Unhappily, Evans' notes are at the back of the book, where one has to continually flip back and forth between the text and its references. Nevertheless, they are complete and illuminating. A fine, though sometimes excessively judgmental, bibliographic essay follows the notes, and a useful index concludes the work. Music education historians have not yet had to deal with postmodem criticism in a serious way as have their colleagues in American history, education history, or musicology. Nevertheless, there is much to be gained by looking across the campus to see what goes on in related areas. Michael Bentley and Richard J. Evans have much to offer that is of value, and music education historians will benefit greatly by what they have to say. It can never be a waste of time to consider what history is and why it is worthwhile. Bentley and Evans provide two very reasonable and useful essays that may help music education historians define and defend their own work.


Objective To observe the protective effect of total flavonoids from hawthorn leaf on ligation-induced acute myocardial ischemia in anesthetized dogs. Methods The coronary arteries of anesthetized dogs were ligated to induce the model of acute myocardial ischemia. The indexes including the changes of ST segment in electrocardiogram (∑-ST and N-ST) and the release of LDH and CK were measured after treatment. Meanwhile,the size of myocardial ischemia was observed by TTC staining method. Result Total flavonoids from hawthorn leaf depressed the increase of ∑-ST and N-ST,decreased the release of LDH and CK,and reduced the myocardial ischemic size. Conclusion Total flavonoids from hawthorn leaf has an effect on relieving myocardial ischemia.


The stability problem of the Wonham filter with respect to initial conditions is addressed. The case of ergodic signals is revisited in view of a gap in the classic work of H. Kunita (1971). We give new bounds for the exponential stability rates, which do not depend on the observations. In the nonergodic case, the stability is implied by identifiability conditions, formulated explicitly in terms of the transition intensities matrix and the observation structure.


The LED Display is usually used in the situation of head-up watching.The luminous intensity distribution in the upward 50%power angle is wasted.This paper presents a new asymmetric LAMP design concept that part of the luminous intensity in the upward 50%power angle can be transformed to the downward.After implementing the new design,the upward 50%power angle is reduced to 20° and the downward 50%power angle is increased to 40°.The luminous intensity of asymmetric LAMP in the downward 50%power angle increase 30% than the common LAMP.At the same time,the consistency of the light-matching also improved significantly,and the color bias of the display can be decreased.


The introduction of a wide array of financial instruments, alongside increased complexity has rendered it crucial for financially vulnerable groups like women to understand the real premises on which they are centered as opposed to being simply aware of them. The study using statistical tools including Descriptives, ANOVA, Chi-Square, Factor analysis conducted during October 2020 - January 2021 assessed financial literacy levels among salaried women in Ludhiana City and its effect on financial behaviour, found the average financial literacy score to be 68%, being higher than OECD financial literacy survey score of 60.48%. Additionally, financial literacy had significant effect on respondents' subsequent financial behaviour.


The Sorcerer II is the highly mediatized and spectacular Venter Institute's ship that circumnavigated the planet between 2003 and 2006 to collect and classify marine microbial genomes. We analyze Craig Venter's public communication activities and strategies especially focusing on the images of science and scientist he proposes: that of an eighteenth-century "savant" and nineteenth-century naturalist devoted to the exploration of new worlds, and that of the hacker, hero of informational capitalism. Emphasizing his independence from both academy and industry, but building strong alliances with both spheres and with the media, Craig Venter sails the oceans of the contemporary biotechnologies' market, interpreting a specific typology of the relationship between science and society, enterprises, universities.


In 'The law of selection in the public economy as compared to the market economy', Professor Francesco Forte (1982) – contemporary doyen of theScienza delle finanzetradition – extended an invitation to consider the public economy by means of evolutionary principles of selection. Not many replied to Professor Forte's invitation. This article is a delayed response to the invitation. Through a parallel with a metaphor from Lewis Carroll, it proposes the Political Red Queen hypothesis: politicians work to stay in power by weakening the evolutionary pressure under which they would otherwise naturally operate. A Political Red Queen exerts effort –runs, in the language of Carroll's original Red Queen metaphor – to make policy, promulgate laws, supply public and merit goods, and so on with the prime objective to survive by reducing the uncertainty linked to maintaining a political role. A Political Red Queen thus works to weaken 'natural' political selection. The Political Red Queen hypothesis is shown to hold,mutatis mutandis, for both democratic and non-democratic political environments. It can be viewed as incorporating a positive public choice nexus between politics-as-exchange and politics-as-power.


The hygiene supervisory criterion of dairy farm was established in th is article. As we know, the quality of fresh milk is closely related to the hygi ene of cow and cowshed. So we can greatly reduce the rate of disqualification, w hich resulted from the poor hygiene control of the cow and cowshed, by reinforce the hygiene control of the cow and cowshed. The hygiene control of cattle farm should be improved and a uniform rule of hygiene control was established, which is significant to ensure that we can provide certified milk to the public.


With three tasks, it was investigated what kind of shape information was involved in the visual object processing in perceptual decisions, such as detection, identification and categorization. Stimuli taken from Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) were modified with different levels of random noise. In the detection task, a modified line-drawing object (target) and a lure of random noise (non-target) were sequentially presented in random order. Observers were asked to choose which stimulus was the target. Detection thresholds (the level of random noise to detect target) were measured. In the identification task, an object description of the target was given before two modified line-drawing objects were presented. Observers were asked to choose the target. The procedure of the categorization task was almost identical to that of the identification task except that the object description was replaced with the category name. Accuracies were calculated in the last two tasks. The results of correlation analyses between the measurements and the shape-variables (e.g., the number of edges, the degree of the circularity or visual complexity) indicated that detection was related to the perception of the local edge, identification involved complexity of shape, and categorization depended on edge detection.


PROBLEM: To determine whether granulocyte macrophage (GM)‐colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced by autologous endometrial co‐culture was associated with outcome in 53 patients with a history of multiple in vitro fertilization failures.


Programming languages evolve as the need for higher abstraction level increases. To satisfy these needs, languages introduce new features, which are usually additional elements, but many times these are not orthogonal to the existing ones. The C++ programming language is planned with backward compatibility kept in mind between particular releases. However, some of the new features introduced by C++11, like move semantics or multi-threading required the change of the standard library API and this leads to deviation in the meaning of existing programs. In this article we draw the attention on some of these semantic changes and provide a tool for automatically detecting them.


PRIMATES MUST EAT to survive; the acquisition of food resources is thus among one of the most signifi cant selective pressures affecting their biology. The necessity of fi nding food to meet nutritional requirements must be balanced with avoiding predation and securing mates, and thereby infl uences primate physiology, ecology, activity, movement, and social relationships. All animals, including primates, should typically avoid expending energy through unnecessary travel, and should eat the most nutritious foods available to them. In a classic study of baboons (Papio cynocephalus), Altmann found that the closer an individual's foraging approached the optimal amounts of protein and energy (Pyke 1984), the higher its fi tness (Altmann 1991; Altmann et al. 1993; Altmann 1998). Because of the importance of food as a selective pressure for so many aspects of primate biology, it is not surprising that primate feeding ecology has received considerable attention in the literature over the past 25 years (CluttonBrock 1977; Milton 1980; Cant & Temerin 1984; Rodman & Cant 1984; Hohmann et al. 2006). Here we examine the feeding problems primates encounter and the strategies they employ to satisfy their nutritional needs. We also consider the consequences of adopting specifi c strategies. Our goal is to evaluate what is known about primate diets and to stimulate research on primate foraging strategies by identifying new ways to interpret diet and feeding data. We start by reviewing primate nutritional requirements, diets, and digestive strategies. We then address three central problems in the study of primate feeding biology: how do foraging strategies infl uence primates with respect to their (1) ecology and distribution, (2) movement and ranging patterns, and (3) behavior and social organization. For each problem, we present basic information and an illustrative example. We conclude with a summary of how feeding and foraging biology impacts the conservation potential of a species.


We analyze and summarize the literatures on secure routing protocols published since 2003.Firstly,threats and attacks on sensor network routing are sorted and summarized.Then the current secure routing protocols are also classified.According to the taxonomy,some typical secure routing protocols are clarified particularly.Besides,the advantage and disadvantage of these secure routing protocols are compared and analyzed.Finally,we conclude this paper and prospect the future work.


6 Evaluasi Kualitas Website Pemerintah Daerah Dengan Menggunakan WebQual 4.0 Pada Instansi Pemerintahan ABC Arial 11 M.Afriansyah; Andi Sunyoto; Asro Nasiri 1,2,3) Magister Teknik Informatika, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta 1) email@example.com, 2) email@example.com, 3) firstname.lastname@example.com ....... ....... 11 ABSTRACT The purpose of website quality evaluation is helping ABC Government Institution to determine the significant influence of usability, information quality, and service interaction as a whole and partially. The research examines the relationship of usability, information quality, and service interaction in influencing the quality of the website in accordance with the reference webQual 4.0, by distributing questionnaires data processed using SPSS and analyzed by multiple regression analysis methods. The results of the analysis of all questions in the questionnaire were valid and reliable, the Cronbach alpha value for each statement> 0.1875. The influence of X1 usability, X2 information quality, and X3 service interaction variables on website Y1 quality is 63.8%. The value of Adjusted R Square is 0.407 or 40.7% the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. In this study, the regression model equation is Y = 0.96 + 0.517X1 + 0.754X2 + 0.760X3. The evaluation of website quality should be done on dimensions or variable usability. Thus, the respondents feel less understanding or have inconvenience in operating the website, and also find some difficult to explore the website.


