The parameters and modifying the code, the library allows students in image processing to learn practical methods. In addition, in addition to teaching programming in the "turtle graphics" paradigm, such as color and dimension and to introduce users to image ideas A new module is provided. Online gallery of examples, in addition to providing an overview of the available activity, commonly used in image processing Introduces several algorithms. These usually include an introduction to the package and an insight, for image processing ideas Provides introductions. Well documented application programming interface (API) contributes to the learning experience with tools that facilitate visualization, It also makes it easier to explore the effect of various algorithms and parameters. So, it is not surprising that there are so many Image processing algorithms for margin extraction, upgrade, rearrangement; data compression, etc. are unambiguous. Artifacts can also be introduced through digital image processing such as margin enhancement. Since artifacts can prevent diagnosis or provide incorrect measurements, it is important to avoid them or at least understand their appearance. It is clear that a pattern independent of the spatial size or scale of image features is required and only emphasizes the range of less-contrasting features. Diversified image processing has been extensively studied not only by computer scientists but also by neurophysiologists, and the approach to improving this image is currently being used in a clinical way. It is well known that the human visual system uses a multifaceted approach.


The reproductive and nutritional dynamics of Salminus maxillosus Val. were studied in 327 specimens (195 females and 132 males) collected in the Mogi Guacu river, Sao Paulo, Brazil from August, 1996 to July, 1997. Reproductive dynamics were assessed through analysis of monthly variation in gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, relative frequencies of gonadal maturity stages and first sexual maturation size. Reproduction occurred from November to January (the highest values recorded in December),when the highest water temperatures and pluviometric index were observed. The size of S. maxillosus at first sexual maturation (Lpm) was calculated to be 346.7 mm (males) and 447.4 mm (females), the age being two years for both males and females. The L100 values calculated were 525.0 mm for males and 625.0 mm for females, respectively. The nutritional dynamics were estimated through analysis of the monthly variation and the relative frequency of the repletion stages. S. maxillosus from Mogi Guacu River is in its optimum feeding condition before and during the reproductive season.


'Fenghuayou No.2' is a new high yielding hybrid rice cultivar that was bred from the cytoplasmic male sterile line 'Baifeng A' labeled with green-revertible albino leaf color marker and elite restorer line 'NHR4' expressing the life-time yellow leaves.This new rice cultivar could be recommended to Zhejiang, Jiangxi,and Anhui Provinces as single-season and late-season hybrid rice.


56 "My name is Ray Gradwell and I was fortunate to come to Camden Military Academy in the 8th Grade. When I first came CMA, I had a really bad attitude toward my school work. As soon as I was introduced to the strict way that study hall was done, I learned to manage my time and actually get my homework done. In addition to CMA expanding my opportunities in the areas of academics and athletics, because of the coaches here at Camden, I have received a Lacrosse Athletic Scholarship to Belmont Abbey College which is located in Charlotte, North Carolina. While there, I will be majoring in business and continue to expand my horizons." Ray Gradwell of Cape May, New Jersey.


‹Summary In this paper, the role of the family physician within the health system of some European countries and of Turkey is discussed. The importance of family physicians with knowledge and experience in maternal and child health is emphasized, since in Turkey at present, the need for primary health care of adequate quality is greatest for women of reproductive age and for infants and children under five and they must be considered as priority groups. In this connection, the WHO "Mother-Baby Package" programme is mentioned and the main points of antenatal and postnatal care are summarized.


We present an approach for the detection of building in aerial images using binocular and monocular information. A cooperative method is developed in which both stereo matching and perceptual grouping techniques are used to ensure a reliable detection of building structures in a contour map. Indeed, when one uses geometric grouping alone, one has to resolve a hard combinatorial search problem. So, we propose to use the disparity map obtained by stereo matching to filter irrelevant contours. This approach allows us to reduce the search space for the geometric grouping process, which uses the remaining contours to detect buildings according to the principle of perceptual organization. In this work, we only consider the class of buildings which can be modeled as a combination of rectangular structures. The detected buildings are then fed back to the stereo process to generate a new disparity map in which building forms are better preserved. In our stereo matching algorithm, we use a dynamic programming technique to estimate the disparity at each point before computing it using both parametric and non-parametric correlation. This strategy allows us to speed up the correlation process and reduce the risk of false matching.


We propose a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme based on generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) for the simulation of polychromatic, nonlinear, and space–time varying metasurfaces. This scheme consists in placing the metasurface at virtual nodal plane introduced between the regular nodes of the staggered Yee grid and inserting fields determined by GSTCs in this plane in the standard FDTD algorithm. The resulting update equations are an elegant generalization of the standard FDTD equations. Indeed, in the limiting case of a null surface susceptibility (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi _{\text {surf}}=0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), they reduce to the latter, while in the next limiting case of a time-invariant metasurface <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[\chi _{\text {surf}}\neq \chi _{\text {surf}}(t)]$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, they split in two terms, one corresponding to the standard equations for a one-cell (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) thick slab with diluted volume susceptibility (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi =\chi _{\text {surf}}/(2\Delta x)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and the other one reducing that slab to a quasi-zero-thickness mesh-less sheet. The proposed scheme is fully numerical and very easy to implement. Although it is explicitly derived for a monoisotropic metasurface, it may be straightforwardly extended to the bianisotropic case. Except for some particular cases, it is not applicable to dispersive metasurfaces, for which an efficient auxiliary different equation extension of the scheme is currently being developed by the authors. The scheme is validated and illustrated by five representative examples.


Gabriel Marcel is known as a Christian existentialist and a philosopher of hope. Hope for human beings in the broken world is the main thesis of the article. Marcel introduced the idea of a broken world to philosophy as a negative in the moral sense, multidimensional notion that is di- rectly related to our human world. According to Marcel, the root of the broken world is the mys- tery of evil. The broken world occurs everywhere where a human being is left alone without an authentic community, without brotherhood, without hope. However, even in the broken world there is hope for us. In the human soul Marcel discovered a mysterious sensitivity to the light of the truth and the deepest need for the truth. Those qualities of the human heart prove that it is possible for us to turn away from the broken world and to turn to the spirit of truth.


Databases scale poorly in distributed configurations. This is mainly due to the cost of concurrency control and to resource contention. The alternative of centralizing writes works well only for read-intensive workloads, whereas weakening transactional properties is problematic for application developers. In a previous work we introduced Gargamel, a middleware that spreads non-conflicting update transactions to different replicas, but still provides strong transactional guarantees. We extended Gargamel to geo-replication settings. If a data-center fails, the database remains available at other locations. We minimize the synchronization cost, synchronizing optimistically replicas at distant data-centers. The evaluations of our prototype using distant Amazon data-centers show that Gargamel improves both response time and load by an order of magnitude when contention is high (highly loaded system with bounded resources), and that in the geo-replicated case, the slow-down is negligible.


© 2007 The Authors 837 JEADV 2007, 21, 822–849 Journal compilation © 2007 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 6 Drenth J, Morsche R, Guillet G et al. SCN9A mutations define primary erythromelalgia as a neuropathic disorder of voltage gated sodium channels. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124: 1333–1338. 7 Weil-Fugazza J. Role of the spinal serotoninergic, noradrenergic and doparninergic systems in the mechanism of analgesia. Cah Anesthesiol 1994; 42: 707–712. 8 Rudikoff D, Jaffe LA. Erythromelalgia: response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37: 1–3. 9 Moiin A, Yashar SS, Sanchez JE, Yashbar B. Treatment of erythromelalgia with aserotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 336–337. 10 Di Caudo DJ, Kelley LA. Alleviation of erythromelalgia with venlafaxine. Archdermatol 2004; 140: 621–623.


When deploying a wireless sensor network (WSN) identifying optimal locations for the nodes is challenging, especially so if the environment is either (i) unknown or (ii) obstacle-rich. We proposes BISON (Bio-Inspired Self-Organizing Network), a variant of the Voronoi algorithm to address this challenge. Among the features of the approach are the restrictions placed upon the abilities of the nodes: (i) all information is sensed locally as well as (ii) subject to communication noise. Performance is measured as (i) the percentage of area covered, (ii) the total distance traveled by the nodes, (iii) the cumulative energy consumption and (iv) the uniformity of nodes' distribution. Obstacle constellations and noise levels are studied systematically and a collision-free recovery strategy for failing nodes is proposed. Results obtained from extensive simulations show the algorithm outperforming previously reported approaches in both, convergence speed, as well as deployment cost.


The potential for carpool formation is a function of the density of common trip ends, both spatially and temporally. It is also a direct function of the deviation from a direct route that carpool drivers will tolerate in order to pick up and deliver carpool passengers. This paper examines the spatial relationships between the origins and destinations of carpool trip lengths, passenger pickup and delivery radii and deviations, total deviations from a direct route, and deviations as a function of the direct route distance for the carpool driver. Data for this study were obtained by means of roadside questionnaire surveys at 20 sites in the metropolitan area of Melbourne, Australia.


The paper considers possibilities to reach and fulfill, through adult education, goals and guidelines emphasized in the key international documents (Millennium goals, Copenhagen and Lisabon processes) in Serbia, so that it can become a partner and equal participant in an interdependent world, and especially in the EU, as its cultural, economic and political environment. Based on the analysis of primary indicators of social and economic development and the state of the secondary vocational education system and adult education, priorities were defined in the field of adult education policy, with a goal to promote the development potential of adult education and transform it in an efficient instrument of socio-economic development in Serbia.


