Rats dehydrated for up to 8 days were given propranolol hydrochloride into the left brain ventricle in a daily dose of 10 micrograms. In euhydrated rats the single dose of propranolol diminished significantly the vasopressin content in neurohypophysis. In animals dehydrated for two days, the depletion of the neurohypophysial vasopressin storage was less marked under conditions of treatment with propranolol. At the fourth and eighth day of deprivation of water, propranolol did not modify the decrease of neurohypophysial vasopressin due to stimulation of osmodetectors.


Image captioning is an elemental which needs correct understanding of images and also the ability of generating description sentences with proper and proper structure. The captioning of an image must identify the objects within the image, their actions, and their relationships, in addition as any silent features that will be absent from the image. This has been a challenging task within the field of computing throughout the years. Using any tongue sentences to automatically create a picture description may be a difficult issue. This paper explores the numerous picture captioning models that are available. Within the past few years, the matter of generating descriptive sentences automatically for images has garnered a rising interest in tongue processing and computer vision research. The LSTM units are intricate and naturally sequential in nature. Our model can study long-time period visual-language interactions the usage of ancient and information about the future in a high-level semantic domain via combining two different LSTM networks and a deep CNN. We used two publicly available datasets to demonstrate the utility of this strategy: Flickr8k and Flickr30k. Flickers has an API that may be used for image collections. We will use the APIs to search out images and explore for them by tag as an example, you'll search images for common day items/places and buildings like burger, temple, etc. We provide multiple approaches to picture captioning supported deep learning similarly as distinct evaluation strategies during this survey work. Since present deep learning may be a black-box model, it's critical to look at the impact on each module to completely comprehend the model.


Abstract:In response to the increasingly frequent detour behavior of overloaded trucks attempting to avoid overload inspection and punishment, this article develops a bilevel programming model to optimize the routes of road administration vehicles by simulating the capture and anticapture interaction between administration vehicles and overloaded trucks. The upper-level model determines the optimal patrol routes of administration vehicles to maximize the number of overloaded trucks that can be captured. The lower-level model deduces the detour routes of overloaded trucks based on their circumvention behavior relative to administration vehicles. To solve the bilevel programming model, this article proposes a heuristic algorithm combining the ant colony algorithm and the labeling algorithm. To validate the proposed model and algorithm, this article uses actual rural highway data for Guiyang, China. The result proves the feasibility and superiority of the proposed programming model and algorithm. Compared to traditional overload management techniques, considering the detour behavior of overloaded trucks in optimizing the routing of road administration vehicles improves the effectiveness of overload management by up to 1.65 times.


The embodiment of the invention provides processing method, device and system for clock source selection. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a first clock source from at least two candidate clock sources according to a clock source selection algorithm and carrying out for synchronous processing on the clock to acquire processing result information; and if the processing resultinformation is asynchronous information, reselecting the clock source from one or more second clock sources of the at least two candidate clock sources except the first clock source by utilizing the clock source selection algorithm. The device comprises an acquiring module and a selection module. In the embodiment of the invention, when a clock node can be asynchronous with a selected master clock node, the practical available clock source is reselected for synchronous processing.


High-temperature series expansions were applied to the magnetic susceptibility of the quasilayered "eclipsed" compounds $[\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}{(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{2})}_{n}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}]\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{Br}}_{4}$ for $n=3 \mathrm{and} 4$ to determine the interplanar, ${J}_{2h}$, and intraplanar, ${J}_{1h}$, exchange and to test the predictions of the importance of the halide-halide separation in two-halide superexchange. The results are $\frac{{J}_{1h}}{{k}_{B}}=26 \mathrm{and} 29$ K, $\frac{{J}_{2h}}{{k}_{B}}=\ensuremath{-}26 \mathrm{and} \ensuremath{-}5$ K, respectively, while transitions to long-range order are estimated to occur at 40 and 19 K. The strength of the exchange interaction as a function of halide separation through the linear two-bromine bridge between planes is shown to be $J\ensuremath{\propto}{d}^{\ensuremath{-}11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3}$ which agrees with the earlier results for the isostructural ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ compounds.


I investigate how fragmentation of time across multiple teams influences the perception of role conflict at different levels of individual polychronic orientation (IPO; Bluedorn, Kaufman, & Lane, 1992). Rooted in multiple perspectives of role theory (i.e., role strain, role accumulation, and role transition), I propose two mechanisms leading from fragmentation of time to perception of role conflict (i.e., inter-role conflict and person-role conflict). Building on this, I argue that monochronics perceive increased levels of role conflict in multiteaming situations. Meanwhile, their polychronic counterparts are predicted to even report reduced perceptions of role conflict at an increasing fragmentation of time across multiple teams. Finally, I also examine conditional indirect effects on distal outcomes, such as job performance, job satisfaction, and well-being. The proposed model is tested in a longitudinal sample of 341 German employees. Multiple regression and bootstrapping analyses strongly support the hypothesized relationships. I believe that my work holds intriguing implications for research on multiple team membership (MTM), role theory, and polychronicity. Moreover, I discuss implications for organizational practice and propose several directions for future research.


Thick silicon films with good electronic quality have been prepared by glow discharge of He-diluted SiH{sub 4} at a substrate temperature {approximately} 150{degree}C and subsequent annealing at 160{degree}C for about 100 hours. The stress in the films obtained this way decreased to {approximately} 100 MPa compared to the 350 MPa in conventional a-Si:H. The post-annealing helped to reduce the ionized dangling bond density from 2.5 {times} 10{sup 15} cm{sup {minus}3} to 7 {times} 10{sup 14} cm{sup {minus}3} without changing the internal stress. IR spectroscopy and hydrogen effusion measurements implied the existence of microvoids and tiny crystallites in the material showing satisfactory electronic properties. P-I-N diodes for radiation detection applications have been realized out of the new material.


Yucatan Mini-pigs were exposed on their flank to 0.5 milli second 1318 nm pulses of laser light. The ED50 damage threshold was determined for this laser exposure combination. The skin was assessed for injury immediately, at 1 hour, 24 hours and three days post exposure. Generally, at least 24 hours was required for visible lesions to form. It was found that as the duration between exposure and assessment expanded the injury was more easily visualized. Tissue samples were collected for histology at one hour, 24 hours and three days. Histologic sections will be presented in future work. It was also found that the topical application of mineral oil to the area of interest was found to greatly increase the ease of identification of injuries.


BACKGROUND
Botulism is a rare, life-threatening paralytic illness. BAT® [Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A,B,C,D,E,F,G)-(Equine)] is an equine-derived heptavalent botulinum antitoxin product indicated for the treatment of symptomatic botulism following documented or suspected exposure to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A-G in adults and pediatric patients. BAT product was US-licensed in 2013.

METHODS
In the US, from October 2014 through July 2017, safety and clinical outcomes data was collected under a registry for patients treated with BAT product.

RESULTS
Registry patients had a median age of 51 years (range, 32 days to 92 years). Among 162 patients, 7 (4.3%) experienced BAT product-related serious adverse events, including 1 (0.6%) report each of pneumonia, pneumonia aspiration, ventricular tachycardia, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, anaphylactic reaction, acute kidney injury, and acute myocardial infarction. Thirty-one (19.1%) patients had 41 BAT product-related adverse events. Six (3.7%) deaths were reported in the registry. All deaths were attributed to the underlying illness and were assessed as unlikely related to BAT product. Among 113 (69.8%) patients with a final diagnosis of botulism, those treated early (≤2 days) spent fewer days in the hospital (5 vs 15.5 days), in the intensive care unit (4 vs 12 days), and on mechanical ventilation (6 vs 14.5 days) than those treated late (>2 days), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
BAT product was well tolerated in patients. Treatment with BAT product ≤2 days of symptom onset was associated with shorter hospital and intensive care unit stays, and shorter duration and need for mechanical ventilation, showing clinical benefit associated with early treatment.


The present invention provides a composition comprising microfibrillated cellulose having improved rheological properties such that the low viscosity at high dry content. The present invention is higher in dry content also to achieve a composition with improved rheological properties such that a low viscosity, microfibrillated cellulose, monosaccharide, disaccharide, or oligosaccharide, and pigments to compositions comprising. The present invention further relates to a method for producing such compositions. Microfibrillated cellulose is produced by at least partial enzymatic treatment of cellulosic fibers, monosaccharides, disaccharides, or oligosaccharides is formed. .BACKGROUND


This paper aims to create a shorthand for video game history – from video games' infancy to the current subscription model that is dominating gaming. In this essay, I will apply the practices of historical media scholarship that have helped parse out television history (e.g., TV I, TV II, TV III, and TV IV) and film history (e.g., Cinema 1, 2, and 3.0) to define the various shifts in video game history. Gaming I represents the arcade and home system boom up until the 1983 video game Crash, Gaming II describes the post-Crash console period, and finally, Gaming III materializes due to the arrival of modern video game subscriptions. Rather than constructing an exhaustive account of video game history, this essay means to generate more studies on what video game history can mean in the context of the established academic studies on visual media.


Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), also known as ostegenic protein-1, is a member of the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) superfamily that is expressed widely in embryonic life and plays a critical role in renal development (reviewed in1). BMP-7 is expressed particularly by the ureteric bud and also by the nephrogenic mesenchyme and the collecting tubules. BMP-7 is required for normal renal development, as null mutation mice lack normal kidneys, and BMP-7 can promote nephrogenesis by isolated metanephric mesenchyme2. BMP-7 acts as a survival factor for the nephrogenic mesenchyme, preventing apoptosis and in conjunction with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF2), expanding the progenitor cell population3.


