Professor David Kretzmer has reviewed the development of administrative law in Israel and reached the conclusion that a revolution has occurred. The revolution manifests itself in the substantial widening of the scope of judicial review over administrative acts. For example, the Supreme Court is now willing to review the legality of parliamentary proceedings. This revolution, in his opinion, reflects a change in the conception of the Court's function in this realm. In the past the Court saw itself as limited to the function of deciding controversies between two opposing parties. Today, it is as if another function has been added, and the Court perceives itself as the guardian of the rule of law. Therefore, it is likely to become actively engaged in protecting the rule of law and to invalidate a governmental decision even absent a controversy in the traditional sense. The Court acts in this manner without explaining the basis or the reason for the role that it has assumed. Thus, the question may well arise whether this revolution is legitimate. On the basis of Professor Kretzmer's comments one may ask if indeed the Court, in the struggle over the rule of law, has taken on a function not its own, and in doing so itself infringed upon the rule of law.


In this paper we investigate direct decompositions in the category QGR whose objects are n-quasigroups and morphisms are quasigroup homotopies.


The research was motivated by the problems related to the lack of student learning outcomes, their low learning outcomes was assuned releted to the low student intersest to the program study. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of student's interest to their learning outcomes in Technical subjects at SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman. The type of research was quantitative corelational. The population of the study consisted of 400 student of class X in 2011/2012 SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman. Samples were taken at 25% of the proportion of the population using proportional sampling techniques to obtain a sample of 100 students. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires Likert scale model which had been in tested for its validity and reliability. Data were analysed by of SPSS for windows version 15:00 and showed a 0,736 corelatian inside before the independent and the dependent variable. Kata kunci: hubungan, minat siswa, korelasi


High heat flux management schemes in laser diodes require appropriate cooling applications. Micro channel coolers are now widely used in high power laser diode industry with the highest total thermal resistance reported as low as 0.03 cm2-K/W with pressure drops as low as 10~50 psi. Since, the geometries, flow rates as well as high heat fluxes of current SOA LD micro-coolers differ, it is necessary to understand their thermal performance relative to conductive, convective and caloric thermal resistance. To do this comparison an equivalent effective micro-cooler thermal model is developed and then iterated with scaled input parameters from SOA LD micro-coolers. The objective is to identify the dominant thermal resistance - that plays the major role in decreasing the total thermal resistance. This paper will then predict a micro cooler that will perhaps be able to reduce total thermal resistance lower than 0.01 K-cm2/W with minimal pressure drop for next generation high heat flux applications. The current study will be restricted to only single phase liquid cooling.


Administration according to the administrative services guidelines for tertiary institutions is all of the management activities of correspondence, which is collecting (receiving), recording, processing, copying, sending and storing all the pieces of information needed by the organization. In essence, administrative administration is the activity of recording for everything that happens in an organization to be used as material for information for the leadership. Articles should be arranged by methods and systematic steps to facilitate conducting research. In this article, the writer uses the method of collecting study materials and sources of material derived from books, articles, journals and other sources relating to Administrative Administration


Lippincott's Bone and Joint Newsletter is an independent publication solely owned and published by Wolters Kluwer and has no affiliation with the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. these support walking for exercise for these patients. Lo et al. note that exercise is often touted as a treatment for OA and the American College of Rheumatology guidelines specifically mention walking as a reasonable means of obtaining such exercise. Two clinical trials that included walking as a treatment for knee OA or walking alone as an intervention support these recommendations. However, these trials were of relatively short duration. In their study, the researchers used data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal observational study of people with and without symptomatic knee OA. The researchers write that, to their knowledge, the OAI is the only cohort where walking for exercise over years is ascertained and where outcomes of knee Ms. Hoffmeister is a freelance medical writer in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania.


The measurement of the polarization resistance using AC enables the corrosion losses to be determined with certain difficulties only, Despite that the AC methods are of technical interest because they allow the determination of corrosion rate/time curves without difficulties and enable potentiel fluctuation to be easily compensated; beyond that they offer certain advantages with respect to the construction of the measuring instruments.


With the help of computer vision techniques we can solve many real life problems, gender recognition is one of them. Gender recognition is very much useful in many applications like security system, medical imaging system, forensic identification system, biometric identification system, human computer interaction system (HCI), demographic data collection, video surveillance, online audience measurement etc. In this paper we will describe how an unsupervised artificial neural network can be used to classify gender patterns. An unsupervised training network is very useful to classify the input pattern without any external interference. In this type of network we need to define a classification function by populating a large number of input patterns. Patterns sharing some common features can be classified as one pattern, hence the network must be able to identify those features in the input pattern and classify them accordingly. Here we use SOM, which is a type of artificial neural network (ANN) trained using unsupervised learning rules. KeywordsSOM, Unsupervised ANN, Gender recognition, classification function.


Multiple myeloma is a proliferative clonal disorder of plasma cells. The clinical presentation is highly variable, with recurrent infections, anemia, renal insufficiency or bone pain from osteolytic lesions as the main initial manifestations. Skin manifestations are unusual and mostly unspecific. We describe two patients with cutaneous lesions as the first sign of this hematologic malignancy: nodular deposits of amyloid in the external ear duct and diffuse plane xanthoma.


The Coffin-Lowry syndrome is an X-linked genetic disease, characterized by multiple skeletal deformities, short stature, and developmental delay, neurological disorder, cardiac disorders, renal and other disturbances. If not detected and treated early the syndrome may cause neural sensory hearing loss and progressive spine deformation.


In this study, we propose nonparametric tests using the several quantile statistics simultaneously for the right censored data. First of all, we consider statistics of the quadratic form with estimated covariance matrices. Then we derive the limiting distribution using the large sample approximation theory. Also we consider different forms of statistics such as the maximal and summing types with their limiting distributions. Then we illustrate our procedure with examples and compare performance among tests with empirical powers through a simulation study. Also we comment briefly on some interesting features including re-sampling methods as concluding remarks. Finally in Appendices, we provide proofs for the theoretic results needed for the derivation of the limiting distributions of the proposed test statistics.


The nature of Higher Education is shifting, and strategies to plan for immediate and future rapid change are becoming critical. The change is being energised by advances in technology, which has the capacity to change the way education is offered and assessed. However, it will be advocated in this article that the real driver of change is societal, including economic, social and cultural forces. As an example, changes in approaches to education have already been influenced by the rapid proliferation of technologically mediated social activity which has led to personal choice and interactive networks of contacts (Araya, 2010). Social change, and changing lifestyles have also led to the demand by students for ubiquitous, mobile learning that is mediated by technology and therefore independent of time and place. This individual empowerment has challenged the traditional, hierarchical role of the university, together with the way that learning is designed and supported. On the economic front, pressure has been exerted by the demands for a more creative approach to art, cultural works, science technology and innovation in the global economy (UNCTAD, 2010). This has placed increasing pressure on Universities to produce graduates with new attributes associated with collaboration, creativity and entrepreneurialism in a competitive climate. These social and economic pressures have served to redefine the role of the university, the academic and the student in the learning transaction.


Bill D. Bensinger is an associate in the Bankruptcy and Creditor's Rights practice group of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, P.C, in Birmingham, Alabama. Mr. Bensinger received his JD from Cumberland School of Law, Samford University and his LL.M. in Bankruptcy from St. John's University School of Law. Mr. Bensinger represents debtors, creditors and unsecured creditors' committees in Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases throughout the Southeast. As many courts have observed, a text without a context is a pretext. This statement is especially true with regard to pleading requirements under Fed. R. Civ. P. 8, in light of the Supreme Court's decisions in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal. In both of these cases the Supreme Court addressed the sufficiency of pleadings under Rule 8. Because the Supreme Court's decisions were based on interpretation of Rule 8, they govern pleadings "'in all civil actions and proceedings in the United States District courts.'" Accordingly, bankruptcy courts are now evaluating pleadings arising in or related to bankruptcy cases in light of these precedents.


The discrete Uehling-Uhlenbeck equations are solved to study the propagation of plane (sound) waves in a system of composite fermionic particles with hard-sphere interactions and the filling factor ($\nu$) being 1/2. The Uehling-Uhlenbeck collision sum, as it is highly nonlinear, is linearized firstly and then decomposed by using the plane wave assumption. We compare the dispersion relations thus obtained by the relevant Pauli-blocking parameter $B$ which describes the different-statistics particles for the quantum analog of the discrete Boltzmann system when $B$ is positive (Bose gases), zero (Boltzmann gases), and negative (Fermi Gases). We found, as the effective magnetic field being zero ($\nu$=1/2 using the composite fermion formulation), the electric and fluctuating (induced) magnetic fields effect will induce anomalous dispersion relations.


The paper presents the results of research on the influence of granulated blast furnace slag, natural pozzolana [superzeolite], and limestone powder on the performance of multi-component cements. It was found that the synergistic combination of mineral additives of different genesis, taking into account the influence of the particle size distribution [PSD] by volume and surface area, as well as the determination of indicators of the influence of physical factors such as water demand, bleeding, pozzolanic activity, the heat of hydration on the set of properties of paste and concrete: workability, standard, and early strength, global warming potential, allows to obtain technologically optimized multi-component Portland cements. The results showed that the production of multi-component Portland cement with high early strength CEM II/B-M 42.5 R-LH ensures separate grinding of individual constituents, optimization of grain composition of slag, superzeolite, and limestone powder taking into account the PSD by surface area.


