Objective To analyze and summarize the effective treatment of obstetric and gynecological bleeding measures.Method Of obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2011 were treated 60 clinical cases of postpartum hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.Results 60 cases of postpartum hemorrhage by uterine bleeding gauze surgery were successful.Bleeding did not occur again,no signs of infection in gauze.2 patients had postoperative body temperature than 38.5℃,the enhanced anti-inflammatory treatment returned to normal after 4~5d review of blood leukocytes to normal.The average hospital stay was maternal 10d.Conclusion We actively bleeding during treatment,we must do a good job of publicity and on the strict observation of the birth process and standardize operations,radically reduce the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage.


This chapter primarily deals with the relationship between the marketing mix and the channel strategy of the companies. The distribution system is influenced by product, price, and promotion of the brand. The choice of the distribution system also influences the product, price, and promotion strategy of the brand. The chapter will discuss in detail how each of the factors of product, price, and promotion are correlated with the channel strategy of the company. It is seen that the product along with the market determines the distribution strategy and the channel choices and strategies are influenced by the stage of the product life cycle. Pricing has always been a very important aspect of marketing a product. It assumes more importance as the price of the product also goes on to influence the margins of the intermediaries. It can be easily understood that the margins on a product impacts upon the commitment of the intermediaries or channel members. This in turn influences the willingness of the channel members to push the brand or the product to their customers. The channel members also expect a lot of support from the company in terms of advertisements or other consumer or trade promotion schemes. The quantum of support is dependent on the capacity of the company and the type of product and market they are operating in. This chapter also discusses about the franchise system and the electronic channel system which are now part of the channel strategy of almost all large companies. The characteristics of these channels along with their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed in detail.


The article describes a clinical case of a surgical operation on a turtle with the installation of an esophagostomy into the esophagus.


Data on the occurrence of ten weevils species associated with Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), from Ilha de Marchantaria, Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil) are presented for the first time. During the period from March to August 2005, 809 weevils specimens were sampled on P. stratiotes, distributed across nine species allocated in five genera of Stenopelmini, in addition to one unidentified species in the Cryptorhynchinae. Among the Stenopelmini, Argentinorhynchus breyeri Brethes, 1910 (N = 665) was the dominant species, with the highest abundance in July (N = 189) and the lowest in August (N = 11), while Ochetina uniformis Pascoe, 1881 (N = 63), Neochetina bruchi Hustache, 1926 (N = 45), Neohydronomus pulchellus Hustache, 1926 (N = 15), Neohydronomus affinis Hustache, 1926 (N = 10), A. squamosus (Hustache, 1926) (N = 5), Neochetina eichhorniae Warner, 1970 (N = 4), A. minimus O'Brien & Wibmer, 1989b (N = 1), and Tanysphiroideus sp. (N = 1) had lower abundances. In addition, the co-occurrences of A. breyeri, A. minimus, and A. squamosus on P. stratiotes were recorded for Brazil and the first records of A. minimus and A. squamosus were observed for the State of Amazonas.


Finding the right food to help reduce our chances of cancer can be a maze. But ongoing studies and a little inventive cooking mightpoint us in the right direction.


Based on extensive literature search,the identification,chemical composition and Clinical application of Croaker Ear-stone were reviewed,in order to provide basis information for its further development.


To utilize the complementary feature of different power sources, wind power plant (WPP), and solar photovoltaic power (PV), convention gas turbines (CGT) and incentive-based demand response (IBDR) are integrated into a multienergy complementary system (MECS) with the implementation of price-based demand response (PBDR). Firstly, the power output model of WPP, PV, and CGT is constructed and the mathematical model of DR is presented. Then, a multiobjective scheduling model is proposed for MECS operation under the objective functions of the maximum economic benefit, the minimum abandoned energy, and the minimum risk level. Thirdly, the payoff table of objective functions is put forward for converting the multiobjective model into a single objective model by using entropy weight method to calculate weighting coefficients of different objective functions. Finally, the improved IEEE 30 bus system is taken as the simulation system with four simulation scenarios for comparatively analyzing the influence of PBDR and IBDR on MECS operation. The simulation results show the following: (1) The MECS fully utilized the complementarity of different power sources; CGT and IBDR can provide peaking service for WPP and PV to optimize overall system operation. (2) The proposed algorithm can solve the MECS multiobjective scheduling optimization model, and the system scheduling results in the comprehensive optimal mode can take into account different appeal. And the total revenue, abandoned energy capacity, and load fluctuation are, respectively, 108009.30¥, 11.62 MW h, and 9.74 MW. (3) PBDR and IBDR have significant synergistic optimization effects, which can promote the grid connection of WPP and PV. When they are both introduced, the peak-to-valley ratio of the load curve is 1.19, and the abandoned energy is 5.85 MW h. Therefore, the proposed MECS scheduling model and solution algorithm could provide the decision basis for decision makers based on their actual situation.


Korea's urban environmental problems, specifically air and water pollution, government environmental policies, and the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in protecting the environment are described and discussed. Korea's rapid industrialization and urbanization between 1961 and 1985 led to an increased volume of waste and air pollution. Automobiles increased in number from 29,234 in 1961 to 1,113,430 in 1985. In the same period, the number of factories with at least five employees rose from 15,204 to 44,037. The volume of chemical materials and agricultural chemicals dramatically increased. Household wastes in urban areas increased from 26,831 tons per day in 1978 to 61,072 tons per day in 1985. Industrial waste rose from 13,130 to 33,349 tons per day in 1985. Respiratory diseases are precipitated by exposure to sulphur dioxide, which is produced during cooking and heating with coal briquets; to nitrogen dioxide from automobile exhaust; and to carbon monoxide from coal briquets. Indoor air pollution from particles such as radon, asbestos, cigarette smoke, fungus, and bacteria also impacts on health. Tolerance limits have been reached or surpassed in many cities, particularly in Seoul. Air pollution is worse during the winter. The poor are particularly affected because of the continued use of coal briquets for heating. Industry contributes to water pollution. The volume of industrial waste water quadrupled between 1980 and 1990. In Seoul, however, population size directly contributes to 64.3% of water pollution, and the remaining 35.2% is from factories. Although livestock contributes to only 0.5% of water pollution, livestock drainage contributes to 36.3% of chemical materials in polluted water. Biological oxygen demand has also exceeded tolerance limits. Water reservoirs contain toxic chemicals such as lead, copper, mercury, arsenic, phenol, phosphorus, and nitrogen, which take a longer time to affect health. The Anti-Pollution Law of 1963 and the Environmental Protection Law of 1977 were adopted, but public participation was problematic, and funding for assessment was limited. NGOs have been active in environmental programs since democratization in 1987.


Some of the outstanding challenges faced by traditional LCA include the following. LCA is mainly an "output side" method due to its focus on emissions and their impact, but such data are often difficult to find, particularly for emerging technologies. Furthermore, although an important goal of LCA is to evaluate the environmental sustainability of technological alternatives, the very ecosystem goods and services that sustain all economic activities are usually ignored. This paper describes how thermodynamics can complement and enhance LCA by addressing these challenges. Ecosystem goods and services may be represented as the cumulative exergy consumed in ecological processes necessary for producing them. This may be calculated via methods in systems ecology and combined with engineering thermodynamics for joint analysis of industrial and ecological systems. A thermodynamic input-output model of the US economy is developed based on this approach, and is used for hybrid LCA. Accounting for ecosystem goods and services is likely to provide a reasonable proxy to life cycle impact even without knowing details about emissions and their impact. This is because as per the second law, exergy is not conserved, but is lost in each transformation step. The exergy lost to the surroundings creates disorder in the environment, which should be related to the impact of emissions. This implies that among alternatives with similar utility, the process with a higher life cycle thermodynamic efficiency should have a smaller life cycle environmental impact. This talk will present some examples as preliminary support of this hypothesis and describe challenges and on-going work for obtaining a more rigorous statistical validation.


Cross-linguistic transfer studies began from linguistic aspects of language learning and moved to non-linguistic aspects. The intriguing question is whether students are aware of the nature of these cross-linguistic interactions in their minds. For this purpose, a semistructured interview was conducted with four Iranian university students. It was found that students' awareness of cross-linguistic transfer did not cover all aspects of crosslinguistic transfer equally, and students had no or very limited awareness of the nonlinguistic aspects of cross-linguistic transfer, the factors causing it, or the way to improve it. It is important to increase cross-linguistic awareness among language learners and help them to overcome the inhibitive influences of the existing languages to facilitate learning. It is recommended that in the Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context learners have a comprehensive view of cross-linguistic transfer in language learning and that teachers teach for transfer.


This position-paper accompanies the paper entitled "Recording techniques for capturing natural every-day speech", which is published in the LREC-2002 proceedings, and puts forward our current thinking for the recording and storage of large amounts of every-day conversational speech. There has been considerable discussion recently regarding the optimal choice of media for recording, and the problems of data compression. This paper reports the stance taken on these matters by the JST/CREST ESP Project. It should be read as an opinion-piece, rather than a report of scientific findings. .


