There has been an economic difference between the South Italy and the North Italy for a long period of time. Compared with the North Italy, the South Italy is backward economically, which made a negative impact on the Italian society. This problem of the society was solved well by the Italian government after the second world war.


Introduction Notation, definitions and useful facts Amenable traces and stronger approximation properties Examples and special cases Finite representations Applications and connections with other areas Bibliography.


Software-based grouping of multiplexed video based on video content, as opposed to the signal generated by multiplexers, is described. The method is based on energy minimization approach. The algorithm automatically determines the amount of multiplexed camera views, and then the frames are grouped with respect to camera views. The algorithm is free of any threshold differences between camera views, and does not depend on the presence of quiet zones. The method also compensates for interference noise, local and global motion, are contrast changes.


The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the level of health knowledge of selected Fort Hays Kansas State College students with national norms, (2) the level of health knowledge of prospective elementary teachers with the health knowledge of students in secondary education, (3) the health knowledge level of students who have had a course in School Health to those without such a course, (4) the health knowledge of physical education majors to secondary non-physical education majors, (5) the level of health knowledge of students from large high schools with those from small high schools, and (6) to determine the gain in health knowledge by one semester of School Health instruction. Research Methods: The subjects used in this study were 204 Fort Hays Kansas State College seniors and 67 students enrolled in School Health at Fort Hays Kansas State College during the 1963-1964 school term. The Dearborn College Health Knowledge Test was administered to the seniors in the education teaching block. The 67 students in the School Health class were given the test at the beginning of the semester and these students were retested at the end of the semester to determine the gain in health knowledge by one semester of instruction. Test scores of the School Health classes were compared by use of the correlated t-test. The uncorrelated t-test was used to compare the test scores of the seniors taking the test in the education block. The null hypothesis was tested at the .05 level of significance. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study the following conclusions were derived. 1. There was no significant difference between the level of health knowledge of elementary students and secondary education students. 2. Fort Hays Kansas State College student's scores were significantly higher in health knowledge than the national norms. 3. There was no significant difference in the level of health knowledge of students with School Health and those without the School Health course. 4. Secondary non-physical education majors scored significantly higher in health knowledge than physical education majors. 5. There was no significant difference in the health knowledge of students from large high schools and those from small high schools. 6. There was a significant gain in health knowledge by one semester of School Health instruction.


Background. Life-threatening massive hemoptysis reuires prompt action and thoracic surgical input. Although here are a number of reports regarding each therapeutic odality for medical or surgical treatment, the significance f a multidisciplinary strategy remains undetermined. Methods. From January 1995 to December 2005, 120 atients were referred to our cardiothoracic center with assive hemoptysis. We retrospectively reviewed and ompared the outcomes of a recent 5-year period (2000 to 005) with those from the previous 5 years (1995 to 1999), s we made major changes in our practice in 2000. We urrently try to avoid surgery within 48 hours after onset f active hemoptysis and adopt bronchial artery emboliation as a first-line therapy. Treatment decisions are ade after discussions among intensive care unit physiians, thoracic surgeons, and interventional radiologists. Results. The former group had 49 patients (57.9 14.1 years ld, 41 males), and the recent group, 71 (62.2 23.5 years old,


Interlayer cooling is an effective way of barrel cooling,and the analysis on cooling characteristics is conducted under continuous firing.Taking a certain kind of rapid-fire gun as the research object,the FLOTRAN module of ANSYS software was used to analyze the heat transfer of the interlayer cooling based on fluid-solid coupling method.Compared with air cooling,interlayer cooling can reduce the cooling time greatly so that the time interval of cooling in shooting criterions can be reduced.The phenomenon of the same radius with different temperature exists in cross-section in the process of cooling.The increase of velocity of cooling liquid did not improve cooling obviously when the velocity exceeds a certain value.This numerical simulation method deals with the fluid-solid boundary conditions as internal boundary conditions,can simulate the process of cooling barrel better and provide a numerical calculation method for the barrel cooling design.


Objective:To study the expression of Fas,FasL and Bcl-2 in gastric cancer and its significance.Methods:20 cases of normal gastric mucosa,72 cases of gastric cancer were examined with immunohistochemistry technique.Results:The expression of Fas in well differentiated cancer was higher than that in poorly differentiated cancer(P0.05).The expressions of Fas and Bcl-2 protein were negatively correlated(r=-0.391).Conclusion:Fas may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of patients.Imbalance of Bcl-2 and Fas expression may correlate with gastric cancer.


In this work, we introduced a mathematical network model
which follows on the recommendations of 3GPP to evaluate the downlink Long Term Evolution
(LTE) network utilizing Strict Frequency Reuse (FR) scheme. The network modelling bases on the
establishment phase and communications of the FR scheme. The user average coverage probability
is derived and analysed under Rayleigh fading environment and furthermore the closed-form formulations
of the performance are found using Gauss Quadratures. Through the Monte Carlo simulation,
it is proved that the proposed analytical approach is more accurate than other approaches in the
literature.

Furthermore, this paper stated that the overall system can achieve the better performance
with a higher number of Cell-Edge Users (CEUs), which contrasts with other works in the literature.


thermal and mechanical modeling simulation of materials. the Development of a Model for The Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Process. for outreach program for the STEAM's research Abstract: The building automation system (BAS) is part of the University HVAC system. It is used to monitor and save energy through energy performance contracting with different control systems. Recently, the HVAC laboratory facilities (Split-System Central Unit Heat Pump, Air Handling Units (AHUs), Variable Air Volumes (VAVs) box, and even a Wall-Mounted Heat Pump) have been incorporated into the University's BAS system to become a part of students' education. BAS is the foundation of the energy management efficiency of modern buildings. Basically, a central system, the intelligent Metasys BAS software, connects the HVAC, lighting, security and protection systems and allows them to communicate on a single platform to provide the necessary information to the energy manager; enabling them to make more informed decisions while improving occupant comfort, safety and productivity. discuss in terms learning outcomes The four installations connected to the University BAS system are used for the HVAC Lab over one semester. In this labs, the students are experimenting processes, as well as using a building energy simulation program. They measure temperature, airflow, relative humidity, and pressure, as well as CO 2 concentration of air at different points of the system: supply, return, mixture, as well as outdoor air. These information are collected either form the computer connected to the BAS system or from a panel board where sensor measurements are displayed instantaneously. These installations were used separately for the HVAC lab. An effort has been made to integrate these installations as a part of the BAS of the University Campus. Currently, these installations can be controlled from a distance using the Metasys launchers. The integration of the LAB HVAC systems, allows the use of the data collected from different sensors located all over the HVAC systems in the campus. The data may be treated, in order to discover patterns in large data sets involving methods based on predictive models using machine learning, statistics, and database systems. Within Matlab, predictive models have been developed, from the data collected, for different HVAC systems: fan, chiller, VAVBox, fan coil units, AHUs, and so on. Predictive models uses data mining and probability to predict results. Each model is composed of a number of predictors, which are variables that can influence future results. Once the data are collected for the relevant predictors, a statistical model is developed. The models were developed by the instructor in collaboration with the students. It is an essential process where intelligent methods are applied to extract data patterns. The information is extracted from a data set and transformed into an understandable structure for further use. This evaluation research utilizes a mixed-methods approach employing both qualitative and quantitative data sources to determine the impact of the HVAC Labs, using BAS system on student learning. Mixed methods designs are methodologically superior to simpler designs because of the ability to leverage the strengths of several different methods. Consistent data from both qualitative and quantitative methods increases the trust worthiness of the findings. the indirect to their the


THE defects of an economic system which on the one hand gives us a productive economy geared to deliver a much larger output than at present, and on the other hand a population eager to expand its consumption, much of it in dire need of doing so, but unable some of the time to consume what is currently produced, are nowhere more conspicuous and more serious than in the case of agriculture and food consumption. Of course this anomaly has not always and everywhere existed in the case of food. In


This paper has analyzed the present situation of the construction of documentary resources of vocational institutes, put forward measures that should be adopted in the construction of documentary resources of vocational institutes, and pointed out that the libraries must strengthen the construction of talents' team.


ABSTRACT Drawing from perspectives in critical disability studies, this article examines the teaching experiences of 9 disabled graduate students in Canada and the United States. Participants took between 2 and 6 photographs that illustrated their experience teaching with a disability. Follow-up interviews were conducted to gather descriptive accounts of the meaning and significance of the photos. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and uncover the core themes of mobility, disclosure and teaching performance, accommodation, and careers goals. The findings shed new light on the barriers that graduate students with disabilities face navigating the dual role of learners and teachers. Data reveal that there are overt and tacit ableist expectations in academia about how those in a teaching role perform and carry out their duties. Participants in this study internalised these ableist expectations and believed that an academic career was an unlikely career option.


Alpha parameter of a long-wavelength quantum-dot amplifier near 1.3 /spl mu/m is measured to be below one even with saturated gain. A simple model explains difference in apparent alpha parameter under optical and electrical carrier modulation.


"Under Siege" is the first book in any language to document and analyze the ethno-political dynamics of Abkhazia - a region located in the north eastern corner of the Black Sea - which broke away from the post-Soviet Republic of Georgia following a bloody civil war. For fifteen years the region was a de facto independent, though internationally unrecognized, state, until August of 2008, when the short war over South Ossetia (another breakaway territory) ended in Russia's official declaration that Abkhazia and South Ossetia were sovereign. Though few are familiar with the political and economic mechanics of this small, post-Soviet country, Abkhazia has become a crucial component of Russia's struggle to redefine its global influence and a major player in its geopolitical battle with the West. "Under Siege" clarifies Abkhazia's ethno-political dynamics, which have played a major role in the country's state building efforts and have shaped the conditions under which many ethnic communities live. Abkhazians, Armenians, Georgians, and Russians all call Abkhazia home, and this volume explores the effect of the government's de facto status on these groups' idea of nationhood and how continuing tensions between Georgia, Abkhazia, and Russia fail to improve the socio political situation of the region.