The electronic effects of the presence of boron and noble gas dopants in a model silicon lattice were investigated using a self‐consistent charge extended Huckel program. The extent of electronic interaction of the noble gas with the lattice is given by: Kr>Ar>Ne. Theoretically, boron diffusion in the presence of neon, argon or krypton was examined using a self‐consistent charge extended Huckel program. The net energy of interaction between boron and neon is strongly repulsive while argon–boron exhibits a region of relative stability; krypton exhibits behavior similar to argon though no region of stability was found for the range of separations used in the calculations. Finally, it is noted, from the relative energy of the topmost filled molecular orbital associated with boron (in an interstitial position), that activation of the boron does not require boron movement but can be accomplished by indirect transitions.


A monopole probe and a dipole probe are introduced for one-by-one manipulation of fine particles. The holding force of a particle is controlled by an external power supply. The monopole probe is a tungsten needle, and it can manipulate conducting particles on a metal substrate by applying voltage between the probe and the substrate. It is also capable of welding metal particles on the substrate using it as an electrode. The dipole probe consists of two electrodes, and traps fine particles for any combination of materials of particle and substrate. Both probes can manipulate particles larger than 30μm, which cannot be done by the conventional needle-like probes.


Over the past three decades four striking features of aggregates in the unsecured credit market have been documented: (1) rising availability of credit along both the intensive and extensive margins, (2) rising debt accumulation, (3) rising bankruptcy rates and discharge in bankruptcy, and (4) rising dispersion in interest rates across households. We provide a quantitative model of unsecured credit to interpret these facts; a novel contribution is that we allow for asymmetric information with individualized loan pricing. Our main finding is that all four outcomes mentioned above are consistent with the hypothesis that lenders observe more components of individual income now than in earlier periods. In addition, the paper makes a methodological contribution: an algorithm to locate equilibria with individualized pricing under asymmetric information, a task that is complicated by the requirement that off-equilibrium beliefs and prices are essential for equilibrium outcomes.


I build a search model of bond and credit default swap (CDS) markets with endogenous investor participation and show that shorting bonds through CDS increases the liquidity and price of bonds. By allowing investors to trade the credit risk of bonds without trading the bonds, CDS introduction expands the set of feasible trades and attracts investors into the credit market. Because search is nondirected within the credit market, new investors also trade bonds and consequently increase their price and liquidity. My results suggest that naked CDS bans increased sovereigns' borrowing costs and thereby exacerbated the 2010–2012 European debt crisis.


Non-harmonic wing flapping trajectories that have been proposed for vehicle flight control are implemented on a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) wing while flapping at resonance. These bi-harmonic amplitude and bias modulated (BABM) trajectories consist of a fundamental frequency and a second harmonic and can be assembled to create non-zero cycle-averaged wing drag forces that can be used for MAV control. The open-loop drive voltage was preconditioned with discrete harmonic plant compensation to enforce the desired wing trajectory. This preconditioned bi-harmonic wing trajectory was generated by a dSpace system while the wing motion was measured by a laser vibrometer. These trajectories were tested on a 3cm MAV wing driven by a piezo actuator at the resonant frequency of 27 Hz. The wing successfully tracked the BABM trajectory and useful cycleaveraged control forces were measured, paving the way for flapping wing control of MAVs.


Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) plays important role in biological imaging for its low scattering nature, yet it typically requires high illumination intensity. Although time-stretch of the ultrashort pulse can achieve ultrahigh speed scanning and deep penetration, the near-infrared illumination yields a compromised resolution because of its long wavelength. Here, by combining structured illumination with up-conversion materials, a multiphoton up-conversion time-encoded structured illumination microscopy (MUTE-SIM) with the scanning rate of 50 MHz is developed, which overcomes the limitation on the resolution. The resolution limit of near-infrared light is surpassed by a factor of 223.3% with low illumination intensity. This imaging strategy provides an ultrafast, low intensity, super-resolution MPM approach imaging, which has great potential in deep-tissue with high spatial resolution.


This study explored the impact of agricultural extension services on cereal production. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from a random sample of 262 farmers from four regions (east, west, north, and south) in Bhutan. Farmers assessed the impact of extension services on five aspects of cereal production (cereal seed, social, environmental, production, and marketing aspects). Percentages and an ordered logistic model were used to analyse the data. The study found a low level of farmers' participation in extension services. The social aspect of cereal production was the most impacted by the extension programmes, while the marketing aspect was the least impacted. The farmers' cultivated dry land (Coeff. = 0.21) and wetland (Coeff. = 0.72), their participation in extension services (Coeff. = 0.61), and the extra labour (Coeff. = 0.24) significantly contributed to cereal production. The provision of effective and high-quality extension programs by extension agents is critical for smallholder farmers to enhance their agricultural production.


Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae), two biodiesel plants are especially well known for many industrial, pharmacological, and/or toxicological properties, but to date very little is known about their allelopathic characteristics. Hence, to explore the allelopathy of both plants, the aqueous methanol extracts of their leaves were examined at five different concentrations (3-, 10-, 30-, 100-, and 300-mg dry weight [DW] equivalent extract/mL) on the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, alfalfa, Italian ryegrass, barnyard grass, and crabgrass, and on the germination of cress and barnyard grass. The bioassay experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The inhibitory activities of both extracts depends on the concentration and test plant species. Considering the I50 values, the seedling growth of lettuce was most sensitive to both extracts and barnyard grass was least sensitive. At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass, and the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, Italian ryegrass, and barnyard grass. At the same concentration, complete inhibition on the germination of cress and the seedling growth of lettuce and alfalfa was only observed by J. curcas extracts. These results suggest that both plants have allelopathic properties and may possess allelochemicals. Since R. communis extracts had greater activity than J. curcas against the major crop weeds, this plant could be the best candidate for isolation and identification of allelochemicals, which might promote the discovery of new natural herbicides for sustainable agriculture.


The present invention relates to a molding for covering elastomeric thermoplastic composition on a substrate made of inorganic glass, comprising: (a) 50-70% by weight of at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), which is selected from copolymer (TPE-S) having a styrene block, (b) 20-35% by weight, preferably 22-30% by weight of a polyolefin selected from a propylene homopolymer (PP), an ethylene homopolymer (PE ) and a copolymer of propylene and ethylene, (c) at least 7% by weight, preferably 8-20% by weight, in particular functionalized alkoxysilanes of 9-15% by weight, these percentages are relative to the component (a), ( the sum of b) and (c) is represented. It also relates to such compositions by injection molding or extrusion covering on a substrate, preferably automotive glazing.


The molecular structure of a stereospecific (isotactic) polymerization catalyst of the acetaldehyde-monomer-Lewis acid complex, [Me2Al·O·CPh:NPh,MeCHO,AlMe3], has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray-diffraction data collected photographically. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system (space group P21⁄n), with four formula units in a cell with dimensions of: a=13.60(3), b=13.74(2), c=12.40(2) A, β=95.9(2)°. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and was refined by the block-diagonal, least-squares procedure. The trimethylaluminum forms a bond with the electron-rich oxygen atom of acetaldehyde through the electron-deficient aluminum atom. The polymerization mechanism can reasonably be concluded to be the "co-ordinated cationic polymerization".


This paper describes a system of photometry designed to make no unjustifiable assumptions, and to have a strong visual linkage. It spans the photopic, mesopic, and scotopic regions and is based on brightness matching a 10-degree field, centrally fixated. An intensive investigation was made on the trichromator at the National Physical Laboratory, Great Britain, and an extensive one, using a greater number of observers, on the trichromator at the National Research Council, Canada. A bipartite field allowed equal brightness settings of the aperture colour by each of nine observers. The stimuli tested were both spectral and nonspectral and the data were used to derive formulae which a user could employ. From inserting conventional photometric quantities of a stimulus, which might for example be a light source, the user can obtain its corresponding photometric value whether it be photopic, mesopic, or scotopic.


The U.S. healthcare system has experienced rapid growth in the adoption and use of clinical health information technology, such as electronic health record (EHR) systems. In a field as complex and ...


In this paper, we offer a new approach to modeling of a system. We show that a state (from an outer point of view) can be regarded as a capability of the system to participate in interactions with the environment. In addition, we describe the capability by a mathematical object. Finally, we define a simple calculus over capabilities and show that capabilities of the system are a solution of a system of equations in the calculus.


A new, computationally efficient Semi-Lagrangian advection (SLA) scheme was used to simulate an idealized supercell storm using WRF coupled with Spectral (bin) Microphysics (SBM). SLA was developed to make complicated microphysical schemes more computationally accessible to cloud resolving models. The SLA is a linear combination of Semi-Lagrangian schemes of the first and the second order. It has relatively low numerical diffusion, a high level of mass conservation accuracy, and preserves the sum of multiple advected variables. In addition to idealized tests, comparisons were made with standard WRF higher-order, non-linear advection schemes. Tests of the SLA were performed using different weighting coefficients of γ for the combination of the first and second order components. The results of SLA on grids of 1 km, 500 m, and 250 m agree well with those of the standard WRF advection schemes, with results most similar to simulations with 250 m grid spacing. At the same time, the advection CPU time required by the SLA was 2.2 to 3 times shorter than the WRF advection schemes. The speed-up occurred in part because of the utilization of the same advection matrix for the advection of all hydrometeor mass bins. The findings of this work support the hypothesis that cloud microphysical simulation is more sensitive to the choice of microphysics than to the choice of advection schemes, thereby justifying the use of computationally efficient lower order linear schemes.


Building and operating safety critical systems requires making decisions about risk mitigations and their sufficiency. These decisions depend upon a safety case comprising many interrelated pieces ...