The relationship between the liability structure of post-conflict microfinance institutions (MFIs) and social capital has been understudied. Post-conflict microfinance and economic development scholars have tended to underestimate the importance of the liability structure of microfinance institutions in the construction of post-conflict social capital, choosing to focus almost entirely on the trust, solidarity and financial dividends of the post-conflict microfinance organizations with barely any attempt at developing a conceptual framework that may reveal patterns which could improve current understanding about the relationship between the liability structure of a post-conflict microfinance institution and the social capital dividends that accrue to households that subscribe to microfinance interventions. At the same time, Conflict Analysis and Resolution scholars have tended to segment the study of social capital construction by divorcing the intervening roles of MFIs and their liability structures from households investment in microfinance-facilitated social capital, which apart from influencing the nature and sources of the post-conflict household interactions, are informed by and may inform the nature of social capital that a post-conflict household may create. A step towards filling in this gap, this study seeks to investigate whether the liability structure of a post-conflict MFI explains the social capital dividends that post-conflict microfinance clients derive in pursuit of microfinance services. Using a theoretically-based approach, this study will test for evidence about the effect(s) of the liability structure of a microfinance institution on the social capital dividends that accrue to post-conflict microfinance clients base on the responses from a sample of microfinance clients in Liberia to questions related to indicators of social capital: overall economic wellbeing; trust and solidarity; and empowerment and political actions.


A glove box vitrification system is being fabricated to process aqueous evaporator bottom waste generated at the Plutonium Facility (TA-55) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The system will be the first within the U.S. Department of Energy Complex to routinely convert Pu{sup 239}-bearing transuranic (TRU) waste to a glass matrix for eventual disposal at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Currently at LANL, this waste is solidified in Portland cement. Radionuclide loading in the cementation process is restricted by potential radiolytic degradation (expressed as a wattage limit), which has been imposed to prevent the accumulation of flammable concentrations of H{sub 2} within waste packages. Waste matrixes with a higher water content (e.g., cement) are assigned a lower permissible wattage limit to compensate for their potential higher generation of H{sub 2}. This significantly increases the number of waste packages that must be prepared and shipped, thus driving up the costs of waste handling and disposal. The glove box vitrification system that is under construction will address this limitation. Because the resultant glass matrix produced by the vitrification process is non-hydrogenous, no H{sub 2} can be radiolytically evolved, and drums could be loaded to the maximum allowable limit of 40 watts.more » In effect, the glass waste form shifts the limiting constraint for loading disposal drums from wattage to the criticality limit of 200 fissile gram equivalents, thus significantly reducing the number of drums generated from this waste stream. It is anticipated that the number of drums generated from treatment of evaporator bottoms will be reduced by a factor of 4 annually when the vitrification system is operational. The system is currently undergoing non-radioactive operability testing, and will be fully operational in the year 2003.« less


Intellectual property (IP) is a significant commercial potential in any industry. However, it is capable of generating profit for the company if it is effectively commercialized. The rocket and space industry has specific features that affect IP commercialization. The study aimed to examine and systematize the problems of IP commercialization at the enterprises of the rocket and space industry in Russia. For these purposes, the authors analyzed economic and legal literature, Russian legislation, summarized the results of surveys among employees of enterprises in the rocket and space industry, compared approaches to commercialization described in national and international sources. The results of the study made it possible to concretize the terms "intellectual property", "IP commercialization", to determine the stages of IP commercialization in the rocket and space industry, taking into account the specifics of enterprises, to group the problems of IP commercialization into three areas: economic, managerial and legal. In conclusion, the authors highlighted the predominance of the economic essence of intellectual property, the effectiveness of the functional approach in IP management, and the industrial method of IP commercialization as the most preferable according to the specifics of the rocket and space industry.


The electroplating industry is of great social concern because of its serious pollution caused by high energy consumption. The key to realizing the energy consumption and pollution reduction in electroplating is to promote the business to implement cleaner production actively. In this study, the research status of cleaner production of electroplating was analyzed. The study advance of technology and management in China and other countries was comprehensively introduced. The research could provide reference for the promotion and development of cleaner production in the field.


A package of tobacco-related products on the box (1), comprising: a cartridge body (2), said box body (2) comprises a front wall (10), a rear wall, two side walls opposite to each other (14), and the upper side. Cover (4) is set when in the closed state, the upper side for closing the box body (2). Cover (4) at the hinge line may be rotatably connected to the rear wall or one side wall box (2), and the cover (4) relative to the hinge line to transition from a closed state is rotated to open. Cover (4) includes an upper wall, said upper wall having a front edge, a rear edge, two side edges, and a bottom side, and the upper wall when the lid (4) in the closed state, is provided for closing upper side of the cartridge body (2). Oblique side wall (34, 36) with the edge of the upper wall opposite to the hinge line extending at least from the lid (4); when the cartridge cover (4) in the closed state, oblique walls (34, 36) inserted into the box body (2).


In this paper the design project of pure cotton stretch jacquard fabrie is introduced,including the design of fabric specifica- tions,processing flow and the design of major processing parameters.Also the technical difficulties in the development are summarized.


Multi-criteria scheduling optimization with genetic algorithms is described. Scheduling optimization methodology provides the planner with a quick and efficient scheduling method and enables him/her to experiment and decide which of the suitable solutions will become the production plan. The scheduling system is composed of a business information system - a database, a discrete event simulation model and a scheduling algorithm. The purpose of the integrated system is to help operative management personnel with production scheduling and planning. By comparing various scheduling methods, we established that the system utilizing genetic algorithms and simulation yielded from 5% to 15% better scheduling within a shorter time compared to manual scheduling.


Early school leaving (ESL) is a topic of utmost importance at both European and national level, with significant social and economic implications. Young people who leave school can face a lack of jobs, social exclusion, poverty and health problems. The reasons for such a decision are complex, being a twinning of personal, social, economic, educational and family factors. In the context of the effects of the 20072008 economic and financial crisis, coupled with a number of long-term challenges such as globalization, demographic decline and pressure on resource use, the European Council adopted on 17 June 2010, a 10-year program entitled the Europe 2020 strategy. This program aims to create the optimal conditions for each Member State of the European Union to develop and achieve a high level of employment, productivity and social cohesion. One of the objectives set in the Europe 2020 strategy in the field of education is to reduce the early school leaving rate below 10% in the EU and 11.3% in Romania. In this article I want to answer the following questions: How is ESL defined in Romania? What are the factors that impact it? What are the main groups at risk of early school leaving in Romania? How has the ESL rate evolved in Romania in the last 10 years and what should the government do to prevent and reduce this phenomenon?


Proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation is a rare          injury. Four types of proximal tibiofibular disruptions were found and they were classified as subluxation, anterolateral dislocation, posteromedial dislocation and superior               dislocation. Idiopathic dislocation of proximal end of fibula appeared to be a self-limited condition of youth with            decreasing symptoms as the patient approached skeletal maturity. Anterolateral dislocation was the most common injury encounter 85.Unfortunately the diagnosis was missed in about one third of cases. Most of the cases respond well by closed reduction. If chronic dislocation develops then            arthrodesis or resection of proximal end of fibula can be done surgically. Postero-medial dislocation is proved more unstable after initial reduction. Mechanism of injury in this type is           sudden internal rotation and plantar flexion of foot with          external rotation of leg and flexion of knee. This injury may be associated with transient peroneal nerve palsy. Early             diagnosis and management is the important factor in final outcome. All cases of lateral knee pain and history suggesting of proximal tibiofibular joint injury should raise clinical               suspicion. Plain radiograph of both knee used as first imaging modality. Computer tomography is indicated if there is        diagnostic uncertainty.


This invention is providing a method for efficient treatment of the waste material from a proceSS for production of acrylic acid and an acrylic ester. This is a method for the disposal of waste material, which at least one waste material Selected from the group consisting of Waste oil, waste water, and waste gas emitted from a proceSS for production of acrylic acid is/are purified with at least one waste material Selected from the group consisting of Waste oil, waste water, and waste gas emitted from a proceSS for production of an acrylic ester jointly. The efficiency of the treatment is enhanced by Simultaneously treating the waste material from an adjoining process for the productions each other.


The invention relates to a gas-liquid stirring and mixing device of a urea solution metering injection system, comprising a metering valve, a compressed air inlet, a mixing cavity and an injection outlet, wherein the metering valve injects a reducing agent; the mixing cavity is used for gas-liquid stirring and mixing; the compressed air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the mixing cavity and tangent to the inner wall of the mixing cavity; and the injection outlet is arranged at the bottom of the mixing cavity. The invention has ingenious design, ensures good uniformity of a stirred and mixed suspension and can effectively solve the problems of deposition and crystallization inside the mixing cavity.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of life event and coping style on left-behind middle school student mental health.

METHODS
1405 left-behind middle school students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and investigated with Middle School Student Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS), Multidimensional Life Events Rating Questionnaire for Middle School Students (MLERQ) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ).

RESULTS
The mental health detection rate of left-behind middle school students was 26.33%. Life event have significant influence on mental health (F = 447.624, P = 0.000). The main effect for negative coping style on mental health was significant (F = 263.669, P = 0.000). Positive coping style have effect on mental health but the main effect was not significant (F = 2.436, P = 0.119). The interaction effect of life event and negative coping style was significant (F = 23.173, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSION
Life event and coping style has a certain effect on left-behind middle school student mental health, but its mechanism is complicated and still uncertain.


