In our research, the antiradical activity (% inhibition DPPH) as quality indicator of selected species of small berry fruits were observed. The analysis of their antiradical activity have shown that the highest values of inhibition of DPPH were found in blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) (78.95 %) and lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) (68.89 %). The lowest values were found in bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) from area Stara Ľubovňa (50.54 %) and red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) (51.51 %). Between all selected species were recorded statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Generally, small berries are consumed because of their attractive colour and special taste. The objective of this research is to highlight on their the health benefits because are considered one group of the richest sources of natural antioxidants with higher antiradical activity. Keywords: small berries, antiradical activity, antioxidants, DPPH


With recent advances in hardware and wireless communication techniques, wireless multimedia sensor network which collects multimedia data through wireless sensor network has started to receive a lot of attentions from many researchers. Wireless multimedia sensor network requires a research of efficient compression and transmission to process the multimedia data which has large size, in the wireless sensor network that has very low network bandwidth. In this paper, we propose PIT protocol for the transmission based on the priority that classified by the DPCM compression. The PIT protocol sets different priority to the each subbands which are divided by the wavelet transform. The PIT protocol transmits the data with higher priority to guarantee the high image quality. The PIT protocol uses the characteristic of wavelet transform that the transformed image is very insensible to the data loss. In PIT protocol, each subbands of wavelet transformed image has fair weight in the compressed image to utilize the prioriy based transmission. The experiment results show that the PIT protocol improves the quality of image in spite of data loss.


Objective: To explore the meaning of homocysteine(HCY), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(HS-CRP), lipoprotein a [LP(a)] and D-dimer(DD) joint detection applied to the duration of coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods: All 198 patients with different patterns of CHD including 46 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI), 54 cases of stable angina pectoris(SAP), 56 cases of unstable angina pectoris(UAP) and 42 cases of latent coronary heart disease(silent myocardial ischemia, SMI) were taken as CHD group, at the same time, 216 healthy persons who were qualified in physical examinations were established as the control group, the levels of HCY,HS-CRP, LP(a) and DD were detected respectively. Results: CHD group was obviously higher than the control group in the contents of HCY, HS-CRP, LP(a) and DD(P0.05), the indexes above of the control group were distributed in the normal ranges. AMI group and UAP group were eividently higher than SAP group and SMI group in the contents of HCY, HS-CRP, LP(a) and DD(P0.05); the contents of HCY, HS-CRP, LP(a) and DD were raised gradually as the progression of CHD was developed; four indexes positive rates of joint detection in UAP group,SAP group, AMI group were higher than single item positive rate of HCY, HS-CRP, LP(a) and DD(P0.05); four indexes positive rates in SMI group, UAP group, SAP group and AMI group and single index positive rate were gradually improved as CHD prolonged. Conclusion: Joint detection of HCY, HS-CRP, LP(a) and DD could reflect CHD patients' conditions better, they could be sensitive indexes of evaluating CHD patients' conditions, and they own important clinical values for the prediction, early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of CHD.


The question of completeness of the spectral domain of harmonizable processes has been open for some years. An example is given of a harmonizable process whose spectral domain is not complete. This shows that a recent result which claims the completeness of all such spectral domains is false.


Abstract Cultural heritage can play a very important role in local and regional development with economic and social effects. The European Union (EU) outlined a specific measure that is aimed at the protection and development of rural heritage within rural development policy in the programming period of 2007–2013. The main aim of this paper is to assess economic and social impacts of projects supported by EU Rural Policy in the Czech Republic during the period of 2007–2013. The implemented projects were located mainly in peripheral rural areas, both near to borders and in inner peripheries, which means that the measure was geographically well targeted. The results of the measure contribute to the restoration and reconstruction of historical monuments, churches, cemeteries and small sacral monuments which create an environment in rural settlements. This environment is very important for the community life and strengthening local identity. In the field of economic development, the results of this measure demonstrate only limited effects in supported villages.


PURPOSE: To provide a system and a method for automatically setting an approval response option when the prescribed content of distribution data is detected in a data processing system. CONSTITUTION: A user gives a command for transmitting distribution data to a receiver for the data processing system 11 after the user generates distribution data. The prescribed content of distribution data is searched before distribution data is actually transmitted. When the distribution data includes the prescribed content, prescribed affirmative response options are combined and they are transmitted to the receiver with distribution data. The approval response option is to return an approval response message or a signal to a transmitter when the receiver receives or operates distribution data.


More than 300 million Indigenous Peoples around the world experience systematic racism and oppression including Europe's Roma people.Millions of people including asylum seekers in the UK are 'Citizens of Nowhere, forgotten by governments, ignored by census takers, amongst the World's poorest and most disenfranchised.' (Mydans, 2007). In 2001, 1% of the World's population owned 40% of the World's wealth whilst 50% of the population owned 1% of the wealth. Globally, around a billion people are living on less than US$1 a day including half of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa. In the UK in 2004/5, 3.4 million children were living in relative poverty. Are these the contours of social exclusion? Disadvantaged groups are an important part of the problem but this approach to understanding may be a significant barrier to effective action to address social exclusion. The concept of social exclusion was originally developed in Europe. Despite resistance in places such as Sub-Saharan Africa, where concepts such as human rights, sustainable development, poverty and basic needs have greater salience, the concept has spread rapidly around the world partly due to its adoption by powerful organisations such as the World Bank. There are two broad approaches to defining social exclusion and different actions flow from each. The most common is the shopping list approach in which exclusion describes a 'state' experienced by particular groups, for example, indigenous peoples, the poor, the homeless, the mentally ill, people with disabilities, who are excluded from a never-ending shopping list of things including:


Atherosclerosis affects the arterial blood vessels causing stenosis because of which the artery hardens resulting in loss of elasticity in the affected region. In this paper, we present: an approach to model the fluid-structure interaction through such an atherosclerosis affected region of the artery, The blood is assumed as an incompressible Newtonian viscous fluid, and the vessel wall was treated as a thick-walled, incompressible and isotropic material with uniform mechanical properties. The numerical simulation has been studied in the context of The Navier-Stokes equations for an interaction with an elastic solid. The study of fluid flow and wall motion was initially carried out separately, Discretized forms of the transformed wall and flow equations, which are coupled through the boundary conditions at their interface, are obtained by control volume method and simultaneously to study the effects of wall deformability, solutions are obtained for both rigid and elastic walls. The results indicate that d...


We present thirty new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon dates for intermediate to silicic plutons of the Northern Cascade Arc with emphasis on the Chilliwack batholith – Mount Baker magmatic focus, located in southwestern British Columbia and northern Washington. Chilliwack magmatism commenced at ∼35 Ma in southwestern British Columbia and the most voluminous plutons define a cluster at ∼32–29 Ma, documenting an early flare-up. During the same interval, the Index, Squire Creek, and Cascade Pass intrusions were emplaced south of the Chilliwack batholith. North of the Chilliwack, maximum pluton ages become progressively younger northward, tracking the northerly migration of the edge of the Farallon–Juan de Fuca–Explorer plate system relative to North America. Chilliwack magmatism continued from ∼29 Ma to 22 Ma at a slightly reduced flux, followed by a lull from 22 to 11 Ma during which magmatism shifted north to the Mount Barr batholith (18 Ma). Chilliwack magmatism res...


This volume considers current economic problems in the USA, develops a stakeholder model of corporate decision making, explores growing diversity and the need for attention to more basic negotiation processes, and explores new conceptions of interaction for improving corporate decision making.


Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) play an essential role in establishing and maintaining immune tolerance. Indeed, Foxp3 deficiency, non-functional or hypomorphic mutations in Foxp3 gene, induce severe systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disorders observed in Scurfy mice and in immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) patients [1, 2].


DECOLONIZATION IS SURELY AMONG the most significant events or processes of the twentieth century. In the span of less than two decades, longstanding European empires in Africa, Asia, and beyond were largely dismantled to create dozens of new nation-states, and with them a new geopolitical landscape. The magnitude of change was immense: in Africa alone, more than fifty new states were created, beginning in the 1950s.1 The United Nations provides another example of the scale of geopolitical transformation that decolonization precipitated. From its inception in 1945 to 2002, membership in the United Nations went from 51 to 191; "most of these new members," Raymond Betts notes in his study Decolonization, "came from the failed colonial empires."2 Indeed, one can suggest without hyperbole that decolonization fundamentally shapes the world we live in. While this may be true, such an accounting emphasizes decolonization as a political event, one "whereby colonial powers transferred institutional and legal control over their territories and dependencies to indigenously based, formally sovereign nation-states."3 A focus on this "transfer of power" was once the mainstay of historiography on decolonization, but as more recent scholarship has recognized, such a focus narrows our understanding of decolonization, limiting it to an event, and tying it to a moment. Decolonization in this mode of narration is discrete, delimited, finite; from a nationalist perspective, decolonization becomes a moment of arrival. The formal transfer of power from colonial to national governments is of course crucial to any understanding of decolonization. But decolonization—for all the elegant simplicity of the term—is more complex and difficult to define; the transfer of power is one aspect of a broader historical process, the exact contours of which have thus far defied any historiographical consensus.4


