The Reviews and Abstracts section of the Journal has, like Topsy, 'growed and growed', and is occupying an ever increasing proportion of the available space. The editorial team has received many favourable comments from readers regarding this part of the journal and we are grateful to those who took the trouble to express their views. In this issue, readers will find that the web page address for the English language journals that we have been scanning since 1996 is given, together with the editor's thoughts regarding the facility with which the pages can be accessed. The contents of the web-page now form the basis for this issue's (and our previous issue) current awareness section. From the start of Volume 28 (2001) only the web page address for these journals will be given, and it is hoped that readers will 'book-mark' these on their PC and follow-up the journals as they wish. We will continue to publish the contents of the foreign language journals' and the Australian Orthodontic Journal as and when we receive copy, and will continue the occasional reviews from other journals—at least until the editorial team changes later in 2001. The new team will obviously make its own decisions on structure and content of the journal. Book and software reviews will continue as usual, as will publication of the UTG abstracts from the British Orthodontic Conference.


Rose apple (Syzygium agueum Alston) cv. Thabthim-Jan is an economic fruit of Thailand. It generates large income for producers. The fruit has a red shiny peel, is sweet to taste (total soluble solid is 9-14 brix s ), and it is large and expensive. However, rose apple fruit has a fragile peel structure, loses water and deteriorates very rapidly because of a high respiration and production of high amount of ethylene. We studied effect of 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, on quality changes of rose apple cv. Thabthim-Jan. We fumigated the fruit with 1,000 nl/l 1-MCP for 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 hours before storage at 15 85% relative humidity. 1-MCP at the rate of 1,000 nl/l for 12 hours reduced weight loss after 12 days of storage from 13.5% in control fruit to 5.2% in treated fruit. Similarly, the amount of disease was reduced from 89% in control fruit to 39% in treated fruit. As ethylene stimulated respiration and ripening, reduction amount of ethylene was, therefore, resulting in less weight loss and disease incidence.


Abstract This work critically assesses the storage, or hydrological methods of flood routing, focusing on the Muskingum and Kalinin-Miljukov methods. The common hydraulic basis of these methods and their inter-relationships are established, emphasising hydraulic derivations of the Muskingum method's weighting coefficient. Important characteristics of the routing scheme are highlighted, especially the scheme's affinity to the pseudo-viscosity method of shock computation; the flow-dependence (nonlinearity) of routing parameters is analysed, as are mass balance errors. Options in calculating depths and in handling lateral flows are presented. Storage routing models are shown to be instances of a numerically equivalent convection—diffusion equation or kinematic wave-derived convection—diffusion routing model that is also able to relate depth and discharge at-a-section via loop-shaped rating curves; the consequences of ignoring the rating curves' transience are pointed out. System analytic parameter estimations are summarised, a routing option with direct use of the diffusion wave system response function (SRF) is reviewed, the selection of routing reaches based on the river morphology is discussed, and the extension of storage-type routing to mass transport simulation is indicated.


Final Report to: National Park Service Apostle Island National Lakeshore (APIS) and
Great Lakes Network (GLKN) Inventory and Monitoring Program


Abstract This study examines the impact of employees' perceptions of information privacy on their affective commitment to work organizations. Based on a survey of 320 Chinese employees, the findings suggest that, for information privacy, perceptions of information handling control and of legitimacy of organizational information practices positively relate with affective commitment. The relationship between perception of information handling control and affective commitment is only significant, however, for employees identifying weakly with collectivism and is stronger for male than for female employees. The relationship between perception of legitimacy of organizational information practices and affective commitment is only salient for female employees. The implications of these findings for organizational and legal polices are discussed.


The aim of this paper is to propose a composite material based on compounds of LaFeCoSi operated in temperature range 275-315K. The composite material was designed according to the optimum composite fractions, which were determined numerically. A force of approximately 100 kN was applied to the assemblies of the composite elements to obtain a homogeneous disk. A direct measurement of the adiabatic temperature change under magnetic field of 2T has been carried out by the test bench built at Heig-VD. The comparison results between the numerical prediction and experimental of the magnetocaloric effect has been presented and discussed to validate the proposed model.


Multi-finger microwave power GeSi HBT were designed and fabricated.The current handling capability was studied through testing the emitter current densities.Experimental results show that the emitter current linear density of unit perimeter(I0)varies from 1.67 to 1.06 A/cm for GeSi HBT with 20 to 80 emitter fingers.As the emitter fingers increasing,I0 reduces which result from non-uniform temperatures profile on emitters led by thermal coupling among emitter-fingers.The results benchmarks the GeSi HBT could obtain larger current handling capability by choosing the reasonable emitter fingers,length and area of emitter stripe.


Rotating machinery usually suffers different kinds of failure with the increase of serving time. Meanwhile, determining the root cause of the rotor failure is still a comprehensive and complex task, where external force induced by failure or interference has straightforward effects on the signal processing. In this paper, on the basis of rotor balancing, the external force effect is considered and experimentally studied. Experimental results show that the external force has significant effects on the vibration response of the rotor system, which may indicate that once a rotor balancing task is delivered, the first step is determined whether the measuring target is suffered unbalancing problem only or different failure so as to find the root causes and solve the vibration problems effectively.


Abstract Objective Hyponatremia is a prognostic marker for specific pathologies. However, the association between contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and post-procedural hyponatremia has not been explored. Our study aims to evaluate the association between hyponatremia developing after contrast media administration and CIN. Material and methods A total number of 236 patients who required nephrology consultation before coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) because of the high risk for contrast nephropathy, were included. Serum sodium levels were measured at admission and within three consecutive days after contrast media administration. Results Hyponatremia was observed in 141patients (59.7%) following angiography. CIN was developed in 149 (63.4%) patients. Among the patients who developed hyponatremia, ejection fraction, serum haemoglobin level and serum albumin level were low whereas, contrast media volume and percentage of the diabetes mellitus were higher. Also, length of hospital stay, percentage of CIN, renal replacement requirement and mortality rate were higher in patients with hyponatremia. In univariable analysis to evaluate the risk factors for CIN, being female gender, age, diabetes mellitus, serum albumin concentration, haemoglobin level, contrast media volume and hyponatremia were associated with development of CIN. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age, serum albumin concentration and hyponatremia were independent predictors of CIN. Conclusion Post-procedural hyponatremia was an independent risk factor for CIN in CAG or PCI patients.


The collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758) is considered an animal of economic viability for trading and potentially productive for meat, being important the knowledge about the health of this species. Thus, the objective of the research was to carry out a cross-sectional study of leptospirosis in captive collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) from the states of Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Piauí, northeast region of Brazil, using serological and molecular techniques. Serum samples from 48 animals were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) technique. In the samples of vaginal and preputial fluid, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed. Four animals (8.3%) were seroreactive for Leptospira sp. with reaction to serogroup Icterohaemorraghiae and negative in PCR. There was association between the occurrence of leptospirosis and the intensive breeding system (odds ratio=63.00; 95%CI=4.3910.6; P=0.002). The seroreactivity for leptospirosis suggests that, at some point, these animals were infected by sources of infection within the farm itself. It was also possible to observe the importance of knowing the serogroups prevalent in this species in the studied region, which allows the establishment of adequate strategies for its control, thus prioritizing the balance in the human-animal-environment relationship.


Although laser projectors are widely used in the practical field (e.g.: laser shows performed at music concerts and other various events), it has not yet been studied from the Computer Graphics research point of view. In this paper, we propose a small library to project Bezier curves using double buffering techniques. This is our first try to develop Computer Graphics technology for making use of laser projectors in an efficient way.


Procedures for the purification of acidic growth factors for Bifidobacterium bifidum from carrot were developed. These involved adequate solvent extraction and subsequent successive chromatography on Amberlite IR-45, IRC-50, IRA-68, and SE, DEAE, QAE Sephadex which included a proper precipitation procedure for the SE-Sephadex eluate, and preparative paper electrophoresis. Among five kinds of growth factors separated, the major growth factor and the most acidic factor were highly purified. Both factors differed from coenzyme A and its known precursors, while one of the weaker acidic factors coincided with D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate in chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors.


Strategy is a set of decisions and actions that result in the formulation and implementation of plans designed to achieve a company's objectives. It is a very important tool in moving a firm forward in a turbulent environment. Strategy implementation is as important as strategy formulation. KCB Ltd is East Africa's largest bank with an asset base of Kshs. 223B as at 31st December 2010. The bank's loan book also grew to Kshs.l48B during the same period. The bank has a branch network of over 220 branches with a presence in all East Africa countries. Over the past decade KCB Ltd has embarked on various turnaround processes to enable it to become the Good bank it is today. Having pursued and virtually achieved the vision "To be the best bank in the Region" KCB Ltd adopted a pan-African vision to take the bank into the future, "To be the preferred financial solutions provider in Africa with a global reach." Moving into the new decade, the bank embarked on a transformation journey which the Board instituted early 2011, with the aim of improving KCB from a Good to a Great bank. The process was specifically targeted towards the processes and strategy the bank employs to achieve its vision and mission. The Goal of Transformation is to deliver business growth, increase productivity, drive efficiency, rationalize costs, enhance stakeholder value and launch KCB Ltd to the next level thus transforming the bank from Good to Great. Under the credit division, the key initiatives were around the reduction of turnaround time in loan processing and decision-making, monitoring and recovery of non-performing debts and a clear definition of the bank's risk appetite for various customer segments as well as a focus on compliance and governance.