To improve the quality of horizontal divergence and moisture analyses in the tropics, adiabatic initialization scheme is developed to incorporate information on convective activity and the proxy data of precipitation obtained rrom satellite radiome:ric imagery data. The tropical precipitation rates are estimated by rleveloping a relationship lletwe:en the pentad precipitation data of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project with da,;/y outgoing longwave radiation data. The tropical belt from 35C S to 250 N (for January 1988) is divicjed into 3 parts: convective, convective fringe, and downward-motion (clear-air) areas. In the (;onvective region, the algorithm adjusts the horizontal divergence and humidity fields :iuch that a version of the Kuo cumulus parameterization will yield the precipitation rates clo:;est to the proxy data. The temperature in the planetary boundary layer is also adjusted, if rn:cess:iry, to ensure the initiation of cumulus convection. In the downward-motion region. the di11ergence field is adjusted to yield descending motion expected from the thermodynamic balance: bet'ween radiative cooling and adiabatic warming. In the convective fringe region, where convective criteria are not met, the divergence field is adjusted only to satisfy the global conservation of divergence. The humidity field is left intact in both the downward-motion and convective frinige regions. This adjustment scheme will ameliorate problems associated with spinup of pret:ipitation in a numerical prediction model with the same cumulus parameterization as used in the initialization. This initialization scheme may be used as a method of quality control for first-gue!is fields in four-dimensional data assimilation by means of satellite radiometric imagery data.


Article deals with a problem of teachers professional health formation. Psycho-pedagogical preconditions of the development of professional health in professional training system are highlighted. Special attention is given to consideration of preconditions of future teachers professional health formation


For over a century, peptic ulcer has been one of the most common gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder. There are number of drugs are now available for treatment. Drugs of herbal origin reduce the offensive factors and have proved to be safe, clinically effective, relatively less expensive, globally competitive, and with better patient tolerance.This study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer activity on different parts of B.aristata. Apart from that, acute toxicity, qualitative chemical analysis, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. The potentially active plant part was selected for screening as gastro protective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats.The 50% ethanolic extract of B. aristata were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of TFC and TPC. The crude extract from the leaves of B. aristata gave best antiulcer activity among flower and stem. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of the crude extract of B. aristata leaves did not reveal any adverse effects or toxicity in rats at fourteen days observations.The results of these studies have shown that ethylexract of B.aristata leaf (EEBAL) produced a significant dose dependent ulcerprotective, antioxidant and antisecretory activity by blocking the activity of proton pump, protecting from antioxidants produced during stress induced ulcer and by enhancing glycoprotein levels. Abbreviation: TPC, total phenolic content; TFC, total flavonoid content; EEBAL, ethanolic extract of Berberis aristata leaf. Introduction: Peptic ulcer represents a major health problem, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The aggressive acid-pepsin factors are responsible for the induction of ulcers. Berberis aristata DC var. aristata (Berberidaceae), are commonly known as Daruharidralocal to the Himalayas in India and in Nepal. It is also found in Nilgiri slopes in South India 1,2,3 .The plant is utilized customarily in irritation, wound mending, skin ailment, menorrhagia, looseness of the bowels, jaundice and fondness of eyes.Alcoholic extract of bark yielded berberine chloride, palmatine chloride and a mixture of both 4 . The chief constituent of the roots and stem bark of B. aristata is an alkaloid, berberine are responsible for hepatoprotective activity 5 . The crude extract of B.aristata fruits exhibit preventive and curative effects on paracetamol and chloroform induced hepatotoxicity 6 .Berberisaristata also exhibits anti-diarrhoeal, anti-fungal, anti-histaminic an anticholinergic activities 4 . Ratnaker Singh et al /International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2020,13(1): 01-05. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/IJPTR.2019.130101 International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF, ISSN: 0974-4304, ISSN(Online): 2455-9563 Vol.13, No.01, pp 01-05, 2020 Ratnaker Singh et al /International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2020,13(1): 01-05. 2 Material and Methods


According to the criminal procedure law adopted in 1979, public security organization is the only organization to decide and carry out the detention right, and prosecutorial office has nothing to do with it. In the criminal procedure law amended in 1996, though the right of making detention decisions is endowed to prosecutorial organization, the enforcement power is not endowed. So the situations of practice make this regulation of criminal procedure law in a dilemma.


High dynamic range (HDR) allows us to capture an enormous range of luminance values within a still image or a sequence of video frames. But many consumers will not have the necessary displays to experience this in the near future. To allow these 'legacy' users to benefit, an adaptation using global tone mapping would be a possible solution. But the results tend to suffer from low subjective contrast and can product large-area flicker. To overcome these drawbacks, three enhancement steps are proposed. They are based on certain broadcast requirements as well as on viewer preferences, which were surveyed at the beginning of this study. The basic idea is to analyse each luminance value for its relevance in the image and discard unimportant ones. This 'virtual aperture' will be processed across the whole image and on image sections. Finally the tone mapping result will be composed with the chrominance values by using a modified IPT colour space.


a Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands b Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481,Grafenau, Germany. The increasing number of sever bark beetle outbreaks in coniferous forests of Europe over the last few decades has led to extensive economic losses to the forest industry. Beside the economic losses, the outbreak of bark beetle has resulted in significant ecological changes, regarding forest structure and composition, wildlife habitats, and it has also caused the degradation of the large areas of the forests. Therefore, this lead to an increase research interest to understand the dynamics and to improve management of (Ips typographus, L.) outbreaks. Early detection of infestation (the so-called "green attack") is important to a forester who want to minimise economic loss and preclude a mass outbreak due to this threat. The green attack is the initial stage of bark beetle infestation when the leaves remain green and do not change colour, so this stage is not detectable by human eye.Traditionally, foresters perform field surveys to identify the infested trees; such surveys are very laborious, costly and therefore cannot apply to large areas. Remote sensing has the potential to detect pest infestations over large areas and in relatively short periods of time. Exploiting remotely sensed data allows monitoring the changes in leaf and canopy properties before and after insect infestation. Until now, the utilisation of remote sensing for the monitoring and detection of bark beetles by forest manager has mainly focused on the last two attack stages and has achieved a high degree of accuracy (i.e. the redand grey attack) where changes in canopy colour have been used as an indicator to detect infestations. However, detecting the last two stages of bark beetle attack are not sufficient for an appropriate management of infested trees, as during the red attack stage the beetles have already left their host trees and started to attack new trees. Therefore, manging the beetle outbreak during these two stages will have no effect in preventing outbreaks. To give value for forest management, the detection of infestation should be early enough to allow timely intervention and minimise the future outbreak.


Wintertime temperature profiles in the Grand Canyon exhibit a neutral to isothermal stratification during both daytime and nighttime, with only rare instances of actual temperature inversions. The canyon warms during daytime and cools during nighttime more or less uniformly through the canyon's entire depth. This weak stability and temperature structure evolution differ from other Rocky Mountain valleys, which develop strong nocturnal inversions and exhibit convective and stable boundary layers that grow upward from the valley floor. Mechanisms that may be responsible for the different behavior of the Grand Canyon are discussed, including the possibility that the canyon atmosphere is frequently mixed to near-neutral stratification when cold air drains into the top of the canyon from the nearby snow-covered Kaibab Plateau. Another feature of canyon temperature profiles is the sharp inversions that often form near the canyon rims. These are generally produced when warm air is advected over the canyon in advance of passing synoptic-scale ridges. Wintertime winds in the main canyon are not classical diurnal along-valley wind systems. Rather, they are driven along the canyon axis by the horizontal synoptic-scale pressure gradient that is superimposed along the canyon's axis by passing synoptic-scale weather disturbances. They may thus bring winds into the canyon from either end at any time of day. The implications of the observed canyon boundary layer structure for air pollution dispersion are discussed.


The Apocalypse says very little about the ministerial leadership of the 7 churches of Asia to which it is directed, and it contains instead numerous references to prophecy, prophets and prophetic spirit: the terminology of the prophecy and that of the pneuma recur 21 and 25 times, respectively, in the book of John of Patmos. Along with the Corinthian community of 1 Cor 12-14, the seven Asian churches are therefore important for everyone who wants to have an idea of early Christian prophecy. After all, the book of John is the only one of the NT that is entirely prophetic. But, while Paul had to oppose those whom he calls super-aposites, John of Patmos had difficult relationships with the brother-prophets (22,9) and especially with the prophetess Jezebel, active in the church of Thyatira (2,20). For all this, he is confronted with the problem of legitimation. A problem that has no answer: the prophet is certainly sent, but he does not dispose of any dicisive proof. Thus, it becomes clear why John insists so much on the divine origin of his visions and it is not surprising that he himself canonizes his own book with the rule of Not to add nor to take away (22, 18-19).


The vacuum polarization effect of the electron-positron field is calculated using a charged bosonfield polarization effect. The complicated interaction Hamiltonian for the boson did not complicate the procedure due to the choice of a simple external field. This method is similar to the method of Euwema and Wheeler. The convergence factor introduced in the Euwema and Wheeler method was found unnecessary by renormalizing the complex dielectric constant as a whole and not just its real component. (C.J.G.)


In this paper the enduring research themes which shape the sociology of work in South Africa, as well as new themes of recent scholarship in the sociology of work, are identified. The institutional context through which teaching and research into work is conducted is then described. It is suggested that a tension exists between an emphasis by management on efficiency in the workplace, with the growing political demand for greater equity in the workplace to redress the legacy of apartheid. In this context the sociological study of work is emerging as an arena of sharp intellectual and ideological contestation over the impact of globalisation on the world of work.


For many writing faculty, electronic or digital literacies may not play an overtly significant role in their course designs and teaching practices, but these literacies still play a significant role in how students write. Whether or not writing teachers want to accept it, functional computer literacies are an important aspect of teaching writing. In order to test how well acquainted writing instructors were with these literacies, two informal surveys were conducted on writing instructors knowledge of computer peripherals and security. These surveys found that writing instructors may need to reconsider the role of functional literacies in their classrooms.