We report the nucleotide sequence of a 17 898 bp DNA segment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. This fragment begins at 482 kb from the centromere. The sequence includes the BRF1 gene, encoding TFIIIB70, the 5′ portion of the GCN5 gene, an open reading frame (ORF) previously identified as ORF MGA1, whose translation product shows similarity to heat‐shock transcription factors and five new ORFs. Among these, YGR250 encodes a polypeptide that harbours a domain present in several polyA binding proteins, YGR245 is similar to a putative Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene, YGR248 shows significant similarity with three ORFs of S. cerevisiae situated on different chromosomes, while the remaining two ORFs, YGR247 and YGR251, do not show significant similarity to sequences present in databases. This sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Y07703. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The leafhopper genus Gurawa Distant, 1908 is revised with descriptions and illustrations of a new species, Gurawa longispina sp. nov. and a short winged form of Gurawa minorcephala Pruthi from Pakistan. A key is provided to distinguish known species in this genus from Pakistan.


In this thesis we examine a variety of techniques for reducing the resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. First, we show how to simplify universal encoded computation by using only transversal gates and standard error correction procedures, circumventing existing no-go theorems. We then show how to simplify ancilla preparation, reducing the cost of error correction by more than a factor of four. Using this optimized ancilla preparation, we develop improved techniques for proving rigorous lower bounds on the noise threshold.
Additional overhead can be incurred because quantum algorithms must be translated into sequences of gates that are actually available in the quantum computer. In particular, arbitrary single-qubit rotations must be decomposed into a discrete set of fault-tolerant gates. We find that by using a special class of non-deterministic circuits, the cost of decomposition can be reduced by as much as a factor of four over state-of-the-art techniques, which typically use deterministic circuits.
Finally, we examine global optimization of fault-tolerant quantum circuits under physical connectivity constraints. We adapt techniques from VLSI in order to minimize time and space usage for computations in the surface code, and we develop a software prototype to demonstrate the potential savings.


This paper conducts a numerical investigation of the effects of micro spherical and cylindrical dimples on the load-carrying capacity of the journal bearing with axial grooves, aiming to obtain the best lubrication performance. In order to analyze the lubrication performance, the mass conservative JFO (Jakobsson, Floberg, Olsson) cavitation boundary condition is adopted to address the oil film rupture and reformulation, and the Reynolds equation is used to build the hydrodynamic lubrication model for the dimple-textured journal bearing with axial grooves. On this basis, the author examines how the shape, location and geometric parameters of the dimples influence the load-carrying capacity at various eccentricities. The results show that the dimples can significantly improve the load-carrying capacity of the bearing, especially when the dimples are textured on bearing pad 3, and that the maximum load-carrying capacity can be obtained with micro cylindrical dimples of area ratio s=0.5, maximum depth hd=300 μm, circumferential number m3= 6, and axial number n3= 4.


In this article the process of design, sizing and installation of the first solar photovoltaic electric vehicle charging station isolated from Ecuador is described. The construction of solar electric vehicle charging station is framed within the concern of the Ecuadorian State to promote the integration of renewable energies in urban transport and in isolated areas of the country. In this sense, the electric vehicle charging station is revealed as a prototype that been allowed the standardization of the technical characteristics of solar photovoltaic materials to be used in a set of photovoltaic isolated rural projects in different provinces of country. In addition, an optimized design of this solar photovoltaic electric vehicle charging station can be installed in the Galapagos Islands, allowing address the problem of land transport in the islands with the use of massified renewable technologies currently technically and economically very competitive.


The values for inflorescence length and weight and number of grains/infloresence were highest in rabi [winter] sorghum cv. PSV-86, 1000-grain weight in M.35-1 and grain yield in hybrid CSH-8R and SPV-86. Highest yields in CSH-8R, SPV-86 and M.35-1 were obtained at 180 000, 135 000 and 90 000 plants/ha and with 90, 60 and 60 kg N/ha, resp


Background: Identifying need for treatment due to mental problems is necessary for rational health care planning. The aim of this study was to study reports of psychiatric symptoms, social disability and low wellbeing as indicators of meetable need of care. Methods: An extensive questionnaire was sent out to a representative adult population in Stockholm, Sweden. Psychiatric symptom scales, social disabilities due to psychological distress and wellbeing were included. Of the 10,442 persons that answered 1093 were interviewed by psychiatrists. Meetable need of care was assessed and psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV. Results: Reports of psychiatric symptoms, social disabilities and low wellbeing were all associated with being female, younger, single, manual work and unemployed. Somatic disorders, a lower degree of social network and more negative life events were also associated. Of the interviewees persons with low well-being had the highest risk for being regarded as having meetable need of care. Additionally they were more likely to fulfil the criteria for a psychiatric disorder accordingtoDSM-IV. Conclusion: Persons with low wellbeing had a higher risk of having meetable need of care than persons with psychiatric symptoms and/or social disabilities had.


1 Anet Jambrak Režek, PhD, Associate Professor; Zoran Herceg, PhD, Full Professor; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb * Corresponding author: email@example.com Summary Preserving food by increased temperature in a short period of time is still the most frequent form of food preserving process. Process variables were derived from an empirical research on the e!ects of temperature and exposure time to microbial survival kinetics, with some attention paid to food quality connected to thermal e!ects on food composition and structure. The possibilities of applying high power ultrasound in meat processing are found in the following operations: extraction (ultrasound helps the process of extraction by disturbing meat myo"brils which release a sticky content by connecting meat and it leads to a higher strength of a reformed product); emulsi"cation and homogenization (includes mixing of little pieces of meat with aqueous liquid which contains salt), curing (accelerating the process), freezing (the process of nucleation and the growth of ice crystals is accelerated; creating a larger share of smaller crystals), drying (ultrasound pretreatment prior to drying process consequently shortens drying time), changes in structure, and the most important application is in preserving a "nished product. Applying high power ultrasound has shown itself in many examples to be a very good method in achieving a desired e!ect.


A method of providing a catalytic rare earth oxide-coated microporous free-flowing bulk particulate, without compromising the effectiveness of the material, quantity number becomes method for a metal oxide to be coated. Rare earth metal oxide coated on the outer surface may be in the range of 20 to 70% by weight relative to the total rare earth metal oxide and microporous particulate material equivalent content. In particular, zeolite free-flowing bulk particulate having high loadings of rare earth metal oxide is in a very stable trend. For example, heat treatment of the rare earth metal oxide-coated zeolite free-flowing bulk particulate at temperatures below about 200 ° C., when slurried in water, typically less than 30 wt% (relative to the total rare earth metal oxide equivalent content) rare earth metal oxides have been found to leach into water. This material was found to have a minimum of leachable when heat treated at 400 ° C. greater.


Metaphors aims to express similarity.Since tenor is unable to fulfill this aim,carrier is resorted to magnify the similarity.The importance of the similarity is its function of orientation.The obscurity of some similarity is also to serve the purpose of metaporization-to express multi-similarity.The center of the metaphor shifts from similarity to carrier.


A machine having phase order more than three is gaining popularity because of their several potential advantages over its three-phase ones. This paper presents mathematical modeling of a six-phase induction motor in the d-q rotating frame and is modeled and simulated in MATLAB to investigate the characteristics of six phase induction motor under no-load and on-load conditions which includes current, speed and torque characteristics. The results of the simulation show smooth and better performance characteristics of the motor.


In this paper we use the Markov regime-switching model to investigate the volatility behavior of six Mediterranean stock markets (France, Spain, Greece, Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey) over the turbulent period 1995-2010. Our results show strong evidence of regime shifts in each of these markets. We also find that the Mediterranean developed markets are less affected by international market events such as Asian and Russian financial crisis than emerging markets.


This paper has an investigation and reflection on implementation of educational policies in remote rural areas of Li nationality in Hainan Province,trying to find out the problems and reasons of the implementation of education policy.Some strategies are proposed to improve minority education in remote rural areas.


There is a critical shortage of students studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) courses at universities across Australia. Over 75 per cent of jobs now require STEM skills (Chubb et al, 2012). The Australian government spends millions of dollars in improving STEM teaching and outreach programs for secondary and primary schools, however there is little targeted support for early childhood educators, especially those enrolled in vocational education and training qualifications. This paper draws on ideas from the Science Education Experience to suggest strategies for a collaborative approach to science education professional development for early childhood educators working in the birth to five sector (that is, in early learning centres and preschools/kindergartens).


The threo- and erythro-selective aldol condensation of ethyl 3-[t-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino]- propionate with benzaldehyde gave the benzylic alcohol-substituted aminopropionate ethyl 2-{[t-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino]methyl}-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate as a diastereoisomeric mixture. On treatment with methanesulphonyl chloride and triethylamine, the threo-isomer was converted into ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxo-6-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-oxazine-5-carboxylate, and the erythro-isomer gave simply its corresponding mesate derivative. The mechanism for this transformation is discussed.