The invention is suitable for the field of communication technology, providing a screen locking/ unlocking control method, a system and a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps: when the continuous touching time of a user on a screen exceeds the preset continuous touching time threshold value, controlling to set the attribute of the locking/ unlocking function of a rotary screen to be in the open state; receiving rotary angle data input by a rotary mobile terminal via a user; and when the received rotary angle data exceeds the preset rotary angle threshold value, controlling to carry out the locking/ unlocking operation on the screen. In the embodiment of the invention, when the continuous touching time of a user on a screen exceeds the preset continuous touching time threshold value, the attribute of the locking/ unlocking function of a rotary screen is controlled to be set to be in the open state; rotary angle data input by the rotary mobile terminal via a user is received; and when the received rotary angle data exceeds the preset rotary angle threshold value, the locking/ unlocking operation is carried out on the screen. The invention is simple to operate and convenient for users to use.


The TBHP/TBAI-mediated synthesis of N-(pyridine-2-yl)amides in water from ketones and 2-aminopyridine via direct oxidative C-C bond cleavage has been developed. A series of ketones, including more challenging inactive aromatic ketones substituted with diverse long-chain alkyl groups, were selectively converted to N-(pyridine-2-yl)amides. Furthermore, the protocol can be applied to aryl alkyl carbinols to afford the corresponding amides in moderate to good yields.


This study examined the relationships among multicultural competency, task-oriented coping, spirituality, political involvement, and experiences of discrimination on students' engagement in social justice advocacy in a sample of 412 clinical, counseling, and school psychology doctoral students. Specifically, this study examined the mediating role of political involvement and task-oriented coping between the predictor variables and social justice advocacy. The results showed that the relationship between experiencing discrimination and social justice advocacy was only present when participants reported more political involvement and more task-oriented coping. The same was true for the relationship between spirituality and social justice advocacy; this relationship was only present when going through task-oriented coping. Further while there was a relationship between students' multicultural knowledge and social justice advocacy, it was partly accounted for by political involvement. Similarly, the relationship between multicultural awareness and social justice advocacy was partly accounted for by task-oriented coping. Implications and recommendations for future research are addressed.


The overall burden and epidemiology of keratitis in the U.S. are unknown. Now, CDC investigators have used possible keratitis-related International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes (e.g., corneal ulcer, corneal disorder involving contact lens use) and data from several national health services–utilization databases to study the epidemiology of this condition and estimate the incidence and cost of resulting office, outpatient department (OPD), and emergency …


Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-associated death among Iranian women with an increasing trend in breast cancer incidence in recent years. However, few data about genetic determinants associated with breast cancer among Iranian females are available. According to the literature, the genetic variants at the non-coding region of 5q12 play a critical role in breast cancer susceptibility. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association of rs4415084 (T>C) and rs10941679 (A>G) with breast cancer risk in an Iranian sample population. Peripheral blood samples, taken from 72 patients and 65 controls, were subjected to DNA extraction and genotyping of the mentioned polymorphism by Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (Tetra-ARMS-PCR) assay. Also, the demographic characteristics of the participants were obtained. The results show that the majority of patients had estrogen-receptor (ER) and progesterone-receptor (PR) positive tumors (75% for either receptor) and 36 % were human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) positive. Also, the majority of the tumors were at T2 (59.7 %), N0 (41.6 %), and M0 (86.1 %) grade. Moreover, a considerable association between the rs10941679 polymorphism and breast cancer was noticed (p=0.01) with significantly increased susceptibility of AG genotype. Genotyping of rs4415084 also revealed that TC and CC genotypes significantly increased breast cancer risk. This work revealed that the rs4415084 and rs10941679 at 5q12 might be risk-conferring factors for breast cancer among Iranian women, which could be employed in breast cancer screening and prognosis approaches.


In the present study, we investigated the effect of a long-term mountain expedition on glucose tolerance and insulin action. Twelve registered mountaineers ages 31 years (SD = 1.1) participated in a 25-day expedition at a 2,200-3,800-m altitude with an average duration of 8 hr per day. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was substantially reduced during hiking. Glucose tolerance and insulin responses were measured prior to and twice during the expedition period. Maximal oxygen consumption increased from 43.0 ± 2.7 to 49.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min. Percentage of body fat decreased from 19.4 ± 6.8% to 16.9 ± 5.9%. The area under the curves for insulin and glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test were also reduced in Days 3 and 25. The present study demonstrated that altitude hiking activity is an effective lifestyle intervention to improve insulin action.


Abstract Context: Scaffold if suitably modified could be used as a drug delivery system. Objective: To develop chitosan scaffold as a delivery system for delivering curcumin in wound-healing application. Materials and methods: Chitosan–curcumin microcomplex particles were prepared, and the effect of drug–polymer ratio (DPR) and homogenisation speed (HS) was studied using a two-level full-factorial design. Chitosan scaffold was prepared and incorporated with curcumin microcomplexes to obtain a chitosan scaffold-containing chitosan–curcumin microcomplex (CS-CCM). Antimicrobial property of the CS-CCM against Escherichia coli was studied. The cytotoxicity of CS-CCM was studied by assessing the cell viability by MTT assay. Results and discussion: DPR had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the drug content. CS-CCM was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli considerably. The MTT results showed that CS-CCM is non-cytotoxic and supports cell proliferation. Conclusion: CS-CCM due to its biocompatibility and antimicrobial property could be further evaluated for potential application in wound healing.


C IRCULATION of people, goods, and ideas among the politically separated islands of the West Indies is rare. Parallel economnic development and similarity of products have sharply limited local commerce. This fact, together with poor transport facilities, tariff controls, and other political barriers, has oriented the Indies more toward outside areas than toward one another. For the colonial islands, trade is largely determined by political affliation: economic integration is closest with the governing power and, occasionally, with other dependencies under the same flag.' For independent units, such as Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti, the chief ties are with middle-latitude markets, particularly the United States.2 A traveler in the West Indies often finds it less difficult to send mail, or to book passage, to Miami, New York, or Mexico City than to a nearby island. He finds, further, that the local press is notoriously weak on 4regional" news, and that the man in the street seems to have greater interest in, and knowledge of, events abroad than of those in the other islands of the Caribbean. In short, fragmentation rather than integration seems to be the dominant pattern of relationship in the West Indies. The British Virgin Islands (B.V.I.) are an exception to this pattern. Politically the islands constitute one of the four presidencies in Britain's Leeward Islands colony. They are, however, the outermost of these units, and for most purposes they have established stronger socioeconomic ties with the American Virgin Islands (A.V.I.) and, indirectly, with the United States than with either Britain or other British possessions. St. Thomas in the American Virgins not only is the principal export market and the chief source of imports but also offers more opportunity for wage employment to B.V.I. labor than can be found at home. Currently, the economy of the presidency is so closely linked with that of its American neighbors that it functions exclusively with American currency. The British islanders will accept only United States money for goods and services, and even the British


We develop a guidance system to help the blind find their ways. Using accelerometer data, we classify users' behaviors into several categories; based on this, we propose a new power saving technique.


Abstract Background We studied the effect of age, baseline viral load, vaccination status, antiviral therapy, and emergence of drug resistance on viral shedding in children infected with influenza A or B virus. Methods Samples from children (aged ≤13 years) enrolled during the 7 years of the prospective Influenza Resistance Information Study were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to determine the influenza virus (sub-)type, viral load, and resistance mutations. Disease severity was assessed; clinical symptoms were recorded. The association of age with viral load and viral clearance was examined by determining the area under the curve for viral RNA shedding using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results A total of 2131 children infected with influenza (683, A/H1N1pdm09; 825, A/H3N2; 623, influenza B) were investigated. Age did not affect the mean baseline viral load. Children aged 1−5 years had prolonged viral RNA shedding (±1–2 days) compared with older children and up to 1.2-fold higher total viral burden. Besides, in older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.12), prior vaccination status (OR, 1.72; CI, 1.22–2.43) and antiviral treatment (OR, 1.74; CI, 1.43–2.12) increased the rate of viral clearance. Resistance mutations were detected in 49 children infected with influenza A virus (34, A/H1N1pdm09; 15, A/H3N2) treated with oseltamivir, most of whom were aged <5 years (n = 39). Conclusions Children aged 1−5 years had a higher total viral burden with prolonged virus shedding and had an increased risk of acquiring resistance mutations following antiviral treatment. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00884117.


The patient, a 46-year-old cigarette-smoking woman, noted a right breast mass in 1982 but concealed it from medical attention until February 1984. At this time the center of the breast was missing, the cavity measuring 14 by 7 cm, and nearly all the rest was indurated with neoplasm. Several axillary nodes, as much as 1 cm in diameter, were palpable. Laboratory tests elicited the following values: hematocrit 0.67 (67 %), leukocyte count 11.5 x 109 per liter (11,500 per id), and platelet count 200 x 109 per liter (200,000 per ,l). The red cell volume (chromium 51 method) was increased (2,100 ml, with 1,435 ml predicted), and the plasma volume with radioiodinated serum albumin was normal (2,200 ml, with 2,154 ml predicted). Arterial blood gases include a Po2 of 8.35 kPa (63 mm of mercury), with a carboxyhemoglobin of0.045 (4.5 %), normal being less than 0.037 (3.7 %) (study not repeated). An intravenous pyelogram showed a borderline small left kidney at 12.3 cm. Urine catecholamine levels were elevated at 1,375.4 nmol per day (252,ug per 24 hours), the normal being less than 627.7 nmol per day (115 itg per 24 hours). Metanephrine values were at the upper limit of normal at 5.5 itmol per day (1.0 mg per 24 hours). Bone and liver scans did not show distant metastases or splenomegaly. She had blood pressure readings as high as 208/120 mm of mercury, and her hypertension was treated with hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg, plus triamterene, 50 mg, given twice a day plus sodium restriction. A biopsy was done that confirmed infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma. An estrogen-


Excavations were undertaken at the village ( phum) of Sophy in Banteay Meanchey Province, north-west Cambodia over two field seasons in two separate areas in 2009 and 2010. The remains of twenty individuals were found in 14 mortuary contexts with individuals interred with a range of burial goods including ceramic vessels, stone and glass beads, iron and bronze artefacts and faunal remains. The site dates to the Iron Age (dates spanning the period c. 87-526 AD) and is surrounded by the ruins of later, Pre-Angkorian temples and their associated ponds. Excavation and research has revealed Sophy to be a prehistoric agricultural village in which the inhabitants exploited a wide-range of habitats and engaged in inter-regional exchange.  The results of these investigations are presented here incorporating a description of the excavation, preliminary discussion of the material assemblage and demographic data obtained from the mortuary contexts.