2,3-Epoxy-2,3-dimethylbutane decomposes in the gas phase between 388 and 456° by three competing homogeneous, first-order, nonradical reactions to give 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one, propene, acetone, and 2,3-dimethylbut-3-en-2-ol. k(3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one)= 1013·83±0·43 exp (–56,700 ± 1360/RT) sec.–1, k(propene)= 1014·77±0·76 exp (–59,220 ± 2400/RT) sec.–1, k(alcohol)= 1010·88±0·65 exp (–47,500 ± 2050/RT) sec.–1. Reaction mechanisms are discussed in which the initial step is fission of the ring at either a C–C or a C–O bond to give a short-lived biradical intermediate that may rearrange or decompose to give the observed products.


In Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand, concerns have been raised over cadmium contamination, potentially due to zinc mining activities. Although there is no report of acute toxicity on animals in this area, the impact of long-term environmental exposure to cadmium on their health are of attention. Water and sediment samples collected from two field sites (low-Cd and high-Cd sites) in Mae Sot during 2008 were analyzed by GFAAS. Year round cadmium contamination in water ranged from 0.0015-0.002 mg/L in low-Cd site to 0.0019-0.0023 mg/L in high-Cd site, while higher levels were found in sediment ranged from 0.1013-0.2206 mg/kg in low-Cd site to 2.9260-3.2888 mg/kg in high-Cd site. Microhyla fissipes was collected from each habitat in 2-month interval during wet season. Detectable level of cadmium residue was found only in the frog collected from high-Cd habitat. Gravimetric analysis showed that hepatosomatic indices were significantly higher in high-Cd habitat. Histopathology showed several similar alterations in the liver, however higher number of melanomacrophage center was found in high-Cd habitat. Renosomatic indices and kidney tissue alterations were not significantly different between two sites. Reproductive health in term of gonadosomatic indices (GSI) was not significantly different between male frogs from both habitats. But in the females living in high-Cd habitat, significantly lower GSI were observed. The results indicate that exposure to environmentally relevant dose of cadmium may interfere with the frog health. Using the frog as a sentinel species in this study suggests an important implication for overall health of animals/human in this area.


The satellite remote sensing technique has emerged as a powerful tool in recent years in mapping changes on land and land cover after various kinds of natural hazards. In recent years, the remote sensing technique has developed significantly in monitoring earth at larger to smaller scale in terms of hundred kilometres to few metres. The use of broadband wavelengths has provided the remote sensing community with a tool to exploit its applications in mapping multiple parameters of land, ocean and atmosphere. Numerous countries have initiated space science programmes and also planned to launch satellites to have detailed information about the landuse and land cover, natural resources and information about weather conditions. Using these satellites, one can get information about the changes throughout the globe within one hour to several days depending upon the objectives. The application of satellite remote sensing data has been used in a very limited manner in order to map the damages after natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, forest fires, cyclones/hurricanes, etc. for a long time. Uses of multi sensor data in a broad, visible to microwave, wavelength range have opened a new era in the management of natural hazards. For the first time, scientists made efforts to exploit multi-sensor data to study the changes in land, ocean and atmospheric parameters associated with the Gujarat earthquake that occurred on 26 January 2001. Numerous studies, using optical and microwave remote sensing data, have provided information on the damages that were caused by the earthquake and also changes on land, ocean and atmospheric parameters associated with the deadly Gujarat earthquake which took 20 000 lives and million dollar properties. These studies have also given evidence based on multi-sensor optical and microwave data that the land, ocean and atmospheric changes prior to the earthquake in the epicentral region of the earthquake. After the Gujarat earthquake, the remote sensing community made serious efforts to use remote sensing data to study changes associated with major earthquakes throughout the globe. These efforts have given evidence about the strong coupling between land–ocean–atmosphere–ionosphere associated with earthquakes of magnitudes of more than 5.5 occurring up to a focal depth of 35 km. Scientists believe that the continuous monitoring of land, ocean and atmospheric parameters in the seismically active regions of the world using multisatellites sensors are likely to provide early information about an impending disastrous earthquake. Soon after the occurrence of the mega Sumatra earthquake (magnitude 9.3) of 26 December 2004 which took more than 200 000 lives and affected people living along the coastal regions of Indonesia, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Maldives, remote sensing images showing damages and changes in the land patterns were seen by people in the local, national and international newspapers and on television. These images clearly showed the changes along the coastal regions, water logging, ocean wave pattern, loss of vegetation and forests along the coasts. Using remote sensing data, estimates of loss due to the mega Sumatra earthquake were made. Advantage of optical and microwave remote sensing data from various remote sensing satellites was also taken to quantify the changes in land and ocean temperature, atmospheric and ocean parameters, wave International Journal of Remote Sensing Vol. 28, Nos. 13–14, July 2007, 2883–2884


Recently, GQ published a list of achievements that a 30-year-old should have reached. Of course, very few were applicable to anyone but the editors of said magazine. Here is a list of accomplishments that is more relevant to members of the DA community:


In patients with measles we revealed the decrease of parameters of general power of vegetative regulation and power of spectra of humoral influences with the development of vegetative imbalance towards the parasympathicotonia. In the dynamics of the disease in convalescence period we noted the increase of the total power of heart rate variability and sympathetic activity, although these indices are reduced as compared with healthy people ones.


The quest to decode the evolution of homochirality of life on earth has stimulated research at the molecular level. In this study, handed mirror symmetry breaking, and molecular parity violation hypotheses of systematically designed π-conjugated rotamers possessing anthracene and bianthracene core were evinced via circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD). The CPL signals were found to exhibit a (−)-sign, and a handed dissymmetry ratio, which increased with viscosity of achiral solvents depending on the rotation barrier of rotamers. The time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and quantum efficiency measurement of these luminophores in selected solvents reinforced the hypothesis of a viscosity-induced consistent increase of the (−)-sign handed CPL signals.


A new quantum algebraic description of relativistic electrons, built on a conformal dynamical symmetry (SO(4,2 )), has recently been proposed to treat localization in space‐time. It is shown here that localization of an electron may be represented by components of a SO(4,2) vector which are quantum generalizations of the hexaspherical coordinates of classical projective geometry. The shift of this vector under transformations to uniformly accelerated frames is described by SO(4,2) rotations. Hexaspherical observables also allow one to represent the quantum law of free fall under a form explicitly compatible with the same dynamical symmetry.


The present legal definition of the term research creates problems with what can be considered for ethical vetting by the Research Ethical Review Board. The Ethical Review Act should be revised in order for student projects involving patients or quality assurance in healthcare to be accepted for ethical vetting by the Board.


We present results of force measurements between hydrocarbon monolayer surfaces across n‐alkanes (hexane, decane, and tetradecane). The interaction is qualitatively different from that of any previously studied system and, in particular, bears no resemblance to an oscillatory solvation force. Instead, the force is repulsive from about 2.5 nm, with the exception of a shallow minimum just outside a force maximum at 0.8–0.9 nm. At smaller separations the force becomes attractive and there is a weak adhesion at contact. We suggest that the force law is due to a steric effect—a repulsive interaction originating in restrictions on chain conformations of the alkanes at small surface separations. This interaction is accessible via simple mean‐field theories. The similarity of the liquid–liquid and liquid–surface interactions allows this to dominate over solvation effects. The results are of significance for interaggregate interactions in lamellar liquid crystals, microemulsions, and surfactant‐stabilized dispersions.


This article presents a solution based on continuous mode for designing broadband class-E power amplifiers (PAs), which is realized by transmission of the second-harmonic current with appropriate phase to load network of a class-E PAs. This theory allows selecting appropriate second-harmonic impedance causing part of efficiency to be sacrificed to get a bandwidth over one octave. The mathematical formulation for optimum load impedance in main harmonic, second harmonic, output power, drain efficiency (DE), and load quality factor (QL) is developed in this case. Theoretical results are compared with conventional narrowband class-E counterparts. To check the authentication of mathematical analysis and simulation results, a proof-of-concept broadband continuous-mode class-E PAs is fabricated using the CGH40025F transistor. The manufactured PAs show 43-dBm output power, with average DE 70% over the 0.6–1.8-GHz frequency range. Also, a narrowband conventional class-E PA for frequency range 1.2–1.8 GHz with the same transistor as broadband class-E PA is fabricated for better comparison. The output power and average DE of the conventional class-E PA are 42.5 dBm and 80%, respectively.


In recent years, electronic nose devices have become a popular approach for identifying respiratory disorders including lung cancer. Traditional e-nose systems have had very consistent principles and patterns of sensor responses. After coming to the realization that detecting cancer at early stages can save 99 percent of lives, it has become imperative to design a machine that can easily detect for lung cancer(the most common type of cancer) in a cost-effective and accurate way. Designing an Al Nose was a perfect way to counteract the problem. A tiny e-nose system with 14 gas sensors of four types was created and fifty breath samples were analyzed. Five feature extraction techniques and two classifiers were used to test the system's efficiency in recognizing and discriminating lung cancer from other respiratory disorders and healthy controls. Finally, the impact of different sensor types on the capacity of e-nose systems to identify objects was investigated. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of distinguishing lung cancer patients from healthy controls are 91.58 percent, 91.72 percent, and 91.59 percent, respectively, when utilizing the DA fuzzy 5-NIN classification approach. The findings imply that type-specific sensors might improve the diagnostic accuracy of e-nose devices greatly. These findings indicated that the e-nose system described in this work might be used in lung cancer screening with good results. Furthermore, while creating e-nose systems, it is critical to consider type-different sensors. This machine covers all aspects to most effectively develop a machine that can detect lung cancer that is user-friendly and low cost.