Information on the genetic and agronomic relationship among the crop characters is important for the breeding programs. This study aimed at determining the relationship among grain yield, popping expansion and other agronomic characters in 19 popcorn lines evaluated in replicated trials at two locations. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between agronomic traits while multiple stepwise regression analyses was used to determine the contribution of other agronomic traits to grain yield. Results showed that plant and ear heights as well as cob length exhibited positive and significant association with grain yield. Popping volume showed negative and significant association (-0.45**) with grain yield while 100-grain mass had a negative and significant correlation (-0.37**) with popping volume. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that ear height, cob length, plant aspect and 100-grain mass contributed a total of 53.66 % to variation in grain yield, with ear height contributing the highest portion (22.51 %). Cluster analysis grouped popcorn lines into four different clusters, where 'Small Pearl Shaped' and 'Popcorn 33-1-Y' belonged to cluster II and IV, respectively, showing how divergent they are and possible utilization for hybrid formation. Improvement for popcorn should focus on identifying lines with acceptable level of popping volume and improved on their grain yield and yield attributes.


Chronic Osteomyelitis of the pubis is rare. The condition may complicate urological surgery but literature is very scarce concerning it's occurrence in the peri-partum period. The condition must be differentiated from osteitis pubis and symphyseal disastasis which can occur in the peri-partum period. Differentiation is important because the clinical symptoms are similar and the conditions can co-exist in the same patient at the same time.


winning a war. It is a formidable documentation of the character of the official mind. It throws light upon the extraordinary inefficiency of bureaucracies, even when enjoying the support of the powers of a benevolent despotism or established autocracy, and upon the beneficent r61e of the professional politician in public life. The whole official system in Britain was suffering from arterio-sclerosis. Just because his parliamentary success depended upon vitality, Mr. Lloyd George was able to put life and nerve into this war against the autocratic Goliath. Consideration of these facts would seem to indicate that democracies are, in fact, better adapted to wage successful war than dictatorships, save in their first flush of vigor. This conclusion is a highly important one for our age. These volumes not only are the memoirs of a great democrat. They do much to justify democracy as a resilient and effective system of government.


The prevalence of HPV infection in Latin America is among the highest in the world. A quadrivalent (types 6/11/16/18) human papillomavirus L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccine has been shown to be 95–100% effective in preventing HPV 6/11/16/18‐related cervical and genital disease in women naïve to vaccine HPV types. A total of 6,004 female subjects aged 9–24 were recruited from Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Peru. Subjects were randomized to immunization with intramuscular (deltoid) injections of HPV vaccine or placebo at enrollment (day 1), month 2 and month 6. Among vaccinated subjects in the per‐protocol population from Latin America, quadrivalent HPV vaccine was 92.8 and 100% effective in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and external genital lesions related to vaccine HPV types, respectively. These data support vaccination of adolescents and young adults in the region, which is expected to greatly reduce the burden of cervical and genital cancers, precancers and genital warts. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We propose a general model for joint inference in correlated natural language processing tasks when fully annotated training data is not available, and apply this model to the dual tasks of word sense disambiguation and verb subcategorization frame determination. The model uses the EM algorithm to simultaneously complete partially annotated training sets and learn a generative probabilistic model over multiple annotations. When applied to the word sense and verb subcategorization frame determination tasks, the model learns sharp joint probability distributions which correspond to linguistic intuitions about the correlations of the variables. Use of the joint model leads to error reductions over competitive independent models on these tasks.


Population dynamic of Athetis lepigone was systematically investigated by trapping with sex pheromone lure produced by Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,in Yangling,Shaanxi.The moth was found for the first time in late July.The peak emerged in mid-August during the subsequent survey.It was firstly confirmed that A.lepigone was distributed in Shaanxi.


An apparatus for cutting a substrate and a method of driving the apparatus are provided to increase depth of a crack on the substrate, thereby make it easy to cut the substrate. An air cylinder(31) to which external pressure is applied is formed in a head(41). A load cell(32) is formed at a lower part of the air cylinder and protruded down by the pressure applied to the air cylinder. A bearing(36) is located at a lower part of the load cell. A bar(35) adheres closely to a gap between the load cell and the bearing and has an axis at a right end, a left end being extended to the outside through the head. An ultrasonic oscillation part(42) included at the outside of the head generates ultrasonic waves. A vibration part(43) receives the ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic oscillation part. A vibrator(44) is formed at a lower part of the vibration part and contacted to an upper part of the left end of the bar. The vibrator operates up and down by the ultrasonic waves applied to the vibration part.


The interest of these questions is related to the study of the function PðG; kÞ expressing the probability that k randomly chosen elements generate G topologically (the probability being defined via the normalized Haar measure on G). Indeed, as proved by Mann in [9], the groups G for which mðH;GÞ and bnðGÞ are polynomially bounded in terms of jG : Hj and n respectively are precisely those for which the infinite sum X


With more and more supply and demand flows joining to the supply and demand network,accurate and effective searching strategy becomes the key technology which makes supply and demand network bring into effect.A new searching method is proposed in which using XML(extensible markup language) and RDF(resource description framework) of semantic web,the current FOAF(friendofafriend) vocabulary is extended,collaboration associates are searched in RDQL,RDF data inquiring language and an actualizing frame is set concretely.


The objective of this paper is to assess the current situation of forest seed production and conservation in Ecuador, through the analysis of documents. It is noted that there are two strategies for the conservation and/or production of seeds in the country. In situ conservation shows results from the selection of seed sources from different actors: the EcoPAr foundation selected 20 in Andean forests in the Sierra, the Municipality of Quito identified 28, while Solidaridad Internacional installed 33 in Orellana, among others. Ex situ conservation developed alternatives such as: cryopreservation, long term, medium term, in vitro and field. The National Germplasm Bank of The National Autonomous Institute of Agro-Livestock Research has 72 species with 85 accessions, the Bank of the Private Technological University de Loja has 500 species in more than 800 accessions and there are also seven botanical gardens. The efforts made and the different experiences obtained are isolated. There are limitations of constructive and technological infrastructure, human resources, as well as deficiencies in the inter-institutional coordination of inventories and management plans of the forests that have seed sources.


Centrality of chemistry to art and archaeology through instrumentation enabling chemists to measure inorganic and organic materials on the nanogram level.


The following bibliography is current through 1970 and is composed of references related to the generation, propagation and detection of sound radiation at ground level and ionospheric heigbts. The frequency range of the pressure signals considered here encompasses those normally associated with acoustic, infrasonic, acousticgravity and gravity waves. As an aid in locating references the material has been broken into a number of subject categories which are given below. Each entry is listed only under the subject that is considered to be the primary topic of the paper.


We receive the full optical field of a 176-GHz wide, 1.2-Tb/s PDM-16QAM superchannel after 960-km TWRS using a spectrally-sliced coherent receiver. Simultaneous compensation of SPM and XPM with digital backpropagation enables 1 dB of Q-factor improvement.


If a polycyclic-by-finite rank-K group Γ admits a faithful affine representation making it acting on RK properly discontinuously and with compact quotient, we say that Γ admits an affine structure. In 1977, John Milnor questioned the existence of affine structures for such groups Γ. Very recently examples have been obtained showing that, even for torsion-free, finitely generated nilpotent groups N , affine structures do not always exist. It looks natural to consider affine structures as examples of polynomial structures of degree one. We introduce the concept of a canonical type polynomial structure for polycyclic-by-finite groups. Using the algebraic framework of the Seifert Fiber Space construction and a nice cohomology vanishing theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness (up to conjugation) of canonical type polynomial structures for virtually finitely generated nilpotent groups. Applying this uniqueness to a result going back to Mal′cev, it follows that, for torsion-free, finitely generated nilpotent groups, each canonical polynomial structure is expressed in polynomials of limited degree. The minimal degree needed for obtaining a polynomial structure will determine the "affine defect number". We prove that the known counterexamples to Milnor's question have the smallest possible affine defect, i.e. affine defect number equal to one.


Qingcaosha reservoir,located in the middle of tidal estuary,is a large reservoir for storing fresh water and holding back saltwater.It has hydraulic fill dams,and is characterized by the changeable tidal flat,lack of building stones,and over-water construction.Based on the numerical simulations,physical models,and field tests,a multi-factor,multi-scale,and multi-level comprehensive technological route was proposed to study the variation of river regime,saltwater intrusion laws,structures and seepage characteristics of the hydraulic fill deep water dam,and the layout and closure of the oversize closure gap.The results of this study were used successfully to guide the construction and safe operations of reservoirs.


BACKGROUND
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the predominant RNA epigenetic modifications that modify RNAs reversibly and dynamically by "writers" (methyltransferase), "erasers" (demethylase), and "readers."

OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of m6A regulation in the great obstetrical syndromes to understand its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

METHODS
The terms "placenta or trophoblast" and "m6A or N6-methyladenosine" were searched in PubMed databases (June 2023).

RESULTS
In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of m6A in the great obstetrical syndromes such as preeclampsia (PE), spontaneous abortion (SA), hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) and fetal growth to emphasize the clinical relevance of m6A dysregulation in pregnancy. We also describe mechanisms that potentially involve the participation of m6A methylation, such as proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, macrophage polarization, and inflammation.

CONCLUSION
We summarize the recent research progress on the role of m6A modification in the great obstetrical syndromes and placental function and provide a brief perspective on its prospective applications.