This paper is aiming at detailed 36~52 V input,3.3 V/0.23 W output power supply for digital-chip by us-ing a two-level bus converter.A detailed analysis of the working principle of half-bridge converter and the basis of ma-jor design parameter are given.Based on the results of the loss analysis,the effect of frequency on the converter effi-ciency is discussed and the optimized operating frequency is made.Finally a prototype of the production is completed and the experimental results which are consistent with the loss analysis.The maximum converter efficiency appeares at 350 kHz and the converter efficiency is 56%~72% when fully loaded.Compared with flyback converter,efficiency can be increased by 10%.The results of loss analysis provides the basis for further optimization of converter efficiency.


We review the hypergeometric function approach to Feynman diagrams. Special consideration is given to the construction of the Laurent expansion. As an illustration, we describe a collection of physically important one-loop vertex diagrams for which this approach is useful. 1. Introduction. Recent interest in the mathematical structure of Feynman diagrams has been inspired by the persistently increasing accuracy of high-energy experiments and the advent of the LHC epoch. For stable numerical evaluation of diagrams, a knowledge of their analytical properties is necessary. We will review some of the progress in this area, focusing on the hypergeometric function representation of Feynman diagrams. Forty-five years ago, Regge proposed [1] that any Feynman diagram can be understood in terms of a special class of hypergeometric functions satisfying some system of differential equations so that the singularity surface of the relevant hypergeometric function coincides with the surface of the Landau singularities [2] of the original Feynman diagram. 1 Based on Regge's conjecture, explicit systems of differential equations for particular types of diagrams have been constructed. For some examples, the hypergeometric representation for N-point one-loop diagrams has been derived in Ref. [4] via a series representation (Appell functions and Lauricella functions appear here), the system of differential equations and its solution in terms of Lappo-Danilevsky functions [5] has been constructed in Ref. [6], and the monodromy structure of some Feynman diagrams has been studied in Ref. [7]. A review of results derived up to the mid-1970's can be found in Ref. [8]. It was known at that time that each Feynman diagram is a function of the "Nilsson class." This means that the Feynman diagram is a multivalued analytical function in complex projective space CP n . The singularities of this function are described by Landau's equation. Later, Kashiwara and Kawai showed [9] that any regularized Feynman integral satisfies some holonomic system of linear differential equations whose characteristic variety is confined to the extended Landau variety. The modern technology for evaluating Feynman diagrams is based mainly on techniques which do not explicitly use properties of hypergeometric functions, but are based on relationships among the Feynman diagrams derived from their internal structure. 2 It was shown, for


A new model of classification of strongly interacting particles is proposed, in which particles are assigned to those representations of SU(4) that come out from the Kronecker products of the regular {15} representations. Mass formulae are derived and new particles are predicted. To account only those particles that have been found experimentally and avoid predicting dubiously too many new particles, an "N-degeneracy" model is suggested, by which particles of the same "N-spin" multiplet are assumed to be the same particle. Some physical consequences of this model are discussed.


With the rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement for cementing materials,the effects of activator on the foaming rate,foaming multiple and strength of foamed cement with density of 200 kg/m3 were investigated.The results indicate that with the activator content increasing,the foaming rate showed phase changed and increased significantly,but the foaming multiple had not changed.Besides the compressive strength and flexural strength of foamed cement products has increased significantly when the activator content is 0.5% of the rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement,the foaming time is shortened to 10 min,the 28th day compressive strength increased by 43%,the flexural strength increased by 13%,and tensile strength increased by 3%.


I still have problems answering that question. One day, I read that we have many "selves" inside us. When I think about it, I notice that I have so many paths, so many different thoughts, so many ways to see life that I get kind of confused. I am not saying that I am a liar or that I have problems regarding my personality. Rather, when I reflect about myself, I realize that I have evolved so much. Yet, at the same time, I am still so connected to my inner "child" self that I do not know how to define myself. The only way I can explain it is by talking about some experiences and how my life perceptions changed according to those experiences.


Recent angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) studies of the La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) compound provide a new piece of information on the evolution of the electronic structure in cuprate systems with doping. Our aim is to analyze that evolution by means of the spin polaron approach based on the string picture. We study the motion of a single mobile hole in the stripe phase of a doped antiferromagnet. Holes within the stripes are taken to be static, undoped antiferromagnetic domains between hole stripes are assumed to have an alternating staggered magnetization, as it has been suggested by neutron scattering experiments. The system is described by the t-t′-t′′-J model with realistic parameters and we compute the single particle spectral density. In this paper we concentrate on the filling level 1/12. Theoretical spectra and results of measurements performed at that hole concentration show reasonable agreement. In both cases we observe, along the direction (0,0)→(π,0), "splitting" of the spectrum and formation of n...


We are interested in the investigation of the orthogonality (in
the sense of Birkhoff) of the range of an elementary operator and
its kernel.


Introduction Ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important cause of tissue damage in vascular syndromes of the heart, brain and kidney. Sensitive tools to image ischaemic injury non-invasively are lacking. We hypothesised that antibody-conjugated microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) targeting vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) would enable molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of endothelial activation in a mouse model of renal IRI. Methods and Results MPIO (1.0 μm) were conjugated to monoclonal antibody against vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM–MPIO). In male C57BL/6 mice (n  =  10) the left renal pedicle was cross-clamped for 30 minutes to induce IRI. Following 12 h reperfusion, mice were anaesthetised with isofluorane and administered intravenously with VCAM–MPIO (n  =  5) or negative control IgG–MPIO (n  =  3). In-vivo MRI (9.4T) was performed for 90 minutes. VCAM–MPIO binding produced low signal areas in the clamped kidney, with little retention in the contra lateral unclamped kidney. Significant VCAM–MPIO binding to the endothelium was observed in ischaemic kidneys compared with the negative control IgG–MPIO (p Conclusion (1) In a mouse model of renal IRI in vivo, VCAM–MPIO bound specifically and under flow conditions. (2) Retained MPIO were readily quantifiable by MRI. (3) This provides a platform for non-invasive detection of IRI in the kidney and other organs.


Abstract Background Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) are used to document a person's treatment preferences for a future mental health crisis. Peer support specialists have been proposed to facilitate PADs, but little is known about the quality of peer versus clinician facilitated PADs. Aims This study examined whether PAD documents facilitated by peer specialists and non-peer clinicians differed in the mix of treatment requests and refusals and expert ratings of feasibility and consistency. Methods Analyses were conducted of content and expert ratings of 72 PAD documents from a randomized trial of PAD facilitation by peers and clinicians on Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams. A count of treatment refusals and requests was used to classify documents as predominantly prescriptive, proscriptive, or balanced. Regression was used to estimate relationships between PAD facilitator type and content. Results Peer-facilitated PADs were significantly more likely to be predominantly prescriptive than were PADs facilitated by non-peer clinicians. Prescriptive PADs were more likely to receive expert ratings of high feasibility and consistency. Conclusions Results should alleviate some clinicians' apprehensions regarding the appropriateness of peer-facilitated PADs, such as the concern that people with lived experience with mental illness might encourage other consumers to use their PAD primarily for treatment refusals.


ABSTRACT Fuel cycle technology for the transmutation of long-lived minor actinides (MAs) using an accelerator-driven system has been developed under the double-strata fuel cycle concept. A mononitride solid solution of MAs and plutonium diluted with zirconium nitride is a prime fuel candidate for transmutation of MAs. Pyroprocessing is suitable for recycling the residual MAs in spent nitride fuel with high radiation doses and decay heat. The spent nitride fuel is anodically dissolved, and the actinides are recovered simultaneously into a liquid cadmium cathode via molten salt electrorefining, which is the core step of the process. The process should be designed to achieve the target recovery yield of MAs and the acceptable impurity level of rare earth fission products in the recovered material. In this study, we evaluated the material balance during the pyroprocessing of spent nitride fuel to gain important insight on the design process. We examined the effects of changing the stage numbers in the countercurrent extraction and the zeolite treatment on material flow and quantity of waste. The results show that multistage extraction is necessary to meet the targets and the stage number of the zeolite treatment is recommended to be more than three from the aspect of the amounts of glass-bonded sodalite wastes.


This paper deals with decentralized decision making in cooperative and autonomous teams of robots. Even ifDEC-MDPs describe an expressive framework for cooperative multi-agent decision making, they suffer from a high complexity and fail to formalize properties of multi-robot missions. Our purpose is therefore to propose a model that can deal with more complex time and action representations, and to develop an algorithm that efficiently solves large problems. Thus, the OC-DEC-MDP model is defined and a polynomial algorithm is presented. Experiments show that our approach can deal with real-world multi-robot decision problems.