A method is proposed for detecting the lateral travel distance of a target via a simple system that is composed of sequential lobing in combination with two-frequency CW radar as well as a simple signal processing method that only uses four basic arithmetic operations. With this method the lateral travel speed is estimated by substituting [the measured angle error and the distance between the target and the sensor] for [the reciprocal of the angle error coherent to the system]. Experiments took place using an X-band sensor and the proposed method in order to measure the error involved. The results of the measurements were then used to propose a method of judging whether the detection rate of the target improved while also leading to a lower rate of false detections.


Iron overload (IO) in HFE‐related hereditary haemochromatosis is associated with increased risk of liver cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of other genes involved in hereditary IO among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).


ABSTRACT Red chert attributed to the Munsungun Lake geologic formation located in northern Maine is common in terminal-Pleistocene, fluted-point-period lithic assemblages throughout New England. A visually identical material also appears in some later-period sites in coastal Maine. Until recently no bedrock source for this red chert showing convincing evidence of precontact use was known. Here we present the NKP site complex, a series of quarry-related stone-tool-manufacturing workshop sites associated with outcrops of high-quality red/green chert. These outcrops represent the only known source of this material with evidence of precontact human use within the Munsungun Lake formation. Although unequivocal fluted-point-period artifacts, such as fluted bifaces, are not yet documented at the NKP complex, the recurrent appearance of red Munsungun chert in fluted-point-period lithic assemblages in New England suggests the manufacture of fluted points took place in the vicinity of these outcrops.


ZnO and CdO:ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by sol-gel precipitation method. The structural analysis shows composite structure for CdO:ZnO nanoparticles with (002) and (111) phase. The SEM images show wedge like morphology and 3-D hexagonal morphology with ∼110 nm in size. The uniform growth of CdO:ZnO nanoparticles were observed in EDS element mapping image. LPG sensing was observed for CdO:ZnO nanoparticle with rapid sensing response 8.69% at operating temperature 50°C. This sensing response can be accounted due by absorption ions reactions at low operating temperature.ZnO and CdO:ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by sol-gel precipitation method. The structural analysis shows composite structure for CdO:ZnO nanoparticles with (002) and (111) phase. The SEM images show wedge like morphology and 3-D hexagonal morphology with ∼110 nm in size. The uniform growth of CdO:ZnO nanoparticles were observed in EDS element mapping image. LPG sensing was observed for CdO:ZnO nanoparticle with rapid sensing response 8.69% at operating temperature 50°C. This sensing response can be accounted due by absorption ions reactions at low operating temperature.


Chances and limits of the analysis of wood markets Recent approaches of behavioural economics and agent-based modeling can enhance knowledge about market processes and results and widen the focus for the assessment of future market developments by emphasising the individual behaviour of market participants and scenario techniques. In this article we resume possible contributions of the particular approaches to better describe, explain and forecast real market developments. The exposition is based on state-of-the-art knowledge and reflects insights gained during the 8th Forest Economic Seminar in autumn 2011, where researchers and practitioners presented their findings.


This paper introduces some common methods for downloading the network information through IE,off-line browser,special downloading software and other tools,expounds in detail the retrieval results with bibliographic database,software and the downloading methods for different kinds of documents,and puts forward some problems needing attention in downloading network information.


Abstract : In 1987, the U.S. Congress assigned the Secretary of Defense the job of determining requirements for and managing the National Defense Stockpile (NDS) of "strategic and critical" non-fuel materials (S&CMs). Since then, the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) has provided regular analytic support to the Department of Defense (DOD) in structuring and implementing a stockpile requirements assessment process. This paper summarizes IDA's latest analytic support to the DOD and the Defense National Stockpile Center (DNSC) in the NDS program area, including analyses to support DOD's ongoing transition from an NDS to a Strategic Materials Security Program (SMSP).


In this paper, techniques, developed by Finn and Gilbarg for compressible flow past a profile are utilized and generalized to deal with linear and nonlinear boundary conditions for the mass flux for interior regions. Partial uniqueness is demonstrated for a subsonic flow in a class of mixed flows.


DESIGN COMPLEXITY is continually rising with the higher levels of integration implied by Moore's law. Functional complexity increases with our ability to incorporate more computation in SoCs and to create more complex applications. Additional complexity is also introduced in the design process by the need to control power consumption and to tackle challenges with respect to physical timing closure and process variations. Automation is required to manage all this complexity, allowing designers to focus their attention on high-level design decisions that have the most effect in the quality of the implementation. Raising the level of abstraction of hardware design is also required to enable an effective exploration of software and hardware architectures, making high-level synthesis (HLS) a cornerstone of electronic system-level (ESL) design. High-level synthesis tools today take functional specifications in high-level languages and generate RTL or gate-level specifications that can be used in well-established RTL synthesis and place-and-route flows. The generated RTL is optimized to the specific target ASIC or FGPA technology. RTL specifications with a wide range of performance, area, and power characteristics may be generated from a single source specification making the input specification highly reusable. The behavior of the generated hardware can be verified against the high-level specification using either simulation techniques or sequential formalequivalence checking. The productivity gain of using HLS is obtained not only by its speeding up hardware creation but also by its facilitating the verification of the generated hardware. The first article in this special issue, written by Philippe Coussy et al., presents an overview of basic HLS techniques and introduces the reader to industrial tools with more specific details on two representative leading commercial HLS tools. High-level synthesis began almost three decades ago as an ambitious attempt to provide a path from an algorithm to a custom digital hardware implementation tuned for that algorithm. It is ambitious in that HLS needs to excel at optimizing the hardware architecture to be competitive with what a human designer is able to craft. Research interest in HLS peaked in the late 1980s and early 1990s, at which time much of the research attention shifted to hardware and software codesign and embedded system design. Nonetheless, research on HLS has continued at a steady pace with significant contributions made toward incorporating additional constraints such as power and process variability, optimizing communication between blocks, optimizing arithmetic expressions, and improving on traditional HLS optimizations. Although the adoption of HLS has had a number of false starts, there are clear indications that HLS can no longer be dismissed as a ''lab experiment.'' In fact, several hundred ASIC tape-outs have been completed with HLS being used for designing significant or differentiating portions of them. Many more FPGA designs have also been completed with the help of HLS. The second article in this issue, written by Grant Martin and Gary Smith, provides an excellent account of the history and evolution of HLS from research to its current level of industry adoption. There are many lessons to be learned from understanding the trajectory of HLS about the do's and don'ts of introducing design automation into realworld design flows. Their article also supplies market data that shows the significant growth that the HLS market has experienced over the past five years. High-Level Synthesis


The impact of retrievably storing spent fuel is measurable in terms of the contribution the stored spent fuel makes to implementing the fuel management option selected. For the case of a decision to recycle LWR fuel in LWRs, a useful indicator of impact is the ratio of energy production with varying degrees of spent fuel retrievability to that achievable with total spent fuel retrievability. For a decision made in the year 2000, this ratio varies from 0.81 (10 yr storage in reactor basins) to 0.97 (retrievable storage for 25 years after fuel discharge). An earlier decision to recycle in LWRs results in both of these ratios being nearer to 1.0. If a decision is reached to implement a breeder reactor economy, the chosen comparison is the installed breeder capacity achievable with varying degrees of spent fuel retrievability. If a decision to build breeder reactors is reached in the year 2000, the maximum possible installed breeder capacity in 2040 varies from 490 GWe (10 yr storage in reactor basins) to 660 GWe (all fuel retrievably stored). If all fuel is retrievably stored 25 years, 635 GWe of breeder capacity is achievable by 2040. For an earlier decision date, such as 1985,more » the maximum possible installed breeder capacity in 2040 ranges from 740 GWe (no retrievable storage) to 800 GWe (all fuel retrievably stored). As long as a decision to reprocess is reached before 2000, most of the potential benefit of retrievable storage may be realized by implementing retrievable storage after such a decision is made. Neither providing retrievable spent fuel storage prior to a decision to reprocess, nor designing such storage for more than 25 years of retrievability appear to offer significant incremental benefit.« less


Based on references, this paper sums up the progress of research on bio-availability of calcium in soil, its interaction with other elements, its fixation, as well as its transportation. In addition, the principle of dressing calcium is put forward. The principle is that the calcium fertilizer should be proportional and keep the other elements in balance.


We will report centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out temperature ($T_{ch}$), light quark chemical potential ($\mu_{q}$), strange quark chemical potential ($\mu_{s}$), and strangeness saturation factor ($\gamma_{s}$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 and 200 GeV. A systematic study for combination of ratios for chemical freeze-out fit is studied and we have found small ombination dependences. The results show $\gamma_{s}$ increasing with centrality but the other parameters have less sensitivity to the centralities.


