In order to improve the process of treatment and preventing adverse consequences. Dentists should be informed about prescribing errors such as type of medicine, dose, medicine interactions, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of prescribing errors in general dentist's prescriptions. In this descriptive study insurance number of1000 prescriptions which were written by dentists in Ardabil city during 1 year were selected randomly and evaluated as retrospective study considering errors of medicine type, name of medicine, dose, intervals, way of prescribing, number of medicines in each prescription, medicine interactions and legibility of prescriptions and then with data collected from SPSS.16 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis. Of studied prescriptions 71% had errors. Type of medicine, name of medicine, way of prescribing, time between doses and doses had been written wrong in 42%, 15%, 12%, 2%, and 29% of prescriptions, respectively. There aren't any medicine interactions between prescriptions. Regarding high percentage of errors among studied prescriptions, it is suggested to emphasis more on principles of prescription at university and retraining courses for dentists. It is possible to encourage them by reducing some money given for each wrong prescription.


In various embodiments, a method is provided for filling a contact hole in a chip housing assembly. The method may comprise: placing an electrically conductive discrete particles in a contact hole of a die package; and forming an electrical contact between the electrically conductive discrete particles and a contact terminal of the front and / or the back of the chip.


A new method is described for the reconstitution of cement-treated specimens of sand and silt for laboratory strength tests. Saturation of the slurry mix is attained through boiling the sand fraction at atmospheric pressure, boiling the silt fraction at a pressure that is reduced to a vacuum of 80 kPa, and mechanised blending of cement into the combined soil fractions in a rigid-walled former that is subjected to the same vacuum pressure. Reproducibility of the method is demonstrated from tests on four identical homogeneous specimens that yield a very narrow range in water content, bulk density, and unconfined compression strength. It is further evident in the trend of increasing strength with normalized cement content in those data.


In order to satisfy the demand of concentrated remote-control for several HF radios, the frame of concentrated remote control system is set up with CAN(Controller Area Network) bus. As a CAN node, the remote control terminal and interface unit of radio are designed. Concentrated remote-control for HF radio with exchange capability is realized.


References 1) R. Horiuchi et al., Phys. Plasma 6, 4565(1999). 2) R. Horiuchi et al., EPS, 53,439(2001). 3) R. Horiuchi, in the Proceeding of ICPP2002, (2002). Three-dimensional electromagnetic particle simulation [1,2] has revealed that, when an external driving source does not exist, the lower hybrid drift instability (LHDI) is observed to grow in the periphery of current layer in an early period, while a drift-kink instability (DKI) is triggered at the neutral sheet as a second instability after the current sheet is modified through nonlinear evolution of the LHDI. Based on these results, we investigate the structure formation process controlled by three-dimensional reconnection in the presence of an external driving source. For this purpose we have developed a full electromagnetic particle simulation code for three-dimensional open system in which there exist input upstream boundaries and free downstream boundaries [2].


Introduces the conception of Comet in Web application,analyzes and compares four major technologies of achieving server push.The long connection way based on Iframe is better.And makes a detailed analysis about Comet that is based on Pushlet,points out the main technology about the application of the Comet based on Pushlet.


It is widely acknowledged that student mental well-being is a critical factor in the tertiary student learning experience and is important to student learning success. The issue of student mental well-being also has implications for effective student transition out of university and into the world of work. It is therefore vital that intentional strategies are adopted by universities both within the formal curriculum, and outside it, to promote student well-being. This paper describes the ongoing development of the 'I Belong in the LLB' program at the Queensland University of Technology Law School, and the use of animation to engage students with the importance of mental health.


A selective and sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) method for simultaneous determination of lead(II) and cadmium(II) were proposed. The aim of this study was to get the optimum condition for simultaneuos determination of lead(II) and cadmium(II). The parameters were studied such as: variation of accumulation potential, accumulation time, pH, and variation of calcon concentration. In this case, the optimum conditions were reached at accumulation potential –0.7 V, accumulation time 80 s, concentration of 0.12 mM calcon, and pH 7.0. At the optimum conditions the relative standard deviation were 2.90% and 1.46% for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively for eight replicates (n = 8) measurements. The method was applied for the direct determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in sea water around Bungus, Padang City. Concentration Pb(II) and Cd(II) insample were 9.918 μg/L – 27.320 μg/L for Pb(II) and 7.997 μg/L - 32.521 μg/L for Cd(II), with recovery of 99.48%, and 103.28 for Pb(II), and Cd(II) respectively.