ABSRACT The present contribution is an attempt to make a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) comparison between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump's presidential campaign discourses, based on Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional framework. The educational aim of the present study is to introduce an applicable approach through a new analytical framework for reading journalistic texts among EFL learners in order to equip them with the critical ability and analytical skills to achieve a depth-understanding of the texts. So this is a corpus-based qualitative-quantitative study focusing on how societal power relations are established and reinforced through language use. Through close analysis of texts we can find out where and why implicit messages and explicit meanings are foregrounded or backgrounded. The findings of the current study can be utilized for English foreign language learners to promote their critical ability to analyze the journalistic texts and this, in turn, can enhance the EFL learners' motivation in reading comprehension.


In order to improve the corrosion-resistance and the mechanical properties of the welded pipe, the austenitic stainless steel butt welded pipe has been made to undergo a diameter reduction pre-deformation drawing and an annealing treatment at proper temperature. As a result of these, the welding seam structure recrystallization has occurred, ie the equiaxed grain structure has replaced the strongly directional columnar grain stucture (or columnar branch grain), namely, equiaxed grain crystallization. The results also show, equiaxed grain crystallized weld not only becomes consistent with the matrix in microstructure appearance on the whole, but also becomes improved in corrosion-resistance. For the purpose of insuring the welding structure to be changed into fine equiaxed grain completely, the pre-deformation amount of the reduction diameter rate must be great than 9. 40%, and the optimum annealing temperature zone should be within 980~1 000℃.


The quasistationary and transient (nanosecond) regimes of nonlinear vortex dynamics in a soft magnetic dot driven by an oscillating external field are studied. We derive a nonlinear dynamical system of equations for the vortex core position and phase, assuming that the main source of nonlinearity comes from the magnetostatic energy. In the stationary regime, we demonstrate the occurrence of a fold-over bifurcation and calculate analytically the resonant nonlinear vortex frequencies as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the applied driving field. In the transient regime, we show that the vortex core dynamics are described by an oscillating trajectory radius. The resulting dynamics contain multiple frequencies with amplitude decaying in time. Finally, we evaluate the ranges of the system parameters leading to a vortex core instability (core polarization reversal).


A decrease and/or increase of the discharge current ratio (5i/50i), the ratio of the discharge current for 5 volts discriminator bias to that for 50 volts discriminator bias, under irradiation is studied in air filled ozonizers excited by a.c. potentials kV of 50 cycles. sec./sup 1/ frequency. Results are in accord with Joshi's theory which consider that external light emits photo-electrons from an adsorption like electrode layer formed with ions and molecules of the gas on the glass wall of the discharge tube. These photo-electrons are captured by excited atoms to form also moving negative ions and bearing about the decrease in 5i/sub L/sup 50i/sup L/ as a space charge effect. The positive effect,+ delta (5i/50i), is also explained by the electronic work function at the boundary layer.


After 20 years, a new "Dairy NRC" is about to be released albeit with new name. The 8 revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle will now be designated as a product of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) rather than the National Research Council (NRC). The Academies have always been the governing unit of the NRC. Although the name has changed, the procedures related to development of the revised edition remained the same. A committee of experts are chosen by the Academy that represents a broad range of expertise and geography, and the committee is vetted for potential conflicts of interest. The final committee was comprised of Rich Erdman (co-chair), Bill Weiss (co-chair), Mike Allen, Lou Armentano, Jim Drackley, Jeff Firkins, Mary Beth Hall, Ermias Kebreab, Paul Kononoff, Helene Lapierre, and Mike Vandehaar.


Area development policies are widely implemented. In each case such measures involve the definition and classification of geographical areas, the establishment of information systems to support policy initiatives, the determination of strategic policy goals, the establishment of policy instruments and the allocation of financial and other resources to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate the measures adopted. The aim of this chapter is to deal with two of these dimensions of area development policies: the definition and classification of areas and the allocation of financial resources. These issues will be considered in relation to the experience mainly of the European Union but also of contemporary China.


This paper focuses on the image retrieval task. We propose the use of dense feature points computed on several color channels to improve the retrieval system. To validate our approach, an evaluation of various SIFT extraction strategies is performed. Detected SIFT are compared with dense SIFT. Dense color descriptors: C-SIFT and T-SIFT are then utilized. A comparison between standard and rotation invariant features is further achieved. Finally, several encoding strategies are studied: Bag of Visual Words (BOW), Fisher vectors, and vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD). The presented approaches are evaluated on several datasets and we show a large improvement over the baseline.


Formed in the West Pacific, a typhoon No. 0312 (Krovanh) moved westwar ds, landed on Wenchang Gity of Hainan Province at 4 a.m, August 25, and brought seri ous economic loss. In this article, by utilizing tidal data from marine observation stations, authers have deeply analyzed the process of storm surge forecasting cause by typ hoon No. 0312. The objective of the study is to know more about the rule of storm surge forecasting.


There is a clear evidence that the combination of ability to produce intense beams of highly charged heavy ions and of reliability, stability and low emittance can be guaranteed only by an adequate design of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS). Following the roadmap defined by Geller's scaling laws (1987) and the high B-mode concept (1990), the evolution of ECRIS has been steady and it amounted to about one order of magnitude per decade, as for high charge state currents. A further increase is possible according to the standard model of ECR sources unless technological problems may limit it in the future. Some sources are in the commissioning or construction phase to get the milliampere level for highly charged heavy ions, and some limitations have been already found but the possibility to get a further step forward remains unchanged. This paper presents the flashbacks of previous relevant experiences, along with the perspectives for higher current production in the years after 2010.


MANET, which stands for Mobile Ad-hoc Network, is composed of a group of self-organized and wireless nodes that do not possess any predictable and fixed infrastructure. When nodes want to communicate with each other, they have to pass on their messages directly or indirectly. In case the destination node is out of the transmission range, the source node has to rely on intermediate nodes, which, in this case, is called indirect transmission. On the other hand, if the destination node is the neighboring node, there is no need to employ intermediate nodes, which, in this case, is called direct transmission. Over the past years, security issues in MANETs have received a great deal of attention due to their extensive applications in, for instance, disaster relief efforts, military battlefields, conference venues, and so on. Because of that, quite a few protocols have been proposed in this realm. In this paper, it is tried to analyze NACK protocol from the security standpoint. NACK was proposed by Sun et al. In 2012. Unfortunately, the proposed scheme not only has some technical problems, it is vulnerable to the man-in-the-middle attack as well, which is a kind of routing misbehavior attack. In the end, some countermeasures are proposed against the mentioned flaw and vulnerability.


framework of EU-project ORPHEE, some innovative solid fuel formulations for hybrid rocket propulsion were manufactured and tested in order to overcome the shortcoming of very low fuel regression rates, typical of conventional hybrid ro cket fuels. Firing tests were perfomed in a 2D slab burner implemented at SPLab (Space Propulsion Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano). Nano-Al powders and a metal hydride (Magnesium hydride (MgH 2)) were used as fillers in paraffin matrices. The highest regression rates were found f or the Solid Wax (SW) composition, added with 5% MgH 2 mass fraction. At 350 kg/m 2 s oxygen mass flux, the measured regression rate, a veraged in space and time, was 2.5 mm/s, which is approximately five times higher than that of the pure HTPB composition, taken as baseline reference fuel. Comp ositions added with nano-sized Aluminum powders were compared with those added with MgH 2, using gel or solid wax. A rheological investigation and a mechanical characterization wer e performed, in order to explain the dependence of the regression rate on the nature and size of the m etal powder, the viscosity of the paraffin melted layer, the thermodynamic properties of the differen t paraffins considered in this work. Nomenclature


The Hydrology Section of the Canadian Geophysical Union held its inaugural meeting in Banff, Alberta, in May. The formation of the section is considered a very important milestone for hydrologists and hydrogeologists throughout Canada. The interim executive committee includes T. M. Dick, president; G. Jones, vice-president; D. Gray, secretary/treasurer; and J. M. Buttle and M. K. Woo, members.


The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for real-time current diagnostic homologous SMV Intelligent Substation sampling information. The current diagnostic method, comprising: collecting information on the same sample feeder current transformer different groups; wherein two sets of the same comparison current transformer sampling the magnitude of the range of the acquired information, and according to a preset current parity judgment It is an alarm signal. According to the present invention, real-time online measurement error during operation of the electronic transformer, greatly improving the reliability and security of electronic transformer substation intelligent operation.


We prove that the concordance stable range for manifolds of dimension $2n$ can be no better than $2n-2$. In order to do so, we define new characteristic classes for block bundles, extending earlier work with Ebert, and prove their non-triviality.


Paget's breast disease (PBD) is a rare disease with an unusual presentation, so early diagnosis is quite difficult. Only histopathology can give the definitive diagnosis, and the treatments depend upon the presence or absence of associated breast lump. Simple lumpectomy, mastectomy, or radical mastectomy depend upon the lump (cancer) in the diseased breast. Now, we present a case of PBD without any lump in the breast.