Precision forging of spur gear is a near net shape manufacture process,the researches on the precision forging techniques and the basic theories are paid much more attention to by the researchers around the world.With the commercially pure lead as the model material,the experimental studies on precision forging of spur gear are made by using grid method.The obtained results provide a reliable basis for studying the technology and designing the mould of precision forging of spur gear.


AbstractThe present paper deals with uncertainties related to modeling undrained shear strength of soft sensitive clays using finite-element effective stress–based soil models. Two effective stress...


New taxa of the family Tomiidae, Paratomia pectinata gen. et sp. nov., Tomia antiqua sp. nov., T. cancellata sp. nov., T. ramosa sp. nov., T. sennikovi sp. nov., and T. dura sp. nov., are described from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of Russia. The type species of the genus Tomia, T. costalis , is redescribed. A key to the species of Tomiidae is compiled. Tomiids are stratigraphically important, their dominance being characteristic of the lower half of the Triassic and possibly also the terminal Permian.


This study has indicated significant regional differences in permafrost temperature profiles versus depth within Alaska. Some regions, such as the north-central portion of Interior Alaska, appeared to have stable permafrost temperature profiles, based on the limited data and coverage possible under this study. Data from the Copper Basin, Tanana Valley, and lower Yukon-Kuskokwim show a significant recent warming trend. This warming is perhaps related to the global warming-greenhouse effect predictions forecasted as a result of increasing atmospheric carbon-dioxide and methane. The design engineer is encouraged to allow for the consequences of permafrost warming in calculations of foundation stability. These considerations will be especially critical for pile foundations, where freeze-back rates and long-term strengths are directly temperature dependent. The data from this study show that future permafrost temperatures must be taken into account and that some amount of warming above the present subsurface temperatures is extremely likely during the lifetime of a structure. The extent, rate, and regional distribution of permafrost warming trends are areas requiring further study. For estimation purposes, permafrost warming of 1 deg C during the next 10 to 30 years may provide a reasonable starting point for calculation purposes for Interior Alaska. Increased emphasis should be placed on pre-thawing of permafrost at construction sites, to eliminate future problems. An alternative is to increase the use of positive ground heat removal systems such as thermo-syphons.


The invention relates to a mine trackless rubber tire vehicle transport monitoring device and a dispatching method therefor; RS232 bus communication is adopted between a main control computer and an intelligent communicator, FSK bus communication is adopted between the intelligent communicator and a control substation, RS485 bus communication is adopted between the control substation and a signalmachine and between the control substation and a card reader, and radio communication is adopted between the card reader and an electronic tag. The card reader sends the recognized electronic tag identity information including rubber tire license plate number, model and the like into the control substation, the control substation transmits the information into the main control computer by the intelligent communicator, the main control computer can judge the position of a rubber tire vehicle through operation according to the system control regulation, and then the signal machine is controlledto display different colors to guide the driver to drive. The invention can ensure the mine trackless rubber tire vehicle to be safer in transport operation and higher in transport efficiency.


In recent years, there have been attempts to store natural gas in adsorptive form. This is called adsorptive natural gas, or ANG. The problem with this technology is the low sorption capacity. The purpose is to achieve compressed natural gas (CNG) capacity of 230 V/V. Further research is required to achieve such target. Several research studies have been performed with this target; through either the modification or development of new sorbents or the optimization of the operation sorption process itself. In this work, storage of methane on molecular sieves 5A and 13X was studied on dry basis, and on wet basis to certain extent. The temperature and the pressure dynamics were investigated. The results indicated that regardless of the charge pressure, the time for the peak temperature during the methane charge process is always the same. This can be used as a characteristic of the adsorbent. The total achieved deliveries using molecular sieves were much lower than that of activated carbons; 53.0 V/V for the case of 13X molecular sieves and 43 V/V for the case of 5A molecular sieves, both at 2C and 4 MPa (580 psi). Investigation of charge pressure dynamic using wet molecular sieves at 2C and a mass ratio of 0.5, revealed slowness of the process and unexpected behavior. Keywords—Methane, Molecular sieves, Adsorption, Delivery, Storage.


Summary In the course of the growth of Sarcoma 180 in white mice the excretion of nitrogen diminishes chiefly at the expense of urea and of the urinary protein, with the latter tending to disappear entirely. The excretion of the other urinary constituents is practically unaffected.


Background. Premature infants have a higher incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) than full term infants. UTI in premature infants can present with signs of sepsis: poor weight gain; temperature instability; metabolic acidosis; poor feeding; and abdominal distention. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of routine urine culture as part of a sepsis evaluation in the preterm infants. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of all infants with birth weight <1500 g (very low birth weight) who underwent sepsis evaluation at MetroHealth Medical Center between January 1991 and February 1998. All infants from whom urine and blood specimens were collected concomitantly for culture as part of a sepsis evaluation were included. Results. Included were 538 infants. Their mean gestational age was 28.5 ± 2.7 weeks, and mean birth weight was 1072 ± 276 g. Blood and urine specimens for culture were taken from 349 infants on admission or in the first 24 h of life (Group A), their mean birth weight was 1147 ± 244 g, and mean gestational age was 28.9 ± 2.6 weeks. None of these infants had positive urine cultures; 8 infants (2%) had positive blood cultures. Blood and urine specimens were obtained from 189 infants later between Days 6 and 150 of life (Group B); their mean birth weight was 933 ± 278 g, and mean gestational age was 27.5 ± 2.5 weeks. Forty-eight infants (25.3%) in Group B had positive urine cultures, and 79 infants (41.7%) had positive blood cultures. Eighteen infants (38%) with positive urine cultures had positive blood cultures, and 30 infants (62%) had negative blood cultures. Conclusions. There is minimal benefit in obtaining urine cultures from very low birth weight infants as part of a sepsis evaluation in the first 24 h of life. It is important to obtain urine cultures from older infants with signs of sepsis to identify patients with UTI with or without bacteremia.


Psychoterapy is largely influenced by psychological concepts. These include both individualistic views, which consider personality as an attribute of a person (intraspychic paradigm), and interpersonal views, which consider the socio


Signs emphasizing meaning and concept were designed for various technical terms used in teaching biology. Videotape presentations of these signs were reviewed independently by three deaf ASL linguists; their responses guided the development of the final form used for each sign. The new signs were then evaluated in comparison with fingerspelling of the technical terms during presentation of four topic areas to deaf biology students. Pre-tests, post-tests, and retention tests were used to examine whether the use of new signs for technical terms aids in learning and recalling scientific concepts. Videotapes of classroom sessions were reviewed to assess student response to the new signs, questionnaires being used to collect opinions on the use of the new signs. Though preliminary, the results suggest that technical signs faithful to the grammar of ASL should improve the deaf student's ability to participate in discussions of scientific subjects.


Data flow process networks (DPNs) have been introduced as a convenient model of computation for distributed and asynchronous systems since each process node can work independently of the other nodes, i. e. without the need of a global coordination. Synchronous and cyclo-static data flow process networks even allow to derive at compile-time efficient static schedules that allow one to run these systems with an efficient use of available resources, e. g. in embedded systems. Single process nodes of DPNs are stream-based computing devices that transform input streams to uniquely defined corresponding output streams such that single values of the output streams are computed as soon as sufficient input values are available. In this sense, they are related to the execution of an instruction stream by a conventional microprocessor. In this paper, we show how out-of-order execution that has been introduced for the efficient use of multiple functional units in microprocessors can also be used for the implementation of DPNs on multiprocessors. This way, the implementation of DPNs on multiprocessors allows one to optimize the throughput of single process nodes, and as shown by our experiments, also of the entire DPN.


We revisit the theory of background fields constructed on the BRST-algebra of a spinning particle with N = 4 worldline supersymmetry, whose spectrum contains the graviton but no other fields. On a generic background, the closure of the BRST-algebra implies the vacuum Einstein equations with a cosmological constant that is undetermined. On the other hand, in the "vacuum" background with no metric, the cohomology is given by a collection of free scalarand vector fields. Only certain combinations of linear excitations, necessarily involving a vector field, can be extended beyond the linear level with the vector field inducing an Einstein metric. ar X iv :2 20 3. 06 01 4v 1 [ he pth ] 1 1 M ar 2 02 2


What behaviour therapy is and what it is not Models of behaviour therapy Some basic aspects of behaviour therapy Changing behaviour Cognitions Cognitions: basic concepts Behavioural formulation Steps in behaviour therapy Behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders and depression The behavioural treatment of addictive disorders Disruptive disorders Behaviour therapy and interactional problems Behavioural approaches in other brances of medicine Behaviour therapy and chronic conditions Philosophical and ethical issues in behaviour therapy The current status and the future of behaviour therapy


Objectives: This study aims to identify the effects of circuit weight training and weight training on foot pressure. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: The 20 young participants were divided into a Circuit Weight Training Group (CWTG) and a Weight Training Group (WTC) with ten participants in each group. A gait analyzer was utilized to assess on plantar pressure of subjects. The plantar pressure of ten spots was measured and analyzed. A paired samples t-test was used before and after the exercise in the CWTG and the WTG. Findings: This study shows the two groups' changes in plantar pressure after the exercise as compared to before the exercise. The CWTG saw a significant increase in plantar pressure in two of the ten areas (F6, R1) and the WTG saw a significant increase in five of the ten areas (F4, F5, F6, R3, R4). After the four-week exercise program, the WTG's plantar pressure significantly increased in five of the ten areas of the sole, with a significant increase in the middle foot. The CWTG's plantar pressure significantly increased in two of the ten areas of the sole, the great toes and the outer areas of the heels. This means that the CWTG's plantar pressure is closest to the normal movement of plantar pressure. Improvements/Applications: The CWTG exercise method resulted in a normal gait pattern, which had a more positive effect on gait than weight exercise.