BY FRANK P. SHERWOOD AND BEATRICE MARKEY. (University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. 1959. Pp. 24. $.60.) Personnel Problems in Converting to Automation: Inter-University Case Program, No. 44BY JAMES R. BELL AND LYNWOOD B. STEEDMAN. (University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. 1959. Pp. 14. $.45.) Moses on the Green: Inter-University Case Program, No. 45. BY JOHN B. KEELEY (University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. 1959. Pp. 7. $.25.) The Reorganization of Philadelphia General Hospital: Inter-University Case Program,


Objective: To study initially the pharmacological effect of polysaccharides in codonopsis pilosula on antitumor in vivo.Methods: The models of mice bearing S180 ascites tumor cells in abdominal cavity were given to polysaccharides in codonopsis pilosula by gavage as the dosage of 1g/kg·d.After 7 days their survival time was measured and recorded.Results: The survival time was prolonged in treatment group compared to control group,and the rate was 34.29%.Conclusion: Polysaccharides in codonopsis pilosula can prolong the survival time of mice bearing S180 ascites tumor cells in abdominal cavity.


The mathematical concept of fuzzy sensitivity analysis, which studies the effects of the fuzziness of input fuzzy numbers on the fuzziness of the output fuzzy number, is described in the article. The output fuzzy number is evaluated using Zadeh's general extension principle. The contribution of stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty in reliability analysis tasks of building structures is discussed. The algorithm of fuzzy sensitivity analysis is an alternative to stochastic sensitivity analysis in tasks in which input and output variables are considered as fuzzy numbers.


In addition to actinomycins D, X2 and X0β, Streptomyces antibioticus No. B-1625 produces minor acidic actinomycin congeners (FA-components). To increase the production of the FA-components, improvement of medium constituents was attempted for both chemically defined and complex media. Addition of trace metals, especially FeSO4, increased FA-components production and, moreover, the addition of sarcosine was found to increase the production of a selected component, B-1625 FA2β. Finally, a complex medium, consisting of starch 3.0, Polypepton 0.1, meat extract 0.1, corn steep liquor 3.0, NaCl 0.3, CaCO3 0.3, sarcosine 0.1 and FeSO4 · 7H2O 0.05%, was developed for the increased production of FA-components, in particular, the selected component of B-1625 FA2β.


Folate contributes to the accumulation of DNA strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome. Kdm6a plays a critical role in early embryogenesis but it is unknown whether Kdm6a is involved in the DNA damage response under folate deficiency. Here, we established a low folate environment for mouse embryonic cells using a folate antagonist (methotrexate, MTX). We found increased enrichment of DSBs in Kdm6a in MTX-treated cells, resulting in reduced Kdm6a expression. MTX treatment enriched KDM6A in the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway and controlled the expression of the Ku heterodimer (Ku70/80) and XRCC4. The activation of NHEJ repair pathway-associated genes under folate deficiency relied on the specific interaction between KDM6A and p53. p53 silencing increased Ku heterodimer expression. In addition, in a neural tube defect (NTD) mouse model and low folate neural tube defect human brain samples, KDM6A levels were also decreased and accompanied by over-expression of Ku80. Our findings highlight how alterations in folate levels affect KDM6A with respect to DNA breakage and DNA repair, offering a new insight into the molecular function of KDM6A. Summary statement Our study demonstrates for the first time that in mammals, Kdm6a and p53 have synergistic effects during DNA fragmentation repair.


With the practical production of the stone breaking factory.Through introducing the formation of equipment,the properties parameter and the technical process of the production.The paper concluded the key of technical producing the quality gravel.


In this paper we present a private cloud for satellite data processing and expect to see increased throughput, significant cost reduction in the compute infrastructure, easy management of the system and low maintenance over a conventional multi core desktop satellite data processing system. In Satellite data processing; "Data product generation" is an engineering activity, often used to process the satellite data and produce the data products, called "value added data products", such data products are good quality images improved in radiometry and geometry over the raw/unprocessed data. These, data products are often used in analysing the earth observation systems such as object detection, object change analysis, urban image mapping etc. In Remote Sensing field, the satellite images are acquired at the ground stations from the various satellite sensors in the earth orbit; and are archived at Data Centres for data product generation and application specific analysis. Here, we discuss one such existing satellite data processing systems based on MPI implementation for distributed processing on multi core desktop systems in a data centre and systematically analyses the systems limitations such as dynamic scaling of the computational resources, limitations in MPI (Message Passing Interface) based data product processing, low utilization of the physical compute resources and show the experimental results over processing on physical Vs virtual systems. Also, here we illustrate the technologies used in the private cloud for satellite


With the development of the Internet, the requirement of the unified network computing and storage will continue to increase, which will make the high speed transmitting technology to be adopted more widely. With the advantages of high speed and reliable, InfiniBand technology could load other protocol data units, and bring the convergence of InfiniBand and Ethernet. In this paper the conversion technologies between IB and Ethernet were introduced and compared. Firstly, we describe the stateless protocol converting mechanism, EoIB, and analyze the key technologies of address mapping and encapsulation of packets. Then, we design and implement the IB/Ethernet gateway. Finally we test the performance of EoIB, which demonstrates the validation and high efficiency of EoIB.


Quasilinear diffusion due to the presence of electromagnetic waves in a magnetized relativistic plasma is studied. It is shown that the diffusion equation contains a term (Ω/γ) ∂φ〈 f 0〉, thus taking into account finite gyroradii effects. Furthermore, it is shown that the diffusion coefficient is a tensor that has an antisymmetric part if the wave has a transverse component. Consequently, the quasilinear diffusion process due to transverse waves is described by an equation that contains a drag term.


In recent time, the spread of obesity and being overweight has been worldwide significant and is considered as one of the major public health issue. By observing present scenario the researchers have try to resolve them by introducing some methods like calorie measurement system. Therefore by measuring the calories we can keep our health good and fit. Using technology for fruit recognition and estimation of its calories is very useful to spread food culture and awareness among people in the age of obesity due to the bad habits of food consumption and wide range of inappropriate food products. Researchers have been working on developing a reliable image based system for fruit recognition and calories estimation. The system consists of six phases: input fruit photo, photo conversions, photo fragmentation, texture analysis, classification, counting the calorie. Dissimilar approaches have tackled the system from different features. This paper reviews the state of the art of this interesting application.


as the country wrestled with this question, and the matter was never settled. To this day we continue to struggle with the proper relationship between the church, the state, and the school. The Department of Education Battle is exceptional, and Slawson deserves appropriate recognition. This is not to say that the book is perfect. In spite of his extensive research, Slawson missed at least a few secondary sources that would have been useful to his study and, at times, the prose gets to be ponderous and convoluted. These are minor matters, however, in what will be considered an important work for many years to come.


A problem was given in the International Mathematical Olympiad in 1997 (IMO97‐Problem 4), which had a combinatorial nature. In this note we show the roots of this problem and its connections with other research problems in "defining sets" in graph colorings and in "critical sets" in latin squares. We also pose some open problems.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a shoe, a device for performing such a method as well as a shoe manufactured with such a method. According to one aspect of the invention, a method for producing a shoe is provided which comprises providing a three-dimensionally preformed first shoe component and machining the three-dimensionally preformed first shoe component, wherein the processing comprises an individually controllable sequence of processing steps.


McKee executed an interdisciplinary approach, utilizing methodologies of gender studies, art history, and cultural history to offer a new and focused study on one specific aspect of the Dreyfus Affair, a political scandal that divided France in the 1890s and the early 1900s. McKee argued that the Dreyfus Affair was a conduit through which the French articulated their social and political anxieties, including using the identity of Alfred Dreyfus as a Jewish man to reinforce those anxieties. Mr. McKee's GSI, for whose course the paper was written, observes, "McKee's use of foreign language newsprint, woodprints, contemporary sociological studies, and cartoons is superior; he is successful in his attempt to show how the Affair both fed and was the result of fear of French degeneration. [He] was able, with his strong knowledge of French and with the extensive resources available within the UC system, to incorporate numerous sources that went beyond a typical undergraduate paper. Mr. McKee enlightened students in my seminar, revealing to others the strength of our library."


PES has many attractive characteristics relative to other conservation approaches provided that transaction costs are low and other favorable conditions apply (see sections 2 and 3 of this Sourcebook). However, ascertaining PES's advantages requires measuring the effect of actual programs in the field. Such impact evaluation can also help in identifying opportunities for further improvements in efficiency of these programs and looking out for other environmental services that can find ready markets. For instance, with the feasibility of selling carbon sequestration services through afforestation and reforestation projects clearly established, researchers are now looking for ways to sell carbon credits from avoided deforestation.


This paper attempts to expand our collective knowledge of the value and impact of our work in Teacher Education with a specific focus on teachers who work within the first-year student learning environment in Higher Education contexts. The first-year teaching domain rests in the 'in-between' space between student-learning as a high school student and student-learning as a university scholar; this paper contributes to ongoing conversations in Higher Education contexts about the importance of teaching and teacher development in post-secondary learning environments. The study adopts an autoethnographic and a narrative case study approach to explore the experiences of five educators who self-report a professional preference for teaching direct-entry, first-year students at a large-scale research university. The paper contributes an in-depth description of how five university educators describe their pedagogical processes and professional identities in the first-year teaching and learning domain.


Photovoltaic cells for conversion of wavelengths in the O-band around 1310 nm are developed. Excellent performance with an efficiency of 51.1% at elevated irradiance is demonstrated with an InGaAsP based cell grown lattice matched on InP. Under one sun irradiance a bandgap-voltage difference of only WOC=331 mV is achieved. In addition, metamorphic GaInAs cells are introduced, which are grown on a step graded metamorphic buffer on GaAs substrates. Despite the metamorphic growth, good material quality as well as promising uniformity across a full 4" wafer are demonstrated with a median bandgap-voltage difference of WOC=226 mV at elevated short-circuit current densities of about 2.7 A/cm2.