This is the first of two volumes of the proceedings from the 30th International Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg, August 2007. In addition to several new contributions to Wittgenstein research (by N Garver, M Kross, St Majetschak, K Neumer, V Rodych, L M Valdes-Villanueva), this volume contains articles with a special focus on digital Wittgenstein research and Wittgenstein's role for the understanding of the digital turn (by L Bazzocchi, A Biletzki, J de Mul, P Keicher, D Kohler, K Mayr, D G Stern), as well as discussions - not necessarily from a Wittgensteinian perspective - about issues in the philosophy of information, including computational ontologies (by D Apollon, G Chaitin, F Dretske, L Floridi, Y Okamoto, M Pasin and E Motta).


The specific coronary hemodynamic effects of different vasoactive drugs were studied using a randomized, double-blind protocol in the "normal" contralateral artery after performing single-vessel coronary angioplasty. The intracoronary administration of 50 μg of nisoldipine resulted in an increase in epicardial diameter (+ 19%; p = 0.0001) and in coronary blood flow ( + 47%; p = 0.003), but the flow reserve decreased (-20%; p = 0.001). In placebo-treated patients, all parameters proved to be very stable and no significant changes were found. In a second study, 500 μg of diltiazem i.e. was administered to 20 patients, who were first randomized to pre-treatment with either placebo (n = 10) or isosorbide di-nitrate (0.5 u-g/kg/min infusion; n = 10). There were increases in epicardial diameter (+ 10%; p = 0.0001) and coronary flow ( + 30%; p = 0.0001) in all patients. These changes were comparable in patients pretreated with placebo or nitrates but the reduction in coronary flow reserve was only significant in patients pretreated with placebo (+ 19%; p = 0.0008). In a third study, the hemodynamic effects of the intracoronary application of SIN-1 (500 u.g), the active metabolite of molsidomine, were studied. There was a consistent increase in epicardial diameter ( + 26%; p < 0.0001) but the response at the microvascular level was heterogeneous and characterized by a trend to increased blood flow ( + 25%; p = 0.11) and decreased coronary vascular resistance (- 18%; p = 0.09). In conclusion, (a) in the dose used, all three drugs increased epicardial diameter: SIN-1 < nisoldipine < diltiazem; (b) both calcium antagonists, but not SIN-1, dilated the resistance vessels; (c) both calcium antagonists decreased the coronary flow reserve but, after diltiazem, this effect was inhibited by pretreatment with nitrates; and (d) all coronary hemodynamic effects were observed in the absence of changes in the heart rate or blood pressure.


The debated issue is a very useful one taking into account the significant efforts for the implementation of the management system of quality, an essential condition for the fulfillment of the mission, goal and objectives of each and every university. The paper may, thus, stand for a starting point in obtaining the necessary information for the design of a future policy and development strategy of the university.


The subject of the study is the socio-cultural determinants of the genesis and functioning of the running clubs of the USSR in the period 1968-1991. The objectives of the work: to determine the prerequisites for the emergence of the running club movement in the USSR; to reveal the essential features of the club as initiative clubs for the self-organization of amateur runners; to identify the external and internal functions of running clubs. The source base of the research was both scientific publications and the memoirs of the organizers and the first participants in the activities of the KLB in the USSR presented on the Internet. The methodological basis of the work is a philosophically oriented socio-cultural approach, within the framework of which the study of complex social and cultural relations in the area of origin, functioning and influence on Soviet society of the activities of running clubs, as well as the methodological technique of constructing a genetic "ideal type" by M. Weber is carried out. The main prerequisites for the emergence of the KLB are seen in the traditions of leisure running practices of pre-revolutionary Russia; the Soviet TRP complex; the development of physical culture and sports public organizations; problems generated by the NTR; the impact of Western running culture. From the perspective of determining the essential features, KLBS are considered as initiative leisure clubs focused on ensuring the maximum efficiency of using running to achieve the therapeutic, healing and personality-building goals of their participants. The mission of the KLB was the improvement of man and society through running practices, the assertion on their basis of enduring humanistic values: health, kalokagatiya, social activity, self-development. The innovation of the KLB in the functional aspect was the development of super marathon running in the USSR, the mass involvement of women in running activity, the development of methods of recreational running for various groups of the population, the cultivation of veteran running amateur sports, the unification of running and artistic practices in the framework of entertainment events.


This is a book I'd like to recommend to anyone wishing to commemorate the fi ftieth anniversary of the tumultuous revolts taking place globally around the year 1968. Although presenting itself as a history of Japanese radicalism and counterculture from 1945 to Fukushima, its prime focus is on the 1960s and 1970s, the heyday of the New Left radicalism and counterculture. As many as 10 out of the book's 14 chapters (not counting the introduction and conclusion) are devoted to these decades. Furthermore, it's with an obvious sense of fascination that it describes the actions and the counterculture of this time. Williams's aim is to debunk the common Nihonjinron stereotype of Japan as characterized by harmony and deference to order. He reaches this aim admirably. The stereotype in question was hardly true even in the 1980s, a decade of self-congratulatory conservative triumphalism, but it was blatantly untrue during preceding decades, when the country was rocked by protests. Today, as we are getting used to mass protests gathering in Kasumigaseki and Nagata-chō, it may well be time to dust off our knowledge of the little-known history of Japanese radicalism and counterculture, and here Williams's book will come in handy. The reader should be warned that this is not a theoretical book. It doesn't contain much explicit engagement with previous research, except discreetly in the footnotes. Furthermore, the book is not a history of social movements per se, but only about "ideas and movements that challenged the social fabric in radical and extreme ways" (p. 4). Such radicalism existed on both the left and the right. Large parts of the book in fact deal with far-right extremism, and the resulting juxtaposition of left and right radical activism works well to bring out the interaction between them. Tracing this interaction between adversaries is not all that common in social movement studies and the fact that Williams has chosen to do so should be lauded. Another laudable effect of this juxtaposition is that it puts the ghastly image of leftist "terrorism" in perspective. As Williams shows, rightist acts of extremism were in fact as deadly and numerous as those of the Left. The book proceeds narratively and chronologically to tell us the story of radicalism beginning with iconic events during the early postwar period such as the 1946 Shibuya incident or the 1952 Bloody May Day and early anti-U.S. military base protests. We get an extensive treatment of the Anpo


The cane and beet sugar refining process is mainly focused on removing coloured compounds which alter the quality of the final product. Traditionally, the refining process includes affination which removes 35-55 % of coloured impurities, carbonatation or phosphatation which eliminates 40-60% of the remaining colour, and decolourisation by active carbon, bone char or ion exchange to complete the process. The ion exchange resin process is currently considered as one of the most efficient sugar liquor decolourisers. High molecular weight sugar liquor colourants such as melanines, melanoidines, caramels, and polyphenols can be adsorbed onto the resins. Regeneration of the resin is by desorption with alkaline solution. In the current experiments, sugar cane bagasse, waxy starch and wheat straw were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin in presence of NaOH, NH4OH or imidazole. The resultant waterinsoluble products were characterized by anion-exchange capacity, packed volume, and colour-binding properties. The rate of decolourisation was measured by the conventional ICUMSA method: The sample was diluted to 5 brix, adjusted to pH 7.0 and filtered. The optical density was measured at 420 nm using a spectrophotometer. Yields were highest using 2.5-3:1 epichlorohydrin to NH4OH molar ratio, producing weak anion exchangers with moderate dye-binding capacities in all cases. A 2.5:1 epichlorohydrin to imidazole molar ratio proved best for enhanced anion exchange capacities especially for bagasse and waxy starch combination. The dye-binding capacities were comparable to the commercial synthetic ion exchange resin such as LEWATIT S 6328 A.


The invention relates to a mobile electric energy efficiency testing method and system. The method comprises the following steps: (1) connecting an energy efficiency testing device to to-be-tested power equipment, (2) collecting energy efficiency data, (3) sending the collected efficiency data to a vehicle-mounted master station platform, (4) processing the received energy efficiency data with professional energy efficiency model analysis software, and (5) presenting processing results and printing an analysis report on site. The mobile electric energy efficiency testing system comprises a modified vehicle, the vehicle-mounted master station platform and the energy efficiency testing device, wherein the vehicle-mounted master station platform is arranged inside the modified vehicle, and the energy efficiency testing device is communicated with the vehicle-mounted master station platform in a wireless mode. The mobile electric energy efficiency testing system and relevant testing and analyzing method are applied to help technicians who test the energy efficiency to test the operation state data and energy efficiency data of the power equipment of an energy consumption unit comprehensively. An on-site collecting server is adopted to record the tested equipment information, state information and energy efficiency data information, and thus deep analysis of the data is benefited.