Methods for aggregating the opinions of individual forecasters in order to improve the quality of probabilistic forecasts are presented. Experimental results obtained by Seaver in his study of probability judgments by groups of four people are considered. The decision variable partition model of subjective probability and a simple model of the effects of interaction on judgments were used to simulate the group judgment of discrete probabilities investigated by Seaver. The initial results of the simulation are very promising in that (1) they show the principal effects Seaver observed and (2) these effects can, for the most part, be traced to specific characteristics of the models.


The purpose of the article is to determine and summarize the effectiveness of the competitive process of qualified handball players in the games of the Ukrainian championship with the differentiation of indicators on the factor of «own» or «foreign» field. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the Internet; pedagogical observations; analysis and interpretation of indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process; ascertaining pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. The analysis of the literature data showed that the issues of differentiation of indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process of qualified handball players are insufficiently studied, further development and practical implementation require issues of correction of the training process by highly specialized means. It is established that higher indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process of qualified handball players are recorded in terms of the number of points scored, goals scored and conceded and their difference in games on «their» and «foreign» field, respectively. It is shown that the differentiation of indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process of qualified handball players on the factor of «own» or «foreign» field is the basis for the practical implementation of the existing technical and tactical potential of athletes in the competitive process. Conclusions: the effectiveness of the competitive process of qualified handball players in the games of the Ukrainian championship (Super League) with the differentiation of indicators on the factor of «own» or «foreign» field differs significantly – higher rates are recorded in games on «their» field.


Zeolite which is a fine of phosphorus-containing wastewater treatment agent will have a broad application in the field of water treatment in future.A modified 4A zeolite absorbent was prepared by natural 4A zeolite,magnesium chloride,aluminum chloride in study.The adsoebent was used to remove phosphorus from simulated phosphorus-containing wastewater.The experimental results show that the method has several advantages such as less dosing quantity of modifild zeolite,short adsorption time and good adsorption effect.


I offer a definition of strategic culture that enables students of NATO, and of international relations and security more broadly, to identify observable dimensions of strategic culture, separate them conceptually from behavior, and test their relationships with material behavior. I embed this definition in strategic culture debates and offer suggestions for scholars of multiple methodological and epistemological approaches to apply strategic culture to the study of NATO. Finally, I ask two straightforward research questions of interest to NATO scholars: is there an emerging NATO strategic culture? How do national strategic cultures affect their behavior as allies? I demonstrate how strategic culture can indeed be operationalized for empirical research addressing these two important questions.


Peter Mertens (far left) believed the scenario that Schmallenberg virus might burn itself out in one year was 'too good to be true'. Matthew Baylis (left) suggested the UK would see 'more and more cases' this year without it necessarily indicating that the virus was spreading TWO possible scenarios for the future spread of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in the UK were discussed by experts in the fields of epidemiology and vectorborne diseases at a briefing held in London on March 1. Peter Mertens, research leader on the vectorborne diseases programme at the Institute for Animal Health (IAH), explained that, since animals that had already been infected would be protected from further infection, the virus could potentially burn itself out in its distribution area. However, if the virus managed to survive the winter months – during which time there were no insect vectors to transmit it – it had the potential to reinfect the vector population and other host animals, causing another outbreak of disease. He pointed out that, if the virus was transmitted again this year, the animals on the edges of the areas that had been infected previously would be most at risk because they would not have built up immunity to it. Although infected adult animals only showed mild clinical signs, such as milk drop and diarrhoea, if they had been infected during a critical period of pregnancy, it could have serious effects on the development of the fetus. The deformed fetuses that were being seen now were 'last year's story', he said. They were all the result of infections that had occurred in 2011 during fetal development. Matthew Baylis, head of the epidemiology division at the University of Liverpool, elaborated on this critical period. 'It looks as though it's infection in sheep between weeks 4 and 8 of pregnancy and, in cattle, weeks 8 to 14 in pregnancy, that leads to those serious effects in the offspring that are born,' he said. This explained why cases were being seen now and why the rate of increase in the number of sheep farms reported as being affected was slowing, but for cattle farms it was increasing. 'This reflects the fact that the period of pregnancy in cattle is longer; it's nine months as opposed to five months in sheep, so if they're infected at the same time, we would expect the effects in cattle to be seen later,' he said. A consequence of this was that the level of infection on cattle farms could reach that of sheep farms over the coming months. 'As we move more towards spring and with heightened awareness about Schmallenberg, I think it's inevitable that we will detect more and more of this infection without it necessarily indicating that we're actually seeing spread,' he said. However, Professor Mertens pointed out that the main concern was that the virus might begin circulating again in vectors during the period when there were a high number of pregnancies in sheep and cattle. 'The lambs that are being produced now are out of the insect vector season, so they perhaps represent not so much of a risk', he said, but calves that had been infected in September to November last year would be produced in April to June, when there would be large numbers of insects. The main determinant of whether a new outbreak occurred in 2012 was the ambient temperature, he said. 'Climate, and particularly temperature, will influence whether or not the insects can transmit the virus at all,' he explained. Below 10 to 15oC, the virus would likely be inactive, but at higher temperatures, it developed faster inside the vector host. However, in his opinion, SBV was unlikely to burn itself out in one year. This scenario, he said, seemed 'too good to be true'. Professor Baylis added: 'Over the last 40 years, temperature changes in Europe, which to most of us have felt relatively small, in our model have led to quite a large increase in the risk of transmission of midge-borne viruses.' While this did not necessarily suggest that there was a role for climate change in the spread of SBV, he said that it did show that 'changing climate is making it more likely that such events will happen'.


Since deficiencies of critical nutrients and hypoxia are observed in hypovascular tumors, glycolysis alone cannot explain how cancer cells maintain their required energy levels. To study energy metabolism in cancer cells within such tumor microenvironments, we examined the NADH‐fumarate reductase system, which is found in anaerobic organisms, such as parasitic helminthes. In human cancer cells cultured under tumor microenvironment‐mimicking conditions, mitochondrial NADH‐fumarate reductase activity increased in parallel with an increase in fumarate reductase activity, which is the reverse reaction of succinate‐ubiquinone reductase and is regulated by the phosphorylation of its subunit. Pyrvinium pamoate, an anthelmintic drug, has an anticancer effect within tumor‐mimicking microenvironments. We found that one of the biological mechanisms of pyrvinium is the inhibition of the NADH‐fumarate reductase system. Therefore, the NADH‐fumarate reductase system might be important for maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism within the tumor microenvironments and might represent a novel target for anticancer therapies.


Zinc phosphide thin films were prepared by the hot wall epitaxy technique. The transport properties of films grown at different substrate temperatures from 200 to 350 °C were studied from room temperature up to 600 °C. Films were also grown in pure oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres at a pressure of 10−6 Torr, and the conductivity of the films was measured in situ. Thermoelectric measurements on films grown on mica were also done at various temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 K. Arrhenius plots of electrical conductivity yielded an electronic band gap of 1.32 eV and acceptor levels of 0.21 and 0.49 eV corresponding to interstitial phosphorus and absorbed oxygen levels, respectively. Variation of growth temperature, pressure, and nature of the gas present inside the chamber during growth are shown to result in a range of electrical resistivities and to be responsible for changes in carrier concentration. The sign of Seebeck coefficient was found to change from positive to negative at a temperature of 240 °C ...


This case report describes a patient in her 30s who was born with ichthyosis who presented with plate-like scale that covered her whole body as well as ectropion.


A bibliography of materials focusing on seroconcordance and countertransference issues is provided. The articles focus on counseling for HIV-positive individuals, chemically dependent individuals, and individuals from different cultures.


Markets and fairs played a fundamental part in the commerce of the Mediterranean region in the Roman period. But where were they held, and what commodities were sold there? Using evidence from archaeology, inscriptions, and literary sources, Dr Frayn builds up a detailed and enlivening picture of stalls and stallholders, profiteering, and price control in ancient Italy, and invites comparison with medieval and modern practices. Besides the macella, or permanent markets in towns, Dr Frayn also looks at the much more numerous nundinae, or local markets, held every eight days, and the many fairs and festivals throughout Italy where retailing took place, often associated with shrines and characterized by religious motifs. The book includes a discussion of the economic and social effects of markets and fairs, including their relation to geography, demography, and modern `central place theory'. There is also a chapter on market law, which can be traced from the ius commercii to the supervision of weights, measures, and pricing. As trade contacts widened, and merchandise grew more diverse, markets and marketing evolved with increasing complexity into a highly developed system, which in the wake of conquest came to influence larger areas of inter-regional trade.


Abstract. Nonuniform refractive index distributions in transparent mediums are of interest as it gives rise to a modification of the probe light beam passing through such mediums. Various properties of the probe beam can be used to quantify the modification happening to the probe beam. One of these properties is the deflection of the beam. This could be used to map and quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of refractive index distribution in such mediums. The deflections could be measured by imaging the deflection of structured line pattern projected through such a system. We describe the development of a compact, portable device for mapping of refractive index distributions as well measurement of the diffusion coefficient of liquid solutions. The method and device are demonstrated by the real-time display of the refractive changes as well as measurement of diffusion coefficients in diffusing binary liquid solutions.


