The recurring dramatic imperative of the English Corpus Christi plays-"Behold and believe!"-is most emphatically employed in the sequence of episodes that opens with Christ's Resurrection and climaxes at Thomas's conversion.' The paradigm of this sequence, which constitutes the "rising action" of each cycle's Resurrection Group, is an intense and prolonged trial of faith, wherein skepticism and middling conviction time and again confront accumulating evidence of the reality of Christ's Resurrection and of his physical return to the world of men. The conflict within this sequence is generated in the form of an agon of faith and disbelief, as Christ's followers debate the validity of proffered evidence, the credence of testimonies, and the seeming rationality of their own "flechinge" doubts. The debate is sometimes acrimonious; the pattern of suspended disbelief and backsliding faith repeats itself; the pilgrimage toward truth is hesitant and awkward. But even for those of little faith, the sum of evidencethe empty tomb, the discarded graveclothes, Christ's appearances to the Marys, his breaking the sacramental bread at Emmaus,2 his eating fish and honey, and finally offering his bloody side to touch-ultimately comes to constitute indubitable proof that Christ has risen as he had prophesied. As John says in Chester:


The mOTU profiler, or mOTUs for short, is a software tool that enables the profiling of microbial communities in terms of their taxonomic composition, relative abundance of metabolically active members, and diversity of strain populations. To this end, it maintains a database of single‐copy phylogenetic marker gene sequences, which are used as a reference to which short read metagenomic and metatranscriptomic reads are mapped for the identification and quantification of microbial taxa. Here, we describe the most common use cases of the mOTU profiler in two basic protocols. Additional supporting protocols provide information on its installation and in‐depth guidance on adjusting its settings for increasing or decreasing the stringency with which taxa are detected and quantified, as well as for customizing the output file format. Guidelines for understanding the profiling results are provided, along with additional information on unique features, methodological details, and the development history of the tool. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.


In this paper we report our first results on the influence of the energy and current density of Ar ions in the background atmosphere on the properties of e-beam evaporated SiO 2 films, which are not directly bombarded by the energetic ions. Ar ions are obtained with electron cyclotron resonance source (ECR). The change of optical constants, free volume, environmental stability and adhesion of the films to the different substrates are followed.


A scanning force/tunneling microscope (SFM/STM) for remote controlled operation in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is described. The lateral forces, normal forces, and tunneling currents between probe tip and sample can all be measured simultaneously. The optical beam deflection detector and the sample position can be adjusted by means of three compact inertial stepping motors. An UHV‐compatible light emitting diode is introduced as a general alternative to the widely used laser diode in the detector. Images, taken at 5×10−11 mbar on Si(111) with STM and noncontact SFM, and on NaF(001) with contact SFM, are presented.


This document contains a summary of the workshop which took place on 22 - 24 February 2012 at the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics in the University of Chicago. The goal of the workshop was to discuss the physics reach of the JEM-EUSO mission and how best to implement a global ground based calibration system for the instrument to realize the physics goal of unveiling the origin of the highest energy cosmic rays.


Mutations in three genes (i.e. JAK2, CALR or MPL) drive the development of an MPN phenotype and all lead to activated JAK-STAT signaling. Although the development of JAK inhibitors has significantly advanced MPN treatment, these agents have a number of adverse side effects and are not curative. Several avenues of research are being explored with the goal of improving the clonal selectivity of current MPN therapies, including combination treatments with existing JAK inhibitors, developing mutant specific JAK2 inhibitors, and potentially immunological targeting of mutant CALR.


Current 3-D wavelet video coding schemes with Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering (MCTF) can be divided into two main categories. The first performs MCTF on the input video sequence directly in the full resolution spatial domain before spatial transform and is often referred to as spatial domain MCTF. The second performs MCTF in wavelet subband domain generated by spatial transform, being often referred to as in-band MCTF. Figure 1(a) is a general framework which can support both of the above two schemes. Firstly, a prespatial decomposition can be applied to the input video sequence. Then a multi-level MCTF decomposes the video frames into several temporal subbands, such as temporal highpass subbands and temporal lowpass subbands. After temporal decomposition, a post-spatial decomposition is applied to each temporal subband to further decompose the frames spatially.


The application of ship maneuvering simulations in the evaluation of restricted channels that are required to accommodate two-way traffic is described in this paper. The application is illustrated by results from actual studies of the Baltimore channels carried out to validate channel reductions from 800 to 700 ft and from 1,000 to 800 ft, respectively, and an increase of the water depth from 45 to 50 ft to allow ships with deeper draft and larger tonnage to call at Baltimore. Initial studies were conducted using two coupled ship-handling simulators, each conned by a separate pilot and crew in communication and visual contact with the other ship. This initial study covered meeting situations for two-way traffic in the Craighill Angle channels. The data from these simulations provided the meeting situation strategies used by the pilots. Based on these strategies, a traffic ship control system was developed for use in later phases of the program. In all meeting situations, both ships are described with full hydrodynamic models. The later phases of the program involved simulation studies of the Brewerton channels, Rappahannock Channel, and York Spit channels. These studies consisted of fast-time simulations in which both own ship and traffic ship were computer controlled, and real-time simulations in which the own ship was controlled by a pilot and the traffic ship was computer controlled. A rule-based traffic ship control system was developed to control both ships in fast-time simulations and the traffic ship in real-time simulations.


The doctor Daniel Ortega Martinez (1898-1941), born in Fuentecen (Burgos) and graduated from the Cadiz Faculty of Medicine, was recently named "Adoptive Son" by the Municipal Corporation of El Puerto de Santa Maria (Cadiz, Andalucia). This article analyzes some aspects of his life related with this appointment that highlights that he was much more than a doctor with excellent qualifications


The paper describes the transfer of exchange investment mechanisms to the cryptocurrency and tokenized assets market. We propose an architecture of a new token standard, which allows dividing different assets into a commodity. The implementation of the prototype on the Ethereum platform is provided. An example of the token application on the banking system is presented.


Assessment and estimation of bankruptcy risk is important for managers in decision making for improving a firm's financial performance, but also important for investors that consider it prior to making investment decision in equity or bonds, creditors and company itself. The aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of bankruptcy prediction of companies and to analyse the predictive capacity of factor analysis using as basis the discriminant analysis and the following five models for assessing bankruptcy risk: Altman, Conan and Holder, Tafler, Springate and Zmijewski. Stata software was used for studying the effect of performance over risk and bankruptcy scores were obtained by year of analysis and country. Data used for non-financial large companies from European Union were provided by Amadeus database for the period 2006–2015. In order to analyse the effects of risk score over firm performance, we have applied a dynamic panel-data estimation model, with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators to regress firm performance indicator over risk by year and we have used Tobit models to infer about the influence of company performance measures over general bankruptcy risk scores. The results show that the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to build a bankruptcy risk scored based on discriminant analysis indices is effective for determining the influence of corporate performance over risk.


Expressions for the detected signal reflected from an object using a coherent laser radar system are developed in this paper. Post-processing methods to obtain intensity projection data from the detected signals are derived. Image domain signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are derived both for images reconstructed using a convolution-backprojection algorithm from range- resolved reflective measurements and for the intensity projection data. The two noise sources considered are photon noise and laser speckle noise. It is shown that the SNR of an individual projection at a point is limited above by one, and the upper limit of the SNR of the reconstructed image is on the order of the square root of the number of projections used to create the image.


Soft drinks have become a factor of trend among the people of nowadays. This makes them feel that they are followers of modern fashion. But it is a pathetic fact that these people are not aware of the nature of these drinks. On its intake frequently, it will have undermining effects on the health of its consumer. Fuzzy Logic Inference method when worked upon on various cases reveals that these drinks have catastrophic effects on the entire clan of the Homo sapiens. Conclusions of the analyses made on Ph values of various soft drinks, convey us unanimously that they are acidic. They don't have any progressive impact on the human body and also lie to be one of the factors leading to electrolytic imbalance.


Studies have shown that there is a high correlation between atopic dermatitis and decrease in ceramide content in the lipid bilayer of skin. Moreover, it has been shown that the reduction in ceramide content in the stratum corneum is unique to atopic dermatitis, indicating that there are particular structural differences between the lipid bilayers of normal and atopic skin.


The paper proposes to probe the appropriate guiding strategy to help the university sports volunteers to provide services in other fields on the basis of the activity development trend of the university sports volunteers.


The stress equilibrium equation,the continuity equation for water and the elastoplastic matrix are established.By using the Galerkin method,all the governing equations are discretized in the space domain and time domain respectively;and a two-dimensional FEM code for coupled hydro-mechanical elastoplastic analysis of saturated-unsaturated porous medium is developed.By introducing one set of special computation equations related to the unsaturated state,a numerical computation is carried out for the assumed coupled hydro-mechanical problem in an unsaturated soil body.The displacements,the pore pressures,the effective principal stresses,the flow velocities and the plastic zones at different times in the soil body are investigated;and the validity of the code is tested and verified qualitatively.


This study investigated the effects of joyful learning approach on elementary school students' attitudes toward science. The method used is quasy experiment with the participants were divided into two groups. Thirty three of 4th grade students volunteered as an experimental group, and the other forty two act as a control group. The data was collected by questionnaire that are given before and after the lesson, observation sheet, and interview. The effect of joyful learning on students' attitude was obtained by determining the n-gain and independent t-test. Observation and interview results were used to triangulate and support the quantitative findings. The data showed that the gain scores of the experimental group students' attitudes toward science were significantly higher than the gain scores of control group. In addition, the experimental group made significantly greater progress in their cognitive, affective and conative experiences. Interviews and observations indicated that their attitude toward science changed over the intervention. This indicated that joyful learning approach can enhance the elementary school students' attitudes toward science. According to these findings, it can be concluded that joyful learning approach can be used as an alternative approach to improve student's attitude toward science.