Sulfasalazine has been first-line therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis and for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis since it was introduced more than 50 years ago. It is clearly effective [1-5] but is associated with an appreciable incidence of dose-related side effects and a spectrum of serious idiosyncratic reactions [6, 7]. Sulfasalazine is a pro-drug comprising mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) and sulfapyridine joined by an azo bond. The oral use of free mesalamine, the principal active moiety of the drug [8-10], is compromised by the instability of mesalamine in the acid environment of the stomach and by the absorption of it in the proximal small intestine [11]. Azo-bond linkage with the carrier molecule sulfapyridine enables mesalamine to reach the colon, where bacterial enzymes split the azo bond, liberating the two components [12]. The sulfapyridine moiety of sulfasalazine is an effective carrier molecule for mesalamine, but it is considered to be responsible for most cases of intolerance to sulfasalazine [13]. Consequently, research has been directed toward developing a mesalamine formulation that would successfully deliver mesalamine to the colon without toxic effects [14]. One oral mesalamine formulation (Asacol, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Cincinnati, Ohio) consists of a core of 400 mg of mesalamine (the same amount contained in 1 g of sulfasalazine) enveloped by a pH-sensitive polymer coating. This coating protects mesalamine from premature absorption in the small intestine and thus enables therapeutic quantities of mesalamine to reach the colon. This coated mesalamine formulation has been shown to be effective in the treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis [15, 16] and to be well tolerated by patients who had previously had adverse reactions to sulfasalazine [17, 18]. In addition, three randomized, double-blind studies have shown that this formulation is as effective as sulfasalazine in maintaining remission in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis [19-21]. In one study, Dew and colleagues [19] showed that mesalamine at an average dosage of 1.4 g/d was similar to sulfasalazine at an average dosage of 2.4 g/d in maintaining remission for 16 weeks in 72 patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. In a later study [20], these authors showed that a higher dosage of mesalamine (2.7 g/d) did not differ from sulfasalazine at an average dosage of 2.3 g/d in maintaining remission for 24 weeks in 67 patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Riley and coworkers [21] compared this same oral mesalamine formulation with sulfasalazine in 100 patients who had ulcerative colitis in remission: The most common dosage of oral mesalamine was 0.8 g/d, and the most common dosage of sulfasalazine was 2.0 g/d. Again, no statistically significant difference was found between the two treatment groups with respect to the proportion of patients who had had relapse by 48 weeks. The results of these three studies suggest that this oral mesalamine formulation is as effective as sulfasalazine as maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. However, these studies share the following methodologic flaws: Different dosages were used, but the studies do not indicate the relative efficacy of different dosages of mesalamine; and no placebo controls were used to aid in the interpretation of the remission rates achieved or to provide reassurance that the patients recruited actually needed drug therapy to maintain remission. To further evaluate this pH-sensitive oral mesalamine formulation, we conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of mesalamine, 0.8 g/d and 1.6 g/d, with those of placebo in maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. A sulfasalazine arm was not included in order to reduce the sample size required for the study. Methods The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of each study site, and each patient gave written, informed consent before study entry. Patients We recruited patients from 17 study sites: 8 private practices, 5 university-based medical centers, and 4 hospitals or clinics. Recruiting was done using print and radio advertising, posters, and announcement letters to referring physicians and local support groups. Each patient enrolled in the trial was between 18 and 75 years of age and had a documented diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. At the time the study began, all patients had been in remission for at least 1 month as indicated by the endoscopic appearance of the bowel and by the passage of five or fewer bloodless stools per day. To qualify for study entry, patients were required to have a score of 0 on the proctosigmoidoscopic grading scale described below (see Evaluation Methods). The presence of colitis symptoms, such as loose stools or abdominal cramps, was not a reason for exclusion from the study, provided that endoscopic examination showed remission of disease. All patients had been treated previously with 2.0 to 4.0 g of sulfasalazine per day or 0.8 to 1.6 g of any oral mesalamine product per day; the dosage of these drugs had been constant for at least 1 month before study entry. No patient had received corticosteroid or topical rectal therapy within 1 month of study entry. Female patients with child-bearing potential were required to practice a reliable method of birth control throughout the study, and women who were pregnant or nursing were excluded from the study. Patients with a history of allergy or intolerance to aspirin or salicylates were also excluded, as were patients with a history of extensive bowel resection causing the short-bowel syndrome and patients with laboratory evidence of renal or hepatic dysfunction. Throughout the study, patients were not allowed to use corticosteroids (except topically for dermatologic reasons), sulfasalazine, antibiotics for more than 10 consecutive days, topical rectal therapies, or investigational drugs other than mesalamine. Study Design In this multicenter, double-blind study, 264 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatment regimens: placebo, 0.8 g of oral mesalamine per day, or 1.6 g of oral mesalamine per day. Randomization was done within centers by means of randomization codes using specific patient numbers generated for each study site before the study began. Each patient number was randomly distributed by computer to one of the three treatment groups. Patients were not stratified according to any clinical characteristic, such as disease location or previous treatment. Patients were seen at baseline and at months 1, 3, and 6 of treatment. They were also seen at any time during the study if they felt that their disease was worsening or that they were having an adverse event. At baseline, each patient had a screening at which medical history was recorded and physical examination, proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, laboratory analyses, and pregnancy testing were done. At each follow-up visit, physical examination, proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, laboratory analyses, and pregnancy testing were done. Throughout the study, patients maintained a daily diary in which they recorded their study medication dosing, their symptoms, and their concomitant medication dosing. Study Drug The mesalamine used in our study (Asacol) was supplied in tablets that consisted of a 400-mg mesalamine core enveloped by a pH-sensitive acrylic polymer coating (Eudragit-S, Rohm Pharma GmbH, Weiterstadt, West Germany). Because the pH-sensitive resin breaks down only at a pH of 7 or more, the coating remains intact until the tablet reaches the terminal ileum, where the pH is consistently higher than 7. Radiologic studies have shown that barium-containing capsules coated with this resin break down in the terminal ileum and colon [22, 23]; thus, this resin makes it possible to provide topical application of mesalamine directly to these areas [22]. The placebo tablets were identical to the mesalamine tablets in odor and appearance but contained no active ingredients. Placebo was administered as four tablets daily. Mesalamine, 0.8 g/d, was administered as two active and two placebo tablets daily, and mesalamine, 1.6 g/d, was administered as four active tablets daily. Tablets were packaged in four bottles, each of which was labeled with the time of day at which patients were to take the tablets in that bottle. All patients took one tablet at breakfast, one at lunch, one at dinner, and one at bedtime. Patients in the mesalamine, 0.8 g/d group took the active tablets at breakfast and at bedtime. The study treatment period was scheduled to last 6 months. Compliance was monitored by tablet count and by review of patient diaries at each study visit. Noncompliance was defined as missing more than 15% of the study medication over the duration of treatment or more than 50% of the study medication for 4 consecutive days (for reasons other than intolerance). Evaluation Methods All patients were evaluated using proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy at baseline and at each visit. Findings were graded according to the following scale: 0 (normal or mild granularity, edema, hyperemia, or erythema; mildly diminished vascular markings); 1 (mild granularity, edema, hyperemia, or erythema; mildly diminished vascular markings plus friability); 2 (marked erythema or granularity; no vascular markings; bleeding with minimal trauma; no ulcerations); and 3 (spontaneous bleeding; ulcerations). A score of 0 was required for study entry. If a patient was noted at baseline to have a score of 0 with mild granularity, edema, hyperemia, or erythema or mildly diminished vascular markings, the investigator specifically commented on these factors and clearly stated that the patient was considered to be in endoscopic remission. The investigators agreed that these findings could be present in patients with longstanding ulcerative c


Long-term natural gas contracts are necessary market instruments that provide supply security for customers and demand security for producers. Nevertheless, the European Commission recently announced a plan to ban long-term contracts for unabated fossil gas after 2049. This study shows that this plan may destabilize the market due to the lack of supply security for customers and demand security for producers. We find the following main results.


In this paper, measurement and simulation results for modeling of wave propagation in an indoor environment are presented. Complex wideband frequency responses centered at frequency 3.6 GHz have been measured and approximation to the impulse response of the channel is obtained from the Inverse Fourier Transform of the frequency response. Narrowband measurements were conducted at 3.3, 3.6 and 3.9 GHz to compute the Path Loss Law. All the experiments were performed in a triple-storied office building. A ray tracing technique has been used to simulate the wave propagation in the building. Ray tubes have been used to model the wave propagation and all the reflected and transmitted ray tubes from interfaces have been included. A program has been developed in MATLAB that can be used to simulate wave propagation in large 3D buildings. Simulation results have been verified by comparing them with measured data.


This paper presents a simple analytical path loss model for cellular communication system in urban environment. Rectangular shaped blocks with equalheight are used to modelthe buildings, and multiple diffractions over building rooftops are assumed to be the dominant propagation paths. A closed form expression is derived to calculate the total received field. To further simplify this expression, we assume that the center-to-center spacing of two neighboring buildings is constant, and all buildings are of uniform width. A simple path loss model is thus obtained. Good agreement between our theoretical results with measurements and models reported shows the validity and applicability of our model for such communication application.


Background: To date, stress injury of the proximal ulna has been infrequently reported as a cause of elbow pain in the throwing athlete. Purpose: We describe a syndrome of osseous stress injury of the proximal ulna in the professional throwing athlete. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: We evaluated the clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of seven professional baseball players with osseous stress injury of the proximal ulna. Results: Plain radiographs of the involved elbows failed to demonstrate any significant findings. All of the clinically significant lesions were detected with magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging was found to be of value in following the course of healing of the injuries. All of the lesions originated on the posteromedial aspect of the proximal ulna. The ulnar collateral ligament was intact in all seven athletes. One athlete had two occurrences of this injury. Six of the seven athletes returned to their previous level of play after a nonoperative course of treatment. Conclusions: We believe that this injury should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elbow pain in the throwing athlete. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic test of choice when this injury is suspected.


A single-step synthesis of 1-adamantylmethyl α- and β-glycosides starting from commercially available peracetylated monosaccharides is reported. The α- and β-glucopyranosides 1a and 1b bind to β-cyclodextrin with association constants in the order of 105M−1, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The carbohydrate moiety contributes to the binding depending on the pyranose stereochemistry. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)


In this paper, an advanced experimental set-up is presented for studying the monodirectional grout injection process in sand matrices. The prototype presented is based on the use of sand pluviation for the reconstitution of vertical sand columns (80 mm in diameter and 104 cm in height), which makes it possible to obtain, within the whole column, a good homogeneity of the sand at a controlled preselected state of density. Also, the pore fluid pressure is measured at five equidistant points on the columns, which provides useful information on the injection process. The procedure used to perform a test is described in detail, and the result of a typical test carried out on a medium-size silica sand with a cement-bentonite grout is presented, showing the importance of the filtration mechanism with progressive plugging of the sand matrix for the injection process and for the mechanical properties of the grouted material. Finally, some comments are made on the influence of grain size distribution curve on the i...


