This article gives a simple and efficient method, using Markov chains, to obtain the exact run-length properties of Shewhart control charts with supplementary runs rules. Average run-length comparisons are made among the Shewhart chart with supplementary runs rules, the basic Shewhart chart, and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart.


A rust proofing method of a magnetic core of a vibration motor is to grind the magnet core first, remove adhesive impurities by a cleaner then clean is with Zn phosphate, again do preparation before rust proofing and handle many times with rust proofing coatings to make it covered with enough thick and tight coatings, finally to cost polyester favorable to form a perfect protection on the outer surface of rust proofing coatings and rotate the core with a centrifugal to remove the extra coveries to uniform the surface cover, increasing cover and rust proofing energy.


Damage to mangrove forests has reduced the size forest area and the diversity of mangrove species. Improvement of mangrove forests require seeds with good growth and resistant to pests and diseases. The shade levels and growing media is a factor that affects plant growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of growing media and shade level on the growth of bakau minyak (R. apiculata). The study was conducted for 12 weeks and used a complete randomized design to analyze the data. The first factor was the growing media (A) with 3 levels of treatment, namely mudsoil (A0), mud and compost (A1), and mud, sand and compost (A2). The second factor was the shade level (N) with 3 levels treatment, namely the shade intensity 0% (N0), 50% (N1), and 70% (N2). The result of this study indicate that the shade intensity has a significant effect on the growth of Rhizophora apiculata, and the growing medium does not significantly affect the growth of Rhizophora apiculata. The best shade intensity for growth of R. apiculata is 0% (N0).
 Keywords: growing media, mangrove forest, rehabilitation, Rhizophora apiculata, shade level


This thesis analyses seven of Galdos's key Novelas contemporaneas – Lo prohibido (1884-1885), the four Torquemada novels (1889-1895), Angel Guerra (1891) and Misericordia (1897) – in the context of contemporary discourses regarding the socio-economic changes which Spanish society had experienced from the 1830s. Adopting a socio-historical approach, this study emphasizes the variety of ideologies which Galdόs's contemporaries embraced in response to the changing socio-economic circumstances of their own time, as well as the author's own engagement with these diverse currents of thought. The particular focus is to examine Galdos's preoccupation in these novels with questions relating to the creation and distribution of wealth in the modern money-centred society of Restoration Spain. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 analyse in detail the historical account of the ascent of the bourgeoisie which Galdos presents in Lo prohibido, the Torquemada series and Angel Guerra. In these novels, Galdos links the wealth of his bourgeois characters to the speculative climate which resulted from the economic policies of the liberal State. In Angel Guerra and the last of the Torquemada novels, Torquemada y San Pedro, Galdos brings into focus the social effects of the most representative of these liberal policies, Mendizabal's 1835-1836 desamortizacion. I examine Galdos's engagement here with the intense contemporary debate on this controversial policy. Chapter 4 analyses Galdos's treatment of the themes of pauperism and charity in Misericordia in relation to contemporary discourses on the cuestion social. This study reveals Galdos's perception, which he shares with other contemporary authors, of living through a time of profound social transformation.


Repeated injections of nicotine can produce an increase in locomotor activity and the expression of immediate‐early gene, c‐fos, in the central dopaminergic areas. Many studies have shown that Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and its main alkaloid compound, berberine (BER), have a suppressive effect on the central nervous system. We examined the influence of CR or BER on repeated nicotine‐induced locomotor activity in rats and the change of c‐Fos expression in the brain by using immunohistochemistry. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were given CR and BER before repeated injections of nicotine hydrochloride (0.4 mg kg−1, s.c.) twice daily for 7 days. After 3 days withdrawal, rats received a challenge injection of nicotine. Pretreatment with CR (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) and BER (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) significantly inhibited the nicotine‐induced locomotor activity and expression of c‐Fos in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that CR and BER may produce inhibitory effects of nicotine on behavioural sensitization by possibly reducing postsynaptic neuronal activation in the central dopaminergic systems.


The paper describes the processes leading to the
development, management and use of a single integrated
Monitoring and Evaluation system for the Programme.


The development of arid zone geomorphology has progressed over the past century from ground-level observations of a limited number of locations through the field traverse mapping of sizeable arid areas to a broad-scale overview of global desert regions assisted by aerial photography and satellite imagery. Extraterrestrial investigations of planetary surfaces and landforms have proceeded in exactly the opposite manner. Telescopic observations first provided global overviews of distant planets. The early spacecraft missions of the 1960s relayed hemispheric and regional views, while later missions returned more detailed images comparable to satellite images of the Earth. To date, detailed views seen from the surfaces of other terrestrial planets are restricted to two locations on Mars and four landing sites on Venus. As a result, the approach and scope of our inquiry into arid processes are necessarily different when studying extraterrestrial surfaces. In this review, we attempt to build a picture of the arid surface of Mars starting with a discussion of possible microscale and mesoscale processes and later examining the creation of individual arid landforms and terrains. We conclude with an overview of recent discoveries regarding the surface of Venus and attempt to forecast the course of future planetary missions of interest to arid zone scientists. Spacecraft exploration of Mars began with three Mariner flyby missions during the 1960s. The initial impression was of a surface much like that of the Moon. This judgement changed following the Mariner 9 mission in 1971-72, which relayed more detailed images showing a surface with many landforms common to Earth. Beginning in the summer of 1976, views from the surface were transmitted by two landing craft. On 20 July 1976, Viking 1 landed on the vast volcanic plain of Chryse Planitia (22.5°N, 47.8°W). Several weeks later, Viking 2 touched down upon Utopia Planitia (48.0°N, 225.6°W), another northern hemisphere plain. During the time of Viking lander data collection, two Viking orbiters imaged the surface from an altitude of about 1500 km. Though Mars is a small planet, its landsurface area is nearly equal to that of the Earth. Another close similarity is daylength. Because the Martian day is slightly longer than Earth's, events at the Viking landing sites were measured in Sols, or Martian solar days, following each landing. Mars also has distinct seasons, but due to the eccentricity of its orbit, the seasons are of unequal length. The


Semiconducting material consisting of inlays of different doping or composition in selective areas may be grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The growth morphology showed that it is possible to fill an etched hole with MBE without the formation of voids resulting from facet growth as observed in other growth techniques. This regrowth process may have potential for applications to integrated microwave and optoelectric devices.


