mirrors. This paper reviews the briefly history and recent results of multilayer optics for EUV.


In this study, the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with different bracing patterns namely, no bracing, full bracing, partial bracing, alternate floor bracing and alternate partial bracing is studied. The bracing is provided for peripheral columns and any two parallel sides of building model. A seven-storey (mid-rise) residential building situated in Dhaka city is analyzed for seismic zone II as per BNBC 2006 using ETABS 9.6.0 and ANSYS 10.0 softwares. The percentage reduction in maximum storey displacement is found out. It is found that the X type of concrete bracing significantly contributes to the structural stiffness and reduces the maximum storey drift of the frames. The bracing system improves not only the stiffness and strength capacity but also the displacement capacity of the structure.


This manual identifies simple, practical tests to measure soil health and outlines the use of an on-farm testing kit to perform these tests. This testing is designed so that banana producers or agricultural consultants can asses or monitor the health of the soil inexpensively and without the need for a laboratory.


Average annual and seasonal concentrations of /sup 85/Kr released from atomic electric stations were calculated for the troposphere and lower stratosphere by numerical integration of model equations of planetary transfer for a continuous surface source in temperature latitudes. A comparison of calculated and measured isotope concentrations in the lower atmosphere is shown chiefly for The temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere. A difference is noted in the calculated concentrations in the northern and southern hemispheres. Expected worldwide distributions of /sup 85/Kr due to peaceful uses of nuclear energy to the year 2000 are discussed. (tr-auth)


A portable pile driver is provided to reduce manpower maximally and to drive many piles in a short time by driving piles using driving pressure, and to drive piles in a small space easily by carrying and moving easily. A portable pile driver comprises an air knocker(100) connected with a compressor to send out air at high pressure, a cylinder(200) coupled to the lower part of the air knocker, provided with an air vent to connect with an air tank formed to the air knocker and fitted with a hammer supported by an elastic body elastically, and a pile support(300) coupled to the lower part of the cylinder and fitted with a pile to be supported, wherein the bottom of the pile support is opened and the top of the pile support is provided with a hanging end formed to penetrate the pile support and a through hole formed on the hanging end. In addition, a magnetic portion having strong magnetic force is formed on the upper part of the hammer, an air vent is formed on the lower part of the cylinder to exhaust air inside the cylinder when the hammer descends, a driver is fastened to the through hole between the cylinder and the pile support to transfer the driving force of the hammer to the pile as a medium, an open-cut portion(330) is formed on one side of the pile support to insert the pile to the pile support easily without inserting to the lowermost end of the pile support, and a knob(500) is coupled to the side of the cylinder and the pile support to move conveniently and to regulate the height according to the length of various piles.


"ProPPA: Probabilistic Programming for Stochastic Dynamical Systems," by Georgoulas, Hillston, and Sanguinetti, introduces the ProPPA formalism, which brings together ideas from stochastic process algebras with those from the paradigm of probabilistic programming. The article formally defines the ProPPA language and its semantics and presents a tool-set, along with results from illustrative examples. This replicated computational results report installs and runs the tool-set and repeats the simulation-based results from the article, finding that the published results are repeatable.


Abstract This short reply to criticism of an original paper demonstrates how the critics themselves reflect the limitations originally pointed to. Public dialogue in science is about form not content. Nervous officials, and sadly a few scientists themselves, feel that they need to be seen to consult on such matters with ordinary people. They are creating a new system of patronage in the process. An army of self‐appointed communications experts also go so far as to suggest that this makes for better science. This projects a narrow utilitarian or instrumentalist model whereby science should serve certain pre‐determined social goals. This debases science, discrediting its institutions and accentuating the very problem they seek to solve.


This article deals with the origin of the 17th century fortified towns in the former borderlands between Sweden and Denmark, with special emphasis on Kristianstad, Kalmar and Karlskrona. These town ...


This book provides the best available account of the life and contributions of Jean-Martin Charcot. It gives a fascinating picture of the man and his milieu, and clearly defines his role in establishing the new medical speciality of clinical neurology.


This research is to find out how the level of financial literacy of gen Z and the ability of financial management is gen Z. The research sample on gene Z is in students of the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadiyah University, Tangerang. In this study used descriptive and associative research. The primary data used in this study were 100 samples. Hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study found that the level of student financial literacy was moderate with a score of 3.50 (68.12%); literacy expenditure with a score of 3.6 (68.5%); credit literacy with a score of 3.15 (61.5%); saving literacy with a score of 3.53 (69%), and investment literacy with a score of 3.7 (73.5%). The results also show that the ability to manage money is at a moderate level. The results showed that financial literacy had a significant positive effect on money management ability of Gen Z represented by students.


The literature suggests that most studies on student retention have focused on student satisfaction at 4-year institutions where students tend to be more traditional in nature. The study discussed in this article investigated how Tinto's (Tinto, Russo, & Kadel, 1994) model of retention could be applied to 2-year institutions. It explored academic and social integration and their effects on student withdrawal rates as well as the effect of background skills on withdrawal rates. Study participants were 462 second-semester degree-seeking community college students who completed a survey regarding their satisfaction with the academic and social climate of the community college. Performance on Computer Placement Tests (CPTs) were correlated with withdrawal rates to determine the association between background skill levels and withdrawal patterns. No correlation was found between academic and social integration and withdrawal rates. However, findings did show that the poorer the CPT performance, the more likely students were to withdraw from courses.


The generator switchgears SF6 at Xin'anjiang Hydropower Plant are manufactured by French Company Alstom.Based on many years tracking of the operation of these switchgears the breakdowns of these switchgears are statistically recorded and the causes of breakdown are analyzed carefully.On the basis of analysis some treatment and preventive measures are proposed.


Monolithic integration of III–V materials and devices on CMOS compatible on‐axis Si (001) substrates enables a route of low‐cost and high‐density Si‐based photonic integrated circuits. Inversion boundaries (IBs) are defects that arise from the interface between III–V materials and Si, which makes it almost impossible to produce high‐quality III–V devices on Si. In this paper, a novel technique to achieve IB‐free GaAs monolithically grown on on‐axis Si (001) substrates by realizing the alternating straight and meandering single atomic steps on Si surface has been demonstrated without the use of double Si atomic steps, which was previously believed to be the key for IB‐free III–V growth on Si. The periodic straight and meandering single atomic steps on Si surface are results of high‐temperature annealing of Si buffer layer. Furthermore, an electronically pumped quantum‐dot laser has been demonstrated on this IB‐free GaAs/Si platform with a maximum operating temperature of 120 °C. These results can be a major step towards monolithic integration of III–V materials and devices with the mature CMOS technology.


This paper deals with the main legislative instrument of the EU
audiovisual policy, the Television without Frontiers Directive,
and focuses on critical examination of its cultural goals.
After a brief review of the evolvement of culturally oriented
objectives in the European broadcasting legislation, the paper
turns to the presentation of existing results of the programme
quota policy across Europe. The main part of the paper is
devoted to the empirical case study of the implementation of
the TWF Directive into the Czech media legislation,
complemented by analysis of Czech TV audience behaviour.


Noncoherent low-power photon upconversion has been realized in solid thin films composed of an ethyleneoxide/epichlorohydrin copolymer doped with palladium octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA). Selective excitation of PdOEP at 544 nm generates easily visualized DPA fluorescence in the blue with noncoherent light sources under ambient laboratory conditions. The incident excitation power dependence is quadratic in nature, exemplifying that sequential one-photon absorption by PdOEP leads to the sensitization of two triplet DPA chromophores, which in turn annihilate to produce the upconverted singlet DPA fluorescence. Time-resolved emission experiments confirm that the solid host facilitates these sequential bimolecular reactions leading to delayed DPA fluorescence; however, these processes are notably slower than the analogous photochemistry in fluid solution.


From introduction: This map shows the approximate altitude and configuration of the top of the Floridian aquifer...This map was prepared from geologic, geophysical, and drillers' logs on file with the Florida Bureau of Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Johns River Water Management District, and from logs in published reports.


The incompressible hydrodynamics of a single parabolic cluster descending at the wall of a CFB riser was numerically simulated using a 2-D Eulerian-Granular model and a segregated time-dependent unsteady solver. Numerical predictions of the velocity of descent and the evolution of cluster shape are in reasonable agreement with experimental results available in the literature.