This study represents a measurement uncertainty model for rotor vibration amplitude measuring system. The measuring system is established to provide a simple way for rotor vibration measurement and consists of a combination of different sensors. A simple data acquisition software is resolved using LabVIEW. This program enables displaying and recording the directly measured data. Type-A and type-B uncertainties are estimated in detail for measuring results. The two different types are combined to evaluate the deviation of readings resulted from several sources. The overall system accuracy for rotor vibration amplitude is derived from combining uncertainties of the two measured perpendicular vibration displacements. An error bar is provided for each reading to indicate the possible deviation with 95 % level of confidence. Uncertainty detailed calculation for rotor vibration amplitude measuring system is computed as a function of the directly measured values.


Corruption is a negative dynamic objectively existing social phenomenon, which necessitates its constant research in order to create new, change existing mechanisms for its detection, prevention and counteraction. In the process of working on a scientific article, such general scientific methods as hermeneutic and classification method were used. The hermeneutic method was used during the analysis of the etymological meaning of the term corruption and certain provisions of international legal acts, the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption". The method of classification was used in the process of dividing the concept of "corruption" into types. Among the special scientific methods logical-semantic and logical-legal were used. They allowed us to formulate the main features of corruption as a legal phenomenon.
The main features of corruption: 1) committed by a special subject of law; 2) is performed within the scope of official authority or related opportunities; 4) is committed for the purpose of obtaining illegal benefit for oneself or other persons; 5) is committed in a certain form (the legislator establishes two forms of corruption: a) acceptance of illegal benefit or acceptance of a promise / proposal of illegal benefit; b) a promise / proposal or provision of illegal benefit to a person specified in Part 1 of Art. 3 of the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption"); 6) the result is improper performance of duties. The main criteria for the division of corruption into types are the territorial feature, form of commission, duration, sphere of life, type of legal responsibility to which a person is brought for committing corruption. On a territorial basis, a distinction should be made between domestic (national) and transnational corruption, depending on the form of corruption - bribery, fraud, extortion, embezzlement (misappropriation) of public funds, clientelism, lobbying, favoritism, nepotism, state capture. In addition to these types of corruption, based on the definition of this legal phenomenon, which gives the legislator in the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption", depending on the form of corruption, the following types should be distinguished: acceptance of illegal gain; acceptance of a promise / proposal of illegal benefit. According to the time of action, a distinction should be made between one-time (one-time action) and prolonged corruption; depending on the sphere of life there is political, economic, managerial, social, legal corruption; depending on the type of legal liability there is corruption, for which the legislator provides for criminal, administrative, civil, disciplinary liability.


Gynostemium development of Genoplesium fimbriatum (Orchidaceae—Diurideae) is described and documented by means of SEM micrographs. Other Australian representatives of tribes Diurideae and Cranichideae are briefly treated. Particular attention is paid to the early stages which are essential for the correct interpretation of the gynostemium structure. It was found that gynostemium development largely conforms to that of the other Orchidaceae that have been examined in this respect. Several of the species have auricles (filament appendages) next to the anther and a shallowly or prominently three-lobed median stigma lobe in middle ontogeny which are both interesting similarities shared with tribes Orchideae and Diseae. As in the latter two tribes, the mature lateral gynostemium appendages ('column-wings') of some of the study species are of dual origin, comprising both a staminodial and an auricular element.


The construction of a harmonious socialist society that is fundamentally a development issue,the process of building a socialist harmonious society is the process of implementing the scientific concept of development.Building a harmonious society should take the scientific development concept to guide the work,persist in stating that you wish take the lead in the "good" characters,work hard to be good in the speed,sound and fast development.


With the rapid development in solar industry in recent years, the large-scale utilization of distributed photovoltaic has become a feasible solution towards carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. To further investigate the influence of photovoltaic integrating into distributed networks, the photovoltaic power generation model is built in detail and the characteristics of single-unit photovoltaic under different weather is analyzed. The characteristic Analysis of regional distributed photovoltaic is also conducted based on real-world data. The PV-load consumption factor of different users is analyzed and a practical procedure for hosting capacity analysis proposed based on different consumption factors.


Abstract Pasta is one of the most consumed foods in the world. Therefore, the development and investigation of the quality parameters of fresh gluten‐free pasta made from amaranth was the subject of this study. For this purpose, different doughs (amaranth flour: water 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10) were heat‐treated and sodium alginate (1.0 and 1.5%) was added. The pasta was produced by extrusion into a 0.1 M calcium L‐lactate pentahydrate‐containing bath. Both the dough and the pasta were examined. The doughs for its viscosity properties, water content, and color and the pasta for its firmness, color, water content, water absorption, cooking loss, and swelling index. The pasta was cooked for 5, 10, and 15 min for the cooking quality study. A higher alginate content of 1.5% and a higher proportion of amaranth flour resulted in a significant difference in color, water content, and shear‐dependent viscosity of the dough (p < .001). It was also found that both doughs with amaranth flour‐water content of 1:2 and 1:10 had significant effects on processing properties and pasta quality, especially on firmness, swelling index, and cooking loss. For the doughs with a 1:2 ratio, the high flour content resulted in very soft pasta, and for the doughs with a 1:10 ratio, the high‐water content resulted in very firm pasta with a smooth, watery surface. Overall, cooking loss, swelling index, and water absorption were low for the pasta with 1.5% alginate. Even with cooking times of 15 min, the pasta retained its shape.


The influence of drop irrigation of the condensation part on the thermosyphon operational mode was studied experimentally. The temperature and pressure fall was found in the internal space of the upper chamber after applying the liquid on the upper wall of the thermosyphon. The temperature difference along the height of vapor channel increases and the effective resistance decreases. When complete evaporation of liquid droplets from thermosyphon, it returns to the quasi-stationary mode of operation.


Curtis L Johnson, Matthew DJ McGarry, John B Weaver, Keith D Paulsen, Huan Wang, William C Olivero, Bradley P Sutton, and John G Georgiadis Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States, Surgery, University of Illinois Medical School, Urbana, IL, United States, Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States


Businesses across the European Community are waiting to capture the advantages presented by a Single Market. Logistics is one of the more fruitful leading‐edge areas in which a company can capture significant benefits. The article details how the impact of removing logistical inefficiencies will be felt throughout the manufacturing chain.


In this paper a theorem is proved : the Grassman Mode Curvature of a regular 2surface F in E 4 reaches the minimum equal to 0, in a case and only in such a case, when its mode is the sum of two curvatures, laying on 2spheres in E 4. Besides, such surfaces have zero Gauss curvature and torsion.


The study of gender issues in men is an interesting, relatively new, area of focus in depression research. It is exciting to anticipate the continued development of the gender frameworks described by Addis (2008), as they are more thoroughly investigated. Given the high comorbidity rates in depression and the wealth of research on risk factors for depression, it is important that researchers who enter this arena remember (a) not to limit their exploration of gender in men to only depression nor (b) to focus their study of risk factors for depression in men too exclusively on gender issues.


Numerical simulation of fluid-solid two-phase flows is reviewed with 105 references. There are two approaches (Lagrangian approach and Eulerian approach) typically used for modeling fluid-solid flows. The former treats the fluid phase as continuous phase and the solid phase as dispersed phase and predicts the particle trajectories in the fluid phase as the results of forces acting on particles.The latter treats the solid as a certain kind of continuum and solves two continuum equations for both fluid and solid phase. At first, as the basis of fluid-solid two-phase flow, several turbulence models, such as Reynolds Association Numerical Simulation (RANS), Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Discrete Vortex Simulation (DVS), for the continuous fluid phase are summarized,and the mechanisms of RANS are discussed in detail. In the Lagrangian approach, a particle kinetic equation is presented and the importance of each force acting on a particle is discussed. For a flow with dense particles, various interaction models between particles are discussed , among which the Distinct Element Method (DEM) newly developed from rock deformation study is particularly described, and the new method shows great predicting ability. In the Eulerian approach, the basis equations for the solid and fluid phases as well as their numerical treatments are presented. To close the turbulence and phase related equations, calculation of solid phase viscosity and pressure are discussed respectively. Finally, a k-e-k p model and model derived from kinetic theory of granular flow are especially introduced. As a complement, a discussion of one-way coupling and two-way coupling between fluid and solid phase is included. Based on the review of the advantages and disadvantages of all models, the existing problems and the future development direction of fluid-solid two phase flow are given as conclusions.


The effect of repeat oral doses of ritonavir, at high (600 mg twice daily) and low (100 mg twice daily) doses, on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of bupropion was evaluated in healthy volunteers. Subjects received a single dose of 150 mg of bupropion on day 1 and twice‐daily ritonavir from day 8 through day 30. Ritonavir was up‐titrated from 300 mg twice daily to 600 mg twice daily in the high‐dose ritonavir study, whereas subjects remained on 100 mg twice‐daily ritonavir in low‐dose ritonavir study. Subjects received a second single dose of bupropion on day 24. Serial blood samples were obtained to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its metabolites on days 1 and 24. Steady‐state ritonavir led to a decrease of area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration of bupropion by 62% to 67% in the high‐dose study and by 21 % to 22% in the low‐dose study, indicating a drug interaction of statistical and clinical significance, particularly at high doses of ritonavir. These studies demonstrate that the reduction of bupropion exposure by ritonavir is dose‐related. Dosage adjustment of bupropion may be needed when administered with ritonavir. However, the maximum recommended daily dose of bupropion should not be exceeded.