The combined results of logging, physical properties studies, and the oblique seismic experiment conducted during DSDP Legs 51 through 53 at Sites 417 and 418 in Cretaceous crust at the southern end of the Bermuda Rise make possible the first detailed evaluation of the physical state of the upper levels of old oceanic crust. From an analysis of the results of the oblique seismic experiment, it appears that the P-wave velocity increases linearly from 4.8 :i::0.2 km/s at the top of Layer 2 to 6.4 :i::0.2 km/s at a sub-basement depth of 1.3 km. The P-wave velocity of Layer 3 at approximately 1.5 km is 6.7 :i::0.2 km/s. TheS-wave velocity is 2.6 :i::0.1 km/s at the top of Layer 2 and 3.7 :i::0.1 km/s at the top of Layer 3. The average value of Vp (4.8 km/s) measured by logging in the uppermost basement in Hole 4170 is in excellent agreement with the value obtained from the oblique seismic experiment, but is lower than the formation velocity (5.3 to 5.6 km/s) reconstructed for the site from laboratory measurements of velocity through recovered core material. This requires that the formation contains cracks on a scale finer than the resolution of the logging and oblique seismic experiments, but greater than that of laboratory samples. On the basis of these results and petrologic constraints imposed by the core, the upper crust in Hole 4170 consists of 90 per cent basalt with an average grain boundary porosity of 8 per cent, less than I per cent interpillow limestone, 5 per cent smectite consisting of about 50 per cent water, and 5 per cent open cracks filled with standing water. The formation porosity thus resides in two domains, grain boundaries and open cracks, and totals 13 to 14 per cent. This value is confirmed by electrical resistivity logs which indicate, in addition, that the cracks are interconnected, giving the formation an average permeability in the thousands of darcies, with lower values in the less fractured massive basalts. Comparison of these results with logging data obtained in young crust in Hole 396B on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge indicates that, although the porosity and permeability of the upper levels of the crust at Site 417 are much lower than at the ridge crest, the formation is not entirely sealed. Although water circulation is thus still possible in old crust, it may be limited by the presence of massive basalts and the absence of shallow sources of heat. 1Deep Sea Drilling Project and Geological Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. 2Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (now at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts). 3Department of Geological Sciences and Graduate Program in Geophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 4Centre Oceanologique de Bretagne, Brest, France.. 5Geophysical Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 6Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, New York. 7Program in Geosciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (now at the Graduate Program in Geophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington). INTRODUCTION During the past several decades, our perception of the structure of the oceanic crust (Table 1) has evolved from simple layered models derived from surface refraction data (e.g., Raitt, 1963), through multiple layered models based on ocean bottom seismometer and sonobuoy data (e.g., Hussong, 1972; Peterson et aI., 1974; Houtz and Ewing, 1976), to detailed velocity gradient models derived from velocity and amplitude analysis of reflection and refraction data (e.g., Heimberger and Morris, 1970; Orcutt et aI., 1976; Spudich et aI., 1978). Although the velocity structure of the crust can now be determined in considerable detail, 1579 Athor's P ronal opy 1 -2.0 -0.5 I \.7-2.0 0.5 2 5.07.0.63 \.71.0.75 2A 2.5-3.8 0.5-1.5 2B 4.0-6.0 0.5-1.5 3 6.69 .0.26 4.86 .1.42 3A 6.5-6.8 2.0-3.0 3B 7.0-7.7 2.0-5.0 Mantle 8.\3 .0.24 Mantle 8.1 Basement Leg Hole Location Penetration (m) 37 332Aa 36° 52. n'N, 33°38.46'W 230 37 332Ba 36° 52. n'N, 33° 38.46'W 589 37 333A b 36° 50.45'N, 33° 40.05 'w 300 45 395A c 22° 45.35'N, 46° 04.90'W 580 46 396Bd 22° 59.14'N, 43° 30.90'W 256 49 409f 62°36.98'N,25°57.17'W 240 51 through 53 417Ag 25° 06.63'N, 68° 02.48'W 209 51 through 53 417Dg 25° 06.69'N, 68° 02.82'W 366 51 through 53 418Aj 25°02.10'N,68°03.44'W 544 Recovery in Age Basement (%) (m.y.) 10 3.5 21 3.5 8 3.5 18 7 23 10 24 2.3 61 108 n 108 n 108 M. SALISBURY ET AL. TABLE 1 Models of Oceanic Seismic Structure I,ayer Three-Layer Modela Velocity Vp Thickness (km/s) (km) Multiple Layer Modelb,c Velocity Vp Thickness (km/s) (km) Layer aAfter Raitt, 1963. bAfter Peterson et aI., 1974. cHoutz and Ewing (1976) have proposed dividing Layer 2 into Layers 2A, B, and C having average velocities of 3.64, 5.19, and 6.09 km/s, respectively. its composition has remained largely conjectural beyond the limits of direct sampling. This is because of the difficulties of interpreting velocities in terms of petrology in the absence of in situ data on the distribution of cracks and voids in the basement and their effects upon in situ pressure, water saturation, and formation velocity. During the past five years, several attempts have been made to drill deep into the oceanic basement to determine its petrology and geophysical behavior directly. Although the composition of the crust is known from such efforts to depths of more than 0.5 km at several sites in the Atlantic (Table 2), low core recovery has prevented reconstruction of its geophysical behavior. Recently, two attempts have been made to measure the in situ physical properties of the crust by means of downhole geophysical experiments. During the first such experiment (Kirkpatrick, 1978), a 200-meter section of .basement was logged in Hole 396B in 10-m.y.-old crust at 23°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although the operating conditions were not perfect, the experiment nonetheless clearly demonstrated that in situ compressional wave velocities in young crust are consistent with those of Layer 2A (Houtz and Ewing, 1976) and that the porosity and fluid permeability of the uppermost levels of the basement are extremely high owing to the presence of numerous water-filled cracks and voids. The second attempt, consisting of both downhole logging and the first successful application of the oblique seismic experiment (Stephen et aI., this volume), was recently completed in Hole 417D in conjunction with drilling conducted in 108-m.y.-old crust at the southern end of the Bermuda Rise during Legs 51 through 53 (Figure 1). As can be seen in Figure 2 and Table 3, four holes were drilled during this program for a cumulative basement penetration of 1129 meters and a maximum penetration in one hole (Hole 418A) of 544 meters. The results of laboratory studies of the rocks obtained from these holes (Site 417 and 418 Reports; Christensen et al.; Hamano; Johnson; all, this volume), together with those of the downhole logging and oblique seismic experiments in Hole 417D (Salisbury et al.; Stephen et al.; both, this volume), represent the most comprehensive body of geophysical data in existence on the in situ properties of the crust. The purpose of the present paper is to determine the physical state of Layer 2 from a review of these data and from a comparison of results determined at different scales of investigation in the same hole. BASEMENT LITHOLOGY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The section drilled at Sites 417 and 418 consists of approximately 300 meters of unconsolidated-to-semi-consolidated pelagic clay, claystone, and chalk of Recent to early Aptian age underlain by pillow basalt, breccia, and massive basalt; the massive basalt is cut by dikes in the bottom of the deepest holes (Holes 417D and 418A). The basalts are plagioclase-phyric with subordinate phenocrysts of olivine :!: clinopyroxene and tend to fairly uniform in composition. TABLE 2 Deep Basement Penetration Sites in the Atlantic Loggingh . . Oblique Seismic Exp.! Downhole Experiments


We previously reported that pretreatment with dopamine decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines through the formation of dopamine quinone in cultured microglial cells, and that loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) enhanced LPS-induced mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the mouse striatum. In this study, we examined the effect of L-dopa/carbidopa on the enhancement of LPS-induced mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines by MPTP in the mouse striatum. The levels of cytokine mRNA and quinoprotein, an indicator of dopamine quinone formation, in the striatum were examined by real-time RT-PCR and NBT/glycinate assay, respectively. Co-administration of L-dopa (50 mg/kg) and carbidopa (5 mg/kg), once daily for 5 days, significantly attenuated the enhancement of LPS-induced increase in mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by MPTP in the striatum. The decrease of quinoprotein level in the striatum by MPTP was also attenuated by the co-administration of L-dopa and carbidopa. These results suggest that dopamine decreases LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in microglial cells through the formation of dopamine quinone in the mouse striatum.


This study characterizes the spatial dynamics of Plum Leaf Scald on three commercial orchards located in Sao Paulo State - Brazil. All trees from each orchard were evaluated during four consecutive years (one orchard), and for three consecutive years (two orchards). The incidence and characteristics of spatial patterns were assessed by the binomial dispersion index, Ripley's K-function and average minimum distance. Autologistic models were fitted for different neighboring structures with model selection guided by the Akaike Information Criteria. The autologistic model relates the probability of an infection with the presence of the disease on neighboring trees within and between the rows and also on the diagonals, on the same and/or previous time of assessment. Aggregated patterns were detected by different methods, except for the evaluations with incidence below 10%. The selected autologistic model consistently showed an increased risk of disease for trees with infected neighboring in the same row on the same time of assessment, whereas effects between rows were only detected for the higher incidences. Overall, the Plum Leaf Scald epidemic shows random patterns at the beginning and aggregation on later stages.


In an article in Faculty Focus , an online newsletter for those working in higher education, Dr. LynnAnne Lowrie, a faculty member who teaches psychology and counseling, wrote about the benefits of faculty vulnerability in the teaching environment.[1][1] She was inspired by her own concerns as a


While disk is vibrating,the distance variation between the optical pickup and the disk is introduced.The focus servo system is the base of the servo system.The control part is designed to compensate the focus error due to disk oscillation.The PID arithmetic based on IIR,which has lower order and faster,is used on the focus servo system based on the chip Ali 5705.And the test made on this system has a good result.


An experiment with a spring is described to illustrate the fact that the irreversibility involved in a physical process in transforming the system from an initial state to a terminal state bears an inverse relationship to the number of discrete steps in which it is carried out, leading to the conclusion that the process becomes reversible as the number of steps tends to infinity. A similar relationship is shown to hold for processes like charging of a capacitor and compression of a perfect gas.


The first chiral auxiliary mediated asymmetric synthesis of
(+)-streptazolin has been accomplished in 13 steps and with a high degree
of stereocontrol.


The second known species of the genus Xenohyla is described from the State of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from X. truncata mainly by the retention of young color pattern in adults, and by inhabiting completely different environment, associated to disjunct distribution and distinct habitat.


Block copolymer (BCP) derived periodic nanostructures with domain sizes larger than 150 nm present a versatile platform for the fabrication of photonic materials. So far, the access to such materials has been limited to highly synthetically involved protocols. Herein, we report a simple, "user-friendly" method for the preparation of ultrahigh molecular weight linear poly(solketal methacrylate-b-styrene) block copolymers by a combination of Cu-wire-mediated ATRP and RAFT polymerizations. The synthesized copolymers with molecular weights up to 1.6 million g/mol and moderate dispersities readily assemble into highly ordered cylindrical or lamella microstructures with domain sizes as large as 292 nm, as determined by ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Solvent cast films of the synthesized block copolymers exhibit stop bands in the visible spectrum correlated to their domain spacings. The described method opens new avenues for facilitated fabrication and the advancemen...


Basied on software AutoCAD, inserting the VAB program relizes the analysis and visualization, automatation of stability of stereographic projection attaching to fractured rock mass structure caused by building the border road ranging from K2+280 to K3+180 of the high and steep slope of Shijue in Ji'an. Through the survey of the current geographic condition the stability of high and steep slope is mainly up to joint planes, the destroy of steep edge slope is mainly due to the unstability of wedge forms after the cuting of discontinuous joint planes. Therefore, it puts forward that the analysing process of rock mass edge slope should be programmed, by which it analysed the stability of high steep edge slope of the border road ranging from K2+280 to K3+180 and comes up with the reasonale suggestion of strengthening.