Mattson Instruments, a relative newcomer to the business of making and selling Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, broke ground last week for a new 24,000-sq-ft corporate headquarters buildin...


Bioinformatics supports all different life science fields by providing automated tools and methods. These techniques help handling problem instances in efficient ways. In general, all different life science fields have one shared aim, which is having a better understanding of all living entities. Different fields try to tackle common tasks from various perspectives. Many tools and methods have been proposed that help in answering biological questions for DNA, RNA, or proteins. For instance, some tools can do alignment, or secondary structure prediction on the sequence or structure level. The importance of non-coding RNAs is becoming increasingly evident. However, the discovery of many different kinds of these RNAs requires the availability of complex and sophisticated analysis tools in order to be able to handle this new abundance of data. Within the context of this thesis, a novel approach was developed that can identify and characterize aligned ncRNAs by using a machine learning method. Multiple Alignment Graph Generator MAGG is the presented tool by this work. It is a graph generating tool based on ncRNAs sequence alignments. The principle idea behind MAGG is to encode ncRNA alignments as graphs. These graphs can be efficiently evaluated using a machine learning graph kernel based method. Graphs generated by MAGG can encode information on the secondary structure prediction of the alignment. In addition, they can encode the evolutionary conservation of sequences and structures. MAGG builts four different types of graphs. Each graph can represent various types of information in different graph structures. By applying MAGG, the machine learning graph kernel based method EDeN can perform functional classification for ncRNA alignments. The results of MAGG combined with EDeN achieved a ROC value of 70% when testing on different types of graphs. However, some of the tested graphs are able to achieve a ROC of 90%. The first results obtained by this method are promising . Fur the future, it seems reasonable to assume that more improvement can be made in order achieve even better predictive performance. Also, an adaption can be done allowing the tool to work one different types of sequences like proteins for instances.


Introduction Given the marked population aging in the world, the incidence of dementia has significantly increased, becoming a growing health care problem. Suicide is a considerable health issue throughout the life span, being prevalent in older adults, and in many countries the highest suicide rates are found in the elderly. Thus far, the relationship between dementia and suicide remains poorly understood and inconsistent. Objectives The aim of this study is to do a non-systematic review of the current literature regarding the association between suicide risk and dementia. Methods We conducted a research using the Medline database, through the Pubmed search engine, using the following key-words: "dementia", "suicide" and "risk factors". Results Overall, the risk of suicide in people with dementia appears to be the same as that of age-matched general population. However, studies point to the existence of a number of factors that can increase this risk, such as: early age of dementia diagnosis, recent diagnosis, disease awareness and depression, hopelessness, male gender, failure to respond to anti-dementia medication, history of inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations, concurrent medical comorbidities. Conclusions Studies have reported mixed results as to whether dementia itself is an independent risk factor for suicide. Despite these findings, understanding the risk factors for suicide among people with dementia is crucial and suicide prevention efforts should be carried out in this population.


The distribution and excretion of tritium-labeled etorphine (a morphine-like drug of unprecedented potency) in the rat have been studied. The changes in this distribution brought about by the administration of nonradioactive cyprenorphine (a morphine antagonist) injected conjointly have also been investigated. The major route of excretion of radioactivity is in the feces. Cyprenorphine increases the rate of secretion of the labeled drug (in the bile) into the duodenum and its speed of propulsion through the intestine. The concentration of etorphine equivalents in nervous tissue is reduced by the cyprenorphine.