Abstract Background: Most medical schools require formal competence assessment of students immediately prior to graduation, but variation exists in the approach to endpoint assessments. This article reports perceptions of senior students and graduates from a school with a six-year program which has introduced final year workplace immersion placements following a barrier examination at the end of the penultimate Year 5. Methods: Final year students (22) and recent graduates (4) attended focus groups and in-depth interviews exploring their perceptions of the value of the curriculum experience during the final two years, the structure and timing of assessment, and their preparation for internship. Findings: Participants felt that the penultimate year was more pressured, and focused on passing "artificial" examinations. In contrast, the final year was more relaxed, building skills for postgraduate work and later career development. As a result, students felt well prepared for internship with some indication that the self-directed nature of the final year promoted a lifelong learning approach. Conclusion: The final year workplace immersion model was regarded positively by senior students of this medical school. This model may be a better way of preparing students to be junior doctors than a traditional final year heavy on theoretical learning and assessment.


The development of purpose-built office market in Malaysia is primarily resolved by a supplydemand market. Since the office market in Malaysia has displayed significance improvement due to increasing level of competitiveness, many characteristics of purpose-built office have appeared and become prominent during the process of assessment. These characteristics were generally used as indicators in property valuation, building performance as well as office market appraisal. Based on these characteristics, property market participants can evaluate their property proficiently based on their requirements, especially in decision making during business planning, investment or property management. Technology growth and national policy also gave contribution factors on revealing newly characteristics of purpose-built office such as green building, intelligent building and sustainable development model. The purpose of this article is to identify suitable characteristics of purpose-built office that can be used in Malaysia. Integral to achieving this objective, exploration on purpose built office characteristics in a global and local context will be reconsidered. As a result, a building and locational framework of purpose-built office's characteristics in Malaysia will be diagnosed and verified appropriately.


A National Park Service biologist collecting data from an immobilized bear. Grizzly bears are an important component of Denali National Park and Preserve. The legislation that created the park (formerly Mt. McKinley National Park) established a game refuge for the animals, so grizzly bears have not been hunted there since 1917. The park now supports a naturally regulated grizzly bear population as an active component of a large-mammal predator–prey system that includes wolves, caribou, moose, and Dall's sheep. Grizzly bears are also a primary reason that many people visit Denali. A recent survey estimated that 90% of visitors travelling the park road observed at least one grizzly bear on their trip. Numerous studies have described the adverse effects of humans and associated development on grizzly bears. Harvest of grizzly bears outside the park and concerns regarding the impacts of human access within the park resulted in the need for objective information on the status and trends of the grizzly bear population in Denali. This study was initiated in 1991 to examine the role of grizzly bears as predators of caribou calves. The emphasis of the project was redirected early on to describe the characteristics of a sample population of grizzly bears in Denali National Park and to develop and test noninvasive techniques for determining the density of bears in the park. The focus has since shifted to long-term monitoring of cub production and survival.


The aim of the current study is to study characteristics of high-risk cancer cells within the childhood disease neuroblastoma (NB) by mapping regrowth after treatment with the chemotherapy doxorubi ...


In this paper the promotion process of top executive officers (CEOs) in Danish private firms is analysed. The main research question to be analysed is whether the lower chances for women to become promoted into top management jobs are mainly attributable to individual background characteristics and special focus is given to the effects of family related variables. The descriptive statistics suggest that the family background (marital status, number of children, spouse labour force participation, education and occupation) differs substantially by gender of individuals in top management. Furthermore, we will try to detect whether women in women-led companies are more likely to be promoted than women in firms managed by men only. The regression results show that the child variables have different effects for women (none) than for men (positive). This is interpreted as evidence of statistical discrimination of women, as the (potential) negative effect of children and parental leave behaviour is included in the constant term and hence applies to all women in the pool of potentials. Furthermore, males' career opportunities are declining if the wife is working, whereas the women's careers are only affected if their husbands have a high level occupation. The results also suggest that women employed in women-led firms are more likely to be promoted than in the case of not women-led firms.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the variation in the risk for mortality among patients treated at renal dialysis facilities within a defined geographic area.

SETTING
All free-standing and hospital-based dialysis facilities in a single southeastern state reported to the registry.

DESIGN
Cohort of dialysis patients followed for 1 year by an end-stage renal disease registry.

PATIENTS
Patients (n = 3612) aged 20 years and older receiving treatment at the dialysis facilities reporting to the registry during 1987.

MEASUREMENTS
Demographic, comorbid, and severity of illness indicators were abstracted from patient records. Facility-specific risk estimates were derived from a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS
Facility-specific mortality rates ranged between 2.0 and 10.5 deaths per 10,000 patient days. Mortality rates were higher among older persons; whites; those with a history of diabetic nephropathy, angina, or congestive heart failure; and patients with either nutritional or functional status impairment. Facility-specific prevalence of each mortality risk factor varied widely. The unadjusted risk for death in a facility at the 75th percentile of risk was 1.3 times that of a facility at the median, whereas at the 25th percentile, it was 0.68 times as likely--a twofold range of risk. Controlling for differences in the prevalence of patient characteristics did not change the interquartile range in risks, and a facility's adjusted risk estimate showed a strong correlation with its unadjusted estimate (R2, 0.566; P less than 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Patient attributes associated with increased risk for mortality vary widely among dialysis facilities. Adjustment for these differences did not, however, substantially change either the degree of variation in mortality risks or the relative ranking of a facility's mortality.


The productivity of pulses are declining year by year due to many reasons. The major one is as they are grown in rainfed areas with low moisture availability combined with low fertile soils and another important physiological constraint which limit the productivity is flower drop. Experiment was laid out in RCBD with fourteen treatments including control, RDF + FYM, foliar application of MM at 20 DAS (MMF1 and MMF2), 40 DAS (MMF1 and MMF2) along with RDF+FYM, Foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS along with FYM+RDF and soil application of MMS1, MMS2, MMS3 and MMS4 along with RDF+FYM. These treatments were replicated thrice. Micronutreints mixture comprising Fe (20.10 g), Mn (18.20 g), Zn (160 g), Cu (12.73 g), with B (43.70 g)/without B, Mo(2.33 g) was prepared using appropriate micronutrients salts for foliar application per acre and Fe (80.4g), Mn(72.8g), Zn (640 g), Cu (50.92 g), with B (174.8 g)/without B, Mo (9.32 g) for MMS1 and two, three and four times that of MMS1 for other mixture (MMS2, MMS3 and MMS4, respectively) per acre for soil application. Results revealed that foliar application of MMF1 at 20 days after sowing and MMF2 at 40 days after sowing along + RDF+FYM recorded significantly higher plant height (28.35 cm), number of leaves per plant (6.87) number of branches per plant (4.13), number of pods per plant (26.42), number of seeds per pod (13.15) and seed yield (1030.70 kg ha-1) and dry matter (15.61 g plant-1)) of blackgram. While higher haulm yield (1873.75 kg ha-1) and was observed with MMS2 + RDF+FYM.


As the era of local autonomy emerged, the authority and role of the city government began to expand in 1995 and the importance of a city's...