The invention discloses a system and a method for changing an applicable desktop theme of a mobile terminal according to the position of the mobile terminal, wherein the system comprises a UWB (ultra wide band) locating device and a scene server, and the inside of the mobile terminal is provided with a UWB wireless location tag; the UWB locating device obtains the identification number and current position of the mobile terminal according to received UWB pulse signals which are unceasingly sent by the UWB wireless location tag; and the mobile terminal regularly sends requests to the UWB locating device, obtains the current positions of the mobile terminal, then makes a request to the scene server for obtaining corresponding desktop themes and data according to the current positions, and finally, displays the desktop themes. In the invention, the inside of the mobile terminal is provided with the UWB wireless location tag, and the position of a user is quickly located by the UWB locating device, then an applicable theme complying with the position is automatically switched, so that the user finds a required service at the fastest speed, therefore, products are more humane, and the user experience effect is greatly enhanced.


Musical performance by an ensemble of performers often requires a conductor. This paper presents a tool to aid the study of basic conducting gestures, also known as meter- mimicking gestures, performed by beginners. It is based on the automatic detection of musical metrics and their subdivisions by analysis of hand gestures. Musical metrics are represented by visual conducting patterns performed by hands, which are tracked using an RGB-D camera. These patterns are recognized and evaluated using a probabilistic framework based on dynamic time warping (DTW). There are two main contributions in this work. Firstly, a new metric is proposed for the DTW, allowing better alignment between two gesture movements without the use of explicit maxima local points. Secondly, the time precision of the conducting gesture is extracted directly from the warping path and its accuracy is evaluated by a confidence measure. Experimental results indicate that the classification scheme represents an improvement over other existing related approaches.


The opening and Europeanization process of Albanian society could not have happened without the influence of western societies' contagions, one of which is the consumption of narcotics. In the hope that this contamination could be prevented, the Albanian Legislator enacted severe criminal sanctions, not only for cultivation, production or the dealing of narcotics, but also for the possession of small quantities for personal use. This study aims to assess whether the severe sentences provided for drug possession in Albania have managed to curb the increasing tendency of this offence, using annual statistics published by the Ministry of Justice in Albania as the basis for the study. Since this study concluded that the application of severe sentences has not achieved the intended results to reduce the use of narcotics, we believe that the time has come to thoroughly rethink the fight against drugs in Albania and especially the approach towards the consumers. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2p27


The folksonomy compared with the traditional classification and thematic approach, is a completely spontaneous by the user, which using natural language, uncontrolled information organization, easier to be accepted by public users. But on the one hand, the folksonomy due to the elimination of the strict vocabulary control and hierarchical structure has too many faults, such as fuzzy semantic retrieval accuracy and low recall rate, as well as tag the abuse of information garbage. In this paper, the author uses the ontology to standardize the folksonomy, and try to improve the effect of folksonomy for information organization and retrieval.


Background: Metastasis is the prime cause of cancer associated mortality. Lymph nodes (LNs) facilitate the systemic exposure of tumor cells, resulting in fatal systemic metastasis. Treatment of metastatic LNs is therefore imperative. However, successful treatment of metastatic LNs is challenging. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is an emerging therapy approved for several advanced malignancies. However, ICI therapy in the context of metastatic LNs remains unexplored due to the absence of reliable models and inquisition techniques. Additionally, while systemically delivered ICI therapy has delivered encouraging results, response is often erratic and mired by unwarranted side effects. To harness the benefits of ICI therapy, it is imperative to uncouple therapeutic response from off-target events. The present study sought to develop an effective intervention strategy using α-CTLA4 mAb for the treatment of metastatic LNs that addresses this unmet need. Methods: Using a murine model of LN metastasis, the therapeutic efficacy of low-dose α-CTLA4 mAb administered to different sites locally, using a novel lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) was examined. The mouse model was established using luciferase labelled cells in a recombinant inbred strain of mice exhibiting systemic lymphadenopathy (LM8-Luc cells; MXH10/Mo/lpr mice). Results: Therapeutic response was observed in mice treated by all strategies with α-CTLA4 mAb. However, response was erratic in mice administered α-CTLA4 mAb to tumor-free LN through LDDS or intraperitoneally. Strong and fairly consistent therapeutic response was observed upon local delivery of α-CTLA4 mAb through LDDS to tumor-harboring LN. Additionally, incidence of complete response, as indicated by the total-eradication of tumor by the pre-determined experimental endpoint was observed in 66.67% of mice treated by the administration of α-CTLA4 mAb to tumor-harboring LN as opposed to only 33.33% and 28.67% in mice treated by administration of α-CTLA4 mAb to the tumor-free LN or intraperitoneally. Furthermore, treatment using LDDS to tumor-bearing LN was also found to prevent metastases to liver and lung and significantly prolong survival. In stark contrast, treatment through LDDS to tumor-free LN or i.p., worsened survival as opposed to control group, likely due to the onset of immune related adverse events. In keeping with the same, body weight and spleen weights for the i.p. group, which had the worst survival amongst all the experimental groups, was found to drop. Conclusions: Administration strategy is a critical variable that affects ICI therapy associated anti-tumor response and toxicity in the context of metastatic LNs. Therapeutic response is potentiated upon delivery of α-CTLA4 mAb to tumor-harboring LN via LDDS.
 Citation Format: Radhika Mishra, Ariunbuyan Sukhbaatar, Shiro Mori, Tetsuya Kodama. CTLA4 targeted therapy using the lymphatic drug delivery system for treatment of metastatic lymph nodes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P046.


The transversality is a pedagogical phenomenon that has taken center stage in the classrooms in recent times; however, it lacks a theoretical foundation through which it can be sustained remaining in the structured discourse of teachers and in an applicability that does not go beyond a moralizing approach in terms of values. That is why it was necessary to develop a tracking of other terms that deal with the processes of linking specific contents of a degree and the mechanisms that are advanced within the classes to achieve it in order to document the process of mainstreaming from the classroom experiences.
Due to the characteristics of the topic and the connotation that it had at the social level, a methodology of qualitative ethnographic research was chosen that allowed registering experiences, feelings, impressions of the participants, unstructured observation and the collection of documentary data. Exploring the topic to be investigated in all its dimensions and finally yielding as a result the need for a clear conception, which can give a solid idea of its use; allowing locating it in a specific point, so it is not defined as an approach yet, methodology, method, strategy, among others


To improve the impermeability between the wire connecting structure of the crimping portion and an insulation coating covering the wire. Wire connecting structure (10) comprising: a core wire portion (101) is insulation crimp portion connected to the core wire portion (101) and an insulating covering (102) of the covering (102) covering the coated wire (100), having (230) terminals (200). Crimping portion (230) has a closed sectional shape surrounded by a covered electric wire (100). Crimping portion (230) in the pressure contact state, the crimping portion (230), a pair of male and female molds (300) corresponding to the boundary portion each have a projection portion (234). The projecting portion (234) is provided with at least one pressing portion (235).


This paper analyzes the contribution of Peter Haberle to the foundation and development
of European Constitutional Law. The theories of Haberle are very important
- not only for European Constitutional Law - but also for Constitutional Law in a
national and supranational context, taking into account globalization. Specifically,
Haberle�s theories have established the basis of a new methodological approach to
constitutional matters, and this new approach will have a great impact on the way
legal researchers work in the future.
«Comparative Law» as the fifth interpretation method in juridical sciences, the idea
of a «gradual evolution» of constitutional texts, and the consideration of current constitutions as a «partial constitution» in the European framework are very useful for
understanding the structure of Constitutional Law of the twenty-first century. The
idea of partial constitutions and the relationship between the different constitutional
levels play a significant role in European Law. Through those ideas, Haberle has
contributed to a new comprehension of the concept of autonomy in the European
Legal order (an autonomy which has been previously maximized to a point of almost
complete isolation). Accordingly to Haberle, there is always an open process
of interaction among the different legal orders in the European space, and this process
produces new developments at each level.
The concept of European Constitutional Common Law was a pioneer that introduced
the idea of Member States� influence on the European level. Today we can say that
European Constitutional Common Law is a part of the European Constitutional Law.
European Constitutional Law can be understood in two ways: firstly in a strict sense
in which only the Constitutional Law of the EU is considered (whatever the source
be, including European Constitutional Common Law when incorporated into the EU
level) and secondly in a broad sense in which European Constitutional Law means
Constitutional Law in the different spaces in Europe (EU, Member States and Lander,
regions or autonomous communities).
Haberle�s approach poses new methodological requirements for European Constitutional
Law at its different levels. One of these requirements is that at the Member
State level we cannot explain Constitutional Law as a national and closed system
anymore. As a second requirement it is necessary that we continue to study the EU
from a constitutional point of view, although that level is not yet completely developed.
And the final requirement is that we must focus on the relationship between
both levels, because European Constitutional Law is a dynamic discipline in which
dialectic plays a special role.