The avallablhty of mexpenslve, large mam memories coupled with the demand for faster response time are brmgmg a new perspective to database technology Designers of database systems are reconsldermg the assumption that databases must reside on disk during transactlon processmg Subatantlal performance gams can be achieved by makmg a large portlon of, or the entlre database, reside m mam memory One approach 1s to use very large buffers to Improve conventional disk access methods A more radical approach 1s to view the database as part of the user's address space m mam memory, rather than as a collection of mass-storage files This leads to the advent of Main Memory Database Systems (MMDBS's), which exploit memory residency of the database m their schemes for physical data organlzatlon, query optnnlzatlon, concurrency control and crash recovery


Background and Objectives Search for inexpensive laboratory markers have identified associations between blood counts and lung cancer outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of paraneoplastic leukocytosis (p-Leukocytosis) and paraneoplastic thrombocytosis (p-Thrombocytosis) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also studied their relation to the expression of commonly detected molecular markers. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on 571 consecutive NSCLC patients over a 10 year period. Blood counts were recorded at the time of cancer diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare overall survival (OS) between patients with and without p-Leukocytosis (or) p-Thrombocytosis (p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis). Cox regression was used to determine if leukocytosis/thrombocytosis was a predictor of OS in NSCLC. Results Patients with p-Leukocytosis and p-Thrombocytosis had a significantly poorer survival compared patients with normal blood counts (P < 0.001). In a multivariate survival analysis, both continued to correlate even when adjusted for histology, gender, stage and chemotherapy (P < 0.01, 0.03 respectively). Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ NSCLC with p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis did not perform poorly compared to stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ NSCLC patients without paraneoplasia. Patients with the combined leukothrombocytosis syndrome did not have worse outcomes compared to those with either paraneoplastic syndrome alone. Conclusions p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis is an accessible laboratory parameter of prognostic value in NSCLC. Evidence of p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis portends poor survival. The role of various cytokines in tumor pathobiology provides a rationale for identifying cytokine factors responsible for the paraneoplasia and administering anti-cytokine therapies alongside traditional chemotherapy in an attempt to improve survival outcomes in these subset of patients.


This inquiry uses an anthropological construal of metaphor to argue for the multi-vocal presence of symbolic meanings in the marketplace. Metaphoric imagery is described as it emanates from marketers, popular culture media and consumers with respect to the product area of hair care. We identify two primary deep metaphors for hair: (1) a living organism requiring nourishment and hydration; and (2) a malleable structure that may be subjected to design and utilized as apparel, accessory, or protection. This theoretical approach is compared to two others currently `in play' in marketing: the Brands-as-Icons model of Holt (2004) and the Meaning Management Model of McCracken (2005).


The article discusses the issue of the individual characteristics of the development of theoretical thinking in the early adolescence. It introduces the idea of the relationship of formal-dynamic features of thinking and meaningful mental operations. As an indicator of the development of theoretical thinking is considered meaningful planning. The typology of planning action considered in the article is based on the distinction of positions encountered in educational activities.The study presents the results of a correlation analysis, on the basis of which a relationship is established between the types of planning actions (meaningful operation of theoretical thinking) and cognitive styles of field dependence-independence, lability- rigidity, concreteness-generality (formal-dynamic features of thinking).


Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) have undergone a variety of chemistry evolutions over the past few decades as a result of the need to control stress corrosion cracking of reactor internals, radiation fi elds and personnel exposure. Some of the advanced chemistry changes include hydrogen addition, zinc addition, iron reduction using better fi ltra-tion technologies, and more recently noble metal chemical addition to many of the modern day operating BWRs. These water chemistry evolutions have resulted in changes in the crud distribution on fuel cladding material, Co-60 levels and the rod oxide thickness (ROXI) measurements using the conventional eddy current techniques. A limited number of Post-Irradiation Examinations (PIE) of fuel rods that exhibited elevated oxide thickness using eddy current techniques showed that the actual oxide thickness by metallography is much lower. The difference in these observations is attributed to the changing magnetic properties of the crud affecting the rod oxide thickness measurement by the eddy current technique. This paper will review and summarize the BWR fuel cladding performance under these advanced and improved water chemistry conditions and how these changes have affected the goal to reach zero fuel failures. The paper will also provide a brief summary of some of the results of hot cell PIE, results of crud composition evaluation, crud spallation, oxide thickness measurements, hydrogen content in the cladding and some fuel failure observations.


Pyrazine molecules aggregate by remarkably similar CH···N hydrogen bonds into four polymorphs. Of eight CH···N bonds to each molecule, six H-bonds are very similar for all pyrazine structures. A diagram of four crystalline phases has been outlined and their low-temperature and high-pressure structures determined. Phase I is metastable and occurs only within the ambient-pressure region of phase II.


We introduce a slave-fermion formulation in which to study the charge dynamics of the half-filled Hubbard model on the square lattice. In this description, the charge degrees of freedom are represented by fermionic holons and doublons and the Mott-insulating characteristics of the ground state are the consequence of holon–doublon bound-state formation. The bosonic spin degrees of freedom are described by the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model, yielding long-ranged (Néel) magnetic order at zero temperature. Within this framework and in the self-consistent Born approximation, we perform systematic calculations of the average double occupancy, the electronic density of states, the spectral function and the optical conductivity. Qualitatively, our method reproduces the lower and upper Hubbard bands, the spectral-weight transfer into a coherent quasiparticle band at their lower edges and the renormalisation of the Mott gap, which is associated with holon–doublon binding, due to the interactions of both quasiparticle species with the magnons. The zeros of the Green function at the chemical potential give the Luttinger volume, the poles of the self-energy reflect the underlying quasiparticle dispersion with a spin-renormalised hopping parameter and the optical gap is directly related to the Mott gap. Quantitatively, the square-lattice Hubbard model is one of the best-characterised problems in correlated condensed matter and many numerical calculations, all with different strengths and weaknesses, exist with which to benchmark our approach. From the semi-quantitative accuracy of our results for all but the weakest interaction strengths, we conclude that a self-consistent treatment of the spin-fluctuation effects on the charge degrees of freedom captures all the essential physics of the antiferromagnetic Mott–Hubbard insulator. We remark in addition that an analytical approximation with these properties serves a vital function in developing a full understanding of the fundamental physics of the Mott state, both in the antiferromagnetic insulator and at finite temperatures and dopings.


Communication over the additive white Gaussian channel, subject to a discrete phase ambiguity at the receiver, is considered. When this phase ambiguity is considered as a discretely distributed random variable, the channel is termed the acoherent additive white Gaussian (AAWG) channel. It is shown that the optimum decoder for the AAWG channel is not practically implementable and a suboptimum decoder that is asymptotically optimum at high signal-to-noise ratio is developed. The low signal-to-noise ratio performance of the suboptimum decoder is also examined. By considering the structural possibilities for this decoder, it is shown that one implementation leads to rotationally invariant codes. Other implementations, based on a rotationally disjoint property, lead to a variety of solutions that offer a general framework for communication over this channel. Some of these solutions use a parallel receiver configuration. Various solutions are compared in terms of implementation and performance. >


Femtocell has appeared as a solution to increase both the coverage and the capacity of cellular networks. However, interference problem between the macrocell and the femtocell must be solved before any deployment. Since femtocells are deployed by home users in random locations, decentralised interference management schemes remain worth of investigation. In this study, the author deal with the problem of aggregate interference modelling and static resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based two-tier femtocell networks for both closed and open access femtocells. It is assumed that for macrocell users (MUs), spectrum allocation is accomplished through fractional frequency reuse. The author's objective is to maximise the femtocell user's throughput while maintaining as low as its possible impact on the MUs' performance. Their proposed algorithm is decentralised, and based on some measurements, needs to be performed only when femtocell access point is plugged in. Simulation results show the accuracy of their model and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to the previous methods.


【Objective】With China' s economic reform and opening up,society's development and the rapid urbanization,more and more urban and country's land probloms arose,these probloms must be urged to be solved in order to achieve the virtuous cycle about the urbanization and land sustainable use.【Method】This paper studies land probloms caused by the urbanization,and uses the theory and thought of sustainable development.【Result】After analyzing,the proper solution to these probloms can be found at last,and the solution method can be used in every proper area if these probloms will be expanded to the whole country.【Conclusion】This paper analyzes the popular probloms about land caused by the urbanization,and gives some solutions to these probloms.It has some usable and helpful valuation.


Attention is devoted to the diffusion, terminology, and foundation of the institution of the gymnasium in Ptolemaic Egypt, including the possible link with the army and the evidence from archaeology. The chapter shows how gymnasia in Egypt were introduced both in the three poleis of the country as well as in villages, throughout the Ptolemaic period. It highlights the close connection that the institution had with military settlers but stresses how the gymnasium was not a military institution but rather the by-product of the settlers' residence habits, promoted by Ptolemaic policies. Finally, it offers an account of the first and so far only archaeologically attested Hellenistic gymnasium of Egypt, recently uncovered in the village of Philoteris in the Arsinoite nome.


This study aims to develop Pop Up Book learning media in integrated thematic learning that is valid and practical. The type of research conducted is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE development model with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation stages. Data collection uses a validation sheet, and a response questionnaire. Where the validation sheet consists of material expert validation sheets, media expert validation sheets and linguist validation sheets.
The results of research on the development of Pop Up Book learning media were developed through the validation stages of material aspects, media aspects, and language aspects. In the material aspect, it shows 87.5% valid category. In the media aspect, the percentage of 96% is very valid, and in the language aspect, the percentage is 93.7%, the category is very valid. While the practicality test at the trial stage for students obtained an average score of 91% and the practicality of the teacher obtained an average score of 92% with a very practical category. For the results of the practicality of the implementation phase, teachers get an average score of 96%, and students get an average score of 93% (very practical category).