This thesis paper studies how a certain disease called Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV can affect a person's way of living, relationships as well as their mental and emotional state. In cases like this, we tend to focus more on science and physical wellness. Certainly, that's not a bad thing, but the researchers wanted to show that a disease could destroy not just a person's physical body but also their minds, emotions and life in general. For them, it's necessary to give the same attention and care to these things. The researchers created a visual novel (interactive storytelling video) and a digital comic that tells two different stories of "Andres". For the visual novel, the story is about the blossoming relationship of Andres and an HIV positive person that he meets online. For the digital comic, the story tells more mature themes— Andres' relationship, deceit, depression and coping up. With this kind of project, the researchers believe that it can spread awareness and somehow can give viewers knowledge and idea that these things happen and it's important to recognize them. The project is very applicable and timely since it is in the form of digital media, and usually media and online resources are the most used outlet of people nowadays.


Schlemm et al investigate the progression and sea-level contribution potential of two proposed ice sheet instabilities in Antarctica. They use the Parallel Ice Sheet Model to simulate the retreat of the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet at centennial scale, first in a "reference" case and then in seven experimental cases. The authors then compare sea-level contributions from the Marine Ice Cliff Instability (MICI) with those from the Marine Ice Sheet Instability (MISI) alone.


An array phase calibration method for sonar hydrophone array based on genetic algorithm(GA) is described.Based on the Toeplitz character of the array covariance matrix,a new cost function is constructed as the fitness function for the genetic algorithm a,nd the array phase error estimations can be obtained from the algorithm′s search results.Computer simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the array phase errors and improve the DOA estimation performance of MUSIC algorithm.


Our group has been designing for the past twelve years several speech recognition systems, from isolated vocabulary pattern matching systems to continuous speech understanding systems. The experiments we carried out showed us that the systems designed for restricted vocabularies task were not readily extensible to large vocabularies. We therefore started some years ago implementing a 200 word recognition system using a phonetic approach. This system was tested successfully in 1980. In continuation of this research we decided to extend our approach to a 1000 word vocabulary. This paper describes the principles involved in this system together with the preliminary results already obtained. The basic idea is to reduce the number of word candidates for the recognition by looking for robust phonetic features computed from the input signal. These features are used as a key for accessing the lexicon. Since the determination of the features is carried out in parallel with the phonetic decoding of the input word, it is possible to design a multiprocessor structure in order to reduce the overall recognition time. The determination of crude phonetic features is described together with the organization of the lexicon. Some preliminary results are finally presented and discussed.


Consider the initial boundary value problem for the
equation u t = − L ( t ) u , u ( 1 ) = w on an interval [ 0 , 1 ] for 0$" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> t > 0 , where w ( x ) is a given function in L 2 ( Ω ) and Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ n with a smooth boundary ∂ Ω . L is the unbounded, nonnegative operator in
 L 2 ( Ω ) corresponding to a selfadjoint, elliptic boundary
value problem in Ω with zero Dirichlet data on
 ∂ Ω . The coefficients of L are assumed to be smooth
and dependent of time. It is well known that this problem is
ill-posed in the sense that the solution does not depend
continuously on the data. We impose a bound on the solution at
 t = 0 and at the same time allow for some imprecision in the data.
Thus we are led to the constrained problem. There is built an
approximation solution, found error estimate for the applied
method, given preliminary error estimates for the approximate
method.


This paper examines introducing Economic Value Added as a performance measure for small manufacturing companies. Advantages and disadvantages of using Economic Value Added as a primary measure of performance as compared to sales, revenues, earnings, operating profit, profit after tax, and profit margin are investigated. The Economic Value Added calculation using data from a small company's income and balance sheet statements is illustrated. Necessary adjustments to these financial statements, that are typical for a small company, are demonstrated to prepare the data for the Economic Value Added determination. Finally, potential improvement opportunities resulting from using Economic Value Added as a performance measure in small manufacturing companies are discussed.


In this study, we examine transformations in the influence of risk experts in two large UK banks over a period of six years. Our analysis highlights that a process we term toolmaking (whereby exper...


Our country has been implemented urban and rural dual-structure,which has been severely restricting the development of the socialist market economy.Based on our country proposed a major strategic decision of integration of urban and rural construction land market in 2010,this article briefly describes the shortcoming of the dual-structure,then analyzes the urban and rural construction land market from four aspects: the difficulty of implementing integration of urban and rural construction land market,the benefit of integration of urban and rural construction land market,problems of easily casing and countermeasure.The aim of the article is to help the successful implementation of integration of urban and rural construction land market.


The He(I) photoelectron spectra of Se2 and Tez are presented. In both these molecules, ground-state 0 splitting, described by Hund's case (c) coupling, influences the intensities of ionizing transitions to the spin-orbit split components of the ground ion state, 'HI,. The separations of these components are in agreement with expectations from atomic [ calculations and experimental LandC intervals. Multiplet splitting in the 43 211u states of Se,f and Tet apparently differs from 0; and Sl in that transitions to the second 211(2) state become observable. All possible ion states arising from valence (np) - I, one-electron ionization have been observed. In the low electron energy region of the spectra, we observed considerable new structure for both Se: and Tez. This was attributed to direct one-electron transitions to 4V 'X:, states, together with two-electron processes involving ionization from 6, ns or 0, np with simultaneous ionic excitation, probably of a n, np electron. A greater number of shake-up states than usual might be expected because of the symmetry lowering of all states into Q sub-states. Correlations of all these phenomena with results from previous work on O,, SO and S, are given, In addition, some information on the evaporation properties of selenium, CdSe and Bi,Se, is obtained, including first ionization potentials of Se,, Se, and Se,.


The retail business in Indonesia has now become an informal industry sector that is developing very quickly. Seeing this phenomenon, some retailers in Indonesia try to package the products they sell using their own packaging and brands or private labels. Over time, the development of private label product sales at the Alfamidi Store is still unsatisfactory and tends to stagnate. This study aims to determine the effect of brand awareness and brand loyalty on repurchase intentions and purchasing decisions. The design of this study was explanatory. The sampling technique in this study was on consumers who bought or consumed private label products at the Alfamidi Shop in Tangerang City and filled out the questionnaire using the accidental sampling method but still fulfilled the specified criteria. The sampling technique is Quota Sampling with the amount determined by the researcher. By using Quota sampling, we get a sample of 100 customers. Quantitative analysis method with SEM analysis tools and Smart PLS tools


Abstract We consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the p-Laplace differential operator with a reaction which has a subcritical growth restriction only from above. We prove two multiplicity theorems producing three nontrivial solutions, two of constant sign and the third nodal. The two multiplicity theorems differ on the geometry near the origin. In the semilinear case (that is, p = 2 {p=2} ), using Morse theory (critical groups), we produce a second nodal solution for a total of four nontrivial solutions. As an illustration, we show that our results incorporate and significantly extend the multiplicity results existing for a class of parametric, coercive Dirichlet problems.


The metrosexual culture was the result of the international economic evolution.It is noted by people and become a hot topic.This article was aimed to find the cause of metrosexual from psychological and mathematical angle,and make analyses of its generation,development and influence.


Semi-supervised learning techniques are gaining importance in the scenario of constantly growing data collections. CBIR systems must be able to autonomously analyze the patterns available, to fully exploit unlabeled data with the final objective of identifying an optimal representation space where data belonging to the same semantic class are close to each other. In this work we propose to adopt relevance feedback as a mean of collecting information about the semantic classes perceived by the user and to exploit this information for a long-term learning process where a more effective feature space can be obtained by a proper metric learning technique and class labels can be automatically assigned to unlabeled patterns. The process can iterate as new data become available thus providing a tool for successfully managing new incoming data. The experimental results will confirm the advantages of the proposed learning approach.


According to scholasticism problems in construction structure design at present the meanings of conceptual design are explained.The application of conceptual design in structural design is introduced.Author suggests architect should utilize conceptual design idea to inspire creativity and promote the development of structural design.


A building block and a building block system. The building block is cubic, each side surface of the building block is provided with a visible code used for generating a genetic code that indicates a stacking sequence of multiple building blocks, and the visible codes on the six side surfaces are different from each other. Grooves (301) are formed on the side surfaces of the building block, and multiple building blocks are stacked by inserting wedges (302) into the grooves (301). Through the genetic code that is generated by the visible codes and indicates a stacking sequence of building blocks, the total number, total surface area, and total weight of building blocks used in stacking of the building blocks, the stacking process, and the stacked structure profile can be digitalized. Therefore, as long as the genetic code is known, the stacking process of building block objects can be shown again and the building block objects can be reconstructed in the same sequence, so that the present invention has physical simulation capability and has permanent saving and replicating capability. Further, computer simulation and processing can be performed in a computer with the genetic code used as a file, so that a great many new applications emerge.