Abstract Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance absorption spectra of randomly oriented preparations of cytochrome c peroxidase, ferrimyoglobin, ferrimyoglobin-azide, and ferrimyoglobin-fluoride are measured in various physical states. In general, the line width of resonance absorptions increases in relation to the physical state of preparation in the following order: concentrated solutions l wet polycrystalline suspensions l lyophilized preparations l dried polycrystalline preparations. The broadening of resonance absorptions caused by dehydration can be reversed by rehydration and dissolution of the dried preparation. When cytochrome c peroxidase and ferrimyoglobin-azide are dehydrated, their spin types are reversibly fixed in the state at dehydration and become temperature-independent until these compounds are rehydrated. The intensity of the high spin resonance absorption of ferrimyoglobin decreases by a factor of 10 to 20 on dehydration. The initial intensity can be restored by rehydration and dissolution of the dehydrated ferrimyoglobin. Resonance spectra of dehydrated ferrimyoglobin exhibit hitherto unreported absorptions in the high field region. These absorptions may represent a compound or compounds which may be responsible for the low spin characteristics of lyophilized ferrimyoglobin detected by Mossbauer absorption spectroscopy.


As academics is confronted with problems such as larger classes and increase in learning process, it has become increasingly necessary to search for alternative forms of teaching and learning. This project discusses the use of the Internet for network based and computeraided language learning with reference to English language. An interactive internet website is designed in order to assist big number of users all over the world without distance constraints to be able to learn English language better. Since the world has become a global village, it is necessary to teach students
English language from different geographical areas through the use of the internet and this project attempts to improve students' proficiency in English language comprehension, grammatical structures and vocabulary development.


Based on the Gross–Pitaevskii equation model that incorporates higher-order nonlinear interaction, we studied sonic black hole and sonic horizon formation involved in nonlinear dynamical evolution for Bose–Einstein condensates with higher-order nonlinear interaction. On the basis of the modified variational method and the scenario where the system starts dynamic evolution from ground state, we derived the typical system distribution width function, which is analytically formulated as periodic oscillation solution and monotonically damped variational oscillation solution under different parametric settings. We also calculated the criteria formula for sonic black hole horizon formation with regard to the two evolution modes: oscillation mode and monotonically decay mode, pictorially demonstrating the time interval of sonic horizon appearance. The theoretical results obtained here can be used to guide relevant experimental studies of sonic horizon and sonic black hole formation for Bose–Einstein condensates incorporating the higher-order nonlinear interaction effects.


This study proposes a novel hybrid method that integrates a new multi-quality characteristic analysis chart (MQCAC) and a fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS). First, all the data of nominal-the-best, larger-the-better, and smaller-the-better quality characteristics were transferred into new evaluation data by using a change-of-variable technique. Furthermore, a new MQCAC was developed to measure whether all the quality characteristics of a product satisfy specifications. All substandard quality characteristics were regarded as alternatives when conducting fuzzy TOPSIS analysis. Subsequently, the top priority substandard quality characteristic for improvement in light of resource requirements and the performance improvement potential under a fuzzy environment was obtained using the proposed method. Finally, a real-world case study is presented to demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of the proposed method.


This paper presents a new method for object detection by edge grouping. This method can detect the boundaries of objects under complex background where the object contours are partly occluded or missing during contour extraction. Our method is adapted to detect the objects with not only closed boundaries but also open-boundaries. There are three contributions in this work. First, the shape of an object is represented by a novel Turn Angle Probabilistic Sequence Model (TAPSM) which originates from HMM. This shape model is robust for noisy images. Second, edge grouping is defined in a sequential search procedure based on TAPSM, which reduces the search complexity. Third, a linear discrimination weighted by probabilities is developed to evaluate the similarity between the detected line sequences and the model. We employ this approach to the problem of detecting warships from satellite imagery, and experimental results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed method.


Hendrix, Westfall, and Richards 1 have shown from microanalyses of glomerular urine obtained directly from the exposed kidney of the frog, after intravenous injection of inulin, that it contained the same concentration of inulin as the plasma. Also, Richards and his coworkers 2 demonstrated in a double perfusion experiment that the frog's kidney was unable to excrete inulin when the fluid flowing through the intertubular capillaries contained inulin and that of the glomerular capillaries did not. Creatinine was found by them to undergo insufficient concentration in the frog renal tubules to suggest secretion. The following experiments on normal unanesthetized bullfrogs (Rana catesbiana) were designed to determine the relation of xylose to inulin clearance, the relationship between plasma concentration of inulin and the amount excreted per unit time, and the relationship between creatinine and inulin clearances. A total of 16 normal bullfrogs, varying in weight from 280 to 600 gm. were used. Between and during collections they were kept individually in large battery jars almost completely immersed in tap water. Exogenous creatinine, inulin, xylose, and water were injected into the dorsal lymph sac. Urine was collected by catheter at half-hour or hour intervals and blood was withdrawn directly from the heart before and after each experiment. In 9 individuals xylose was found to have a lower clearance than inulin, the average xylose to inulin ratio being 0.80. In 27 individual collection periods on 7 animals with the plasma level of exogenous creatinine varying from 11.7 to 260 mg. %, and with the urine flow ranging from 3.1 to 27.8 Ice. per kg. per hour the creatinine clearance remained practically identical with that of inulin. The average creatinine/inulin clearance ratio of all collections was 0.996, with a standard deviation of 0.0643.


For the demand of highspeed machining highprecision camshaft,a real time interpolation which based on nonuniform rational Bspline is presented.This algorithms greatly reduced the interpolated compute time through interpolated pretreatment and reasonable approximate computation;at the same time,it introduced interpolation error and adjust steplength,all of which enable machining camshaft with high speed and high precision become true.


Objective To examine the inhibitory effects of doxycycline on the expression and ac-tivity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in mouse melanoma transplanted tumor model. Methods Forty-seven C57 mice were randomly divided into doxycycline treatment group and control group. The melanoma transplan-ted model was established by subcutaneous injection of BI6 cells suspending liquid into mice. Mice in treatment group were injected with doxycycline and those in control group with physiological saline solution everyday when tumor could be touched. Seven days later, 10 mice in each group were killed, and 14 days later all other mice were killed. The expression level of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF was detected by IHC.The activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 between different groups was examined by gelatin zymography. Results The inhibition rate (IR) was 52.36% after treatment for 7 days,but the IR was decreased to 35.63% af-ter treatment for 14 days. After treatment for 7 days, the expression level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in treat-ment group was lower than in control group (P 0.05). Conclusion Doxycychne could suppress the growth of malignant melanoma in mouse transplanted tumor model, which may be associated with the inhibitory effects of doxycychne on the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Key words:
Doxycycline;  Malignant Melanoma;  Matrix metalloproteinases


Coalfield fire information is extracted by use of thermal infrared and multi-spectrum image data of Landsat TM in 1997 and ETM+ in 2002 .The development situation of coalfield fire areas in different periods is analyzed and determined with the help of GIS overlay function. The result indicates that the coalfield fire conditions in Wuda coal mining area at Inner Mongolia have remarkably changed during the past years from 1997 to 2002. The area of coalfield fire has expanded, and its intensity enhanced gradually. The increased area has reached up to 0..16 km 2 per year.


The present invention includes a dianhydrosugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, relates to a method for recovering and purifying dianhydrosugar alcohol from a vapor stream comprising water vapor.


The ultrasonic anemometer system design based on time-difference-method was presented,and the ways to improve the arriving time of ultrasonic signals were analyzed and that to achieve ultrasonic driving signal basing upon pulse width modulation(PWM) proposed.Having the schemes with or without modulation techniques compared shows that the driving pulse with modulation techniques can greatly benefit the right judgment of the arriving time of the ultrasonic echo signal,the designed ultrasonic pulse driving scheme provides the good reference for the ultrasonic anemometer based on time-difference-method.


In this book test battery is developed. Finally it contains the test item Off drive shot. It can objectively assess the efficiency of a batsman with acceptable reliability and validity. The norms developed in this book have adequate objectivity with statistical acceptability. The norms of the test are gradable and can be useful to discriminate talented batsman's having a good level of batting skill.


The misrepresentation of Southeast Asians throughout history was often the results of the White Man's burden doctrine practiced by Western colonialists, which clouded their perceptions of Southeast Asians, resulting in claims that Southeast Asians were inferior. This Eurocentric idea has distorted the representation of colonized nations in general. However, the worst Eurocentric fallacy is regarding Muslim women in Southeast Asia. They were not only misrepresented but also intimidated by the patriarchal nature of orientalism. Muslim women were, and indeed often still are, viewed as vulnerable victims that need to be saved from their men, making them quarry of double oppression. The most unfortunate part is even many modern white feminists still subscribe to these Eurocentric ideas. Thus, this paper aims to decolonize this narrative by illustrating the history of women's involvement in politics from the time of the Malay Sultanate until post-World War II Malaya. This research also explores women's participation in the far-right and far-left political movements in Malaya, with special references to Ibu Zain and Shamsiah Fakeh. We demonstrate the independence of Malayan women and affirm that they were well-presented in Malayan politics over this period of time.


The invention relates to the use of a thermoplastic material in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle or on a component of at least one auxiliary unit of a motor vehicle, such as a clutch, a transmission case, a liquid pump, a jig, a seal, a bellows and / or a magnetic coil, wherein the material is at least partially cross-linked.