We read this pilot study, which offers insight into the effect of caffeine on digital perfusion, with interest. A mean reduction in perfusion following caffeine ingestion of 28.45 PU (or a reduction of 12.6%) is demonstrated. Statistical significance is not reached and the authors state that the study is insufficiently powered to detect a change of this magnitude. A type II error is therefore possible and the spread of the data is wide. From this study, on the basis of the post-hoc power calculation, one may conclude that caffeine is likely to reduce perfusion by less than 60 PU. Although the clinical effect of any reduction is unknown, it is conceivable that a perfusion reduction of 12% may be sufficient to compromise some replanted or revascularized digits. Although smoking does not increase the risk of free flap vessel thrombosis or flap loss (Chang et al., 2000), most microsurgeons continue to advise against smoking (Motakef et al., 2015). A study by van Adrichem et al. (1992), using laser Doppler flowmetry to assess digital perfusion in patients following digital replantation, identified a reduction in perfusion of a similar magnitude to this study (8%) after smoking one cigarette. Importantly, the reduction was more marked in those whose replantation was more recent, suggesting the effect in healthy volunteers, as assessed by this study, is likely to be diminished. Knight and co-workers, in what they acknowledge to be a pilot study, have demonstrated that a negative effect of caffeine on the digital perfusion of normal (at least non-replanted) digits is possible and may be of similar magnitude to that of smoking. The categorical conclusion, prominently offered in the title, that 'caffeine consumption does not have an effect on digital microvascular perfusion' is not supported by the data presented and may lead surgeons to mistakenly disregard its potential effects. As the negative effects of doing so are minimal, it would seem prudent to recommend abstinence from caffeine, as we do smoking, following replantation, as a failure that results from caffeine ingestion, even if infrequent, is catastrophic.


Ross's attempt to undermine the consequentialist understanding of the relation between duties and outcomes might give him greater defence against the danger that outcome-related duties will come to constitute a norm, to the disadvantage of all others.


As the nation's spend on specialty medications continues to grow, hospitals and health systems are pursuing the patient care and revenue opportunities that come from integrating a specialty pharmacy.

Kevin Colgan, corporate director of pharmacy for Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, gives


Th is research explores the inter connectedness in entrepreneurs' and tourists' perception about western infl uence in business culture of touristic city – Pokhara, Nepal and provides suggestions for fostering sustainable tourism development of the destination. Primary data results are drawn in which researchers have collected 249 data from tourists' viewpoint, 395 from determining provincial government roles and 395 from hospitality entrepreneurship along with key informants interview with experts' viewpoints for generating practical solutions of the existing problems in order to enhance hospitality and tourism business for progress and sustainability. Based on this triangular data results and secondary resources' analysis, this research concludes that, for the sustainable tourism business in Pokhara, the entrepreneurs in the area should recognize, preserve, promote and sustain local socio-cultural practices; tourists' viewpoints should be addressed and Gandaki provincial government roles must be constructive. The Gaze Journal of Tourism and Hospitality (2021) 12:1, 88-111 Copyright © 2021 Authors Published by: International School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Kathmandu, Nepal ISSN 2467-933X Conveying Impetus for Fostering Tourism and Hospitality Entrepreneurship in Touristic Destination: Lessons Learnt from Pokhara, Nepal Niranjan Devkota Quest International College, Pokhara University, Nepal email@example.com Udaya Raj Paudel Quest International College, Pokhara University, Nepal firstname.lastname@example.com Udbodh Bhandari Quest International College, Pokhara University, Nepal email@example.com


Post-stall performance of a subsonic one-stage compressor with and without a new treated casing was investigated experimentally. The aerodynamic parameters of pre-stall and post-stall and recovery forms from stalled flow were compared. Using an unsteady stage-by-stage compression system modeling technique, the numerical simulation of compressor performance recovery from rotating stall with and without the treated casing was accomplished. The calculation results verified that the method of casing-treated could improve the stalling recoverability of the compressor.


BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Correction for "Complex evolutionary footprints revealed in an analysis of reused protein segments of diverse lengths," by Sergey Nepomnyachiy, Nir Ben-Tal, and Rachel Kolodny, which was first published October 19, 2017; 10.1073/pnas.1707642114 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:11703–11708). The authors note that the following statement should be added as a new Acknowledgments section: "The research was supported by the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) Grant 450/16 (to N.B.-T. and R.K.)."


Estonia stayed fifty years under the communist regime. This paper explores the transformation of Estonian organizations within the framework of the Leavitt's model of change where the process is analyzed from the perspective of four organizational elements: people, organizational goals, structure, and technology. In respect with the people the role of individuals is emphasized as well as the polarization of mindsets is discussed. The new era forced to clarify the organizational task because of market economy. The organizational structure does not change as fast as the other elements do and hierarchy considered being important. The formalization tactics (personnel selection and training) have gained new meaning in the process of transformation of organizations. The technology has varied due to the twofold possibilities- advantage to introduce the new informational technology and the usage of the old fashion machinery. Change of the society led to the change of organizations, which had the transformational nature. There was shown that all the elements of the organizations had the pressure to find new forms of existence.


The paper discussed a path planning algorithm based on fluid simulation, and transform the ship's optimal trajectory problem into solving the flow field around a plate in a tube with obstacles. Due to the fact that the optimal route is similar to the streamline in water with obstacles in general. Firstly, the lattice Boltzmann method simulates the flow field. Then the optimal curves can be calculated by screening tracks of the particles following the orientation field. The result of experimental simulation of the algorithm show that the proposed method could find a desirable route.


Energy transition and system integration, energy themes related to energy system integration, European North Sea strategy development of a governance structure, the European off-shore super grid


Women are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at an increasing rate, and there is renewed interest in estrogen (E2) replacement therapy (ERT). It remains unknown if E2 contributes to the greater susceptibility of women to diabetes‐evoked myocardial dysfunction. In diabetic men and male animals, the formation of connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels, at the expense of the physiological Cx43‐based gap junction domain, underlies myocardial dysfunctions. While Cx43 constitutes a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular anomalies, its role and its modulation by adiponectin (APN) in diabetic females remain unknown. APN, an anti‐inflammatory adipokine with higher levels in females, is reduced in T2DM and coronary artery disease. Whether the higher APN‐Cx43 expression and signaling in healthy female hearts becomes paradoxically detrimental when disrupted by T2DM in an E2‐dependent manner has not been studied. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that E2 exacerbation of diabetes‐evoked disruption of cardiac APN‐Cx43 signaling underlies heightened myocardial dysfunction in diabetic females.


This paper provides guidelines on how medical providers can help their patients who are victims of domestic violence. A first-hand experience with an abused patient was described and strategies to detect physical abuse were also presented. Among the physical signs observed on a physically abused person are injuries on unusual parts of the body or in central areas (e.g. face neck or throat) fractures that rarely occur by accident and multiple injuries at various stages of healing. Behavioral indicators are often subtle and may include recurrent episodes of injury; repeated visits to health care facilities; complaints of pain without tissue injury; and depression. After recognizing that a patient is a victim of abuse the primary goal of intervention should then be empowerment of the victim. Since most victims are relieved of the opportunity to tell the truth health care professionals should communicate openly with the victim. The victim should also be informed of the local hotline numbers for domestic violence as well as other community resources that they could use.


The shorthand X ∼ N(0, 1) is used to indicate that the random variable X has the standard normal distribution. A standard normal random variable X has probability density function f (x) = e −x 2 /2 √ 2π − ∞ < x < ∞. The standard normal random variable arises because a normal random variable with mean µ and variance σ 2 can be standardized by subtracting µ, then dividing by σ. This means that only a single table is required for all calculations involving the normal distribution. The probability density function is illustrated below.


(2012). Chapter 8 - Governing the Games in an age of uncertainty: The Olympics and organisational responses to risk. Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games: Vol. 1, Terrorism and the Olympics, pp. 135-162.


On Saturday, November 16th, 1765, Dr. William Houston, a respected resident of Duplin County, arrived in Wilmington, North Carolina for a short visit. Houston had recently been appointed -to his great surprise, since he had not sought the position -distributor of stamps for the colony of North Carolina under a new revenue [2] law enacted by the Parliament of Great Britain. Houston may have heard that the new tax was unpopular among his fellow colonists, but he quickly learned that the citizens of Wilmington were particularly upset about it. A crowd of three or four hundred people accompanied by drums and flags appeared at his inn and escorted Houston to the courthouse where, in the presence of Wilmington's mayor and several aldermen, he was told that he would have to resign his position as stamp distributor. Under the circumstances, and not having wanted the job in the first place, Dr. Houston resigned on the spot. This made him the crowd's hero, and Houston was carried in an armchair back to his inn and toasted by his admirers with "the best Liquors to be had." More toasting followed around a bonfire that night as opponents of the new tax cheered themselves and their noble endeavor [3]. The assault on Dr. Houston, while no one was harmed and the whole affair was more or less goodnatured, was a symptom of a very real and serious division between Great Britain and her American colonies, a division which would soon lead to revolution.


We have measured the scintillation properties of 151 young, energetic pulsars with the Parkes radio telescope and have identified two extreme scattering events (ESEs). Towards PSR J1057-5226 we discovered a three-year span of strengthened scattering during which the variability in flux density and the scintillation bandwidth decreased markedly. The transverse size of the scattering region is ~23 au, and strong flux density enhancement before and after the ESE may arise from refractive focusing. Long observations reveal scintillation arcs characteristic of interference between rays scattered at large angles, and the clearest arcs appear during the ESE. The arcs suggest scattering by a screen 100-200 pc from the earth, perhaps ionized filamentary structure associated with the boundary of the local bubble(s).
Towards PSR J1740-3015 we observed a "double dip" in the measured flux density similar to ESEs observed towards compact extragalactic radio sources. The observed shape is consistent with that produced by a many-au scale diverging plasma lens with electron density ~500cm$^{-3}$ . The continuing ESE is at least 1500 d long, making it the longest detected event to date.
These detections, with materially different observational signatures, indicate that well-calibrated pulsar monitoring is a keen tool for ESE detection and ISM diagnostics. They illustrate the strong role au-scale non-Kolmogorov density fluctuations and the local ISM structure play in such events and are key to understanding both their intrinsic physics and their impact on other phenomena, particularly fast radio bursts.