Over 180 years ago the first of a long line of prisons specifically designed for young offenders was created in New York City. Called the New York House of Refuge, its creators called it a "school." The State Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, in its famous decision in Ex Parte Crouse, stated that the aims of the house of refuge were to reform the youngsters within them "by training . . . [them] to industry; by imbuing their minds with the principles of morality and religion; by furnishing them with means to earn a living; and above all, by separating them from the corrupting influences of improper associates." Subsequent investigations have found that there was an enormous amount of abuse within these institutions and failed to provide any semblance of reform. The closures of these prisons came after numerous scandals. The abuses continued within the institutions that followed (e.g., "training schools" and "detention centers"), so that by the early years of the 21 century we read of similar scandals in more "modern" institutions such as the California Youth Authority (CYA). This paper summarizes the most recent scandals of the CYA and similar institutions, including juvenile detention centers, and makes some linkage to the earlier houses of refuge. From Houses of Refuge to 'Youth Corrections': Same Story, Different Day" Many Americans were horrified when the news of the abuses at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq broke out. People familiar with the nature of prisons were not nearly as surprised as the public was. Those of us who have studied the problem were well aware of the history of abuses within the walls of " total institutions," well documented, for instance, in the Stanford Prison Experiment conducted more than 30 years ago. Briefly, the experiment consisted of setting up a " mock prison" in the basement of a Stanford University's Psychology Department building. Two groups of normal university students were selected. One group was selected to play the role of guards, while the other would play the role of prisoner. The experiment was to last two weeks, but was stopped after just six days because of the abuse that was taking place. Ordinary people called upon to play the role of " prison guard" became extremely abusive. Some of the prisoners rebelled and once an escape was barely averted. The lead author of the study, Philip Zimbardo, stated that: " We had created an overwhelmingly powerful situation -a situation in which prisoners were withdrawing and behaving in pathological ways, and in which some of the guards were behaving sadistically. Even the 'good' guards felt helpless to intervene, and none of the guards quit while the study was in progress." They had an encounter session after the experiment ended. All of the " prisoners" were happy it was over, but most of the " guards" were disappointed it was over. Imprisonment has been a dominant form of punishment in America for about 200 years. The effects, on both the guarded and the guards, have continued to be the same, while failing to put a significant dent in crime. For young offenders it began in the 1820s in New York, with the founding of the New York House of Refuge. Houses of Refuge: The Start of an Era Although entirely separate systems to monitor and control the behavior of young people began to appear during the early part of the nineteenth century, differential treatment based upon age did not come about overnight. The roots of the juvenile justice system can be traced to much earlier legal and social perspectives on childhood and youth. One of the most important of these was a legal doctrine known as parens patriae. Parens patriae has its origins in medieval England's chancery courts. At that point it had more to do with property law than children; it was, essentially, a means for the crown to administer landed orphans' estates. Parens patriae established that the king, in his presumed role as the " father" of his country, had the legal authority to take care of " his" people, especially those who were unable, for various reasons (including age), to take care of themselves. For children, the king or his authorized agents could assume the role of guardian to be able to administer their property. By the nineteenth century this legal doctrine had evolved into the practice of the state's assuming wardship over a minor child and, in effect, playing the role of parent if the child had no parents or if the existing parents were declared unfit. In the American colonies, for example, officials could " bind out" as apprentices " children of parents who were poor, not providing good breeding, neglecting their formal education, not teaching a trade, or were idle, dissolute, unchristian or incapable." [4] Later, during the nineteenth century, parens patriae supplied (as it still does to some extent), the legal basis for court intervention into the relationship between children and their families. Another legal legacy of the colonial era that relates to the state's involvement in the lives of youth is the stubborn child law. Passed in Massachusetts in 1646, it established a clear legal relationship between children and parents and, among other things, made it a capital offense for a child to disobey his or her parents. In the United States, interest in the state regulation of youth was directly tied to explosive immigration and population growth. Between 1750 and 1850 the population of the United States went from 1.25 million to 23 million. The population of some states, like Massachusetts, doubled in numbers, and New York's population increased fivefold between 1790 and 1830. Many of those coming into the United States during the middle of the nineteenth century were of Irish or German background; the fourfold increase in immigrants between 1830 and 1840 was in large part a product of the economic hardships faced by the Irish during the potato famine. The social controls in small communities were simply overwhelmed by the influx of newcomers, many of whom were either foreign born or of foreign parentage. This was to change, slowly at first, with the transition to capitalism (specifically the factory system in the New England area) during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. With the breakup of colonial society, in addition to the beginning of immigration, came an influx of poor, homeless young people, many of whom flocked to the cities of the Northeast, particularly New York. With this increase came a growing concern among prominent citizens about the " perishing and dangerous classes," as they would be called throughout the nineteenth century. With the shift from agriculture to industrialism came the age of adolescence and with this age came the problem of " juvenile delinquency" and attempts to control it. During the early nineteenth century prominent citizens in the cities of the East began to notice the poor, especially the children of the poor. The parents were declared unfit because their children wandered about the streets unsupervised and committing various assortments of crime just in order to survive. Many believed that here was the major source of problems in social control and forerunners of even greater problems in the future. Poor and immigrant (in this era the Irish) children, their life styles, and social position would soon be associated with crime and juvenile delinquency. A number of philanthropic associations emerged in eastern cities to deal with these problems. One of the most notable was the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents (SRJD), founded in the 1820s. The SRJD, composed primarily of wealthy businessmen and professional people, convinced the New York legislature to pass a bill in 1824 that established the New York House of Refuge, the first correctional institution for young offenders in the United States. The bill created the first statutory definition of juvenile delinquency and authorized the managers of the refuge " to receive and take into the House of Refuge... all children as shall be convicted of criminal offenses ...or committed as vagrants" if the court deems that they are p̀roper' objects." [9] The general aims of the House of Refuge, including the conceptions of " delinquents," are reflected in the following extract from the SRJD: The design of the proposed institution is, to furnish, in the first place, an asylum, in which boys under a certain age, who become subject to the notice of our police, either as vagrants, or homeless, or charged with petty crimes, may be received, judiciously classed according to their degree of depravity or innocence, put to work at such employments as will tend to encourage industry and ingenuity, taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, and most carefully instructed in the nature of their moral and religious obligations, while at the same time, they are subjected to a course of treatment, that will afford a prompt and energetic corrective of their vicious propensities, and hold out every possible inducement to reformation and good conduct. The statutes contained vague descriptions of behaviors and life styles which were synonymous with the characteristics of the urban poor (especially Irish immigrants). Being homeless, begging, vagrancy, and coming from an " unfit" home (as defined from a middle-class view point) are examples. The legislation that was passed also established specific procedures for identifying the proper subjects for intervention and the means for the legal handling of cases. According to law, the state, or a representative agency or individual, could intervene in the life of a child if it was determined that he or she needed " care and treatment," the definition of which was left entirely in the hands of the agency or individual who intervened. Immigrants received the brunt of enforcement of these laws, especially children of Irish parents. Pickett notes that a house of refuge superintendent accounted for a boy's delinquency because " the l


Black carbon material was produced by charring the rice straw under the different temperatures(350℃,600℃ and 850℃,respectively) and was mixed with soil,and incubated for 112 days at 15℃ and 25℃.The results indicated that soil CO2 releasing rates under different treatments were more quick at the earlier stage of incubation,and became slower in the later phase.Soil CO2 releasing rates at 15℃ and 25℃ were decreased with incubation time,and the relative CO2 releasing rates were increased with incubation temperature.Under the same temperature,the accumulation amount of soil CO2-C changed with the following order of 350℃600℃850℃.Soil organic carbon mineralization rates had significant differences due to black carbon application,indicating that black carbon derived from different thermal temperatures had markedly influenced the mineralization of soil organic carbon.


The highly conserved Argonaute protein family members play a central role in the regulation of gene expression networks, orchestrating the establishment and the maintenance of cell identity throughout the entire life cycle, as well as in several human disorders, including cancers. Four functional Argonaute proteins (AGO1–4), with high structure similarity, have been described in humans and mice. Interestingly, only AGO2 is robustly expressed during human and mouse early development, in contrast to the other AGOs. Consequently, AGO2 is indispensable for early development in vivo and in vitro. Here, we review the roles of Argonaute proteins during early development by focusing on the interplay between specific domains of the protein and their function. Moreover, we report recent works highlighting the importance of AGO posttranslational modifications in cancer.


Finding the center of rotation is an essential step for accurate 3-D reconstruction in optical projection tomography. Unfortunately, current methods are not convenient since they require either prior scanning of a reference phantom, small structures of high intensity existing in the specimen, or active participation during the centering procedure. To solve these problems this paper proposes a fast and automatic center of rotation search method making use of parallel programming in graphics processing units. Our method is based on a two step search approach making use only of those sections of the image with high signal-to-noise ratio. We have tested this method both in nonscattering ex vivo samples and in in vivo specimens with a considerable contribution of scattering such as Drosophila melanogaster pupae, recovering in all cases the center of rotation with a precision 1/4 pixel or less.


Copolymerizations of N-vinylcarbazole with both isobutyl vinyl ether and N-vinyl-pyrrolidone initiated by some organic electron acceptors have been investigated for the purpose of elucidating the propagation mechanism in the charge-transfer polymerization. Copolymerizations of the same system catalyzed by authentic cationic catalysts have also been made for comparison. The results indicate that the propagation mechanism of the charge-transfer polymerization studied is catio ie.


Implementation of a feedback control scheme and its associated user interface and data acquisition modules in a distributed real time computing environment are described. The distributed system consists of an ethernet network interconnecting real time processor modules to host workstations and other embedded controllers. The goal of the feedback control scheme is to maintain positions of the electron beam in the middle of the vacuum chamber in the presence of electromagnetic interference and noise. Technical details of implementing the data acquisition and control scheme and their integration with the existing control system modules are presented, along with experimental results.


The study fits the elemental abundances observed in MS and S giants using self-consistent models of nucleosynthesis and dredge-up for the TP-AGB evolutionary phases of low-mass stars. The initial envelope abundances of C-12, C-13, and N-14 are taken from observations of red giants that experienced the first dredge-up and are not yet on the AGB. It is found that the observed abundances of MS and S stars are readily explained by TP-AGB models of low-mass stars in which neutrons are released by the C-13(alpha, n)O-16 neutron source and in which the effects of mass loss and mixing due to envelope penetration are taken into account. The observed distributions of s-elements alone do not suffice to derive the neutron exposure in the He-shell, because the observed distributions are strongly affected also by how and when the third dredge-up occurs. The relative roles of mixing and of nucleosynthesis may be estimated by requiring the models to reproduce the abundances of C as well as of the s-elements. It is shown that single Tc-poor S star may exist, if the dredge-up phenomenon occurs rarely enough to allow Tc to decay between successive mixing episodes. 72 refs.


In this paper, Aluminum Metal Matrix Nano Composites (Al6061/CNT) are prepared using ultrasonic stir casting furnace by reinforcing different percentages of CNT 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% with the base material Aluminum Alloy 6061. The effects of different reinforcements on mechanical properties and internal structure of Aluminum Metal Matrix Nano Composites (AMMNCs) are studied. SEM Analysis of AMMNCs revealed the uniform distribution of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) in the Al6061 alloy. The considerable increase of Hardness and compressive strength at 0.3 wt.% and tensile strength at 0.6 wt.% are observed.