In this paper, we've studied Optical Fiber Subscribe Transmit system. After receiving the ATM cell passing through the FIFO of the Asynchronous Transfer Method from the ATM Layer images to the VC4 signal payload passing through scrambling of the cell payload, HEC computation of the cell and inserting the Idle/Unassigned cell. At this time formed VC4 signal passing through the generating and inserting POH overhead at the same time indicating the start point of the cell by the H4 byte on the VC4 POH. This ATM cell transmits 155Mbps speed changing the optical signal after outputting the frame format at the STM-1 signal generation block through the AUG bus after generating J1 of the VC4 start point at the AU4 pointer generation block


The purpose of this research is to analyze contribution of entrepreneurship courses and business work practices to entrepreneurial interests in Students of Universitas Dharma Andalas, Padang City. The experimental research design used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent group design. The population in this study are Students of Universitas Dharma Andalas who are active in the last five years. The total population of the study are 11,672 students from 12 study programs. Based on the calculation results, the number of samples to be used in this study is 99 respondents. Hypothesis testing is done through the Mann Whitney U test. The results of the study show that there is a significant difference between entrepreneurial interest in Students of Universitas Dharma Andalas, Padang City in experimental group who had taken entrepreneurship courses and business work practices and control group of Students of Universitas Dharma Andalas, Padang City who had not attended entrepreneurship courses and business work practices. Significant difference indicates the contribution of entrepreneurship courses and business work practices to entrepreneurial interest in Students of Universitas Dharma Andalas, Padang City.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Courses, Business Work Practices, Entrepreneurial Interests


The energy use of hospitals is among the highest of all building types. Within this specific group the academic hospitals, the high care hospitals, form a specific group with an even higher energy use. Given the necessity to reduce the energy demand, it is important to look for opportunities to reduce it without endangering the primary functions within hospitals, The HVAC energy reduction potential of isolation rooms in EMC is approximated using the Pareto analysis method, which enables to solve the majority of problems assessing the few major causes, called Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Special focus was on the barrier function within the isolation concept of an intensive care unit. A energy management study in Erasmus Medical Center (one of the University Medical Centers that face challenges in defining energy reduction measures) revealed isolation rooms to be a large energy consuming healthcare function. This formed the starting point to define a framework which lead to long-term energy reduction in the complex building


This NASA funded study conceived a revolutionary airplane concept to enable future traffic growth by using regional air space. This requires a very quiet airplane with STOL capability. Starting with a Blended Wing Body that is cruise efficient with inherent low noise characteristics from forward noise shielding and void of aft downward noise reflections, integration of embedded distributed propulsion enables incorporation of the revolutionary concept for jet noise shielding. Embedded distributed propulsion also enables incorporation of a fan bleed internally blown flap for quiet powered lift. The powered lift provides STOL capability for operation at regional airports with rapid take-off and descent to further reduce flyover noise. This study focused on configuring the total engine noise shielding STOL concept with a BWB airplane using the Boeing Phantom Works WingMOD multidisciplinary optimization code to define a planform that is pitch controllable. The configuration was then sized and mission data developed to enable NASA to assess the flyover and sideline noise. The foundational technologies needed are identified including military dual use benefits.


'Yundieyi'is a new Dianthus caryophyllus cultivar derived from'Rendiz-Vors'×'Odino'.The flower is big,with novel and pure color,good flower shape and fragrance.The long branches stand erect.The propagation coefficient is high.'Yundieyi'has resistance to transport and long vase-life.


This paper presents a frequency selective surface (FSS)-based conformal bandstop filter design for use in different types of planar and non-planar surfaces. The unit cell of the proposed geometry is based on a single metallic square loop printed on a dielectric substrate. The overall structure exhibits a bandstop response in the frequency range of 6.68 to 12.66 GHz, with a center frequency at 9.53 GHz. The topology is initially analyzed with respect to circuit modeling, surface current distribution, and parametric variation. Afterward, the structure is studied under different types of non-planar surfaces (x-axis curve, y-axis curve, xy- axis curve, hemispherical surface) using the finite element boundary integral (FEBI) method, and the bandstop filter response is observed across the operating band (with transmission coefficient < −10 dB) for all cases. The matching between the planar and non-planar responses confirms the conformal behavior of the proposed FSS structure.


A recommendation pending before the study groups of the International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) would abolish leap seconds in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). This would have significant near-term consequences to astrodynamics, astronomy, and other technical fields, and long-term societal and cultural implications. This paper invigorates the long standing leap-second debate with an open discussion of issues quietly considered for over a decade. It presents the pros and cons of the proposed change to UTC to those potentially affected by it. With the understanding that standards already accepted and implemented should be changed only in the most strongly justifiable circumstances, this paper recommends an approach that the authors feel meets technical, political, and operational needs.