This qualitative study examines the lived experiences of Ghanaians and Somalis in Toronto, highlighting the multifaceted interplays between their cultures, housing problems, and coping strategies. We found that, unlike the situation in their homelands where many were involved in communal living out of desire, in Toronto many are driven to live communally for reasons of cost. Also, some respondents have to either improvise, or totally forgo, various culinary practices because of the ways homes are designed in Toronto. Perhaps, no other cultural attribute was found to be more consequential in the housing decisions of our respondents than their religion; not only did it influence their choice of neighborhood and whether or not their internal living arrangements were gendered, but it also had some bearing on the acquisition of interest-laden loans for housing among many Somalis.


Blood clot lysis depends on a large number of physiological processes that are usually regulated by the human fibrinolytic system. In the presence of occlusive pathologies of blood vessels, like in acute myocardial infarction, the administration of exogenous thrombolytic agents is widely used to accelerate the dissolution of thrombi. We present a mathematical model of the dynamics of plasma substances during therapy with the thrombolytic agent t-PA (tissue-type Plasminogen Activator). On the basis of in vitro knowledge a preliminary model was formulated and thorough simulation studies were performed to analyze in detail the various processes. Some novel hypotheses emerged regarding the biochemical reactions in vivo, and were included in a revised model which well qualitatively describes experimental observations reported in literature.


Abstract Nitrile radicals have been generated in solution by photolysis of azo-compounds at 20 °C, and their electron spin resonance spectra have been studied. The radicals have the formula CH3C(CN)R where R=-CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3 or -CH2CO2CH3.


Ti-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (TITO) with different molar ratios of Ti:ITO were synthesised by co-precipitation method using Ti(OCH2CH2CH2CH3)4, InCl3 and SnCl4·5H2O as starting precursors. Deionised (DI) water was selected as the solvent in this process. The as-precipitated powders were calcined at different temperatures around 700°C for 2 h. For all samples, their crystal structures, optical properties and morphologies were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. XRD results reveal that the purity of as-synthesised samples is increased with the increase of calcination temperatures. Relevant mechanisms involved in the synthesis via precipitation process are discussed. It is noticed that the incorporation of Ti into ITO matrix significantly affects the relevant physical properties and optical properties.


PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish a 3-D finite element model of rabbit mandibular fracture, which will be used in biomechanics study. METHODS: Within the CAD software, the DICOM data of the CT images of the rabbit were used directly to reconstruct the 3-D model of mandible; and the mini titanium plate was designed based on the actual size, the fracture gap of the mandible was set in CAE software and fabricated with the mini titanium plate; finally, the fractured 3-D mandible model was meshed in FEA software. RESULTS: A 3-D finite element model of rabbit mandibular fracture was established, including the fracture gap, direction of fracture line and titanium plate. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-D finite element model we built featured with high geometric comparability with the mandible in vivo; the establishment method of the model is efficient and accurate. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.Y0203).


FastText is a text classification model by Facebook. As the model is simple in structure, it has the advantage of fast and efficient. However, when the model is used in Chinese text classification, the accurate rate will decrease. To this end, a Chinese FastText text classification method combing Term Frequency-Relevance Frequency (TF-RF) and improved random walk model is suggested in the paper. The method makes TF-R weight choice to N-gram processed dictionaries during the input stage of the FastText model, making semantic analysis by using Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA), and supplements to feature words; then utilizes the improved random walk model to improve the accuracy, and the improved model is more suitable for Chinese text classification. The experiment result shows that improved model in the paper has a better effect to Chinese text classification.


Informational asymmetries between employers may inhibit optimal worker mobility. However, researchers rarely observe shocks to employers' information. I exploit two school districts' adoptions of value-added (VA) measures of teacher effectiveness—informational shocks to some, but not all, employers—to provide direct tests of asymmetric employer learning. I develop a learning model and test its predictions for teacher mobility. I find that adopting VA increases within-district mobility of high-VA teachers, while low-VA teachers move out of district to uninformed principals. These patterns are consistent with asymmetric employer learning. This sorting from widespread VA adoption exacerbates inequality in access to effective teaching.


A preliminary experience to study, on a small scale, the movements of the young of the year (YOY) Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834), in the Mexican Central Pacific, using acoustic telemetry within a nursery area. From October to December 2014 seven sharks were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked for 68 days within a 14 km2 area associated to a river mouth. The quick shark handling allowed their release in less than two minutes and excellent health condition. Although recaptured sharks up to 105 days after tagging did not show symptoms of scar infection, a slight abrasion in the shark skin was observed after 51 days. The ultrasonic transmitter retention was 75%, and the site fidelity was complete (F = 1) during the first ninety days. For the 135-day period, fidelity was 0.63 (0.40-0.80), and the estimated attrition rate was 0.73 (0.34-1). Ninety-seven percent of detections occurred on soft bottoms and less than 30 m depth. The YOY S. lewini stayed active 24 h a day and performed estimated movements of 11.96 km during that time. The home range for all tagged sharks was estimated to be 4.82 km 2 using the minimum convex polygon method (MCP) and 4.89 km 2 using the kernel utilization distribution method (95% KUD). The KUD estimation showed two core areas within the study area, is the one located in front of the river mouth the most used.


The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not provide a general formulation of the threat, while some legal norms on the prohibition of violation of personal psychological security determine the features and the meaning of the threat differently. In accordance with the established tradition of development of the criminal legal norms, the concept of threatening is used by the legislator either meaning a way to commit an unlawful assault, or meaning an independent act; the threat is regarded either as a consequence of a crime, or as a means of duress, being a circumstance excluding the criminality of the deed, mitigating the punishment, or, contrariwise, aggravating it. At the same time, the reality of the threat perception by a person being threatened is defined by the legislator only in a few articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, without any reasonable justification of such a random approach to the decision of the question of its punishability. In addition, the term of threat is used in the formalization of the danger defining the ending moment of the criminal act by the occurrence of an injurious action, also without going into detail of objective and subjective features.


Nicolas Marques vii Abstract A bipolar plate is one of the key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which are considered as potential power sources for transportation and portable applications. The main objective of this work is the optimization of the stamping process of metallic bipolar plates, using the finite element simulation of the forming process. The numerical simulations presented in this study were carried out with the in-house finite element code DD3IMP. The geometry of the flow channel has a large influence on the formability during the stamping process. Therefore, the aim of the study is to study the different geometrical variables in order to optimize the flow channel dimensions. Accordingly, a parametric CAD model containing the stamping tools' geometry is created, which is posteriorly used in the simulation with the finite element method. Due to the large complexity of a bipolar plate, a simplified model with different representative zones is created. Each representative zone aims to study a different region of the bipolar plate. covering the entire deformation behaviour found in the plate. Thus, a simple 2D analysis is used to evaluate the straight channel section of the bipolar plate, while a 3D analysis is required to study the curved section of the flow channel. Afterwards, the material of the blank is studied with a comparison between three different alloys, SS 304, Al 5042 and Al 1235. Since the stamping process influences the results obtained for the formability of the blank, a study between microstamping and hydroforming is performed. The numerical results shown that increasing the main radius, the channel width and the rib width and diminishing the channel depth, the fillet radius and the flat section the formability of the blank is improved. The critical areas of the stamped metallic plates are on the curved flow channels on the correspondent fillet radius. Both the stainless steel SS 304 and the aluminium alloy Al 1235 demonstrate good formability and the microstamping process has an improved result compared with hydroforming in terms of formability.


Let $M$ be a hyperkahler manifold, $\Gamma$ its mapping class group, and $Teich$ the Teichmuller space of complex structures of hyperkahler type. After we glue together birationally equivalent points, we obtain the so-called birational Teichmuller space $Teich_b$. Every connected component of $Teich_b$ is identified with its period space $P$ by global Torelli theorem. The mapping class group of $M$ acts on $P$ as a finite index subgroup of the group of isometries of the integer cohomology lattice, that is, satisfies assumptions of Ratner theorem. We prove that there are three classes of orbits, closed, dense and the intermediate class which corresponds to varieties with $Re(H^{2,0}(M))$ containing a given rational vector. The closure of the later orbits is a fixed point set of an anticomplex involution of $P$. This fixes an error in the paper 1306.1498, where this third class of orbits was overlooked. We explain how this affects the works based on 1306.1498.


In his discussion on press photography in 'The Photographic ~essage ' , ' Roland Barthes elaborates on the shifting relationship between image and text. No longer, he argues, is it the image which elucidates or realizes the text but rather the text now works as a secondary vibration to quicken the image. Whereas in some accounts the image is held to illustrate the text, making it clearer, Barthes suggested, in the 1960% that the text could, instead, sublimate the image, burdening it with a culture, a moral and an imagination.


The dynamics of λφ4 scalar quantum field theory is studied using two different variational approaches: the Gaussian effective potential and a BCS-motivated trial state. Simultaneous minimization of both of the BCS variational parameters yields a "reduction in generality", in which the BCS-generalization yields the Gaussian case. "End-point" contributions to the variational approach produce instability when the coupling constant is negative and infinitesimal but no effect when the coupling constant is positive and infinitesimal. The dynamics of the negative, infinitesimal case are presented.