On the basis of evaluating clinical material and monitoring of 153 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis, the unique course of toxoplasmic uveitis under present-day conditions are discussed. The main clinical forms, possible complications, relapsing course features of this eye disease are presented. Systemic immunity features promoting deepening of existing ideas of the immunologic aspects of the disease pathogenesis are studied.


The am ounts of free, conjugated (hydroxycinnamic acid amides) and insoluble (poly)amines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) as well as hydroxycinnamic acid esters (quinic acid esters) were determined during development of male inflorescences of Corylus avellana L. The location of these compounds either in sporophytic or gametophytic tissues and the possible correlation of their accumulation with exine formation are discussed.


A recent study suggests that the protective effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use against ovarian cancer extends to women who inherit a faulty gene that places them at risk for this cancer. An estimated 10% of ovarian cancers are attributed to a genetic mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Researchers at centers in Canada, Sweden, Norway, Italy, England, and the US, compared OC use in 207 women with the inherited form of ovarian cancer and 161 of their sisters, some of whom also had the genetic mutation. Women who had used OCs at any time in the past had an overall 50% lower risk of ovarian cancer; this risk was reduced by 60% if OC use exceeded 6 years. A combined regimen of OC use and prophylactic oophorectomy may be indicated in women with a genetic predisposition to ovarian cancer. The effects of OC use by women with BRCA mutations on breast cancer risk are under investigation.


BACKGROUND
The cost of current standard ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is among the major obstacles to scaling up community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), an important child survival strategy. Identifying a cheaper alternative is a global public health priority.

OBJECTIVE
We sought to compare the efficacy of soya-maize-sorghum RUTF (SMS-RUTF) with that of standard peanut paste-based RUTF (P-RUTF).

DESIGN
We used a nonblinded, parallel-group, simple randomized controlled trial along with a day care approach that enrolled 2 groups of children aged 6-23 and 24-59 mo, respectively, with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).

RESULTS
Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses showed noninferiority of SMS-RUTF compared with P-RUTF for the recovery rate [ITT: Δ = -2.0% (95% CI: -7.6%, 3.6%); PP: -1.9% (95% CI: -5.3%, 1.4%)], weight gain [Δ = -0.7 g · kg(-1)· d(-1)(95% CI: -1.3, 0.0 g · kg(-1)· d(-1))], and length of stay [Δ = 2.0 d (95% CI: -1.7, 5.8 d)] in children ≥24 mo of age. In children ≤23 mo of age, the recovery rate of SMS-RUTF was inferior to that of P-RUTF [ITT: Δ = -20.8% (95% CI: -29.9%, -11.7%); PP: -17.2% (95% CI: -25.6%, -8.7%)]. Treatment with SMS-RUTF resulted in a greater increase in hemoglobin [0.670 g/dL (95% CI: 0.420, 0.921 g/dL);P< 0.001]. Treatment with both RUTFs resulted in the replenishment of all of the amino acids tested except for methionine. There were no differences at discharge between RUTF groups in fat mass [Δ = 0.3 kg (95% CI: -0.6, 1.6 kg);P= 0.341] or fat mass index [Δ = 0.4 kg/m(2)(95% CI: -0.3, 1.1 kg/m(2));P= 0.262]. By contrast, comparisons of fat-free mass indicated lower concentrations than the community controls after treatment with either of the 2 RUTFs [Δ = -1.3 kg (95% CI: -2.4, -0.1 kg) andP= 0.034 for comparison between community controls and the SMS-RUTF group; Δ = -1.8 kg (95% CI: -2.9, -0.6 kg) andP= 0.003 for comparison between community controls and the P-RUTF group].

CONCLUSION
SMS-RUTF can be used to treat SAM in children aged ≥24 mo to reduce the costs of CMAM programs. More research is required to optimize SMS-RUTF for younger children. This trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry as PACTR201303000475166.


This report provides an analysis of Cape Town's residential property market in terms of its size and value, activity, and performance. Market size, value and activity are status quo analyses, setting out the shape and dynamics of Cape Town's property market. Market performance then considers these dynamics against specific performance objectives. Following this introduction, Section two provides the analytical framework for looking the market. It considers the role of the housing asset, how property market filtering happens, and how the housing market can be segmented to develop appropriate responses that are relevant to all of the City's residents. In section three, the size and value of Cape Town's residential property market is set out, together with an analysis of current activity in terms of supply of new housing, the resale market, lending and house prices. Section four then considers the actual performance of Cape Town's property market and whether it is responding to the City's goals for affordable and accessible housing, economic transformation and inclusive growth, and sustainable human settlements. The report then considers how responsive the market is to the demand pressures that exist and looks in some detail at performance in the Voortrekker Corridor and the Metro South-East Integration Zone. In section five, Cape Town's property market is compared with those in the other major metros in South Africa. Section six concludes with considerations towards the realization of an inclusive residential property market in the city. The methodology for the analysis is summarized in section seven.


Maize has been cultivated and continues to be cultivated for its usability in calorie supply to humans and livestock. There has been great interest in pigmented landrace maize varieties (PLMVs) due to their importance in the pharmaceutical industry. Landraces are to a large extent a repository of the gene pool that enriches biodiversity and maintains but also stabilizes the ecosystem in a sustainable way. PLMVs are still being cultivated by smallholder farmers in smaller portions of their fields and home surroundings despite the high adoption of white hybrid maize. This study examined the ash, moisture, mineral, crude protein, fat, and carbohydrate content of three different PLMVs from central (Ntcheu and Dedza districts) and northern (Mzimba district) Malawi. The mineral content of soils from fields where PLMVs were grown was also analyzed. The study areas experience a warm temperate climate and higher rainfall in summer than in winter but they differ in that Ntcheu has the highest average annual temperature of 20.3°C while Dedza receives the highest annual precipitation of about 1010 mm. Mzimba's average annual temperature and precipitation are 20.1°C and 915 mm, respectively. The study showed that orange maize from Dedza had a significantly higher content of calcium (71.00 ± 0.58 mg·kg−1), magnesium (819.00 ± 0.58 mg·kg−1), and phosphorus (2720.35 ± 0.03 mg·kg−1). Significantly higher contents of zinc (54.61 ± 0.43 mg·kg−1) and potassium (808.58 ± 0.27 mg·kg−1) were observed in purple maize from Dedza and Ntcheu, respectively. Red maize from Dedza had a significantly higher content of iron (59.80 ± 0.26 mg·kg−1). Purple maize from Dedza has significantly higher carbohydrate content (65.52 ± 0.07%). The findings also revealed that red maize from Dedza provenance had a high content of crude protein (12.57 ± 0.07%) and fat (10.73 ± 0.14%). Moisture (17.30 ± 0.21%) and ash (2.28 ± 0.02%) were significantly higher in orange maize from Dedza. Dedza's provenance revealed a high content of the analyzed attributes in PLMVs. Mineral analysis showed different levels of mineral bioavailability in different PLMVs and in the soils where maize was grown. It can, therefore, be concluded that production location and maize variety have an influence on the attributes of PLMVs. Understanding the physicochemical attributes of PLMVs and its maximum utilization have the potential of improving food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan African countries and globally.


Abstract Galvanised iron is popular in many applications, particular as a roofing material. However, just like other materials, especially metallic ones, it is prone to degradation by corrosion. In this particular study, the degradation of galvanised roof sheets was investigated at a coastal, urban and rural site in Tanzania, Africa. Samples were exposed to various outdoor environments over a period of 3 years. In addition, some accelerated laboratory investigations were conducted in different simulated air pollution environments in an artificial corrosion chamber constructed for this purpose to supplement the outdoor exposure tests. It was found that the combination of the tropical climate and increasing air pollution due to industrial development in the capital Dar-es-Salaam resulted in substantial atmospheric corrosion of the roof sheets, which eventually leads to failure and the necessity for replacement. The rural site had the lowest degree of atmospheric corrosion as expected. A combination of different corrosion products was identified as a result of the atmospheric corrosion by Raman and EDX analyses. The information gained from this investigation could be utilised to construct more durable structures requiring less frequent replacement and maintenance in future.


The invention provides sorting and the information classification approach of a kind of changing food waste, belong to environmental technology field, present invention employs multiple Sorting Technique, main step is: (1) solid-liquor separation, (2) oil-water separation, (3) oils separates, (4) solid classification, its step includes: liquid level layering sorting, cool sorting, first proportion sorting, second proportion sorting, slope shaking table sorting, tiltedly bucket roller screen sorting, one-level blowing sorting, two grades of blowing sortings, first pinhock sorting, second pinhock sorting and pin stamp sorting, owing to present invention employs multiple Sorting Technique, the sort process making changing food waste is thinner, information classification is the most comprehensive, gained working substance is more, by the classification to the sorting of changing food waste with information, it is easy to reduce the wasting of resources, reduce environmental pollution, realize the recycling of changing food waste.


Unlike polarization control of optical waves, lossless control over the polarization of broadband terahertz waves remained challenging. We recently found that the polarization of terahertz waves generated from gas plasma excited by femtosecond fundamental pulse (ω) and its second harmonic (2ω) could be coherently controlled by changing the relative phase between the ω and 2ω pulses. In particular, when the ω and 2ω pulses are both circularly polarized (or close to it), the photo-excited electrons exhibit different trajectories as the relative phase between the two optical pulses changes, and subsequently terahertz polarization angle can be controlled arbitrarily through the relative phase while the intensity of the emitted terahertz wave is kept constant. This new finding may enable fast terahertz wave modulation and coherent control of nonlinear responses excited by intense terahertz waves with controllable polarization.