Modern warehousing isn't about storing product, it's about moving product. As a major artery in the supply-and-demand chain, your warehouse needs efficient and accurate operations. Ernst F. Bolten's Managing Time and Space in the Modern Warehouse will show you how to achieve that goal. In 14 concise chapters, Bolten explores warehouse management, procedure, and operation, and includes more than 40 ready-to-reproduce forms, documents, leases, and checklists. Whether you're new to the game or a seasoned pro, it's the ultimate resource for anyone involved in warehousing, logistics, distribution and transport.


No matter which area of business one is engaged in, expert systems can be used to fulfill the need for higher productivity and reliability of decisions. Expert systems are most valuable to organizations that have a high-level of knowhow experience and expertise that cannot be easily transferred to other members. They are designed to carry the intelligence and information found in the intellect of experts and provide this knowledge to other members of the organization for problem-solving purposes. An expert system is a set of programs (or a software) that manipulates encoded knowledge to solve problems or uncertainties in a specialized domain that normally requires human expertise. An expert system in essence captures the life-time experience of knowledge domain experts and reasons through this knowledge to solve problems. Today, when there is an increasing need for producing optimal and consistent solutions to problems in organizations, expert systems can make a significant contribution by making expertise available to the decision makers and technicians who need reliable answers quickly. This technical paper aims at providing an insight into the underlying technology of an expert system. Deployment of expert systems for financial analysis and air traffic management have been chosen to illustrate the techniques employed by an expert system in problem solving.


Besides a definition of " trivial " theorem, this paper presents a sketch of our methodology for the generalization of recurrence proofs on "trivial" theorems but that lead, in a context of automatic theorem proving, to very lengthy (or even impossible to achieve) proofs.

This paper reduces to a description of a detailed example, we hope to make clear that our methodology is of a much wider field of application.


We consider the space of real functions which are integrable with respect to a countably additive vector measure with values in a Banach space. In a previous paper we showed that this space can be any order continuous Banach lattice with weak order unit. We study a priori conditions on the vector measure in order to guarantee that the resulting Lι is order isomorphic to an AL-space. We prove that for separable measures with no atoms there exists a Co-valued measure that generates the same space of integrable functions. Introduction. Given a vector measure v we consider the space of classes of real functions which are integrable with respect to v in the sense of Lewis (L-l), denoted by Lι{y). In (C, Theorem 8) we showed that every order continuous Banach lattice with weak unit can be obtained as Lι(u) for a suitable vector measure v. In particular we have Hubert spaces as L 1 of a vector measure. A natural question arises. Under what conditions on the vector measure, or on the Banach space in which the measure takes its values, is the resulting L1 of the vector measure order isomorphic to an AL-space? Recall that a Banach lattice is an AL-space when the norm is additive for disjoint vectors. An order isomorphism is a linear isomorphism that preserves the lattice operations. So the question can be restated in the following way. When can Lx(u) be equivalently renormed so that endowed with the new norm and the same order is a Banach lattice where the norm is additive for disjoint functions? In § 1 we fix notation and basic definitions. In §2 we show the special role that the space Lι(\u\) plays in the problem we are studying, where \v\ is the variation of υ . It is shown in Proposition 2 that Lx(v) is an Jϊ?\-space, in the sense of Linden- strauss and Pelczynski (L-P), if and only if it is order isomorphic to Lι(\v\). From this it follows that bounded variation of the measure is a necessary condition. The conditions cannot be placed on the Banach space in which the measure takes its values. This is shown in Example 1, that also shows that neither bounded variation nor domination of the variation by the semivariation are sufficient conditions. In §3 we study measures with values in C(K) spaces. In Theorem 1


They were unlikely choices for revolutionaries and hardly the haughty autocrats the phrase "Little Tin Gods" conjures up. Yet many East African district officers felt it their duty to change the lives of the Africans they ruled, and against great odds they did. Sent out by their superiors in London and Nairobi as policemen and tax collectors, they saw themselves as secular missionaries for a superior culture. Working in the decade before the catastrophic first world war, they were the last generation of Europeans who easily believed their own superiority. Under pressure to produce revenue many district commissioners fostered economic development as a first step in reforming African society. They wished to develop an exchange economy based upon the fruits of a settled and productive peasantry working on its own land. They believed the Africans would adopt the basic values of hard work and even self-reliance, making an Edwardian revolution. If their assumptions about social change, economics, or even civilization itself seem unsophisticated, it is because they were amateurs. They had few resources beyond their own confidence and sense of mission. They began a revolution, but it was not the one they intended for they failed to retrieve colonial Kenya from the clutches of a handful of white settlers. Their vision of peaceful prosperity for the Africans was ultimately denied, and the hopes they raised became murderous frustrations. They offered Kenya an alternative course which imperialism could not accept. Kenya's first district officers came from diverse backgrounds, but most shared the middle class values they proposed for the Africans.


SULPHUR DEFICIENCY IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOILS; HOW FERTILIZATION WILL IMPACT CANOLA (Brassica napus L.) AND ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) YIELD AND QUALITY Margareta Haupt Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Professor J. Lauzon As sulphur (S) deposition has been decreasing across southern Ontario, in recent years S deficiencies in crops with high S demands, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.), have been becoming more common. To begin establishing S fertilization recommendations for southern Ontario growers, field trials were established in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 growing seasons (2015 only in alfalfa), to assess if these crops showed consistent yield responses to S application. Canola showed variable response, with 4 of 10 trial locations showing significant yield improvement. Alfalfa responded more consistenly, especially in second and third cuts, with 5 of 7 field locations showing significant response to S in at least one cut and/or total yield. Results also showed tissue testing to be a more reliable means of anticipating the need for S application than soil S extraction (by Mehlich III) in both crops.


Objective
To investigate the attitude of PhD nursing students towards clinical work.

Methods
A qualitative research was made to ten full-time PhD students in nursing from six universities in a semi-structured interview, with the data so acquired analyzed using Colaizzi phenomenological methedology.

Results
Four themes were extracted from the analysis. They are their evaluation on nursing career and clinical work; their role in clinical work; their concerns for engaging in clinical work; and their expectations for clinical work.

Conclusions
Some of the nursing PhD students intend to engage in clinical nursing work after graduation, yet not without concerns, namely decent positions and career development. In this consideration, nursing administrators should take into full account of the students′ career expectations and value their important role in this field. In addition, a scientific hierarchical management system should be established, suitable positions should be set up, and new fields of clinical nursing practice explored, in order to fully leverage their talents and promote disciplinary progress to the field of nursing.

Key words:
PhD student; Clinical nursing practice; Attitude; Qualitative research; Semi-structured interview


This case report was to highlight the occurrence of a long standing unusual foreign body in the nasopharynx in an adult. Foreign bodies are common in ENT practice universally. At times they may present as emergency requiring urgent intervention and many a times they go unnoticed as these are not suspected. Nasopharyngeal foreign bodies are rare in any age group. A 70 year old man presented to neurology department with complaints of headache of 1 month duration. CT brain angiography showed atherosclerotic wall calcifications in bilateral cavernous segment of ICA and there was an incidental detection of a metallic foreign body in the posterior wall of oropharynx. History revealed accidental ingestion of a ring into mouth at 1 year of age. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) was done, FB (foreign  body) ring was seen at the level of left torus tubarius in nasopharynx and same removed in to intraorally. Care should be taken while removing these FBs. Digital manipulation for removal of such FBs are hazardous and should be avoided at all cost.


Objective Human beings can use gestures such as pointing and reaching to communicate with others before they have the ability to use verbal communication to produce speech. Given the importance of children's communication development and the key role of gestures development in communicating, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the normal development of pointing and reaching gestures and their relationship in 12-16-month-old children speaking Farsi. Methods and materials In this prospective, observational and longitudinal study the gestures of 11 monolingual Farsi- speaking children (7 boys and 4 girls) were evaluated via non-randomized sampling method. Child-mother interactions were videotaped monthly in a semi-structured context to capture the emergence and consistent use of targeted gestures. Afterwards, the data was coded and statistically analyzed for this purpose Repetitive measured, independent T-Test and Pearson correlation were used. Results The mean of the pointing gesture increased significantly from 12 to 16 months (p 0.05). Moreover, there was no relationship between pointing and reaching gestures (p>0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that pointing gestures increase with age from 12-16 months in Farsi-speaking children. However, reaching gestures stay the same between 12-16 months of age. The Results are compatible with the other surveys in this area. The study provided rich details of common gestures that children use to signal their intentions before verbal communication.