Introduction: Platelet support in patients who are pancytopenic after autologous stem-cell transplantation (auSCT) is difficult in the presence of human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA-AB) class I. Multiple transfusions and pregnancy are risk factors for development of HLA-AB. In renal transplantation rituximab (R-mab) is used to reduce HLA-AB levels in HLA-incompatible kidney transplantation. We evaluated whether the incidence of HLA-AB was lower in lymphoma patients who were treated with R-mab during salvage therapy prior to auSCT. Methods: Single-centre retrospective evaluation of patients treated with DHAP-VIM-DHAP salvage (with or without R-mab) and BEAM plus auSCT for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) or Hodgkin9s lymphoma (HL). After becoming available R-mab was given to patients with CD20-positive lymphoma; R-mab was not used before it9s availability and in CD20-negative lymphoma. HLA-AB were measured in case of insufficient platelet yield after transfusion. Results: Between January 1 st 1999 and December 31 st 2013, 164 patients with a B-NHL or HL underwent auSCT (Table). Age at auSCT was median 52.5 (17.8 – 70.2) years, 73 (45%) patients were female and 89 (54%) were treated with R-mab. Type of lymphoma was diffuse large B-NHL (DLBCL) in 82 (50%) patients, HL in 46 (28%) patients, follicular lymphoma (FL) in 30 (18%) patients and other in 6 (4%) patients. All transfused cellular blood products were leucoreduced. Of R-mab treated patients, 42 (47%) were female versus 31 (41%) non R-mab treated patients, p=0.529 (Table). R-mab treated patients were older at auSCT than non R-mab treated patients: median 57.4 (18.3 – 70.2) years versus 48.1 (17.8 – 64.6) years, p All 3 patients who developed HLA-AB were female (100%) versus 44% (n=70) of patients without HLA-AB, p=0.086. All 3 women (100%) with HLA-AB have been pregnant versus 51 (73%) women without HLA-AB (p=0.704); in 8 women without HLA-AB their history of pregnancy was unknown. None (0%) of 3 patients with HLA-AB were treated with R-mab versus 89 of 161 (55%) patients without HLA-AB, p=0.094. Age at auSCT was median 44.2 (39.1 – 52.4) years in patients with HLA-AB and median 52.6 (17.8 – 70.2) years in patients without HLA-AB, p=0.246. Number of rPC transfused was median 7 (4 – 14) in patients with HLA-AB and median 6 (1 – 54) in patients without HLA-AB, p=0.666. There was no significant difference seen in type of lymphoma between patients with and without HLA-AB. Conclusion: The incidence of HLA-AB in our cohort of lymphoma patients treated with DHAP-VIM-DHAP salvage with or without rituximab followed by BEAM plus auSCT for B-NHL or HL is very low. A trend was seen towards treatment without R-mab and female gender, not towards a history of pregnancy. Denoted as median (range), categorical variables as number (%). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


I. Constitutional Bases for Federal Tort Legislation .......... 432 A. Tort Remedies Involving Constitutional Rights ....... 433 1. Tort Remedies Protecting Constitutional Rights . . 433 a. State Action .................. 433 b. Private Actors ................. 434 2. Congressional Power to Limit Tort Remedies That Impair the Exercise of Constitutional Rights .... 436 B. Activities Having an Impact on Interstate Commerce ... 438 C. The Spending Power ...................... 442 D. New York v. United States and the Problem of Unfunded Mandates ............................. 443 1. Striking the Proper Balance ............. 445 2. Some Current Proposals ............... 446


The characteristics and mechanism of viscosity accompanied with temperature of coal-oil slurry in high temperature and high pressure were studied. The viscosity of coal-oil slurry between temperature 220 ℃and 450 ℃ was measured. Viscosity increased before 250 ℃ is due to coal swelling,while above 340 ℃ is due to the increase of preasphaltene. The sheering speeds have little influence on viscosity. When the conversion ratio of coal is between 30% and 40% ,the viscosity will increase.


Do the new, modern dental resin composites improve the sealing in cavities restorations? The present study was designed to compare the effect of two different, but most used layering techniques of the dental composite in reducing the marginal microleakage when a brand-new material is used; Class I black cavities were prepared on 120 human extracted teeth and then restored using oblique and horizontal layering technique. The dye penetration analysis, the atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) technique were used to assess the adaptation of the restorative material to the dental structures. Some better results were obtained for oblique layering technique, but the differences to the other method have not been statistically validated. The composite layering technique still remains an open quest and, moreover, in vivo studies should be designed in order to assess microleakage in real conditions of the oral environment.


The influence of martensite morphology and its geometrical distribution in ferrite matrix on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of Fe-Mn-C dual phase steels has been studied experimentally. Special attention has been paid to the determination of the fracture mechanisms. Examination of the repolished longitudinal sections of fractured specimens by scanning electron microscopy has revealed that, according to their different morphologies and dispersions, the main mechanism of void formation in these dual phase steels can change from martensite cracking to decohesion at the ferrite/martensite interface. These two features, in turn, can determine the failure mechanisms of the specimen: cleavage or ductile `cup and cone' fracture. In addition, the observed mechanical properties have been related to these modes of fracture.


We report on room-temperature electroluminescence from an all-inorganic light emitting device based on spin-coated ZnO nanoparticles. A tight submicron thick layer was fabricated on a fluorine doped tin oxide glass as a substrate using commercially available ZnO nanoparticles from the gas phase. After the evaporation of the top Al electrode, a diodelike I-V characteristic was obtained. An emission peak at around 390 nm and a broad defect-related electroluminescence in the visible range were observed at voltages below 10 V and ambient air conditions.


The rock stripping activity is one of the main links of the production chain of the mineral extraction activity, with a direct influence on the loading, transportation and beneficiation stages. The use of explosives in this activity, called rock stripping, brings diverse impacts to the surrounding community, with particular importance when the populations and their patrimony are affected. These effects translate into the generation and propagation of vibration in the soil, which can cause discomfort to the population and structural damage to buildings. In this context, the objective was to identify the main pathologies generated to the structures of the residences near the quarry, as well as to verify the radius of vibration performance with the mining activity. To obtain the results of the research, questionnaires were applied to the population and to the quarry, seeking to relate pathologies presented in the sampled buildings, with the vibrations resulting from the rock dismantling. In view of the above, it was verified that the main pathologies presented are: cracks and cracks in masonry, cracks in water reservoirs and infiltrations. Through the map of the radius of action of vibration, it was also verified that the smaller the distance between building and quarry, the more severe the pathologies identified.


A general mechanism for "breaking" commutativity in algebras is proposed: if the underlying set is taken to be not a crisp set, but rather an obscure/fuzzy set, the membership function, reflecting the degree of truth that an element belongs to the set, can be incorporated into the commutation relations. The special "deformations" of commutativity and $\varepsilon $-commutativity are introduced in such a way that equal degrees of truth result in the "nondeformed" case. We also sketch how to "deform" $\varepsilon$-Lie algebras and Weyl algebras. Further, the above constructions are extended to $n$-ary algebras for which the projective representations and $\varepsilon $-commutativity are studied.


Introduction and purpose: Neonatal asphyxia is a medical condition in which the neonate is not able to maintain sufficient respiratory function. The hypoxia may be caused by either an impaired respiratory activity of the neonate or an interruption of blood flow to the placenta in the period immediately before or during delivery, which resulted in inadequate oxygen perfusion to vital organs.
Description of the state of knowledge: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a form of perinatal hypoxia, occurring in newborns after the 35th week of gestation and presenting along with neurological disorders. In fact, it is a major cause of death and infant disability. The incidence of HIE is approximately 2-5 per 1000 live births. The standard recommended treatment for perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is therapeutic hypothermia. There are two methods used: selective head cooling with moderate whole-body hypothermia (SHC) and whole-body hypothermia (WBC). In both cases, metabolism and neural tissue destruction are slowed down.
Conclusions: Therapeutic hypothermia is a promising treatment option for neonatal encephalopathy. Thus, it decreases the risk of death and neurological deficits in the form of cerebral palsy, epilepsy and psychomotor retardation. Whole-body hypothermia appears to be a more successful method than selective head cooling, however more research is still needed.


The amount of wound exudate is an important consideration in the process of selecting dressings and a dressing that can handle varying amounts of exudate has the potential to play an important role in healing. A retrospective single-center study was conducted in patients with chronic wounds to evaluate the effects of a cellulose dressing indicated for both dry and moist wounds. Participants included 54 patients with 96 ulcers (27 diabetic foot, 41 venous, 21 ischemic ulcers, and seven ulcers of other etiologies. All wounds were managed using standard moist wound care followed by care using the cellulose dressing. Change in wound area and patient pain following use of the standard and cellulose dressing were compared. The difference in median percent reduction following use of the two dressing regimens was significantly different (‐35% [-100 to 92,492] versus 0.0 [99.82 to 5,597], P = 0.006). Pain had been reduced in 33% of patients following standard care; after cellulose dressing treatment, an additional 28% reported less pain. No skin irritation or allergies developed. The cellulose dressing was found to be safe and effective in this patient population with difficult-to-heal ulcers.


Most of us who have worked with named variables in the A-calculus must have noticed how sticky such variables can be. The problem is, that named variables play a very demanding role in the most basic operations of the .A-calculus, namely: ,B-reduction and substitution. This has lead to using implicit substitution rather than the explicit one in most theories of the A-calculus. Variable names however, have one advantage that should not be underestimated; that is: they facilitate the readability of terms. Now, it would be very nice if we could write the basic operations of the A-calculus in a precise way which avoids the messiness of variables. It would be very nice moreover, if we could sometimes keep the variable names, without having to pay the price usually associated with them. Our first task in this paper is to get rid of the problematic variable names and to establish what we believe is the most precise and fine A-calculus, 0". In such a calculus, de Bruijn's indices are used inst.ead of variable names and substit.ut.ion and reduction are defined in a step-wise fashion which can be directly implemented without having to carry out a lot of book-keeping as is usually t.he case in the classical A-calculus. Most importantly, the substitut.ion in 0,::: is no longer the implicit. substitut.ion but rather it is the explicit one which is long needed in ma.ny applicat.ions of the A-calculus. Such an explicit substitution has been facilitated as a result of the fine st.ructure of A-terms that we propose in this paper and where item notation plays a dominant role. Furthermore, t,he species of variable names is cult.ivat.ed and ordered so that. a fine inter-marriage between de Bruijn IS indices and variable names takes place. Such a relationship between de Bruijn's indices and variable names will be used to show the consist.ency of our fine reduction and explicit subst.itution in terms of the classical A-calculus. ~TC shall also reflect on the use and necessity of a-conversion.


Introduction
 : Post‐traumatic vasospasm (PTV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
 1
 Delayed PTV is thought to occur due to inflammation from SAH.
 1
 The risk of symptomatic PTV is associated with the severity of TBI.
 1,2,3
 Treatment of PTV traditionally involves agents used in aneurysmal vasospasm such as Nimodipine. Intra‐arterial and intravenous verapamil and milrinone have been utilized to treat PTV.
 4
 We present a rare case of delayed cerebral ischemia caused by PTV without SAH treated with intra‐arterial milrinone and oral verapamil.