Diarylacetylene monomers (1b−f) containing siloxy and either naphthyl, fluorenyl, or biphenyl groups were polymerized with TaCl5–n-Bu4Sn catalyst, and 1b, 1c, and 1f provided high molecular weight polymers. Free-standing membranes of polymers 2b, 2c, and 2f were fabricated by casting from toluene solution. Desilylation of these polymer membranes was carried out with trifluoroacetic acid to afford poly (diarylacetylenes) membranes having hydroxy groups (3b and 3c). According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), both siloxy-containing and hydroxy-containing polymers exhibited high thermal stability, and the onset temperatures of weight loss in air were ∼370 °C and ∼430 °C, respectively. The CO2 permeability coefficients of these membranes were in the range of 65–640 barrers. The points of 3b and 3c in the PCO2 versus PCO2/PCH4 plot were located above Robeson's upper bound. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4487–4495, 2007


A proposed Si-based series multi-gate E-MOSFET is discussed in terms of its design, static and dynamic transport properties and noise figure. In its simplest realization, the design involves two gates in series comprising an extra n(p)-doped junction in the p(n)-channel. The role of the nano-scale junction is twofold: to minimize the Miller effect in the enhancement mode to improve the frequency response and to create a quantum well to quench the current noise associated with the carrier velocity fluctuations. While dual-gate depletion structure results in a reduced carrier transition time along the entire channel path, the quantization effects serve as a current noise filter. Similar quantum valve can be realized in the form of a well both in nand p-channel enhancement mode FET, whereas the majority carriers experience a tunneling through a similar shape barrier. Doping concentration and size of the middle junction are free parameters and can be adjusted to the required figures of merit. AC device simulations confirm the expectations based on the along-the-channel potential profile: enhanced cutoff frequency and higher saturation current are the signatures of the reduced transition and RC-time, whereas the minimum noise figure and transfer functions demonstrate noise filtering capabilities of the state quantization.


Objectives:Explore the relationship with the depression in late-pregnancy and constitution in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:The study objects are pregnant women who examined in Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang Chinese medicine hospital in Xiasha and join the management of the health care system which have characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the study of maternal,I made pregnant women physical identification and filled out Self-rating Depression Scale.I used SPSS software for statistical analysis,count data for chi-square analysis.Results:This study shows that the incidence of depression in late-pregnancy was 24.51%,which proves that depression in late-pregnancy is a common and frequently-occurring disease. The occurrence of depression in late-pregnancy is deeply connected with postnatal physiological state.The incidence of depression in late-pregnancy of postnatal deviation constitution is clearly heightened.Conclusions:That made pregnant women physical identification,and used food or herbal medicine to correct the postnatal deviation constitution,can be propitious to cut down the incidence of depression in late pregnancy.


Based on bond graph theory, the bond model of a road smoothness measuring equipment vibration has been set up, and the state equation and the dynamic simulation program established. This paper also analyzed the effect of structure parameter on the vibration characteristics.


We demonstrate the highly precise active-synchronization between two independent Ti: sapphire femtosecond oscillators. A combination of three phase locked loops, is used to control the synchronization between two laser pulses, which gives a RMS timing jitter less than 30 fs. With the technique of cavity length monitoring and autocontrol by a computer, this highly precise synchronization can be retained for more than 40 minutes.


Transactions ensure database consistency even if there are hardware failures. It also maintains the integrity of data while permitting concurrent multiuser access. This paper discusses the ways and action of using transaction. [


We proposed an approach to obtain multiple and tunable Tamm modes in an one-dimensional metallo-dielectric geometry whose design facilitates a monotonic variation in phase-mismatch between the forward and backward propagating modes along the longitudinal direction and consequently, allows adiabatic intermodal energy transfer.


Introduction: Estuarine and coastal ecosystems are widely known for their high productivity [1], nutrient retention capacity, and as nutrient buffers that contribute to maintain ecosystem health. Hence, these ecosystems provide important ecological services, recognized as economical values to human population and to the overall system [2]. In saltmarshes, different plant species are adapted to different environmental conditions; this entails unique responses to eutrophication and pronounced differences among species with respect to carbon sequestration [3]. In the present study, we quantify and compare the contribution of Spartina maritima and Juncus maritimus to nitrogen and carbon retention capacity in the Ria de Aveiro saltmarshes.


An editorial is presented on the mitigating the July effect. Topics include the arrival of a crop of newly graduated medical students beginning their internships, the influx of so many freshly trained physicians arriving at the same time always triggers concern, and the belief in a July effect with presumed adverse consequences for patient safety and quality of care.


. The paper presents the results of microgeometry measurements of cut surfaces. The cutting was carried out using a Hypertherm hand plasma cutter. Samples made of copper, 0H18N9 stainless steel and S355E low-alloy steel were the used tests. The current values at which the smallest roughness of the cut surface was obtained for a given material were determined.


A case study is offered on management and personnel management. The dilemma posed for the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of a fictional Internet games industry firm which has used volunteers to design and construct its games as the company has grown to a point where it requires further venture capital funding and how hiring professional game developers rather than depend on volunteers would affect its marketing and investor relations is considered.


Miniaturized 3D package integration with piezo-magnetostrictive telemetry is analyzed towards advanced wireless medical systems. The paper is composed of three aspects. The first is to analyze telemetry using a multiferroic or piezo-magnetostrictive power interface. Parametric analysis was performed to estimate the impact of material, geometry and input magnetic fields. The second aspect is the process integration of devices and telemetry interfaces in 3D embedded packages for smallest form-factors. The telemetric interface and sensor devices are packaged in a flexible substrate with 3D interconnections, leading to miniaturized solutions. The sensor-communication and the power source flex layers are separately fabricated and connected with via-fill layers that are flex-compatible. Flex integration allows the devices to be functional on curved surfaces. In the final part, coupled magnetostrictive and piezoelectric films were considered to power devices in neural recording, neurostimulation and biophotonic systems. Power analysis requirements and piezo-magnetostrictive solutions for these specific scenarios is shown to illustrate the geometric compatibility towards emerging needs.


Measurements of volatile organic compounds can be necessary to ensure healthy indoor environments. Many methods exist to collect and analyze volatile organic compounds, and each technique is associated with characteristic issues that affect the identification and quantification of some volatile organic compounds. In this study, simultaneous samples of volatile organic compounds were collected during 30 test visits in 14 retail stores. Time-integrated measurements were made using Summa canisters, Tenax-GR sorbent tubes, and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine tubes. Time-resolved measurements were collected using photoionization detectors and colorimetric formaldehyde multimode monitors. Sampling with Summa canisters is less field intensive than with sorbent tubes; however, samples collected using Tenax-GR sorbent tubes indicated more possible exceedances of health guidelines compared to Summa canister samples. Photoionization detector total volatile organic compound concentrations were not directly correlated with Summa canister results even after correction for differential response to different volatile organic compounds. Formaldehyde monitor results were strongly correlated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine tube results for formaldehyde, and the two sampling techniques agreed on all exceedances of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) chronic recommended exposure limit (16 ppb) but not on exceedances of the stricter Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment chronic recommended exposure limit (7.3 ppb) at two stores. The formaldehyde monitor showed promising characteristics, supporting its further consideration as an indicator to control ventilation and/or environmental parameters in buildings where formaldehyde concentrations are of concern. The variation in results from various volatile organic compound sampling approaches can lead to different compliance levels with green building standards for a single building.


The U.S. Army maintains 979 million sq ft of space in 171,647 buildings worldwide. Thermal energy costs approximately $350 million per year, of which an estimated $84 million could be saved with simple building envelope construction techniques. Past design and construction standards depended on infiltration at weak points in the building envelope to bring fresh air inside. Extensive sealing and caulking followed by an introduction of outside air seems, at first, a contradiction. However, the combination of carefully sealing the building envelope and improving the ventilation system improves comfort, saves energy, controls moisture, increases indoor air quality, and, in general, increases user satisfaction. Thermal comfort is an important aspect of occupant comfort and subsequent productivity. With 1,334,352 Army employees and a $20 billion payroll, even a modest 5 percent increase in productivity could mean an annual savings of $1 billion. This report presents thermal comfort strategies relating to the use of cellulose insulation from both human comfort and technical perspectives. The report discusses some general concepts on human comfort, and briefly describes desirable thermal insulation properties and the attainment of these properties using cellulosic materials. Techniques for the selection and installation of cellulose insulation are described. The report also discussesmore » technical issues involved in general thermal comfort strategies, including: (1) infiltration, (2) thickness effects, (3) settling, and (4) blower door testing. Finally, technical standards are referenced for the selection and installation of cellulose-based insulation materials.« less


Many real-world problems involve simultaneous optimization of multiple objectives that often are competing. In such problems, the objectives to be optimized are normally in conflict with respect to each other, which means that there is no single solution for these problems and optimizing a particular solution with respect to a single objective can result in unacceptable results with respect to the other objectives. So the solution to this problem is to find a set of solutions , each of which satisfies the objectives at an acceptable level without being affected by any other solution. This review paper presents an overview of multi-objective optimization using GA and PSO.