The tactical missile autopilot design process is detailed from a backstepping control perspective. Wherein, two autopilot topologies are proposed, i.e. the angle of attack (AOA) autopilot and acceleration autopilot. The nonlinear missile longitudinal dynamics is dealt with firstly to meet the strict feedback form. Control parameters of AOA autopilot are introduced in turn and required to be positive real numbers during the recursive process, however, act with some combination form in the final law. Thus a set of new parameters is presented to simplify the expression and disclose the conservatism of the aforementioned autopilot design. The results show that the positive real requirement on AOA autopilot parameters during step by step design has an unfavorable effect on closed loop system performance. An acceleration autopilot as a tracking problem is then set up and developed. On the one hand, the derivative of measured acceleration containing much noise is included in the law, which is thus not benefit to practical implementation. On the other hand, it's hard to transform the design parameters in the control formula into a compact form similar to the case of AOA autopilot. Two control gains, i.e. k1 and k2, are determined on the basis of step and sine command tracking. The results show that k1 affects mainly system steady state error, and k2 affects mainly response speed. Moreover, k1 is bounded and its upper bound has less relevance with k2. Compared with the traditional linear three-loop acceleration topology, the nonlinear acceleration autopilot based on a backstepping approach exhibits excellent tracking performance and robustness. In spite of good performance, the application of nonlinear autopilot is limited owing to a lack of physical meaning and complex engineering implementation. Actually, the exact mathematical model including aerodynamics and unconventional control strategy of an advanced missile could hardly be obtained from wind tunnel testing data or software simulation. Both linear and nonlinear autopilots could stabilize a static unstable missile. Through the control usage analysis, it can be concluded that actuator resource is the crucial factor in controlling a static unstable missile12.


In statistical analyses of life data, the Bayesian approach regards parameters of the underlying life distribution as random variables to cope with the uncertainty included in estimates of these parameters as well as to make use of the prior information. The Bayesian method also enables us to deal with the reliability of a product or a part as a random variable since the reliability is expressed as a function of the parameters. This indicates that the reliability can be guaranteed to be larger than a specified value in terms of probability by adopting the Bayesian method.Based on this idea, the present study considers a method for analyzing fatigue life data which usually include censored data, assuming a log-normal distribution as the underlying life distribution. The proposed method provides an estimate for the fatigue life whose reliability can be guaranteed to be larger than a specified value with specified probability. Numerical examples are also examined to clarify the characteristics of the proposed method and to show its effectiveness. Through the examination of numerical examples, it is verified that the proposed method provides conservative estimates for both complete data and censored data. It is also shown that the proposed method considerably reflects the specified guarantee probability for complete data, but guarantees the reliability with larger probability than the specified for censored data.


Background: The prevalence of myopia is growing worldwide, and myopia is becoming a major epidemiological problem. A higher prevalence of myopia has been observed in people with diabetes compared with people without diabetes and poorer glycaemic control considered to be a risk factor. Aim of Study: To determine the relation between High Myopia and Diabetic Retinopathy and to detect whether high Myopes are self-protected against diabetic changes and diabetic retinopathy or not. Patients and Methods: The study included 140 eyes from 96 diabetic patients recruited from National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology in the Ophthalmic Clinic. They were classified according to the refractive status into four groups: Emmetropia (0.00 to –0.50 {DS}), Low Myopia (–0.50 DS to –3.0 DS), Moderate Myopia (3.00 DS to –5.00 DS) and High Myopia (more than –5.00 DS). High myopia (70 eyes of 41 patients), moderate myopia (10 eyes of 7 patients), low myopia (39 eyes of 29 patients) and emmetropia (21 eyes of 19 patients). Results: Total male patients represent 52.08% and females 46.92% in our study. There were statistically significant difference between groups as regard mean of refraction. Mean of refraction represented by Spherical equivalent among groups (Emmetrope, high myope, mild myope and moderate myope) was (2.08±0.495, 14.94±3.73, 3.23±0.642, 5.505±0.41) respectively. From our results the frequency of NPDR totally was 70 eyes (50%) and no DR was 70 eyes (50%). All high myopic eyes (70 eyes) showed no DR and all eyes of other groups which are totally (70 eyes) showed DR with its different grades. All high myopic eyes (70 eyes of 41 patients) had no DR in their fundus photograph while (low myopic, moderate myopic eyes and emmetropic eyes (39, 10, 21 eyes) respectively showed DR with its different grades: Low myopic eyes (39 eyes of 29 patients) showed moderate NPDR, the moderate myopic eyes (10 eyes of 7 patients) showed mild NPDR and the emmetropic eyes (21 eyes of 19 patients) showed severe NPDR. There were statistically significant difference between groups as regard severity of diabetes in which p-value <0.005. From our results as the degree of myopia increases the severity of DR decreases. Correspondence to: Dr. Kamar G.E. Shams, E-Mail: email@example.com Conclusion: There is a protective role for high myopia against DR.


Present review is the description of a journey that originates from Virchows' cell theory and terminates with the role of molecular switches in cell death recently proposed by Orrenius. Landmark discoveries made, in between, to characterize regulated as well as accidental cell death have also been documented. It embraces the studies that were made in early nineties to understand cellular homeostasis in health and disease. Furthermore, the effects of foreign chemicals on different cell types witnessed in late nineties have been classified into necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy etc. Since it is important to know how a cell dies, studies made in our own and other laboratories on the role of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, redox imbalance, mitochondrial and ER stress in cell death have also been reviewed. Possibility of a cross talk amongst these mechanisms has also been examined. It discusses the impact of wonder molecules like CYP450, GSH, metallothionein and melatonin together with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants on cell death. Understanding the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms activated by a variety of environmental xenobiotics is fundamental for human health risk assessment. It is expected that the contents of this article will answer the fundamental question- why and how cells die.


By absorbing the cream of "Taoist theory" and "vital essence" of the school of Huang Emperor and Laotze to enrich the theoretical system of the Ways of Heaven,adopting the essence of "letting things take their own course" of it to complement the insufficiency of "ways of government" of Confucianism,taking in "the ways of keeping healthy" of it to enrich "the ways of life" in Confucianism,and mastering the theory of "yin and yang" and "precedence" to prove his theory of the "Three Cardinal Guides" in ethics,Dong Zhongshu successfully reformed and transformed Confucianism of the pre-Qin period and turned the Confucianism of the pre-Qin period into the doctrine of officials that is dominant in the Feudalist society,and then into the ideology of the ruling class.


This paper presents a unique approach for fault classification and fault location estimation in a series compensated power transmission network. The method uses Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (OSELM) neural network in conjunction with determinant function for classification and location of faults. In this technique current, voltage and power phasor values are measured for half cycle duration from fault inception at the relaying end of the faulted transmission line. The determinant function is used to extract fault features. Optimal fault feature set is selected using sequential forward selection (SFS) method. The selected features are fed as input to OSELM for fault classification and fault location estimation. The proposed method is extensively tested in various types of fault scenarios in a three machine nine bus power transmission network with series compensation simulated in DigSilent Power factory. The results prove that the proposed scheme is highly accurate and fast in fault classification and fault location estimation.


An antigen from the isolated propagated, and purified oocysts of Cryptosporidium bai/ey was prepared. To evaluate the serologic prevalence of Cryptosporidium in broiler flocks in Shiraz area a Cryptosporidiumspecific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent as say (ELISA) was developed by using the antigen. Both the sensitivity and specifity of the ELISA was compared with an indirect immunofluorescent (HF) test using the purified oocysts of the isolated C. bai/eyi as antigen. 125 out of 1522 (8.2%) serum samples from 26 broiler flocks were positive against Crytosporidium. Upon the result, previous reports on faecal shedding of Cryplosporidium in poultry farms was confirmed and C. bai/eyi can be added to the list ofrespiratory pathogens in Iran poultry industry.


Supplemental material, 20191118_MDMPP_Malaria_Tech_APPENDIX_FINAL.rjf_online_supp for Exploring the Use of a General Equilibrium Method to Assess the Value of a Malaria Vaccine: An Application to Ghana by Erez Yerushalmi, Priscillia Hunt, Stijn Hoorens, Christophe Sauboin and Richard Smith in MDM Policy & Practice


A cationic surfactant didecylmethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride(DMHAC10) was synthesized from didecylmethylamine(DMA10),hydrochloric acid and ethylene oxide(EO).The optimized reaction conditions were:m(isopropyl alcohol)∶m(water)=1∶1,n(DMA10)∶n(hydrochloric acid)∶n(EO)=1∶1.05∶1.2,reaction temperature 70 ℃ and reaction time 60 min.Structure of the product was characterized by 1HNMR,IR and elementary analysis.When the concentration of DMHAC10 was 100 mg/L and the killing time was 10 min,the killing ratios of staphylococcus aureus(ATCC-6538) and escherichia coli(ATCC-8099) were 99.4% and 99.6% respectively.


driving behavior exerts great influence on fuel consumption,which is necessary to vehicle energy-saving to normalize driving behavior and realize energy-saving driving.Starting with the analysis of typical running conditions vehicle fuel consumption model in different running condition,computation model of vehicle energy-saving motion for mimimizing enengy consumption is built according to vehicle fuel consumption model in different running condition.Based on model prediction and neural network theory,the method of online optimization for fuel consumption,predictive control and feedback correction is put forward,and a real time control model for vehicle energy-saving driving is constructed.Meatime,the basic frame of virtual experiment platform and real vehicle tests shows for vehicle energy-saving driving is described to evaluate,tesitify and improve the real time control model for vehicle energy-saving driving.