 Methods
 : This is a case report of a case of a 16‐day delay of cerebral ischemia secondary to PTV.

 Results
 : A 19‐year‐old female without significant medical history presented to the emergency room as the restrained driver in a motor vehicle collision involving a car versus a tree. The patient's Glasgow Coma Scale score was 13 and the initial head CT did not demonstrate SAH with a Rotterdam score of 0. There were multiple fractures and soft tissue contusions noted on imaging which required surgical correction and splinting. The patient's hospital stay was complicated by a large retroperitoneal hematoma requiring blood transfusions and surgical evacuation. 16 days after admission, the patient experienced sudden‐onset right upper extremity paralysis and weakness of the right leg. CT head demonstrated loss of gray‐white differentiation in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory and CT angiography demonstrated 70% stenosis of the left supra‐clinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) and proximal left MCA. Cerebral angiography demonstrated 60% stenosis left supra‐clinoid ICA and 60% stenosis at the origin of the left MCA consistent with PTV. Left MCA stenosis improved to 20% post 10 mg intra‐arterial milrinone in the left ICA (Figure 1). The patient also received verapamil orally. Transcranial doppler demonstrated elevated peak systolic velocities at 298 cm/s in the left MCA and 276 cm/s in the left ICA. Six days later this improved to 150 cm/s in the left MCA and 151 cm/s in the left ICA. The patient continued to be unable to move her right side against gravity with dense expressive aphasia and dysarthria at discharge to inpatient rehabilitation. At follow‐up 4 weeks later, her right hemiparesis had improved significantly to being able to stand with assistance and her expressive aphasia had improved from one word to occasionally forming several word sentences.

 Conclusions
 : PTV is a potentially devastating complication of TBI. As our case demonstrates, the presence of mild TBI and absence of SAH may be falsely reassuring.
 2
 Additionally, our case report demonstrates that intra‐arterial milrinone causes radiographic improvement in PTV. Further studies are needed for the best screening and diagnostic exams for PTV and therapeutic interventions.


In 2015 in Latvia, livestock products accounted for 36.6 % of the total final value of agricultural production, including meat production – 15.5 % and egg production – 3.4 %. Beef and pork production stabilised in the last decade, mutton and goat meat production has tended to increase since 2010, while poultry and egg production has shown an increasing trend since 1999 in Latvia in the period 1995-2015. There are all preconditions for the development of these industries in Latvia, which allow expecting growth in the industries. It is determined by globalisation processes: the increasing world population and growing demand for food, rising incomes and change in eating habits. Livestock output is determined, to a great extent, by the number of agricultural animals kept. For this reason, it is important to project the population of agricultural animals for the period until 2050 in order to assess the development of the livestock industries. This paper reflects the projections elaborated by an econometric, recursive, dynamic, multi-period scenario model developed by the authors of this paper in 2016. The model has been developed according to the specifics of every agricultural industry and takes into account the trends in the industries. The present research on the livestock sector exploited only a part of the model functions – calculations were performed for cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and poultry. The results allowed to conclude that the processes in livestock industries were determined by diverse drivers, e.g. increase in productivity, expansion of large livestock farms, export opportunities and the market situation.


Variable-speed wind turbines are attractive to the high performance and are commonly used by the wind turbine industry today. They are based on variable-speed operation with pitch control using either a direct driven synchronous generator (without gearbox) or a doubly-fed induction generator. For both, there is an AC/DC/AC PWM converter that is used for wind turbine control and grid interface. The AC/DC/AC converter usually consists of a machine-side converter and a grid-side converter. In order for effective control and integration of variable-speed wind turbines with the electrical grid, it is important to understand the power control characteristics of the two PWM converters. This paper focuses on the analysis of decoupled d-q vector control approaches applied to the grid-side converter control in variable-speed wind turbines and studies the power control characteristics of the PWM converters through both steady-state and transient simulation techniques. A typical decoupled d-q control concept that has been widely used in the grid-side converter control is reviewed in the paper. Deficiencies of conventional d-q control mechanisms are discovered and analyzed both analytically and through computer simulation. An extensive simulation-based study, in both steady-state and transient, is performed to examine the characteristics of the grid- side converter under different d-q control conditions in variable- speed wind turbines.


Abstract Empirical research methods in Translation Studies have been used in Spain for a decade. The article touches upon the most recent studies carried out in Spain as well as the trends in current research. A research methodology based on the scientific method is proposed, and a research design to study the acquisition of translation competence in trainees is presented, including three original measuring instruments created for the study: the first instrument measures the translation notions of the students; the second one measures students' performance with translation problems; and the third one measures performance regarding translation errors.


A concept is not an isolated, ossified changeless formation, but an active part of the intellectual process, constantly engaged in serving communication, understanding, and problem solving.


Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of floor surface on lameness score and walking speed of crossbred cows under loose housing system. Crossbred cows (24) were selected and randomly assigned into one of the four groups (6 in each group) having different combination of flooring surface viz. T0-Concrete floor (in covered feeding area) + Brick paved (in open area), T1-Concrete (in covered feeding area) + Sand bed (in open area), T2- Rubber mat (in covered feeding area) + Sand bed (in open area) and T3- Rubber mat (in covered feeding area) + Brick paved (in open area). All experimental animals were scored for lameness using "Visual Lameness Scoring" (VLS) system on 1-5 scale. Walking speed of cows was also observed during experimental period. Lameness scores were significantly different between the groups. Lameness score were greater for cow housed in T3 and T0 group. However, lameness score were lower in cows housed in T1 and T2 group. Walking speed differed significantly between treatments and was greater in T2 and T1 than T3 and T0. Cow housed in T0 and T3 group walked slower compared to T1 and T2 group. Further, proportionally greater numbers of cows with higher lameness score were found in T0 and T3 group. It can be concluded that equipping open area with sand bed with either concrete or rubber mat in covered area improved animal welfare in term of decreasing lameness. While providing rubber mat alone with brick was comparable to concrete and brick.


A turbine flowmeter based on processor AT89C2051 is designed.By making full use of single chip's ability to calculate and control,the volume and speed of oil can be displayed instantly on liquid crystal display with serial data transfer.At the same time,the parameter of the turbine flowmeter can be changed so that the precision of the oil measurement can be promoted.It can economize system resources and meet the needs of high accuracy and short measuring time.


1. Spike activity was produced by external field stimulation of the guinea‐pig taenia coli. Spikes were evoked by depolarization of the muscle membrane. Though the activity was usually also observed during hyperpolarization, this was shown to be conducted activity from the depolarized region of the tissue. Spike conduction was blocked when hyperpolarization exceeded 10 mV.


This paper introduces the RWA problem in WDM optical Networks design and solves the RWA problem from the static-routing and wavelength algorithm and dynamic-routing and wavelength algorithm which according to the complexity of Networks and the number of node.In the static routing and wavelength algorithm,we design the relation of wavelength routing and store the net-node in accord to the business requirement and no-wavelength-switching in network and solve the static RWA problem.In the dynamic-routing and wavelength algorithm,we get the relation of wavelength and routing by theoretical analysis in accord ance to the wavelength-switching in network,so we can solve the dynamic RWA problem.


An analysis method of lane stripe images, an image analysis device and a non-transitory computer readable medium thereof are provided to perform steps of: setting a reference point as a center to recognize the lane stripe image in a plurality of default directions; defining a plurality of preset sections onto the lane stripe image and determining a characteristic value of the lane stripe image in each of the preset sections whenever the lane stripe image is recognized in one of the default directions; determining a first feature parameter according to the characteristic values of the lane stripe image in the preset sections when the lane stripe image is recognized in at least one of the default directions; and determining an actual lane parameter of the lane stripe image according to at least the first feature parameter.


The 5‐HTR2A gene has been implicated as candidate gene for eating disorders. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of rs6311 and rs6313 polymorphisms of 5‐HTR2A gene with eating disorders in Mexican population, and to evaluate if the polymorphisms of 5‐HTR2A gene were associated with comorbidities in eating behavior.


Government of Indonesia (GOI) has stated its intention to support the development of alternative energy sources including biofuel. As the basis for such a development, GOI through Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) has discussed it in many energy forums in order to shape a national blueprint for bioethanol and biodiesel. In 2004, total consumption of fossil fuel: gasoline, diesel, kerosene, pertamax and pertamax plus, were 60.06 million kilo Liters (kL), while total production from the existing refineries in Indonesia is only 44.9 million kL in 2005, leaving a deficit that should be imported.  Responding this situation, Medco Energi is committed to invest and initiate its entry by developing Indonesia's first multi-feedstock bioethanol production plant that able to produce ethanol from cassava-derived starch and sugarcane molasses. Biogas produced by the waste treatment facility will be used to optimize the overall energy efficiency. By mid of 2007, it is planned to produce 180 kL industrial-grade ethanol daily and a fuel-grade ethanol will be produced as the market grow. The paper is also described the socio economics and macroeconomic impact of this activities that representing a case study in developing countries that giving subsidize for fossil fuel to their people.


A series of fluoro-substituted poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene ether)s (P3O) with systematically varied structures were prepared. The properties of the polymers change significantly with the variations in the polymer structures. By increasing the number of fluorine substituents on P3O polymer, the melting points and the tendency to crystallize for these polymers decrease significantly. Random copolymers from fluoro-substituted 2,6-diphenylphenols and 2,6-diphenylphenol were also prepared. The influence of copolymer structure on the transition temperatures and crystallinity of the resulting copolymers is described. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


We discuss the algebraic dynamics on Markov cubics generated by Vieta involutions, in the tropicalized setting. It turns out that there is an invariant subset of the tropicalized Markov cubic where the action by Vieta involutions can be modeled by that of $(\infty,\infty,\infty)$-triangle reflection group on the hyperbolic plane. This understanding of the tropicalized algebraic dynamics produces some results on Markov cubics over non-archimedean fields, including the existence of the Fatou domain and finitude of orbits with rational points having prime power denominators.