A Novel graph approach named Combined Forward and Backward Heuristic Search (CFBHS) is proposed in this paper, which can be used to solve optimization problems in areas such as transportation and network routing. There are two major aspects distinct our method from the most cited ones. Firstly, though focuses on getting the shortest path in a graph when both source and destination are given, this work can also find other possible paths as outputs. Secondly, the proposed algorithm is a high-performance one, which is achieved by (1) reducing unnecessary nodes and edges to reach a target optimum based on dynamically calculated heuristic values and (2) finding the results by using the sub-division scheme instead of computing over the whole graph. Experiments are carried out for the complex road network of Yangon Region. The comparisons show that our algorithm is about 100 times faster than the bi-directional Dijkstra's algorithm. Besides, benefit from the heuristic forward and backward search, the proposed method can achieve very low time complexity, which is similar to the A*, but A* can only produce the shortest path. By contrast, the proposed algorithm is competent for finding not only the shortest but also many possible paths in complex road networks such as undirected graph and hypergraph networks.


Introduction. Whole body cryotherapy is becoming a more and more popular form of therapy used by people of all ages. Understanding the organism's response to short exposure to extremely low temperatures can contribute to the safety of treatments. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a series of whole body cryotherapy with kinesiotherapy on the reaction of cardiorespiratory system of patients at different ages and the analysis of the occurrence of adverse reactions under the influence of cryotherapy.
Materials and Methods. The study included 36 patients aged 32-70 divided into two age groups. Before and after the first and after the tenth treatments, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate per minute and a match test were made. A questionnaire regarding adverse effects related to the stay in the cryochamber was also conducted.
Results. After the first cryotherapy with kinesitherapy in the younger group (p = 0.005) and the older one (p = 0.03) the diastolic pressure was decreased, and after a series of treatments in the older group, also the systolic blood pressure decreased (p = 0.004). There were no changes in other parameters of the circulatory and respiratory systems. After the stay in the cryochamber, the patients most frequently reported discomfort associated with staying in a small room (7 people) and during breathing (5 people).
Conclusions. Systemic cryotherapy with kinesitherapy can cause adaptive changes associated with lowering blood pressure and do not significantly affect the respiratory system. Responses of the cardiorespiratory system to the above treatments are similar in the elderly and younger. Whole body cryotherapy can cause adverse effects, but they are not very serious and do not eliminate patients from participating in the therapy. Older age is not associated with a higher incidence of adverse changes.


Digital holography is considered as that part of diffractive optics which treats the theoretical analysis, calculation, and fabrication of thin diffractive elements. The coding theory allows the derivation of upper bounds of the diffraction efficiency of these elements. >


The purpose of this study is to determine the marketing of Hiyung cayenne pepper, calculate the share price, cost, margin, and profit earned by producers/farmers and each marketing agency, and examine the level of marketing efficiency of Hiyung cayenne pepper. This study took place in the Tapin Tengah Subdistrict of the Tapin Regency of South Kalimantan Province. The Snowball Sampling approach was used to pick merchant responses. Primary and secondary data are both required. The findings revealed that Hiyung's cayenne pepper marketing channel is divided into two sections: Channel IA (Farmers – Collector Traders – Retailers at the Keraton Market – Consumers), Channel B (Farmers – Collecting Traders – Retailers at Binuang Market – Consumers), and Channel II (Farmers at the Binuang Market – Consumers). - Wholesalers – Collecting Merchants). The greatest marketing cost is Rp. 2,834,39/kg in channel II, and the lowest cost is Rp. 1,967,80 in channel IA with the marketing area in the Keraton market. In channel II, the highest margin is Rp.13,500,00./kg. Meanwhile, the smallest margin, Rp. 4,000.00/kg, is found in channel IA at the Keraton Market Retailer level. The highest marketing profit in channel II is Rp. 17,678.00/kg, whereas the highest profit is Rp. 7,999,46 in channel IA in the Keraton Market area. Channel IA Pasar Keraton has the highest percentage of farmers at 77.44 percent, while channel II has the lowest percentage of farmers at 62.59 percent. The largest profit share for wholesalers is 37.00 percent in channel II, while the lowest is 22.56 percent in channel 1 in the Keraton Market region. The most efficient marketing channel is channel IA, which serves the Keraton market. Its economic efficiency is superior to that of channels IB and II, and its technical efficiency is superior to that of the Keraton market. This translates to lower distribution costs and more acceptability by major institutions.


Based on the wave-particle duality of light,many scholars have proposed different guesses,to explain the linear propagation,diffraction and interference of light.In this article, mathematical modeling and simulation verification have been carried out on three guesses based on the wave-particle duality of light.With the Matlab tool,the optical phenomenon, such as diffraction,are used to verify the corresponding guess,and the results are compared with the book Optical Principle.


and their metabolites was not performed in all patients. The response to flumazenil does not necessarily indicate an antagonism of an endogenous benzodiazepinelike ligand. The presence of exogenous benzodiazepines and metabolites can falsify the results; also, in the study of Bansky et al., not all patients tested negative for benzodiazepines (5). Furthermore, the elimination of benzodiazepines is greatly reduced in patients with impaired liver function. (6). We have recently administered flumazenil to a 60-year-old patient suffering from portosystemic encephalopathy due to alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The response was very quick and complete (Figure I), but the screening test for benzodiazepine was positive when flumazenil treatment was started. Analyses of the serum by modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (7) showed that chlordiazepoxide and its metabolites were present. The patients had received chlordiazepoxide on 4 consecutive days, the last dose 6 days before flumazenil treatment. Two months later, when the screening test turned negative, the parent compound and metabolites were still detectable by HPLC (Figure 2). We conclude that in this patient, the response to flumazenil is due to antagonization of the exogenously administered benzodiazepine. This case clearly shows that a response to fiumazenil in a patient with HE may result from antagonism of exogenous benzodiazepines even when screening tests are negative (Figure 2). Thus the search for benzodiazepines and their respective metabolites in patients with HE requires testing by HPLC. The results of this report suggest that in ptients with HE who respond to flumazenil, a benzodiazepinefree interval of 4 weeks does not preclude that antagonism of exogenous benzodiazepines is responsible for the improvement (6).


Differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplastic lesions is occasionally difficult even when histological examination is performed. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman with a lower abdominal mass, in which primary ovarian cancer was clinically difficult to distinguish from metastaic ovarian cancer. She had a history of mastectomy of both breasts. Comparison of microscopic specimens suggested that the ovarian lesion had metastasized from the breast cancer. However, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the ovarian lesion was positive for AE 1/3 (cytokeratin), EMA (epithelial membrane antigen), ER (estrogen receptor) and PR (progesterone receptor). It was also focally positive for CK7, NSE (neuron-specific enolase) and CGA (chromogranin A). While these results were not sufficient to clearly distinguish whether this tumor was derived from breast or ovary, the neuroendocrine nature (focal positivity for NSE and CGA) suggested that it was more likely to be derived from the breast. Careful microscopic examination of many specimens is necessary in cases of ovarian neoplastic lesions. Immunohistochemical staining can be helpful for differential diagnosis but is not necessarily conclusive.


The microwave cut-off probe for the electron density measurement in low-temperature plasmas is described in this article. It is based on the wave cutoff in an unmagnetized plasma. The measurement principle is analyzed theoretically using a model of plasma slab. Because of the high-pass characteristic of plasma, the waves above the cut-off frequency can penetrate the plasma slab, whereas the lower frequency waves are reflected from the cut-off layer. Therefore, an obvious critical point can be observed in the wave transmission spectrum. The abscissa of the critical point indicates the cut-off frequency, which is directly related to the maximum electron density between transmitting/receiving antennas of the cut-off probe. The measured electron densities are in agreement with the data obtained by the Langmuir probe. Experimental results show that the microwave cut-off probe can be used to diagnose the plasmas with a wide range of parameters.


Abstract The study was designed to reveal the relationship of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, rs1927914 and rs1927907) polymorphisms with risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the adjustment of this association by some environmental and lifestyle factors in Chinese Han population. TLR4 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphisms and direct sequencing method in 138 AMD patients and 146 healthy controls. Genotype distribution in the control group was checked with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Association of TLR4 polymorphisms and AMD risk was evaluated by &khgr;2 test and adjusted by age and sex, smoking and drinking. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to represent the association strength. Logistic regressive analysis was used to calculate the adjusted OR values. CC genotype of rs1927914 had significantly lower frequency in AMD patients (P = .010), indicated a negative association with AMD risk (crude: OR = 0.358, 95% CI = 0.162–0.791; adjusted: OR = 0.355, 95% CI = 0.160–0.789). C allele of rs1927914 might decrease the susceptibility of AMD (crude: OR = 0.698, 95% CI = 0.497–0.982; adjusted: OR = 0.698, 95% CI = 0.495–0.984). No significant association has been discovered between TLR4 rs1927907 polymorphism and AMD susceptibility. Strong linkage disequilibrium existed between rs1927914 and rs1927907 polymorphisms. C-C haplotype was negatively associated with AMD risk (OR = 0.242, 95% CI = 0.121–0.485; OR = 0.242, 95% CI = 0.120–0.488). CC genotype and C allele of rs1927914 were significantly associated with the decreased AMD susceptibility.


In Capital and the relevance books,based on the relationship Marx not only expounded labor,but also comprehensively and profoundly analyzed two important economic categories-goods and capital.Marx thought that value of goods is not its property,but the social relationship appearing through the object.Capital is not a thing,but a kind of relation,a kind of media in the social relations between people,a certain historical social relations of production.So the definition of relational categories including labor,goods and capital is the key to understanding capital.