Abstract A region under rainfall is a contiguous spatial area receiving positive precipitation at a particular time. The probabilistic behavior of such a region is an issue of interest in meteorological studies. A region under rainfall can be viewed as a shape object of a special kind, where scale and rotational invariance are not necessarily desirable attributes of a mathematical representation. For modeling variation in objects of this type, we propose an approximation of the boundary that can be represented as a real valued function, and arrive at further approximation through functional principal component analysis, after suitable adjustment for asymmetry and incompleteness in the data. The analysis of an open access satellite dataset on monsoon precipitation over Eastern Indian subcontinent leads to explanation of most of the variation in shapes of the regions under rainfall through a handful of interpretable functions that can be further approximated parametrically. The most important aspect of shape is found to be the size followed by contraction/elongation, mostly along two pairs of orthogonal axes. The different modes of variation are remarkably stable across calendar years and across different thresholds for minimum size of the region. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.


The evaluation of girder moments in composite bridges becomes more urgent with the trend to increasing truck loads. The method specified by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials for such an evaluation depends only on the centre-to-centre girder spacing. This method does not account for skew and therefore is extremely conservative for skew composite bridges, since the presence of skew reduces the longitudinal moments in the girders. The method proposed by the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code (OHBDC) depends on the longitudinal and transverse rigidities of the bridge in addition to the girder spacing. However, this method is limited to bridges with skew parameters less than a certain value specified in the code. In this paper, the influence of skew on the moment distribution factor is investigated. Furthermore, the influences of other factors such as girder spacing, bridge aspect ratio, number of lanes, number of girders, and intermediate transverse diaphragms on the moment distribution factor are examined. An experimental program was conducted on six simply supported skew composite steel-concrete bridge models. The finite element method was used for the theoretical analysis. Good agreement is shown between the experimental results and the theoretical results. In addition, the finite element method was employed to conduct an extensive parametric study on more than 300 prototype composite bridge cases. The data generated from the parametric study were used to deduce expressions for the moment distribution factor for OHBDC truck loading and for dead load. An illustrative example is presented.


This research was funded by several Spanish Ministries (Projects BIA 2013‐48876‐C3‐1‐R, BIA 2013‐48876‐C3‐2‐R, BIA2016‐76643‐C3‐1‐R). Supply of the ceramic sludge used in this study by ADICEM Valorizacion S.L. is gratefully acknowledged.


The report by Kendler et al 1 on the risk of schizophrenia among relatives of Irish probands is an important genetic study. However, at the end of their report, they included a section on "The Prevalence of Schizophrenia in Ireland," which contains several inaccuracies. First, they said that "our results do not support previous claims that the prevalence rate of schizophrenia is substantially elevated in the general population either in all of Ireland or in the West of Ireland." The work that they referenced 2 claimed that the schizophrenia rate in western Ireland was elevated only for individuals born prior to 1940. The study by Kendler et al 1 included only those individuals born in 1930 or later, so there was only a 10-year overlap in the year of birth of the individuals in the two studies. It is surprising that Kendler et al 1 did not note this difference because four


Damage diagnosis and safety monitoring of large hydraulic structures are becoming one of the hot and difficult research subjects in the present structural engineering circle. Based on the wavelet theory, the measured data of a dam is operated by wavelet transform separating in different frequency bands and signal de-noising,and then the effective information of structure settlement can be obtained from the measured data with noise.This paper introduces an effective method to eliminate the error for the survey data.


Microbial EQR (MEOR) field test was carried out in Fuyu oilfield, China during 1996-2001. In Fuyu oilfield, patterned waterflooding has been applied for over 20 years and the current averaged water cut in test area has reached at approximately 90% due to the existence of high permeable layer.In this field test, a microbe named CJF-002 was applied. CJF-002 has a feature of producing insoluble polymer by feeding molasses as a nutrient. This MEOR test has focused on profile modification process by produced insoluble polymer in the reservoir to reduce water channeling. Prior to the field test, a tracer test was carried out to measure the baseline of reservoir characteristics. CJF-002 and molasses were injected from two water injectors. Increases of oil production and reduction of water cut were observed soon after CJF-002 and molasses injection started. After two-month microbial treatment, total oil rate in the test area increased approximately three times larger than before. The chemical and biological monitoring during the field test proved that CJF-002 survived and produced some amount of insoluble polymer in the reservoir. Result of tracer tests also indicated that microbial injection could improve the sweep pattern of injection water.Moreover, according to the simulation study of MEOR field test, the production performance of MEOR field test has successfully simulated by assuming the insoluble polymer had reduced the permeability of high permeable zone to 1/10 of its original value.This paper presents the successful results of MEOR field test and discussion on the effects of microbial profile modification process.


Velocity vector sensing by using fiber-optic low coherent interferometer is proposed and demonstrated. The velocity vector component is measured directly from a peak position of correlation signal between two backscattering lights from flow.


A photoelectrochemical application system with in-situ energy storage and anticorrosion dual function is constructed, in which a loose morphology carbon nitride thick film electrode prepared by one...


In structural engineering, damage detection in concrete gravity dams (CGDS) is a practical problem. Dam destruction can have severe financial consequences and may even lead to fatalities. Therefore, structural health monitoring in advance is crucial. In this regard, a well-known CGD, namely the Pine Flat Dam, has been chosen for the Finite Element Modeling. In this paper, damage is induced in the dam neck through elasticity modulus reduction by 40 % and 80 %. In addition, after applying Northridge earthquake, the acceleration in structure nodes for intact and damaged cases are recorded in vector formats. Using various methods, such as Discrete-time Fourier Transform (DTFT), Wavelet transform and Wiener transform, the differences between these two signals are investigated. The standard deviation (S.D.) of variations is chosen as the performance metric and is applied to the signal amplitude between intact and damage observations/signals. The reason why several signal processing algorithms are used is finding an approach which shows more clearly the differences caused by the destruction. This is evaluated via S.D. values for different algorithms. The results confirm the superiority of DTFT over other given algorithms. DTFT has a negligible outperformance (approximately zero dB) with respect to the Wavelet transform in both the crest and the lower nodes of the dam. This rate for DTFT and Wavelet is 10dB higher than that of Wiener and 35 dB in comparison with the simple amplitude difference. Moreover, the detection thresholds for the given methods are compared, and it is verified that the DTFT and Wavelet indicate the best performance.


Introduction: Over the past 20 years epidemiologic studies around the World have shown that overweight and obesity are major causes of many cancers. Methods: This presentation reviews both what we now know and what we do not about the epidemiological and biological factors relating excess adiposity to cancer risk. Results: Excess adiposity accounts for about 17% of breast cancers (2009 WCRF/AICR Policy Report), mostly due to the relationship between adiposity and extra-ovarian estrogen production; and about 50% of endometrial cancers by that same mechanism. Excess adiposity accounts for about 20% of gall bladder cancers probably due to the connection between adiposity and gall stone formation, and the consequent chronic inflammation by gall stones on the biliary tract. Excess adiposity accounts for about 35% of esophageal cancers due to the chronic inflammation caused by gastric acid that is refluxed into the esophagus due to high intra-abdominal pressures caused by abdominal obesity. Excess adiposity also accounts for about 10% of colon cancers, 25% of kidney cancers, and 25% of pancreas cancers, but the mechanisms for these associations are not well understood. These relationships may be due to the hyper-inflammatory state induced by excess adiposity and/or to the combined effects of other circulating growth factors induced by adiposity. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are major causes of many of the most common forms of cancer. The growing pandemic of obesity presents a particular hazard for future global cancer risk, but also an important opportunity for the reduction of cancer and several other chronic diseases. Conflict of interest: No conflicts of interest are disclosed for this work. Funding: This session is sponsored by the World Cancer Research Fund International, but no funding was provided to the author for this presentation.


The wide spread use of digital signage proves its advantage as a new form of media for advertisements, the visual information presents to the reader exceed most of paper based traditional media. With the spread of digital signage, the cost becomes cheaper; the production cycle becomes shorter and the uses became diversifier. Digital signage evaluated from simple display screen to today's network digital signage using all kinds of sensors. Digital signage has entered an interactive. But, as more people use digital signage blindly, more people gets confused about the classification of digital signage, the choice and future development of digital signage to gets fuzzy in today's multi network signage world. This articled summarized the chiastic of digital signage using 12 examples, so it can act as a reference for the customers and creators of digital signage.


ABSTRACT The phrase 'work to build a community with a shared future for mankind' became the guiding slogan of Chinese foreign policy in 2017. Beneath its smooth surface, the concept contains several layers of complex and sometimes contradictory meanings. Among other things, it seeks to position China both as one among many developing countries, treating all as equals, and as a major world leader that exerts influence over other states and the international system. The concept is thus at once both egalitarian and hierarchical. Along with the core concept, Chinese foreign policy articulates niche discourses on ethno-cultural identity, Marxism, and human rights that are targeted at special audiences. The writings of leading Chinese international-relations intellectuals tend to reveal a more emphatically hierarchical view of the international system, with China at the top, than is explicit in China's official rhetoric. Xi's international message has been promoted energetically by domestic media and promoted tirelessly on the international stage, with adaptations appropriate to diverse audiences. The Chinese message has met with a mixed reception abroad. China's rhetoric of cooperation is seen by many in other countries as a cover for self-interested strategic motives.