The use of pesticides plays an important role in the quality of agricultural crops, providing benefits for the increase of productivity, reducing weeds, pests or diseases. Notwithstanding, their massive use may decrease the quality of agriculture soils, and surface and groundwaters, resulting in a potential risk to the ecosystems and public health. The construction of the Alqueva Multiple Purpose Enterprise (EFMA), allowed the increase of irrigated area and the intensification of irrigation crops, providing agricultural expansion and development of the Alentejo regional economy. However, the practice of irrigation can lead to increased application of pesticides, with the consequent leaching of these compounds to reservoirs and the loss of quality of the irrigation water. In this context, the FitoFarmGest project aims to: (i) assess the dynamics of the main pesticides groups (including those covered by Directive 2013/39/EU as priority substances in the field of water); (ii) identify/determine a group of indicators (physicochemical and/or biological) that better assesses the sustainable use of pesticides, to improve the monitoring of their use and to ensure a better protection of the human population and ecosystems; (iii) elaborate a Guide of Good Practices about the sustainable management of pesticides, contributing to the improvement of the quality of production, protection and conservation of soil and water resources. This project is being implemented Ardila Santo Estevão; Sarilhos Poéticos-Sociedade Agrícola). During the annual irrigation campaign, each farmer will be assessing two crops (olive grove, vineyard or arable crop) by: (i) irrigation system audits; (ii) advice and adjustment of the applied irrigation; (iii) physicochemical parameters in the water, soil and plants; (iv) dynamics of pesticides at the reservoir, irrigation water, soils, plants and runoff. The FitoFarmGest integrates a multidisciplinary team of researchers from the Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPBeja) and the Operational and Technology Centre for Irrigation (COTR), with expertise and experience on the areas of water management; soil, water, and plants quality assessment; environmental risk assessment of pesticides; and crops protection and production. This project has several potential stakeholder's: farmers from the vineyard sector, olive grove and arable crops; institutions of integrated protection sector, food processing industries, institution linked to Public Health, the Portuguese Environment Agency (APA), and the scientific community, in general, which work in the areas covered by this study.


Activities of science as discovery of facts, discovery of theories and verification of theory might not be completed yet if it is not verified that the theory is consistence with facts. Theories should be explainable using already known facts and logic human commonly have. This effort is to acquire intellectual properties. This is more meaningful same as science's contribution to society. Here deductive explanation is tried for inductively verified Special Relativity Theory.


Abstract:  The clastogenic effects on DNA, proven by the presence of micronuclei (MN) and the protective cellular mechanisms normally used to stabilize DNA breaks were investigated in three subsets of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The frequency of MN found in cultures of peripheral lymphocytes in patients with anticentromere and antitopoisomerase I antibodies was significantly higher than that in the control group. The group with anticentromere antibody showed a significantly higher frequency of MN than did the subjects with antitopoisomerase antibody (4.22% versus 2.34%, P < 0.001). Patients with anti‐RNA polymerase III, instead, had a low prevalence of typical micronucleated cells (0.98%), not significantly different from that of the healthy controls (0.82%). Moreover, when MN was characterized for the presence or absence of DNA fragments with free 3′‐OH ends by digoxigenin‐dUTP (DIG‐dUTP) using terminal deoxynucleotidil transferase, its frequency was found to be increased in the groups with anticentromere and antitopoisomerase I antibodies with respect to that in the controls. The increase was significantly higher in the lymphocytes of the patients with anticentromere than in those with antitopoisomerase I antibody (35% versus 20.08%, P < 0.001). Nonetheless, the prevalence of unstable DNA fragments in patients with anti‐RNA polymerase III antibody was low (2.05%) and not significantly different from that of the control group (1.18%). Our results indicate that there is a clastogenic effect on DNA and an interference in the protective cellular mechanisms normally stabilizing DNA breaks only in some subsets of SSc patients.


e23100Background: Personalized therapy in lung cancer has improved following the introduction of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, virtually all patients develop resistance leading to disea...


ABSTRACT: Various methodological approaches that can be used to detect ototoxic effects caused by the administration of various substances are presented, using the Sprague‐Dawley rat as an animal model. Electrophysiological data are also presented to show how the model behaves with potentially ototoxic (hyaluronic acid) and initially inert (hydroxy‐propyl‐methyl‐cellulose) substances.


biopsy revealed myeloid hyperplasia with a left shift and a scan with radiolabelled neutrophils did not identify a source of infection. After a few days, the patient experienced increasing pain and stiffness in ankles, knees, and hips. A transient pink rash lasting about 2 h on his chest (twice) and on his forearms (once) was witnessed by one of the treating physicians. A diagnosis of AOSD was made and the patient was started on oral methotrexate (15 mg per week) and prednisolone (60 mg per day) with prompt symptomatic relief. Oral anticoagulation was stopped after 6 months and a thrombophilia screen revealed a heterozygous prothrombin (PT) 20210 mutation with normal levels of natural anticoagulants, negative antiphospholipid antibodies, and normal factor V Leiden. The prednisolone was tapered after 2 months and later stopped. Methotrexate was stopped after 8 months of treatment. Twenty months after onset of his illness, he remains in remission. Coagulation activation in AOSD (1) may progress towards disseminated intravascular coagulation with multi-organ failure and digital autoamputation (3). Digital (4) and coronary artery occlusion (5), central retinal vein (6) and portal vein (7) thrombosis have been described in AOSD as well as a fatal pulmonary embolism (8). In these cases other 'hits' tilted the balance towards clot formation: the digital artery occlusion occurred during a vasculitic phase of AOSD (4), the coronary artery occlusion occurred post-partum (5), and the central retinal and portal vein thromboses were associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (6, 7). Likewise, heterozygous PT 20210 represented a further tilt to the 'haematology stress syndrome' of chronic inflammatory diseases (9) and contributed to the unusual thromboembolic presentation of our patient.


Patients with respiratory failure undergoing prone positioning (PP) are often monitored by the transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) technique. However, it remains unclear whether the measurement of TPTD‐derived variables is influenced by PP. We investigated the effects of 135° PP on the accuracy of TPTD‐derived variables and their changes over an 8–10 h period of time.


Unmanned aerial vehicles have become popular platforms for remote-sensing applications, particularly when spaceborne technology, manned airborne techniques, and in situ methods are not as efficient for various reasons. These reasons include the temporal and spatial data resolutions, accessibility over time and space, cost efficiency, and operational safety. Given that most commercial developers tend to focus on the hardware development of unmanned aerial systems, less attention is paid to the development and evaluation of their data processing techniques. Therefore, critical reviews of previous studies are required to describe the current state of research using data from unmanned remote sensing platforms. Accordingly, this article presents the results of a comprehensive review of applications of unmanned aerial imagery for the management of agricultural and natural resources. This review attempts to demonstrate that developing robust methodologies and reliable assessments of results are significant issues for successful applications of unmanned aerial imagery.


Using animals to help solve your transportation problems has many advantages. This article explains the situation in Africa today, and outlines the possibilities for expansion. There are many places in sub-Saharan Africa where animal-drawn carts are common. Local economies are thus simulated by animal transportation, as people will find it easier to trade. In other areas, development agencies might consider ways of simulating such beneficial, self-sustaining, critical masses of animal powered transportation. Making credit available to farmers and assisting local artisans by the provision of suitable axles and components may well assist the process.


A small-scale cool storage air conditioning system have been designed and experimented with organic phase change mixtures in this paper. Based on the analyzing of the obtained results, some suggestions for the system designing have been proposed.


Let $G$ be a finite primitive permutation group on a set $\Omega$ with point stabiliser $H$. Recall that a subset of $\Omega$ is a base for $G$ if its pointwise stabiliser is trivial. We define the base size of $G$, denoted $b(G,H)$, to be the minimal size of a base for $G$. Determining the base size of a group is a fundamental problem in permutation group theory, with a long history stretching back to the 19th century. Here one of our main motivations is a theorem of Seress from 1996, which states that $b(G,H) \leqslant 4$ if $G$ is soluble. In this paper we extend Seress' result by proving that $b(G,H) \leqslant 5$ for all finite primitive groups $G$ with a soluble point stabiliser $H$. This bound is best possible. We also determine the exact base size for all almost simple groups and we study random bases in this setting. For example, we prove that the probability that $4$ random elements in $\Omega$ form a base tends to $1$ as $|G|$ tends to infinity.


With China affiliating the WTO, abroad retail trade will enter the Chinese retail trade market with the larger scale; so Chinese retail trade will be faced with the unprecedented opportunity and challenge. Our country tetail trade should hold the opportunity, greet the challenge, confront the difficult bravely, and learn the advantage of abroad retail trade by which we can use their advantage to make up our shortcoming. Facing the rigorous situation, our country retail trade should take actions immediately and find measures. Only doing this, we are forever the winner in the fierce competition.


Summary This article deals with the results of time studies of pruning P. radiata from 22 ft. to 35 ft. with pole saws. The influence on pruning time of mean diameter and number of branches removed in the pruning operation, number of cones removed and time of day is investigated and a multiple regression equation, expressing the relationship between pruning time and these variables, is computed. A taper table is prepared and used to investigate the effect of pruning on the formation of knot-free timber. The economics of high-pruning is discussed.


We thank Professor Paulay for the attention he paid to our work. Our motivation to perform the work that gave rise to the paper was to show the advantages of dual systems as earthquake-resistant building structures. Among other advantages, we tried to show that in ductile frames the hinges can develop in the beams, in the columns, or both, due to the fact that the walls prevent the development of the soft story mechanism. We believe this conclusion helps the compatibility of architectural requirements with the ductile design of reinforced concrete frames, rendering dual systems more attractive for earthquake resistant design. Since Professor Paulay shares our views on the advantages of dual systems, we are left essentially with the possibility of commenting on his findings kindly added to the discussion. In our view, those comments include simple and revolutionary ideas that offer excellent opportunities to design safer structures at reduced costs. The best example is expressed in Point 3: ''yield deformations of components are largely independent of their nominal strength,'' leading to much greater choice in the assignment of strength between walls and frames. We read the relevant reference (Paulay 2002) and we fully agree with this view. We also agree with the concepts expressed in Points 1, 2, and 5. We can only add a few comments: • Point 3—It may be reasonable to establish certain limits to the distribution of strength between walls and frames. These should be related to the need to avoid brittle behavior of elements of the structure, particularly the walls. This could eventually be induced by assigning to the frames a fraction of the inertia forces too small. If the frames would possess some excess strength in what regards the design for other load combinations, the shear ratio (l = M/VL) at the base of the wall could be overestimated. This would derive from the fact that the frames would tend to lower down the resultant of the inertia forces applied on the wall during the response to an earthquake. This would lead to the underestimation of the design forces at the base of the wall associated with the development of the flexural capacity. This point is implicitly addressed in the conclusions of the above-mentioned reference where the redistribution of a ''fraction of the required seismic strength'' is referred to. • Point 5—Lower periods, as would result from stiffness estimates based on elastic gross or cracked concrete sections, would generally lead to the overestimation of spectral accelerations and inertia forces. Even though less realistic, these would


Method for controlling a humidity sensor in a system of internal combustion engines, comprising a step in which an ambient humidity measured by said humidity sensor and a certain humidity from a measurement of oxygen of at least one sensor is compared in the engine system, wherein said comparison is made using a deviation of the reading oxygen signal of said at least one sensor in a condition in which the drift or bias of said another sensor is related to the variation of the ambient humidity, wherein said condition is fuel cut in the engine system.