Semantic segmentation has achieved great progress by exploiting the contextual dependencies. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end Semantic Constrained Attention ReFinement (SCARF) network, based on semantic constrained contextual dependencies, to fully utilize the semantic information across different layers. Our novelties lie in the following aspects: Firstly, we present a general framework for capturing the non-local contextual dependencies. Secondly, within the framework, we introduce an efficient Category Attention (CA) block to capture semantic-related context by using the category constraint from coarse segmentation, which reduces the computational complexity from O(n2) to O(n) for image with n pixels. Thirdly, we overcome the contextual information confusion problem by balancing the non-local contextual dependencies and the local consistency adaptively using a category-wise learning weight. Finally, we fully utilize the multi-scale semantic-related con-textual information by refining the segmentation iteratively across layers with semantic constraint. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that our SCARF network significantly improves the segmentation results and achieves superior performance 85.0% mIoU on PASCAL VOC 2012, 55.0% mIoU on PASCAL Context, and 82.1% mIoU on Cityscapes.


This chapter is a panel discussion in writing. The field of event-based systems finds researchers from a number of different backgrounds: distributed systems, streaming data, databases, middleware, and sensor networks. One of the consequences is that everyone comes to the field with a slightly different mindset and different expectations and goals. In this chapter, we try to capture some of the voices that are influential in our field. Seven panellists from academia and industry were invited to answer and discuss questions about event-based systems. The questions were distributed via email, to which each participant replied their initial set of answers. In a second round every panelist was given the opportunity to expand their statement and discuss the contributions of the other panellists. The questions asked can be grouped into two types. Questions in the first group refer to each participant's understanding of the basic concepts of event-based systems (EBS), the pros and cons of EBS, typical assumptions of the field and how they understood EBS to fit into the overall landscape of software architectures. The second group of questions pointed to the future of EBS, possible killer applications and the challenges that EBS researchers in academia and industry need to address in the medium and long term. The next section gives each panellist's initial statements as well as their comments to other participants' contributions. Each participant's section starts with a short introduction of the panellist and their work. In the final section, we compare and reflect on the statements and discussions that are presented by the seven panellists. Annika Hinze University of Waikato, New Zealand Jean Bacon University of Cambridge, UK Alejandro Buchmann Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Sharma Chakravarthy The University of Texas at Arlington, USA Mani Chandi California Institute of Technology, USA Avigdor Gal Israel Institute of Technology, Israel Dieter Gawlick Oracle Incorporated, USA Richard Tibbetts StreamBase Systems, USA DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-697-6.ch019


Through geospatial technology, land use and land use change in the watershed area and socio-economic drivers of change were analyzed. About 811 ha or 11.23% changed from mixed forest and unstocked forest to other used in the watershed. The slash and burn land area and rice field in the watershed are increased 693 ha and 79 ha, respectively. The built up land area was increased by 7 ha, while the fishpond increased by 8 ha. The major factors that affect the land use of the upper watershed include population change, migration, shifting cultivation, forest products, and non-timber forest products, fishpond development and land market demand. The information system management in the watershed needs to be improved and land use planning should be in place. Promotion of community-based forest management is needed to control the resources use and reduce the influx of migration from outsiders. Further, there is a need to formulate specific legal framework in forest resources used in this area, review of control measures in private forest land use, revision of land allocation in the watershed and improvement of cooperation among state organizations in the watershed. Preservation of current situation of forest is an emergent issue for consideration. Key words: Watershed, land use, land use change, effecting factors


Traditional technologies and machines for sowing cereals lead to increased water erosion on sloping fields and the washout of crops, respectively, causing a sharp decline in yields. The authors proposed anti-erosion technology and machinery for sowing cereals on sloping fields. The research aims to justify the parameters of the ridge forming machine for sowing cereals on sloping fields. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. Based on theoretical studies, analytical dependences for determining the parameters of a ridge forming machine in the form of a flat half-disk have been obtained. It was found that the ridge spreader's radius should be 19.5 cm, its height should be 39 cm, and the angle of the disk set to the direction of movement should be within the range of 28-30°.


This paper discusses the variations of reservoir permeability within uneonsolidatcd sands due to isotropic and devialoric (shear) processes during the SAGD process. Isotropic unloading results from the steam inspection pressure, which is generally higher than the initial reservoir pressure. The high steam injection pressure results in the increase of pore pressure and reduces the confining effective stress within the drained zone and part of the partially drained zone. The shearing process is induced primarily by changes in total stress but can also occur with increased pore pressures. High steam temperatures associated with the SAGD process result in significant volumetric expansion of the reservoir material within the steam chandler. Thus, total stress is increased and the shearing process may occur beyond the steam chamber surface. Both the isotropic unloading and shearing processes can induce reservoir permeability variation because of the change in pore space, pore shape, and pore throat. For isotropic unloading, the configuration of the grains or their relative position is, for the most part, unchanged and the grains simply move apart without relative rearrangement. Whereas the shearing process induces substantial relative motion of the grains and significant changes in pore geometry. Based on lab test results, it is summarized that the isotropic unloading process produces much smaller changes in volume, absolute permeability, and water effective permeability compared to the shearing process. Consequently, incorporating stress-induced permeability change within coupled reservoir gcorneehanical simulations requires different relationships or models for these two conditions. In addition, some empirical permeability relationships, such as the Kozeny-Cannan model, Tortike's equation, and Chardabellas's terms, arc also discussed.


The primary screen for potential carcinostatic agents currently used in these laboratories employs in vivo tests against four ascites tumors. Among ascites tumors, as among solid tumors, individual tumor types show specific and differing profiles of sensitivity. The "collective" sensitivity of the four ascites tumors used here covers a wide range of known carcinostatic agents, as shown in Table I. However, it has been necessary to test some agents against fewer than four neoplasms, because of limitations in compounds and/or host animal supplies. Since these screening data also contribute to an evaluation of ascites tumors for screening purposes, experimental results have been given in con siderable detail, replicate experiments have been included, and positive as well as negative screening data have been reported.


That responsible moral agency presupposes certain mental capacities, constitutes a widely accepted view among theorists. Moreover, it is often assumed that degrees in the development of the relevant capacities co-vary with degrees of responsibility. In this article it is argued that, the move from the view that responsibility requires certain mental capacities to the position that degrees of responsibility co-vary with degrees of the development of the mental capacities, is premature.


Plants have long been valued for their medicinal properties. The secret to efficient treatment is finding the right herb. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., "the guardian of herbs" regarding its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and emphasizing the relevance of a few key characteristics of this plant. This review covers a combination of all aspects from an aphrodisiac point of view that were missed by previous articles. This article is presented to include all of the most recent information on its phytochemical and pharmacological effects, which were investigated using a variety of approaches. The plant can be a suitable candidate to manage the long fought erectile dysfunction in men. The extract and the constituents have been found effective in inducing NO signaling pathway that has beneficial effects in initiation and maintenance of erection. It is an age-old plant that belongs to the family Fabaceae. G. glabra (Licorice) has been used in folk medicine all over the world for its ethnomedicinal characteristics, and has historically been recognized as a preventative treatment for stomach ulcers, according to pharmacological research. It comprises a wide range of biological actions, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, as well as others, for which it has been used to treat a variety of disorders ranging from simple cough to hepatitis, as well as more serious conditions like SARS and cancers. This study presents a critical, and thorough assessment of the current understanding of G. glabra composition and therapeutic potential. This article concludes that G. glabra is actually a potent herb that can cure almost all illnesses.
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It is well-known that there are significant challenges in the acquisition of systems, often related to cost, schedule, and performance. In this paper we formulate a model-based diagnostic approach that may be used to identify potential problems in an acquisition. The approach uses models of the components, their interactions, and behaviors of the specification of a planned acquisition. These models may then be compared with observations of an ongoing acquisition to identify possible problems. The approach to the model development and analysis is specified using formal mathematics. Several examples are shown to illustrate the application of the approach in the context of a "red team" that analyzed an enterprise acquisition that was in difficulty.


There are a number of applications for artificial conducting regions at a convenient ionospheric height and electron density. As a convenient means to this end, we have proposed and explored the production of high-electron-density regions in the atmosphere in daytime by suspension of low work function dust, specifically Cs-coated bronze in the atmosphere. Accretion of electrons and ions on dust particles and photoelectric emission from dust play the key role in getting a steady state dusty plasma with desired electron density at high altitudes (30-60 km). The basic equations of kinetics of dusty air in sunlight have been introduced and a numerical estimate of the day time electron density at 30- and 60-km altitudes (mid-latitudes) as a function of dust parameters has been obtained. A discussion of the numerical results is provided in this article. The present method offers the additional advantage of flexibility in height and the corresponding electron density.


The thesis provides a common view and approach to a problem of value added tax through the first two chapters which are dedicated to theoretical knowledges and specification of terms in this field. The other chapters are related to connections occuring during economic activities of entrepreneurs. Through examples presented from business experience of the company Vinagro, a.s. /joint-stock company/ the diploma work points out the importance of intimate knowledge and correct application of the VAT Act as well as its context with other legal regulations.