As an archipelago with two third of its territory consist of water, Indonesia should address more attention to its maritime industry development. One of the catalyst to fasten the maritime industry growth is by developing a maritime cluster. The purpose of this research is to gain understanding of the effect if Indonesia implement maritime cluster policy to the growth of maritime economic and its role to enhance the maritime cluster performance, hence enhancing Indonesia's maritime industry as well. The result of the constructed system dynamic model simulation shows that with the effect of maritime cluster, the growth of employment rate and maritime economic is much bigger that the business as usual case exponentially. The result implies that the government should act fast to form a legitimate cluster maritime organizer institution so that there will be a synergize, sustainable, and positive maritime cluster environment that will benefit the performance of Indonesia's maritime industry.


The SWRLTab is an extension to Protege-OWL that supports editing and execution of SWRL rules. It provides a graphical editor for creating and modifying SWRL rules. It also provides extension mechanisms to support the execution of SWRL rules with a variety of rule engines as well as mechanisms to implement userdefined SWRL built-ins and execute them. At present, the Jess rule engine is supported and implementations have been defined for several built-in libraries including the core SWRL built-ins. 1. System Description The SWRLTab [1] is an extension to the open-source ontology development toolkit in Protege-OWL [2]. It provides a set of APIs that support the building of tools that work with SWRL [3] rules. The SWRLTab has four main software components: (1) a graphical editor; (2) a Java API for working with SWRL rules; (3) a rule engine bridge that interoperates with rule engines to execute SWRL rules; and (4) a built-in bridge for defining and executing implementations of SWRL built-ins.


The purpose of this paper is to present a coupling of numerical and physical model for the 2D simulation of wave propagation.In the combined model,a triangular finite element model based on modified Boussinesq equations is applied for numerical wave computation,and a 2D piston-type wavemaker and the associated control system is chosen for physical wave generation.For solving the coupled equation,five points Lagrange interpolation method and fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme are used to smooth the nonlinear distribution of velocity around the moving paddle and solve the time discretization,respectively.Through various wave simulations,the applicable range of the coupling method is verified.Furthermore,a method of real-time correction of the simulation error due to the capability of wave generation of wavemaker for the regular and random wave is proposed.The experimental results show that the physical results agree well with the numerical results.Coupling and real-time correction can effectively establish a deterministic combination from numerical to physical model.


We describe the identification of GIM1/YKE2, GIM2/PAC10, GIM3, GIM4 and GIM5 in a screen for mutants that are synthetically lethal with tub4‐1, encoding a mutated yeast γ‐tubulin. The cytoplasmic Gim proteins encoded by these GIM genes are present in common complexes as judged by co‐immunoprecipitation and gel filtration experiments. The disruption of any of these genes results in similar phenotypes: the gim null mutants are synthetically lethal with tub4‐1 and super‐sensitive towards the microtubule‐depolymerizing drug benomyl. All except Δgim4 are cold‐sensitive and their microtubules disassemble at 14°C. The Gim proteins have one function related to α‐tubulin and another to Tub4p, supported by the finding that the benomyl super‐sensitivity is caused by a reduced level of α‐tubulin while the synthetic lethality with tub4‐1 is not. In addition, GIM1/YKE2 genetically interacts with two distinct classes of genes, one of which is involved in tubulin folding and the other in microtubule nucleation. We show that the Gim proteins are important for Tub4p function and bind to overproduced Tub4p. The mammalian homologues of GIM1/YKE2 and GIM2/PAC10 rescue the synthetically lethal phenotype with tub4‐1 as well as the cold‐sensitivity and benomyl super‐sensitivity of the yeast deletion mutants. We suggest that the Gim proteins form a protein complex that promotes formation of functional α‐ and γ‐tubulin.


Three typical kinds of waterproof agents were selected and subsequently applied as additives in paper coatings.The coating formula and the waterproof properties of coated paper were studied through analyzing the Cobb value,static contact angle,ink absorption properties and picking velocity.The results showed that the waterproof properties and surface properties can be reached when No.2 waterproof agent is applied at 0.5 pph in bottom coating colors and No.1 waterproof agent at 7.5 pph in top coating colors.Furthermore,EPMA results indicate that the tight waterproof layer was formed in the coating surface by adding No.1 waterproof agent.


This paper addresses the specific problem of true (functional) delay estimation during high-level design. We present a method for modelling and verifying high-level timing specification using CLP (BNR), a constraint logic programming language augmented with relational interval arithmetic.


Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive understanding and unique aspects of modelling cemented paste backfill (CPB) behaviour and performance under complex multiphysics conditions. Such modelling is essential for the reliable and cost-effective design of CPB structures. In this review paper, the existing mathematical models are classified into three categories, which are analytical, mechanical constitutive and coupled multiphysics models. For each category, a critical discussion of each model is carried out to identify its applicability and potential further developments with a comparison of the corresponding controlling mechanism. Then, a comparison of the existing models is provided for each category of mathematical models.


Regional cerebral blood flow (reBF) during controlled hemorrhagic hypotension (140-20 mm Hg) was assessed 10-14 days after chronic unilateral sectioning of parasympathetic and/or sensory fibers innervating pial vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). reBF was measured in the cortical barrel fields bilaterally by laser Doppler blood flowmetry. Immunohistochemistry of middle cerebral artery (MeA) whole mount prepara tions was used to verify the surgical lesion. During hem orrhagic hypotension, reBF was equivalent on the two sides in shams, after selective sensory denervation, or in parasympathetically sectioned animals exhibiting small decreases (",;30%) in immunoreactive vasoactive intesti nal peptide (VIP)-containing fibers. After chronic para sympathetic denervation, decreases in perfusion pressure were accompanied by greater reductions in reBF on the lesioned side; changes in vascular resistance were also attenuated on that side. The reBF response to hypercap nia (Paco2 50 mm Hg), however, was symmetrical and The physiologic or pathophysiologic functions of nerve fibers innervating cerebral blood vessels are not well understood. Numerous studies have iden tified projecting axons from cell bodies in auto-613 robust. To examine the effects of impaired neurogenic vasodilation on the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, infarct size was measured 24 h following tandem MeA occlusion in denervated animals. Infarction volume was larger after selective parasympathetic sectioning (sham, 156 ± 27 vs. 196 ± 32 mm 3 , respectively) but only in those denervated animals demonstrating ?40% decrease in immunoreactive VIP-containing fibers within the ipsi lateral MeA. Lower than expected blood flow/perfusion pressure in the cortex distal to an occluded blood vessel may relate the observed blood flow responses to the oc currence of larger cortical infarcts in parasympathetically denervated animals. If true, the findings suggest a novel role for neurogenic vasodilation in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and in reBF regulation within the peri infarction zone. Key Words: Sphenopalatine ganglion Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-Middle cerebral ar tery occlusion. nomic and sensory ganglia. These axons are unmy elinated or poorly myelinated and contain an abun dance of potent vasoactive biogenic amines, or neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related pep tide (CGRP) (Hanko et aI., 1985), which either di late or constrict vascular smooth muscle (for re view, see Mackenzie and Scatton, 1987). Recently, immunoreactive nitric oxide synthase was identi fied within perivascular parasympathetic nerve fi bers innervating cerebral vessels from the spheno palatine ganglion (Nozaki et aI., 1992). Depolariza tion releases neurotransmitters from perivascular


Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) primarily reproduce in spawning colonies. We assessed habitat characteristics at 15 bluegill spawning colonies in a South Dakota glacial lake. Nesting sites were visually identified and angling was used to verify the species of nesting fish. Habitat characteristics were measured at each nesting site and compared with those measured at 75 randomly selected sites. In Lake Cochrane, mean water depth of spawning colonies was 1.0 m. Of the 13 habitat characteristics measured, four (substrate type, substrate firmness, vegetation density and dissolved oxygen levels) were significantly different (P £ 0.05) between nesting and random sites. Every bluegill nest site contained gravel substrate, despite the availability of muck, sand and rock. Substrate firmness was indexed at 0-cm penetration and vegetation density was low at all nesting sites. Additionally, bluegills selected nesting locations with relatively moderate dissolved oxygen levels. Lake Cochrane bluegill nest sites consisted of shallow, gravel areas with short, low- density, live submergent Chara vegetation.