The authors reports the fabrication of a flip-chip InGaAsP-InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiode using gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The incident light reaches the InGaAs photoabsorption layer through the InP substrate and an InGaAsP-InAlAs superlattice multiplication region which are transparent for wavelengths of 1.55 and 1.3 mu m. The light reflection by the electrode enables the absorption layer to be as thin as 0.8 mu m without significantly reducing the quantum efficiency. A maximum bandwidth of 17 GHz was obtained at a low multiplication factor because the transit time through the absorption layer is reduced. >


Electron concentration and on-site interaction effects for spin and charge excitations in the two-dimensional Hubbard model are investigated. Using the auxiliary boson approach, which takes into account the spin and charge fluctuation effects, we derive an effective model which reproduces qualitatively well electronic states for the weak- and intermediate-coupling Hubbard models. The spin response function shows drastic changes as a function of the interaction and of the electron concentration. For the intermediate coupling regime, the Stoner enhancement around $\mathbf{q}=(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$ and the spin-density-wave-like collective mode are obtained. In contrast, the charge response function does not have any specific structure for this interaction range. Finally, the electron concentration dependence of the zero sound velocity is discussed for the weak-coupling regime. The zero sound mode is shown to have a specific doping dependence that is associated with the existence of a hopping in the lattice.


A strain gauge device has been developed that allows determining the change in the distance between the spokes of an external fixation device emerging from opposing bone fragments when the axial load on the injured limb is gradually increased in steps of 10 kgf (Figure 1). At the same time, the control of stiffness of fixation of fragments can be carried out throughout the period of fixation of bone fragments. Strain gauge and clamp to determine changes in the distance between the spokes of the Ilizarov apparatus. Surveyed 2 groups of patients with closed diaphyseal fractures of the bones of the leg, treated according to the method of AI Ilizarov. Patients of the 1st group (156 patients aged from 17 to 63 years old were treated in the hospital of the clinic. The 2nd  group included their peers (64 people, 20-76 years old) with the same pathology, who passed after a period of inpatient treatment for 10-14 days further treatment on an outpatient basis. Patients of the 3rd group (38 patients) who received outpatient treatment had diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. In patients of the 4th group (25 patients aged from 3 to 36 years), Ilizarov elongation of a lagging tibia was averaged by 4.5 ± 0.5 cm.


This paper studies the rules of punching deformation trend by analysing the theory of punching deformation area through typical examples and puts the theory into forging production to distinguish strictly the deformed area from non_deformed area. By adopting effective production process, particular work pieces can be produced.


Context-awareness has gained an increasing popularity in ubiquitous computing environments as it allows automatic adaptation of protocols behavior according to context changes. Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), deployed as a main appliance to gather contextual information, can benefit from their own context data. In such scarce resource networks, the concept of context-awareness can be exploited either to optimize resource usage or to enhance the functional behavior of operating protocols. In this paper, we investigate the benefits brought by the concept of context-awareness when exploited in duty-cycled networks, since WSNs rely mainly on power saving mode in order to prolong the lifetime of sensor nodes. We focus mainly on the broadcast operation required for data collection and routing task. To quantify these improvements, we propose a comparative study relying on our ECAB protocol, using context-awareness jointly with a duty cycle mechanism to assure an efficient multi-hop broadcasting. To this end, we compare ECAB against protocols operating without context-awareness. Results show the effectiveness of this concept to improve network performances related to energy consumption, latency and packet delivery.


The decision to re-print Wade's seminal work on Governing the Market in 2004 may strike some as strange. After all, the past decade has been one of massive uncertainty for East Asia in general and Taiwan in particular. Democratization, the Asian financial crisis, China's explosive growth, the ungraceful end of the Kuomintang's (KMT, 國民黨 ) fifty-year reign, and, most recently, the fiercely contested 2004 presidential election are just a few of the momentous changes thrust upon the Taiwanese in recent years. In light of such dramatic upheaval, one might rightly question the relevance of Wade's work today. Is "governing the market" (GTM) possible—or even desirable—in times of such political and economic uncertainty? This is the question that exercised our minds during our most recent visit to Taiwan to see first-hand how policymakers were responding to their rapidly changing environment. Old habits die hard, but when faced with such tumultuous economic and political change, how was Taiwan's "habit" of governing the market faring? We could envision three alternative scenarios:


This paper proposes a transformerless multilevel NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems, applying the concept of high power density, using Gallium Nitride power transistors and employing interleaving strategy for reducing the weight/volume of the passive filter elements. It also presented an equivalent circuit, it is possible to study the issue of ripple in output current, circulating current and inductor current. Are shown results of theoretical analysis as well as simulation results for power 1kW.


On May 21st, 2003, the north Algeria was stricken by a 6.8 magnitude earthquake which was felt over a distance of 250 km from the epicenter, which is localized in Mediterranean Sea at 10 km from the coast. During this event, several ground accelerations were recorded by the instrumentation network of the National Center of Applied Research in Earthquake Engineering (CGS). The records analysis revealed an important difference in peak ground acceleration (PGA) between two close stations (0.58g and 0.33g, respectively, in East-West direction) at about 20 km from the earthquake epicenter. Also, two other record stations, located in the Mitidja basin, at about 29 km and 86 km from the earthquake epicenter, respectively, showed a high level of acceleration: PGAs of 0.54g and 0.16g. So, the authors attempt in this paper to analyze these records through the characteristics of strong ground motions, the effects of different parameters such as damping ratios, soil conditions and epicentral distance on normalized response spectra. Also, the quantification of site effects during this earthquake is analyzed. Then, the authors compare the near-field mean response spectra obtained during this earthquake with the Algerian seismic design spectra (RPA99 – 2003 version) and with two other well-known design spectra: Eurocode 8 and UBC97 in order to contribute to the future revision of RPA99.


A container assembly such as a petri dish or a contact plate for use as a sampling device for microorganisms includes a base member, a lid and a locking mechanism that provides a secure locking engagement between the lid and the base member. The locking mechanism is designed such that does not lock except upon application of a specific intentionally applied compressive force, and which may be readily disengaged from locking engagement without the need for a rotational movement or torsional force.


On 6 January 2021, supporters of Donald Trump after a Trump rally stormed the Capitol. This article asks: How Did Donald Trump incite a coup attempt? The presented research analyses parts of a dataset consisting of Trump's most recent 8,736 tweets as well as Trump's speech given at the rally that preceded the storming of the Capitol.The article shows how Trump's speech and use of Twitter triggered violence and that the coup was the consequence of a long chain of events that unfolded as a consequence of Trump's authoritarian ideology, personality, and practices.


The present study examined the Northern Shutter Ridge (NSR) that developed along the south eastern segment of the Yagur fault, which extends between Yoqneam and Jalame. This shutter ridge represents a left lateral strike slip movement of about 100 m. An additional 400-500 m left lateral displacement can be deduced from the offset of the first order streams that drain towards it. The alluvial-colluvial sequence, which accumulated between the shutter ridge and the north-eastern slope of Mt. Carmel, was trenched to a depth of 7-8 m (its base was not exposed). This sequence, which dated between 200 ka and 100 ka, overlies a hard well cemented gravel unit that paves the trench bottom and the nearby Carmel slope. It is assumed that this gravel unit was deposited on the bottom of a channel that flowed along the rock barrier to the north. A change in the depositional environments triggered a slow accumulation of colluvial-alluvial clay-rich sediments beyond the shutter ridge. The slow accumulation process was interrupted by sporadic debris flow events that transported coarse gravel from remote slopes to the small dammed basin. There is no evidence for young deformation in the sedimentary fill of the small basin, however, the lithological nature of this clay-rich sediment can prevent the preservation of any sedimentary or tectonic structure. We conclude that the shutter ridge developed during the end of the Middle Pleistocene or the early late Pleistocene and gradually filled during the late Pleistocene, until the rock barrier was breached. The results of the present study were combined with additional data obtained from previous studies carried out along the Yagur fault to conclude that it was continuously active throughout the late Pleistocene. Circumstantial evidence for Holocene activity were found so far only in the Southern Shutter Ridge, but it must be noted that most of the Holocene sequence along the fault trace is disturbed by anthropologic activity and therefore, if there was evidence for young activity it was probably obliterated. Based on general geological consideration as well as new data obtained from paleoseismic and other studies, we recommend treating the Yagur fault as an active fault.


Commercialization of new university technology within the new product development process is an important tool by which established firms can expand their innovative capabilities. The competitive advantage afforded by new university technologies, however, varies considerably. An exclusivity agreement is a useful tool to protect the firm's investment and help ensure that value is appropriated through the commercialization process. An empirical study of 66 technology transfer projects in the information and communications technology industry reveals that when the firm's perception of competitive advantage afforded by the new technology is high, the licensing transaction is usually secured by some form of exclusivity agreement.