The main aim of this paper is twofold: to analyze the effects of the tariff systems in municipal waste management in the West Balkans countries and to propose possible directions in their reforms. It is concluded that tariff systems in the analyzed countries are, in the conceptual sense weaker that the one set up in the European Union, that these countries have been striving to join. As a result, in the period 2000-2008, only in Europe, in the West Balkan countries , took place increasing waste generationed per capita. The following measures are proposed: tariff reform transition in accordance with the polluter pays principle; the set of economic instruments for realization of that aim are also identified: contribution to complete the existing environment law regulations using Serbian's example is given. .


This paper describes an overall system for state-of-available-power (SoAP) prediction for a lithium-ion battery pack. The essential part of this method is based on an adaptive network architecture which utilizes both fuzzy model (FIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) into the framework of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). While battery aging proceeds, the system is capable of delivering accurate power prediction for the typical temperature range. Due to design property of ANN, the network parameters are adapted on-line to the current states (state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), temperature). SoC is required as an input parameter to SoAP module and high accuracy is crucial for a reliable self-learning capability. Therefore, a reasonable way to determine the battery state variables is proposed applying a combination of several partly different algorithms. Among others SoC boundary estimation methods, robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) for recalibration of amp hour counters was implemented. ANFIS then achieves the SoAP estimation by means of time forward voltage prognosis (TFVP) before a power pulse. The tradeoff between computational cost of batch-learning and accuracy during on-line adaptation was optimized resulting in a real-time system. The verification was performed on a software-in-the-loop test bench setup using a 53 Ah lithium-ion cell.


0ver four days from 17 to 20 July 1995, the 5th International Symposium of Marine Engineering (ISME YOKOHAMA'95) was held with vigorous steam at the Pacifico Yokohama International Conference Center with its main theme "Towards the Higher Quality and Reliability of Marine Engines, Equipment and Sys-tems". More than 170 papers were presented separately with different themes every day and vigorous discus-sions took place in each conference room. In the afternoon of the last day of the symposium, four different kinds of Panel Discussion proceeded in two different venues with two sessions respectively at the same time. Social programs such as events in Exhibition Halls, Technical Visits, Ladies' Programs, Cruise in Yokohama Harbor, Opening Reception and Closing Banquet were well arranged and contributed greately to the success of the symposium. I deeply appreciate and pay my respects to the great efforts of those concerned with Organising Committee, Internaitonal Advisory Board and Executive Committee. In such a large-scale international symposium, it is physically impossible for a participant to cover all sessions so that the person must choose one from among parallel-proceeding sessions. On 19th, for examp1e, I chose "Environment l and 2" at Room 2 in the morning and "Ship Propeller" and "Fretting and Wear" at Room 3 in the afternoon. What impressed me was what happened during the session, "Fretting and Wear". With regard to the content of "Fretting Fatigue Evaluation using Stress Singularity Parameters" presented by Dr. Hattori of Hitachi Co. Ltd., I asked one question. In relation to my question, Prof. Waterhouse on the floor pointed out a vulnerable design shape of the materia1. Dr. Hattori, immediately, proposed a better shape for it. Likewise, many more questions and


The canonical ensemble Monte Carlo method is used to study the adsorption of Xe atoms inside of a zeolite alpha cage. The cage is modeled in 2 ways: 1) as atoms placed on the vertices and line segments of a polyhedron and, and 2) as atoms placed in their crystallographically determined positions. Discrete adsorption sites are found and they change position in response to changes in loading, cage cation content, and cage model. Thermodynamic data determined from the crystallographic model cage is in good agreement with experiment, while data obtained from the polyhedral model is only qualitatively correct. In this way we show that, in order to model adsorption in zeolites accurately, it is important to account for the precise architecture of the pore.


This study proposes using Satellite-Based Precipitation (SBP) products and local rain gauge data to generate information on the daily precipitation product over Bolivia. The selected SBP products used were the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Gauge, v6 (GSMaP_Gauge v6) and the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitations with Stations (CHIRPS). The Gridded Meteorological Ensemble Tool (GMET) is a generated precipitation product that was used as a control for the newly generated products. The correlation coefficients for raw data from SBP products were found to be between 0.58 and 0.60 when using a daily temporal scale. The applied methodology iterates correction factors for each sub-basin, taking advantage of surface measurements from the national rain gauge network. Five iterations showed stability in the convergence of data values. The generated daily products showed correlation coefficients between 0.87 and 0.98 when using rain gauge data as a control, while GMET showed correlation coefficients of around 0.89 and 0.95. The best results were found in the Altiplano and La Plata sub-basins. The database generated in this study can be used for several daily hydrological applications for Bolivia, including storm analysis and extreme event analysis. Finally, a case study in the Rocha River basin was carried out using the daily generated precipitation product. This was used to force a hydrological model to establish the outcome of simulated daily river discharge. Finally, we recommend the usage of these daily generated precipitation products for a wide spectrum of hydrological applications, using different models to support decision-making.


One of the organizational resources that has an important role in achieving its objectives is human resources both in the private sector and the public sector. This study aims to: 1) Know how much influence the personality variables (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and interpersonal communication have an influence on organizational commitment in the office of the South Sulawesi Provincial Environment Agency. 2) Knowing, among the variables of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and interpersonal communication, which variable is the dominant influence on Organizational commitment at the office of the Environment Agency of South Sulawesi Province. The analytical method used is a multiple linear analysis method which is also supported by descriptive analysis. The results showed that: there was a positive and significant influence between personality variables on interpersonal communication on organizational commitment at the office of the South Sulawesi Provincial Environment Agency.


Conclusion: In D-hypovitaminosis in patients with AH PRA is higher, and NOx production is lower then in optimal vitamin D level. In D-hypovitaminosis PRA is associated with EDV, systolic BP and structural and functional state of my- ocardium. It underscore the impact of vitamin D on vascular endothelial function and on the PRA interaction with the endothelium and on the structural and func- tional state of the myocardium as well. economic blockade. Materials and methods: Clinical and statistical data of the district hospital and the emergency station on appealability on the occasion of the new cases and aggravation of the cardiovascular deseases in 2014. Data were compared with premilitary 2013. 2013 from AH reg- istered in the Donbass region. The last 10 years the high incidence of stroke back- Background: It is well known that lowering sodium intake and/or increasing potassium intake lower blood pressure (BP). However, there is no study of whether reducing sodium intake and/or increasing potassium intake lowered both daytime and nighttime BP. Methods: Individuals with prehypertension or hypertension were educated to re- duce sodium intake. The effect of sodium intake reduction was assessed by 24-h urine sodium and potassium, 24-h ambulatory BP measurement. Among the 146 participants, 90 individuals (57.4±9.2 years, 25 men) with valid urine and ambulatory BP data after 2 month of sodium intake reduction were analyzed. Changes of 24-h urine sodium ( (cid:2) 24HUNa), potassium ( (cid:2) 24HUK) and sodium/potassium ratio ( (cid:2) 24HUNa/K) from baseline and at 2 months were divided into 3 groups ( < -20%: decrease, -20 – 20%: no change, > 20% increase). Results: Correlation analysis revealed significant association of (cid:2) 24HUNa with change of 24-h systolic BP (SBP; r=0.228, p=0.031) and nighttime diastolic BP (DBP; r=0.208, p=0.049), and marginal association with nighttime SBP (r=0.203, p=0.054). (cid:2) 24HUNa/K had significant correlation with change of 24-h SBP (r=0.250, p=0.018) and nighttime SBP (r=0.261, p=0.013). The change of 24- h, daytime and nighttime BP were not different between 3 groups of (cid:2) 24HUNa and (cid:2) 24HUK. However, individuals with decrease in (cid:2) 24HUNa/K showed greater lowering of 24-h SBP (-4.9 vs 2.5 mmHg, p=0.014) and nighttime SBP (-7.9 vs 1.6 mmHg, p=0.015) compared to individuals with increase in (cid:2) 24HUNa/K. Analysis of covariance controlled with baseline BP revealed persistent difference of 24-h SBP change (p=0.013) and nighttime SBP change (p=0.032) between individu- als with increase and decrease in (cid:2) 24HUNa/K. Change of daytime BP was not different between groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that a change in diet balance (i.e. reduction in sodium intake accompanied by increase in potassium intake) is more effective in the reduction of nighttime BP than daytime BP, rather than only reducing sodium intake or increasing potassium intake. practice guidelines


"With the emergence of each epoch-making discovery in natural sciences,materialism must also change its form."Social sciences,social movements,and social events are more complex than natural sciences,and with the arrival of major social change they are bound to update their form and content.Marxism is a branch of science for the fundamental reason that Marxist in time theorists capture the needs of society,make comprehensive,multidimensional theoretical exploration from different angles and levels,abandon the tradition,even the theoretical discourse of authority,come up with new scientific theory,and enhance social development.The learning and application of Marxist basic theory,should be combined with the historical events and social needs.The realization of Marxist popularization,sinicization and modernization,may promote the healthy and orderly development of society.


............................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................................v TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. xii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER ONE .........................................................................................................................