In this thesis, failure of bi-material interfaces is studied with the aim to quantify the influence of the induced stress concentrations on the strength of the interfaces. Following a short introduction, supplying background information about inserts and load introduction in foam core sandwich panels, a tool for the assesment of bi-material interface strength is suggested. In paper A the suggested approach is applied to a specimen configuration where two different materials are butt-joined to form a two-material beam. Strength predictions for different interface bias are made and verified in experiments where a polymer foam material is joined with members of either Aluminium or Plexiglas. The predictions are made using a simple point-stress criterion in combination with highly accurate finite element calculations. Both the strength and the crossover from local, jointinduced failure to global failure are predicted with reasonable accuracy. In paper B the suggested criterion is used to investigate the influence of local stress concentrations on the initiation of fracture at open and closed wedge bi-material interfaces. For that purpose, solid aluminium inserts of different geometries are bonded in blocks of polymeric cellular foam material, giving 3D bi-material interface configurations with various edge combinations. The joint combinations are analysed numerically and the strength predictions obtained from the point-stress criterion are verified in experiments. On The Strength of Bi-Material Interfaces v


Abstract Objective We investigated the effectiveness of graded exercise therapy (GET) delivered to patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) in a routine, specialist clinic by measuring patient-reported outcome data collected prospectively over several timepoints alongside therapy. Benchmarking analyses were used to compare our results with those found in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Data were collected from patients, with a diagnosis of CFS/ME, who had been referred to a specialist clinical service in South London. Measures included Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, Physical Functioning Subscale of the Short-Form Health Questionnaire, and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. Change on each measure was calculated over time using linear mixed-model analyses. Within group effect sizes were calculated and compared with previous RCTs. Results Fatigue scores were significantly reduced by session 4 (–5.18, 95%CIs −7.90, −2.45) and at follow-up (–4.73, 95%CIs −7.60, −1.85). Work and social adjustment and physical functioning progressively improved over the course of therapy, reaching significance at discharge and maintained at follow-up (WSAS −4.97, 95%CIs −7.97, −1.97; SF-36 10.75, 95%CIs 2.19, 19.31). Conclusions GET is an effective treatment for CFS/ME within clinical practice. However, effect sizes were smaller in routine clinical practice than RCTs suggesting that avenues for augmentation need to be considered. Implications for rehabilitation It is important to assess whether patient reported outcomes of treatments that have been evaluated in the context of clinical trials are similar in routine clinical practice. This study shows fatigue severity, physical functioning, and work and social adjustment can significantly improve after graded exercise therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome within a specialist service. Benchmarking methods showed clinical outcomes obtained smaller effect sizes than randomised controlled trials – techniques to maximise patient outcomes should be considered.


Summary Haemostatic blood platelet plugs were provoked by transection of arterioles and venules in the exposed rabbit mesentery, immersed in Zweifach's solution at 38° C. 1. Platelets from the blood stream adhered to the perivascular connective tissue as a capsule. 2. The plugs consisted almost entirely of platelets, with sparse admixture of erythrocytes. 3. The majority of the platelets were more or less homogeneous already after 45 seconds, but even platelets with fairly good preservation of inner structure were present. In most instances platelet membranes were intact. 4. The platelets were in close contact with each other, both before haemostasis and after, the distance between the platelet membranes being 200—400 Å. Numerous pseudopods filled in the gaps between neighbouring platelets. The term "viscous metamorphosis" is discussed and criticised from an ultrastructural point of view. 5. Fibrin was found at the surface of the plugs and occasionally close to the surface, but never in the interior. This lends no support to the belief that fibrin plays a mechanical role as a framework within the plug.


Throughout the analysis of field data from water distribution system, valid parameters were determined that can be included in the water service and design plan. This study investigates water consumption patterns to understand the variation of water-demand structures utilizing the pattern analysis of domestic purpose water. Water use data were collected by a public water resources management firm in Korea, Kwater, for 140 houses monitored during three years. Flow meters were installed at the faucet for drinking water, the shower booth, the laundry machine, bathroom sink, toilet, and garden faucet. Data was filtered using multiple physically meaningful criteria to improve analysis credibility. MannKendall and Spearman's Rho tests were used to carry out the analysis. Distinct factors of water consumption patterns can be determined for both increasing and decreasing trends of water use. Throughout the data analysis, the characterization of terms was classified and analyzed by the condition of the location of water-demand. Analysis of this data provide a physical basis for the parameter configuration of a reasonable design for a domestic waterdemand prediction model.


In the case of the small, plastic anti-personnel mine detection is generally far from certain-as is evidenced by the current research into developing improved detectors able to cope with many variables. In a properly-designed trial to assess the performance of a candidate detection system, trials would be mounted in which each class of mine was deployed in a representative and defined manner in a representative and specified environment. The detection system would then be swept over the area containing the mines in the recommended manner and the numbers of failed detections and false alarms recorded. The probabilities of detection and false alarm can then be derived from these results. It is the purpose of this paper to establish the sizes of such trials required to obtain assessments that can be believed with confidence.


Perpendicular electron cyclotron emission (PECE) from the electron cyclotron resonant heating of hot electrons in TMX‐U is measured at 30–40 and 50–75 GHz. This emission is optically thin and is measured at the midplane, fce≂14 GHz, in either end cell. In the west end cell, the emission can be measured at different axial positions thus yielding the temporal history of the hot electron axial profile. These profiles are in excellent agreement with the axial diamagnetic signals. In addition, the PECE signal level correlates well with the diamagnetic signal over a wide range of hot electron densities. Preliminary results from theoretical modeling and comparisons with other diagnostics are also presented.


Abstract A new family of asymmetric 2UPU+X parallel manipulators is proposed. It includes two identical UPU-type active legs and one X-type active leg which may be various five-degree-of-freedom serial mechanisms. First, their common kinematic characteristics and singularity are analysed, and some common formulae for analysing inverse-forward kinematics, solving active/constrained force transformation matrix and active/constrained forces, are derived. Second, three asymmetric 3-UPU, 2UPU + SPR, and 2UPU + RPRU parallel manipulators are created, their kinematics and singularity are analysed, and their active/constrained forces are solved.


A short note regarding the use of a commercial melting point tube as a fine capillary bubbler for micro-boiling-point determination.


Research on the relationship between the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder diagnoses for preschool children is scarce. Cluster analysis can be useful for investigating characteristics of a clinical group by using CBCL subscales and classifying subtypes of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder diagnosis group. This study conducted a cluster analysis of the CBCL 1.5–5 for preschool children diagnosed with a mental disorder. Participants were 333 children (255 males and 78 females) aged 1.5 to 5 years who were diagnosed with a mental disorder. The CBCL 1.5–5 and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II were used as assessment instruments. Three clusters were extracted and then compared with CBCL 1.5–5 profiles of each Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder-5 subject group to determine their clusters. Cluster 1 was named "intellectual disorder cluster." Cluster 2 was referred to as "other mental disorders cluster," and Cluster 3 was called "autism spectrum disorder cluster." When differences in profiles of behavior problems distinguished by CBCL 1.5–5 scales were examined among different clusters, discriminant validity was found to be high.


The analysis of propagation characteristics of TE waveguiding in linear/self-focusing nonlinear/self-focusing nonlinear, three-layer slab waveguide with a symmetric linear dielectric distribution is presented. In this analysis, the electric field inside the film is expressed in terms of Jacobi's cn function with a constant amplitude, and the equation to determine the transverse wavenumber inside the film is derived by considering the relation between this amplitude and the electric field on both sides of the film.

By introducing the maximum optical power density divided by the dielectric constant difference between the film and the substrate as a measure for nonlinearity, this equation contains only three parameters (nonlinearity parameter, normalized thickness and relative nonlinear coefficient difference).

By changing the values of these parameters and restricting the numerical calculation for TEo modes, the number of TEo modes with its peaks in the substrate or in the film or at the boundary between the film and the substrate is examined. These results are illustrated in a plane in which we take the normalized thickness along the vertical axis and nonlinearity parameter along the horizontal axis.

Moreover, it is shown that for the waveguide with nonlinear coefficient of the substrate greater than the film, there is a possibility of existence of TEo mode for which the values of the normalized guide index and the change of the electric field profile are discontinuous for the change of the nonlinearity parameter.


Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a great honor to talk at the closing ceremony of the Third International Conference on Electrical Injury and Safety. This is the first international conference on electrical burns held in China. The conference has offered a forum for free exchange of academic scientific knowledge and clinical experience in diagnosis and treatment in the field of electrical injury. The incidence of electrical burns has been increasing due to the growing use of electricity in both industrial production and domestic activity. The typical characteristics of electrical injury have been determined with regard to basic mechanisms and outcomes. Researchers and clinicians have done nice work and have made a lot of progress in this field. The victims of electrical injury suffer from both physical damage and psychological problems. Some of them may lose their life due to either the injury itself or the fatal complications. The survivors often suffer from disability and psychological disorders for the rest of their life. Vigorous early reconstruction and systemic treatment should be instituted in order to save as many lives as possible. Local management, particularly surgical operations using various techniques, has been adopted with great success. A significant lowering of mortality and amputation rates has been achieved, indicating the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. For example, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are being used now for the differentiation of tissue viability, various types of skin flaps and myocutaneous flaps make wound repair and reconstruction more effective, and a nickel-titanium memory alloy spiral tube has been used in treating tracheal stricture due to overgrowth of granulation tissue, etc. Advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic measures has led to better recovery of the electrical burn patients. However, more work should be done in order to obtain further improvement of the therapeutic outcome. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and psychological care are important in postelectrical burn rehabilitation. However, efforts should be made as early as possible in the acute care to provide for better functional recovery. More work has been carried out in the West in the social follow-up study of electrical burn survivors, which signifies that the purpose of clinical treatment is not only saving lives, but also improving postinjury life quality. Team research with multidisciplinary collaboration, including the fields of biophysics, biomedical engineering, biomechanics, electrical engineering, and tissue repair, as well as gene therapy, has given us more encouragement for our future work. Studies on cell membrane electroporation, cell orientation, and membrane permeability have demonstrated their potential in assessing the magnitude of tissue destruction due to electrical injury. We


Compared to test or simulation, formal verification poses an attractive way by either guaranteeing the correctness of the system or generating a counter example to indicate the violation. However, due to state explosion, the power of formal verification is usually restricted to trivial systems. This project is motivated by two observations of Networked Embedded Systems: a) due to limited physical resources, device's behavior is simple and is implemented in elegant codes, and b) usually all devices are the same, i.e., the system is highly symmetric. These yield two advantages while adopting formal verification: a) a concise formal model may be achieved and b)symmetry reduction may be applied. Both alleviate state explosion problem. In this manner, large-scale system may be verifiable.


There are some who maintain that "impedance ... is only defined in the steady state; impedance has no meaning in time dependent systems..." [1]. However, it is intuitively evident that if the system changes slowly enough that the key variables describing the system (potential, coverages, concentration) do not significantly change in the time to measure a spectrum, then EIS measurements can be made. The combination of EIS with slow voltammetry can combine the EIS advantages of richness and quantitative data analysis with the CV advantages of separating out component electrochemical processes, and accessing surface conditions that are not found at true steady state.


The open-source Python package Gammapy, developed for the high-level analysis of gamma-ray data, requires gamma-like event lists combined with the corresponding instrument response functions. For a morphological analysis, these data have to include a background acceptance model. Here we report an approach to generate such a model for the MAGIC telescope data, accounting for the azimuth and zenith dependencies of the MAGIC background acceptance. We validate this method using observations of the Crab Nebula with different offsets from the pointing position.


Currency participation in ERM II is conditional on the introduction of the fixed exchange rate regime. A fixed exchange rate is more at risk from a currency crisis than a flexible exchange rate. These concerns are also expressed in the official strategy for the introduction of euro in the Czech Republic. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the risk of a currency crisis using two methodological approaches. First, from the empirical perspective. In the history of ERM II, no currency has been affected by such currency crisis. Second, from the theoretical perspective. A currency crisis in ERM II can be explained by second-generation models that do not take into account for the fundamental causes of investor distrust and emphasize the importance of devaluation expectations. We have defined five specific risks associated with entry into ERM II which could be the cause of devaluation expectations. We have also explained three reasons why the central bank will try to maintain a fixed exchange rate in ERM II. This will weaken devaluation expectations. These specific risks, leading to devaluation expectations, and these reasons for weakening devaluation expectations, are applied to the second-generation model (we have modified this model according to ERM II conditions). We have concluded that concerns over a currency crisis from participation in ERM II are unfounded.


identified novel diagnostic AABs Results When comparing 156 SLE patients with 203 control samples, the area under the curve (AUC) of the five novel SLE ELISAs ranged from 0.63 to 0.75. A cut-off was set at a specificity of 95% and yielded a sensitivity ranging from 13.5% to 21.2% for the five novel assays. The sensitivity and specificity of new ELISAs was comparable to traditional ELISAs, which was in this cohort for anti-dsDNA 35% and 97%, anti-Sm 15% and 97%, and anti-RiboP 26% and 97%. A logistic regression model was used to combine the results of multiple tests. Compared to a logistic regression with traditional assays, a logistic regression with novel markers achieved higher sensitivity by pertaining high specificity. The logistic regression model based on a multimarker IVD assay with ten extracted nuclear antigens (ENA) yielded an AUC of 0.87 and a sensitivity of 58% at a specificity of 95%. By contrast, the optimal combination of traditional and novel ELISAs reached an AUC of 0.92 and a sensitivity of 75% at a specificity of 95%. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of combin-ing test results of novel and traditional AABs using logistic regression to increase the diagnostic accuracy for SLE. Further studies are required to assess the impact of different ethnic-ities on marker selection and algorithm performance.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the entrepreneurial environment of selected countries, and analyze and rank them on the basis of entrepreneurship related indicators. This study's design comprises a review of the literature, extraction of secondary data on the phenomenon, and analysis. The research gap has been established through a review of the literature, leading toward the development of problem statement. The cross-sectional data, related to entrepreneurship indicators, is extracted from website of World Development Indicators (2021) for 48 selected countries. Using positivism as a research philosophy and deduction as a research approach, the data are analyzed through grey relational analysis (GRA). On the basis of grey relational grades, this study also classified the countries on the continuum of "much better" to "worse." The results of the study show that the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, France and Canada attained the highest grey relational grades and are considered the countries having much better entrepreneurial environment; whereas Poland, Kuwait, Namibia and so on attained the lowest grey relational grades and are considered the countries having worst entrepreneurial environment. This research has several practical implications for different economies/countries, entrepreneurial ventures, aspiring entrepreneurial, and researchers. On the basis of findings of this study, policy makers should refine country-level entrepreneurial policies while keeping in view the respective grey relational grades.


This study examined what rights transit authorities have in ejecting or excluding persons who constitute a danger or annoyance to other passengers and the due process rights that members of the traveling public have in the use of transit. The report discusses (1) responses by transit agencies to a survey on policies and procedures; (2) what the transit authority's obligations are to serve the public; (3) whether there is a constitutional right to travel via transit; (4) when restrictions on the use of transit facilities may implicate the First Amendment's rights of free speech and assembly; (5) what the transit authority's lawful responses are when there is suspicious activity or security threats; (6) what the transit authority's lawful responses are when there is unruly behavior or the presence of sex offenders in the transit system; (7) what the transit authority's obligations are regarding a transit user's service animal; (8) what the transit authority's potential liability is under the civil rights laws for a violation by the transit authority of a user's constitutional rights; (9) the standard of judicial review, i.e., level of scrutiny, that the courts would apply to transit regulations or policies that provide for the temporary or permanent suspension of transit users from the system; (10) whether the transit authority should have specific and clearly defined procedures in place concerning the barring of transit users; and (11) if a transit user is refused or suspended or barred from using transit facilities, what procedures would satisfy due process.


Public health restrictions on in-person gatherings due to the global COVID-19 pandemic have shifted many courses to an online platform that were previously not considered appropriate candidates for distance education. This paper focuses on the shift of a third-year biological and agricultural engineering thermodynamics course that in the past was taught in-person with two lectures and one lab/recitation session per week. In response to the pandemic, the course was delivered via two asynchronous lectures and one required synchronous lab/recitation each week. Both pre- and post-COVID courses consisted of online homework, weekly worksheet assignments, four total exams, and a semester-long humanitarian engineering team project. Student perceptions were evaluated using end-of-semester course evaluation comments and a Likert-style survey based on the Survey of Attitudes Towards Statistics that was modified by replacing "statistics" with "thermodynamics" in the survey's questions. The results from these different methods were triangulated in order to better understand the effect of transitioning this thermodynamics course to a wholly online delivery mode and to inform future curricular innovations with the goal of enhancing student success. © American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, ASABE 2021. All Rights Reserved.


This study aims to develop a model of teaching physical education using multiple intelligences approach and its influence on the development of society and the environment. Using research methods development research and experimental comparison group design. The population is kindergarten in town, Blitar, Malang, Batu, Malang regency, consisting of 36 preschool, kindergarten as many as 12 samples taken in 3 cities, namely Malang, Blitar stones and as many as 240 people, a path analysis using ANOVA (one way ANOVA) , the F-test at significance level of I± = 0.05 level. Results, the model of physical education with a model of multiple intelligences approach to the game and play smart relay circuit cheerful, and its influence on social development and the environment with Fhit. = 60 636> F = 3,871.


Virtual archaeology or re-creating ancient worlds digitally is not a new item. While the virtual reconstructions of Cahokia on the Mississippi or the Royal Cemetery at Ur in Iraq have provided us with glimpses of how those ancient sites might have looked, the 'quality' of the digital end product has been lacking. This is because virtual archaeology is in its infant stages. This paper makes the point that in order to truly develop the bases of a new cognitive science, virtual archaeology has to incorporate a willingness to achieve higher digital modeling and rendering qualities. In other words, our ability to explore, to interpret and to appropriately use digital tools needs to aspire to greater and more penetrating abilities to reconstruct the past. This paper presents the case of the digital reconstruction of the Aztec Temple Square. This is a unique project because, unlike other sites in antiquity where there is a substantial amount of archaeological evidence, the Aztec site contains little or almost no evidence. Most of what we know of the case comes from Indian manuscripts and Spanish chronicles.