Background: In Bangladesh, prevalence of kidney diseases is increasing day by day and it was observed that renal medulla is affected less in earlier period of life but in late period it becomes affected more. Moreover renal mass changes with age which affecting the medullary mass and consequently the number of medullary pyramids. So the present study was carried out to evaluate anatomical features of medulla and to count the medullary pyramids with age related changes in the number of the pyramids in Bangladeshi people. Study type: Cross sectional analytical type of study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2004 to June 2005. Materials and methods: A total of 70 fresh human kidneys of both sexes and sides were collected from the morgue of Mymensingh Medical College at postmortem. The selected cases were between 5 to 60 years of age. The samples were divided into 3 different age groups (A: 05-15 years, B: 16-35 years, C: 36- 60 years) to observe the variations in number of medullary pyramid of kidney in different age groups. Results: Among three groups, highly significant (<0.001) differences were found statistically in the number of medullary pyramid. Conclusion: There were changes in the number of medullary pyramid of kidney in different age groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18299 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.155-157


A large Central Illinois family with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD)and Paget disease of bone (PDB) includes 9 affected individuals (6 M, 3 F) ranging in ages from 33 y to 64 y Onset of the disorder is early, at a mean age of 35 y with bone pain in the hips, shoulders and back, weakness and atrophy of the hip and shoulder girdle muscles, and absent or reduced deep-tendon reflexes. Laboratory investigation in the affected individuals indicates elevated alkaline phosphatase (mean 455, range 93-1508 (normal 30-130 mg/dl), and CPK levels (mean 273, range 60-1145 (20-222 mg/dl). High-resolution karyotype did not identify a microdeletion syndrome. Muscle biopsies in 5 individuals revealed non-specific myopathy with vacuolar myopathy only seen in the oldest male Affected individuals die prematurely from progressive muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure in the forties to sixties.LGMD encompasses a genetically and clinically diverse group of disorders. Twenty-two genetic loci were excluded in this family by linkage analysis performed in 9 affecteds. 13 unaffecteds and 1 spouse with 4 autosomal dominant and 8 autosomal recessive LGMD loci, the Edstrom myopathy and ALS loci. 2 Paget disease loci and 6 cardiomyopathy loci, thus supporting our hypothesis that this family displays a genetically distinct disorder. Linkage anaKsis of haplotype data generated by Marshfietd genotyping Center will be presentedReview of the literature repeals three similar associations of neuromuscular and Pager disease Caughey et al (1957) described a family suffering from dystrophia myotonica and familial PDB. Tucker et al (1982) identified a family with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and PDB. and McBride et al (1966) found an association of PDB and a limb girdle type of muscular dsstrophv in four of si\ siblings Early demise from cardiormopathy was not a feature in these families Paget disease is known to cause high output cardiac failure and may therefore be contributing to the early demise if untreated Treatment of Panel disease is very successful with bisphosphonates A treatment protocol with risedronate, coenzyme Q and antioxidants is in progress to evaluate the ettects on Paget, muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy Identification of the specific gene mutation, however, may permit more specifit treatment protocols


The atmospheric pollution alerts to the need to promote thedevelopment of air quality monitoring systems. Equipment withlow implementation cost and energy consumption are highlightedfor highly scalable applications. The datasets generated by thesensors feed machine learning algorithms for the weatherconditions analysis in urban centers. However, sensor technologyused in these systems tends to be less accurate than complexequipment, resulting in a strong correlation between the collecteddata and the climatic elements variation. This paper studies theinfluence of temperature and relative humidity in low cost airquality monitoring systems. This knowledge can generate newapproaches to the monitored metrics conditioning and increasethe robustness of the low cost systems.


The anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is an entrapment neuropathy of the deep branch of the peroneal nerve beneath the inferior extensor retinaculum.The authors surgically treated seven cases of anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. Two male and four female patients ranged in age from 10 to 80 years.After failure of conservative therapy (steroid in filtrated into trigger point, vitamin B1 and B12 medication the patients underwent surgery.The patients complained of pain or paresthesia in the dorsum of the foot and the first interdigital space.At exploration, the causes of compression were as follows: cicatricial, thickened membranous tissue over the head of the tales in four cases, anterior protrusion of the anterior edge of the distal tibia in two, tendon of the extensor hallacis muscle in two, adhesion and scar tissue in one.In all cases sensory recovery occurred with in a few days after the surgical decompression.The authors believe that sitting in the Japanese style is one of the causes of extrusion.


Objective To evaluate comprehensively the corrosion properties in dental alloy through testing electrochemical parameters of four types of dental alloys and its coupled alloys.Methods The corrosion potential,polarization resistance and corrosion current density of four usual dental mital materials,which were Ni-Cr alloy,Co-Cr alloy,Ag-Hg alloy and casting pure titanium in artificial saliva,were tested by electrochemical method of the classic three electrodes system.The current density of Ag-Hg alloy coupled to Ni-Cr alloy,Co-Cr alloy and casting pure titanium was tested as well.Results In artificial saliva the sequences of corrosion potential,polarization resistance and corrosion current density of four dental alloys were Ag-HgTiCo-CrNi-Cr,TiAg-HgCo-CrNi-Cr and Ag-HgNi-CrCo-CrTi,respectively.There were significant differences among groups(P0.01).The sequence of current density of three galvanic couples was Ni-Cr/Ag-HgCo-Cr/Ag-HgTi/Ag-Hg.There were significant differences among groups too(P0.01).Conclusions Pure titanium has the slowest corrosion speed,so it has the best corrosion resistance compared with another three dental alloys.The pure titanium coupled to Ag-Hg alloy has the smallest current density and the lowest corrosion speed.The best alloy which coupled with Ag-Hg should be the pure titanium.


The Business and Professional Ethics Journal is a peer-reviewed forum for interdisciplinary research that explores the systemic causes of ethical challenges in business and professional life. It provides an outlet for papers that make significant contributions to the development of alternative theories and practices within business and professional ethics, and that examine why global ethical issues, such as poverty alleviation and sustainability, emerge and persist. We are pleased to announce the Journal's new editorial team at DePaul University.


Persistent budgetary crisis, though in different degree, plaguing all major states during the post-libralisation period is of great concern. Among the major states, West Bengal's fiscal imbalance has become the most acute due to the persistent mismatch between its own revenue mobilisation and revenue expenditure. This article intends· to examine the cause of such low own resource mobilisation of the state during the last two decades.


This field trial demonstrates margin-mining to produce additional short-term capacity. Algorithms for higher density modulation format viability in current system conditions are presented. Measurements show suitability of this capacity-maximizing approach for use in live systems.


By the advantages on its' early time, high resolution and cheap price compared with other high resolution satellite images, CORONA image can be used for change detection studies, DEM extraction, tectonic studies and other applications. CORONA image does not digitally record surface information like other current remote sensing images, but through the exposure on the film. Because of the recording form, it contains serious brightness deviation between different images. In addition, the panoramic photography of CORONA generates the geometric distortion. In this paper the region of Yili river in Xinjiang province was selected as the experiment area. Through the study on the pre-process of CORONA images, it finally improves the quality of image that could satisfy the need of GIS mapping and provide foundation for the follow-up process of image analysis and information extraction.


Heat flow anomalies on the oceanic ridges and the large free air gravity anomalies observed from the earth's surface and from satellites are often believed to be surface expressions of high temperatures and flow within the mantle. A simple model for the temperature within a spreading sea floor can, however, reproduce the shape and magnitude of the observed anomalies. Thus, it is not necessary for the upper mantle to be hotter beneath ridges than it is elsewhere. A similar model may be used to relate the free air gravity anomaly to the stress in the lithosphere. The results show that long-wavelength harmonics of the external gravity field cannot be supported by the strength of the lithosphere. Most free air anomalies observed on the surface can be maintained in this way, except possibly the largest of those over the trenches.