To guard against the flammability of asphalt concrete pavement, the flame retarding performance of asphalt mixture SMA13 was evaluated using cone calorimeter method. In this paper, two types of flame retardant modified asphalt and one type of non-flame retardant modified asphalt were tested. Experimental results show that the asphalt mixture can be ignited in a short time under the action of thermal radiation, and releases a large amount of heat and smoke, including poisonous gas. However, by treating the asphalt mixture with flame retardant the time required for ignition is increased while levels of smoke heat are significantly reduced. Therefore, the security of the asphalt concrete pavement used in tunnels can be greatly improved using the flame retardant modified asphalt.


The objective of this paper is double. On one hand, it intends to approach the African economy and its international institutional framework. On the other hand, it tries to analyze the influence of a set of variables on the degree of Internet penetration in the African countries. It has been carried out an econometric study comparing, at a longitudinal level, the different African countries, to determine the significance of the selected variables on the degree of development and penetration of Internet in the African economy. The methodology of the study is a fixed effects panel data model using all the available data for the period 1996-2005. This model tries to capture the common evolution of Internet use in 38 African countries. At the same time, it tries to explain the unequal (heterogeneous) evolution of telecommunications in Africa. As result of this paper, we can conclude that it is possible to talk about a double digital divide: Firstly the world digital divide, and secondly the African digital divide, explained by the importance of telecommunication infrastructures on the Internet penetration.


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an illness that was sudden, unexpected, and global. Primarily a disease of the vascular endothelium, the virus threatens all of core systems, as well as behavioral and mental health, during the acute and long-term phases. Attention is now being given to the identification and care of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. This article presents the case of a "long hauler" who presented post-cardiac arrest with a history of COVID-19. Diagnosed with Brugada syndrome, his assessment, diagnosis, and care are discussed. In addition, the need for early identification and care for patients with post-COVID-19 symptoms is addressed.


Design of hexaband microstrip rectangular patch antenna is presented in this paper. This antenna is fed by stripline feeding technique. The proposed patch antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS simulation software. Index Terms Microstrip Patch Antenna, Return Loss, Stripline-Feed, VSWR.


This paper assesses the accuracy of simulated wind fields for both the natural flow and that within a wind park environment. The simulated fields are compared with the observed ones in both the time and frequency domains. Actual measurements of the wind fields and the derived kinematic scaling parameters upwind and downwind of a large San Gorgonio Pass wind park are used. The deviations in the modeled wind field from the observed are discussed. 10 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.


The speed of light is identified as a fundamental base for a relational reality. Through Feynmanis attempt at justifying the Dirac equation for the electron by seeing everything going at the speed of light, we are then justifying the need to go past the formalism of the path integral (or any formalism) into a purely rela- tional approach to reality.


Structural Investigation of K-Feldspar KAlSi3O8 Crystals by XRD and Raman Spectroscopy: An Application to Petrological Study of Luc Yen Pegmatites, Yen Bai Province, Vietnam L.T.T. Huonga,∗, N.T. Nhung, N.D.T. Kien, M. Zubko, T. Häger and W. Hofmeister Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam Advance Institute for Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Institute for Geosciences, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany


A novel concept for a cockpit decision aid was designed and subsequently tested in two experimental studies. The concept was derived from an analogy with the Minkowski "space-time" diagram (Hawking, 1988), which is generally used to explain the four-dimensional space-time construct in theoretical physics. In the first study, a pseudo three-dimensional (pseudo-3D), low-fidelity, display animation was created and tested with two other two-dimensional paradigms: a distance-from-ownship based depiction, and a time-from-ownship based depiction of air traffic. Eighteen pilots were asked to indicate in various scenarios, whether a manoeuvre was required to avoid a collision, the initial direction of such a manoeuvre, and the most imminent collision threat. Response times were found to be the least for the pseudo-3D "space-time" display. In the second study, three different pseudo-3D displays, all of which used the space-time predictor concept, were compared for utility and acceptability. Eighteen pilots were asked to respond to various scenarios, similar to the first part of the study. The results supported the "pilot's perspective" display as a more effective display for conflict avoidance. Overall results suggested that the presentation of spatio-temporal air traffic information, using the "space-time" paradigm, may be an effective human-centered concept for probable use in a cockpit-centered air traffic system.


The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts a Quarterly Agricultural Survey designed to provide indications of crop acreages, amount of grain stored on farms and total hogs at the state and U.S. levels [2,3]. An important item collected on the surveys is the total cropland contained in each selected farming operation. Although official estimates on cropland are not published by NASS, this item is used to evaluate individual crop acreage indications and to impute individual crop acreage values for nonrespondents. However, in most nonresponse situations, total cropland must be imputed before individual crop acreage values can be imputed. This paper reports results of research conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the item imputation procedure used by NASS for total cropland. 'Truth' data were collected in the 1990 June Reinterview Survey for a subsample of the sample units that were nonrespondents in the June Agricultural Indiana and Ohio. allowed examination due to imputation assumption that the values represent values. Survey in These data of the bias under the reinterview the true The Quarterly Agricultural is a multiple frame survey which consists of sample units from the list frame and from an area frame. The area frame provides complete coverage of the farm population, but does not provide the required precision, so the MF survey relies primarily on the sample units from the list frame and uses area frame units to account for the incompleteness of the list. A stratified list sample is selected for each quarterly survey where the stratification is based on historic control data for items of interest such as cropland, grain storage capacity and total hogs. The June Reinterview Survey (JRS) was conducted in Indiana and Ohio and included only sample units(farms) in the list frame. The June Agricultural Survey (JAS) was conducted primarily by telephone and the reinterview was conducted in person. For reinterview purposes, units in the list frame of each state were divided into three domains. Domain 1 consisted of units that responded to the original survey. Domain 2 consisted of units that refused to cooperate and domain 3 were units that could not be reached by an enumerator for an interview. Strata for very large operators were excluded from the


ABSTRACT The role of virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases (VAPGHs) in the phage infection cycle is not clear. gp49, the VAPGH from Staphylococcus aureus phage ϕ11, is not essential for phage growth but stabilizes the viral particles. ϕ11Δ49 phages showed a reduced burst size and delayed host lysis. Complementation of gp49 with HydH5 from bacteriophage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 restored the wild-type phenotype.


In this work the non-equilibrium dilepton production from a hadronic transport approach (SMASH) is presented. The dilepton emission from the hadronic stage is of interest for current HADES results measured at GSI in the beam energy range from 1.25 - 3.5 GeV. Also at high collision energies (RHIC/LHC) the later dilute stages of the reaction are dominated by hadronic dynamics. The newly developed hadronic transport approach called SMASH (=Simulating Many Accelerated Strongly-interacting Hadrons) is introduced first. After explaining the basic interaction mechanisms, a comparison of elementary cross sections for pion production to experimental data is shown. The dilepton production within SMASH is explained in detail. The main contribution to the dilepton spectra in the low energy regime of GSI/FAIR/RHIC-BES originates from resonance decays. Results of the dilepton production with SMASH such as invariant mass spectra are shown.


Electric field-dependent permittivity of n-TiO2 (rutile) along different crystallographic axes was investigated by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. The C12 versus U plots were fitted with a quadratic function of U, derived from a model that adds the effects of electric field dependent permittivity to the conventional MottSchottky equation. Only when atomically flat n-TiO2 single crystal electrodes were used, could the intrinsic behavior of the electric field dependent permittivity be observed. The principal components of permittivity in the ab-plane exhibited a weak electric field dependence, while a strong electric field dependence was confirmed along the c-axis direction. By taking the electric field dependent permittivity into account, we were able to evaluate accurately the flat-band potential and the donor density. Different photocurrent behavior between (110), (100), and (001) electrodes is discussed in terms of the electric field strength at the surface and the depletion layer width within TiO2. ©2012 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.


The solonetz soil cover 21.7 % of Novosibirsk Region, or 3 686.2 thousand hectares. In the Barabinsk lowland and northern Kulunda, solonetz soil is seen as agricultural land, as it doesn't make solid massifs, but occur as small spots among zonal soils (black soils, meadow-black soils and black earth-meadow soils). Regardless the vast area, solonetz soils fulfil 20 - 25 % only of the needs of the livestock industry, which is caused by low productivity in the natural state (1.0 - 3.0 c/ha of dry matter in the steppe and 3.0 - 5.0 c/ha in the forest steppe). The authors outline the necessity to increase solonetz complexes fertility and therefore improve precision technologies of farming based on various methods of land reclamation such as chemical, agrotechnical and phytomelioration with adaptive-landscape farming systems that preserve soil fertility and crop yields. Agrobiological reclamation is based on layer-by-layer soil treatment performed once per rotation. This treatment includes milling or distillation of the upper solonetz layer with further deep nonmoldboard loosening, as well as application of dry resistant, salt resistant and solonetz resistant annual and perennial grasses into the crop rotation. These grasses extract easily soluble salts and ash elements from the soil. The research results show the effect of agrobiological melioration on solonetz soils of the Barabinsk lowland. The authors observed the decrease in the number of salts in the soil profile. Particularly, the number of carbonates and hydrocarbons decreased; that indicates slight effect of soda in the soil formation. The researchers observed variation in pH from 9.1 (in virgin variant) to 8.1 – 8.5 influenced by reclamation. Graded tillage and phytomeliorants applied in the crop rotation resulted in higher fertility of saline soils and their chemical parameters equal to the values of zone soil.