We argue that there is a basic conflict between the incorporation of time and the level of abstraction in formal specification. This conflict is illustrated through the specification of a simple multimedia stream. We propose the principle of separation of timing concerns as a resolution of this conflict and present a dual language notation in order to realise this principle. This notation uses LOTOS to express system behaviour and real-time temporal logic to express timing properties.


Abstract In this note we introduce a general class of finite ramified coverings π X˜ ↓ X. Examples of ramified covers in our sense include: finite covering spaces, branched covering spaces and the orbit map Y ↓ Y/G where G is a finite group and Y an arbitrary G-space. For any d-fold ramified covering π: X˜ ↓ X we construct a transfer homomorphism with the expected property that is multiplication by d. As a consequence we obtain a simple proof of the Conner conjecture; viz. the orbit space of an arbitrary finite group action on a ℚ-acyclic space is again ℚ acyclic.


"Has anyone bothered to study the cumulative effect of all these things?" the chief executive officer of JPMorgan Chase reasonably inquired of the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board at a bankers gathering in Atlanta last June. The CEO, Jamie Dimon, was referring to the combination of cyclical hangover and regulatory constriction. The chairman, Ben Bernanke, replied, "It's just too complicated. We don't really have the quantitative tools to do that" (Grant and Masters 2011: 1). Banking dysfunction is the subject at hand. For what ails us, I am about to blame modern regulation, the asphyxiating philosophy of modern regulation, the bankers themselves, the pure paper dollar, manipulated interest rates, and the human condition. Concerning bank capital, I favor just enough but not too much, the exact amount best known to people who have not been elected to Congress. It isn't the lack of capital that's put the American banking system behind the eight ball; it's a shortage of capitalism.


fistula. One case reported here had a trial of sodium morrhuate injections without effect. If the fistula does not close within a reasonable period, even with the use of the above measures, surgical treatment should be undertaken. In my judgement surgery should not be considered for at least six months if the patient's health is not being impaired by the fistula, as many fistulz have closed after several months. If surgery is deemed advisable the fistula may be dissected out and implanted into an adjacent viscus ; the stomach, gall-bladder, and jejunum have all been used for this purpose. Of these the stomach has found most favour and has much to commend it because of its accessibility and the fact that the tryptic activity of the juice which might digest the suture line is immediately destroyed by contact with the acid secretion of the stomach. No untoward effects upon the digestive processes have been observed. However, " prevention is better than cure" in surgery as in medicine, and the fact that most pancreatic fistula follow upon the drainage of pancreatic cysts must, I think, compel the question as to whether primary anastomosis of pancreatic cysts should not replace marsupialization and drainage as the standard treatment for pancreatic cysts. Naturally the suggestion must be treated with reserve and judged primarily upon the mortality figures. Unfortunately, the method has not been sufficiently frequently applied to give reliable data in this respect, but so far as the method has been used it has given a good account of itself and compares very favourably with marsupialization, which carries an appreciable mortality. Lahey and Lium (1937) collected 8 cases of primary anastomosis as a treatment for pancreatic cyst, without any mortality and with uniformly good results j one of these cases is included in this present review. Clearly the method is deserving of an extended trial and may well prove to be the treatment of choice in the future. _____ ~


This paper is concerned with the symbol segmentation and recognition task in the context of online sampled handwritten mathematical expressions, the first processing stage of an overall system for understanding arithmetic formulas. Within our system a statistical approach is used tolerating ambiguities within the decision stages and resolving them either automatically by additional knowledge acquired within the following processing stages or by interaction with the user. The recognition results obtained by different writers and expressions demonstrate the performance of our approach.


This research to find out what is lacking and what should be done by the community around Rammang-Rammang tourism in Maros Regency in order to improve the quality of recreational tourism and increase local revenue. Thus, researchers want to conduct observations and research at the Rammang-Rammang Tourism Object with the title "Community Based Tourism Development to Increase Regional Original Income (PAD) in Maros Regency." Using descriptive research type which through qualitative research methods is to provide an overview of the problems studied related to the development of community-based tourism (Community Based Tourism). Based on the results of the research and discussion presented in the previous chapter on Community Based Tourism Development in Rammang-rammang Tourism, it can be concluded that natural and cultural resources are one of the main factors that attract tourists to visit, because There are typical foods of the Bugis and Makassar tribes, namely light snacks such as various kinds of cakes. From the Community Organizations in Rammang-Rammang Tourism, they still prioritize a sense of mutual cooperation between fellow residents to manage Rammang-Rammang tourism, because the Youth Organization in the village is still in the process of being formed. Management at Rammang-Rammang Tourism has no interference from any party, therefore the tourism management system is fully given to the community but is still under the supervision of the government. Meanwhile, Learning / Learning is still in the construction stage of its facilities such as information boards, sign boards, landmarks, and location plans.Keywords: Community Development, Locally-generated revenue, Tourism Development


This paper presents an approximation theory for the problem of estimating parameters that appear in distributed systems. The work is a generalization of the ideas of Banks and Ito, [Control Theory and Advanced Technology, 46 (1988), pp. 73–90] and is motivated by the need to consider an important class of estimation problems not treated by current theory, specifically, those problems in which the underlying state spaces (and consequently the approximating state spaces) are parameter dependent. Situations of this type frequently arise in applications in which it is of interest to estimate unknown (domain) shapes and boundaries, parameters appearing in boundary conditions, or certain functional coefficients present in "degenerate" partial differential equations.This paper develops the theoretical ideas behind a parameter-dependent approximation theory, and illustrates the application of these ideas to domain optimization problems.


Aloe vera has been used worldwide both for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of some of its constituents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera on the antioxidant defense and growth index in rainbow trout. 480 Rainbow trout, weighing 9.50 gr were divided into four group, group 1: normal group, group 2: 0.5 mg/kg Aloe vera concentration, group 3: 1 mg/kg Aloe vera concentration, group 4: 2 mg/kg Aloe vera concentration. Serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and growth index were estimated. Our results showed that growth was not significantly affected by Aloe vera extract. In experimental control groups, 0.5 and 2 concentration enzyme activities were significantly lower compared with control group. In conclusion, Aloe vera is not recommended for strengthen of antioxidant defenses.


In recent years,with the rapid growth of mobile phone users,mobile phone business have been developed rapidly and se curity have become prominent increasingly,making the opportunities and challenges coexist in mobile payment services in China.On the basis of discussion on the status of mobile payment applications,security risks,comparison at home and abroad,this paper comes up with countermeasures and suggestions from the technology,law and other aspects.


Contrast and analyse Linlong Gold mine past 10 year , Emphases summarize experience and indoctrinate in geologic work of Linlong Gold mine during the nith-five -year , Exceed measure to be taking in looking for mine or prospect as well as keystone prospect aspects , To perfect geologic work of Linlong Gold mine and to advance purpose of prospecting , Posing stability matter base for continuance stabilization developing in producing gold in Linlong Gold mine for the future.


Thaksin Shinawatra's Thai Rak Thai (TRT – Thais Love Thai) Party was registered on July 14, 1998. In the general elections of January 4, 2001, it won 248 out of the 500 seats in the House of Representatives. Four years later, this number had increased to 377 seats. Thaksin's power seemed to be unassailable for the next four, eight, or even twelve years. Thai Rak Thai's slogan for its second term in office was an optimistic policy promise: si pi som si pi sang (four years of repairs, four years of construction). Everything looked as if Thaksin would "become Thailand's greatest leader of modern times" (Thanong Khanthong in The Nation, Oct. 2, 2006). Instead, only twenty months after this electoral euphoria, while Thaksin was in New York to give a speech at the United Nations, Thailand's military rolled out its tanks, surrounded Government House and secured strategic positions throughout Bangkok. Thaksin's desperate attempt to declare a state of emergency on television was cut short. On the night of September 19, 2006, Thailand's supposedly "greatest leader" was turned into a "tyrant in exile," thus producing the most astonishing political meltdown in recent Thai political history. By October 3, 2006, important faction leaders and their followers had left TRT. On the same day, in a handwritten letter faxed from his exile in London, Thaksin declared his resignation from the position of TRT chairman.