A copolymer comprising a plurality of constitutional units that correspond to one or more monomeric species branched olefin; a plurality of constitutional units that correspond to one or more monomeric species vinyl ether, wherein the monomer species vinyl ether is selected from monomeric species hydrolysable vinyl ether monomer species vinyl ether having a Tg greater than about 25 and wherein said copolymer is a block copolymer of formula X (POL-C-PVE) n, where X corresponds to an initiator species, C corresponds to a capping species which is a residue derived a diarylalkene, POL is an olefin block that comprises the plurality of constitutional units corresponding to said one or more monomeric species branched olefin, PVE is a block vinylether comprising the plurality of constitutional units that correspond with said one or more vinyl ether monomer species, and n is a positive integer ranging from 1 to 5.


pictures; and Level 3 requires a discrimination between three abstract pictures. The other track features auditory stimuli. In the case of each of the auditory stimuli that is presented throughout the TARPA protocol, there is a corresponding on-screen 'button'. The auditory stimulus is produced when its corresponding button first appears on the screen as well as when its button is touched as a means of selecting that auditory stimulus. In Stage 1, Level 1 of the auditory track requires a discrimination between a spoken nonsense syllable and no sound. Level 2 requires a Relational Ability in Young Children 48 discrimination between two spoken nonsense syllables and Level 3 requires a discrimination between three spoken nonsense syllables. Stage (2). This stage tests the participant's ability to learn conditional discriminations in which the sample and correct comparison are formally or physically similar and has two tracks (visual and auditory) with three levels in each track. Level 1 of the visual track involves a 2 choice conditional discrimination involving abstract pictures in which the designated correct comparison on each of the two task trials is identical to the sample. Level 2 is a 3 choice conditional discrimination involving abstract pictures in which the designated correct comparison on each of the three task trials is identical to the sample. Level 3 involves the same task type as Level 2 but tests generalised identity matching by presenting a different set of abstract stimuli on each trial (see Figure 2 [iv]). Level 1 of the auditory track (see Figure 2[v]) involves a 2 choice conditional discrimination involving nonsense syllables in which the designated correct comparison on each of the two task trials is identical to the sample. Level 2 is a 3 choice conditional discrimination involving nonsense syllables in which the designated correct comparison on each of the three task trials is identical to the sample. Level 3 involves the same task type as Level 2 but tests generalised identity matching by presenting a different set of nonsense syllables on each trial. Stage(3). This stage involves conditional discriminations in which the sample and comparison stimuli are formally dissimilar (see Figure 2[vi] for an example) referred to as arbitrary conditional discriminations) and includes four different stimulus modality tracks: Visual-Visual, Auditory-Visual 1, Auditory-Visual 2 and Auditory-Auditory. In addition each track is further subdivided into levels as follows: Relational Ability in Young Children 49 (1) Conditional discrimination (2) Mutual entailment, (3) Combinatorial entailment and (4) Transformation of function. Stage 3 Level 1 involves a two choice arbitrary conditional discrimination in which the designated correct comparison is physically dissimilar from the sample. In the Visual-Visual track, all stimuli are abstract pictures; in the Auditory-Auditory track, all stimuli are spoken nonsense syllables; in the Auditory-Visual 1 track, the samples are spoken nonsense syllables while the comparisons are abstract pictures; while in the Auditory-Visual 2 track, the samples are abstract pictures while the comparisons are spoken nonsense syllables. Stage 3 Level 2 tests for mutually entailed arbitrary relational responding and involves three sections. Section 1 (A  B) involves the same conditional discrimination as employed in Level 1. Section 2 (A  B Maintenance) involves the same conditional discrimination as in Section 1 but in the absence of reinforcement. Section 3 (B  A) tests for the mutually entailed counterpart relation to that probed in Sections 1 and 2. In the Visual-Visual and Auditory-Auditory tracks of Section 3, all stimuli are abstract pictures and spoken nonsense syllables respectively; in the Auditory-Visual 1 track, the samples are abstract pictures while the comparisons are spoken nonsense syllables; while in the Auditory-Visual 2 track, the samples are spoken nonsense syllables while the comparisons are abstract pictures. Stage 3 Level 3 tests for combinatorially entailed relational responding and involves six sections. Section 1 (A  B) involves the same conditional discrimination as employed in Level 1. Section 2 (A  B Maintenance) involves the same conditional discrimination as in Section 1 but in the absence of contingent reinforcement. Section 3 (C  B) involves a new conditional discrimination in which the comparison stimulus is the same as in Section 1 but the sample is a novel Relational Ability in Young Children 50 stimulus. Section 4 (C  B Maintenance) involves the same conditional discrimination as in Section 3 but in the absence of reinforcement. Section 5 (A  B; C  B) involves an assessment in the absence of reinforcement of both the previously trained and assessed conditional discriminations. Section 6 (A  C; C  A) tests for both the combinatorially entailed relations that can be derived from the previously trained unidirectional relations (i.e., A  B and C  B). In the VisualVisual and Auditory-Auditory tracks of Section 6, all stimuli are abstract pictures and spoken nonsense syllables respectively; in the Auditory-Visual 1 track, the A stimuli are spoken nonsense syllables while the B and C stimuli are abstract pictures; while in the Auditory-Visual 2 track, the A and C stimuli are spoken nonsense syllables while the B stimuli are abstract pictures. Stage 3 Level 4 tests for transformation of functions via the combinatorially entailed relations (i.e., A  C and C  A) tested for in the previous level and involves three sections. Section 1 tests for maintenance of both the trained (i.e., A  B and C  B) and tested combinatorially entailed (i.e., A  C and C  A) relations from the previous stage. Section 2 trains a discriminative function for each of the A stimuli; namely, waving in the presence of A1 and clapping in the presence of A2. Finally, Section 3 tests whether the C stimuli have acquired novel discriminative functions via derived relations (i.e., waving in the presence of C1 and clapping in the presence of C2). Relational Ability in Young Children


Detailed investigations using polarography and pulse Fourier transform multinuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry show that mercury(II) ions react with trimethyllead cations in seawater and other aqueous media according to the equation Hg/sup 2 +/ + ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/Pb)/sup +/..-->..CH/sub 3/Hg/sup +/ + Pb/sup 2 +/ + 2CH/sub 3/. This reaction may invalidate proposed methods for determining trimethyllead by anodic stripping voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode (in situ deposition of mercury) since mercury(II) ions are added in relatively high concentrations to the sample solution as part of the analytical procedure. While stripping techniques at the hanging mercury drop electrode do not suffer from this kind of interference, under oxygen-free conditions, transalkylation reactions at the electrode surface interfere with the direct determination of ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/Pb)/sup +/ in the presence of inorganic Pb(II) and double standard addition experiments are required to simultaneously determine both forms of lead. These experiments are inherently inaccurate and chromatographic or other separation techniques are recommended as a precursor for determing ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/Pb)/sup +/ in the presence of inorganic Pb(II).


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HACCP education on improvements of knowledge in school foodservice employees in Gyeonggi-do, particularly in Anyang, Ansan, Siheung and Hwasung City. A first and second questionnaire was answered both before and after HACCP education that was directed by a dietitian. The change in HACCP knowledge after education, as compared to before, was statistically significant(p<0.01). Specifically, the average score after education increased more than 30 points in CCP2 and CCP6, and more than 60 points in CCP3. Most of the school foodservice operations performed sanitary education once a month; however, they did not perform regular HACCP education. The fact that the level of sanitary knowledge was different after HACCP education than before suggests the possibility of improving the sanitary performance levels of foodservice employees through continual education.


In the roentgenologic examination of ulcerative colitis, the main interest has been focused on the lesions localized to the colon. On the other hand, only brief mention has generally been made in current literature of the roentgenologic aspects of the inflammatory process in the rectum. I n the present investigation, the rectum and the perirectal tissue have been studied from the roentgen-diagnostic point of view, in the series of ulcerative colitis of which a n account is given elsewhere in this imue by Ehrenpreis et al. (1). The object was to correlate the changes demonstrated at roentgenologic examination with those observed at proctoscopy, a t operation and in excised specimens. In addition, an attempt has been made to analyze the value of roentgenologic studies of the rectum, regarding both the choice of operative method, and evaluation of the effect on the rectum when, after colectomy, it has been anastomozed to the ileum, or isolated.


Several studies reveal that, regardless of the type of profession or occupation that is being carried out, psychosocial risk factors impact health, being also detrimental to the productivity and competitiveness of the company (1). MethodologyThe present study is cross-sectional and correlational, with the objective of determining the prevalence of Psychosocial Risk Factors and their association with the general state of selfperceived health. 359 surveys were applied to workers of various professions and occupations of the economically active population (EAP) of Colombia, chosen at random. It is a non-representative sample. The instruments applied are; the scale of Psychosocial Factors at Work (2), and; Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) abbreviated version of 30 items. (3).ResultsThe results show a high prevalence with 32.6% in the psychosocial labor requirements factor; However, the significant association risk factor that represents self-perceived mental health involvement is located with the Social Interaction and Organizational Aspects (p <0.00, OR = 3.973) and the workload (p <0.00, OR = 3.181). Conclusions. The study shows how the greatest emotional demands are the result of deficiencies in the design, organization and management of work, as well as the limited social context of work. These psychosocial factors can be prevented, which constitutes the challenge of conducting similar studies, focused on the empirical evidence of this phenomenon and thus generate efforts for a safe and healthy work culture.


Introduction by the United States AT89C2051 microcontroller ATMEL Corporation and Toshiba Corporation of THB6064H chip stepper motor driver consisting of a stepper motor control system.Control methods such low cost, easy implementation, performance, stability, and stepper motor drive system are a good selection.