Introduction THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES POSSIBILITIES FOR CONCEPTUALIZING QUEER DIASPORA AS a critical practice in cross-border organizing. It also addresses the citizenship(s) that are implicated in the process of transnationalism, which evokes gender and sexuality as crucial modes of analysis. I will be looking specifically at Asian models of diaspora and alternative models of diaspora, which are informed by sexuality and gender as much as they are by nationhood. One of the major terms of analysis in this article is the notion of hybridity as it is used by cultural critics writing on second-- and third-generation immigration experiences and the counterhegemonic cultural practices that arise from those experiences. However, this term can be interpreted in various ways, some of which incorporate queerness as a challenge to heteronormativity. Previously, I have used hybridity as a term to designate the multiplicity and/or intersection of various identities, particularly postcolonial and sexual identities. In this article, I will explore the dangers and difficulties in conceptualizing hybridity in ter ms of queer diaspora due to the unequal power relationships existing between members of the same diaspora, some of whom are located in more economically privileged sites. Given these asymmetries, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to use one starting point (i.e., sexuality, race, gender, class, or nationhood) in writing about queer diaspora. Citizenship and dual citizenship acquire new meanings depending on the shifting global positionalities of transnational subjects. Experiences of privilege and diaspora are informed by race, class, gender, nationality, and/or sexuality. For instance, although a transnational Mexican migrant may enjoy citizenship in his/her country of origin, the border is the point at which rights associated with U.S. citizenship cease; however, a transnational capitalist, or a Third World elite, may enjoy benefits approximating those of dual citizenship to a larger degree due to his/her economic status. A First World queer transnational, on the other hand, may not enjoy many of the rights of citizenship or dual citizenship in various locations of a diaspora in which heterosexism is the norm; hence, the dialectic relationship between privilege and diaspora makes the notion of power relative to specific locations. In the process of strategizing for transnational organizing, it is necessary to explore the relationship between d iasporic and/or transnational experiences of immigrant and second or third generation postcolonial queers in the context of their shifting global positionalities. By transnationalism and diaspora, I refer to concepts that have been used to destabilize traditional models of migration in which the transition from the old country to the new country was assumed to involve assimilation to a new order in which ethnicity dropped out. Transnationalism is a process whereby social links between the country of origin and the host country may be maintained to resist this supposed homogenization of assimilation. Roger Rouse (1991) describes this process in the context of the economic and cultural practices of Mexican migrants who develop transnational migrant circuits in response to the internationalization of transnational corporations. He depicts their experience as an act of border crossing in which the juxtaposition of two worlds does not necessarily produce assimilation. Due to the intersecting sites of transnational circuits of capital, labor, and communication of Mexican migrants, Rouse argues that it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain a monolithic national identity (Ibid.). Seen in this light, transnationalism and ethnic identification can be a way of historicizing the deracialization of previously racialized subjects (Omi and Winant, 1994: 9--48). In this sense, transnationalism becomes a function of diaspora in the sense that within any diaspora, multiple nationalisms can exist that resist monolithic national identities. …


Mathematics is taught in isolation from other subjects and often lacks creative or artistic flair; hence, students often get bored and do not pay attention in class. This study ascertained the effects of background music on students' achievement, habits of mind, test anxiety, and disposition. The instrument used were the researcher-made mathematics achievement test, test anxiety rating scale, and disposition rating scale which underwent validation through a panel of experts. The result showed that the pretest mean scores in mathematics achievement of all the three groups were "low." The pretest mean scores in habits of mind of the three groups were "not developed." The pretest mean scores in test anxiety of groups A and B were both "moderate" while group c was "high." The pretest mean scores in disposition to music of groups A and c were both "partially liked" while group B was "liked." As observed, all the background music used had an impact on the improvement of the students' scores in mathematics. The results of the study served as bases for the development of music-enhanced mathematics program. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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At a time when critical thinking has gained acceptance as a fundamental base from which instruction occurs, educators are facing the double-edged sword of using educational technology to assist in this process. Carefully designed courses that seek to infuse critical thinking skills must now make the transition to the electronic medium. As the field of distance learning continues its growth in constructing the classrooms of the future, so must the process of teaching these distant learners critical thinking skills. The purpose of this paper is to frame the question of how these skills can be taught to this newly identified group of learners. The identification of who these telecourse students are, what special needs in critical thinking they might have as telecourse learners, and what obstacles may exist in this newly created learning environment will be investigated. The process of infusing critical thinking skills in a psychology telecourse serves as a case study for the discussion. * Understanding the Format Prior to accepting the format of telecourse instruction as a viable method from which to instruct, faculty and administrators must recognize its opportunities and options. At the same time they need to recognize its limitations and differences from a traditional classroom model of instruction. This acceptance process is primarily based on recognition of who telecourse students are and why they seek this mode of instruction. Many studies researching these questions have been conducted and should be examined prior to adopting telecourse instruction. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting/Annenberg Project oversaw such a research project and developed a telecourse student profile as a result. This profile generally identifies telecourse students to be over 26 years of age, highly motivated, goal oriented, and for whatever reason, unable to attend the traditional classroom setting.[1] To measure learning effectiveness in telecourses, Coastline Community College in Fountain Valley, Calif., evaluated student success when compared with success in traditional classes in the same discipline. Its findings indicate that these students' performances were equal, and in many cases superior, to their traditional classroom peers, with one qualification: the telecourse student had fit the characteristic profile for whom the telecourse was designed.[2] When designing a telecourse, the potential to teach critical learning skills can be made more effective when recognizing that these telecourse students are generally more highly motivated and goal oriented. * Focus on Thinking Skills The recent development and adoption of telecourses at a community college in South Carolina presented a unique opportunity to review other colleges' efforts to offer and administer telecourses with a focus on how they attempted to teach thinking skills. As a result, the decision to create an introductory psychology telecourse with a strong emphasis on teaching critical thinking skills was made. Based on a combination of existing and originally produced video programs, the faculty developer integrated materials and concepts generally reserved for the traditional classroom into a format that allowed students to develop problem-solving and decision-making skills. Psychology is an ideal discipline to teach the caveats of critical thinking. The parameters of the discipline--from its theoretical framework to its scientific rigorousness--pose a natural environment for a dialogical and dialectical process to occur. Unless a hypothesis or theory can be proven using various scientific methodologies, it remains only a tentative explanation in psychology, and therefore questionalble. Overall, the discipline's content allows for an analysis of assumptions, examination of the evidence, consideration of other interpretations and a tolerance of the uncertainty of knowledge gained through empirical inquiry. …


There are disclosed sensor arrays that are used to detect the proximity of a material to a microwave element. An exemplary sensor arrangement (100, 200) includes a signal generator (104, 204) configured to generate at least one microwave signal, a coupler (106, 206) which is connected to the signal generator, a microwave element (108, 208) which is coupled to the coupler, and a processing module (112, 212) which is connected to the coupler. The microwave circuit is configured to generate an electromagnetic field in response to the at least one microwave signal. The microwave element is designed to reflect a charge signal to the coupler if a material (102, 202) interacts with the electromagnetic field. The processing module is configured to process the charge signal with a reference signal to generate a data signal indicative of the proximity of the material to the microwave element. The data signal defines a sub-microwave frequency.


Abstract. The alteration in river flow patterns, particularly those that originate in the Himalaya, has been caused by the increased temperature and rainfall variability brought on by climate change. Due to the impending intensification of extreme climate events, as predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its Sixth Assessment Report, it is more essential than ever to predict changes in streamflow for future periods. Despite the fact that some research has utilised machine-learning- and deep-learning-based models to predict streamflow patterns in response to climate change, very few studies have been undertaken for a mountainous catchment, with the number of studies for the western Himalaya being minimal. This study investigates the capability of five different machine learning (ML) models and one deep learning (DL) model, namely the Gaussian linear regression model (GLM), Gaussian generalised additive model (GAM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARSs), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and 1D convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), in streamflow prediction over the Sutlej River basin in the western Himalaya during the periods 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s). Bias-corrected data downscaled at a grid resolution of 0.25∘ × 0.25∘ from six general circulation models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 GCM framework under two greenhouse gas (GHG) trajectories (SSP245 and SSP585) were used for this purpose. Four different rainfall scenarios (R0, R1, R2, and R3) were applied to the models trained with daily data (1979–2009) at Kasol (the outlet of the basin) in order to better understand how catchment size and the geo-hydromorphological aspects of the basin affect runoff. The predictive power of each model was assessed using six statistical measures, i.e. the coefficient of determination (R2), the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of the measured data (RSR), the mean absolute error (MAE), the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the percent bias (PBIAS). The RF model with rainfall scenario R3, which outperformed other models during the training (R2 = 0.90; RSR = 0.32; KGE = 0.87; NSE = 0.87; PBIAS = 0.03) and testing (R2 = 0.78; RSR = 0.47; KGE = 0.82; NSE = 0.71; PBIAS = −0.31) period, therefore was chosen to simulate streamflow in the Sutlej River in the 2050s and 2080s under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. Bias correction was further applied to the projected daily streamflow in order to generate a reliable times series of the discharge. The mean ensemble of the model results shows that the mean annual streamflow of the Sutlej River is expected to rise between 2050s and 2080s by 0.79 % to 1.43 % for SSP585 and by 0.87 % to 1.10 % for SSP245. In addition, streamflow will increase during the monsoon (9.70 % to 11.41 % and 11.64 % to 12.70 %) in the 2050s and 2080s under both emission scenarios, but it will decrease during the pre-monsoon (−10.36 % to −6.12 % and −10.0 % to −9.13 %), post-monsoon (−1.23 % to −0.22 % and −5.59 % to −2.83 %), and during the winter (−21.87 % to
−21.52 % and −21.87 % to −21.11 %). This variability in streamflow is highly correlated with the pattern of precipitation and temperature predicted by CMIP6 GCMs for future emission scenarios and with
physical processes operating within the catchment. Predicted declines in the Sutlej River streamflow over the pre-monsoon (April to June) and winter
(December to March) seasons might have a significant impact on agriculture
downstream of the river, which is already having problems due to water restrictions at this time of year. The present study will therefore assist
in strategy planning to ensure the sustainable use of water resources
downstream by acquiring knowledge of the nature and causes of unpredictable streamflow patterns.


The invention relates to a header (30) for a hand-tool (10), in particular a screwing or drilling machine, wherein the attachment (30), a header-stripping section (38), one with an engine output (17) of the hand-tool (10 ) non-rotatably connected said input shaft (37) for driving the output drive part (38), and a housing (35), wherein the housing (35) at least one support surface (34) for support on a machine housing (11) of the hand tool machine (10) having. Wherein said header (30) is provided, that the housing at least one between the output member (38) and the at least one support surface (34) disposed through opening (60) for manually penetration in a housing interior (61) of the housing (35) wherein the at least one through opening (60) for manually actuating at least one in the housing interior (61) arranged in the handle (58, 27) is provided.