Using extensive statistical data, much gathered from the 2000 United States Census, Lucy and Phillips, professors of planning at the University of Virginia, argue that their analysis suggests that while twentieth century suburbs eclipsed cities as desirable living environments, in the twenty-first century this trend has ceased. Focusing mainly on housing policy issues, the authors see American cities actually halting the neighbourhood decline that produced urban crisis in the 1970s and 1980s. Meanwhile, suburbs confront the same aging process that undermined the liveability of streetcar suburbs in mid-twentieth century America. They debunk the current 'myths' about the prospects for enduring suburban and exurban prosperity and offer policy recommendations for creating better urban and suburban communities in the future. The book with its abundant charts, maps and other statistical data is tailor-made for urban studies and urban housing courses.


This study examines two viewpoints on acculturation among the ethnic group of Zainichi Koreans, who settled, or whose ancestors settled, in Japan during the Japanese colonial era (1910-1945): the "traditional" view of acculturation (which includes four types of acculturation: assimilation, integration, marginalization, and separation), based on Western academic research, and the "context-specific" or "unattached" view, which conveys a desire for freedom from and a lifestyle or orientation that resists being constrained by pre-determined Korean or Japanese cultures and identities, preferring to identify as "human beings" or "individuals." Through an ANOVA test, our research found that unattachment score was highest in a more integrated group―contrary to our hypothesis that it would be highest in a more marginalized group, who irrespective of the conceptual connection between marginalization and unattachment have a tendency toward integration in their "real lives." These findings can help us understand the daily lives, identities, and perspectives of Zainichi Koreans and other ethnic minorities in Japan.


Generally speaking,Mao Zedong carried forward "writing poems indicating ambition",the good tradition of Chinese ancient poetry,and most of his poems express his emotion and ambition.However,through extracting the natural images such as time elapsing,season shifting,and regular activity of all living things in Mao's poems,it can be observed that there exists in the depth of his thought a nexus of human-nature integration.


Trevor Bell's (1995) incisive critique of the report of the Industrial Strategy Project (Joffe et al, 1995, hereinafter ISP), raises a number of issues about the analysis and conclusions reached by the ISP. Bell questions the ISP's contention that productivity growth in South Africa has been unusually low, showing instead that low (and negative) productivity growth has not been an unusual occurrence in a number of developed and developing countries since the 1950s. Bell argues that macroeconomic factors, rather than productivity, explain much of manufacturing's poor performance in the 1980s. Bell questions both the ISP's contention that much of the manufacturing sector's poor performance is the result of past import-substituting strategies, and their recommendation that South African trade and industrial policies should seek to promote manufactured exports. Instead, he makes the case for further import substitution. In response to Bell, Kaplan and Lewis (1996), defend the ISP's focus on, and analysis of, South Africa's productivity performance. Further, they are critical of Bell's argument that import-substituting trade strategies offer a possible path for manufacturing growth, arguing instead that 'we have to increase our penetration of international markets' (1996:122). Kaplan and Lewis' (1996) defence of the ISP's focus on exports is based, to a large extent, on the ability of exports to foster productivity growth. Based on a growing international literature, my contribution questions the ISP's assumptions about the relationship between exports and productivity growth, and reports on the limited empirical literature analysing this issue in the South African manufacturing sector. I also analyse the possible employment effects of productivity growth in the South African context, an area which I believe the ISP has not explored sufficiently. In short, my contribution to this debate is focused on issues related to productivity, trade policy and employment.


Due to geotechnical and economic considerations, bridge designs often lead to use complex piers or pier groups. The estimation of temporal evolution of scour around bridge pier is important for design of bridge foundation. This study focuses on temporal variation of scour depth around two side-by- side piers with various distances between piers. Based on experimental data, an equation was developed based on new definition of equivalent pier diameter in Kothyari et al. (2007) equation for estimating the time evolution of scour depth by taking into account the effect of space between the piers. The results show that good agreement exists between proposed equation and measured scour data. It is also revealed that by increasing the distance between piers, the equilibrium scour depth around side by side piers decreases and close to values of single pier and scour depth reached to the isolated pier when G/D=6.


Goals Preventing the progress of arterial disease in those already affected (the most important patient group to be treated) Decreasing the total risk of atherosclerotic arterial disease (including fatal and non-fatal events) guided by the combined effect of risk factors. The assessment of the risk for arterial disease may be facilitated by the use of different risk calculators (e.g. HeartScore and FINRISK , notice that the latter is based on Finnish data). Note that HeartScore only gives the probability of death; the total risk of arterial disease (which e.g. FINRISK estimates) is significantly higher. Assessment of lifetime risk is a new point of view.


Objective To study the cause of the extraction of orbit implant.(Methods) Twenty-two cases with orbit implant extraction were studied between September 2001 and August 2004. Results 22 implants were extracted,of which 20 cases had implant exposure,10 cases had infection,4 cases had no fibrovascularization. Conclusions Cases with orbit implant extraction often suffered from implant exposure,infection and nonfibrovascularization.


Eucalyptus is the most widely planted hardwood crop in world-wide tropical and subtropical regions because of its high growth rate, broad adaptability, and multipurpose wood properties. Until the 1970s, the Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil were practically disease free. However, plantations have continued to expand into warmer and more humid areas that are more favorable to pathogen infection. Furthermore, the use of high-yielding genotypes with unknown disease resistance, the implementation of clonal forestry, and the introduction of new management techniques have favored the emergence of disease epidemics in recent decades. Presently, prominent diseases such as rust (Puccinia psidii), Ceratocystis wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata), and canker (Chrysoporthe cubensis) are the most damaging diseases in Eucalyptus plantations. During recent years, we have conducted a series of inoculation experiments with controlled-crossed progenies to better understand the genetic basis of resistance for the prominent Eucalyptus pathosystems.


A perceptual analysis of the urban landscape of Biskra seems essential to the understanding of its characteristics and specifi-city, we adopted the perceptual analysis of Kevin LYNCH treated by the interview, whose goal is to "understand the collective mental image of the city of Biskra seen by its inhabitants", thus analyzed the visual quality of the city of Biskra, via its mental representations in its inhabitants by emphasizing the legibility of the urban landscape. The weakness of mental images must be reinforced, and the strength of mental images requires a reaction with their characteristics, in order not to lose their advantages, which requires in principle to define in a first step the mental image of the city. Analytically, five interrelated phases can be distinguished in the process of defining physical clarity: identification, structure, modelling, meaning and affectivity. In an attempt to qualitatively evaluate the landscape image through the quality of imagi-bility, starting from these fundamental components of perceptual activity, and relating them to those of the landscape (sectors, routes, nodes, landmarks and boundaries), in addition to other components come into play: the value, the inhabitant, and the architectural and/or urban form of the experienced landscape,


Appreciation of real exchange rate and transformation of economic growth pattern are currently key issues in China. In this paper, we measure the real exchange rate of China's 30 provinces from 1995 to 2012, and use sys-GMM estimator to explore the relationship between appreciation of real exchange rate and the transformation of extensive economic growth pattern. The results show that variations of real exchange rate in the 30 provinces are obviously different. The appreciation speed of real exchange rate in coastal area is faster than that in inland areas and China's general real exchange rate is appreciating quickly. China's real exchange rate appreciation is negatively relative to transformation of economic growth pattern directly, and by interacting with other factors influencing economic growth, it is positively relative to interaction of transformation of economic growth pattern indirectly. The overall effect is that China's real exchange rate appreciation affects transformation of economic growth pattern positively. This paper also investigates the appreciation of real exchange rate and transformation of economic growth patterns in China's coastal and inland areas respectively.


Objective To explore the regulation of Th2 cytokines IL-5 , IL-13 in cell traffic between lung and bone marrow of asthma. Methods In asthmatic animal models bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) , IL-5, IFN-γ was detected and histological analysis was made, respectively. In situ hybridization was adopted to determine the status of IL-5, IL-13 mRNA in lung tissue and IL-5 mRNA in bone marrow. Irnmunohistochemistry methods were used to detect the status of IL-5 immunoreactive cells in lung tissue and bone marrow. The multiparameter flow-cytometric method was used to examine CD34 + and CD3 + progenitor cells in bone marrow. Results Compared with control group, the level of IL-5 in BALF was significantly increased in asthmatic group (P 0.001), Histological examination showed that infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the airway, accompanied by small airway spasm and increased production of mucus in asthmatic group. The overexpression of IL-5 , IL-13 mRNA was observed in asthmatic group (P 0.01) , and IL-5 mRNA in bone marrow of asthmatic group was increased (P 0.001) , which was correlated with the enhanced expression of IL-5 mRNA in the lung (P 0. 05). IL-5 immunoreactive cells were increased in lung tissue and bone marrow in asthmatic group (P 0.01). CD34 and CD3 cells were clearly increased in bone marrow of asthmatic group (P 0. 01). In addition, increase in the number of CD34 cells was associated with expression of IL-5 mRNA in bone marrow (P0.05). Conclusion IL-5 may be involved in the regulation of eosinophils in bone marrow and cell traffic between lung and bone marrow of asthma on the level of transcription or after transcription.


This paper considers the nature and role of household indebtedness in contemporary banking and the current financial and economic crises. It offers a concise empirical exposition of the centrality of household lending and related financial services to leading banking institutions and to the credit systems of a number of advanced and middle-income economies. It also offers socioeconomic characterizations of this debt and its macroeconomic significance from the standpoint of Marxist political economy, affording two distinctive insights. First, the concrete social content of household debt over the past two decades has helped ensure this lending remained highly profitable to lenders, making it a natural vehicle for destabilizing capital-market competition. Second, a crisis characterized by record levels of over-indebted wage-earning households is likely to pose distinctive difficulties to a process of market-based recovery. While the destruction of capital values during a crisis lays the basis for the eventual restoration of profitability and solvency for some enterprises, over-indebted wage-earning households face no analogous opportunity. Without new speculative asset-price bubbles, the restoration of their financial stability hinges on reductions in consumption or increases in wages, both of which present obstacles to a market-based process of economic recovery.