Lattice vibration frequencies are related to many important materials properties such as thermal and electrical conductivities and also the superconductivities. However, computational calculation of vibration frequencies using density functional theory (DFT) methods is computationally too demanding for large number of samples in materials screening. Here we propose a deep graph neural network based algorithm for predicting crystal vibration frequencies from crystal structures with high accuracy. Our algorithm addresses the variable dimension of vibration frequency spectrum using the zero padding scheme. Benchmark studies on two datasets with 15000 and 35,552 samples show that the aggregated R 2 scores of the prediction reaches 0.554 and 0.724 respectively. Our work demonstrates the capability of deep graph neural networks to learn to predict spectrum properties of crystal structures in addition to phonon density of states (DOS) and electronic DOS in which the output dimension is constant.


Playing Jenga, building a house of cards or tearing down a brick wall you know that the pieces that support most loads have higher friction and are more difficult to remove. But you also know that pieces that can easier be removed within the tower, house or wall, are structurally of little importance. Does the same hold true for the erodibility of rocks? Which factors control bedrock erodibility in landscape evolution? Proposed factors are typically lithology, climate and tectonics. As near surface, low stress magnitudes cause a structural strengthening and evoking a negative feedback on erosion, we propose that stress fields/state also pose a control on the erodibility of bedrock.


An inexpensive multiprobe vibration analysis system was designed and fabricated as a diagnostic tool for testing dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks. The basic unit of the system performs vibration measurements, data acquisition, real-time FFT to determine quickly major frequency centers and respective acceleration amplitudes for simpler vibration patterns, such as for smooth or "negotiable" ride. Rough or unacceptable ride requires more sophisticated vibration spectrum analysis to separate vibration signatures from several different vibration sources. For this purpose a modified "Cepstrum" is run on a lap-top PC AT which is connected with the system through a multiplexer. Several tests were performed on a variety of Freightliner heavy trucks. The obtained to date results of this vibration analysis system are particularly useful due to simplicity of data presentation for truck design and service engineers.


Research Objectives Recent studies suggest that providing increased access alone to fruits and vegetables does not necessarily lead to an increase in consumption (Cummins, 2005 & 2009). Harnessing the power of marketing to promote increased consumption of healthy foods could lead to substantive improvements in consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of student involvement in the design of promotional materials in schools on fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption.


Objective To establish a mouse model for the study of carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury.Methods The sex,dosage,detection methods and the state of animals were recorded.The levels of AST and ALT were measured.Results The level of ALT is influenced by the gender of the animals.0.1% of CCl4 is suitable to induce hepatic injury.Determination by machine is more conveniently,accurately than by hand.Animal quality factor has great influence on the hepatic injury model.Conclusion The influence of gender,administration dosage and animal quality factor is great that standardized research is necessary to ensure the stability of acute hepatic injury animal model by carbon tetrachloride.


"Supplication for the quickest possible conclusion." Analysis of source materials regarding magnate pre-wedding negotiations (example of the marriage of Teresa Barbara Radziwiłł with Józef Scipion del Campo)

The presented research is based on source materials regarding magnate pre-wedding negotiations. The handwritten notes were made on the occasion of the second marriage of Józef Scipion del Campo (died 1743), the Lithuanian court marshal, with Teresa Barbara née Radziwiłł (died 1780). The subject of the analysis are preserved documents revealing a number of legal and property-related problems that determined the process of the pre-wedding negotiations. Scipion del Campo sought to tie the knot with the wealthy daughter of Mikołaj Faustyn Radziwiłł, counting on tangible benefits that could be brought to him by the affinity with the influential family. The analysis of the unique source materials has made it possible to trace the negotiation process preceding the marriage, along with the identification of the most important problem points. The preserved documents prove that it was possible to change the final arrangements (dowry, annuity, some economical aspects). The analysis significantly enriches knowledge about the matrimonial policy implemented in the noble circles of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.


Forty records of fossil moa bones (Aves: Dinomithiformes) considered to be older than 75,000 years (Otira Glaciation) are reviewed. The ages of the provenanced specimens are reassessed and the oldest is concluded to be no more than 2.5 million years old. There are 11 Haweran, 8 Castlecliffian, 6 Nukumaruan and 15 unprovenanced records. All but two records come from the North Island, in the Taranaki, Wanganui and Hawke§ Bay districts. The taxa represented by the pre-Otira Glaciation fossil record are: Anomalopteryx didiformis, Pachyornis elephantopus, Emeus crassus, Euryapteryx geranoides, E. curtus, Dinornis novaezealandiae, D. struthoides. There is still no significant record of the presumed long history (probably more than 20 million years, and perhaps more than 80 million years) of moas in New Zealand.


Photo Spot takes the classic touch screen "spot the difference" game to your iPhone and iPod Touch! Can you identify all 4 differences in the photos before the countdown timer runs out? Are you up for the challenge to conquer the game, with...


it is only in the sciences dealing with inanimate matter that a reasonably adequate set of primary concepts has yet been isolated '.x Today most of us would agree that this is still true. Attempts have been made to fill the gap, but the concepts proposed by psychologists have little relation to the needs of the sociologists, those of sociologists have not helped psychologists, and neither have been adopted by historians. What Sullivan had in mind was no doubt something more 'primary' than this, based on the recognition that all these specialists are concerned with human behaviour. In this essay an attempt will be made to explore the possibility of constructing a system of concepts adequate in the first place for a science of social relations, and ultimately for all studies of human life and activity. The idea that inspires the undertaking is simple. In the old days of classical physics we used to be told that science is simply organised common sense, and, however inadequate this statement may be, it seems true enough that the Newtonian Laws do define with mathematical precision the common notion of matter as something that goes when and where it is pushed or pulled. Modern physics is diverging more widely, but could hardly have come into existence without classical physics. I see nothing inherently improbable in the suggestion that a science may develop through three stages, namely: (a) The loosely co-ordinated knowledge, acquired, transmitted, and tested over countless generations, which we call common sense; (b) the systematic formulation of these common notions as a classical system covering and accounting for a large range of ordinary experiences; and (c) further critical elaboration calling for new concepts. * Received 25. ii. 55 1J. W. N. Sullivan, The Limitations of Science, London, 1933, p. 201 H 117


Isotopically enriched Pd foils were bombarded with protons to determine the origin of the 1.2-hr activity which was previously discovered in an even-A Ag isotope. The only apprcpriate activity was found in Ag/sup 104/ which was observed to have a (69 plus or minus 3)-min predominantly K-capture activity with intense gamma rays of netic resonance method it was verified that the 69- min activity has I = 5. The I = 2 resonance in Ag/sup 104/, when counted in an x- ray detector, was found to decay with a 69-min half-life with a small admixture of a 27-min component. When viewed in a beta counter, only the 27min component was observed. These characteristics of the I = 2 resonance were explained by placing the I = 2 level above the I = 5 level with an appreciable amount of isomeric transition. This interpretation was supported by the observation of feeding in the 920-kev gamma ray which only occurred in the decay of the I= 5 state. Further work with isotopically-enriched Pd foils showed gamma rays of 120 and 150 kev, and, tentatively, 260 kev which were assigned to the decay of 59- min Ag/sup 103/ A positive identification of amore » (15 plus or minus 2)-min activity in Ag/sup 102/ was made. (auth)« less


Experimental results for heat transfer characteristic and pressure gradients of HCs refrigerants R-290, R-600a, R-1270 and HCFC refrigerant R-22 during evaporating inside horizontal double pipe heat exchangers are presented. The test sections which has one tube diameter of 12.70 m with 0.86 mm wall thickness, another tube diameter of 9.52 mm with 0.76 mm wall thickness are used for this investigation. The local evaporating heat transfer coefficients of hydrocarbon refrigerants were higher than that of R-22. The average evaporating heat transfer coefficient increased with the increase of the mass flux. It showed the higher values in hydrocarbon refrigerants than R-22. Hydrocarbon refrigerants have higher pressure drop than R-22 in 12.7 mm and 9.52 mm. This results form the investigation can be used in the design of heat transfer exchangers using hydrocarbons as the refrigerant for the air- conditioning systems.


One class of polymer/additive which has become increasingly important is polymer blends. In this study the ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, and the modulus of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene, poly(vinyl chloride), polybutadiene and polystyrene and their blends have been studied over an entire binary composition range. We have correlated these mechanical properties to their degradation behavior under natural and accelerated weathering by measurement of various indices during thermal and natural weathering. It was found that during natural weathering the presence of polystyrene in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) improved the weatherability of ABS; the converse was true when the blends were heated in an air oven at 100°C. It was also found that the weatherability of PB was improved in the presence of polystyrene and large improvement in the rigidity was observed. Similarly, from a measurement of carbonyl index, it was found that PVC has a stabilizing effect on PB. In many cases, the 50:50 composition of the polymers gave the best compromise of good mechanical properties, heat stability, and outdoor weathering. The mechanisms of possible interactions between the degrading polymers are discussed.


A laboratory facility has been established at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center to measure and model light scattered by soil samples and by individual plant leaves. Two goniometers have been built for this laboratory, one to measure directional reflectance and transmittance from vertically mounted samples such as leaves, the other to measure directional reflectance from horizontal, semi-infinite particulate surfaces such as soil samples. The design and operation of these two devices are discussed. Goniometric observations of various soil minerals and plant leaves are also presented. Level, semi-infinite surfaces consisting of quartz particles, for example, are shown to reflect red light diffusely when illuminated from zenith angles of less than 45 degrees. As an example of leaf observations, the magnitudes of oak leaf reflectance and transmittance are shown to depend upon leaf color. The goniometric measurements are compared to a model of reflectance from particulate surfaces or to a ray-tracing model of leaf reflectance and transmittance.