The China-France Oceangraphy SATellite (CFOSAT) is an innovative satellite mission with wind and waves measurements on oceans. This paper aims to evaluate the first results of the assimilation of the wave data provided by CFOSAT in the wave model MFWAM. Model runs are implemented during the Calibration/Validation phase of the mission. The results are compared to the wave data from altimeters and buoys. The first results are promising and indicate a significant improvement of wave heights in the different ocean basins (high latitudes, intermediate latitudes and the tropics). Azimuthal cut-off sensitivity tests for the SWIM wave spectra are also examined in this study. We also discussed the impact of combined wave spectra and the ones from the incidence angles of SWIM (6, 8 and 10°). In other respects this study also investigate the complementary use of SWIM and SAR from CFOSAT and SAR from Sentinel-1 for combined assimilation in the wave model MFWAM


Long before Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet captured the imagination of composers such as Bellini, Gounod and Tchaikovsky, Mozart's Bohemian contemporary Georg Benda composed an operatic setting of the play, in 1776; this was chosen by Bampton Classical Opera as its main production of 2007. During its fourteen-year history, the company has gained a deservedly high reputation for presenting a range of eighteenth-century operas that are either by almost completely unknown composers or are neglected in the output of famous composers (Haydn and Mozart are specialities). The company performs at a number of venues around England, including the Buxton Festival, the Bampton Deanery in Oxfordshire (where the company gave its first performance, hence the name) and St John's Smith Square; it is financed by the generosity of donors and counts on an entirely voluntary administrative staff. Bearing that in mind, the company does extraordinary work exploring a repertory that still contains many riches to be uncovered, always performing in English in an attempt to relate to the audience. Nevertheless, Benda's Romeo and Juliet is no masterpiece. Even in an ideal performance the work would probably not stand up to even efficient second-rate operas of the same period. As it was, the mixed quality of Bampton's performance meant that it was difficult to feel inspired by the piece. Benda was clearly interested in writing various types of opera. After his appointment as Kapellmeister at the Thuringian town of Gotha, he wrote an opera seria, Xindo riconnosciuto, and two Italian intermezzi. His most significant stage works, however, are the three one-act pieces he wrote for the famed Seyler troupe in 1775: the farce Der Jahrmarkt and the melodramas Ariadne auf Naxos and Medea. These melodramas so inspired Mozart that he said he carried them about with him; their impact on his work is generally agreed to show clearly in Zaide and the incidental music to Thamos, König in Ägypten. Having written melodramas – where text is declaimed against an orchestral accompaniment – Benda must have relished the chance to write a Singspiel, again allowing a combination of spoken and sung passages. Together with his librettist Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter, with whom he had already written Der Jahrmarkt and Medea, Benda turned Shakespeare's complicated five-act tragedy into a three-act 'ernsthafte Opera', Romeo und Julie. The theatre at Gotha played host to a number of other English plays, both by Shakespeare and some of the Restoration playwrights, so the new opera was written in the context of the dissemination of English texts in the area rather than branching out in a different direction. However, not only were the plays translated, they were also severely adapted and modified, so much so that they sometimes barely resemble their original form. This is the case with Benda's Romeo and Juliet. The highly populated Shakespearean version (which was itself freely adapted from Arthur Brooke's poem The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet) is pared down to six soloists, two of whom have little to sing. Romeo


Objective:To observe the Fuzheng Xiao Yan Decoction to prevent breast cancer recurrence and transfer after the operation.Methods:98 cases of breast cancer patients random divided into Chinese medicine and control groups,both groups take radiotherapy,chemotherapy and hormonal therapy,after the Board and in the course of radiotherapy and chemotherapy that is served Fuzheng Xiao Yan Decoction,the control group take radiotherapy,chemotherapy and hormonal therapy.Results:50 cases in the Chinese Medicines Board,the recurrence of three cases,the transfer of five cases,one case of death,the nine cases of patients with disease-free survival period of 6.0 years;control group of 48 patients in disease-free survival period of 3.5 years.With significant differences(P0.05).Conclusion:Fuzheng Xiao Yan Decoction can prevent and delay breast cancer recurrence and transfer,improving the quality of life of patients.


The utility model discloses a fuel gas pressure regulator. The fuel gas pressure regulator comprises a valve body and a pilot valve, wherein a gas inlet channel, a gas outlet channel and a valve rod are arranged in the valve body, the lower end of the valve rod is arranged between the gas inlet channel and the gas outlet channel, the gas outlet channel is connected with a fuel gas pipe, the lower end of the valve rod is sleeved by a spring, a leather diaphragm is arranged in a cavity at the upper end of the valve rod and divides the cavity into a leather diaphragm upper cavity and a leather diaphragm lower cavity, the pilot valve is connected with the gas inlet channel, the flue gas pipe, the leather diaphragm upper cavity and the leather diaphragm lower cavity, vent holes are formed on the leather diaphragm, and the leather diaphragm upper cavity is communicated with the leather diaphragm lower cavity through the vent holes. The fuel gas pressure regulator has the advantages of lower use cost and fewer leakage points, and facilitates the flow control.


The important content of higher education management during its daily work include setting the right incentive principles,choosing suitable incentive means and mobilizing fully the initiative of the enthusiasm of teachers.The paper discusses incentive principals and methods for higher education management of teachers by using incentive principles and related theories and combining with the work and psychological characteristics of teachers in colleges and universities.


In this paper the Method of Lines (MoL) is successfully ex- tended to solve the EM wave scattering problems of periodic surfaces with arbi- trary profile. As examples, the scattering coefficients of space harmonics of cor- rugated and sinusoidal surfaces are calculated. The results are in good agree- mcnt with available data from Wirgin and from A.K.Jordan et al. In addition, the rcsults of comb structure arc also calculated. The flexibility and less compu- tation of this method make it eligible for analyzing various two-dimensional periodic structures. INDEX HEADINGS: EM Scattering; Periodic surface; Grating; Thc Method of Lines.


Solanum bonariense is a perennial poisonous shrub that induces cerebellar cortical degeneration when eaten by cattle. The aim of this research was to outline a protocol to induce a conditioned aversion to this plant. During the pre-conditioning period ten calves (126±12kg BW) were maintained at half of their normal energy intake with lucerne hay and water ad libitum, to stimulate consumption of S. bonariense. Every two days they were offered 100g ofS. bonariense leaves for 5 minutes. Calves began eating the target plant on day 10 and consumed all the plant material on day 12. The conditioning period began after each calf consumed the entire amount of S. bonariense for three consecutive sessions. Five animals were randomly selected for conditioning, and after ingestion ofS. bonariense they were dosed by oral gavage with lithium chloride (LiCl) at 200mg kg-1 BW (treated group), while the other five received a similar volume of water by oral gavage (control group). After 2 doses of LiCl the treated group ate no S. bonariense while the control group consumed the entire 100g. We confirmed that LiCl is a powerful tool to induce conditioned aversions against S. bonariense in calves, which persists for at least 3 months.


The potential cumulative water quality impacts of expanded future coal use in the United States was investigated under the National Energy Plan (NEP). The NEP calls for nearly doubling of coal production and use over the next ten years. A surface water quality model was developed to estimate regional water quality impacts. The quantity of pollutants expected to be discharged as a result of coal extraction, coal-fired steam electric power generation, and industrial coal use was characterized in detail for individual sources with specific control requirements that take into account regional differences. From the pollutant loadings, the model calculates the incremental impacts based on dilution capacity of streams. It is concluded that, although water quality impacts from industrial coal use are expected to be greatly reduced due to the enactment of recent environmental laws, intense development of coal mining and coal-burning facilities may cause water quality problems in a few areas, notably the Upper Ohio River Basin, the Northern Great Plains, and the Upper Colorado River Basin. Judicious siting of coal mines and coal-burning facilities is needed to avoid adverse water quality impacts in areas where stream assimilative capacity is limited. Improved mine-sealing techniques for reducing acid mine drainage frommore » underground mines in the East are also required. Additional critical water quality issues demanding close attention are: (1) leaching and migration of trace elements contained in uncombusted coal residuals; (2) acidification of water resources resulting from increased emissions and deposition of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide; and (3) local and regional water quality problems resulting from reduced surface water dilution capacity due to increased water consumption.« less


Using controlled spinodal decomposition, we have created a fluid-bicontinuous structure stabilized by colloidal particles. We present confocal microscopy studies of these structures and their variation with kinetic pathway. Our studies reveal a rigid multilayer of colloidal particles jammed at the interface which prevents the liquids demixing for many hours. The arrangement of two-fluid domains, interpenetrating on the meso-scale, could be useful as a microreaction medium.


Objective To observe the germicidal efficacy and toxicity of a vaginal mucosa disinfectant.Methods Physicochemical analytic method,suspension quantitative germicidal test and animal toxicity test were used to observe the germicidal efficacy and toxicity of the vaginal mucosa disinfectant.Results The average killing rates of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans exposed to vaginal mucosa disinfectant containing available chlorhexidine acetate 2 000 mg/L for 2 min were 99.27%,99.38% and 99.08% respectively.The available chlorhexidine acetate of this vaginal mucosa disinfectant exposed at 37℃ for 90 days was not decreased.The acute oral LD50 of the vaginal mucosa disinfectant in mice was 5 000 mg/kg·bw,which belonged to nontoxic class.No irritant effect on vaginal mucosa of experimental animals was observed.It could not cause micronucleus formation in mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes.Conclusion This mucosa disinfectant has good germicidal efficacy and low toxicity.It can not cause irritating action and micronucleus formation.