The present invention, driving torque, the two output shafts from a single drive shaft (2) (3, 5) to adjust the distribution ratio of the driving torque to the differential unit (15) and the output shaft (3,5) stepless adjustment device (14) and the transmission device is led through a rear axle (rear axle) transmission system especially relates. Stepless adjustment device (14) can be actuated by at least one electric motor (37). Differential unit (15) includes a differential gear (17), and a working connected differential case (19), to the drive shaft (2). Stepless adjusting device distribution rate of the driving torque (14), as the gear position (39) has at least one planetary gear. The planetary gear unit includes a differential case (19), and the associated output shaft (3 to 5), which is operatively connected to, and a braking device (51). According to the present invention, the braking device (51) is laterally offset in the direction of the planetary gear axis (Z), situated near the planetary gears (69, 71) gear (39), and an output shaft about the longitudinal axis of the (3, 5) (X), it lies within the radial extent region of at least approximately the planetary gears (69, 71).


Before clinical exploitation of optic nystagmus can be safely attempted, the most complete possible understanding of the normal physiology of this phenomenon must be gained. Early in our work in studying the records of normal subjects the influence of certain psychologic conditions on the nystagmographic pattern was appreciated. In a series of moving visual stimuli of varying complexity, those of little interest commonly evoked only a momentary glance while those of special interest were pursued longer, sometimes to the physiologic limit. Here was an indication that the amplitude of the slow phase might be modified by the psychologic factor called interest. In like manner the amplitude of the quick phase seemed to be influenced by the factor of relative interest engendered by different oncoming objects competing for renewed fixation. In addition, the more complex the object of regard, the greater the number of short quick phases or refixations occurring within


Thioureas or thiourea derivatives as organosulfur compounds are one of the most widely used ligands in different applications as we are going to discuss it extensively such as in coordination chemistry by involving them to rich sources of N, O and S atoms coordinating through S atom, S and O atoms in benzoyl derivatives or S, O and N atoms in pyridyl hetrocylic benzoyl derivatives. These hard and soft donor sites facilitate the bonding between thiourea free ligand and metal ion through one or more to make ligands behave as mono, bi or multidentate ligands to form huge and stable series of the metal complexes. The tautomerism (thiol↔thione) inside the thiourea derivatives is responsible on their flexibility which make them easy capable to coordinate in different modes. Thiourea derivatives and their metal complexes are known in biological area by possess them antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antitubercular, antithyroid and insecticidal activity features. Thioureas used as vital reagent to separate metal ions, catalyst to synthesize organic compounds or as starting material to form different hetrocyclic compounds. The wide range applications of thioureas and their metal complexes has motivated specialized researchers to search new applications for these compounds and to create a novel derivatives. The goal of this article is to present historical survey of thioureas and their metal complexes focusing on: firstly, the development of their synthetic routes by explore reactants, products, catalysis and the conditions of reactions. Secondly: investigation of the geometrical shapes of the produced complexes are reviewed as well as to the coordinated sites with metal centers. Lastly, the electrochemical manners have been lighted by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) to study the electrochemical behavior of free ligands and their complexes to confirm the oxidation state of the metal ion in its complexes.


The ether-a`-go-go -related gene (erg) K (cid:1) channels are known to be crucial for life in Caenorhabditis elegans (mating), Drosophila melanogaster (seizure), and humans (LQT syndrome). The erg genes known to date ( erg1 , erg2 , and erg3 ) are highly ex- pressed in various areas of the rat and mouse central nervous system (CNS), and ERG channel blockers alter firing accom- modation. To assign physiological roles to each isoform, it is necessary to design pharmacological strategies to distinguish individual currents. To this purpose, we have investigated the blocking properties of specific peptide inhibitors


In order to improve the output accuracy of back propagation neural network,a modified teaching-learning-based optimization( MTLBO) algorithm is proposed to train the weight and threshold value of neural network.In the MTLBO method,the "Teaching"phase and "Learning"phase were modified on the basis of TLBO algorithm,and a new "Self-Learning"mechanism was proposed to intensify global searching ability. Finally,the function fitting experiment and the tractor gearbox diagnosis experiment were used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulations show that this algorithm has a better convergence,prediction accuracy and robustness compared to the genetic algorithm( GA) and the basic teaching-learning-based optimization( TLBO) algorithm.


The article deals with the Arabic language and its problem faced in the modernera. The article is a response for the invitation that invites to give attention forArabic Language because of danger threatened, and that danger will damageArabic character, tearing spirit, and affecting weakness agin westernization.This article is a study on the writing of Aisyah Abdurrahman (Bint asy-Syathi')who has been recognized as one who has view and excellent thinking onlinguistic and modern literature, and who has fanaticism to the Arabian and itslanguage. The article mentions her important views in this area, among themare: al Fusha and al 'Amiyah, Arabic language and modern knowledge, languageinvasion and Arabization battle, teaching Arabic language. The article refers tothe book "Lugatuna wa al Hayah" written by Bint asy-Syathi', and also refers tomodern books that has correlation to the topic.


Fostering students' intellectual curiosity is a common goal of first-year seminar programs—especially in liberal arts settings. The authors propose an alternative method to assess this ambiguous, value-laden concept. Relying on data gathered from pre- and posttest in-depth interviews of 34 students enrolled in first-year seminars, they construct an externally valid assess ment framework to measure the behavioral manifestations of intellectual curiosity. More specifically, they measure the extent to which students' participation in first-year seminars leads to an increase in intrinsically motivated behaviors that enhance and expand upon their educational experience. Colleges and universities nationwide have instituted first-year seminar programs to facilitate students' entrance into their respective intellectual communities. The success of these programs has been measured in a number of ways. They have been shown to improve graduation rates (Barefoot, 1993), retention (Boudreau & Kromrey, 1994), satisfaction, and student adjustment (for an overview, see Barton and Donahue, 2009; Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005, pp. 400-403). Yet, while these are worthy accomplishments, many institutions have higher aspirations; they want to transform students into new kinds of people. A 2006 survey of first-year seminar programs found that over 35% of them encouraged some type of "self-exploration" and "personal development" (Griffin & Tobolows ky, 2008). In this study, we offer a framework for assessing one of these


Tourism resource is fundamental to the development, promotion and marketing of tourism scenic areas. It is also a key concern of research on the development of the tourism industry. In this paper, factors that influence the analysis of tourism resource are discussed and analyzed. A multi-factor performance evaluation model of tourism resource of tourism scenic area is proposed based on grey system analysis. Firstly, tourism resources of tourism scenic area are categorized into social factors, economic factors, environmental factors, resource factors, historic factors, scientific and technological factors, regional factors and management and service factors. Secondly, evaluation indicators of different categories are standardized to have unified scale. Thirdly, on the basis of grey system analysis, grey clustering coefficients of tourism resource of tourism scenic area are computed and the performance of tourism resources are evaluated according to coefficients. Last but not least, the evaluation model of tourism resource of tourism scenic area is verified through a case study.


(\ITHT 1 FIGCURE) Presumptive evidence that Cladochytrium replicatum could be cultivated on an artificial medium was first offered by Sparrow (1931), who succeeded in growing the chytrid on corn meal agar. However, the relatively slow growth of the fungus as compared with that of the surrounding contaminants prevented him from obtaining a pure culture. Karling (1935), in an account of the distribution of this organism in bodies of fresh water in and around New York City, concluded that it was an ubiquitous saprophyte. He cultivated it on several complex media of which soil mannite agar was best since the mannite medium appeared to retard bacterial growth. It remained for Couch (1939) to be the first to achieve success in establishing a pure culture of this or any other chytrid and in his classic paper he outlined several techniques for isolating lower Phycomycetes. The present investigation was begun in order to expand our knowledge of the factors affecting the growth of this common water chytrid and to ascertain its place within recently propounded phylogenetic schemes (Crasemann, 1954; Cantino, 1955; Cantino and Turian, 1959) based on nutritional characteristics.


methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene, has been used to extend the shelf life of various fruits. The aim of this job was to evaluate the effect of application of aqueous solutions of 10, 100 and 200 g L-1 1-MCP, with exposure times of 1, 5 and 10 minutes on the shelf life of yellow pitahaya. During 15 days of storage (25 ± 2 ° C and 75% relative humidity), physical changes such as weight


. Seismic assessment of buildings and determination of their structural damage is at the forefront of modern scientific research. Since now, several researchers have proposed a number of procedures, in an attempt to estimate the damage response of the buildings subjected to strong ground motions, without conducting time-consuming analyses. These procedures, e.g. construction of fragility curves, usually utilize methods based on the application of statistical theory. In the last decades, the increase of the computers' power has led to the development of modern soft computing methods based on the adoption of Machine Learning algorithms. The present paper attempts an extensive comparative evaluation of the capability of various Machine Learning methods to adequately predict the seismic response of R/C buildings. The training dataset is created by means of Nonlinear Time History Analyses of 90 3D R/C buildings with three different masonry infills' distributions, which are subjected to 65 earthquakes. The seismic damage is expressed in terms of the Maximum Interstory Drift Ratio. A large-scale comparison study is utilized by the most efficient Machine Learning algorithms. The experimentation shows that the LightGBM approach produces training stability, high overall performance and a remarkable coefficient of determination to estimate the ability to predict the buildings' damage response. Due to the extremely urgent issue, civil protection mechanisms need to incorporate in their technological systems scientific methodologies and appropriate technical or modeling tools such as the proposed one, which can offer valuable assistance in making optimal decisions.