According to the superposition principle,the series solution of the potential and electrical field created by a uniform charged disc are obtained.


In the scientific development concept and the modern concept of vocational education under the guidance of higher professional education requirements have corresponding assessments of the ways to ensure the smooth implementation of personnel training objectives.The evaluation of the existing methods of chemistry course there are drawbacks,to give full play to test the dynamic role,we must reform the examination system.Chemistry course at this stage in the analysis of test problems based on the related investigations,proposed on the basis of chemical education evaluation methodologies and the importance of the need for reform,and related Solutions.


The air defense deployment of naval fleet was studied.According to the tactic features,the deployment area was divided into many grids in order to build up mathematic models.Then,the naval fleet air defense deployment model was established based on the fire power,and the restraint matrix,deployment decision matrix,single-ship firepower capability matrix,fleet firepower capability coefficient,firepower capability restraint matrix,and intercept distance contribution coefficient,were described.On the basis of the established model,an optimization method based on Memetic algorithm was constructed.This method could search globally based on particle swarm and search locally based on individual,accelerate the search speed and effectively prevent prematurity.Simulation result shows that the algorithm can solve the deployment model effectively,and improve the efficiency of naval fleet air defense deployment.


Improvements in the existing procedures and materials for conduct of high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) are disclosed. Superior superparamagnetic particles, optionally coated with a polysaccharide or other, usually organic, materials can be prepared in uniform compositions with homogeneous magnetizations. The coating can conveniently be conjugated to a specific binding moiety complementary to a biological material whose purification or separation is desired. In addition, plastic coated matrices which form superior magnetic gradient-intensifying supports are disclosed, along with improved methods and apparatus to conduct HGMS.


The transfer of charged, polar or hydrophilic molecules across membranes is mediated by carrier proteins. Certain transporters operate by means of a primary, active mechanism that can pump substrates out of the cell against a concentration gradient at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Other solute carriers are Na + -coupled and support secondary active transport that is dependent on the cellular ionic eletrochemical gradient, whereas facilitative transporters promote the net flux of solute down its concentration gradient. Many new families of membrane carriers have been identified recently, some of which are highly expressed in the placenta and have precise physiological roles in the delivery of individual nutrients or clearance of endogenous substances across the placenta (Ganapathy et al., 2000). Other carriers are multispecific and will interact with drugs/toxins that structurally mimic natural substances. The goal of this workshop was to review the latest information regarding the transporters that are implicated in the trans-placental passage of drugs and other selected physiological substances such as sulphated conjugates of steroid hormones. An update on the mechanisms of iron transfer across the placenta was also presented, as well as a review of the placental drug metabolizing systems that ultimately influence the fetal exposure to xenobiotics.


The partner of this Community Partnership Program (PKM) was a Silk Family UKM. The problems were: (1) lack of knowledge about bodo clothes (baju bodo) accessories design that has a beautiful appearance, (2) lacks the skills to make bodo clothes accessories designs that have a beautiful appearance, (3) the quantity of production of bodo clothes that have beautiful-looking accessories is very limited, and (4) the quality of the production of bodo clothes that have beautiful-looking accessories is very limited. The external target was a bodo clothes that has beautiful-looking accessories and a variety of colors for adults, teenagers, and children. The methods used were: lectures, demonstrations, discussions, question and answer, and accompanying partners. The results achieved were (1) the partner have knowledge in designing the bodo clothes (baju bodo) accessories, (2) the partner have the skills to design and sew the accessories, (3) partners have the ability to increase the production of bodo clothes that have accessories with a beautiful appearance, (4) partners have the ability to improve the quality of bodo clothes that have accessories with a beautiful appearance, and (5) produce bodo clothes that have accessories of various colors with a beautiful appearance.


Good progress At Swansea University, the academic staff's preparations for a new pre-registration curriculum are progressing well, with interim discussions informed by the views of user and carer colleagues. One carer told the curriculum group: 'Parents and carers face daily barriers raising children and young people with disabilities. If they are listened to and their experiences are understood, all our services would provide better outcomes. Small changes by nursing staff can make profound differences to our quality of life' NS


Medicinal herbs are moving from fringe to mainstrea m use with a greater number of people seeking remedies and health approaches free from si de effects caused by synthetic chemicals. India officially recognizes over 3000 plants for th eir medicinal value. It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are in use in tradit ional, folk and herbal medicine. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the phyto chemical and pharmacological aspects of Cassia fistula. It is obtained from deciduous and m ixed-monsoon forests throughout greater parts of India, ascending to 1300 m in outer Himala ya, is widely used in traditional medicinal system of India has been reported to possess hepato protective, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antifungal and also used to check wounds healing an d antibacterial. It is known as a rich source of tannins, flavanoids and glycosides. The innumera ble medicinal properties and therapeutic uses of Cassia Fistula as well as its phytochemical investigations prove its importance as a valuable medicinal plant.


In the present investigation, Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) only representative of the sub-family Schizothoracinae recorded in Nagaland waters is taken stake of.  Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) commonly known as Alwan snow trout in English, and in various tribal names in Nagaland like Kahanei (Zeliang), Khothevu (Angami), Nguchi (Khiemungans), Khangu (Chakhesang), Mesha (Pochury), Kaepun (Yimchunger),  Akhanu (Sema) and  Nyetao (Konyak) is mostly found in the torrential upland rivers in Nagaland . The distribution trend of this important fish species in Nagaland rivers is presented.


This paper is a scientific comparison of two code generation techniques with identical goals --- generation of the best possible software pipelined code for computers with instruction level parallelism. Both are variants of modulo scheduling, a framework for generation of software pipelines pioneered by Rau and Glaser [RaG181], but are otherwise quite dissimilar.One technique was developed at Silicon Graphics and is used in the MIPSpro compiler. This is the production compiler for SGI's systems which are based on the MIPS R8000 processor [Hsu94]. It is essentially a branch--and--bound enumeration of possible schedules with extensive pruning. This method is heuristic because of the way it prunes and also because of the interaction between register allocation and scheduling.The second technique aims to produce optimal results by formulating the scheduling and register allocation problem as an integrated integer linear programming (ILP1) problem. This idea has received much recent exposure in the literature [AlGoGa95, Feautrier94, GoAlGa94a, GoAlGa94b, Eichenberger95], but to our knowledge all previous implementations have been too preliminary for detailed measurement and evaluation. In particular, we believe this to be the first published measurement of runtime performance for ILP based generation of software pipelines.A particularly valuable result of this study was evaluation of the heuristic pipelining technology in the SGI compiler. One of the motivations behind the McGill research was the hope that optimal software pipelining, while not in itself practical for use in production compilers, would be useful for their evaluation and validation. Our comparison has indeed provided a quantitative validation of the SGI compiler's pipeliner, leading us to increased confidence in both techniques.


The Henan electric power video conference system is very important for the corporation's work such as manufacturing management, emergency training and so on. This paper mainly introduces the network architecture and schematization of Henan electric power video conference system, and it also analyzes the network characteristic. The gradual perfection and stability operation of Henan electric power video conference system will provide strong support to the corporation's operation and the improvement of work efficiency. KeywordsVideo conference; Network Architecture; Multi Control Unit; Conference Terminal


Patients with paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (p-IBD) and their families widely use the Internet as a resource and tend to read the first page of 10 results. However, online content may be of questionable quality, and valuable information may be hard to find. This study aimed to (i) determine the average quality of online information on p-IBD and (ii) analyze whether it depends on the source of information.

 A google search was performed on the 28 October 2019 using the keywords: 'Crohn's disease', 'ulcerative colitis', 'Inflammatory Bowel Disease', 'colonoscopy', 'endoscopy', all of them combined with the terms 'paediatric' and 'children'. We recorded the first 10 results for each search and excluded scientific papers, advertisements, videos and sites requiring subscription. Websites were classified according to their origin as hospital, professional society, government agency, health press or patient organisations. The quality of the information was assessed with the DISCERN instrument, a validated 16-point questionnaire (total score 16–80) to evaluate the quality of written information. DISCERN scores were graded as excellent (68–80), good (55–67), fair (42–54), poor (29–41) or very poor (16–28). In order to minimise subjectivity, four evaluators assessed the quality, and the mean total score was calculated for every selected website. The proportion of websites with excellent or good grading in each category was compared using the Fisher test.