The article is a study of infinitive interrogative sentences bearing meanings of potentiality and efficiency in Russian and the means to render those in Persian. Both for Russian and Persian, such interrogative syntactic constructions and the relevant range of meanings are typical. As is known, in Russian infinitive is a verbal form though in a sentence it can combine the noun-and-verb functions, while in Persian, infinitive functions as a noun. As a rule, so-called Russian indefinite verbal form reflects various subjective and objective modal meanings, in particular, those of potentiality and efficiency which differs in Persian rather to reflect modal meanings of desirability, possibility, necessity, the must, inevitability, doubt, motive, etc. In relevant contexts the combination of modal meanings of desirability and possibility forms the potentiality meaning which is expressed by various linguistic means to form sentences: intonation, lexical and grammatical units, semantical components; other contexts of using such linguistic means to combine modal meanings of desirability and motive reveal the meaning of efficiency. The meanings themselves are not characteristic of Persian infinitive primarily due to their grammatical properties and belong to nouns therefore in Persian the mentioned above meanings and senses could be reflected by other linguistic means as well. The task of the study is to tackle the question of what are the means and manner they might make linguistic analogy to transmit semantics of potentiality and efficiency in Persian, while they are expressed in Russian infinitive interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions.The article treats infinitive interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions with infinitive as a predicate to render the semantics of potentiality and efficiency on the drama texts by M.Yu. Lermontov and A.P. Chekhov and the epic novel by A.N. Tolstoy. In course of comparative study, the translations into Persian of those texts were involved to find out similarities and differences of linguistic means used to reflect and reveal the semantics of infinitive interrogative sentences.


Aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. Evidence from the literature suggests that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) dysregulation may play a causative role in age‐associated increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remains largely unknown. Senescent cells are known to accumulate in various tissues of the body with age and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Senescent cells are known to secrete cytokines, chemokines, and proteases through the acquisition of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and contribute to neuroinflammation in age‐related diseases. However, the presence of senescent cells in the brainstem, a region that contains several nuclei regulating sympathetic outflow and blood pressure has not been investigated. We hypothesized that senescent cells accumulate in the brainstem with age and promotes neuroinflammation, thereby contributing to age‐related SNS dysregulation. To test this, we isolated brainstem from young (2–4 months) and aged (24 months) male C57BL/6J mice (n=4–5/group) and performed gene expression analysis for cellular senescence markers and SASP using qPCR. Data were analyzed with students t‐test and expressed as mean ± S.E. Our results show significant increases in the mRNA expression of p16Ink4a (1.22 ± 0.4 vs 32.89 ± 8.78 fold, young vs aged, p<0.05) a well‐known senescence marker and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and proteases like IL‐1β (1.03 ± 0.14 vs 2.13 ± 0.29 fold, p<0.05), MCP‐1 (1.02 ± 0.11 vs 4.33 ± 0.79 fold, p<0.05), IL‐1α (1.07 ± 0.2 vs 3.83 ± 0.73 fold, p<0.05, TNFα (1.06 ± 0.21 vs 4.48 ± 1.05 fold, p<0.05) and a trend for an increase in MMP3 in the aged brainstem, presenting evidence for senescence and SASP. We did not observe any age‐related changes in expression of metabotropic or ionotropic glutamate receptors, suggesting that the excitatory neurotransmitter machinery may not be altered in the brainstem with aging. Here we present, for the first time, evidence for cellular senescence in the brainstem of aged mice. Future studies will investigate the mechanistic role of senescence cells in the brainstem in age‐related SNS dysregulation.


A. Guezane-Lakoud and R. Khaldi Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria Correspondence should be addressed to A. Guezane-Lakoud; a firstname.lastname@example.com Received 17 February 2013; Accepted 14 April 2013 Copyright © 2013 A. Guezane-Lakoud and R. Khaldi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


This paper presents a novel modulation scheme that is specifically designed for data of variable rate. Proposed design adopts 8PSK model and can processes signal with symbol rate even varying from 4.5Msps to 100Msps continuously. Realization on FPGA demonstrates the good performance of the proposed idea.


The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco processing, in particular relates to a composite biological agent microcapsule capable of improving the sensory quality of tobacco. The composite biological agent microcapsule is prepared from a core material and a wall material which are mixed uniformly through spray drying, wherein the core material is a mixture of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, sphingol monad bacterial liquid and alkaline protease; the wall material is a mixed solution which is prepared by mixing corn syrup, Arabic gum and maltodextrin and has a 30 to 50 percent of mass concentration. According to the composite biological agent microcapsule disclosed by the invention, a microbial preparation and an enzymic preparation are coated through a microencapsulation technology, and a micro environment which is beneficial for survival of microorganisms is formed, so that the microbial preparation and biological enzyme can favorably take effect on the surface of the tobacco within a longer time, degradation of macromolecular substances in the tobacco is quickened, and the mellowing period of the tobacco is shortened; the effect of improving the quality of the tobacco is relatively obvious, the mellowing time of the tobacco can be obviously shortened, and for a tobacco production enterprise, the composite biological agent microcapsule has relative important application value.


Matrix Converters (MC) have prominent advantages in AC/AC power conversion applications, such as electrical drives for underground mining vehicles. However, due to a tight interconnection between its input and output, simultaneous control of load side and grid-side quantities remains a challenge. In model-based control it is important to have accurate models describing the MC input and output. It has been found that conventional discrete-time modelling does not provide a satisfactory result. This problem is overcome in this paper by proposing an advanced hybrid modelling principle that correctly treats both zero-order-hold and continuous input. Performance improvement resulting from using hybrid models is confirmed by simulation. Ideas presented in this paper can be applied to a range of applications, including voltage source converters with RL loads, current source converters with RLC filters, and matrix converters with the combination of the above.


A 29-year-old female presented with chronic postpartum abdominal pain. Computerized tomography scan was consistent with ovarian carcinoma, and biopsy yielded macrophages laden with eosinophilic bodies. Cultures, histoplasma serologies, and taxoplasma serologies were negative. A diagnosis of pelvic donovanosis was reached; the patient was treated with azithromycin resulting in clinical and radiographic resolution.


A nonlinear acoustic effect is a sensitive tool to de tect a micro-scale crack or early stage of cracking dur ing the fatigue process. The damage produces a nonlinear stress-s train relationship, and the nonlinearity can be measured by a higher harmonic component in the frequency do main. The greater the damage, the larger the level of a nonlinearity, which can be used for the diagnosis o f micro-cracks. The 2 nd harmonic component and higher harmonic components are measured using laser Doppler vibrom etry. Because a laser beam can be focused to a small spot, localized nonlinear acoustic parameters can be determined. By scanning the laser beam, localized nonlinear acoustic parameters can be mapped around a crack in CT (compact tension) specimen. Various nonlinear parameters are chosen and tested around the cr ack tip, and the most sensitive nonlinear parameter fo r a micro-crack or closed crack are optimized.


In this article it is proposed and designed a modern control configuration of the type multicontroler-multimodel (MM) that pilots the nonlinear combustion process of the Diesel engine, needed to adjust the pressure in the intake manifold and the airflow circulating through the compressor. The MM simulator developed by the authors allows the implementation of control systems represented by pairs (Mi, Ci) with the Mi candidate closest to the current operating point of the process and the paired controller Ri, for controlling the key parameters of the combustion process. The proposed configuration is built with robust controllers and thus it is able to ensure superior performance, tolerance to nonlinearities and parametric and structural perturbations in the system.


Although contact radiotherapy was developed 70 years ago, and is highly effective with cure rates of over 90% for early rectal cancer, there are few centres that offer this treatment today. One reason is the lack of replacement of ageing contact X-ray machines, many of which are now over 30 years old. To address this problem, the International Contact Radiotherapy Evaluation (ICONE) group was formed at a meeting in Liverpool in 2005 with the aim of developing a new contact X-ray unit and to establish clinical protocols that would enable the new machine to safely engage in the treatment of rectal cancer. As a result of these efforts, a European company is starting production of the new Papillon RT-50 machine, which will be available shortly. In addition, the ICONE group is planning an observational study on contact X-ray and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (CONTEM) for curative treatment of rectal cancer. This protocol will ensure standardised diagnostic procedures, patient selection and treatment in centres across the world and the data will be collected prospectively for analysis and audit. It is hoped that the CONTEM trial will provide the scientific evidence that is needed to obtain a broader acceptance of local contact radiotherapy as a treatment option for selected cases with early stage rectal cancer. Lindegaard, J. et al. (2007). Clinical Oncology 19, 738e741 a 2007 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Saraswati Bulusu , PhD, in Biochemistry from Calcutta University, with specialization in Nutritional Toxicology, has undertaken special trainings in Program Monitoring and Evaluation at Tufts University, Boston, and Project & Financial Management at IIM Bangalore. Dr. Bulusu was a National Program Manager and the Managing Trustee of the Micronutrient Initiative, India, for more than 10 years and was responsible for developing various fortified low cost products and introduction of such products in the public and private systems. She is currently a nutrition specialist with UNICEF, Hyderabad office, India. She is a recipient of the Junior Scientist Award of the Indian Science Congress Association, Government of India.