Geologic carbon from seafloor volcanism may influence late Pleistocene glacial terminations by increasing the global inventory of the greenhouse gas CO2. However, the evidence for geologic carbon flux associated with deep sea volcanism has been, so far, equivocal. Here, we construct a regional, glacial‐deglacial carbon budget of the volcanically active Gulf of California using microfossil 14C measurements and find results consistent with an increased addition of geologic carbon related to local seafloor volcanism during the deglaciation. Our estimates point to enhanced geologic carbon flux both before and during the last deglaciation that generally occur alongside carbonate preservation. This leads us to suggest that the carbon was added in the form of partially neutralized, 14C‐free bicarbonate associated with known Gulf sedimentary processes—a carbon source that would have a minimal effect on atmospheric CO2.


This paper is a preliminary typological study of usage indication in English dictionaries.Based on the lexicographical theory of usage,the paper systematically combs and summarizes the devices of usage indication.It also points out the necessity and feasibility of utilizing such information in EFL teaching and puts forward some ways as sample practice.


Title Improvement of Living Environment and Management of Kost Private Rental Housing in Urban Settlement of Indonesia [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) Diah Wasis Wulandari Citation 北海道大学. 博士(工学) 甲第12029号 Issue Date 2015-09-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/59950 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Diah_Wasis_Wulandari_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


We consider the problem of increasing the data collection frequency of aggregation convergecast. Previous studies attempt to increase the data collection frequency by shortening the completion of a single data collection cycle. We aim at increasing the frequency at which data collection updates are collected by the use of pipelining and, consequently, increasing the overall data collection frequency and throughput. To achieve this, we overlap the propagation schedule of multiple data snapshots within the same overall schedule cycle, thus increasing parallelism through pipelining. Consequently, the effective data collection time of an individual snapshot may span over multiple, successive, schedule cycles. To this end, we modify the aggregation convergecast model, decoupling schedule length, and data collection delay, by relaxing its precedence constraints. Our solution for this new problem involves the unconventional approach of constructing the schedule before finalizing the exact form of the data aggregation tree, which, in turn, requires that the schedule construction phase guarantees that every node can reach the sink. We compare our results using snapshot pipelining against a previously proposed algorithm that also uses a form of pipelining, as well as against an algorithm that though lacking pipelining, exhibits the ability to produce very short schedules. The results confirm the potential to achieve a substantial throughput increase, at the cost of some increase in latency.


Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (318 aa, ~36 kDa) is encoded by the human GGH gene. This protein is involved in the hydrolysis of gamma-linked glutamate bonds.


A syndrome ofhyperuricemia, sensorineural deafness, mild mental handicap and congenital disequilibrium in a four year-old boy is probably inherited as a sex-linked condition since his mother has sensorineural deafness and similar biochemical abnormalities. There is evidence ofa superactive PP-ribose-P synthetase, normal purine salvage enzymes, and severe depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and guanine triphosphate in red cells.


Scheme 1. Short synthetic route to styryl furanones. Although the conversion of the starting ester 4 appeared complete by TLC analysis, the yield of the desired furanone was generally poor (<30%), mostly due to partial decomposition on silica gel (as demonstrated by 2D-TLC). The process was repeated using different styrenes (R 3 -vinyl), that were either commercially available or readily prepared from the corresponding aldehydes via Wittig olefination.


) hours. The prepared ligand and their complex characterized by FT-IR, Mass, Elemental analyses, and conductivity then antimicrobial activity of the complex was studied against two pathogenic strains of E.coli and S. aurous at three values of concentrations of (10 ppm,20 ppm and 30 ppm by using standards by disk-diffusion method.


A search for the transfer of 4‐neutron cluster in the elastic scattering of 8He on a gaseous helium target at a beam energy of 26 A⋅MeV is reported. The upper limits of the cross section at the backward scattering angles were obtained. DWBA calculations show that the two‐step 2n transfer will contribute more than the one‐step 4n transfer. The d (8He,4n) 6Li reaction for investigation of the 4‐neutron system is discussed.


The achievements on the health subject of the Mexican population can undoubtedly be seen on the lifetime increases obtained in their age structure. This work estimates the gains on life expectancy, or average years a person lives, at a national level during the 1950-1980 period by sex and age of the population structure, refering as well to the changes undergone in such gains. An exhaustive presentation of the Pollard method is made in order to enable us to appreciate the advantages and limitations of the methodology used to quantify the gains in life expectancy. It also shows, graphically, the differences by sex and age from which the gain distributions are derived.


To realize single longitudinal-mode of the fiber laser.a ring configuration is devised.The single longitudinal-mode operation is realized by using a fiber Bragg grating(FBG) as wavelength-selective element and a unpumped 2m-long erbium-doped fiber(EDF) which can produce stading-wave saturation effects in the cavity.Its tunable wavelength range is 42 nm,the output power is more than 3.5 dBm and the stability is less than ±0.005 dB.Two orthogonal polarization modes are found by using a scanning Fabry-Perot(F-P) interferometer.Then,the single longitudinal-mode is observed with a polarimeter in the cavity.The longitudinal-mode linewidth of 20 MHz is measured.The slope curve of the laser output represents optical bistability phenomena because of saturation absorption effects.


A method for analyzing and optimizing the prism based single-lens stereovision system was proposed so that the pictures captured by this system were adequate for the application of stereovision.The stereovision system was firstly analyzed from the standpoint of system setup and parameters selection.Then a mathematical method was introduced to calculate the FOV of the prism based single-lens stereovision system.The proposed method used line in space to show rectilinear propagation of light.The vector calculation method of the refraction of light theorem was used to solve the equation of the straight line through the prism in order to determine FOV.By adding some restricted condition,the area of FOV was redefined and a detailed connection between FOV and capture picture was given to obtain the appropriate image pair for stereovision.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the new RaySafe Unfors X2 (X2) dosimetry system and compare it to the operation of the RaySafe Unfors Xi (Xi) and Radcal Accugold (RCAG) dosimetry systems. The comparison was done for the radiographic/fluoroscopic detectors, mammography detectors and the CT ionization chambers.

METHODS
This study used several R/F rooms, GE AMX4 portable x-ray unit, Siemens Biograph 16 slice CT scanner and a Hologic Dimensions mammography unit to evaluate the dosimetry systems. The three X2 detectors were compared to similar detectors of the older Xi and RCAG detectors under clinical conditions used for diagnostic medical physics testing. Measurements of kVp, HVL and exposure were made under identical conditions.

RESULTS
For radiography and fluoroscopy the three systems agreed to within +2 kVp in the 60 to 140 kVp range, HVL measurements agreed to within +2 mm Al and the exposures agreed to within +5%. The RCAG 6 cc ionization chamber measured at least 3% higher than the diode systems. The X2 R/F detector appeared to be transparent to the fluoroscopy AEC system. For exposures made using both the CT ACR dose phantoms, the X2 agreed to within +3% of the other two systems. For mammography measurements, the three systems agreed to within +0.4kVp (25-49 kVp range), HVL measurements agreed to within +0.05 mm Al and the exposures agreed to within +1% of the ionization chamber.

CONCLUSION
The X2 system is a new version of the older Xi system. The system is faster, more robust, very easy to use, has a larger dynamic range, produced less errors and stores 1000 exposures. The measurements showed that the system performs well in the clinical environment and the X2 is within + 5% agreement of the other two calibrated systems.


With the increasing traffic of civil aircraft, the Air-to-Ground (A/G) communications come into being the broadband datalink to provide the services for Air-Traffic Control (ATC), Airline Operation Communications (AOC) and Air Passenger Communications (APC). The requirement for data rate exceeds Mbps. Due to the limited spectrum assigned for aeronautical communications, the traditional Single Input and Single Output (SISO) datalink is confronted with the bottleneck to provide broadband services. In this paper, virtual Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) scheme is proposed to handle this issue. Meanwhile, a group of aircrafts are synchronized to transmit data to Ground Station (GS) deployed with terrestrial array antenna. The proposed virtual MIMO scheme not only increases the transmission rate, but also improves the system capacity. Moreover, the aircraft can be assigned multiple frequency points and achieves the diversity gain in the transmission with multiple virtual MIMO links.


evaluation of the longitudinal conductance S, can offer a relevant image regarding the protective capacity of a clayey aquifer overburden. Hence, this parameter gets a time dimension (Henriet, 1976), namely infiltration time. The integrated interpretation of the geophysical data sets can lead to an accurately determination of the thickness of the overburden. The resulted map which illustrates the spatial distribution of the Longitudinal Conductance emphasizes the week natural protection capacity of the phreatic aquifer – the main potable source for the inhabitants in Zlatna mining region.


According to the characteristics of the copper-lead-zinc polymetallic sulphide ore,an effective flotation process was formulated in which a bulk flotation of copper together lead was first conducted,followed by separating copper from lead by employing a combined depressant composed of sodium silicate,sodium sulfite and carboxymethyl cellulose.By doing so,a successful separation of copper from lead was realized,and a good dressing result attained.


The article offers insights on the peer‐review process as it relates to scientific and technical reports used to inform regulatory decisions. Used effectively, peer review is a powerful tool for advising organizational leaders whether the scientific foundations of their decisions can be expected to withstand scrutiny as rule‐making products move through interagency reviews, public comment and stakeholder processes, congressional oversight, and judicial review. The emphasis is "heads up" rather than "how to." That is, without delving into myriad technical and administrative details, the discussion highlights nine fundamental "leadership responsibilities" that determine the nature and course of peer review.