Until recently there has been a general impression among a large proportion of the local medical faculty in Jerusalem that enteric fever was very uncommon and that typhus fever was practically unknown. As we are now basing our diagnosis of malaria increasingly upon the discovery of malarial parasites in the blood, we find that while on the one hand many of the most severe malarial infections, especially those with subtertian parasites, have little or no pyrexia, on the other hand, many cases which we should have called " remittent malaria" or "malignant malaria" or "typho-malaria" in years gone by, are proving to be of other origin. A case of remittent pyrexia which does not yield in three, or at the outside five, days to efficient dosing with quinine is not in our experience a pure malarial infection.


Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Xuanwei,Yunan province,during 2009-2012.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of hand foot and mouth disease in Xuanwei during this period.Results A total of 1503 HFMD cases were reported,the annual incidence was 25.45/lakh.HFMD became the 1st leading infectious disease in 2011 and 2012,while it was the 9th leading infectious disease in 2009.The incidence increased with year from 2009 to 2011.In 2011,the incidence was 42.26/lakh,which was significantly higher than that in 2010(17.23/lakh).More townships and communities were affected over time,and 4 communities in urban area had high case numbers.More cases occurred in males than in females(χ2=76.47,P0.001) and the cases were mainly reported among children.The incidence peak was observed during May-June.Conclusion HFMD has become an important public health concern in Xuanwei.


both intimate relationships "characterized by love and kinship" and "constantly adapting to changing needs and strengths" (23). Percy then addresses the Christian norm of ministry as a male preserve, as seen in the long linguistic tradition of reference to the priest as a father, the patriarchal/biblical privilege of male over female, and the conflation of God with Father. The richness of this study continues in Chapter 3 with the maternal imagery found in Christianity, from the use of the title 'Mother' for female religious leaders through the ages to the image of the Church as Mother (in which the work of birthing is done by 'Fathers'!). Percy reviews essentialist theories of gender in the Catholic definition of priesthood—Jesus was male, therefore, his representatives must be male—and biblical notions of complementarity and male headship in the Protestant definition. These long-held teachings come up sharply against a socially constructed theory of gender in the next chapter where Percy introduces a 'middle way', with the possibility of respecting sexual difference without devaluing women's experience and existence, as argued by Luce Irigaray. Chapter 5 explores the naturalness (and universality) of the maternal instinct. Although it is clear that the birth experience is specific to female bodies, Percy sees the assumption of instinctual motherhood as undervaluing mothering "by implying an unthinking response and a reactive behavior" (61). She offers the perspective of Nel Noddings on caring, a relational behaviour based upon a shift in focus from self to other. The caring practice of mothering, which is "a constant adaptation to a changing individual, altering kinds of care and involvement required" (97), is a metaphor which is well suited to servant ministry. In the final chapters, Percy is able to put together the pieces that she has so carefully arranged, arguing that the characteristics of pastoral ministry include forgiveness, caring, and compassion, that character is learned through practice, and that good practice is learned in relationship. She concludes by discussing specific aspects of parish ministry, which can also be seen in effective mothering, such as modelling behaviour, multi-tasking, and administrative management of a 'patchwork diary' in which flexibility is prominent. As this reviewer is writing weeks before a likely historic moment when the first female American president may be elected (with the candidate championing her role as mother and grandmother), we may hope to see the continuing re-evaluation of mothering as beneficial to the Church and to the wider society. Percy's book provides a thoughtful reflection upon the contribution of the mothering metaphor to ministry today, which faces serious relational and generational challenges. If nothing else, Percy suggests, the mothering metaphor will aid in the calling of clergy "to sustain and help all of the Church to grow up, to develop a mature faith" (102).


Neuro-ophthalmological pathologies require dedicated imaging studies for proper localisation and appropriate diagnosis. Technical advancements in MRI and CT have facilitated early diagnosis and treatment of various neuroophthalmological disorders. This review article has tried to focus on specific imaging techniques and imaging features of these neuro-ophthalmological disorders.


Modernity has a condition, an aU too human one, that accompanies it Uke a sweet innuendo and a sour noise: kitsch. Not only is kitsch generaUy regarded as confined to the post-French Revolution realm of modernity, but modernity itself seems to have found in kitsch its proper realm of the famüiar and the inauthentic—its temptation. Subscribing to the common place ofmodern criticism that deplores media's inabflity to provide "authentic, Uved experiences," GuIo Dorfles writes that:


A clear chain-length dependent effect was observed for peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation and carnitine acetyltransferase and also for mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The extent of modulation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation was higher with even-carbon numbered dicarboxylic acids than with odd-carbon numbered ones, although such a tendency was not detected in the mitochondrial reactions. These results indicate difference in the effect of fatty acid-derived dicarboxylates on peroxisomal and mitochondrial functions.


Non-specifically bound to the target nucleic acid, a member on the capture probe, having a member on the fixed probe, via a specific binding pair, by the use of a capture probe that binds specifically to immobilized probe, the sample the method for capturing a target nucleic acid is disclosed from. In one embodiment, the solution phase of the reaction mixture, non-specifically bound to the target nucleic acid specifically binds to the immobilized probe via a coupling member of a specific binding pair, the composition comprising a capture probe It is disclosed.


This article presents opportunities for teaching subject-based disciplines based on innovative technologies, specifics, definitions of the concept of "innovation" in the education process, which enriches the professional competence of teachers. In turn, the effect of youth on learning activities is reflected.Enrichment, in turn, influences young people's learning activities. In technical higher education, students are becoming researchers and implementers of new scientific ideas when they are given the opportunity to use the subject of innovative technologies. Innovative approaches to life, work, and professions are formed and sources, tasks and problems, analysis of learning conditions, setting learning objectives, selection of innovative educational technologies and active methods, preparation of teaching and didactic materials and materials, theoretical and practical training, organization of theoretical and practical training skills assessment, organization and conduct of independent work.


Th is article describes some important organic reactions catalyzed by different titaniu m-reagents. Co mbinatorial approach and green procedures involving the use of titanium reagents with other transition-metals (such as Sm, Pd, Sn and Zn) in photochemical procedures, and with the auxiliary techniques like micro waves for environmental friendly reaction conditions, are also discussed.


Hourly emission factors and marginal costs of energy carriers are determined to enable a simplified assessment of decarbonization measures in energy systems. Since the sectors and energy carriers are increasingly coupled in the context of the energy transition, the complexity of balancing emissions increases. Methods of calculating emission factors and marginal energy carrier costs in a multi-energy carrier model were presented and applied. The model used and the input data from a trend scenario for Germany up to the year 2050 were described for this purpose. A linear optimization model representing electricity, district heating, hydrogen, and methane was used. All relevant constraints and modeling assumptions were documented. In this context, an emissions accounting method has been proposed, which allows for determining time-resolved emission factors for different energy carriers in multi-energy systems (MES) while considering the linkages between energy carriers. The results showed that the emissions accounting method had a strong influence on the level and the hourly profile of the emission factors. The comparison of marginal costs and emission factors provided insights into decarbonization potentials. This holds true in particular for the electrification of district heating since a strong correlation between low marginal costs and times with renewable excess was observed. The market values of renewables were determined as an illustrative application of the resulting time series of costs. The time series of marginal costs as well as the time series of emission factors are made freely available for further use.


Recombinant DNA technology, combined with the current understanding of antigen processing and recognition, provides a wide selection of possible approaches for vaccine development. The selection of a particular vaccine approach can thus be based on the desired outcome. Modern vaccinologists can select from a range of vaccines including subunits, purified proteins or polysaccharides, proteins made by recombinant methods in vitro, live vectors, or polynucleotides. Therefore, the treatment can be tailored according to the immune response desired and the safety, efficacy, and availability of the wild-type organism or naturally produced antigen. This article aims to review several of the recent advances and major patent applications in this area.


The zero-temperature angles of magnetic moments in a helix or sinusoidal fan confined to the xy plane, with respect to an in-plane magnetic field Hx applied perpendicular to the z axis of a helix or fan, are calculated for commensurate helices and fans with field-independent turn angles kd between moments in adjacent layers of the helix or fan using the classical J0-J1-J2 Heisenberg model. For 0 < kd < $4\pi/9$, first-order transitions from helix to a fan structure occur at fields Ht as previously inferred, where the fan is found to be approximately sinusoidal. However, for $4 \pi/9$ < kd < $\pi$, different behaviors are found depending on the value of kd and these properties vary nonmonotonically with kd. In this kd range, the change from helix to fanlike structure is usually a crossover with no phase transition between them, although first-order and second order transitions are found. We also calculated the average x-axis moment per spin $\mu_{x ave}$ versus Hx for helices and fans with crossovers and phase transitions between them. When smooth helix to fanlike crossovers occur in the range $4\pi/9$ < kd < $\pi$, $\mu_{x ave}$ exhibits an S-shape behavior with increasing Hx. This predicted behavior is consistent with $\mu_{x ave}$(Hx) data previously reported by Sangeetha, et al. [Phys. Rev. B 94, 014422 (2016)] for single-crystal EuCo2P2 possessing a helix ground state with kd = $0.85\pi$. The low-field magnetic susceptibility and the ratio Ht/Hc are calculated analytically or numerically versus kd for helices.


The paper introduces the formation of mining equity market and the relationship among investor, operator for capital, and operator for production. Moreover, it introduces transition and circulation of capital in the market. Then, it introduces foreign financing of minerals exploration, including financing ways in different stages and applied conditions and advantages disadvantages of all ways.