 We identified 100 websites and 65 met the inclusion criteria. The type of authorship and DISCERN scores are shown in Table 1. The overall median DISCERN score was 40.8 [interquartile range, IQR 10.5]. Only 5 websites had an excellent or good score. The proportion of websites with excellent or good grading was significantly higher in those from government agencies and professional societies (33.3% and 30% vs. 2% and 0%, p < 0.05). None of the health press websites showed excellent or good grading. Surprisingly, no websites from patient organisations were identified.

 The quality of online information on p-IBD is highly variable. Most of the easily found websites are from hospitals, but professional societies and government agencies provide a higher quality of information. Improvement of online information on p-IBD is still needed.


The invention relates to a novel method for preparing vinyl acetate from bioethanol. Ethanol is fermented into finished yeast mash used as the raw material, and three cells, i.e. bio-ethylene preparation, vinyl acetate synthetic reaction, vinyl acetate refinement, are used for producing the vinyl acetate product satisfying the requirements. The method is realized in a way that: the mass concentration of the ethanol water solution from an ethanol distillation tower is 40-60%, and the raw material ethanol used for preparing ethylene through dehydration does not need to be diluted by adding water, and is directly vaporized by heating and conveyed into an ethylene reactor; after cooling to condense the ethylene reaction gas from an ethylene reactor, gas is separated from liquid in a gas/liquid separating tank, and the gas mainly containing the ethylene is conveyed to a vinyl acetate reaction unit to synthesize the vinyl acetate after being compressed by using an ethylene compressor, thereby realizing zero consumption of process water in the ethylene production process. Thus, the invention simplifies and shortens the production process and reduces the energy consumption and material consumption in the vinyl acetate production process. By using the method, renewable biomass materials in the vinyl acetate production process can partially replace unrenewable fossil materials.


Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins(CEPs) have been used in a variety of important industrial fields such as microelectronic and LED packagings,insulation of electric generators,and fabrication of high-performance polymeric composites for aeronautics and astronautics due to their excellent processability,thermal stability,electric insulativity and UV radiation-resistance.In recent years,wide studies on the synthesis of cycloaliphatic epoxy resins have been undertaken to fulfill the increasing demands for physical properties.This paper describes the recent progress on molecular design and synthesis of novel cycloaliphatic epoxy resins with tunable functionality,crosslinking density and glass transition temperature,studies of influences of chemical structures of CEPs on thermal curing behaviors and physical properties of cured products,the toughening modifications of CEPs by incorporation of silane and alkoxyl groups as well as the thermally reworkable CEPs and their structure-property relationships.The trends for developing new CEPs are also introduced.


This paper presents an application of fractional order controller for the control of multi input multi output twin rotor aerodynamic system. Dynamics of the considered system are highly nonlinear and there exists a significant cross-coupling between the horizontal and vertical axes (pitch & yaw). In this paper, a fractional order model of twin rotor aerodynamic system is identified using input output data from nonlinear system. Based upon identified fractional order model, a fractional order PID controller is designed to control the angular position of level bar of twin rotor aerodynamic system. The parameters of controller are tuned using Nelder-Mead optimization and compared with particle swarm optimization techniques. Simulation results on the nonlinear model show a significant improvement in the performance of fractional order PID controller as compared to a classical PID controller.


Small molecule spectroscopy on M(Pc)(OR)2 and ROM(Pc)OM(Pc)OR molecular fragments (M = Si, Ge; Pc = phthalocyaninato) of the conductive polymer [M(Pcp+)O]n provides a unique probe of the band structure-forming π-π interactions. We describe here the synthesis and characterization of the M = Ge monomer and dimer where R = (t-Bu)Me2Si-. The lowest energy He I photoelectron spectroscopic feature of the dimer is a doublet with a splitting of 0.19(3) eV. This splitting can be associated with the cofacial HOMO-HOMO Pc-Pc interaction and translates into a tight-binding bandwidth in the polymer of 0.38(6) eV. This result is in good agreement with an experimental bandwidth of 0.48(5) eV obtained from a Drude analysis of the {[Ge(Pc)0]I1.1}n reflectance spectrum and a bandwidth of 0.50 eV derived from theoretical calculations.


. Alternating minimization is an efficient method for solving convex minimization prob- lems whose objective function is a sum of a differentiable function and a separable nonsmooth function. Variants and extensions of the alternating minimization method have been developed in recent years. In this paper, we consider the convergence rate of several existing alternating minimization schemes. We improve the proven big- O convergence rate of these algorithms to little- o under an error bound condition which is actually quite common in many applications. We also investigate the convergence of a variant of alternating minimization proposed in this paper.


Effects of various iron stoichiometry on diffusion of hydrogen in disordered and ordered Ni3Fe alloys are studied by cathodic charging with hydrogen.The elongation increases and intergranular(IG) depth decreases with increasing iron content respectively for disordered and ordered Ni3Fe alloys precharged hydrogen under the same precharging condition.Based on a time-lag method,as the iron contents for the disordered and ordered Ni3Fe alloys is increased with the same pre-charging,the apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen and the apparent activation energy of hydrogen diffusion decrease.Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in disordered Ni3Fe alloy is greater than that in ordered Ni3Fe alloy under the same condition.


Employment policy for the disabled is now on the turning point. This is the right time that researches about the issues for the employment of the disabled should be conducted. Those results and advices from the researches are to be utilized as evidence for policies. In this point of view, the employment development institute(EDI) of the Korea employment agency for the disabled(KEAD) has been contributing to a better understanding and spread of the related field. This study is focused on the evaluation and development of the research and statistical research programs of EDI. Many programs are now operated by EDI and those programs are divided into two categories, one is 'research and development' and the other is 'education and training program'. In the research and development program, EDI conducts programs for policy development, employment development, and surveys statistics. For evaluating those programs, we set up different methods. A Network diagram for citation of the research results is used in the evaluation of the policy development field. To visualize the usage and the spread of survey statistic data, the number and proportion of research papers using the data from EDI is analyzed with time series trends. Evaluation for experts and public-service customer satisfaction index(PCSI) are also used. Additionally, the evaluation index of public business evaluation system are reviewed is offer several suggestions. The results and implications of the study are as follows. The usage and spread of research and survey & statistics from EDI is increased. As for education programs, almost every indicator has shown improvement improved but the contents of the program. The current business index is weighted too much on the employment training area. For the areas in which it is hard to evaluate, the use of a qualitative index is recommended for the proper use of the program logic model.


The largest wildfire ever observed in Greenland raged through its tundra during august 2017, and it is unknown if there have been similar wildfires in the area before satellite monitoring began in ...


The continuous deepening of the construction of my country's IIoT identity resolution system needs to be applied to various fields to establish its Industrial IoT ecosystem. The research on Digital twin has also expanded from concept to practical application. Identity resolution and Digital twin each realize the "symbiosis and same growth" of products in the two dimensions of data and model. For the Product entire life cycle, the use of different rules for encoding information between companies will hinder the sharing of the Digital twin model, which will subsequently increase the difficulty of constructing the Digital twin scene. This article proposes a combination of identity resolution and digital twin, which has broken the barriers to data flow between enterprises. Finally, to realize the model sharing between different enterprises. In the field of aviation manufacturing, the two are organically combined. Use the IIoT platform to establish a full-element, multi-scale product twin model. Apply it to the full life cycle management of Aviation products and target several important life stages of Aviation products. To study the method and application of the corresponding twin scene model to realize the intelligent manufacturing of Aviation products.


This paper presents the design of a light and robust temporary emergency shelter with a triangulated polyhedral grid to transfer the lateral and vertical loads efficiently. To simplify the construction the variety of the elements is minimized, only two sizes of elements are applied. For the structural grid alternatives are designed using varying materials as cardboard, aluminum, steel and timber. The dimensions of the elements are validated. The alternatives are compared and ranked to minimize the environmental load due to the production, assemblage and transport.