The article deals with the objectives, tools and results of monitoring of the quality of foreign lan
guage education
in secondary schools of Zakarpattia which took place in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 school years. The ar
ticle also
focuses on mechanism of collection information and information processing about the function of the
school system
which provides continuous observation of its condition and making prediction about its development w
hich is
necessary for the existence of modern school.
Key words: monitoring of foreign language education, analysis of levels of educational achievements,
quality of
education, language competences


This Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is infrastructure less network.  Any specialized router is not used in MANET for routing operations because as it is infrastructure less. Instead, all the nodes in MANET act as a router to perform routing operations with the help of routing protocol.  The security issue becomes the major problem in MANET because of this feature and it affects the overall performance of the network.  Many researchers have proposed various protocols of higher safety to defend against attacks; the increased deployment of ubiquitous MANET has exponentially increased the complexity to detect network attacks and protect against them. In particular Wormhole can affect whole network. The intruder can create wormhole attack by creating tunnel between two nodes with hop or without hops.  In this research proposes a detection framework which consists of three phase namely clustering, detection and removal are used to detect both wormhole attacks. The source node will detect the wormhole nodes by tracing the messages received from the nodes.  The proposed modified AODV finds the solution using mathematical calculation. it detects the malicious nodes and isolates it from the active data forwarding. The experimental results are compared with the other existing detection algorithm and the results show the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than the other algorithms.


This paper presents an Authenticated Key Exchange(AKE) protocol,named AKE-1.Compared with previous protocols,the proposal is more efficient and proven to be safe in newly enhanced Canetti-Krawczyk(eCK07) model under the random oracle assumption and the Computational Diffie-Hellman(CDH) assumption.It uses a technique named trapdoor test,recently proposed by Cash,Kiltz and Shoup.In addition,it presents a one-pass variant(for only one entity on line) and three-pass variant(providing key confirmation) of AKE-1 for different applications.


We describe ultrafast coherent acoustic phonon measurements of a latent photoresist pattern with 1 mum features that is buried beneath an A1 film. Simulation results for higher resolution measurements are also described.


Based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) model and the border feedback control measure. On the basis of considering the total number of vehicles in the sub-area as the overall operation condition of the sub-area. A queuing model of single intersection is proposed to optimize the signal timing considering the actual operation of each boundary intersection. Through the VISSIM simulation experiment, it is verified that the signal optimization strategy can significantly improve the average speed, reduce vehicle delay, alleviate traffic congestion, and greatly improve the traffic condition of the sub-area.


Colombia has one of the largest numbers of internally displaced populations in the world and recently entered a period of post-conflict. These socio-political processes and trends have increased the migration of people towards cities and accordingly are affecting the distribution and occurrence of tropical diseases in its urban and peri-urban areas. Studies have suggested that many human phenomena such as urbanization scale according to the size of human populations regardless of cultural context. But other studies show that health epidemics such as malarial and human immunodeficiency virus infections, follow a scale-free distribution in terms of population size and density. We explore these relationships and dynamics in a tropical context using statistical analyses and available geospatial data to identify the scale dynamics between urbanization processes and disease transmission in Colombia. We found that rural populations and certain disease dynamics were described by power-laws that are frequently mentioned in urbanization studies. However, we found that malaria presented higher intensity of infection in human settlements of less than 50,000 individuals, particularly for ethnic indigenous populations. Results indicate that epidemics and urbanization dynamics do indeed follow scales in Colombia; findings that differ from previous epidemiological studies such as those for malarial infection. Additionally, we identified trends showing that malarial infections become endemic in peri-urban areas. Targeting such peri-urban locations and certain demographic groups are key for managing public health issues in the urbanizing tropics.


A specific cation stabilization parameter based on electrochemical oxidation potential differences within a family of similar electron donors can be used to explain unexpected relative oxidation potentials.


Holistic nurses and other holistic health care professionals are often characterized by their "capacity to accept the potential validity of medical therapies that may not have undergone the rigorous testing necessary to be considered standard of care" (Benda, 2004, p. 26). This claim begs at least two questions: Are other nursing specialties more successful at incorporating evidence into daily practice? and Where should holistic nurses go to find evidence for their practice? Nursing care that is based on the synthesis of clinical expertise, judgment, research findings of effective outcomes, and costeffectiveness is known as evidence-based practice. It has become the standard of care for professional nursing (Guzzetta, 2005; Stone, Curran, & Bakken, 2002). Evidence-based practice has long been the standard for care in some nursing specialties such as perinatal nursing. However, even in these settings nurses often encounter barriers to incorporating research findings into their daily practice. Barriers that nurses have identified include the fact that reading and understanding research is time-consuming. Many nurses lack knowledge about research methods and statistical analyses. Moreover, nurses frequently assert that there is minimal administrative support to implement research findings in practice (Carr & Schott, 2002). Just as perinatal nurses face barriers to providing evidence-based practice, so do holistic nurses. According to leaders in nursing who met at the Gillette Nursing Summit on Integrated Health and Healing to discuss the role of nursing in the emerging field of integrative health care, the incorporation of disparate, and sometimes unusual, interventions in health care practices should be based on supportive


Device for fixing a breast (10) of a patient at a predetermined level body, wherein a) a container (20) for receiving the chest (10) through a container opening (21), b) fixing a diaphragm (15), c) are provided at least one compression pad (11) that presses the breast (10) against the opposing fixing membrane (15), wherein d) fixing the membrane (15) is formed as a single access window for various medical applications convenient (in the entire region of the breast 10).


Retailers will have to provide even greater value this holiday season if they want their share of the small projected increase in holiday spending, according to Brand Keys' annual Holiday Spending Survey of 16,000 consumers. In the face of a much slower economic recovery (70% indicated that the economy is still impacting holiday spending plans)…


At our laboratory, we developed a new cell type for the batch isothermal calorimetry of dissolution enthalpies to determine small amounts of easily soluble or slightly soluble solids. An innovative mixing system aimed at minimizing errors related to the common brittle point breakage effect has been coupled with a pneumatic valve, thus allowing it to work as a cell within an environment involving automatic information management done with software and electronics. The calorimetric cell has a capacity of 20 mL and the sample valve can handle solid samples between 5.0 and 30.0 mg. The experimental conditions suggested in specialized literature were maintained. Values of -i"H° of 33.4134i'±0.0005, 32.1248 i'±i€ 0.0012, 30.7357 i'±0.0014, 30.2754 i'± 0.0017, 30.2691 i'± 0.0007, 29.3395i€ i'±i€ 0. 0023, 28.7232 i'± 0.0032 and 26.0705 i'± 0.0028Kjoul./mole at 0, 10, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively, are reported. The results of the study are then compared with existing studies in calorimetrics, and confirmthe results of the standard THAMHCl calorimetric system.


A description is given of a project for producing highly charged ions. High Z ions are triply ionized and accelerated to several Mev. They are then injected and more thoroughly stripped at the center of a variable energy and on cyclotron under construction at Orsay. (tr-auth)


Regardless of concrete forms and methods of solution, the balance and recycle process models are, in their very essence, matrix and vector equations, mostly of high order. As various time and effort consuming rigorous ways of solution of these model forms suffer often from the accuracy and convergency problems, a question is arising whether an acceptable estimation of the result should be not preferred instead, at least for starting analysis. Moreover, the model parameters such as the distribution coefficients of resources and the splitting factors of recycle flows, are usually complex functions of the state variables, process equipment parameters and technological conditions or economic possibilities. That means that an unavoidable level of uncertainty of various types is also to be taken into account. All these features and characters set forth the intrusive question on reasonability of treating the uncertain input information by rigorous but usually laborious methods to get the result which is undoubtedly not less uncertain and not more reliable than the input information itself. Nevertheless, even the estimations of that sort are to form a reliable basis for the analysis of technical, economic and organizational character necessary for decision-making of the type 'yes or rather not'. In the article, the analysis of the estimation limits and the ways of their utilization for the complex model solution is proposed and discussed. As may be expected, the backbone of the methods is the matrix inverse estimation.


The reduction of ${\text{Cu}}_{2}\text{O}$ islands on Cu(100) surfaces under vacuum annealing leads to the formation of surface craters on the substrate surface surrounding the reducing oxide islands. These craters exhibit growth instability characterized by increased slope of both the inner and outer facets of the crater rims. We suggest that the crater formation and the growth instability are related to the homoepitaxial growth of Cu adatoms dislodged from the reducing ${\text{Cu}}_{2}\text{O}$ islands. Incorporation of such atomic processes in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations reproduces the morphological features of the experimentally observed craters.


The study is written on the procedural issues related the Structural Funds, in whose creation and application a double practice can be observed in Hungary: some of the procedures are regulated in ministerial decrees, while the rest of the rules are created neglecting the legal regulations, in the form of internal organisational rules. It goes without question that the implementation of any objective with state development intentions — be they the most honest objectives — is much simpler and more effective if the legal regulations are neglected; however, this questions the necessity of a democratic legal state and promotes the advantages of a state structure of different type. The study sees three alternative solutions for the legal regulation of the procedures: — Extension of the effect of the acts on administrative procedures (state administration procedures act, act on public procurement), — Sui generis regulation, — The integration of the procedures already existing and the ones to be created into a legal regulation in effect. The essay pays a special attention to those elements of the tender support system that re- quire amendments or a further regulation, and also to those questions that are important for the operation of the constitutional state, such as of the legal regulation of the appeal system, the inadequate application of the principle of publicity and its incomplete integration into the legal regulation of the procedures related to the distribution of the community resources.