Disparities in health reflect the differences in the incidence, prevalence, burden of disease and access to care determined by socio‐economic and environmental factors. With liver disease, these disparities are exacerbated by a combination of limited awareness and preventable causes of morbidity and mortality in addition to the diagnostic and management costs. Sub‐Saharan Africa, comprising 11% of the world's population, disproportionately has 24% of the global disease burden, yet allocates <1% of global spend on health. It has 3% of the global healthcare workforce with a mean of 0.8 healthcare workers per 1000 population. Barriers to healthcare access are many and compounded by limited civil registration data, socio‐economic inequalities, discrepancies in private and public healthcare services and geopolitical strife. The UN 2014 report on the Millennium Development Goals suggest that sub‐Saharan Africa will probably not meet several goals, however with HIV/AIDS and Malaria (goal 6), many successes have been achieved. A 2010 Global Burden of Disease study demonstrated that cirrhosis mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa doubled between 1980 and 2010. Aetiologies included hepatitis B (34%), hepatitis C (17%), alcohol (18%) and unknown in 31%. Hepatitis B, C and alcohol accounted for 47, 23 and 20% of hepatocellular carcinoma respectively. In 10%, the underlying aetiology was not known. Liver disease reflects the broader disparities in healthcare in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, many of these challenges are not insurmountable as vaccines and new therapies could comprehensively deal with the burden of viral hepatitis. Access to and affordability of therapeutics remains the major barrier.


There has been considerable scholarly and practical attention paid to the importance of client requirements in shaping project outcomes over the last few decades. The focus has hitherto been placed on trying to better comprehend and elaborate on the nuances and implications of the nature of the client and their needs. Contemporarily, there is recognition within the field of project management that the concept of the 'client' is socially constituted through discursive practices in project contexts. However, much extant work appears to conceptualize the 'client' and client activities as a significant input into the ways projects are realized. In this article, the point of departure lies in reconceptualizing the 'project' as a potentially critical resource in shaping and reifying the 'client'. This reconceptualization draws on a single case study of CorporateCo and its endeavour to move in to a new head office site. Possibilities of the building project in stimulating changes in CorporateCo's organizational practices, and projecting images of what modern ways of working might look like are detected. The findings open up fresh lines of inquiry to broaden the boundaries of what constitutes a project and their role as an epistemic object to facilitate organization change.


In this interview we discuss results of the HYBRID trial, which tested a hypofractionated regimen of 36 Gy over six fractions in elderly muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who were ineligible for standard treatments.


Abstract The steady flow of remittances due to financial integration has grabbed the attention of academicians and policy advisors. Despite the growing importance of remittances, the study on the relationship between remittances and financial development in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa remains unexplored. Thus, this paper analyses the effect of remittances on financial development. It also investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between remittances and financial development using annual data of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 1990 to 2019. Three different financial development indicators are used: domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, bank deposit as a percentage of GDP, liquid liabilities as a percentage of GDP. The study employs the fixed and random effect model, Johansen Cointegration tests, vector error correction model, and Wald tests for analysis. The results suggest a positive effect of remittances on bank deposits. It indicates that a 1% increase in remittances leads to a 4.5% increase in bank deposits. The study also reveals the long-run relationship between remittances and bank deposits and the absence of a short-run relationship between remittances and financial development. The main implications of the study can be predicted as remittances allow the accumulation of savings in the long run and provide the platform for the unbanked recipients to utilize certain financial products and services. The absence of a short-run relationship indicates that remittances are utilized mainly for consumption in the short run. However, it can be recommended that BRICS economies should make every effort to increase the remittance inflows through reduced transaction costs and tax benefits in remittance-led investment or banks to bank deposits with competitive deposit rates for the diaspora.


Application Having access to accurate information on pasture quantity and quality attributes is important for successful management of grazing ruminants and efficient pasture production. Understanding soil physical characteristics and fertility levels are also important. All of these have been difficult to measure and characterise to the level of detail required to assist on-farm management in calculating dietary requirements. Recent developments in remote and proximal sensing should make it possible to increase the range, frequency and reliability of pasture measurement, informing the grower of current production and providing a sound basis for forecasting future productivity with greater accuracy. Controlled traf fi c farming (CTF) systems aim to reduce soil compaction by restricting machinery fi eld traf fi c to permanent traf fi c lanes. Grass-clover silage production is generally associated with intensive fi eld traf fi c, resulting in reduced silage clover content. If CTF can increase yield and clover content in grass-clover leys, this would reduce the need for grain and expensive protein concentrate in dairy cow feed rations. A mixed integer programming model was developed to evaluate the potential pro fi tability of CTF in a dairy farm context. Existing fi eld trial data were used to calculate the expected yield outcome of CTF, based on reductions in traf fi cked area. The results revealed that CTF increased pro fi tability by up to €50/ha. Total machinery costs are likely to increase on converting to CTF, but variable machinery costs are likely to decrease. 3 analysis on 13% in for 2 and 3 cut grass £38 ha and £98 ha − 1. CTF for multi-cut grass silage Great technological advances have been made in Precision Agriculture (PA) in the past decade, yet adoption of PA in intensive grassland areas in North West Europe is low. This is despite the fact that in these areas the market structures are suitable and there are highly developed agricultural and food industries offering great potential for the application of new technology. Speci fi c inef fi ciencies in plant nutrient management in soil exist, which are not only limiting grass yields but are also causing environmental deterioration. Soil nutrient management ef fi ciency could be greatly improved using PA techniques, but the complexity of grassland systems, coupled with a lack of calibration of sensors speci fi c to grassland, together with local barriers, appear to be the reasons why PA adoption is poor in these areas. This paper reviews new and existing technology including soil and crop sensors, navigation devices, remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicles. The suitability and readiness of these technologies for adoption in grassland areas is discussed, along with data interpretation issues, future perspectives and research opportunities. Full papers are available at: Advances in Animal Biosciences: Precision Agriculture (ECPA) 2017, (2017), 8:2, pp 782–786 © The Animal Consortium 2017 doi:10.1017/S2040470017000668 A 'chessboard' fi eld experiment set up to investigate how the yield response to nitrogen (N) fertiliser varied spatially within a fi eld in the UK indicated that the optimum N rate varied substantially by up to 100 kg N/ha within the three hectare experimental area. Variation in N optima was negatively related to the soil N supply. However, soil N supply, yield potential and apparent fertiliser recovery rate were inter-related which meant that the in fl uence of each element on N optima was complex. Spectral re fl ectance indices related well to crop N uptake and could be used to help estimate soil N supply. In this study, we investigated the potential of airborne imaging spectroscopy for in-season grassland yield estimation. We utilized an unmanned aerial vehicle and a hyperspectral imager to measure radiation, ranging from 455 to 780 nm. Initially, we assessed the spectral signature of fi ve typical grassland species by principal component analysis, and identi fi ed a distinct re fl ectance difference, especially between the erectophil grasses and the planophil clover leaves. Then, we analyzed the re fl ectance of a typical Norwegian sward composition at different harvest dates. In order to estimate yields (dry matter, DM), several powered partial least squares (PPLS) Yield and landscape are commonly used to guide management zone delineation. However, production system choice and management can interact with landscape attributes and weather. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage yield and soil properties in three landscape de fi ned (elevation based) management zones, and under two different grazing systems. Changes in soil properties (soil strength, bulk density, moisture, bioavailable nutrients) and forage productivity (biomass), as related to grazing management and management zone, were measured. Bulk density, moisture, and forage biomass were greater at higher elevation. Soil strength decreased as elevation increased, and was greater near-surface after winter grazing ended. The response of landscape delineated management zones varied with extreme weather conditions and treatment. Lower zones were more sensitive to weather extremes than higher elevations, directly affecting biomass accumulation. In conclusion, we observed interactions between the grazing treatments and the management zones. Full papers are available at: Advances in Animal Biosciences: Precision Agriculture (ECPA) 2017, pp This study aims to evaluate actual biomass and N-uptake estimates with the Yara N-Sensor in intensively managed grass swards across several trial sites in Europe. The dataset was split by location into an independent calibration data (UK and Finland) and a validation data (Germany) for the fi rst two cuts. Yara N-Sensor readings were better correlated with The main objective of this work was to evaluate technologies that have potential for monitoring aspects related to spatial and temporal variability of soil nutrients and pasture yield and for support to decision making by the farmers. Three types of sensors were evaluated: an electromagnetic induction sensor, an active optical sensor and a capacitance probe. The results are relevant for the selection of the adequate sensing system for each particular application and to open new perspectives for other works that would allow the testing, calibration and validation of the sensors in a wider range of pasture production conditions and rainfall patterns, characteristic of the Mediterranean region. Full papers are available at: Advances in Animal Biosciences: Precision Agriculture (ECPA) 2017, Application Characterizing the spatial variability of soil properties decision-making for electrical resistivity (ER) of the soil is of soil texture and structure and soil Application Water quality management tools usually focus on losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), missing the other important factors of sediment and E.c oli . MitAgator is a spatial modelling tool that helps manage all four key losses from pasture. uptake Application Agri-tech learning modules taught in high schools will inform students of the latest innovations in agriculture and inspire them to consider further education and/or a career in the field, securing workforce capacity. Application In a low pressure grazing system, BarOptima tall fescue was grazed more frequently than other tall fescue cultivars, whether they were endophyte-free or infected with a novel or toxic endophyte. (E+) (E-) study conducted to determine if cattle would preferentially select E++ cultivars in a low pressure grazing system. Material and methods Eight cultivars of tall fescue were planted in 9 x 12 m plots in Linneus, MO, USA and grazed by non-lactating beef cattle fitted with Loteck GPS collars (Newmarket, Ontario, Canada). Plots were grazed between March and November five times in 2013 and four times in 2014. Grazing events began when forage reached 2500 to 3000 kg/ha and concluded when one plot reached 8 cm in height. Grazing events ranged from 10 to 22 h and averaged 15 h. Latitude and longitude were recorded every 5 min to indicate cattle location within plots. Altitude and angle of head were also recorded every 5 min to calculate head up/down and indicate active grazing. Cattle were considered loafing when sensors indicated that the head was up and the distance between consecutive points was less than 1 m. After each event, plots were clipped and the clippings removed. Forage samples were collected from each plot and analysed for crude protein, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Experimental data were statistically analysed by PROC GLIMMIX (SAS Application Collars housing i-gotU global positioning system (GPS) receivers can be constructed for 10 to 20% of the cost of commercial collars. Accuracy of recorded positions is similar to Lotek GPS 3300 collars, but the i-gotU collars miss from 26 to 34% of the positions scheduled to be recorded. The i-gotU receiver is a low-cost alternative to track cattle for many, but not all, rangeland research scenarios. Application Wormer resistance is a problem in livestock grazing systems worldwide. The rate of development of wormer resistance can be slowed by leaving some worms unexposed to drugs, by targeted dosing using precision farming methods. This approach was tested on hill/upland sheep flocks. Application Using EID technology for sheep management on hill farms, based upon recording animal live weights at certain points throughout the year, can improve profitability and resilience. Application This study indicates that the RumiWatch technology is reliable for observing and recording detailed grazing activities in a pasture based system and may be used for research and management purposes in a grazing environment. Application An automatic noseband sensor has proved a valuable tool for the assessment of the nocturnal behavior of grazing cows on pasture. In this study the grazing behavior was not