The purpose of this study is to identify liberalisation initiatives in the airline industry and their effects on airline performances in southern Africa. The study addresses the liberalisation of the airline industry, namely, the Paris Convention, the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), the Bilateral Air Service Agreements (BASAs), and pooling agreements. The research involved an extensive literature search of liberalisation initiatives on the airline industry in southern Africa. This was complemented with personal interviews with several key personnel from seven regional airlines. From the study it is clear that southern African governments still oppose liberalisation by claiming to protect their sovereignty, yet they do not realise that the economic costs of this largely surpass the political costs they might need to face if the national airlines do not manage to compete in a liberalised environment and are obliged go out of business. Furthermore, the bilateral regulatory system remains a bottleneck in the overall development of the air transport network in southern Africa, thereby restraining the region's potential for tourism growth and regional stability and sustainability


Background/Aim: Adenocarcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater is a rare disease and has limited data regarding outcome of palliative chemotherapy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) in patients with advanced ampullary adenocarcinoma. Methods: From October 2006 to January 2014, we retrospectively analyzed 28 patients with advanced ampullary adenocarcinoma treated by XELOX regimen at single institution. All the patients had histologically confirmed stage IV or recurrent ampullary adenocarcinoma. XELOX was administered in outpatient clinic every 3 weeks according to the following protocol: oral administration of capecitabine 750 mg/m twice a day on days 1-14 and intravenous injection of oxaliplatin 130 mg/m on day 1. Results: With follow-up of median 24.6 months (range 4.0-78.0 months), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.8 months (range 0.7-26.1 months), and median overall survival (OS) was 11.9 months (range 2.0-36.0 months). One patient (4%) achieved complete response and 5 patients (18%) showed partial response. There were no significant differences for PFS and OS according to response by chemotherapy. The most common grade 3 adverse events in patients were nausea and vomiting (10.7%). There was no treatment-related mortality. Conclusions: XELOX regimen is well tolerated and show moderate activity against advanced ampullary adenocarcinoma.


When offered a choice of 5 known dactynotine host species in cage experiments, the aphidiine parasite, Monoctonus paulensis (Ashmead), did not exhibit a distinct preference for a particular species, but parasitized them all with equal frequency. Further tests, utilizing Pyrex® tubes, exposed 2 pairs of aphid hosts to parasite attack, i.e., Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and Therioaphis trifolii (Monell), and Sitobion fragariae (Walker) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). The 1st member of each pair was a known host in the Dactynotini, the other species belonged to a different aphid group and was not known to be an acceptable host. Female parasites did not display a preference for attacking S. fragariae in favor of R. padi in these tests, but did prefer A. pisum nymphs to those of T. trifolii . Nymphs of R. padi and T. trifolii were found to be physiologically unsuitable hosts. The results of these tests, combined with field data obtained in an earlier study, were used to depict the host-selection process of this parasite species as it probably occurs in the field.


Consider an ensemble of discrete-time stochastic processes. They arise from state-space models that may have entirely different parameters, but the initial conditions of their State vectors are Gaussian, i.i.d, across the ensemble. Existing algorithms to find the maximum likelihood estimates (m.l.e.'s) of the mean vector and variance matrix of the initial state are improved in this paper by (1) allowing for the possibility that in some of the stochastic processes there may be insufficient information to estimate the entire initial condition vector, (2) permitting the m.l.e. of the variance matrix to be singular (or nearly so), and (3) improving numerical stability and computational speed by the use of Cholesky decompositions. Included also are modifications to the EM algorithm for finding the m.l.e.'s and an efficient form for calculating the value of the likelihood function that is independent of the choice of origin and coordinate frame.


A model of the formation of hydrates in the system of phase states of liquefied gas - water (ice, liquid, vapor), which is in a stratified state or in the form of emulsions, is presented. The relationship between the amount of liquefied gas components transferred into clusters and remaining in the environment is described. The features of the kinetics of the hydrate formation process are reflected. Using the developed mathematical model of the formation of hydrates of single- and multicomponent liquefied gases, it is possible, in a first approximation, to determine the thermobaric parameters, the basic properties and characteristics of the process, which include molecular (molar mass, density and number of moles of hydrates, as well as gas and water in it) and energy (hydrate formation in liquefied gas - water systems) parameters.


An online real time simulator for a RTLinux based speed control system of SPMSM (Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors) is proposed. For realization of the online real time simulator, a motor mathematical model based on the three phase stationary coordinate is solved using a fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm in real time. The Runge-Kutta algorithm is required since the model includes non-linear operation, such as, trigonometric functions, square waves generated by a PWM inverter and limiter circuits, so on. The experimental system based on the RTLinux accomplishes both the motor control and the real time simulation at the same time in 200μs control period. The online simulation results show considerable coincidence with the experimental results.


The propagation of acoustic waves in a circular duct with a cavity has been numerically studied. The governing equation for acoustic disturbances is a linearized unsteady Euler equation. This is solved numerically using a MacCormack-type scheme with spatial fourth-order accuracy to obtain the multidimensional structures of the entire sound field. The present result shows that the sound pressure level of transmission waves is markedly reduced through the cavity region at the specific values of cavity radius. However, the level of transmission waves is not influenced significantly by the length of the cavity and mean flows.


A microwave technique assisted with dusty active carbon was used for the degradation of methyl orange wastewater.The contrast experiment of three different techniques,which are the microwave assisted with active carbon,active carbon absorption and sole microwave irradiation,indicated that the microwave assisted with active carbon had obvious advantage.The effective factors such as the concentration of methyl orange,microwave power,irradiation time,active carbon dosage on the degradation rate were studied.When the concentration of methyl orange was 305 mg/L,irradiation time was 10 min,active carbon dosage was 1.2 g/L and microwave power was 580 W,the degradation rate of chroma was 99.63% and the degradation rate of COD was 95.8%.


This tutorial provides a review of the state-of-the-art research and the applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for malware analysis. We will provide an overview, background and results with respect to the three main malware analysis approaches: static malware analysis, dynamic malware analysis and online malware analysis. Further, we will provide a simplified hands-on tutorial of applying ML algorithm for dynamic malware analysis in cloud IaaS.


Carrot (Daucus carota L. ) is vegetable of Apiaceae family that has a very significant nutritional and health value in human nutrition. Depending on the production system, the mineral composition of the vegetables also differs. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the status of microelements in a carrot's root and to compare samples collected at different sales channels on the Zagreb market (Croatia). Carrot sampling was carried out in triplicate in city of Zagreb in 5 retail chains, 5 markets and 5 organic products stores. After digestion of dry plant material with concentrated HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 microelements (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed differences among carrots sampled at different sales channels and with different production system. Average content of microelements in retail chains, markets and organic stores ranged from 15.34-19.61 mg Fe kg -1 , 7.97-9.07 mg Mn kg -1 , 14.62-14.87 mg Zn kg -1 , 4.38-6.11 mg Cu kg -1 . The data obtained from this study showed a statistically greater status of microelements in carrot samples grown in conventional production than in organic ones.


thirst fighting the corporate theft of our water is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the thirst fighting the corporate theft of our water is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The problem of dimensionality reduction for color representation of hyperspectral images has received recent attention. In this paper, several independent component analysis (ICA) based approaches are proposed to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral images for visualization. We also develop a simple but effective method, based on correlation coefficient and mutual information (CCMI), to select the suitable independent components for RGB color representation. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of our approaches.


IUP Library electronic and print resources to support research in business and related subjects. Resources for finding information about particular industries


Although pixel shaders were designed for the creation of programmable rendering effects, they can also be used as generic processing units for vector data. In this paper, attention is paid to an implementation of the YCoCg-R to RGB color space transform, as defined in the H.264/AVC Fidelity Range Extensions, by making use of pixel shaders. Our results show that a significant speedup can be achieved by relying on the processing power of the GPU, relative to the CPU. To be more specific, high definition video (1080p), represented in the YCoCg-R color space, could be decoded to RGB at 30 Hz on a PC with an AMD Athlon XP 2800+ CPU, an AGP bus and an NVIDIA GeForce 6800 graphics card, an effort that could not be realized in real-time by the CPU.


ABSTRACT This investigation deals with the modelling of turbogenerators when submitted to small disturbances in a region around steady-state operation. A preliminary investigation, mentioned in the paper, concerned two particular cases, namely, nonlinear steady-state and linear transient performances; results of both a theoretical and experimental nature have been given in previous reports. Consideration of a general dynamic operation involves linked effects due to eddy-currents and saturation. These are investigated in the paper and their description is provided by a linearized model of the machine. Experimental results are discussed and compared with theoretical ones; test data refer to a 370 MVA unit, and specify frequency responses for small departures.


Modeling human computer interactions as dialog, while originating in voice user interfaces, is becoming increasingly important for multi- modal systems. Different approaches with regard to formalizing and managing dialogues exist with their specific strength and weaknesses. In this paper, we present existing dialogue management techniques as patterns to give a basis for decision support when developing interac- tive systems in different scenarios.


Praxis The Praxis Series, developed by Educational Testing Services (ETS), has been the long standing assessment for teacher licensure. It is comprised of three separate skills examinations: • Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators (Core) o Tests designed to measure academic skills in reading, writing, and mathematics. o Attempting to measure content knowledge of candidates entering teacher preparation programs. • Praxis I Pre-Professional Skills Tests (PPST) o Tests measure basic skills in reading, writing, and mathematics. o Tests are often used to qualify candidates for entry into a teacher education program. • Praxis II Subject Assessments o Tests measure subject-specific content knowledge, as well as general and subject-specific teaching skills, deemed necessary for beginning teaching. (Educational Testing Service [ETS], 2014a)


Through documentary investigation,visiting and logical analysis,this paper analyses the condition of China's society district physical education.The author finds out factors that restrict China's society district physical education;and draws up a plan for college physical education to implement the function of society district service.