Recent work by party scholars reveals a widening gap between the normative ideals we set out for political parties and the empirical evidence that reveals their deep and perhaps insurmountable shortcomings in realizing these ideals. This disjunction invites us to consider the perspective of David Hume, who offers a theory of the value and proper function of parties that is resilient to the pessimistic findings of recent empirical scholarship. I analyze Hume's writings to show that the psychological experience of party informs the opinions by which governments can be considered legitimate. Hume thus invites us to consider the essential role parties might play in securing legitimacy as that ideal is practiced or understood by citizens, independent of the ideal understandings of legitimacy currently being articulated by theorists. My analysis contributes to both recent party scholarship and to our understanding of the role of parties in Hume's theory of allegiance.


Purpose: Gastric ischemia, as a rare cause of gastropathy, is a clinical challenge, with a very poor prognosis, in which an early diagnosis is essential to successful intervention. The rich vascular supply of the stomach has been thought to be protective against ischemia. We are presenting a case of a 73-year-old male, with a clinical history of diabetes type 2, with retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy with chronic renal failure (on dialysis), coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (CVA) and arterial hypertension. He was admitted in Vascular Surgery Department for a distal femoral bypass. Due to protracted vomiting and anorexia for two weeks, we performed an upper endoscopy, which revealed "intense hyperemia exudative mucosa with necrotic areas of the gastric fundus and corpus, along the greater curvature suggestive of ischemic lesion. A Mallory-Weiss nonbleeding small vessel was seen at the esophageal-gastric junction". Gastric biopsies were taken and histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of ischemic gastropathy: "chronic gastritis with coagulation necrosis and congestive microthrombotic small vessels". To date, 9 cases have been reported and their clinical features will be described in comparison with our patient. We conclude, that although very rare, ischemic gastropathy, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of protracted vomiting, particularly in high risk patients with atherosclerotic, cardiovascular and renal disease. 1050


The present invention relates to a nearest neighbor query processing method for a moving area in a vehicle ad hoc network environment. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for generating an ad hoc network environment while a vehicle is moving to receive movement information of another vehicle, and calculating a distance of another vehicle in the vehicle, thereby detecting a nearby vehicle. This technique can be useful for supporting safe driving by detecting movement of a nearby vehicle while driving the vehicle. Determining at least one vehicle closest to the query vehicle by using the result of calculating the distance between the query vehicle and at least one or more other vehicles in the query area and providing the position of the other vehicle so that the driver can enjoy safe driving do.


Extension efforts are seemingly strenuous attempts of technology transfer whereby improved or new technologies are adapted to suit local farming conditions with aim of solving location - specific farmers' production constraints. This study assesses the promotional efforts of the Ogun State Agricultural Development Programme (OGADEP) extension service for the transfer of Idileruwa, a local cassava variety in Abeokuta North, Yewa North and Imeko-Afon Local Government Areas of Ogun State. Idileruwa cassava variety is a local cultivar of cassava which is endowed with all the good qualities of an improved cassava variety and three other remarkable attributes namely, ability to yield better than any other cassava variety in any soil type, distastefulness of its tubers to rodents and durability of its tubers in the soil (food security). The local government areas were purposively chosen for the study because the farmers there were notable for growing the cassava variety. One hundred and thirty (130) farmers were randomly selected in 65 villages and interviewed, and 20 village extension agents were also interviewed. The results showed that OGADEP had made series of efforts for the transfer of the new TMS 30572 in the area of study. But it was not aborted by the farmers (the adoption level was just 26.15%). Consequently an adaptive research was carried out on Idileruwa, an improved local cassava variety and it was certified acceptable and transferable. Most significantly concerted efforts such as inter - personal contact, small plot adoption technique, on farm adaptive research, demonstrations, etc. had so much enhanced the level of adoption to about 99.23% that they no longer had any appreciable effect on the continuous adoption of the cassava variety. The practical implication of this is that the adoption of the package has been reached through a corporation of promotional activities. Hence, a new technology or innovation of superior socio - economic attributes in this production sector may have to be introduced for a change.


Foreword. Principal elements. The marginal beam, field of view, and magnification. Ray tracing as applied to periscopes. The principal rays and the centre of the effective stop. Illumination of the marginal beam and its relation to the field of view. The Collector Law. Determination of the collector lens. Periscopes with parallel path of principal rays in front of the eyepiece. Special numerical example. Calculation of the Ramsden eyepiece. Reduced top periscopes. The external form of the submarine periscope.


The present invention relates to a spray valve which includes a valve plug member (2) and the plug molded member (7), wherein said valve plug member (2) comprises a valve seat (3) and the valve housing (4 ), the valve housing (4) with alignment means (5), the alignment means is arranged in the valve plug member is aligned injection tool, and wherein said molded plastic member (7) having second alignment means, which is arranged in the injection valve is mounted to the alignment process, to the internal combustion engine.


The Civil Servants Joint Stock Fund (C.S.J.S.F.), since its establishment in 1867, has invested part of its funds in acquiring real estate properties during the interwar period in Greece. The real estate selection was a very significant process for the Fund's administration, investing on buildings situated in the historic center of Athens and designed by well-known architects. The fund also initiated the restoration procedures in order to keep its real estate up to date with respect to their importance as milestones of Greek Culture. This paper presents a part of the Fund's heritage preservation policy and its extensive protection, conservation, restoration, and rehabilitation program; referring briefly to the historical and architectural description of the five (C.S.J.S.F.) historical buildings, in addition to the conservation and restoration projects for one of them; the Deligiorgi Residence, which was designed by the architect Ernst Ziller. The restoration work underlines the ultimate need for heritage preservation, and the importance of being sensitive to the historical character of the buildings, thereby improving their economic status and contributing to the sustainable preservation of architectural and cultural heritage within historic cities.


An EF(ecological footprint) model was used to calculate the per capita EEF(energy ecological footprint),which increased from 1.753 to 3.107A4!hm2 in the period from 1999 to 2008 in Liaoning province,while the EF was in the range from 2.847 to 4.729A4!hm2.The results showed that EEF was over 60% of EF,and that the ecological pressure owing to energy consumption increased gradually.A per capita EEF decomposition model was developed and applied to the empirical analysis of the calculated results of EEF,and it was found that the contributive effects of the intensity and structure of energy on the decreasing ecological pressure is unable to offset the ecological hazard due to economic development,thus resulting in the increasing trend of per capita EEF,especially after the year 2003.Some measures are therefore suggested to take to decrease the per capita EEF.


A version of this paper was presented at the Academy of Management meetings, August 1976. The author thanks his colleagues David Lewin, Noel Tichy, and Michael Ginzberg, and an anonymous reviewer forASQ for their helpful comments and criticism. This work was supported by grants from the Center for Research in Career Development at Columbia University and from the Shell Companies Foundation.


THE STUDY of the innervation of the choroid plexus is attended with great technical difficulties, explaining the paucity of investigations on this subject. Isolated notes on the nerve supply of the choroid plexus are found in the works of older authors. As far back as 1874 Benedikt1identified nerve fibers in the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. He used carmine staining. These fibers were rami of the tenth nerve and originated in the cells of the nucleus ambiguus. Benedikt named these fibers "the thirteenth nerve." His observations were confirmed by Bokhdallek and Purkinje. Bkhnenek described nerve plexuses around the vessels of the "paraphysis" of the frog. He was able to trace the course of the fibers from these plexuses to the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles. Findley drew attention to the presence of sympathetic nerve fibers in the choroid plexus of man and cattle. Together with Studnitska,


Aim To investigate whether IV lidocaine improves emergence, early recovery, and late recovery after general anesthesia in women who undergo breast surgery. Methods Sixty-seven women with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, scheduled for breast surgery were randomized to receive an IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus (n = 34) or saline placebo (n = 33) before tracheal extubation. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental, vecuronium, and fentanyl, and maintained with sevoflurane ~ 1 MAC and 50% nitrous-oxide in oxygen. No postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis was given. Time to extubation, bucking before extubation, and quality of emergence, as well as early and late recovery (coughing post-extubation, sore throat, PONV, and pain scores) within 24 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Diclofenac and meperidine were used for the treatment of pain and metoclopramide for PONV. Results The groups did not significantly differ in demographics, intraoperative data, or PONV risk scores. Extubation was ~ 8 minutes in both groups. Patients who received IV lidocaine had significantly smoother recovery, both statistically and clinically; they had better extubation quality scores (1.5 [1-3] vs 3 [1-5], P < 0.001), less bucking before extubation (38% vs 91%, P < 0.001), less coughing after extubation (at 1 min 18% vs 42%, P = 0.026; and at 24 hours 9% vs 27%, P = 0.049), and less sore throat (6% vs 48%, P < 0.001). Late PONV decreased (3% vs 24%, P = 0.013). There were no differences in pain scores and treatment. Conclusion In women who underwent breast surgery, IV lidocaine bolus administered just before extubation attenuated bucking, cough and sore throat, and PONV for 24 hours after general anesthesia, without prolonging the emergence. ISRCTN: 71855856.


ZnO:Al thin films were deposited on flexible substrates by magnetron sputtering. The effects of the carrier concentrations on the hall mobilities of AZO films were investigated. When the carrier concentration was high (~1020/cm3), the hall mobility decreased with increase of the carrier concentration, showing obvious characteristics of ionized impurity scattering; moreover, the carrier mobility could be expressed to be-2.14/3 proportional of the carrier concentration by combining the results of simulation and experiments.simulation and experiment. When the carrier concentration was about a magnitude of 1019 cm-3, the carrier mobility is influenced by the carrier concentration and grain size, which means the carrier mobility was affected by both the grain boundary scattering and ionized purity scattering mechanism.