background on the topic of river restoration and motivate the importance of the evaluation of the hydrogeological conditions. Appropriate citations underline the relevance of the topic. Materials and methods, as well as results are generally explained and described in an adequate way. Some details should be added to the description of the selected sites and the on-site experimental setup. Unfortunately, the discussion and conclusion sections, fail to to properly evaluate the data, especially, to correllate the temperature measurements with the exchange processes between groundand surface water.


Along with the development of their singular thesis, NAAD students participate in a pilot experiment, with the support of Giovanni Vecchiato Researcher of the Parma University Dept. Neuroscience, Disma Lamon of Micromed Venice area, and Fabrizio Terranova and Gabriele Leonardi of Symmetrical Rome, under the supervision of Davide Ruzzon, NAAD Master Director and Scientific Responsible. This experiment was focused on the evaluation of the cerebral cortex activation during the perception of different architectural settings. Six indoor spaces cut off from existing buildings or projects have been reshaped according to the theories studied during the Course, with the aim to permit more easily to the space to trigger users motor imagination through embodied simulations fostered by the multi-sensory perception.


Inspiration design colour applying colour to fabric machine embroidery techniques from embroidery into landscape mounting and presentation work in progress.


The reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with n-Bu3N in the presence of TiCl4 gave the corresponding α-ethylcinnamaldehydes in 18–31% yield; when p-chlorobenzaldehyde was used, p-chlorobenzyl alcohol was also isolated besides α-ethyl-p-chlorocinnamaldehyde.


This research investigates the use of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in ancient architecture and lacquer art. The aim is to create accurate and interpretable models to reveal these cultural artefacts' underlying design principles and techniques. To achieve this, machine learning and data-driven techniques are employed, which provide new insights into their construction and preservation. The study emphasises the importance of transparent and trustworthy AI systems, which can enhance the reliability and credibility of the results. The developed model outperforms CNN-based emotion recognition and random forest models in all four evaluation metrics, achieving an impressive accuracy of 92%. This research demonstrates the potential of XAI to support the study and conservation of ancient architecture and lacquer art, opening up new avenues for interdisciplinary research and collaboration.


Electrooxidation of norepinephrine in the presence a nucleophile was investigated on a bare gold electrode. Electrochemically produced norepinephrinequinone undergoes an attack by morpholine as nucleophile via 1,4-Michael addition. The reaction products were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The procedure used was suitable for quantitative norepinephrine determination in the concentration range from 1×10−9 M to 8×10−4 M with a detection limit of 8.7×10−10 M in a samples containing an excess of ascorbic and uric acids. The proposed method is simple, green which means that it does not require the use of toxic compounds and solvents and thus is promising for detection of norepinephrine in physiological environment.


My invention relates to a fog-inhibited: hydro carbon product. as a composition of matter, and to the treatment of hydrocarbon, products to eliminate or inhibit "fogs' therein. The term "fog," as herein used, does not refer to the aerosol type of fog but, rather, to the cloudiness caused by the presence of minute drop lets of an aqueous medium suspended in a hydro carbon product. In the present application the: term "hydrocarbon products' is used with ref erence to transparent or semi-transparent hydro carbon products, usually but not invariably over head fractions. Such as gasoline, kerosene, Diesel fuel, stove oil, gas oil, cleaners solvent, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. . Many hydrocarbon products found in com merce contain dissolved water which is precipi table when subjected to reduction in temperature or other changes in equilibrium, resulting in the precipitation of droplets which are visible as a fog. In other instances, hydrocarbon products are encountered which contain such fogs. Such precipitates are detrimental to the value of such products. This is particularly true in the trans parent or semi-transparent hydrocarbon oils where, such fogs make the oil less desirable and affect...the merchantability of the oil. Particular examples of this might be kerosene, gasoline, stove oil, and the like, which are frequently manu factured in the warmer climate of the Gulf Coast States and then shipped and stored in the Nor thern States with the result that the oils become fogged or cloudy, even though originally clear and bright. This invention in its principal aspects is con cerned with the prevention; elimination or Sup pression of fog due to precipitation of water par ticles in hydrocarbon products: arising from various causes, particularly temperature drop, instability resulting. from super-saturation, etc. This objective is accomplished by the use of minute: quantities of additives; as hereinafters described. The invention is important in con nection with fogs caused by any precipitated: aqueous phase. Or dilute aqueous: Solution, e.g., a dilute solution; of an acid; salt, base, or organic' compound, as: Well as: pure: Water. Fol' sake of convenience, any. Such aqueous-media are: here iiafter referred to merely as: Water in view of the fact that it is the aqueous content, which gives rise to the problems here solved: Another important aspect, from: the practical standpoint, is the prevention of the precipitation: of water from: hydrocarbon distillates and other products of conventional refining: processes; 9 Claims, (Cl. 44-0)


T H E aetiology of aseptic meningitis in anyone area during one season is known to be complex (Elvin-Lewis & Melnick, 1959) but usually only one or two enteroviruses are responsible for the majority of the cases in the outbreak. This was the case in Aberdeen in 1959 when most of the cases of aseptic meningitis were thought to be due to Coxsackie group B type 5 virus during the latter half and an unidentified virus during the first half of the epidemic. A few cases of Coxsackie group B type 2 infection were also seen. The unidentified virus has now been shown to have the properties of a member of the ECHO group and to be serologically identical with the Frater virus of Dr Duncan isolated during the same period in Glasgow (Duncan, 1960).


Data is ubiquitous in today's society: we track our locations with GPS; we record the number of steps each day using pedometers; we digitally record daily life with pictures and videos; etc. To interpret and to understand the data requires both technical theory to find important features of the data and application expertise to interpret those features. My research is primarily in the technical theory used to find important features of data. In particular, my research is an interdisciplinary approach to topological data analysis (TDA). TDA refers to a collection of methods for extracting topological structure from data. My approach to TDA employs statistics and is application-oriented. In this statement, I describe two current research projects illustrating both the broad spectrum of possible applications for my research as well as a specific application. In both projects, I have made novel contributions and published in premiere peer-reviewed venues. As a faculty member, I plan to continue both developing the theoretical foundations and employing the theory in practical applications. In the first project, I describe a statistical approach to persistent homology. We can summarize data in various ways. One way is to use persistent homology, a description of the (in nontechnical words) components, tunnels, and voids of the topological space represented by the data. However, persistent homology is cumbersome to use directly in order to compare data sets or to recognize meaningful features. I turn to statistics to overcome this problem. In the second project, I work on evaluating road network reconstructions from GPS trajectory data based on both the geometry and the topology of the embedding. The datasets studied in this application are the maps created from trajectory data. I have helped develop the theory to measure the difference between two datasets, and have applied this to various real and hypothetical datasets.


The vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of OCS via the F 31Π Rydberg states was investigated in the range of 134–140 nm by means of the time-sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. The images of S(1D2) products from the CO(X1Σ+)+S(1D2) dissociation channel were acquired at five photolysis wavelengths, corresponding to a series of symmetric stretching vibrational excitations in OCS(F 31Π, υ1=0–4). The total translational energy distributions, vibrational populations and angular distributions of CO(X1Σ+, υ) coproducts were derived. The analysis of experimental results suggests that the excited OCS molecules dissociate to CO(X1Σ+) and S(1D2) products via non-adiabatic couplings between the upper F 31Π states and the lower-lying states both in the C∞υ and Cs symmetry. Furthermore, strong wavelength dependent behavior has been observed: the greatly distinct vibrational populations and angular distributions of CO(X1Σ+, υ) products from the lower (υ1=0–2) and higher (υ1=3, 4) vibrational states of the excited OCS(F 31Π, υ1) demonstrate that very different mechanisms are involved in the dissociation processes. This study provides evidence for the possible contribution of vibronic coupling and the crucial role of vibronic coupling on the vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics.


The effects of TMOs and their mixtures on the burning rate and the pressure exponent of the aluminum magnesium fuel rich propellant for unchoked ducted rocket are investigated.The experimental results show that the ferric oxide can effectively increase the burning rate of the aluminum magnesium fuel rich propellant,and TMO mixture such as cobalt oxide/chromium oxide,copper oxide/chromium oxide,can notably increase the burning rate of the aluminum magnesium fuel rich propellant.The fuel rich propellant with some TMO mixtures such as cobalt oxide/chromic oxide,copper oxide/chromic oxide,and ferric oxide/copper oxide,shows high pressure exponent.