Four pure hydrocarbon molecules of 1,3,5-tris(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)benzene (mTPFB), 4,4′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)biphenyl (pDPFBP), 1,4-bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)benzene (pDPFB) and 1,3-bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)benzene (mDPFB), with different connecting modes and cores were prepared in a one-pot reaction. Among them, mTPFB and pDPFDB were newly designed for the study of the structure–property relationship and developing good blue hosts for phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PhOLEDs). The four materials show very similar photophysical properties in solution, with almost the same bandgap and triplet energy, as well as similar energy levels. However, their device behavior is quite different with the best performance coming from mTPFB. The conjugation blocked connection mode in the starburst mTPFB molecule with rigid and bulky substituents results in a high triplet energy coupled with good and balanced electron and hole transport, as proved by the internal reorganization energy calculation and mono charge device study, which makes it a good host for a blue phosphor in a PhOLED. The device shows an external quantum efficiency of 15.7% and a current efficiency of 30.6 cd A−1, which is among the best for pure hydrocarbon host based devices.


Learning Center for Midwifery Service Management and Entrepreneurship to manage management reports, proposals, and role plays. The first purpose and benefit of this research is to design and build a prototype software application "E-MPKK" as a Learning Media for Clinical Practice Management of Midwifery and Entrepreneurship Services for Midwifery Department Students, FKUB so that the learning process is more effective and efficient, including easy access to reporting, monitoring student assignments, and the effectiveness of the duration of clinical guidance between lecturers and students. With this software application, students are expected to be able to analyze the correct information with the right method and time. The right time is meant to shorten the time to work on data collection, problem analysis, and making strategic plans. the process of storing the resulting soft file. assessment, analysis results, and planning to be better, structured, and measurable. With this software application students can analyze the correct information with the right method and time. storage of soft files of assessment results, analysis results, and planning to be better, structured, and measurable. by assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of working on reports with software applications. With this software application, it is expected that Midwifery Service Management reporting will be more effective; and reporting time is shorter, storage is also better and safer and reduces paper usage With this software application students can analyze the correct information with the right method and time. storage of soft files of assessment results, analysis results, and planning to be better, structured, and measurable. by assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of working on reports with software applications. With this software application, it is expected that Midwifery Service Management reporting will be more effective; and reporting time is shorter, storage is also better and safer and reduces paper usage With this software application students can analyze the correct information with the right method and time. storage of soft files of assessment results, analysis results, and planning to be better, structured, and measurable. by assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of working on reports with software applications. With this software application, it is expected that Midwifery Service Management reporting will be more effective; and reporting time is shorter, storage is also better and safer and reduces paper usage With this software application, it is expected that Midwifery Service Management reporting will be more effective; and reporting time is shorter, storage is also better and safer and reduces paper usage With this software application, it is expected that Midwifery Service Management reporting will be more effective; and reporting time is shorter, storage is also better and safer and reduces paper usage.


Increasingly, effective service delivery requires multiple assessments and often involves multiple agencies or departments. In many cases such assessments may be best carried out in the service userãs home rather than in an environment which is less familiar. Current practice requires separate assessments collecting only the relevant information needed to make the individual assessment, with much duplication of data collection and consequent frequent intrusive reviews and potential contradictions or errors in data held where multiple assessments are needed. Transformation of this process can be achieved if multiple assessments using an integrated data set and mobile devices are positioned as a core channel of service delivery. Many current mobile developments are in danger of missing the opportunities for service enhancement and of perpetuating and embedding a paradigm which is limiting and inefficient in the era of powerful mobile devices. This paper will present and discuss other alternative options.


An endometrial sampler is provided for obtaining an endometrial sample for clinical analysis which is safe to use and reduces patient discomfort. The sampler includes a handle and a flexible plastic probe having grooves on diametrically opposite sides adjacent the distal end of the probe. Each groove has a pair of sharp edges with each edge formed at the intersection of the periphery of the probe and a sidewall of the groove with the two forming an acute angle at their intersection. The probe is of solid plastic, relatively small in diameter and can be bent before insertion into the uterus of a patient to reduce patient discomfort.


The paper examined Restructuring and National Security to ascertain how this could possibly enhance and sustain a better nation amidst the many crises that have endangered the unity of our peaceful coexistence. It is imperative to acknowledge that the unending squabbles and schisms threatening the peaceful coexistence of the Nigerian-state is traceable to improper restructuring of the political system. The paper which relied on secondary sources of data submits that addressing issues of ineffective representation, non-inclusion of persons of different segments, religious intolerance among others would help to promote National Security. The paper therefore argues that issues that are capable of triggering crisis and destroying the National Security, should be tackled adequately in order to have an orderly society devoid of rancour and endless acrimony. The conclusion of the paper was anchored on genuine restructuring with proper recommendations that would help promote an organized and egalitarian society.


The utility model relates the field of detection and calibration of detection instruments, in particular to a placing support of a calibration criterion ball of a three-coordinate measuring machine, which is composed of a base, a support post, a criterion ball placing top plate and three magnetic stands. The bottom surfaces of the magnetic stands and the bottom of the base are at a same level, and the three magnetic stands are evenly distributed on the periphery of the base by welding. The placing support of the calibration criterion ball solves the technical problem that a fixing structure is absent between a support base and a calibration platform of the existing placing support of a calibration criterion component of the three coordinate measuring machine, the support base is large in size and heavy in weight, the existing support is not convenient to move on the calibration platform, and accordingly calibration operation efficiency is affected. The placing support of the calibration criterion ball is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, flexible to move and stable in location.


Outcome expectations, an integral theoretical component of social cognitive career theory, remains almost completely unexamined in the domain of academic persistence, or the decision a student makes to remain in college. This study sought to develop a theoretically derived scale to measure outcome expectations. An initial item pool was developed and sent to a sample of college students. A second, confirmatory sample of undergraduate students was collected via an online crowdsourcing platform. Results suggested the presence of a two-factor structure was the most parsimonious solution across both samples. The two factors retained across both samples reflected positive and negative outcome expectations that students perceived about remaining in college for the year. Limitations and implications are discussed.


Have reviewed the present research on apple polyphenols from three aspects such as main compositions,methods of extraction and purification,which would provide some information for further study of apple polyphenols.


Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University

PLEASE NOTE: tables 8 and 17 are missing from the physical thesis. We are not able to determine whether this is a simple case of misnumbering by the author, or substantive information is actually missing.


Capsules of korarima collected from four major growing regions of south southwestern Ethiopia at peak harvesting time, November and December 2011 were evaluated for the different physical and biochemical qualities. According to result obtained from analyzing capsules and seeds physical characters significant (p<0.05) variations existed in terms of capsule length (CL), diameter and circumference, single fresh capsule weight, number of seeds per capsule, seed to husk ratio, seed length (SL), seed diameter and hundred seed weight. A significant (p<0.05) variation was also obtained from seeds quality traits such as volatile oil, oleoresin contents and proximate compositions. The mean values of the capsules and seed physical traits showed that the average CL and SL varied from 4.8 to 6.7 cm and 3.56 to 3.89 cm, respectively among the different samples. Fresh capsule weight ranged from 17.2 to 27.4 g, seed number per capsule varied from 122.6 to 232.8 and hundred seed weight ranged between 1.39 and 2.34 g. The mean values of seed biochemical traits showed that volatile oil content ranged from 0.9 to 3.2 (v/w%) and oleoresin content ranged from 2.2 to 7.8 (w/w%). The results from proximate analysis revealed that the percentage mean values were within a range of 7.4 to 48.4 crude fiber, 1.25 2.85 crude fat, 3.08 to 15.38 ash, 6.87 to 7.95 crude protein and 26.12 to 61.01 carbohydrate contents. The overall result show that there is variability in physical and biochemical parameters among korarima samples of different regions. The variation may be linked to varietal, environmental, edaphic factors and/or management practices. The results obtained may contribute for further breeding and quality improvement purposes.


A phylogenetic analysis of the eight species of whistling-duck ( Dendrocygna ) and the White-backed Duck ( Thalassornis leuconotus ) was performed using 68 characters of the skeleton, trachea, and natal and definitive integument. Three shortest trees were found, each having a length of 9 1 and a consistency index of 0.766 (excluding uninformative characters). Monophyly of Dendrocygna + Thalassornis was supported by three unambiguous synapomorphies, and monophyly of Dendrocygna by eight unambiguous synapomorphies. The three shortest trees supported two major clades within Dendrocygna, each supported by three synapomorphies: (1) D. autumnalis + D. viduata\ and (2) the other six species of Dendrocygna. Within the latter, the three shortest trees defined two groups: (1) D. guttata + D. arborea (supported by three synapomorphies); and (2) an unresolved trichotomy (supported by one unambiguous synapomorphy) involving D. eytoni, D. bicolor, and the clade D. arcuata + D. javanica (the last two united by three synapomorphies). A majority-rule consensus tree of 1000 bootstrapped replicates confirmed all of the branches common to the three equally parsimonious trees. All species of Dendrocygna and (especially) Thalassornis were highly autapomorphic. Mapping of selected ecomorphological parameters on the trees revealed evolutionary patterns in body mass, egg mass, relative clutch mass, and diving habit, with lesser trends in preferred nest site, perching habit, and diel activity pattern. A phylogenetic classification of the group is presented and related systematic and biogeographic issues are discussed.