Michael Grossman School Internet Home Page 2001 Dr. Kathleen S. Sernak Secondary Administration The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of implementing a software program that would allow classroom teachers to post student grades and assignments on the Internet. This study measured the improvement in the grades of the students who used this Internet program. The research was limited to four physical science classes at Camden County Technical Schools (CCTS). Ninety-four students participated in this study. Fifty students were given access to their grades and assignments on the Internet and forty-four students were not given access to their grades and assignments on the Internet. The research data was generated by using two tools: student and teacher surveys; and student pre-tests and posttests. The surveys provided the necessary background information needed to implement this type of program. The percentage of students and teachers having access to the Internet, and the support levels this program would have from students and staff was obtained by analyzing the surveys. The results from pre-test and post-test were used to measure student academic achievement. The results of the surveys indicated that the majority of students and staff would use and support the implementation of this type of program because both groups believed that it would improve student grades. The post-test scores indicated that using this type of program improved student academic performance. Abstract (Mlini-Abstract)Mlini-Abstract) Michael Grossman School Internet Home Page 2001 Dr. Kathleen S. Sernak Secondary Administration The purpose of the study is to analyze the effects of implementing a software program that would allow classroom teachers to post student grades and assignments on the Internet. The study measured the academic achievement of the students who used this Internet program. The results of the research indicated that the majority of students and staff would use and support the implementation of this type of program. In addition, the research indicated that using this type of program has the potential to improve academic performance.


This article deals with the process of penetration and development of a VC industry to a new geographical market, based on the Israeli case. We analyze the changes that have occurred in the Israeli VC market since its emergent stage and identify changes in the VC market structure, in the stages of investments, and in characteristics of exits. Israel is well known for its high tech cluster. The success of this cluster was highly influenced by the emergence of the Israeli VC industry. Our main argument is that when a VC industry enters a new geographical market, in many aspects it follows similar patterns to an innovative product life cycle. Therefore, we stress that a new VC market will initially include very few, but extremely innovative, VC agents that gain very high returns while taking high risks. As the industry matures and many new agents enter the market, it becomes much more competitive and therefore has significantly lower returns. Consequently, the major VC agents are less willing to take risks. Moreover, at this stage the market becomes dominated by a small group of big VCs that exploit their economics of scale, while other small VCs will focus on market niches.


The cytopathologic diagnosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma can be problematic as there are several components of the differential diagnosis that share common cytomorphologic features. In this study, we report the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) findings of 16 basaloid squamous cell carcinoma cases and compare those cases to 16 cases of small cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma FNA cases ever reported. The following cytomorphologic features were compared for both tumors: cohesive tissue fragments, single cells, adenoid cystic‐like features (cribriform pseudoglandular lumina with hyaline materials), necrosis, nuclear size, nuclear molding, nucleoli, cytoplasm, and the presence of single keratinized cells. Adenoid cystic‐like features and the presence of single keratinized cells were specific for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.05). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract : This study was conducted to determine the need for, and the feasibility of using, an automated serials control system in the Defense Communications Agency Technical and Management Information Center. Three systems, OCLC, EBSCONET, and Wang List Processing were chosen as possible candidates for automating the serials records after it was determined there would be a database of up to 500 serials. EBSCONET had the necessary ordering, claiming and online displays of current subscriptions. OCLC provided a sophisticated prediction of arrival and automatic claiming function but did not have retrospective holdings information. The Wang system appeared to offer easy data entry and retrieval, as well, for storing data on holdings. All three systems offered some advantages to a library, but not full serials control. Further study was recommended by pilot projects to test the systems.


Impatiens balsamina contains carbohydrates,flavonoids,naphthoquinones,coumarins and steroid etc,and has pharmacological activities such as selective inhibition,anti-allergic effects,anti-fungal effect,promoting the role of transdermal.In this paper,research progress of its pharmaco-logical effects and correlative active components is reviewed.


Maintaining robust diplomatic relationships with neighbouring countries in the Mekong region has become strategically critical to China. Since President Xi Jinping took office, China has been renovating normative power in the Mekong region, endeavouring to socialize the Mekong countries into accepting normative Chinese concepts, such as 'community of shared destiny', by mobilizing and reconfiguring their material and normative recourses. This article argues that China's normative power stems from two primary mechanisms: 1) an organized, top-down diffusion driven by political elites, involving inter-governmental dialogues, socialization via bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms, and negotiations with countries co-opted into China-led connectivity and infrastructure initiatives; 2) a bottom-up diffusion of ideas from practices (i.e. exchange of goods, trade, aid) and the physical presence of China in the Mekong region, exemplified by the massive scale of infrastructurewidely constructed in the region. Taken together, China's expanded normative engagement in the Mekong subregion is comprised of multiple, oscillating modes of normative production that have been 'synchronized' across riparian countries with varied geoeconomic and geopolitical circumstances. Our findings suggest that while normative Chinese discourses have been accepted by the ruling classes of certain Mekong countries, China's attempts to build normative power have been largely shunned by the civil societies in the region.


The present invention relates to a self-adhesive label suitable for making tacky lasting pasted on a smooth or rough surface of any type of hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesive carrier composition, said adhesive composition comprising an article and the article prepared Methods.


Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a dialogically based theory of documentary practices and document work as a promising framework for studying activities that are often conceptualis ...


One of the central challenges for scholars of global governance is that the published charters, guidelines, rules, and final documents of global governance frameworks provide an incomplete understanding of how decisions are actually made within such international forums. Much of what is considered global governance occurs behind closed doors during teleconferences, official meetings, and informal side-meetings. This challenge is magnified in global governance frameworks that are driven by consensus-based decision-making. This article tackles this challenge by providing insights into the consensus-based decision-making processes of the Kimberley Process on conflict diamonds. In so doing, the article advances the debates on global governance in two ways. First, it draws upon participant observations, interviews with state and non-state actors, and privileged access to key documents in order to illustrate and assess how governance 'crises' concerning two Kimberley Process Participants – Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe – are addressed by this global governance framework. Second, the article discusses future governance challenges for the Kimberley Process as well as highlights the promise and limitations of consensus-based decision-making within global governance frameworks.


This research used uniforms of the United States Navy and Marine Corps to explain the costs and benefits of the services consolidating uniforms and wearing a single functional uniform. This study examined the history of Navy and Marine Corps uniforms. It analyzed benefits and costs, as well as identified impediments to implementing a single functional uniform for use at Contiguous United States (CONUS) and Outside Continental United States (OCONUS) duty stations. The research team concluded that there are many possible benefits to consolidation such as increased concealment, safety, and functionality. After analyzing eight possible courses of action (COA), the research team concluded that COA 4, both the Navy and Marine Corps utilizing the Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform (MCCUU) Flame Resistant (FR) variant, resulted in the greatest number of benefits and the highest weight of perceived benefits to the warfighter.


Described herein are two novel types of double C(sp(3))-H bond functionalizations triggered by a sequential hydride shift/cyclization process: (1) construction of a bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane skeleton by a [1,6]- and [1,5]-hydride shift sequence and (2) sequential [1,4]- and [1,5]-hydride shift mediated construction of a linear tricyclic skeleton.


Information and Communication Technology today has become an indispensable part in our lives, gaining wide application in human activities. This is due to the fact that, its use is less expensive, more secure, and allows speedy information transmission and access. It serves as a good base for the development and success of today's relatively young technologies. It has relieved people of manual day-to-day activities in such areas as businesses organizations, transport industry, teaching and research, banking, broadcasting, entertainment amongst other. This paper takes an overview study of e-governance, one of the most demanding applications of information and communication technology for public services. The paper summarizes the concept of e-governance, its major essence and some ongoing e-governance activities in some parts of the world.


I Replication of Circular Viral Genomes.- 1 Replication of ?X174 DNA Reconstituted with Purified Enzymes.- 2 DNA Replication of Papovavarises: In Vivo Studies.- 3 SV40 Chromatin Replication In Vitro.- 4 Organization and Replication of Chromosome-Associated Polyoma Virus RNA and Flanking Cellular Sequences in Polyoma Transformed Rat Cells.- II Biosynthesis of Cellular Genomes.- 5 Replication of Escherichia coli Chromosome.- 6 DNA Replication in Mammalian Cells.- 7 Replication of Drosophila Mitochondrial DNA.- 8 Replication of Mammalian Mitochondrial DNA.- III Replication of Linear Viral DNA Genomes.- 9 Replication of Bacteriophage T7 DNA.- 10 Poxvirus DNA Replication.- 11 Replication of Adenovirus DNA.- 12 Replication of Parvovirus DNA.- IV Replication of Retrovirus Genomes: The DNA Stage.- 13 Organization and Structure of Retrovirus Genomes.- V Replication of Linear Viral RNA Genomes.- 14 Host Control of the Replication of Group I RNA Phages.- 15 The Tobacco Mosaic Virus Genome: Organization and Gene Function.- 16 Biosynthesis of Influenza Virus RNA.


FORTY·FIRST ANNUAL MEETING "SPREADING THE KNOWLEDGE THROUGH SCIENCE EDUCA TION" THE AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOCIETY, INC. • MARRIOTT CITY CENTER MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA U.S.A. JULY 15-18, 2001


In this paper, Adapative Order of Block Backward Differentiation Formulas (ABBDFs) are formulated using uniform step size for the numerical solution of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ABBDF methods are of order four, five and six. The benefit of the ABBDF methods is the computation time in the computation of solutions. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the advantage of implementing adaptive order selection in a single code.


One of the major causes inducing the onset and aggravation of myopia in schoolchildren is accommodation deficiency associated with ciliary muscle dysfunction. The obtained findings confirmed that functional treatment reliably increases the reserve of relative accommodation and makes possible to stabilize myopia in children in 96,5 % of cases. Due to a gradual decrease in the reserve allowance it is recommended to repeat treatments every 4-6 months 2-3 times a year.


BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem in public health students at the University in Southern Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study employed a quasi-experimental, one-group, and pre-test -post-test design. Purposive sampling was employed to include 31 students, selected from those with screening indicating mild to moderate depression. While 28 of them (90.3%) were female, three (9.7%) were male. Their age range was 18-21 years, averaging 19.5 years. The instruments were the Thai translation of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Thai version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), which were evaluated and produced high validity and reliability results. Data was collected through online questionnaires. A pre-test and a post-test were utilized to measure the participants' depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem before and after participating in a group CBT, comprising eight sessions in two months. RESULTS: Revealed significant improvements in depression (P = .001), anxiety (P = .040), and stress (P = .002), while self-esteem (P = .465, >.05) was not significant. CONCLUSION: Group CBT sessions were effective at relieving depression, anxiety, and stress, but not self-esteem. Accordingly, further studies might consider these results and expand on this topic by broadening the population to different majors.


In this work, we present a wideband microstrip-fed monopole slot antenna with dual-band circular polarization (CP). A bent feeding and three slots contains a T-shaped and two inverted-L are used to excite two orthogonal electric fields with same amplitude and 90° phase difference (PD) for generating RHCP wave at 1.57 GHz and LHCP wave at 2.33 GHz. The proposed antenna can be operated for the global positioning system (GPS) and satellite digital audio radio (SDAR) system. Furthermore, to increase the impedance bandwidth at the low-frequency band, a parasitic rectangular patch is placed on the top plane of the substrate.


Tracking a moving object by the Doppler effect is an important tool to locate the position and to measure the velocity of a moving object. In theory, the corresponding movement of the object can be formulated by a system of 12 quadratic polynomials in 12 unknowns. In this paper, we mainly propose a novel simplification to reduce the original system to a system of 4 polynomials of degrees 4, 3, 2 and 2 in 4 unknowns. Furthermore, we can also reduce the original system to a new system of only three quadratic polynomials in 3 unknowns when the 6 observation stations are located at the vertices and centre of a regular pentagon, numerical experiments show that the simplified polynomial system can be solved by the homotopy method efficiently and reliably. The method is much more robust than Newton's method when the initial vector is far from the solution. Also, the regular pentagon case outperforms the other configurations in terms of numerical accuracy.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence,characteristics and regular patterns of adverse drug reactions( ADRs) induced by Chinese patent medicine in Guangxi Guizhong area so as to promote rational use of Chinese patent medicines. METHODS: By a retrospective method,the ADR reports in Guangxi Guizhong area during 2010-2012 period were downloaded from the database of Guangxi ADR monitoring center,with Chinese patent medicine-induced ADR reports analyzed statistically. RESULTS: A total of 1 237 ADR cases were induced by Chinese patent medicines involving 125 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines,with injections leading the list which caused 1 078 ADR cases( 87. 15%). Damage of skin and its appendages took the lead with 718 cases( 58. 04%),followed by systemic lesion of 220 cases( 17. 78%). CONCLUSION: It is important to intensify ADR monitoring,standardize package inserts of Chinese patent medicine,and achieve correct and rational use of Chinese patent medicine and reduce the incidence of ADRs.


In order to teach students to process information creatively, teachers encourage them to create, invent, discover, explore, imagine and suppose. However, to a large extent, creativity is not just a matter of thinking in a certain way, but rather it is an attitude toward life (Sternberg & Lubart, 1995, 1996). Creative people are creative, in large part, because they have decided to be creative (Sternberg, 2000). What are the decisions that underlie creative thinking? This paper starts with this question and then proceeds to why poetry is chosen to employ creative thinking skills and how a poem can be taught through a combination of creative thinking skills and an aesthetic reading by a reader response theory advocated by Rosenblatt and it aims to show how Rosenblatt and Strenberg's ideas are combined to tackle the issue of creativity through poetry in ELT classes.


This exploratory study considers the difference between personal and perceived societal values related to South Korean women's role in the home, workplace, and society using eight items asked on the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS), May-July 2017. Factor analysis showed that these eight items could be grouped into two categories: women's role in her family and women's in the outside world. Of the 2,000 respondents, 54.1% personally agreed that "Both the husband and wife should contribute to their family income." People in their 30s felt the largest gap between their personal and societal values; women also felt a larger gap than men. Those who watched television more were generally more conservative than those who used the Internet more. People who felt a smaller gap between societal and personal values were more likely to feel proud to be a Korean citizen. People who believe that it is better not to marry felt a bigger gap between some societal and personal values on items relating to whether a wife should work, whether a woman's housework or paid job is more valuable, and whether women's job performance is equal to men's. People who believe that divorce is sometimes acceptable were also more likely to feel a bigger difference in two items: the item about job performance and an item about whether a married woman's social status is dependent on her husband's.


New Historicism aims to understand literary work through its historical context and to understand cultural and intellectual history through literature.From the perspective of New Historicism,this paper endeavors to make an analysis of Poe's writing motive for his satirical novel,so as to find out the reason why he wrote his satirical novel.


Abstract:I identify a probable source for Melville's striking image of the "monkey-rope" (Moby-Dick, ch. 72) in his reading of the Roman philosopher Lucius Annaeus Seneca. In a passage in his essay "On Peace of Mind" (De Tranquillitate Animi), Seneca argues forcibly that "all our whole life is a servitude" and exhorts us to bear up under our state of bondage with fortitude. Seneca's passage would have furnished Melville not only the striking metaphor of life-as-bondage that he adopts in the chapter "The Monkey-Rope," but also a philosophical basis for recasting his preoccupations elsewhere in Moby-Dick. In order to argue the allusion, I briefly survey Melville's knowledge of Seneca; identify the translations of "On Peace of Mind" known to have been in his possession; and call attention to the consonance of language and imagery between Seneca's and Melville's passages.


Applying metadata in public administration and many other professional fields is a recursivly problem that show the lack of criteria to determine the purpose thereof, suitability and technical applications needed to exploit the very high effort involved the description of the contents . Public administrations should aim for maximum transparency of information and this entails a complete dissemination of the documentary production respecting the jurisdiction and the sensitivity of it and therefore by describing metadata for better recovery. In this sense the main references of metadata used in Spain (e- EMGDE ) , Australia ( AGLS ) and Web (Dublin Core) are analyzed in terms of its method of application , clarity , ease of use , descriptive completeness , extensibility and interoperability. Analyzed the advantages and drawbacks of them, a reflection on the method of use and application of the information contained in them is performed. The result is a comprehensive design system that includes not only metadata description fields for identification , cataloging, classification and contextualization of public documents , but also of technological applications that enable recovery in specialized search engines and your website rankings . We conclude that a system of metadata easier to apply than the current , to infer directly in the source code of the web pages containing the information and documents , are an ideal method for the automated recovery and maximum dissemination of public information not only in specialized tools , but in the major search engines , to facilitate access to such information by web - Crawler programs.


Marine erosion attributed to the effects of the 1983 El Nino resulted in the loss of the distal tip of Alsea Spit in 1985 enlarging Alsea Bay inlet by 300% and subjecting the City of Waldport to an increased potential for marine flooding during winter season high tides and storm events. The organized response to the hazard situation, and the information produced to initiate mitigation action is the subject of this paper.


Administrative evidence is different from criminal evidence in many aspects.However,it is necessary at times for administrative evidence to be converted into criminal evidence in that administrative violations of law is logically associated with criminal offence.There are some laws for administrative evidence to be converted into criminal evidence.But some problems like improper connection arise in the judicial practices of conversion.Accordingly,law need to be further improved in terms of legislative rules and judicial rules so that administrative evidence can be effectively converted into criminal evidence.


production of celulase and amylase by Aspergillus niger Sl.1 in carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and in four ammonia – treated agrowastes, maize cob (MC), rice bran (RB), sorghum bran (SB) and wheat bran (WB) were investigated. Some kinetic parameters of the enzymes were also investigated. Among the agrowastes, maize cob recorded the highest cellulase activity (6.02 unitsmg-1ml-1) while wheat bran recorded the lowest cellulase activity (5.02 unitsmg-1ml-1). The highest amylase activity (4.64 unitsmg-1ml-1 was recorded in wheat bran medium. Optimum pH for cellulase and amylase activities range from 5.5 – 6.0 and 6.0 – 7.0 respectively in all the media studied. Optimum temperature for cellulase and amylase activities conducted on the crude enzyme extract indicated that cellulase in carboxymethylcellulose medium was the least stable both at room and refrigerated temperatures. The least stable amylase enzyme was recorded in rice bran and wheat bran media at room and refrigerated temperatures respectively after 21 days. The implications of these results on the industrial production cellulase and amylase using the agrowastes are discussed.


The zone of photosynthetic production by phytoplankton in lakes typically extends to a depth of several meters. Simply expressed, in photoautotrophic biofilms, this zone is condensed to a few millimeters in which steep gradients of photon flux density, oxygen concentration and nutrient availability are observed (e.g. KüHL et al. 1996). The physic<rehemical and biotic regulatory factors for biofilms are the same as for the pelagic phytoplankton. Because high densities of biomass are concentrated on a surface when biofilms develop, this energy and carbon source would be an ideal habitat for grazers. The question arises as to how defense mechanisms have been developed by biofilm microorganisms to reduce the grazing pressure. The growth habitat (e.g. the surface of stones, mud and living matter) attracts grazers which are not found, or are of minor imponance, in free water, such as snails, worms, larvae of insects, water fowl, ete. In addition, the animal groups that are effective grazers of the phytoplankton are also active in the upper stories of the biofilms (BARNES & MINSHALL 1983, STEVENSON et al. 1996). Astonishingly, extended photoautotrophic epilithic biofilms are observed during most periods of the year on stones in the littoral zone of many Central European lakes. This makes the existence of protection mechanisms rather likely. Diatom-dominated biofilms that develop every year in winter and spring in Lake Zürich (Switzerland) were investigated to determine whether they contain components that may be suitable for chemical defense from grazers. Acute grazer toxicity of the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus was used as a measure of this feature.