In this paper, we focus on the problem of joint estimation of DOA, power and polarization angle from sparse reconstruction perspective with array gain-phase errors, where a partly calibrated cocentered orthogonal loop and dipole (COLD) array is utilized. In detailed implementations, we first combine the output of loop and dipole in second-order statistics domain to receive the source signals completely, and then we use continuous multiplication operator to achieve gain-phase errors calibration. After compensating the gain-phase errors, we construct a log-penalty-based optimization problem to approximate ℓ0 norm and further exploit difference of convex (DC) functions decomposition to achieve DOA. With the aid of the estimated DOAs, the power and polarization angle estimation are obtained by the least squares (LS) method. By conducting numerical simulations, we show the effectiveness and superiorities of the proposed method.


The author considers one of the aspects of the Russian anthroponymicon research recorded in various genres of business writing monuments of Enisei Siberia of the XVII th – the beginning of XVIII th century, presents the typology of structural models of male names list, and for the first time introduces the data from the unpublished archival materials into scientific circulation.


During late 2005, a severe phytoplasma-like disease was observed in the Persian buttercup hybrid cv. Pauline in two commercial greenhouses in Southern Italy. Early symptoms consisted of growth abnormalities and shoot proliferation followed by decline, whereas at the flowering stage virescence and phyllody prevailed. The presence in diseased samples of a Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris-related strain, belonging to the 16SrI-B subgroup was demonstrated by PCR-RFLP and phylogenetic analysis. The same phytoplasma was also identified in two batches of ten individuals of Empoasca decipens collected during field surveys, but a Ca. P. aurantifolia- related strain was detected in a third batch of the same leafhopper species. Possible infection pathways for the disease in ranuculus and the risk linked to the new report of a 16SrII-B phytoplasma in Italy are discussed.


"Algos" are algorithmic trading strategies that are meant to optimize the execution quality of the trades in terms of transaction costs and market-timing. This chapter presents the transaction costs taxonomy and popular algorithmic execution strategies. Authors empirically examine a dataset of hedge fund transactions. Our results suggest that implicit transaction costs are characterized by a significant buy-sell asymmetry. To get some insight about the possible determinants of Implicit Transaction Costs, authors investigate the algo type and stock characteristics such as market capitalization, relative volume, inverse prior close, price momentum, buy indicator and trade duration. Both in-sample and out-of-sample tests show that a significant portion of transaction costs can be anticipated before the trade execution. Results show that high-level execution strategies can be constructed to optimize the algo choice.


Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of using branches of the lower trunk on the affected side as donor nerves,i.e.medial brachial cutaneous nerve,medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and posterior division of the lower trunk,after contralateral C7 nerve root transfer to the lower trunk via pre-vertebral route.Methods When the phrenic nerve and spinal accessory nerve were injured along with the brachial plexus,contralateral C7 nerve root was transferred to repair the lower trunk via pre-vertebral toute.Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve of the affected side was again transferred to repair the musculocutaneous nerve,medial brachial cutaneous nerve transferred to repair the suprascapular nerve,posterior division of the lower trunk transferred to repair lateral head of the median nerve.A total of 14 cases of complete brachial plexus root avulsions were treated.Results Postoperatively 12 cases were follow-up for 24 to 65 months (mean,35 months).Average shoulder abduction reached 39°.Results in 67% of the cases were considered effective (musele strength reached M2),and 58 % excellent (muscle strength reached M3).The average angle of elbow flexion was 77°,75% rated effective and 58% rated excellent.Finger and thumb flexion was restored to some extent.Finger flexor strength was ≥ M2 in 7 cases with an effective rate of 58 % and ≥ M3 in 5 cases with an excellent rate of 42%.Conclusion After being neurotized by the contralateral C7 nerve root via pre-vertebral route,branches of the lower trunk can be used as donor nerves to neurotize the musculocutaneous nerve,supraseapular nerve and lateral head of the median nerve.

Key words:
Brachial plexus;  Nerve transfer;  Microsurgery;  Hand


Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have found increasingly wide applications in civil engineering due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and high corrosion resistance for last two decades. This paper presents a numerical study on the stochastic seismic analysis of a cablestayed bridge subjected to earthquake ground motion using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) cables. Jindo Bridge is chosen and schemed using CFRP cables. The cross-sectional areas of CFRP cables are determined by the principle of either equivalent cable stiffness or equivalent cable strength. The analysis of the selected bridge is conducted and the results obtained for CFRP cables are compared with steel counterpart. The results indicate that response values obtained for CFRP cables correspond well with those of the steel cables. INTRODUCTION The stay cables have significant influence on structural appearance and performance of cablestayed bridges. Presently, the stay cable is commonly made of conventional high strength steel wires. Resulting in significant sagging effect due to its self-weight, the steel cable is relatively heavy on the structural performance; therefore reducing its effective stiffness and making it behave softer under service load. In addition, corrosion and fatigue are two major problems for the conventional steel cable in cable-stayed bridges with high traffic volume or the bridges located in corrosion environment, which cause the premature breakage of the wires inside the cable. Moreover, the cost of replacement and maintenance of the stay cables is generally high [1]. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a class of advanced composite materials used in civil engineering since the construction of the first all composite bridge Miyun, China, in 1982. The use of FRP composite materials are gaining popularity for bridge application worldwide and they have been used for deck, beams, cables and superstructures of suspension bridge, footbridge and


PURPOSE: A curable silicon composition for optical lens is provided to prevent transformation by thermal deterioration and ensure high refractivity. CONSTITUTION: A curable silicon composition for optical lens contains additive reaction product, organosilicon compound, and hydrosilyation reaction catalyst. The refraction of hardening material is more than 1.50 and glass transition temperature is more than 70 °C. The additive reaction production contains a compound with hydrogen binding with silicon and an additive reaction product with polycyclic hydrocarbon having hydrogen.


Secondary analysis is not a new research technique. Research reports have been reexamined for as long as they have been written. Likewise, data collected for one purpose have long been put to other uses. Though the concept of secondary analysis may be simple, evaluators have seldom addressed issues regarding the purpose of secondary analysis, its uses, and its problems. Further, the advantages of secondary analysis are bought at a price that has not been considered fully. Few


The role of occupational exposures in agricultural and industrial settings has been addressed in several breast cancer studies. Recently, the influence of shift work in nurses added as an occupational hazard that has been intensively discussed. Here, we investigate the association of job tasks in the industrial and health sector and breast cancer in a large case-control study. inter-views. Thirty pre-defined job tasks were for 1143 cases and 1155 controls in addition to the occupational history. Risk estimates were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confi-dence intervals (CIs) conditional on age and adjusted for poten-tial confounders. Results First preliminary results indicate an increased age-adjusted risk for women who ever worked in anaesthesia (OR 95% CI 1.03 based on fourteen cases and five controls. ever working anaesthesia. elevated risk might chemical exposures or night shift work. Interactions between exposures and night work might be relevant in the progression of breast cancer. However, the this study are limited by the low prevalence of risk jobs and specific exposures. Objectives To evaluate relations between occupational mechanical exposures and (1) carpal tunnel syndrome verified by ENG (ENG+CTS) and (2) CTS-like symptoms with normal ENG (ENG-CTS). Method We plan a triple-case referent study of 1000 ENG +CTS and 1000 ENG-CTS cases identified at a university department of clinical neurophysiology. For each case, two sex, age, and primary care centre matched controls will be sampled (risk set sampling). Both retrospectively and prospectively identified cases will be included with standardised clinical examination of the last-mentioned group. Conditional logistic regression analyses will be performed comparing the two case control sets, while unconditional logistic regression will be applied comparing ENG+CTS cases to ENG-CTS controls. Questionnaire information will be collected on job history, lifestyle, symptoms, and dis-ability. Job titles will be linked to a job exposure matrix (JEM) based on measurements of hand-wrist movements (goniometer measurements) and expert ratings.


We compared the cutaneous microvascular vasomotion responses of 8 young (23 ± 1 yr) and 8 older (68 ± 2 yr) adults in the forearm and leg using laser‐Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) and wavelet analysis to investigate endothelial, neurogenic, and myogenic activity. We measured cutaneous microvascular responses at uncontrolled basal temperature (27 ± 2.2 °C), controlled basal temperature (33 °C), and initial vasodilation (onset of heating), and sustained vasodilation, at 42 and 44 °C, in response to both a slow (0.1 °C · 10 s‐1) and a fast (0.5 °C · 10 s‐1) local heating protocol. At baseline (no heating), there were no differences between the groups (all P > 0.05). At a controlled local temperature of 33 °C (thermoneutral), neurogenic activity was higher in the leg of the young compared to the older group (P = 0.04). Following the initiation of the heating protocols, the young participants responded with higher neurogenic activity in the forearm compared to the older group during fast local heating (P = 0.03), but not in response to slow local heating (P > 0.05). In the leg, the young group had higher endothelial nitric oxideindependent activity compared to the older group (P = 0.01) for both heating protocols. The young group also had an increase in endothelial nitric oxide‐dependent activity during the slow protocol (P < 0.001), while the older cohort experienced increases in neurogenic (P = 0.02) and myogenic (P = 0.04) activity. Following 35 min at 42 °C, neurogenic activity was significantly increased in the leg of the older group compared to the young group during the slow heating protocol (P = 0.02). Furthermore, after increasing local temperature from 42 to 44 °C, the older adults had higher endothelial nitric oxide‐independent activity (P = 0.04) in the forearm of the fast protocol while the young subjects had higher neurogenic activity (P = 0.04). Neurogenic activity in the leg of the older group was increased (P = 0.02) during the fast protocol at 44 °C. These results suggest that regional differences in the response to local heating persist with age and that the primary mechanisms responsible for vasodilation caused by local heating are diminished with age; however, overall vasodilation is offset by the other mechanisms. Moreover, our results suggest that as we age the reliance on endothelial activity shifts from endothelial nitric oxide‐dependent to endothelial nitric oxide‐independent mechanisms. These data suggest that the cutaneous bioavailability of nitric oxide is diminished with age.