The article presents laboratory test results of bulk density and compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with expanded clay aggregate. Testing several mixtures of different composition and construction methods, the compressive strength at unchanged concrete bulk density, and the change of bulk density at unchanged strength have been analyzed. The results show that greater compressive strength can be achieved using less cement in concrete with the same bulk density. The cause of this phenomenon is based on different concrete density.


As NGIS project has been implemented in 1995 and effectiveness of geospatial information increased, Digital maps serve several purpose in administrative, living, and the variety of industrial fields. But, Digital maps have difficulties in application of managing urban facilities due to many differences with real world information caused by high update cost and long generation period. This paper suggests an update method of building layers of digital map in urban area; first, we verify the filtered building information using digital areal imagery and LiDAR data which is high-accurate and also can be faster and more economical in 3D information acquisition, and finally update building layers by comparing with the existed digital map. Future research will concentrate on automatic removal of the small and the tree regions, discrimination of buildings and vegetation for generating and updating building layers using LiDAR data.


PHUKET, THAILAND--
 The Rockefeller Foundation is closing the books on an ambitious $100 million effort to develop and disseminate new molecular tools to improve rice, leaving as its legacy a community of rice researchers that has created more prolific, robust, and nutritious strains. The foundation has decided to shift its agricultural resources to problems facing subsistence farmers, with an emphasis on traits rather than specific crops and a focus on sub-Saharan Africa.


The essence of quantum error-correction is to use redundant Hilbert space to identify and correct errors, and the channel fidelity of the quantum channel does not affect which errors can be identified and corrected. Based on this, it is found that quantum error-correction can be used to classify the independent quantum channel into 5 types, and 4 of the 5 types can be purified. It is found in quantum error-correction, the decoherence of quantum state may be related to the degree of identification for the state under quantum noise, and the results of this work confirmed that the degree of purity of quantum channel determines its ability to retain the quantum property of the quantum state, not the fidelity. In this work, the identification of the independent Pauli channels by quantum error-correction is demonstrated.


Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the rate of rotavirus causes of diarrhoea among children under 10 years of age visiting a children's hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This study was carried out from October 2010 to July 2011. During the study, a total of 1068 diarrheal stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient department of children less than 10 years of age attending Kanti Children's Hospital and processed in Public Health Research Laboratory, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). About 5 ml of fresh diarrhoeal stool samples was collected and were transferred into vials which were preserved by adding buffer solution for detection of rotavirus. Samples for rotavirus antigen detection were detected by using Enzyme Immuno Assay. Data were entered into Microsoft excel and SPSS and analysis was done employing Chi-square test.Results: Among 1068 total cases, 22.0% (235/1068) children were infected with rotavirus which was found to be highest in inpatient (26.2%) with severe case (37.1%) then outpatients (12.1%). Rotavirus were found to be highest in male children (22.9%) under 2 years (23.8%) of age group. Among all season, the rotavirus infection was highest in winter seasons (29.6%) followed by spring season (26.7%) and others. According to father occupation and mother education, the prevalence of rotavirus was found to be high in children with fathers having occupation labor (27.8%) and found to be higher in children with illiterate mother (38.9%).Conclusion: The routine diagnosis of rotavirus in Nepal is not done. So it can be concluded that routine stool examination should include detection of Rotavirus antigen in diagnosis of acute pediatrics diarrhoeal illness which helps in management for diarrhoeal population.


Guanylyl- and methyltransferases, isolated from purified vaccinia virus, were used to specifically label the 5′ ends of the genome RNAs of influenza A and B viruses. All eight segments were labeled with [α-32P]guanosine 5′-triphosphate or S-adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine to form "cap" structures of the type m7G(5′)pppNm-, of which unmethylated (p)ppN- represents the original 5′ end. Further analyses indicated that m7G(5′)pppAm, m7G(5′)pppAmpGp, and m7G(5′)pppAmpGpUp were released from total and individual labeled RNA segments by digestion with nuclease P1, RNase T1, and RNase A, respectively. Consequently, the 5′-terminal sequences of most or all individual genome RNAs of influenza A and B viruses were deduced to be (p)ppApGpUp. The presence of identical sequences at the ends of RNA segments of both types of influenza viruses indicates that they have been specifically conserved during evolution.


Abstract. Warm temperatures in March 2012 in most of the tree fruit growing areas of Ontario caused trees to blossom the earliest on record. This was followed by a few late spring frosts in April that devastated much of Ontario's tender tree fruits and apples. Only those with wind machines or other frost mitigating strategies protected some crop. 2010 had the earliest bloom, followed by 1998, then 1991. The author wondered….was there a trend to earlier bloom, and might this cause late spring frost problems in future? (This abbreviated technical paper was presented as a poster at the 2014 ASABE and CSBE/SCGAB Annual International Meeting)


As Bechhofer, McCrone, Kiely and Stewart point out, there has been a tendency in the study of nationalism in particular, and in the social sciences in general, to assume that national identity is simply conferred upon individuals by the nation-state. Their article 'Constructing National Identity: Arts and Landed Elites in Scotland' seeks to rectify this emphasis (Bechhofer et al 1999). Through theoretical argument and discussion of survey work in Scotland, they arrive at the conclusion that, 'National identity should not in our view be seen as a fairly passive means by which citizens are bound culturally and socially to the state, but a far more interactive process whereby individuals have available the means for constructing who they are and who they want to be' (1999:530). National identity is not, they earlier claim, 'essential, given, unproblematic and unchanging', but is 'constructed in the processes of everyday life' (1999:521). Certain qualifications are placed upon these claims. The writers acknowledge that, on the one hand, the views (in themselves anticipated) of 'significant others' check the ability of the individual to successfully make a claim upon a particular identity, and, on the other, that most of the time for most people national identity is unproblematic and unquestioned. However, these concessions seem to make little impact upon their actual discussion and do not detract from the central claim advanced that the formulation and presentation of national identity is a matter of individual choice. The claim that national identity is constructed and contested is not in itself original. For instance, the Slovene sociologist Slavoj Žižek argues that in identifying themselves with a nation the 'Nation-Thing' an individual draws upon a range of somewhat arbitrary symbols and cultural practices (Žižek 1990:52). This relates to the now generally recognised wider point that there is no single national identity for any nation, but a number of them (Bhabha 1990). Alternative visions of nationhood 195


We present relativistic calculations of the differential, integrated elastic, momentum transfer, total cross sections and spin polarization parameters for positrons scattered from xenon atom using a simple optical model potential to represent interaction between positron and target atoms. In the calculation, we employ a parameter-free model potential for the correlation polarization and absorption potential as devised for positron-atom scattering. Our calculated differential cross sections compare fairly well with the experimental results.


Following the introduction of epidural for labor analgesia, debate has centered on the issue of its effect on outcome of labor; in terms of length of labor and increase in the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery and cesarean section (CS). There is no ideal study on the effect of epidural analgesia (EA) on the outcome of labor due to logistic problems in randomization, blinding and getting a control group; as a result these queries are partly answered. Despite these problems, it has been established that labor epidural has minimal effect on progress of established labor and maternal request should be a sufficient indication to start an epidural. Although instrumental vaginal delivery is probably increased with epidural but obstetrician practice, pain free patient and teaching opportunity are likely factors increasing the incidence. Maternal-fetal factors and obstetric management and not the use of EA are the most important determinants of the CS rate. The purpose of this review is to summarize data from controlled trials addressing the question of whether neuraxial labor analgesia causes an increased risk of CS or rate of instrumental delivery. In addition, the review discusses whether the timing of initiation of analgesia infl uences the mode of delivery.