Exploring the full potential of two dimensional (2D) layered materials requires the precise synthesis of the chemical composition and the structures to realize their specific properties in electronics, optics, mechanics, etc. As most widely used methods for the preparation of artificial crystals, solid-state reaction routes are promising for the selective synthesis of high quality 2D atomic layered crystals on a large scale. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the solid-state synthesis methods and examine the different types of reactions employed in the synthesis of 2D inorganic materials. Besides the transitional solid-state decomposition, we mainly discuss chemical vapor transport, chemical vapor deposition, template driven growth and other solid-state related reactions that have been employed in the synthesis of 2D crystals, such as molecular beam epitaxy, atomic layer deposition, microwave-assisted and substitution reactions. The growth process, parameter effects, advantages and limitations, as well as structural characterization are presented, along with a discussion about future synthetic research for realizing theoretically designed new inorganic 2D layers.


Non-executive directors do a specific job. They are appointed to the board of directors to keep an eye on the company on behalf of its shareholders. They become involved in the corporate affairs of the company to ensure that it operates on sound governance principles in the interests of the company and its shareholders.


In INS v. Elias-Zacaria, the Supreme Court examined the definition of "refugee" under the Refugee Act of 1980 and found that harm from refusing to join a guerrilla organization is not "persecution on account of political opinion" as defined under that Act. This decision is incompatible with the intent of the Refugee Act of 1980 and creates onerous burdens of proof for aliens seeking asylum. This Note analyzes the Court's reasoning and concludes that Congress should enact legislation nullifying the Court's decision. "In this area of the law.., we do well to eschew technicalities and fictions and to deal instead with realities. " -Justice Potter Stewart' One evening Jairo Jonathan Elias-Zacarias' family noticed two masked and uniformed men with machine guns lurking outside of their home.2 The men identified themselves as members of the antigovernment guerrilla movement and attempted to persuade EliasZacarias and his family to join their organization.3 Elias-Zacarias and his family repeatedly stated that they did not wish to join the revolutionary movement.4 The masked guerrillas finally left saying that they would be back and the family should "think it [over] well."5 Afraid the guerrillas would return to abduct and kill him, EliasZacarias fled Guatemala and sought asylum in the United States.6 Under the Refugee Act of 1980, the Attorney General has discretion to grant asylum to those aliens who have a "well-founded fear of persecution on account of political opinion."7 The Board of Immigration Appeals found that Elias-Zacarias did not have a "well-founded fear of persecution," and the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed.' In denying Elias-Zacarias relief, the Supreme Court deter1. Costello v. INS, 376 U.S. 120, 131 (1964). 2. Zacarias v. INS, 921 F.2d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 1990), rev'd, INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 112 S. Ct. 812 (1992).


This study provides results regarding the effectiveness of the Bounce Back Retention Program (BBRP), a semester-long voluntary course for students on academic probation (AP). This is the first phase of a longitudinal study of spring 2007 freshmen at San Diego State University (SDSU). Results were analyzed for three samples: 1) AP BBRP—Credit enrolled and earned course credit (n = 81); 2) AP—BBRP No Credit enrolled but failed to earn course credit (n = 44); and 3) AP—NonBBRP did not enroll in BBRP but were on AP (n = 835). BBRP efficacy was assessed by comparing semester and cumulative GPA's, academic outcome (probation removal, probation continued, disqualification), and university departure rates between the three samples immediately after and up to three semesters later. Findings reveal AP BBRP = Credit students earned: higher GPA's, improved academic outcomes, and fewer departures from the university. The value of a theoretically-based programmatic approach to retention is discussed.


This was an excellent graduate level course offered in a graduate seminar format. Classic and current literature on a variety of topics in postsecondary education were discussed. The content was of great relevance to both my academic and professional work. This was the second course I've taken that will be credited toward my PhD program in Educational Administration and Leadership at the U of A. The content revolved around themes such as: The purposes of postsecondary education; Aboriginal perspectives on postsecondary education; Globalization of education; Academic life. My specific focus in the course was on cultural and symbolic theories for understanding postsecondary organizations and leadership. While this certainly was an opportune time to study such topics given the organizational changes currently happening at AU, there were some other practical outcomes. With respect to my professional work, I've continued to development my professional network at other AB postsecondary institutions. With respect to my program of study I am now joining a broad cohort and developing collegial academic connections. Also, of more immediate impact, as a result of contact during this course I am formally starting my PhD program in May rather than September, 2011, I found and registered in a necessary research methods course external to the department, and I plan to take a condensed seminar in June, 2011, on postsecondary educational leadership and social justice.


A sample of 18 undergraduates and 18 professional businessmen were tested on Rokeach's Dogmatism Scale (Form E) and a scale which measured attitudes toward marijuana. As predicted, the low dogmatics were significantly more favorable toward marijuana than the high dogmatics. This was interpreted as being due to the tendency of high dogmatics to conform to authority figures. Yet, while the attitudes of the businessmen were more unfavorable than those of the students, their levels of dogmatism did not differ significantly. This discrepancy was explained by the different source of information available to each sample.


Cheryl Carrico is a Postdoctoral Research faculty member for Virginia Tech. Her current research focus relates to STEM career pathways (K-12 through early career) and conceptual understanding of core engineering principles. Prior to her current role, Dr. Carrico spent over 25 years in the aerospace industry conducting and leading R&D, design engineering, and project management for composite aircraft components. Dr. Carrico received her B.S. in chemical engineering from Virginia Tech, Masters of Engineering from North Carolina State University, MBA from King University, and PhD in Engineering Education from Virginia Tech. Dr. Carrico is a certified project management professional (PMP) and licensed professional engineer (P.E.).


In 2005 plans were announced for the redevelopment of the city's major retail 1.1 million square foot shopping mall (Coliseum Mall) located at the junction of an interstate highway (I-64) and a major city arterial (Mercury Boulevard). The 35-year old mall was experiencing increased vacancy rates as major tenants left for newer nearby venues. The redevelopment plan called for the demolition of 90% of the buildings on the site and construction of an equivalent size mixed-use open air town center consisting of retail, entertainment, and residential uses. One of the major requirements by the developer was that the adjacent flyover at the major intersection into the site be removed to increase visibility of the new center. The flyover was originally constructed with the existing mall to handle traffic and continued to be functional. The developer also requested a new access break between the adjacent interstate interchange and the intersection (Mercury Boulevard and Coliseum Drive) where the flyover was located. Independent analysis of the situation by a consultant indicated that there was a need for triple left turns and four lane to six lane improvements of an adjacent arterial before the flyover could be removed with serious traffic repercussions. The city required the developer to undertake a comprehensive traffic impact study of all the roads around the site. The study that was presented had many unrealistic conclusions and after several iterations, city staff undertook the task of developing conceptual geometric layouts taking into consideration fixed conditions around the site. This included permanent removal of the flyover and integration of the new limited access intersection with designs based on the independent review, the developer review, and city staff knowledge. The conceptual plans developed by the city staff ended up being used almost exclusively for the design and construction of adjacent road improvements for the now opened and successful mixed used development, including traffic management.


The effects of reconstituted skim milk, and the same fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus, were tested in rats. Rats were fed a stock diet and drinking water containing one of three milk treatments: (1) no supplementary milk; (2) 10% milk; or (3) 10% milk fermented by L. acidophilus. After 4 wk, rats receiving the fermented milk had lower (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels (65 mg/dl) than did the water-fed (78 mg/dl) or milk-fed (79 mg/dl) rats. Weight gain, feed intake, liver lipid contents and fecal lactobacilli counts were not different among treatment groups. Data indicate that factors influencing serum cholesterol levels were produced during fermentation of the milk.


The wide range of interests of members of the Institute, combining as it does all aspects of marine and air navigation from the basic concepts through research, development, design, manufacture and marketing to practical operation, presents a most interesting challenge to the president in his address. This challenge is increased by the knowledge that this address will appear in the twenty-first birthday issue of the Journal in company with articles by eminent members of the Institute on developments in their own fields.


For a rapidly developing country like India, it is highly important for the authorities to systematically manage cities and towns. Saharanpur, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, is one such city that is needed for improvement in planning and management. Being a densely populated city, Saharanpur also produces a large number of wastes that need to be disposed of/ treated. For this, it is important to understand the composition and characteristics of the waste. This paper presents a case study conducted in order to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of waste produced in Saharanpur city.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Schweitzer, Jana, "Eating disorders : the correlation of family relationships with an eating disorder continuum" (1988). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3844.


Sports broadcasts often use pitch aligned graphics to provide additional information to the viewer. This is often achieved by using professional cameras equipped with high accuracy sensors or elaborate manual calibration techniques to measure the broadcasting cameras' position and orientation, allowing the graphics to be accurately matched to the camera view. While previous research has investigated how the camera position and orientation can be estimated for professional broadcast cameras alone, none of the previous works have targeted smartphones.In this paper, we investigate whether line pitch markings in combination with feature matching computer vision techniques can be used to estimate an on-site users position and orientation with sufficient accuracy to align augmented reality content with the pitch.