In recent years, growth of private and semi-private information has grown rapidly on information network so, mechanisms to search such information have failed in privacy preservation. In today's emerging information networks, it is essential to find a solution for accessing the data from large number of providers while maintaining a privacy . So, there is a strong need to develop a technique which provides user required information in ranked order while preserving the users privacy. This paper analyzes different methods concerning about privacy of data in the public and private networks and also, analyzes a system based on public cloud platform where data sharing is takes place between public and private systems on a network through authentication and encryption . This system works on local private server which controls multiple systems. This paper is motivated by the lack of tools for an access controlled multi-keyword search of data on the public and private network.


In this paper, we solve a forward scattering problem for three-dimensional fullspace elastic wave modelling. A system of integral equations in terms of the stress tensor and the particle velocities, instead of the displacements, is formulated. By using this new system of integral equations, we have no differentiations inside the integrals, which reduces the complexity of the numerical implementation. A CGFFT technique is applied to solve the discretized linear system. Moreover, several pre-conditioners and approximations have been implemented, which are shown to increase the computational efficiency in the numerical tests.


In reference work, patrons and librarians both share and interpret information needs through narrative texts or stories. Three texts essentially intersect to form the reference narrative: the patron text, the professional text, and the institutional text. The librarian interprets or translates these texts, working with the patron to reach a mutually satisfying conclusion to tire reference transaction. This article explores the reference narrative and its relation to hermeneutics, or the study of interpretation. ********** The daily exchange of information is full of facts, nuances, emotions, metaphors, and other variables, both explicit and implicit. These elements enable us to share our personal narrative with others. The function of a narrative is to "imbue life events with a temporal and logical order, to demystify them, and establish coherence across past, present, and as yet unrealized experience." (1) In reference work, patrons convey meaning through a narrative or story. A plot evolves as an information need, or problem, is described. The patron serves as the primary protagonist in this story, while the librarian is a supporting character, asking questions and paraphrasing to clarify the information shared. "Human beings think, perceive, imagine, and make moral choices according to narrative structures," noted Sarbin. (2) Narrative, then, becomes a mechanism for organizing facts and experience. The patron organizes facts and personal experience into a query the librarian must interpret and translate into a new story. The new story confirms the librarian's perception of the meaning of the patron's query and explains the library system in relation to it. This descriptive essay will explore the reference narrative, or the texts a patron and the librarian exchange during the reference transaction, and the philosophy of hermeneutics. The word "hermeneutics" is rooted in the Greek verb hermeneuein, meaning "to interpret." In Greek mythology, Hermes, Zeus's messenger who wore winged boots, was charged with "transmuting what is beyond human understanding into a form that human intelligence can grasp." (3) Hermes, in other words, interpreted the messages of the gods, translating them into terms humans could understand. Narratives require the interpretation of both the narrator, in deciding what content to include in a story, and the listener, who deciphers the meaning of what was said. The reference narrative and hermeneutics hold significant importance for the field of library and information science. Librarians, like physicians, are "required to understand aspects of personhood, personality," and "social and psychological functioning" in their interactions with patrons. (4) If a patron approaches the reference desk (or sends an e-mail query) and states "I need information on green beans," the librarian receives the content of a story, but not the plot. Plot evolves as the librarian interacts with the patron, making inquiries to understand the meaning, the context, or the "why?" behind the patron's question. Narrative not only provides a sequence of events, but also establishes connections between these events. Interpretation is required to understand both the tacit and explicit knowledge exchanged. (5) This includes the texts that are clearly stated, and those that are implied, inferred, or cannot be adequately expressed through language. Is the patron interested in the nutritive value of green beans, or how to grow them? Through the narrative dialog, the patron may anecdotally reveal an interest in organic gardening, and that an insect is destroying the leaves of his green beans. These clues, uncovered through narrative, orient the librarian to search for a natural, chemical-free method to address the problem. Leder wrote in reference to medicine, "The key question is not whether medicine is hermeneutical but how it is so." (6) This is also true for reference and library and information science. …