The minimum number of blocks having maximum size precisely four that are required to cover, exactly $\lambda$ times, all pairs of elements from a set of cardinality $v$ is denoted by $g_{\lambda}^{(4)}(v)$. The values of $g_{\lambda}^{(4)}(v)$ are known apart from the cases $(v,\lambda)= (17,1)$ and $(18,1)$. We prove that $g_1^{(4)}(18)\ge 32$, thereby reducing this outstanding case to just two possible values, namely 32 and 33.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: equipment for connection of pipelines comprises a nozzle designed for fixation by rolling at the end of a pipe in a piping system and for interaction of at least indirectly with another element of the piping system. The surface of the nozzle designed for connection by rolling with the pipe end contains a portion coated with glue, at the same time the glue contains at least two components, one of the components of which is encapsulated. The part coated with glue preferably has smaller diameter and is preferably equipped with protruding rims. EFFECT: invention improves reliability of pipelines connection. 33 cl, 12 dwg


Abstract:Three closely related prehistoric landscapes located in the Burren in Co. Clare are investigated with the aim of exploring the relationships between households and the wider societies within which they functioned. Particular emphasis is placed on the spatial expression of residential, economic and ritual activities across the landscapes. The changing relationship between domestic production and the developing political economy is placed in its wider Irish and British context and discussed in terms of gift exchanges and debt relationships.


[97551-09-2] C22H17N (MW 295.38)

InChI = 1S/C22H17N/c1-3-7-19-15(5-1)9-11-17-13-23-14-18-12-10-16-6-2-4-8-20(16)22(18)21(17)19/h1-12,23H,13-14H2

InChIKey = YZXDPXIVNVKRNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(reagent used as a chiral auxiliary or a building block to form chiral reagents, ligands, and catalysts for asymmetric reactions)

Alternative Names: 3H-dinaphth[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]azepine, 4,5-dihydro-, (11bS)-; 3H-dinaphth[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]azepine, 4,5-dihydro-, (S)-; (S)-3,5-dihydro-4H-dinaphth(2,1-c:1′,2′-e)azepine.

Physical Data: mp 73–84 °C,1 white solidified foam,1 [α]D20 + 620° (c 0.78, CHCl3).1

Solubility: sol in THF, toluene, CHCl3, and most organic solvents; insol in water.

Form Supplied in: available from Shanghai SynCores Technologies, Inc. and D-L Chiral Chemicals, LLC.

Analysis of Reagent Purity: IR (KBr) 3382, 3049, 2957, 2862, 1595, 1508, 1463, 1446, 1398, 1364, 817, 752 cm−12; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.12 (br s, 1H), 3.53 (d, J = 11.7 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (d, J = 11.7 Hz, 2H); 7.23–7.31 (m, 2H), 7.43–7.50 (m, 4H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.94–8.02 (m, 4H) ppm3; 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ 48.4, 125.2, 125.6, 126.8, 127.1, 128.1, 128.7, 131.2, 132.8, 134.6, 134.8 ppm3; Anal. calcd. for C22H17N: C 89.46, H 5.80, N 4.74; found: C 89.52, H 5.86, N 4.69.3

Preparative Methods: (S)-4,5-dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]azepine was first synthesized from (±)-2,2′-bis(bromomethyl)-1,1′-binaphthalene (eq 1).4 The reaction sequence involved alkylation of (R)-α-aminophenylacetamide and crystallization to obtain the pure diastereoisomer (R)-2-{(S)-3H- dinaphtho[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]azepin-4(5H)-yl}-2-phenylacetamide, followed by dehydration with POCl3 and CN bond cleavage with AgNO3 to give the optically pure final product. It has also been prepared from the same starting material through alkylation of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, hydrolysis of the amide, and resolution of the racemate from the dibenzoyl-l-tartrate salt (eq 2).1 A simplified procedure involves the cyclization of (S)-2,2′-bis(bromomethyl)-1,1′-binaphthalene with allylamine with subsequent N-deallylation in the presence of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (NDMBA) and Pd(OAc)2 (eq 3).2

(1)

(2)

(3)

Purification: column chromatography on silica gel.2

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Handle with gloves. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Avoid breathing dust. Irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory system.

Related Reagents: (R)-4,5-dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]azepine; (S)-4,5-dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]azepine-2-carboxylic acid.


THE PROBLEM of being misled by predictive information is especially important to American higher education at this critical period of rapid ex pansion. Prospective and currently enrolled c o 1 lege students need realistic counseling in regard to their college plans. This is a report of the devel opment of some college scholastic progress pat terns which may be more valid and more useful as predictive information for counseling than that which is presently available. The basic idea underlying the development o f this information is that of describing the actual in-college performance of former students of a college and then using this description as a pattern for the expected progress of prospective or cur rently enrolled students of that college. The de scription of former students was obtained by se lecting various homogeneous groups of former stu dents and then charting the progress of each group over a four semester period. The progress of each group included both an achievement aspect and a persistence aspect. Achievement is shown by the proportion of each group in each of four grade-point average ranges. The persistence as pect is shown by the proportion of each group leaving at various times over a two year period. Whether or not these departures are voluntary i s also shown. The development of these progress patterns be gan with two basic premises: 1) that the two fac tors most significantly related to college scholas tic progress are previous academic achievement and scholastic ability; and 2) that the scholastic progress made by prospective or currently enrolled students of a college will be essentially the same as progress made by previously enrolled students of that college. Many studies have reported the relationship of the two factors, ability and previous achievement, to college grade-point averages. Travers** has reviewed predictive studies of this kind at all edu cational levels, and Garrett2 has done so for pre dictions in liberal arts colleges. An aspect of progress other than college grade point average, however, is that of staying power or, stated negatively, tendency to leave college. Table I presents some evidence to show the significance of the relationship of the two factors, ability and pre vious achievement, to staying power or tendency to leave college. In Table L, consider the men of low scholastic promise, that is, those who scored a mong the lowest third on the College Qualification Test and who earned less than a C average the first semester: 29.2% of this group left voluntarily be fore the junior year as compared with 16. 9% of the men with high scholastic promise; likewise 54. 6% of the low scholastic promise group was dropped as compared with only 1.2% of the high scholastic promise group. The effect of previous achievement and scholastic ability on departures is also shown for the women. In the case of women, however, ability and previous achievement have little effect upon voluntary departures. Evidence in support of the second premise, con cerning the relationship of the progress of current ly enrolled students to former students, is presented in Tables n and III. Table n shows the similarities from year to year for the grade-point average as pect of progress. There was little variation in mean grade-point averages from year to year over a 10 year period. For example, consider the sec ond column in Table n. This column shows 10 dif ferent groups of freshman men in the College of Letters and Science, each group being present for the second semester in the year shown. The range of the mean grade-point averages shown in the third column is 2. 22 to 2. 32. There is no trend upward or downward in terms of grade-point average, but there is an upward trend in the size of the groups, reflecting enrollment increases. Each of these groups is, of course, quite heterogeneous in re spect to academic background, scholastic ability, and many other factors. The columns for s o p h o mores, juniors, and seniors similarly show little variation in mean grade-point averages from year to year. Furthermore, differences between the mean grade-point averages of the four classes re presented are essentially the same from year to


Etimologically, certificate comes from Dutch "Certificat" which means evidence letter or a clarification letter that proves something. In the Kabanjahe District Court's Ruling Number 30/Pdt.G/2009/Kbj Ishak Charlie files a complaint on Land Title with good faith in which there are doubled land title certificates with different areas and borders and Ishak Charli claims that he has purchased the land in accordance with the existing procedures. The research type is normative. The research is descriptive analysis. In Kabanjahe District Court's Ruling Number 30/Pdt.G/2009/Kbj, it is stated that the claim is void due to the incomplete claimed subject so that Ishak Charlie does not obtain justice in his claim despite witnesses and documents that have been proven in the District Court, the certificate possessed by Ishak Charlie has been pronounced annulled before law by State Administrative Court and the valid certificate that is recognized by the State Administrative Court is the one that belongs to Syamsuddin Arifin.


This paper presents vibration characteristics of a wire cut discharge machine in which an electrorheological brake actuator is used to control the wire tension. On the basis of the tension level required in the machine an appropriate size of the ER brake actuator is devised. The ER brake actuator is then incorporated into the machine and the field-dependent wire tension is experimentally evaluated. The straightness of the workpiece is also empirically investigated by changing the intensity of the electric field. In addition, the tension control performance of the discharge machine is simulated by utilizing a robust sliding mode controller.


Recently Voltage stability issues have gained significant attention, due to voltage instability incidents. Voltage instability is the progressive and uncontrollable fall or rise of the voltage at some buses of the system which affects mainly reactive power increment. Voltage stability issues include the reactive power loss compensation techniques. In this paper a hybrid model of decision making based on two algorithms namely Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm based implementation is proposed. The optimization problem is defined by obtaining the optimal locations of the Var compensators and to minimize the total reactive power loss in a power system network. The simulation observation illustrates an improvement in relative loss compensation in comparison to existing models.


This chapter presents an overview of the design of an interactive medical/biological training environment using a multi-modal user interface. We describe the software architecture required to develop such environment. Then we introduce the physics-based models of the objects interacting in the virtual scenes. We discuss the implementation of the dexterity enhancing training tasks combined with the associated definitions of metrics which can be used as a part of score keeping operation. A virtual mentoring agent was used throughout the training tasks for guidance in terms of multi-modal feedback including graphics, haptic and audio feedback cues. A fuzzy logic based method was used to evaluate and compare the performance metrics of the trainee in relationship to both novice and expert user.