The present invention generally relates to a system and method that reduces the number of connections, especially in the Internet Inter-ORB -ORB Protocol (IIOP) environment relates to a distributed computing environment. The conventional method required a n × m of connection in order to adjust the request to the remote server (92, 94, 96, 98) from the client (82, 84, 86, 88). In the present method, and it requires only m of connection (81, 91) via an intelligent concentration, which greatly reduces the requirements and allows for scalability. Conventional methods did not use a concentrator failure or extended dynamically focused multiple intelligent master to adjust the fanny process 90.


here is some controversy about how computer ethics and ethics in general should be taught. The two most idely used approaches are lecturing about ethical concepts and situations, and getting the students involved in the discussion and solution of ethical dilemmas. These two approaches can complement each other very well. The oneway presentation of ethical concepts can lay the theoretical foundations and the discussion of cases can motivate the students to practice ethical analyses. This paper offers useful suggestions to increase the effectiveness of off-the-shelf case scenarios to teach computer ethics.


Abstract : Air evaluation of patients requiring mechanical ventilation exposes these individuals to a barometric pressure that is approximately 25% less than normal. This limits the maximum inspired oxygen tension that can be provided as well as possibly altering ventilatory requirements. We investigated this problem in two ways. First, we used a theoretical analysis to set tolerance limits on vital physiological functions. Oxygen delivery, the product of cardiac output and arterial oxygen concentration, is the most important factor in ensuring survival. Surprisingly, overall ventilation could be reduced substantially without resulting in an unfavorable outcome. In second portion of the study, we induced the respiratory distress syndrome in anesthetized dogs and then exposed them to a reduced barometric pressure similar to that encountered with aeromedical evacuation. These experiments demonstrated no change in ventilatory requirements but indicated that reduced inspired oxygen tension resulted in substantial hypoxemia. Using these data, we have proposed guidelines for selecting candidates for aeromedical evacuation and determining optimal inspired oxygen concentration during air transport. Keywords: Medical services, Aeromedical evacuation, Ventilatory requirements, Air evacuation, and Mechanical ventilation.


This demonstration will illustrate the key technical and user interface aspects of the Web Adaptation Technology. Various transformations underlying the system will be shown that illustrate how this approach enables a wide range of users with reduced visual, cognitive, and motor abilities to access a large proportion of Web pages using a standard browser.


Compounds or their salts of general formula (I): A-B-N(O)s wherein: s is an integer equal to 1 or 2; A = R-T1-, wherein R is the drug radical and T1 = (CO)t or (X)t', wherein X = O, S, NR1c, R1c is H or a linear or branched alkyl or a free valence, t and t' are integers and equal to zero or 1, with the proviso that t = 1 when t' = 0; t = 0 when t' = 1; B = -TB -X2-O- wherein TB = (CO) when t = 0, TB = X when t' = 0, X being as above defined; X2, bivalent radical, is such that the precursor drug of A and the precursor of B meet respectively the pharmacological tests described in the description.


Recent years have seen extensive applications of deep learning, especially in identification and analysis of images, audios and texts, but incipient applications in petroleum industry. Shapes of loops in power cards of a pumping unit are valuable indicators for pump troubles. These troubles may cause engineering accidents, increase operation costs and reduce operation efficiency. This paper applies image recognition technique based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to well pump troubleshooting via power cards.
 Recent years have seen extensive applications of deep learning, especially in identification and analysis of images, audios and texts, but incipient applications in petroleum industry. Shapes of loops in power cards of a pumping unit are valuable indicators for pump troubles. These troubles may cause engineering accidents, increase operation costs and reduce operation efficiency. This paper applies image recognition technique based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to well pump troubleshooting via power cards.
 Firstly, we establish mathematical models both for displacements of the polished rod clamp of a pump and for loads of the polished rod during a reciprocating movement, and preset input parameters corresponding to pump trouble types and severity levels. Ideal benchmarking power cards as the media for pump troubleshooting are generated by simulating complete pumping processes via running the mathematical models with the preset pumping parameters.
 Secondly, we establish a power card classification model with the AlexNet method. Then we train it with the ideal benchmarking power cards to develop its function of pump troubleshooting and increase the classification accuracy. This model gains robustness and universality from manually presetting parameters for and full coverage of trouble types and severity levels.
 Thirdly, we train the classification model with real power cards and obtain the preliminary classification results. A further training makes it more practical and applicable to local operations of pump troubleshooting. In the further training, we localize the ideal benchmarking power cards via manual inspection and local expertiseby adjusting the preliminary classification results honoring field expertise.
 Finally, we randomly divide the localized benchmarking power cards into one training set and one testing set, and then train the classification model with the training set and then apply it to the testing set. The final classification results revealthe high accuracy and practicability of the classification model.
 It is recommended that GPU should be used for calculation with the classification model to satisfy clients' requirements for higher speeds and efficiency. It provides a feasible method to exploit the potential value of oilfield data assets.
 The work in this paper will function as a stepping stone in applying ideas, algorithms and models of artificial intelligence to more extensive and thorough aims.


Summary The wide scale deployment of Electric Vehicles, in particular Battery Electric Vehicles –BEV– is a key element to address environmental issues of transport systems. Today, public financial incentives still have a direct impact on the BEV sales. Further price reductions but also additional services that could be provided by the battery inside the vehicle will likely allow electric vehicles to become economical self-sustainable, reducing the total cost of ownership for the EV owners. This paper addresses the Smart Charging concept for residential, smoothing the BEVs integration in the grid and providing financial benefits for the driver reducing its ownership cost.


Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have proven UAVs to be an inevitable part of future networking and communications systems. While many researchers have proposed UAV-assisted solutions for improving traditional network performance by extending coverage and capacity, an in-depth study on aspects of artificial intelligence-based autonomous UAV network design has not been fully explored yet. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey of AI-based autonomous UAV networks. A careful survey was conducted of more than 100 articles on UAVs focusing on the classification of autonomous features, network resource management and planning, multiple access and routing protocols, and power control and energy efficiency for UAV networks. By reviewing and analyzing the UAV networking literature, it is found that AI-based UAVs are a technologically feasible and economically viable paradigm for cost-effectiveness in the design and deployment of such next-generation autonomous networks. Finally, this paper identifies open research problems in the emerging field of UAV networks. This study is expected to stimulate more research endeavors to build low-cost, energy-efficient, next-generation autonomous UAV networks.


The analysis of the social and communicative conditions of maturation of young children actualizes the need for them to develop a special kind of personal qualities in the course of education, formed as a result of acquiring the ability to "think mathematically". The problem of teaching a growing personality to apply mathematical content to solving a wide range of problems is considered in the context of putting forward a new paradigm of the quality of education. According to it, the effectiveness of the functioning of the education system is established in accordance with the change of educational guidelines "From knowledge, skills, skills - to functional literacy". The practical solution to the problem of improving the quality of education, considered from the perspective of the formation of functional literacy, is due to the development of positive behavioral strategies in students in various life problem situations, the resolution of which can occur in the absence of a fully deterministic solution. The current stage of development of education encourages teachers in their professional activities to proceed from the targeted development of the students of the educational system of skills that allow them to resolve emerging problem situations on the basis of the functional literacy formed in the course of conducting an initiative research search. The problem of developing such skills is relevant at all stages of the educational development of a growing personality. The readiness of preschool teachers to develop functional mathematical literacy in their pupils deserves close attention from the system of additional professional education of teachers. The phenomenon of the lack of special developments aimed at implementing the strategy of education development on the basis of the designated paradigm directs the study to the problem of developing competently oriented tasks for the formation of functional mathematical literacy in pre-school students.


It is well known that distributed source coding can improve the reliability and energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks by exploiting the correlation among sensing data. In this letter, we strengthen the benefits of such an approach by proposing a simple, general, efficient power allocation scheme for an arbitrary amount of sensors. The proposed power allocation is asymptotically optimal at high signal-to-noise ratio.