The propulsive properties of the energetic polymer glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) doped with carbon nanoparticles in the transmission mode were studied and a 1064nm Nd:YAG laser with a pulse width of 9ns was selected. According to the Propulsion performance parameter of GAP with different carbon nanoparticles contents and thickness, combined with plume image, the reasons for improving the propulsion performance of laser ablation GAP by carbon nanoparticles doping are analyzed and the design scheme of the structure composition of the polymer target is preliminarily explored. The experimental results show that the 1064nm laser absorption of the polymer GAP is greatly enhanced and the propulsion performance is obviously improved after doping with carbon nanoparticles, but the propulsion performance of the polymer can not be significantly improved by increasing the carbon contents higher than 1%. The GAP after doped with high carbon nanoparticles contents exhibits metal-like surface absorption characteristic and the absorption depth to laser decreases. Under the transmission mode, with the increase of target thickness, the incomplete ablation mass increases, which greatly reduces the utilization ratio of GAP. The optimal ablation efficiency of GAP target with thicknesses of 54μm was more than 250%, and plume images showed that ablation and decomposition were very sufficient. It is appropriate for the target of laser ablation micro thruster.


We describe an algorithmic method comes from Depth First Traversal algorithm for covering the nanoblocks in an easier and more efficient way in using BIST test method in Nano Fabrics. This method easily makes the high dense Nano Fabric acts as a Tree and then uses DFT to assign each nanoblock TPGs, BUTs and ORAs(the fundamental parts of BIST test method). The complexity of this algorithm when n is the number of nanoblocks is O(nlog(n)) and this quick order of running is very important because of the high dense nature of Nano Fabrics.


Abstract A quantitative analytical method has been developed for volatile pyridines in tobacco smoke using pyridine- 14C as an internal standard. Mainstream and sidestream smoke are trapped in 0.05 N sulfuric acid anti partitioned with chloroform. The acidic portion is then concentrated, adjusted to pH 3 and extracted with chloroform. Methanol and a trace of 2N sulfuric acid are added to this chloroform portion and the mixture is carefully concentrated. A trace of sodium hydroxide is added and the final concentrate is analyzed by gas chromatography. Twenty-one volatile pyridines have been identified. The mainstream stroke of a popular. 85-mm U.S. cigarette without filter tip contained the following major pyridines: 33.4 μg pyridine, 12.3 μg α-picoline, 24.2 μg. β+γ-picoline, 7.6 μg 3-ethylpgridine, 5.9 μg: 4-ethylpyridine, and 23.3 μg 3,4-lutidine + 3-vinylpyridine. The sidestream smoke of this cigarette contained up to 28 times higher concentrations of pyridines. Volatile pyridines were also determined i...


Relationship between the Uprising of the Independent Army and Secret Societies" (Lun zilijun qiyi yu huidang de guanxi), Luo Rongqu's "China's Delayed Modernization in the Early Days: A Comparative Study of Modernization" (Zhongguo zaoqi xiandaihua de yanwu: Yixiang bijiao xiandaihua yanjiu), and Gong Shuduo's "A Discussion of Western Learning in the Late Qing Period" (Wan-Qing xixue yueyi) demonstrate the restoration and development of modern Chinese history studies since the reform and opening-up and the contributions made by Chinese scholars to this field of study. The articles in each volume reflect the academic foci and growth points in the various short periods. The first volume's selections, for example, reflect the characteristics that typified the restoration and reconstruction of historiography from 1979–1990: its articles were written from macroscopic perspectives and were open to reaction and discussion. In the second volume, beginning 1991, we see a breakthrough in cultural history studies that are relatively microscopic – topics such as modern Chinese advertising, lotteries, media, intellectual groups, and footbinding. We see increasing developments in these studies in the third volume. Finally, it should be noted that renowned foreign scholars, such as Kiyoshi Inoue, Marianne BastidBruguière, Naoki Hazama, and Arif Dirlik, have published articles in Modern Chinese History Studies. This indicates an open aspect of the journal. Forty years is not terribly long, but they have witnessed large twists and turns in research, publishing, and Chinese society – a historical phenomenon itself. The collection constitutes a sort of academic history. The works of the representative scholars have recorded how the study of modern Chinese history developed during the 40 years, and from changes in style and format we see how the norm of historical research developed. The changes of topics and foci in the studies conducted by successive generations have brought fresh approaches to modern history studies and indicate future growth in this field.


Gellified emulsion (Emulsion in gel) have emerged as one of the most interesting topical drug delivery system as it has dual release control system i.e. emulsion and gel. Also the stability of emulsion is increased when it is incorporated in gel. Itraconazole is an orally or topically active antifungal agent with a broad spectrum of activity. The objective of this project was to develop a Gellified emulsion for control delivery for Itraconazole. In present work we prepare emulsion and then incorporated in carbapol gel. The prepared formulation was evaluated on basis of pH, spreadability, Viscosity, drug content, in vitro release and Stability Studies. The microbial assay and Skin irritation studies on rabbit was also performed.  The result of studied reveled that the optimized batch shows 95.08% release in 48 hours and stable for around three. The result of microbial assay compared with marketed product, the result shows 46.6% inhibition of optimized batch where as marketed preparation shows only 32.3% inhibition. While result of skin irritation test shows no edema and erythema. Hence it can be concluded that emulsion based system is more effective and safe system for sustain delivery of antifungal agent(s).


The sterilizing effects of apholate and metepa on adults of the azuki bean weevil have been compared. Statistical analysis of the data shows that the physiological effect of apholate on the hatching and emergence of the offspring of the treated weevil was about two times stronger than that of metepa.


We report a new photonic microwave pulse generator using a phase-modulator-based Sagnac interferometer (PM-SI) and wavelength-to-time mapping in a dispersive element. The key significance of the proposed scheme is that the phase of the generated microwave pulse can be continuously tuned by adjusting the bias voltage applied to the PM. Thanks to the wide bandwidth of the PM, high-speed phase modulation of the microwave pulse can be realized. Moreover, the PM-SI is polarization independent, which means that the PM-SI is insensitive to the state of polarization of the input optical signal, ensuring a stable operation of the system. The proposed scheme is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified.


Welsh poet R. S. Thomas (1913-2000), who published for over six decades, evolved from
a sub-Georgian imitator in the 1930s to one of Britain's most stylistically-innovative poets
in the latter part of the century. This thesis traces Thomas's developmental journey by
means of close reading, analyzing his various prosodies, including metrical, accentual,
linear, and visual. R. S. Thomas's prosodies were largely an extension of his emotional
interiors, but there is also in his work an integral relationship between style and place; the
environment in which he wrote poems was consistently reflected in the rhythm, language,
and structure of the poetry itself. In order to shed light on the workings of Thomas's
prosodies, this thesis makes use of poetic theory and examines Thomas's responses to key
influences: the Bible; writings in theology and popular science; and the literary works of
Irish, American, Welsh, and English writers.


Synopsis Now is a good time to work on the boundaries of practice and theory, of art and science. We are seeing a rising tide of interest in these boundaries. Witness the growing Bridges movement, which has been exploring the connections between mathematics and the arts. Similarly, JoAnne Growney's blog, Intersections – Poetry with Mathematics, explores the connections between mathematics and poetry. Through this review, I aim to give readers a taste of what can be found in Intersections as a way of encouraging others, be they mathematicians, poets, or neither, to visit the blog.


This article examines how Sebastian Barry's 2005 novel A Long Long Way explores the impact of the First World War in the construction of a sovereignty that is, against the grain of a teleological understanding of history, not incorporated in the official chronicle of the Irish independence from the British Empire. Through the lens of what I call 'negative sovereignty', which describes a form of agency that amounts to something less than nothing and is located in the obverse of the official historical record, I argue that the novel thematises the disruption caused by the war as a crisis in the hegemonic masculinity at the core of the national imagination. This article, thus, reads the novel's protagonist, Willie Dunne, as a 'queering' subjectivity that embodies this kind of sovereignty, provoking a suspension in the patriarchal foundation of nation-building as symbolised by the severance of his relationship with his father.


The effective action of superstring theory or M-theory is approximated by supergravity in the low energy limit, and quantum corrections to the supergravity are taken into account by including higher derivative terms. In this paper, we consider equations of motion with those higher derivative terms in M-theory and solve them to derive quantum M-wave solution. A quantum black 0-brane solution is also obtained by Kaluza-Klein dimensional reduction of the M-wave solution. The quantum black 0-brane is asymptotically flat and uniquely determined by imposing appropriate conditions. The mass and the R-R charge of the quantum black 0-brane are derived by using the ADM mass and the charge formulae, and we see that only the mass is affected by the quantum correction. Various limits of the quantum black 0-brane are also considered, and especially we show that an internal energy in the near horizon limit is correctly reproduced.


In keeping with the call for greater justice and diversity within the occupational therapy profession, many educational programs are taking steps to infuse diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) across their curriculum. In this paper, we will introduce the theoretical concepts underpinning the first assignment in a DEI curriculum thread in one entry-level occupational therapy doctoral (OTD) program, grounding it in critical pedagogy and exploring how it provides a first step to critical aptitude by providing space for an open-ended, reflexive dialogue about subjective experiences of internalized shame and marginalization. Students learn how to practice self awareness, understand shame culture, and recognize their own positionality within a greater culture of shame and oppression, particularly around healthcare. Evaluation of the innovation is presented, both from students and faculty, demonstrating the value in this assignment as a first step toward developing cultural humility.