Objective To establish a method for determination of baicalin in Qingwen Granule by HPLC.Methods Explore the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines in prescription,and select the control of baicalin.HPLC was was used on Hanbang column(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),mobile phase was Methanol-Water-Phosphate(47: 53:0.02)with 1.0 mL min-1 of flowrate,detection wavelength was set at 280 nm and the column temperature was at 30℃.Results The linear range of baicalin was 9~90 μg mL-1(r=0.999 9).The average recovery of the method was 100.7%.Conclusion This method was proved to be highly special,sensitive and repeatable,and it can be used as a quantitive method for controlling the quality of the Qingwen Granule.


Developmental defects can occur during morphogenesis stage of tooth development. Enamel hypoplasia encompasses all deviations from normal enamel in its various degrees of absence. Here we present two cases of linear enamel hypoplasia. In the first case, 14 year old girl reported with a white line present on the both upper and lower arches of front and back teeth. Esthetics is main concern for her hence teeth were restored with composite restoration and she was satisfied with treatment. In the second case, 12 year old girl came for routine dental checkup along with her mother who presented with linear enamel hypoplasia on both maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth including all the first premolars. Parent was not willing for the treatment and preventive measures were done. Also we discussed about the etiological factors, possible complications anticipated and different treatment options were discussed.


Graded cemented carbides with a cubic carbide-free layer(CCFL) in the surface were synthesized by one-step sintering.The microstructure,phase composition and element distribution of the graded cemented carbides were investigated by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis and electron probe microanalyzer,respectively.The typical microstructure of the graded cemented carbides and the effect of sintering procedures on gradient structures in the graded cemented carbides were discussed in detail.It is shown that the depth of CCFL significantly increases with increasing sintering temperature and prolonging holding time,and there exists a linear dependence approximately between the depth of CCFL and the square root of holding time.The depth of CCFL becomes larger at a higher cobalt content,but narrows with increasing Ti(C,N) content for the same sintering procedure.


The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of septic shock has been a controversial topic since first investigated. Although early studies were inclusive, a brief analysis of these studies highlights their problems. Examining the effects of pharmacologic corticoids in relation to the clinical syndrome of septic shock provides evidence that corticosteroids improve human survival rate. This evidence is borne out by Schumer's controlled retrospective and prospective double-blind study. Aggressive therapy must begin at the onset of shock; pharmacologic doses of steroids are essential. The three steroids most frequently investigated are methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone. To date, a clear advantage of one agent over the other has not been demonstrated clinically, although differences in such effects as leukocyte mobilization and neutrophil function are statistically significant in the laboratory. Recent evidence indicates that methylprednisolone has some advantages over dexamethasone in the treatment of shock lung, however, and further studies are necessary to bridge the gaps between laboratory implications and clinical results.


We demonstrate the validity of Murray's law, which represents a scaling relation for branch conductivities in a transportation network, for discrete and continuum models of biological networks. We first consider discrete networks with general metabolic coefficient and multiple branching nodes and derive a generalization of the classical 3/4-law. Next we prove an analogue of the discrete Murray's law for the continuum system obtained in the continuum limit of the discrete model on a rectangular mesh. Finally, we consider a continuum model derived from phenomenological considerations and show the validity of the Murray's law for its linearly stable steady states.


Purpose:  The use of vigabatrin (VGB) as an antiepileptic drug (AED) has been limited by evidence showing that it causes vigabatrin‐attributed visual field loss (VAVFL) in at least 20–40% of patients exposed at school age or later. VGB is an effective drug for infantile spasms, but there are no reports on later visual field testing after such treatment. Our aim was to investigate the risk of VAVFL in school‐age children who had received VGB in infancy.


Considering the hydraulic excavator requirements of designing construction,working environment and the features of SOPC technology,SOPC technology is used to control CAN bus.In hardware design,CAN IP of IFI is integrated in my main controller,and the hardware interface circuit is designed;in software design,mainly by NIOSⅡsoftware,the lower control functions of CAN IP is called to completed data acquisition,transmission and process.The correctness of the design approach and feasibility of application is verified by controlling VR excavator model of PC.


Osteochondral defects are common injuries among the young population. Athletes are more prone to these injuries given the amount the stress and strain they put on their lower limbs. The viscoelastic nature of cartilage, which allows load bearing, is disrupted. Early recognition and treatment is needed to prevent Early Osteoarthritis. We are presenting one such case, where a 25 year old male patient with Grade 4 OCD was treated with Autologous osteochondral graft taken from the Non weight bearing part of the femur.


Some problems posed by the rapid urbanization of the developing world are reviewed. The author suggests that the fate of these rapidly growing cities will determine the fate of both nations and regions. He notes that rather than continuing to swell the megacities, such as Mexico City, recent demographic trends have been favoring secondary cities, which are facing increasing problems with proportionally fewer resources at their disposal. The problems of disease in crowded urban environments are discussed. The author presents examples of cities with declining services and quality of life, such as Kinshasa, as well as examples of more successful city development, such as Curitiba. Prospects for the successful resolution of urban problems are assessed.


The article analyses current transformations in the system of global economic governance. State-led, mixed and private models of global economic governance are examined in the comparative perspective.


In this paper, a kind of proportional expandable shrinkable factor is defined to replace conventional exponential factors and integral factors at the antecedent part and consequent part of inference. And a class of simple fuzzy control algorithm is present-ed based on variable universe of discourse. The existing algorithms'advantage of high precision is inherited by the controller consist-ed of the new algorithm. And comparing with existing algorithms, the new algorithm's computation is significantly reduced. So a use-ful way to problems in practical applications is obtained by using the simper fuzzy control algorithm.


Residual current operated devices (RCDs) play an important part on the low-voltage electric safety, and offer a safe protection against electric shock hazards and fire hazards caused by earth faults on equipment. At present, all kinds of RCDs are usually prone to nuisance tripping and lower rate of operation due to non-fault conditions. This may arise due to a number of causes such as extraneous earth leakage paths, switching transients, harmonic currents and unbalanced impedance etc.. Through theoretical calculations, Matlab simulation and physical testing, this paper demonstrates the influence of unbalanced impedance on the action performance of RCD. The investigative results show RCD has lower the reliability as the symmetry of three-phase leakage impedance is lower. The conclusions could be of great value for the application of RCDs of different action time as well as the research and development of new type and high reliability RCDs.


Background The possible correlation between melanoma and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been intensively studied. In this work, we aimed to assess the coincidence of skin malignancies and PD at a dermato-oncological university centre in Central-Eastern Europe, Hungary. Methods From 2004 to 2017, a retrospective analysis of the centre's database was performed based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 codes. Results Out of the patients who visited the clinic during the study period, 20,658 were treated for malignant skin tumours. Over the 14 years, 205 dermatological patients had PD simultaneously, 111 (54%) of whom had at least one type of skin malignancy: melanoma (n=22), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n=82), or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=36) (in some patients, multiple skin tumours were identified). Compared to the age- and sex-matched control group, patients with PD had a significantly lower risk for basal cell carcinoma (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.89, p=0.0076) and for all skin tumours (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56–0.98, p=0.0392) but not for melanoma. Conclusions We found a decreased risk of all skin tumours and basal cell carcinoma and an unchanged risk of melanoma among patients with PD. However, it should be kept in mind that some large-scale meta-analyses suggest a higher incidence of melanoma after a diagnosis of PD, indicating the importance of skin examination in this vulnerable population.


High quality professional doctors and other related medical staff training is the vital element in American medical education.This standardized professional training embodies the whole course of medical education,including strict admission selection,rigorous medical training curriculum,standardized resident training and lifelong learning with medical career.This article is aimed to explore meaningful enlightenment to Chinese medical education reform by analyzing the current methodologies of American professional medical education training.


This is a review of The Reasonable Robot: Artificial Intelligence and the Law, by Ryan Abbott. The book does an excellent job providing insights into the legal challenges that arise from the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI). It is well organized, divided into the four main areas of AI legal impact: tax, tort, intellectual property, and criminal. While each area could be read on its own, it is interesting to note the underlying theme all these areas have in common. Namely, as AI increasingly occupies the roles once held by people, it will need to be treated under the law more like a person. Overall, the book does an outstanding job discussing proposed solutions for AI technology and the law. However, some of Abbott's proposals are based on a faulty assumption. Like many modern-tech analysts, Abbott overemphasizes the threat that adopting new technology will displace human workers.


Commercial fisheries interactions with oil and gas pipelines in the North Sea: considerations for decommissioning Sally Rouse, Andronikos Kafas, Rui Catarino, and Hayes Peter Ecology Department, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK Renewables and Energy Programme, Marine Scotland Science, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK *Corresponding author: tel: þ44(0) 01631 559000; fax: +44(0) 01631 559001; e-mail: email@example.com