General and diophantine de nability in number rings and their polynomial rings are studied from a model-theoretic point of view. The main tool used is a modern form of the Theorem of Beth. For a ring R we consider the monoid EndR(R ) of all embeddings of a nonstandard enlargement R in itself which x the standard elements. If R is a number ring or any eld, the application of natural restriction ResR from EndR[T ](R[T ] ) to EndR(R ) is a well de ned homomorphism of monoids. We give connections between the diophantine de nability of the integers Z in a number ring R, a phenomenon of transfer of de nability from the polynomial ring R[T ] to the ring R, and properties of the homomorphism ResR . In the case of the ring Z itself we get as a byproduct that the restriction ResZ : EndZ[T ](Z[T ] ) ~ ! EndZ(Z ) is an isomorphism of monoids, fact which is equivalent with the combination of two well known theorems of Y. Matiyasevich and J. Denef. We prove similar isomorphisms for some rings of algebraic integers. We believe that this is a property of all rings of algebraic integers. Abstract In dieser Arbeit werden Fragen der allgemeinen und der diophanischen De nierbarkeit in Zahlringen und in den entsprechenden Polynomringen untersucht. Als wesentliches Werkzeug verwenden wir hierzu eine moderne Version des Bethschen De nierbarkeitssatzes. F ur einen Ring R, betrachten wir den Monoid EndR(R ) aller Einbettungen der Nonstandard-Erweiterung R in sich selbst, die die Standard-Elemente festhalten. Ist R ein Zahlring oder ein Korper, so ist die nat urliche Restriktionsabbildung ResR von EndR[T ](R[T ] ) auf EndR(R ) ein wohlde nierter Homomorphismus von Monoiden. Unsere Aussagen betre en Verbindungen zwischen der diophantischen De nierbarkeit des Ringes der ganzen Zahlen Z in einem ZahlringR, der  Ubertragung der De nierbarkeit von R[T ] auf R, und Eigenschaften der Restriktionsabbildung ResR . In dem Fall des Ringes Z selbst bekommen wir als Nebenergebnis da die Restriktionsabbildung ResZ : EndZ[T ](Z[T ] ) ~ ! EndZ(Z ) ein Isomorphismus von Monoiden ist. Diese Tatsache ist inhaltlich mit der Zusammenfassung zweier bekannten Satze von Y. Matiyasevich und J. Denef gleichbedeutend. Wir beweisen, da annliche Satze f ur manchen Ringe ganzer algebraischer Zahlen gelten, und vermuten, da jeder Ring ganzer algebraischer Zahlen diese Eigenschaft hat. Motto \According to a Beth's theorem it is not necessary to write out a de nition to prove that some given relation is de nable, but until now this promissing method has never begun to be applied." Patrick Cegielski, Yuri Matiyasevich, Denis Richard Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 61, nr.2, June 1996


A modified modular dual-input dc–dc step-up converter along with a battery charging/discharging bidirectional converter that is suitable for telecom load applications is proposed in this article. The proposed converter has two individual input modules with the three-leg semiactive rectifier connected in parallel at secondary side for achieving constant voltage across the load with reduced circulating power. This results in an advantage of having compact structure with reduced number of components. The proposed converter works under a zero-voltage switching condition, it has favorable advantage such as low switching losses and high efficiency of the system. The complete design and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter utilizing field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital control strategy have been investigated in this article. A scaled down laboratory prototype of 1 kW has been developed and the robustness of the proposed converter is validated by extensive test results under variable input voltage and load conditions.


LOCKE ON 'TABULA RASA' In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke argues that all ideas are derived from sense experience. The mind is a 'tabula rasa', empty at birth. He begins his argument by attacking the opposite view – that some ideas are not derived from sense experience, but are 'innate'. By 'innate idea', Locke means a concept or proposition which is part of the mind from birth. For an idea to be part of the mind, the mind (the person) must know or be conscious of it:


Objective To investigate the efficacy and complications of LEEP combined with Aoping interferon Suppository treatment of cervical erosion.Methods 120 patients were randomly divided into two groups,control groups operated for LEEP in the seventh days after menstrual clean,the treatment group therapy based on preoperative suppository added after antiviral therapy,clinical efficacy were observed after the operation.Results Compared with the control group,observation group with suppository antiviral therapy can significantly shorten the healing time (p0.001),vaginal fluid duration (p0.001); operation site scab off time (p0.02); increase in the first 12 weeks of wound cure rate (p0.05),reduction of complications (p0.05).Conclusion LEEP combined with interferon can significantly reduce postoperative recovery time,this method should be applied in clinical practice.


The rule of single bargaining unit have been introduced to the Korea labor laws in company with the multiple labor union system in a workplace for the collective bargaining. First of all, this examined whether the rule is constitutional or not in the aspect of the legal system. The second, the purpose of the rule is to stabilize the labor relations and to establish the unified working conditions in a workplace. The purpose can be found out in the legislative history of labor laws. The third, even if the Labor Union Act has been amended to introduce the single bargaining unit rule, the labor unions, subject to the Act, hold on the capacity to enter into the collective bargaining agreement except in the multiple unions at a workplace requiring the status of the representative union at the workplace. The fourth, the representative union status could be achieved with gaining the majority of employees in the workplace by the delegations and attending the joint representative body for a collective bargaining. The fifth, it should be determined, under the purpose of the single bargaining unit rule, whether a bargaining unit could be separated depends on the interchange of personnel in the units. The sixth, the duty of fair representation should not be limited in establishing the terms of a collective agreement but extended to the bargaining process and the implementation of the collective agreement.


Simple Summary We studied the effect of elevated temperatures by creating an artificial stratification of water resembling a biotope, e.g., a lake, including natural biotic factors in the water column. Elevated temperatures caused changes in biotic factors and abiotic gradients. As a result of these changes, the foraging of planktivorous fish on small-sized zooplankton increased. The small size of zooplankton resulting from the changes in gradients was mainly due to the improved adaptation of small organisms to decreased oxygen and food availability. The smaller size also decreased the visibility of the prey to the predator. Abstract It is still to be confirmed whether global warming with its predicted elevated water temperature will cause an increase in predation and alter phenological and physiological processes leading to changes in the size of aquatic organisms. In an experimental system of water column stratification simulating a natural combination of field conditions, we created artificial abiotic factors that mimicked the natural environment, i.e., light intensity, oxygen conditions, and thermal stratification. Subsequently, we added biotic factors such as algae, Daphnia, and planktivorous fish. We studied the intensity of foraging of planktivorous fish on individuals of Daphnia per min in different conditions of biotic and abiotic gradients. We demonstrated a possible scenario involving the risk of elimination of large prey within macrocladocera communities by predatory pressure as a result of climate change. A higher intensity of foraging of planktivorous fish caused or increased the occurrence of larger groups of planktonic animals with a smaller body size. The mechanisms of a future scenario were discovered at a higher trophic level in the aquatic environment.


This article is about the Augmented Reality technology itself and its current implementations. In the first part of the article the authors give a short historical reference to the origins of the name "augmented reality", by whom it was introduced and what it means. Later in the article two major approaches to building AR are described. The first one is based on the usage of a marker, and the second one is marker-free. The first approach is examined in detail. In order to analyze video stream and recognize known objects in it, algorithms of the Computer Vision are used. The authors give a short description and the main characteristics only of two of them: genetic algorithms and feature detection & description. For a programmatic implementation of those algorithms one can use special libraries like OpenCV and AForge.NET, also mentioned in the article. Both of them give vast functional capabilities in image processing and object recognition. At the end of the article is given an example of creating AR using the OpenCV library. Main attention is payed to the problem of making projection of a 3D model on the marker's plane. This example can be used as the foundation for a custom AR framework.


Dealing with the actual problems of hard to find more natural resources, a new concept of oil geologic anomaly is brought forward in this article. Oil geologic anomalies include four types which are sedimentary anomaly, tectonic anomaly, geochemistry anomaly, strata pressure anomaly. Their distributing ranges may be separated to four ranks that include region-oil geologic anomaly, enclose-oil geologic anomaly, minitype-oil geologic anomaly, microscope-oil geologic anomaly. The method of studying on nontraditional oil geologic anomaly is also summarized.


The utility model relates to prefabricated and cast-in-situ mixed dual binding beams, which is characterized in that there are two binding beams, one is a prefabricated binding beam and the other is a cast-in-situ binding beam; the cast-in-situ binding beam is located on the top face of the prefabricated binding beam and the lower surface of the cast-in-situ binding beam is adhered on the upper surface of the prefabricated binding beam. In construction, the upper surface of the prefabricated binding beam is as a bottom formwork for the cast-in-situ binding beam; the binding beam with a large section is divided into two parts so as to reduce the binding beam rigidity and decrease the destroying probability of the binding beam under the earthquake load; the upper surface of the prefabricated binding beam is as the bottom formwork for the cast-in-situ binding beam so as to facilitate to construction and improve the operation efficiency.


Hermes collected a wealth of data using the 27.6 GeV polarized Hera lepton beam and various pure, polarized and unpolarized, gaseous targets. This unique data set opens the door to various measurements sensi- tive to the multi-dimensional structure of the nucleon. Among them are two-hadron production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized target, providing access to different transverse-momentum- dependent distribution and fragmentation functions in a way complementary to single-hadron production. Also transverse-target single-spin asymmetries in inclusive electroproduction of charged pions and kaons have been recently extracted, complementing data from proton-proton collisions, where large, so far unexplained, asym- metries have been observed. From inclusive measurements on various nuclear targets, the Λ polarization is extracted, also here complementing measurements in proton-proton collisions.