Within the past fifteen years there have appeared numerous papers, especially in foreign journals, dealing with the treatment of certain types of glaucoma with preparations of the suprarenal gland. It was early recognized that the procedure is not unattended by dangerous complications. Although more clinical investigation will be necessary to evaluate and standardize the method, it appears to be the consensus, at least of American ophthalmologists, 1 that epinephrine should be used only in certain cases as a temporary measure until operation can be safely undertaken and in cases in which operative intervention is contraindicated. Rarely may glaucoma be controlled indefinitely by epinephrine alone. Aside from the therapeutic uses of the preparations of the suprarenal gland, a further value lies in the happy combination of mydriasis with reduction in the intra-ocular tension which is produced by the stronger (2 per cent) solutions on their local instillation into


A first catalytic enantioselective intermolecular radical aminotrifluoromethylation of alkene with hydrazine and Togni's reagent by Cu(I)/CPA cooperative catalysis has been reported, accessing diversely substituted CF3-containing enantioenriched diarylmethylamines bearing an α-tertiary stereocenter with high enantioselectivity and excellent chemoselectivity. The highly asymmetric induction of C−N bond formation between hydrazine and the carbocation intermediate was achieved by using a CPA catalyst via hydrogen-bonding and ion pair interaction. Catalytic difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes, simultaneously installing two different functional groups across a double bond in a single step, is a versatile and step-economic strategy for construction of complex molecular architectures from simple and readily available alkene feedstocks.[1] In this context, transition-metal-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of alkenes has attracted considerable attention due to the unique physical and biological properties of trifluoromethyl (CF3)-containing molecules.[2] Recently, very impressive advances have been achieved in the development of transition-metal-catalyzed radicalinvolved intra-[3]/intermolecular[4] aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with different CF3-containing reagents, which enable highly efficient and selective incorporation of a CF3 group and amino/azido group into alkenes, providing an efficient access to diversely CF3-containing azaheterocycles or βtrifluoromethylamines in racemic fashion (Scheme 1a)[5]. Given the increasing importance of chiral CF3-containing molecules for the development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, it would be of high value to develop enantioselective variants. Our group has recently developed the copper/chiral phosphate as a singleelectron-transfer catalyst for the asymmetric radical-involved intramolecular aminotrifluoromethylation of N-alkenylurea with Togni's reagent[6] or CF3SO2Cl respectively, giving facile access to densely functionalized CF3-containing azaheterocycles bearing an α-tertiary stereocenter with excellent enantioselectivity (Scheme 1b). In 2019, Chen G & He G et al. succeeded in utilizing copper/BOX ligand for asymmetric intramolecular aminotrifluoromethylation of O-homoallyl benzimidates with Togni's reagent to afford chiral 1,3-oxazines with high enantioselectivity (Scheme 1c).[8] Unfortunately, despite these achievements, the catalytic enantioselective radical-involved intermolecular aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes, to the best of our knowledge, still has not been demonstrated so far. Ar N H R2 R2 O N H R3 1 O P O * O O CuIII N F3C Ar R2 R2 N O R3 H O I CF3


This essay attempts to outline a philosophical anthropology with dialogicality as its key concept. It argues that it is impossible to explicate this concept with any bias toward the ontological primacy of either the subject or the knowable object. The essay develops from the philosophy of Martin Buber who vindicated the need for subject-object binarism to be superseded by a relational ontology of human existence, that is, a space between the dialoguing "I and Thou". From this point of view, different sectors of human studies-including those involving politics or socio-political crafting of human states of affairs-must be approached according to their unique dimension. The essay's envisioning of knowledge of humans by human being beyond any subject-object dichotomy implies a new perspective of self-other relationship whereby the phenomenological notion of intentionality is apprehended in its dialogical mode.


We give a characterization of a finite-dimensional commuting square of C*-algebras with a normalized trace that produces a hyperfinite type II_1 subfactor of finite index and finite depth in terms of Morita equivalent unitary fusion categories. This type of commuting squares were studied by N. Sato, and we show that a slight generalization of his construction covers the fully general case of such commuting squares. We also give a characterization of such a commuting square that produces a given hyperfinite type II_1 subfactor of finite index and finite depth. These results also give a characterization of certain 4-tensors that appear in recent studies of matrix product operators in 2-dimensional topological order.


A patient with low back pain was found to have giant cell tumor of the ischium. After initial local radiation therapy, a hemipelvectomy was performed because of tumor progression.


Billingsley and Ranson ('18) counted the myelinated nerve fibers in the cervical sympathetic trunk and related their number to the number of cells in the superior cervical ganglion. The resulting ratio of preganglionic fibers to postganglionic cells was approximately one to thirty-two. This observation suggested the possibility that one preganglionic fiber supplies impulses to thirty-two, or more, postganglionic cells. It was the purpose of the present investigation to obtain additional evidence concerning Billingsley 's and Ranson's observation and to determine whether or not such a ratio exists in the ciliary ganglion.


Objectives To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular-tetanus toxoid(Hib-TT) conjugate vaccine.Methods In an open-controlled,randomized trial,the eligible and consented infants of 3 to 5 months-old received 3 doses of Hib-TT or a licensed Hib-TT conjugate vaccine(Anerbao) as the control vaccine to evaluate safety; The serum anti-Hib PRP IgG antibody mean geometric concentration (GMC) in both groups after primary and boosting vaccination were measured by ELISA.Results No apparent difference in the frequency of total adverse reactions observed between two groups (study vaccine 23.85% vs.comparator 31.40%) (x2=0.5,P>0.05).The mild and severe fever reaction of both vaccines was 3.67% and 4.48% respectively,with no significant difference.The local reactions including erythema,swelling and induration reported was 1.22% in study vaccine group.After 3 injections,the serum anti-Hib PRP IgG antibody GMC was 6.6686 μg/ml in study group and 7.5346 μg/ml in control group,with no significant difference in both of the antibody GMC (x2 =0.147,P=0.702).After one dose boosting injection,the serum antibody GMC in study group increased from 2.6396 μg/ml of preboosting to 6.2044 μg/ml of post-boosting.Conclusion The Hib-TT conjugate vaccine is proved to be safe in 3-5 months-old infants.The primary immune schedule for 3-5 months-old infants of 3 injections 1 month apart with the Hib-TT conjugate vaccine could induce IgG antibody response against Hib PRP with the GMC of long-term protection concentration in serum.A boosting dose after primary vaccination elicited obviously immunological memory.

Key words:
Hib-TT conjugate vaccine;  Safety;  Immunogenicity;  Anti-Hib PRP IgG;  Mean geometric concentration


Two‐photon exchange graph contributions to the ground state energy of two‐electron ions are evaluated in Furry picture QED. The natural separation of correlation effects from negative energy state effects is demonstrated. Some of these latter effects are evaluated both analytically and numerically, and shown to contribute at the level (Zα)3 a.u.


Regardless of their IQ, many students manage to overcome family difficulties, college adjustment issues, and achieve their academic goals. These type of students are described as resilient. The resilient students makes use of internal characteristics and their environment in order to cope successfully with difficulties confronted throughout life. Resilience is a growth and achievement process in which an individual gains personal strength as he manages every day difficulties. Throughout this process, internal strengths as well as psychosocial support play an important part.  Resilient students are motivated and possess a high self-esteem. They usually can count on the support of significant others. This article comments on studies that show how support networks and internal strengths have an influence on the achievement of academic goals and in the development of resilience.


This chapter presents authors' recent research on the nonreciprocal devices utilizing longitudinally magnetized ferrite coupled line (FCL) junction. The principle of operation of FCL junction is explained and the hybrid techniques of analysis are shown. Numerical and experimental results concerning the nonreciprocal devices utilizing the different configurations of FCL junctions are presented and discussed.


This paper presents the design and control of a bio-inspired legged robot with a passive toe joint. This legged robot will be utilized to study human gait and particularly pathological gaits. Hence, the leg structure is designed so that it can generate a similar gait of that of human. In addition, the parts of the legs need to be made of light materials mainly, aluminum and carbon fiber. The locomotion control of the legged robot is designed so that the overall control system with respect to the rolling motion is approximated by the Van der Pol oscillator. The controlled plant, in this case, is modeled as an inverted pendulum. Few control parameters are introduced to modulate the rolling motion and make it adaptive with the stride. The parameters of the locomotion controller can be tuned so that the closed loop system exhibits a stable limit cycle. The controller is then evaluated throughout simulation results using a full model of the biomechanical legs. To validate the simulation model, the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) method is utilized. The ZMP locations are obtained using the parameters of the full simulation model and compared with that of the measured ZMP using the ground reaction forces.


We show that most U.S. food, drugstore, and mass-merchandise chains charge nearly uniform prices across stores, despite wide variation in consumer demographics and competition. Demand estimates reveal substantial within-chain variation in price elasticities and suggest that the median chain sacrifices ${\$}$16 million of annual profit relative to a benchmark of optimal prices. In contrast, differences in average prices between chains are broadly consistent with the optimal benchmark. We discuss a range of explanations for nearly uniform pricing, highlighting managerial inertia and brand image concerns as mechanisms frequently mentioned by industry participants. Relative to our optimal benchmark, uniform pricing may significantly increase the prices paid by poorer households relative to the rich, dampen the response of prices to local economic shocks, alter the analysis of mergers in antitrust, and shift the incidence of intranational trade costs.