Content based video indexing and retrieval has its foundations in the analyses of the prime video temporal structures. Thus, technologies for video segmentation have become important for the development of such digital video systems. Dividing a video sequence into shots is the first step towards VCA and content-based video browsing and retrieval. This paper presents analysis of histogram based techniques on the compressed video features. Graphical User Interface is also designed in MATLAB to demonstrate the performance using the common performance parameters like, precision, recall and F1.


Objective To observe the lacrimal drainage system of conjunctivochaliasis with the lowest safety dose of ~(99m)Tc by using SPECT,to direct the clinical treatment option of conjunctivochaliasis and evaluate the treatment effect.Methods The lacrimal drainage conditions of 24 patients(40 eyes) with conjunctivochaliasis(10 eyes in each group according to clinical diagnostic degree) were observed by using SPECT.16 eyes with surgical operation were followed by post operation SPECT observation and clinical observation.Results With the relaxing degree of conjuctiva,the median transit time(T_(1/2)) of the lacrimal drainage was gradually prolonged as measured by 10 μCi/0.01 ml dose of()~(99m)Tc with-SPECT.There's significant difference(P=0.000 1) of T1/2 of degree Ⅲ group and of degree Ⅳ group than volunteer.Significant difference of T_(1/2) between degree Ⅲ/Ⅳ groups and degree Ⅰ/Ⅱ groups existed.So did significant difference of T_(1/2)(P=0.0001) between pre-operation and post operation.Conclusion The lacrimal drainage is prolonged in the conjunctivochaliasis patients.With the increase of serious dergee of conjunctivochaliasis,the lacrimal drainage time prolongs,which can be diagnosed through the lowest safety dose of ~(99m)Tc with SPECT and to help the clinical diagnosis.~(99m)Tc-SPECT shows that lacrimal drainage might recovere to normal after surgical operation.It can help to evaluate the operation efficacy for patients with conjunctivochaliasis of Ⅲ,Ⅳ degree.


Objective To analyze the imported malaria cases from Africa and Southeast Asia. Methods The epidemic malaria data were obtained from the network of National Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China. Results The incidence of imported malaria cases was greatly increased compared to the same period last year an an outbreak was recorded in Shanglin county. the imported malaria infection reached a peak in June and imported malaria were reported in 6 counties and 7 urban areas,and the number of cases were higher in counties than in cities. The age of the imported malaria cases were averagely(36.30±9.14)years and 99.2% of the malaria cases were those returned from Africa. Conclusions The number of imported malaria case showed an increasing trend,thus monitoring of workers returned from Africa be strengthened and the imported malaria cases be properly managed.


BACKGROUND: The glycophorin (GP) molecule associated with the GP.Dane phenotype is a GP(A‐B‐A) hybrid that contains some amino acids encoded by the Pseudoexon 3 of GYPB and Asn45 of GPA and carries the low‐prevalence MNS antigens DANE and Mur. Serum from a woman of English ancestry contained an immunoglobulin M alloantibody to a high‐prevalence MNS antigen, and the purpose of this study was to identify the molecular basis of her phenotype.


AbstractThere are several problems when dealing with oil-contaminated soil that affect environmental quality and alter the geotechnical properties of the soil. The influence of oil contamination on the uplift performance of model concrete piles embedded in sand at various densities is investigated. In this study, the model parameters are varied, namely, the thickness and diameter of the contaminated layer, type of oil contamination, pile surface roughness, and pile installation method. Contaminated-sand layers were prepared by mixing the sand with an oil content of 0–3% with respect to dry soil to match the field conditions. The results were then analyzed to study the effect of each parameter. To evaluate the scale effects, two sizes of model piles were tested, and the results were compared. This paper also discussed the effect of oil contamination on the relative ground movement around the pile surface. The results indicated that the uplift resistance was drastically reduced by oil contamination. The max...


The conventional attitude-behavior consistency assumption in the information satisfaction literature is challenged and the effects that users' personality attributes may have on the measurement of the satisfaction construct are discussed. A series of theoretical and methodological assessments led the author of this paper to believe that one's overt response toward an attitude object is not necessarily related directly to one's previous attitudes. The implications of this finding are discussed.


Healthcare quality has been "front and center" in many newspaper, news television, and news magazine features. In healthcare professional literature, It is a rare journal that does not cite an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report from the Quality Chasm Series such as, To Err is Human or Crossing the Quality Chasm (IOM, 1999: IOM. 2001: IOM, 2003: IOM, 2010J. As you might expect, the authors in this issue cite these multiple times. This is as It should be. In all other areas of commerce, consumers demand the highest quality they can afford In all of their products and services. In most other areas of commerce, quality Is relatively easy to discern. The consumer can pick the product up, hold it to the light, and see Its flaws or Imperfections. For services, the consumer can ask her neighbor or search the Internet about whether the service was any good. The unusual part of healthcare is that the products and services are often so unique to the consumer that comparison seems impossible. The culture has evolved in such a way that It almost seems rude to ask.Quality Is a concept. It expresses people's perceptions of what makes something seem better or worse In some way that can only be measured by proxy, comparison, or using some abstract metric. Authors In this OJIN topic give their unique perspectives on quality, Its measurement, and outcomes of quality research and application work starting with a broad overview of quality perspectives, followed by specific applications In research and clinical care, and ending with an overview of the National Quality Strategy that helps readers answer questions they may have about where nurses can fit in discussions about quality at various levels.Before nurses can truly engage In quality policy and quality research, they must first learn about quality in context of their nursing roles. Dolansky and Moore explain the value of teaching and using systems thinking In quality. Their article, Quality and Safety Education for Nurses IOSEN): The Key is Systems Thinking, presents the QSEN educational Initiative and Its growth since Its inception. QSEN gives a framework for applying the systems approach to healthcare quality. Using this systems approach, nurses can multiply their personal efforts and accelerate healthcare quality and safety Improvements. The authors provide an overview of the QSEN competencies and educational programs that make this acceleration possible with examples of applications of the framework.The next article, The Influence of Quality Improvement Efforts on Patient Outcomes And Nursing Work: A Perspective from Chief Nursing Officers at Three Large Health Systems, highlights this systems approach In practice by discussing quality projects in action. Authors, Weston and Roberts, contextualize three quality and performance Improvement initiative vignettes with contributions from Chief Nursing Officers at the Department of Veterans Affairs, Kaiser Permanente, and Ascension Health. Each of the three systems has recently made significant Investments Into quality programs. The article describes how each system's forward-thinking projects approached quality Improvement from different, but equally valuable perspectives.An Academic Practice Partnership: Helping New Registered Nurses to Advance Quality and Patient Safety takes the QSEN framework one step further. Flores, Hickenlooper, and Saxton provide an example of an academicpractice partnership that engaged undergraduate nursing students Into the organizational level of quality Improvement. Students worked with preceptors, faculty, and other organization staff at a large medical center to collect, analyze, and disseminate quality-related findings. The establishment of an academic-practice partnership allowed the organization to Improve quality, while also giving students a much needed background In quality Improvement.In Building Linkages between Nursing Care and Improved Patient Outcomes: The Role of Health Information Technology. …


In this paper the clamping forces of the HSK-E50 toolholder-spindle interface was first analysed and found the FEM analysis model. Then calculated the stress distribution of toolholder-spindle interface respectively effects by the spindle speed, interference and pull in force and finally find out how this three factors influence the connection characteristics of HSK-E50. The research results provide the designer a theoretical basis for designing and applying HSK tool system of the high speed spindle.


Evidence is limited for influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza among young children. Using test-negative design (a modified case-control study) which minimizes confounding by health care-seeking behavior and misclassification of diseases, we aimed to monitor influenza VE among young children in Japan where all approved influenza vaccines are egg-propagated, inactivated formulations (IIV).

 For seasons spanning 2013-14 to 2017-18 in Osaka and Fukuoka Prefectures, Japan, we employed prospective, active, and systematic recruitment of children aged <6 years who visited collaborating pediatric clinics within 7 days of influenza-like illness onset. Nasal aspirates were tested for influenza by real-time RT-PCR. Date of vaccination was confirmed by medical records or maternal and child health handbooks. Cases and controls were defined as being PCR-positive and -negative, respectively. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted VE ([1 - adjusted odds ratio] × 100%).

 We analyzed 4,614 subjects including 1,917 cases. VEs of IIV with 2 doses approximated 50%, ranging from 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14 % to 60%) in 2016-17 season to 63% (95% CI: 45% to 76%) in 2017-18 season. Significant VEs were also shown for predominant circulating strains every season, irrespective of their antigenic match to vaccine strains (56% and 65% for A[H1N1]pdm, 37% and 50% for A[H3N2], and 60% for B[Yamagata]).

 IIV provided modest and significant protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza in young Japanese children.

 Test-negative design is useful for monitoring influenza VE.