During pregnancy, there will be various changes in the mother, both physiologically and psychologically. These changes are largely due to the influence of hormones, namely the increase in the hormones estrogen and progesterone produced by the corpus luteum which develops into the corpus gravidity and continues its secretion by the placenta after it is fully formed. This causes the mother to feel uncomfortable during pregnancy and triggers stress, which is a sign that the mother is often gloomy. Pregnancy exercise is a form of physical activity that is beneficial because it develops body muscles, increases the elasticity of the pelvic muscles and ligaments and reduces the incidence of bleeding during and after childbirth and can reduce the incidence of fetal distress. Target Output The results of this educational activity on knowledge of physiological changes in pregnant women will also be published in the form of a national scientific journal so that it can be accessed by the public. This community service activity is carried out at the Putri Puskesmas Au Kota Jambi. Implementation time in January 2020. The target in this activity is pregnant women in the third trimester in the work area of the Putri Ayu Community Health Center, Jambi City. The results obtained are that pregnant women are able to understand the benefits of pregnancy exercise. It is recommended that pregnant women participate more frequently in activities that provide knowledge for mothers by attending other health education programs so that they can increase their knowledge


Formaldehyde is regarded as the major indoor air pollutant. Because of harmful effect on human health, its emission abatement is of significant practical interest. We report here excellent low-temperature catalytic performances of mesoporous MnOx-CeO2 catalysts in the process of formaldehyde oxidation. These MnOx-CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by a "nanocasting" method using SBA-15 as hard template. TEM images showed that the as-fabricated MnOx-CeO2 composites possess well-ordered mesoporous architectures. Results of catalytic tests revealed that mesoporous MnOx-CeO2 nanocomposites have excellent low-temperature catalytic activity for formaldehyde oxidation, the temperature for 100% formaldehyde conversion can be as low as 65°C over these noble-metal-free mesoporous catalysts. The excellent catalytic performance is attributed to their ordered mesoporous structures that expose abundant active sites to formaldehyde molecules.


BACKGROUND
Low-dose rocuronium (ROC) might improve safety during volunteer surgery abroad (VSA) by facilitating intubation with a lower halothane concentration than is typically used. We hypothesized that 0.25 mg.kg(-1) of ROC would improve intubation conditions during 3% halothane induction and still allow for rapid return to spontaneous ventilation (SV).

METHODS
During Operation Smile's 2002 mission to Honduras, patients aged 3 months-11 years were randomized to receive ROC 0.25 mg.kg(-1) (n = 19), or placebo (n = 23). Induction was with 3% halothane in 100% O(2), with ventilation assisted and controlled when possible, and normocarbia maintained. An i.v. was placed after induction, and ROC or placebo given. Direct laryngoscopy (DL) was performed 3 min later by a blinded laryngoscopist who assessed conditions according to predetermined criteria.

RESULTS
Adequate intubation conditions occurred in 89 and 87% of patients (P = 0.59), and mean times from DL until the return to SV were 9.8 and 4.3 min (P = 0.003), in the ROC and placebo groups, respectively. For the placebo group, the presence of SV at DL was predictive of inadequate intubation conditions (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS
When administering 3% halothane for induction of VSA patients, a high frequency of adequate intubation conditions can be achieved without a relaxant, rendering the known benefits of 0.25 mg.kg(-1) of ROC unapparent. ROC 0.25 mg.kg(-1) does allow rapid return to SV.


Background In the field of forensic medicine, it is very difficult to know prior to autopsy what kind of virus has infected a body. Objective We assessed the potential of the genome profiling (GP) method, which was developed in the field of bioengineering, to identify viruses belonging to one species. Method Two species in the same family, JC and BK viruses, were used in this study. Using plasmid samples, we compared the findings of molecular phylogenetic analysis using conventional genome sequencing with the results of cluster analysis using the random PCR-based GP method and discussed whether the GP method can be used to determine viral species. Results It was possible to distinguish these two different viral species. In addition to this, in our trial we could also detect the JC virus from a clinical sample. Conclusion This method does not require special reagent sets for each viral species. Though our findings are still in the trial period, the GP method may be a simple, easy, and economical tool to detect viral species in the near future.


The allochthonous microbiota in the proximal and distal intestine was investigated in three groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed a commercial diet and intraperitoneally injected with (a) phosphate-buffered saline (control), (b) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the fish pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida, and (c) laminaran [β-(1,3)- d-glucan]. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the hyper variable V3 region was used to present the microbiota in different experimental groups. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of excised DGGE bands suggested that an intraperitoneal injection of LPS from A. salmonicida affects the allochthonous gut bacteria of Atlantic salmon to some extent, as Aeromonas enteropelogenes, Aeromonas veroni, Psychrobacter, Lactobacillus letvazi, Lactobacillus satsumensis, Pantoea, swine manure bacterium and several uncultured bacteria were unique for this group. On the other hand, the bacterial diversity of the allochthonous microbiota did not seem to be affected by injection of β-(1,3)- d-glucan. Sequences of this experimental group were most closely related to A. enteropelogenes, uncultured Escherichia and Lactobacillus aviarius ssp. aviarius.


We consider spinless electrons in two dimensions with the bare spectrum $\epsilon({\bf p})=|p_x|+|p_y|$. In momentum space, the interactions among electrons have a finite range $q_0$, which is small compared to the Fermi momentum. A golden rule calculation of the electron lifetime indicates a breakdown of the Landau Fermi liquid in the model. At the one-loop level of perturbation theory, we show that the density wave and the superconducting instabilities cancel each other and there is no symmetry breaking. We solve the model via bosonization; the excitation spectrum is found to consist of gapless bosonic modes as in a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid.


The goal of quality education is to cultivate students from the elementary and necessary contents of education so as to promote the healthy development of students.For over 20 years this issue has been under discussion and exploration all over the country.On the whole,however,there is a great deal of difficulties in conducting it.Traditional education view,various family education, different education conditions,ideological and ethical standards and the teachers' quality all restrict quality education.Reconsidering the current implementation process of quality education,we should achieve unity in understanding quality education and treat existing problems rationally so as to promote the harmonious union of theory exploration and practical performance and to continuously pursue the approaches of quality education which are suitable for our national situations.


Problems related to the adaptation of the new normal to the low learning interest of New Normal students is a new life where people continue to carry out various activities as usual but still apply the health protocols that have been set by the government so that the spread of the Covid 19 Virus can be overcome. In contrast, if people ignore health protocols, the implementation of the new standard will cause the number of Covid-19 cases to increase. The new normal's performance impacts the world of education, where students are currently studying at home by implementing the online learning process. This study aimed to determine the influence and level of adaptation of the new normal to the low interest in student learning at SMAN 2 Lambu, Bima Regency. The research approach used is quantitative. This research is located at SMAN 2 Lambu, Bima Regency. The research variable used is the new normal adaptation as an influence variable (X), while student interest in learning is an affected variable (Y). The research population is 206 students. The sample used was 103 students. The research subjects were students of classes X and XI. The research time is two (2) months, from June to July 2022. Data collection using a questionnaire or questionnaire. The data analysis technique used a simple linear regression formula and the determinant test. The results of this study indicate that based on the analysis of simple linear regression equations with a value of = 1830679 + 2281873 X = 2464940, while the value of Ftable is 3.94, therefore there is an effect of adapting the new normal as the X variable to the low interest in student learning as the Y variable in SMAN 2 Lambu, Bima Regency. The level of influence in the two research variables is 86.5%, while other variables determine 13.5%.


Four early life events (i.e., hatching, the ontogenetic diet shift to piscivory, fall lipid accumulation, and the first winter) are conceptualized as being critical to 1st-yr recruitment success of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) via cause-and-effect as- sociations among them. Toward this end, we conducted a multiple life-stage investigation of largemouth bass to examine the functional dependency and significance to recruitment of these temporally separated early life events. Specifically, we quantified growth and survival of two largemouth bass year-classes in six Alabama ponds from hatching to the end of the first winter. The first winter was an important survival bottleneck with lower largemouth bass sur- vival in ponds with smaller largemouth bass (high-density ponds), relative to ponds with larger fish (low-density ponds). While cannibalism was not important, we found size- dependent first-winter mortality to be regulated directly by lipid reserves (i.e., triglycerides) accumulated during fall, and indirectly by both hatch date and the ontogenetic diet shift to piscivory during summer. Early-hatched largemouth bass attained an initial length ad- vantage, remaining large relative to late-hatched fish, despite the relatively higher growith rate of late-hatched fish during their first month of life. Enhanced size permitted early- hatched fish to become piscivorous before late-hatched fish, increasing their access to fish prey (i.e., sunfishes) during fall. This in turn elevated their fall lipid accumulation and winter survival above that of late-hatched fish. Our results indeed suggest that 1st-yr re- cruitment of largemouth bass in southern systems is governed by several functionally dependent critical events. Because each is likely vital to understanding recruitment vari- ability, we suggest that future recruitment studies should adopt a more synthetic (i.e., multiple life-stage) approach.


Learning the intrinsic low-dimensional subspace from high-dimensional data is a key step for many social systems of artificial intelligence. In practical scenarios, the observed data are usually corrupted by many types of noise, which brings a great challenge for social systems to analyze data. As a commonly utilized subspace learning technique, robust low-rank matrix factorization (LRMF) focuses on recovering the underlying subspaces in a noisy environment. However, most of the existing approaches simply assume that the noise contaminating the data is independent identically distributed (i.i.d.), such as Gaussian and Laplacian noises. This assumption, though greatly simplifies the underlying learning problem, may not hold for more complex non-i.i.d. noise widely existed in social systems. In this work, we suggest a robust LRMF approach to deal with various types of noise in a unified manner. Different from traditional algorithms, noise in our framework is modeled using an independent and piecewise identically distributed (i.p.i.d.) source, which employs a collection of distributions, instead of a single one to characterize the statistical behavior of the underlying noise. Assisted by the generic noise model, we then design a robust LRMF algorithm under the information-theoretic learning (ITL) framework through a new minimization criterion. By adopting the half-quadratic optimization paradigm, we further deliver an optimization strategy for our proposed method. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data are provided to demonstrate the superiority of our proposed scheme.