Chinese patent medicines have good therapeutic effect in common rheumatic diseases treatment such as rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,Sjogren 's syndrome,ankylosing spondylitis,osteoarthritis,primary osteoporosis and so on.As an adjuvant for antirheumatic medicine,Chinese patent medicines could not only improve the efficacy but also reduce the dosage of anti-rheumatic western medicines and to reduce their adverse reactions.It will help to improve the therapeutic effect that choosing a proper Chinese patent medicine according to patients'different pathological stage and the symptom differentiation.


According to the topological structure of wind-storage-load complementary microgrids, this paper proposes an energy coordinative optimization method based on the prediction framework to achieve the coordination control of energy allocation and improve the economic benefits of microgrids. In the first place, according to the requirements of the actual constraints, the external characteristic mathematical model of distributed generation(DG) units including wind turbines and storage batteries are established. Meanwhile, the minimum consumption cost from the external grid is set as the objective function, then based on the basic framework of receding horizon optimization, an evolutionary algorithm for complex-process optimization(EACOP) is employed to find optimal solutions for the control variable at every moment in the predictive horizon of microgrid system according to the predictive result of wind and load power. Through predicting storage battery's state and estimating the energy between microgrid and external grid, microgrid's economic optimization coordination control scheme based on the predictive receding horizon control framework can be realized. As illustrated by the simulation result, the scheme is capable of taking full advantage of the receding horizon optimization and EACOP and guaranteeing the dynamic interaction among sub-systems of microgrid, realizing energy coordination control andeconomical optimization among the components of microgrid, and lowering microgrid operation cost reasonably, thus the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified.


Purpose: Primary mediastinal large cell lymphoma PMLCL is a recently described entity which has provoked considerable interest lately. The unique immunophenotype of the malignant cell, as well as conflicting reports regarding its response to therapy, prompted us to review the current literature focusing on the pathological and clinical aspects of this disease.


The X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS; [1]) has been in operation for more than six years in the orbit. The X-ray CCD instrument is subject to degradation in the orbit both continuously (e.g., increase in CTI) and discontinuously (e.g., micro-meteorite impacts). The XIS team continues their calibration and operation efforts to maintain the best performance that it can achieve. In this article, we summarize the results obtained since the previous Suzaku conference held in June 2009.


The new glass system 60B2O3-30PbO-(10-x)Li2O-xHo2O3 (where x =0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mol%) were prepared by conventional melt quenching method. The XRD spectrum confirms the amorphous nature of the sample. The density of these glasses is measured by using Archimedes principle, the values range from 4.23 g/cm-3 to 4.34 g/cm-3 and the corresponding molar volumes are calculated. The optical absorbance studies were carried out on these glasses in the wavelength range of 200nm to 1100nm. The measured optical direct band gap energies were in the range of 3.072eV to 3.259eV and the optical indirect band gap energies in the range of 2.658eV to 2.846eV. The refractive indices of these glasses were measured by using Abbe refractometer and the corresponding polarizabilities of oxide ions are calculated by using Lorentz-Lorentz relations.


Based on the investigation into informatization construction status in 38 hospitals of Shandong province,the achievements of hospital informatization construction are affirmed.Meanwhile, the problems and deficiencies in six aspects including informatization understanding,fund investment, management model,whole planning,professional standard and personnel training are summerized through the analysis of some concrete numbers.The corresponding countermeasures and solutions are proposed as follows:①strengthen organizational leadership and establish development plan;②increse in- vestment in information continuously and allocate funds rationally;③develop clinical information system and perfect economic management system;④establish standards and cooperate mutually;⑤train high- quality teams and build a good informatization atmosphere.


The present project presented cinematographic productions made by deaf subjects or ones that represent the culture of this linguistic minority. The purpose of this proposal is to present and discuss the 'deaf' audiovisual productions in order to better understand how the deaf subject appropriates the cinematographic language and uses their propensity to visualize their culture through cinema. To achieve this goal, research was carried out on cinematographic works by deaf filmmakers or hearing filmmakers who represent the deaf culture around the world. Subsequently, the most expressive works were selected to be screened in the film club sessions. After each session, a discussion was conducted, guided by questions about the language, aesthetics and representation of the deaf in cinema.


This article explores the relationship between the organization of rural survival in Mexico, transnational migration, and changes in the global political economy. It examines the cultural and social implications of the sur- vival of participants in a migratory circuit that connects Huaquechula, in the state of Puebla, with metropolitan New York. It argues that notwithstanding the continuities observed in rural ways of life in Mexico, the transformations regis- tered in the Mexican countryside in the last three decades have brought about significant ruptures in the social and cultural organization of survival.


Nearby core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are powerful multi-messenger sources for gravitationalwave, neutrino and electromagnetic telescopes as they emit gravitational waves in the ideal frequency band for ground based detectors. Once a CCSN gravitational-wave signal is detected, we will need to determine the parameters of the signal, and understand how those parameters relate to the source's explosion, progenitor and remnant properties. This is a challenge due to the stochastic nature of CCSN explosions, which is imprinted on their time series gravitational waveforms. In this paper, we perform Bayesian parameter estimation of CCSN signals using an asymmetric chirplet signal model to represent the dominant high-frequency mode observed in spectrograms of CCSN gravitational-wave signals. We use design sensitivity Advanced LIGO noise and CCSN waveforms from four different hydrodynamical supernova simulations with a range of different progenitor stars. We determine how well our model can reconstruct time-frequency images of the emission modes, and show how well we can determine parameters of the signal such as the frequency, amplitude, and duration. We show how the parameters of our signal model may allow us to place constraints on the proto-neutron star mass and radius, the turbulent kinetic energy onto the proto-neutron star, and the time of shock revival.


The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic development and pathogenicity of the Metorchis orientalis in infected chicken.Metacercariae of the Metorchis orientalis in Pseudorasbora parva from epidemic area in Pucheng County,Fujian Province were isolated for quantitative infection of experimental chicken in different groups.These animals were then anatomized at different periods for collection rate of parasite and the identification of parasite development.Daily observation on clinical changes in experimental chicken was conducted,and the pathological changes in liver and gallbladder were also observed simultaneously by conventional paraffin section.The results showed that a rapid development of Metorchis orientalis in chicken,while the individual development was not simultaneous,and all parasites were not mature until 6th week p.i.The infected chicken grew slowly,in the situation of arrested development and high mortality.The longer for the infection time,the lower for the parasite recovery rate and severer the pathological changes in liver.It's suggested that Metorchis orientalis could develop rapidly in chicken in vivo and have high pathogenicity in the hosts.


Introduction: To study the efficacy of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS; Mirena) in conservative management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Materials and Methods: Seventy women between 30 and 55 years with AUB were included in a study conducted over a period of 3 years. Response was assessed monthly for first 4 months and then yearly for maximum 2 years. Results: Mirena caused a 80% decrease in median menstrual blood loss (MBL) at 4 months, 95% decrease in MBL by 1 year, and 100% decrease (amenorrhea) by 2 years. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) % showed a significant rise of 7.8% from baseline 4 months post Mirena insertion. Mirena acted as an effective contraceptive in women not using any other form of contraception. Hysterectomy could be avoided in most of the women. Conclusion: Mirena provides an incredible nonsurgical alternative in treatment of menorrhagia. Its effects are reversible and it is an excellent fertility-sparing device. It is also an effective contraceptive.


Biometric recognition is more and more important due to security applications all over the world. Mobile phone becomes popular in recent years. Therefore, voice recognition on mobile devices for recognizing a speaker's identity plays a potential role. This paper presents a speaker recognition method which combines a non-linear feature, named spectral dimension (SD), with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). In order to improve the performance of the proposed scheme, the Mel-scale method is adopted for allocating sub-bands and the pattern matching is trained by Gaussian mixture model. Some problems related to spectral dimension are discussed and the comparison with other simple spectral features is made. We observe that our proposed methods can improve the performance in different components. For instance, speaker verification combining MFCC with our proposed SD features gives a good performance of EER=2.31% by 32_Multi-GMM. The relative improvement of about 22% may be achieved, which is better than the method that is based only on MFCC with EER=2.96%. Index Terms – Biometric Recognition, Personal Authentication, Speaker Identification, Speaker Verification, Fractal Dimension, Spectral Dimension.