The nano core-shell can be generated in a proper liquid medium under controlled laser ablation condition. In this work, the formation of core-shell structure by laser ablation of two different targets was modeled based on the Smoluchowski approach. In this model, the movement and aggregation of the ablated fragments ejected from the targets were investigated based on Brownian motion, hydrodynamics considerations and coulomb's interactions. The nano core-shell could be generated in the water under controlled exposure conditions using Q-SW Nd:YAG laser shots at 1064 nm. This work addresses a simple numerical modeling of the formation of core-shell nanoparticles in water by laser ablation. The late stage of nanoparticle formation by collisional aggregation was considered avoiding hydrodynamic calculations. Each collision is assumed to be effective in aggregate formation. The rate constants are simply expressed through the diffusion coefficient depending on the temperature and viscosity of the liquid and the aggregation time was estimated. Moreover, Smoluchowski approach was used to describe the step between laser ablation and nano core-shell creation. This proves to be a suitable method for modeling of nanoparticle formation in liquid by laser ablation. The model could be applied to both the nanoparticle and the core-shell formation; however the latter is emphasized here. At first, the gold target was irradiated in water to generate nano particles. Then, the silver target was immersed into water-gold suspension. It was irradiated by multiple laser shots subsequently. The nano core-shells (Ag-Au) are created in the water having 30-50 nm size. The formation of core-shell using laser ablation of metallic targets was modeled based on the Smoluchowski approach. The movement and aggregation of the ablated fragments ejected from the targets were investigated based on Brownian motion, hydrodynamics considerations and coulomb's interactions. For investigation of validation of the model, the results obtained by the model for the nano core – shell (Ag-Au) generation were comprised with reported experimental results. Modeling was based on the irradiation on gold target in water to generate Au nano particles. Then, the silver target was immersed into water-gold suspension. It was irradiated by multiple laser shots subsequently in the liquid medium. The predicted sizes of the nano core-shells (Ag-Au) by the model were 30-50 nm which were in good agreement with experimental reported results.


A middle-aged man was referred to assess the feasibility of endoscopic removal of a 35 mm laterally spreading lesion within the sigmoid colon. The referring endoscopist appreciated a central depression (0–IIc Paris morphology) and raised the concern for submucosal invasive cancer.

Using an Olympus 190 series high-definition colonoscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), the lesion was carefully examined under white light and narrow-band imaging (NBI) (figure 1A). The central aspect of the …


On the night of November 23, 1976, an unusually diverse audience arrived at the City Auditorium in Jackson, Mississippi for a much-anticipated premiere. Commissioned by local black opera company Opera/ South to celebrate the US Bicentennial, Jubilee was the work of a white librettist, Opera/South director Donald Dorr (1934–2011), and an African American composer, Ulysses Kay (1917–95). Dorr had based the opera's narrative on a 1966 novel of the same name by Jackson author Margaret Walker (1915–98), which depicted her great-grandmother's experience of slavery, lynching, emancipation, and Reconstruction.1 In contrast to previous Opera/South performances, which had involved only black soloists, Jubilee called for a diverse cast. The 2,460 audience members present that night watched as both black and white professional leads took the stage, as well as three choruses of students drawn from historically black Jackson State University and Utica College and from the historically white Millsaps College.2 For a city that had witnessed some of the United States' worst race-related violence and for a nation trying to find a way to move beyond recent social, political, and economic turmoil, this operatic examination of slavery offered a much-needed demonstration of the possibilities of interracial collaboration and reconciliation.


The current study is set out to present aspect of interpersonal meaning, into the discourse of sports and to explore the production of stance in sport press how patterns of stance are conveyed in such confere nc s grammatical stance markers used by interlocutors in the chosen to achieve what is known as the stance triangle sections. The first section provides the theoretica l fr mework of the study. It tackles corpus linguistics, stance of the study (Appraisal Theory dedicated to the practical analysis of the three ch osen soc illustrates the numbers, percentages and instances of stance conclusions.


Obesity is a chronic disease that may be related to caries, periodontitis, xerostomia, and dental erosion, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque index (Silness & Löe, 1964), the gingival index (Löe & Silness, 1963), and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in obese patients. The study included 45 extremely obese, 45 obese, and 45 normal-weight individuals between the ages of 18 and 58. The plaque index and gingival index of the individuals were determined by clinical examination by probing. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used for the OHRQoL. The IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 software program was used for the statistical evaluation of the study data. The plaque index and gingival index values were statistically higher in obese compared to normal weight individuals (p<0.05). Both plaque index and gingival index values were not statistically significant between the extremely obese and control groups (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the OHIP-14 total scores of the groups (p>0.05). Increased apparent plaque index and gingival index values in obese patients may adversely affect periodontal health.


Unfractionated transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) from a uracil requiring auxatrophe of Salmonella typhimurium grown in the presence of 90% C-4 carbon-13 labeled uracil is studied by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (/sup 13/C NMR). Chemical-shift spectra were obtained at 23.5 kG at five temperatures over a range of 23 to 82 /sup 0/C and at 84.6 kG at 37/sup 0/C. Spin-lattice relaxation rates were measured at 23.5 kG at four temperatures over a range of 23 to 60/sup 0/C and an approximate relaxation rate was measured at 84.6 kG at 37/sup 0/C. Nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs) were measured at 23.5 kG at 37 and at 60/sup 0/C. The spectra show two distinct, narrow lines, one at 189.3 ppM readily assignable to 4-thiouridine and the other at 173.7 ppM previously assigned to dihydrouridine. The uridine lines along with lines belonging to ribothymidine and pseudouridine form a band of partially resolved lines about 4.4 ppM wide and centered at 165.1 ppM. This band is the result of the chemical-shift nonequivalence of the uridines, pseudouridines, and ribothymidines caused by the secondary and tertiary structure of the molecule. The relaxation rate data are analyzed in terms of proton dipolar, nitrogen-14 dipolar, and chemical shiftmore » anisotropic relaxation mechanisms. The rotational correlation time is computed to be 3 x 10/sup -8/s, which is in agreement with the measurements of others. Changes in the relaxation rates and the NOEs as a function of temperature are discussed in terms of the unfolding of the molecule and in terms of motional freedom of the D loop compared to the rest of the molecule.« less


Based on coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) piecewise regular model of few-mode long-haul fiber optic transmission link with DWDM and Erbium amplifiers is considered. The few-mode fiber optic transmission link model takes into account the loss, dispersion, differential mode delay, nonlinearity and non-regularity. Based on mode coupling theory and Gaussian approximation modification of split-step Fourier method for the numerical simulation of the CNLSE is introduced. Examples of simulation of a few-mode long-haul fiber optic transmission link by this method are presented.


Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) is a promising technology for next generation hard disk drives with significantly increased data recording capacities. In HAMR, an optical near-field transducer (NFT) is used to concentrate laser energy on a magnetic recording medium to fulfill the heat assist function. The key components of a NFT are transducer material, cladding material, and adhesion material between the cladding and the transducer materials. Since transducer materials and cladding materials have been widely reported, this paper focuses on the adhesion materials between the Au transducer and the Al2O3 cladding material. A comparative study for two kinds of adhesion material, Ta and Cr, has been conducted. We found that Ta provides better thermal stability to the whole transducer than Cr. This is because after thermal annealing, chromium forms oxide material at interfaces and chromium atoms diffuse remarkably into the Au layer and react with Au to form Au alloy. This study also provides insights o...


review of congressional activity on education of the handicapped. 32. Doe v. Anrig, 692 F.2d 800 (1st Cir. 1982); Kruelle v. Biggs, 489 F. Supp. 169 (D. Del. 1980); Battle v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 629 F.2d 269 (3rd Cir. 1980); Crawford v. Pittman, 708 F.2d 1028 (5th Cir. 1983); Tatro v. Texas, 468 U.S. (1984); Boxall v. Sequoia Union High School Dist., 464 F. Supp. 1104 (N.D. Cal. 1979). 33. Hendrick Hudson Dist. Bd. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176 (1982). 34. John C. Pittenger and Peter Kuriloff, "Educating the Handicapped: Reforming a Radical Law," The Public Interest (Winter 1982), p. 72; Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, November 5, 1983, p. 2317. 35. This holds true even for states that refuse federal funds under the act. The Department of Education has ruled that Section 504 incorporates all regulations issued under the act. 36. Levine and Wexler, op. cit.; Pittenger and Kuriloff, op. cit.; Diane Ravitch, The Troubled Crusade. American Education 1945-1980 (New York: Basic Books, 1983), pp. 305-312. Martin eview of congressional activity on education of the handiShapiro uses the act as an example of a "new iron triangle" of agency, court, and interest group, leaving out subcommittees, in "The Presidency and the Federal Courts," in Arnold J. Meltsner (ed.), Politics and the Oval Office (Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1981). 37. "Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment," in Anthony King (ed.), The New American Political System (Washington. D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1978). 38. Lester Lave and Gilbert Omenn, Cleaning the Air: Reforming the Clean Air Act (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1981), p. 41; and Melnick, op. cit., ch. 7. 39. Richard A. Weatherley, Reforming Special Education: Policy Implementation from State Level to Street Level (Boston: MIT Press, 1972), especially pp. 124-127 and 137-140. 40. See Martin Shapiro, op. cit., and "The Constitution and Economic Rights," in M. Judd Harmon (ed.) Essays on the Constitution of the United States (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1978). 41. Greater Boston Television Corp. v. FCC, 444 F.2d at 852. l a " e iro tria gle" of , l i t s co ittees, in l s," i r old . eltsner i (I s i te or o te porary


Deep generative models have been enjoying success in modeling continuous data. However it remains challenging to capture the representations for discrete structures with formal grammars and semantics. How to generate both syntactically and semantically correct data still remains largely an open problem. Inspired by the theory of compiler where syntax and semantics check is done via syntax-directed translation (SDT), we propose a novel syntax-directed variational autoencoder (SD-VAE) by introducing stochastic lazy attributes. This approach converts the offline SDT check into on-the-fly generated guidance for constraining the decoder. Comparing to the state-of-the-art methods, our approach enforces constraints on the output space so that the output will be not only syntactically valid, but also semantically reasonable. We evaluate the proposed model with applications including reconstruction and molecule optimization. The results demonstrate the effectiveness in incorporating syntactic and semantic constraints in discrete generative models, which is significantly better than current state-of-the-art approaches.