High salt diet-induced alteration in vascular reactivity in wild-type and adenosine A2A receptor null mice Isha Pradhan Alteration in vascular reactivity serves as a marke r for cardiovascular disease. Enhancement of vasodilatory response through adenos ine A2A receptor (A2AAR) signaling against high salt (HS) diet is speculated to be an adaptive response as salt-sensitive rats showed upregulation of A2AAR and cyp-epoxygenases but salt-resistant rats did not. However, no direct evidence is available showing th e compensatory role of A 2 AR signaling upon salt loading. For this, understandin g the functional and biochemical outcome of HS diet on vascular tone regulation and its underlying signaling mechanism in the presence and absence of A 2AAR is required. This dissertation was carried out t o investigate the role of A 2AAR and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) on HS-modula ted vascular reactivity and its signaling pathway invol ved using A2AAR +/+ and A2AAR -/mice. Isometric tension measurement and western blot stud ies were conducted to evaluate aortic reactivity and underlying signaling mechanis m in HS and normal salt (NS) fed A2AAR +/+ and A2AAR -/mice. Our data demonstrated clear differences in v ascular reactivity and their signaling mechanism between A 2AAR +/+ and A2AAR -/mice on a HS diet. HS diet enhanced vascular relaxation to adeno sine in A2AAR +/+ mice, while HS diet amplified contraction to adenosine in A 2A R -/mice. In the presence of A 2 AR, we found that enhanced vascular relaxation to HS is mediated through A2AAR coupled with EETs that activate peroxisome proliferator activated rec eptor-gamma (PPAR γ) leading to opening of ATP-sensitive K+ (K ATP) channels downstream. In contrary, in the absence o f A2AAR, HS-elicited amplified contraction is found to o ccur through loss of vasodilatory response and its signaling involving EETs and PPAR γ and increased vasoconstrictors such as adenosine A 1 receptor (A1AR) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that degrades EETs. Most importantly, our finding r evealed that increasing EETs availability through sEH inhibition could be a pote ntial strategy to improve exaggerated vascular contraction in HS-fed A 2 AR -/mice.


Large-scale assessment programs are beginning to design group assessment tasks in which small groups of students collaborate to solve problems or complete projects. Little is known, however, about the validity of data from group assessment for making inferences about the competence of individual students. This study compared performance in small-group and individual assessment contexts to determine how well achievement scores from the group setting represented the mathematics skills of individual students and to determine what additional information about students' skills was provided by data on their behavior in the group setting. All students performed at high levels in the group setting; the profile of group interaction was a better predictor of individual achievement than was individual performance in the group setting.


The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of physical environment on both organizational commitment and safety behavior, the mediating effect of organizational commitment in the relationship between physical environment and safety behavior, and the moderating effect of safety climate in the relationship organizational commitment and safety behavior. Date were gathered from 281 employees who were working in manufacturing organization in Korea. The collected data were statistically analyzed though t-test, correlation analysis and Structural Equation Model(SEM) with SPSS 18.0, AMOS 18.0. The results showed that physical environment, organizational commitment, and safety climate had positive relationships with safety behavior. And Organizational commitment partially mediated the relationship between physical environment and safety behavior. But, safety climate hadn't a moderating effect between organizational commitment and safety behavior. Finally, implication of result and future research task were discussed with limitations.


-Water being most important and basic resource for crop production is always in high demand. The scarcity of water reflects upon photosynthesis, translocation, respiration utilization of minerals and cell division. Due to water deficiency, many draught prone areas and uneven rainfall in India, it is important to mitigate water losses and to increase efficient use of water for better yield of crops and vegetation. The water needs in India can be fulfilled in much greater potential by use of hydrogel and such super absorbent polymers. Hydrogel is a polymer which is cross linked structure. It can absorb up to 30-40 times of its weight in pure water and then forms gel granules. It increases the water holding capacity, water efficiency, and permeability. It helps in reducing the irrigation frequency, dry density, water runoff. It can be degraded by both living and non-living environment factors. Hence practical application of hydrogel is much important in drought prone areas.


A seismic field recorder has been developed based on the MC6800 microprocessor [W.M. Adams, Geophys. Prospect. (to be published, 1977)]. This allows the real‐time implementation of algorithms for selecting the signals from the microseismic background and hence for recording primarily signals. The advantages are the greatly reduced amount of recording media that must be processed at the central data‐processing depot and the reduction in the amount of data processing that must be done later; the current disadvantages are the battery requirements, the complexity of the equipment, and the lack of effective algorithms. The first two defects will be solved by component evolution; here we discuss the last factor. The present system is not self‐adapting. Instead, continuously recorded data are processed by heuristic procedures to find an improved method of selecting the signals from the background. Because of spurious impulsive noise, an energy‐content discriminator followed by a zero‐crossing (frequency) discrim...


On the basis of Landauer – Datta – Lundstrom transport model the following characteristics of graphene such as the density of electronic states and the carriers concentration dependence on gate voltage, the number of modes dependence on energy and maximum conductivity value, different mechanisms of carriers scattering in graphene, and the corresponding mobility in graphene determined through the Drude formula, the cyclotron frequency and the carriers effective mass in graphene, frequency limits for graphene FET, phonon density of states function, conductivity of p-n junction in the graphene channel, the relative contribution of electrons and phonons into the thermal conductivity of graphene, dependence of Seebeck coefficient in graphene on gate voltage are discussed in the tutorial article directed to serve researchers, university teachers and students. The article also presents a brief review of the development of a graphene physics, the references for the main works both theoretical and experimental in the field of graphene studies are presented. It is stressed, that the examination within the generalized Landauer – Datta – Lundstrom transport model enables the non-contradictory description of plentitude of physical phenomena in graphene, which obviously can not be described within a traditional approach, based on Drude model. The theoretical examination in the article is always followed with a comparison with available experimental data. It is demonstrated how graphene due to its unique physical characteristics permits to reveal relativistic effects, typical for a high energy physics in the 'writing desk top' experiments. Finally, the perspectives of the application of graphene and graphene-like materials in modern nanoelectronics devices are discussed.


Cardinality estimation plays an important role in network security. It is widely used in host cardinality calculation of high-speed network. However, the cardinality estimation algorithm itself is easy to be disturbed by random factors and produces estimation errors. How to eliminate the influence of these random factors is the key to further improving the accuracy of estimation. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an algorithm that uses artificial neural network to predict the estimation bias and adjust the cardinality estimation value according to the prediction results. Based on the existing algorithms, the novel algorithm reduces the interference of random factors on the estimation results and improves the accuracy by adding the steps of cardinality estimation sampling, artificial neural network training, and error prediction. The experimental results show that, using the cardinality estimation algorithm proposed in this paper, the average absolute deviation of cardinality estimation can be reduced by more than 20%.


In article theoretical and empirical methods of research have been used: essence of the concepts «innovation», «innovative activity», «innovative process», etc. are considered by the author. Classifications of innovations by various signs are investigated. Introductions of an innovative component to technology of food and the offer of special services, application of the interactive (electronic) menu of the screen tablet on tables, the touch display, application of a QR code in marketing of the enterprise, the LED technology of the notification, food 3-D printers, touch producers of food, use of three-dimensional projections for demonstration of preparation of dishes, automation and informatization of processes at the enterprises, use of web and telecommunication technologies is analyzed in the article. The main directions of development of modern technologies in institutions of restaurant economy are: creation of restaurants as Free Floor; opening of food-courts; creation of the conceptual enterprises of restaurant economy; expansion of a network of the virtual restaurants providing the order on the Internet and delivery to the consumer; preparations of dishes in the presence of visitors; organization of service for system catering and others. New ideas, advanced restaurant products and services, technological processes, forms of the organization and management will be result of innovative development of institutions of restaurant economy. Introduction of innovations isn`t cheap, however having offered exclusive menus and services for clients, restaurant institutions are capable to ensure a survival and profit. Processes of high-quality transformation of the sphere in general and ensuring competitiveness of her separate objects are result of introduction of innovative technologies of rendering of services and formation of service according to modern requirements. Innovative development of restaurant technologies increases competitiveness of an institution in modern severe conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the main current trends of development of science and equipment, a novelty and the invention in food sphere and in the market of services.


This is a catalogue of 1081 new nominal taxa and 372 new combinations or names with new ranks of available scientific names given to the oligochaetes in freshwater and marine families that have been described since the publication of the monograph by Brinkhurst & Jamieson (1971) and its supplement (Brinkhurst & Wetzel 1984). Eight names are listed for the family Alluroididae, seven for the Capilloventridae, 26 for the Haplotaxidae, 144 for the Lumbriculidae, 75 for the Naididae, two for the Opistocystidae, 11 for the Parvidrilidae, 51 for the Phreodrilidae, 34 for the Pristinidae, six for the Randiellidae, one for the Tiguassidae, and 1088 for the Tubificidae. In the Propappidae and the Narapidae there are no new names or combinations subsequent to 1984. Families with predominantly terrestrial species are excluded from this paper. More than half of the species-group names, 54.4%, belong to marine taxa.


Strategic leadership capabilities are needed in the new competitive landscape expected for the 21 st century.  Humanand social capital are source of sustainable competitive advantage for organization and, therefore, should be carefullynurtured and developed.This research investigates the impact of intellectual capital components and Strategic leadership on the competitive advantage. The empirical findings indicate that the relational capitaland the structural capital have positive impact on competitive advantage. The study used a survey strategy "self-administered questionnaire", to collect data.Both the relational capital andthe structural capital account for 48.4% of the competitive advantage. It is unexpected to find that thehuman capital does not have a significant direct impact on competitive advantage. However, it is valid tostate that the human capital indirectly and significantly influences competitive advantage as it isembedded in the relational capital. The effect of the relational capital on competitive advantage ismoderated by gender and age. The effect is strongest among younger men. In the case of the structuralcapital its effect is moderated by gender only such that the effect is slightly stronger for females ratherthan males.The statisticresults found that there is significant positive impact of strategic leadership capabilities on sustainable competitiveadvantage Keyword: intellectual capital, strategic leadership, competititive advantage


ABSTRACT Substantial costs are associated with the treatment of nosocomial infections, 2 million cases of which occur annually in the United States. Hospital-acquired, gram-negative infection has b...