B cells recognize specific antigens by their membrane-bound B-cell receptor (BCR). Functional BCR genes are assembled in pre-B cells by recombination of the variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes [V(D)J recombination]. When B cells participate in germinal centre reactions, non-templated point mutations are introduced into BCR genes by somatic hypermutation (SHM) (Rajewsky, 1996). V(D)J recombination and SHM create virtually unlimited BCR repertoires. Many research applications require identification of fulllength BCR sequences expressed in biological samples. BCR are commonly identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with upstream primers that anneal to conserved stretches in variable or leader gene segments. BIOMED-2 is the current European standard protocol to assess BCR clonality as diagnostic criterion for lymphoma (van Dongen et al, 2003). However, a single point mutation in a primer binding site can obscure a dominant clonal BCR (Wu et al, 2009), whereas reliable identification of functional BCR genes is essential to avoid erroneous conclusions about the BCR (Koning et al, 2014). Therefore, several investigators have emphasized the need for an unbiased method of BCR amplification (Warren et al, 2013; Georgiou et al, 2014; Koning et al, 2014). We here describe ARTISAN PCR (Anchoring Reverse Transcription of Immunoglobulin Sequences and Amplification by Nested PCR) as a truly unbiased method with excellent applicability. Polyadenylated mRNA (Dynabeads mRNA DIRECT Kit, Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA) was directly isolated from thawed suspensions of cryopreserved cells, or from 10 lm sections of fresh frozen material that was homogenized immediately upon addition of lysis buffer. Isolation of B cells by magnetic beads prior to mRNA isolation was found to be dispensable. Reverse primers (Table SI) were designed to anneal to a consensus sequence from all functional alleles of l, c, a, j, and k Ig constant regions included in the ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) database (Lefranc et al, 1999). Messenger RNA was mixed with reverse transcription primers and the SA.rt anchor oligonucleotide (Table SII). Synthesis of cDNA was performed with a reverse transcriptase that adds a non-templated 30 polycytosine terminus (Zhu et al, 2001). Annealing of the SA.rt oligonucleotide to this polycytosine stretch creates a template for extension of the cDNA with the complementary SA.rt sequence in the same reaction. Subsequent PCR amplification of anchored cDNA was performed with anchor-specific primer SA.pcr in combination with a nested primer that anneals to one of the constant regions of interest (Cl.pcr, Cc.pcr, Ca.pcr, Cj.pcr, or Ck.pcr; Table SI and Table SII). The efficacy of ARTISAN PCR was compared with a BIOMED-2-based multiplex PCR kit (IGH FR1, IGK tube A and IGL Clonality Assays, Invivoscribe, San Diego, CA, USA). For massive parallel sequencing, column-purified ARTISAN amplicons were barcoded by PCR (Table SII). Samples were sequenced on the PacBio RS system (Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA). After filtering for a minimum of eight passes (SMRT Portal software, Pacific Biosciences) and correction of indels in polyhomologous stretches (Koren et al, 2012), sequence reads were analysed with Geneious 6.1.6 software and IMGT HighV-QUEST tools (Alamyar et al, 2012). PacBio sequencing of ARTISAN PCR amplicons identified full-length functional V(D)J sequences in all 39 Epstein–Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV LCL) tested (Table SIII). 10 cells sufficed as starting material. Each PacBio SMRT cell yielded >25 9 10 reads with at least eight passes. Of 52 VDJ sequences, 50 were functional and 2 non-productive. Thirty-two EBV LCL were monoclonal and were six biclonal; one EBV LCL harboured six different B-cell clones. The sequence error rate as calculated for clonal EBV LCL sequences was 0 126 9 10 3 per bp without significant differences between l, c, a, j, and k amplicons. The multiplex protocol failed to amplify seven VDJ, one VJ-j and nine VJ-k, indicating success rates of 87%, 95%, and 78%, respectively, compared to ARTISAN PCR. Complete BCR heterodimers were obtained by the multiplex protocol for only 37 of the 50 functional EBV LCL clones identified by ARTISAN PCR (74%). Dilution experiments with B-cell lines demonstrated proportional BCR sequence representation according to cellular input (Fig 1A). Anchoring Reverse Transcription of Immunoglobulin Sequences and Amplification by Nested PCR identified complete functional BCR sequences from cryopreserved primary cells in all 24 cases of various B cell (pre)malignancies (3 samples each from Burkitt lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, Waldenstr€ om macroglobulinaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis; Table SIV). Multiplex RT-PCR failed to identify four VDJ and eight VJ sequences, and identified the complete BCR heterodimer in only 13 cases (54%). Finally, ARTISAN PCR was applied to 17 fresh frozen excisional biopsies archived between 1988 and 1991 and labelled Correspondence


Based on fuzzy logic system with the properties of fully utilizing linguistic information and approximating any nonlinear continuous function, the decentralized adaptive robust control laws of nonlinear complex systems with uncertainties was discussed. By using the model of the complex systems and output information coming from the fuzzy logic system about uncertain factors, the decentralized adaptive robust controller and adaptive laws of parameter estimate of fuzzy logic system were constructed. Under some simple conditions, the laws and controller made the states of systems controlled and parameter estimate errors uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, the computer simulation showed the validity of the approach.


Several dammed lakes caused by landslides and rock avalanches appeared after Wenchuan earthquake. Tangjiashan dammed lake was the largest one among all of them, which resulted in obvious threats to people around. In this paper, multitemporal high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are used to map the waterline of Tangjiashan dammed lake and its change continuously, which is meaningful for flooding assessment and prediction. An approach combining different techniques is proposed for dammed lake segmentation. In this approach, subpatched intensity thresholding segmentation, morphological operators, and local Gaussian distribution fitting energy (LGDF)-based active contours model (ACM) are used in combination to get the final waterline. Flood-affected area is detected and its size is calculated for each segmental result. In addition, the variations of the flood-affected area are also obtained based on the difference of the above-mentioned segmental results. The proposed approach is tested on real SAR imagery acquired from three different dates in May, 2008 with high-temporal resolution in the same area containing Tangjiashan dammed lake. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


I propose in this paper that the nature of the so-called genitive Case marker uy in Korean should be reconsidered. More specifically, working under the formulation of Case in generative grammar-in particular, its GB and Minimalist incarnation, I argue that despite its traditional designation as a Case marker, the occurrence of uy actually does not entail or correlate with Case-licensing of its host. To this effect, I show that uy attaches, sometimes obligatorily, to elements which under standard assumptions do not require Case at all. Then I go on to argue that uy is in an allomorphic relation with some other element in the language used for marking prenominal verbal and adjectival modifiers, which further supports the claim that uy is not to be considered a genuine indictor of Case-licensing. Regarding the nature of the allomorphic variation in question, I argue that these elements instantiate an abstract prenominal inflection. This is supported by the fact that in Middle Korean, this abstract prenominal inflection was in fact realized overtly. This further strengthens the current proposal concerning the status of uy in that the primary function of the prenominal inflection, which is realized as uy in proper contexts in Modern Korean, was not to mark Case-licensing. Finally, I suggest that the function of uy is to make Merge in prenominal position possible, essentially following Cho & Sells (1994) and Chomsky (2008).


The Beautiful Jay (Cyanolyca pulchra) is a rare and local species found on the Pacific slope of the Andes in Colombia and northern Ecuador (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001). The genus Cyanolyca (family Corvidae) is comprised of nine species, all found in Central and South America (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Madge & Burn 1994, Dickinson 2003). The range of the Beautiful Jay overlaps with that of the more common Turquoise Jay (Cyanolyca turcosa), to which it is closely related (Madge & Burn 1994). Notably, recent phylogenetic research has indicated that C. pulchra is most closely related to the Azure-hooded Jay (Cyanolyca cucullata) from Central America (Bonaccorso 2009). The conservation status of the Beautiful Jay is near-threatened and has faced population declines since the 1970s due to habitat loss (Birdlife International 2008). We monitored the nest of a Beautiful Jay from 12–27 April 2009, from hatching to fledging within secondary montane forest habitat. We recorded rates of food delivery, fecal sac removal, time spent at the nest, and proximity to anthropogenic disturbances. This report is the first detailed description of the Beautiful Jay's parental behavior and nestling development; detailed information on the characteristics of the nest and eggs is being published elsewhere (Solano-Ugalde et al. in prep.).


In 2014, British Columbia's Liberal government released "BC's Skills for Jobs Blueprint: Re-engineering Education and Training" (BC Government, 2014). The document outlines the government's plan to align post-secondary education more closely with labour market needs, particularly in the oil, gas, and mining sectors; a key focus is the development of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry.  The blueprint boasts to create "1 million jobs by 2020" in the trades, without additional institutional financial investments. As the document puts it, "funding is not changing but programming must." Drawing on a policy sociology approach (Ball, 2014; Ozga 2000), I argue that underlying this new initiative is an epistemic understanding of education for, through, and as extraction. In Freire's (1970) model of banking education , the knowledge-rich teacher deposits information into the empty bank account (the student). The teacher can withdraw funds from the student in asking her to spit out exactly what was put in—a regurgitation of information which maintains the hierarchical position of the student-as-poor and teacher-as-rich. The notion of extraction education also seeks to maintain power relations but shifts the focus from 'deposit' to 'withdrawal.' At its core, is the idea of extracting as much as possible while investing as little as possible. There are three main ways the BC government endorses an extraction education: Education for extraction : The Blueprint is directed to train more British Columbians to extract more materials from the land. The government claims that 200,000 jobs will be created in LNG-related industries by 2020. Education—from high school onwards—is asked to be responsive to such development to ensure greater resource extraction. Education through extraction: An extraction economy requires extracting more from institutions. BC's 2014 budget contains $51 million in cuts to post-secondary funding over three years, with technical institutes and colleges particularly hard hit (CNW, 2014); according to the president of the Confederation of University Faculty Associations of BC, by 2016, "per-student operating grants to post-secondary institutions will have dropped by 20 per cent since the Liberals formed government" (Culbert & Shaw, 2014). At the same time, the government is imposing greater demands on regional universities and trades schools to meet the resource extraction boom. Education as extraction: There is the idea that an institution can deposit skills into individual students and then extract a job-ready individual. Ongoing professional development is not a focus of the Blueprint. Further, the skills needed for an extraction economy, as well as the economy itself, are treated as unchanging, easily measurable, and predictable. Extraction education reveals a neoliberal approach to education: a focus on supply (what we get out of the earth, institutions, and individuals) rather than demand (what we need to put into educational system to meet needs of the land, institutions, and individuals). In my paper, I outline four principal reasons why extraction education is problematic: environmental, financial, educational, and vocational. I also argue for greater collaboration and conversations among BC's different educational sectors in responding to the government's call for extraction education.