LARGE NUMBERS of preteenage children are worried about their weight and insecure about their appearance, a new report from the RCN reveals.


23 Abstract: The paper proposes a formalized representation of technological processes and queuing network modelling (QNM) to assess the temporal characteristics that allow implementing the mechanisms of modeling and parameterization of the local environments of the individual processes; in addition, we have developed a Petri net for the compatibility of logical conditions to the technological processes implementation using an event approach; The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the work of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of theory and practice of improving the managing complex, problems in the synthesis of organizational management structures, the application of analytical and empirical methods and models based on queuing and graph theory, as well as methods of simulation and statistical modelling based on the use of modern information technology and computer science. The practical value of the work lies is the development of methods for modeling the technological processes included in the simulation system of organizational management structures and others. The developed methods and algorithms have been tested and implemented for practical use in a number of companies and are currently used in the educational process at the Moscow Automobile & Road construction State Technical University (MADI).


ABSTRACT Organophosphonates are reduced forms of phosphorous that are characterized by the presence of a stable carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond, which resists chemical hydrolysis, thermal decomposition, and photolysis. The chemically inert nature of the C-P bond has raised environmental concerns as toxic phosphonates accumulate in a number of ecosystems. Carbon-phosphorous lyase (CP lyase) is a multienzyme pathway encoded by the phn operon in gram-negative bacteria. In Escherichia coli 14 cistrons comprise the operon (phnCDEFGHIJKLMNOP) and collectively allow the internalization and degradation of phosphonates. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of the PhnH component at 1.77 Å resolution. The protein exhibits a novel fold, although local similarities with the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent transferase family of proteins are apparent. PhnH forms a dimer in solution and in the crystal structure, the interface of which is implicated in creating a potential ligand binding pocket. Our studies further suggest that PhnH may be capable of binding negatively charged cyclic compounds through interaction with strictly conserved residues. Finally, we show that PhnH is essential for C-P bond cleavage in the CP lyase pathway.


Network platform of teaching resources has the advantages of finding information quickly,with a positioning accuracy,and rich information,as the province of higher education colleges and universities teaching,Sichuan has done a lot of work in the network platform building.At the same time,some of the construction,management and application platform issues are increasingly prominent.The purpose of this survey is to understand the basic platform status of institutions of higher learning teaching resources in Sichuan Province,summary of platform building lessons and teaching resources,to explore a platform for building a sustainable development path,but also provide a reference for other colleges and universities online teaching resources platform.


Background; Liquid silicone is a synthetic polymer incorporating oxygen and the semimetallic element silicon. It is widely  used in plastic and reconstructive surgery as it displays little change in physical characteristicswith temperature and age, is poorly  immunogenic, and is not carcinogenic. Case; We report a case of a 27-year-old woman presented to the hospital with the chief complain  progressive shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, productive cough, hemoptysis and fever after liquid silicone injections to the  mammae for cosmetic augmentation. Physical examination: tachycardia, tachypneu, hypertermia and diffuse rhonchi throughout the  lungs. Abnormalities laboratory tests gave leuchositosis, granulositosis, increasing trassaminase serum, D-dimer elevation, Arterial  blood gas analysis results respiratory disstres tipe 1. Chest radiograph showed difus bilateral infiltrates, CT angiography was negative  for an acute embolus but demonstrated infiltrates in superior lobus dextra, segment lateral lobus medius dan segment apicoposterior  Sinistra. Conclusion;  Patients with diagnosis of acut pneumonitis and respiratory disstres syndroma after liquid silicone injection to  the mammae, supportive therapy with O2 Ventilator and methylprednisolon low dose gives satisfactory result with radiological and  clinical


The highest ethical value of scientific development outlook is to promote freely and self-consciously the all-round development of every one.In order to promote freely and self-consciously the all-round development of every one,it is necessary to promote the harmony between man and nature when dealing with the relationship between man and nature,which is the base of the ethical value of scientific development outlook;we should insist on fairness and justice when dealing with the interpersonal relations,which is crucial to the ethical value of scientific development outlook;we must abide by the human-centered approach when dealing with the relationship between humans and things,which is the core to the ethical value of scientific development outlook.All this aims to promote the freely and self-consciously all-round development of every one.


Virus-specific T cells in the nasal cavity might provide an immediate layer of protection against SARS-CoV-2. This study detected SARS-CoV-2–specific nasal-resident T cells in vaccinees only after infection, highlighting the significance of nasal challenge in the formation of antiviral immunity at the site of infection.


Several studies had explored compassion and resilience, however, most of these studies focused on the relationship between resilience and compassionate fatigue, or resilience and self-compassion.
This study aimed to determine the level of emerging resilience and level of compassion of pediatric emergency nurses while caring for COVID 19 pediatric patients and the correlation between Compassion level and Emerging Resilience of nurses.
Participants were 190 emergency nurses conducted in Pediatric Emergency Center COVID-19 facility. The study data were collected utilizing the questionnaire comprised of demographics, Compassionate Scale and Brief Resilience Scale.
Statistically significant difference was found between the age variable of the nurses and "common humanity" sub-scale as well as years in service and sub-scale "Indifference items". There was a significant difference between the education level of the nurses and their status of showing kindness to the patients (p < .05). When the subscales were added together, there was no significant difference between the Compassionate Scale total score and the baseline characteristics of the nurses. In terms of Brief Resilience Scale, a mean score of 3.18 (±0.47) was found that showed the resilience level of the nurses as normal. Significant difference between educational status and brief resilience scale (p<.05) was found.
The level of compassion of the nurses was "moderate" and the Resilience was "normal resilient coping." Nurses' baseline data negatively predicted the level of compassion and the emerging resilience of Pediatric Emergency Nurses. There was no correlation between the Nurses' Level of compassion with the Nurses' level of resilience.

Keywords: Compassion, Resilience, Compassion Fatigue, Child, Self-compassion, Covid-19


These studies show that the distribution and amount of litterfall under bigtree and pine canopies is such that bared areas will be well covered within a year's time. On the basis of amount of litter produced and ground covering potential, the pines are more desirable associates for bigtrees than are white fir or incense-cedar. Also, pine needles provide excellent fire-carrying fuels where prescribed burning is used to maintain low fire hazard conditions.


ABSTRACT This article examines the representation of class, gender and 'race' in contemporaneous reports in the Red Letter magazine of the content of music hall acts, and the audience reaction to that content. Although research is still ongoing it seems to indicate that, contrary to the popular trope of 'women not being funny', female comic performers were widespread, at least before the First World War.


By adding methanol in the solid residue from production of methyl carbamate(MC),the useful components in it can be further utilized to produce MC.The results show that,when the feed ratio of methanol and residues is 6:1 mass ratio and reacting at 174℃ under a maximal pressure of 1.9 MPa for 3.5 hours,the crude MC yield can be 86.39%,and the residue reuse efficiency of residues can be 69.58%.This study can be directly applied in an industrial scale.


Recent US policy aimed at eliminating prison rape demonstrates the racialized sexual relationship between imprisoned people and the state. While invoking a biopolitical concern for prisoners' safety from sexual violence, the 2003 Prison Rape Elimination Act and the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission contribute to operations of necropolitical power against prisoners in two ways: through reinforcing fantasies of sexually violent black and brown bodies and through expanding state-sanctioned sexual violence against those bodies. Prisoners live on a continuum between biopolitics and necropolitics, and racialized constructions of gender and sexuality determine how their bodies slide along the continuum. However, antiviolence advocates have too often failed to strategize against the necropolitical operations of state power, instead acting as if they are only confronting the biopolitical aspects of the state. An examination of the report issued by the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission reveals a consistent biopolitical vision of the state's relationship to sexual violence, despite the fact that the report documents numerous situations in which injuries and deaths of prisoners are being actively caused by state actions. Moving beyond the limiting framework of state benevolence, alternate advocacy paths can work to limit state involvement while promoting erotic and bodily autonomy.


It highlights the importance of human relations mediated by computers, since these relations are placed before the existence of a democratic state of law. Thus, it points out the obligations that the design of this type of construction must have, observing principles established in consumer law, such as the principles of vulnerability and information. It establishes the discussion within the democratic context by considering the construction of systems and interfaces as scalable innovations that can interfere in society as it is known. It also establishes 7 heuristics to be observed within the field of computing derived from consumer rights based on a documental analysis of legal devices, as well as a bibliographic review of scientific literature in the legal field. The research is based on other areas of knowledge, such as sociology, philosophy, laws, and computer science. It concludes by proposing softwares needs to observe the democratic logic in order to respect the legal guarantees.