From the early 1970's Dassault Aviation has developed its own Finite Element code and CAD system. This tool has freely evolved, 'daily shaped' by their users. This paper presents how our methods today match our needs and try to analyse the leading characteristics of the proposed solving methods. A full dynamic model of a plane including structural dynamics, interior acoustics, exterior acoustics in moving media, servo-command system and identification are considered. At first, the complexity of our problem is discussed. We underline that fluid/ structure coupling is critical in aeronautics for it leads directly to wing dimensioning. We also note that external load configurations of military aircraft involve numerous mass distribution cases and that the whole flight domain should be explored. Then, our computational strategy is presented. The main idea is to first built independent (uncoupled) reduced dynamic subsystems to allow, afterwards, a systemic approach of the coupled problem . The snag of this approach is the need of advanced methods in dynamic substructuring and in coupling techniques. Only original points give rise to theoretical development. In particular, a solution of linear acoustics in moving media is given. Modal projection, load basis, monomial basis and incompatible coupling operators are explored. Untill today, we find these methods to be the only way to resolve our problems taking into account computer capabilities. With the increase in performance of computer these 'sparse' methods remain very attractive for we expect them to be used not only for simulation but for design purposes. INTERNOISE, Budapest, August 1997 P. Lamary VIBRO-ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF AIRFRAME THROUGH DYNAMIC SUBSTRUCTURING


Gas scrubber intake system for a wet method includes a weir, the weir being configured to deliver a liquid to the wash channel to wash the inner surface of the container during operation of the intake system wet. The weir and the weir tank comprises a weir pipe, said weir extending groove for receiving the at least partially liquid during operation of the intake system and at least partially filled with liquid around the weir pipe. The upper tank having an outlet weir tank, the tank upper outlet of the upper duct inlet weir in fluid communication to deliver liquid from the tank to the upper weir weir inlet conduit during operation of the intake system. The weir tank further having an outlet located below the lower chute upper slot outlet. The outlet communicates with the lower portion of the washing tank liquid passage, so that the washing liquid toward the delivery passage from the weir tank during operation of the intake system.


Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research (MWLR) is the custodian of nearly a third of New Zealand's nationally significant natural history collections and databases. MWLR is a New Zealand Government-owned Research Institute whose purpose is to drive innovation in the management of terrestrial biodiversity and land resources. Active research programmes are associated with the collections and innovative projects to disseminate the resulting knowledge to the public have been developed. A number of these projects have focused on two-way sharing of knowledge and information with Māori, Aotearoa/New Zealand's first people. Examples of science projects combining collections resources, community knowledge and research to produce bilingual guides, websites and teaching tools include: • Ahi Pepe | Mothnet, a citizen science project that engages teachers, students and Māori with nature and science across New Zealand • What is this bug?, a web-based invertebrate identification guide with bilingual translation (He Aha Tēnei Pepeke) ‡ § | ¶ # ¤ © Tassell S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. • Ngā Hekaheka o Aotearoa, a bilingual teaching resource combining scientific research with Māori ancestral knowledge and usage of fungi. • Discover New Life, a project where researchers worked with students to discover and describe species new to science • National New Zealand Flax Collection (HARAKEKE) , a living plant collection of weaving varieties of harakeke (NZ flax), providing plants and associated website resources on research, cultivation and traditional usage of harakeke for Māori weavers and the broader community. These projects have allowed development of ongoing relationships and knowledge sharing between MWLR natural history collections and New Zealand communities, enriching the collections and associated data for all.


Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been successfully applied to geological fields. Drill-core hyperspectral imagery has the characteristics of segmented processing and large data volume. Due to its simple principle and high accuracy, spectral angle mapping (SAM) has become the most commonly used method for mineral mapping using drill-core hyperspectral images. However, SAM analyzes the entire spectral form of minerals and is not sensitive enough to small differences in drill-core mineral spectra. Compared with traditional machine learning methods, deep learning has more powerful feature learning and feature expression capabilities. In order to improve the mineral mapping accuracy, this letter proposes a new approach called graph convolutional neural networks-SAM (GCNNSAM), which integrates the advantages of deep learning and spectral matching to extract mineral information from drill-core hyperspectral images. Taking the drill-core hyperspectral data near the depth of 240 m as an example, this letter compares the performances of SAM, GCNN, and GCNNSAM mapping methods. The results show that the overall accuracy of the GCNNSAM mapping is 89.23%, and the overall accuracies of SAM and GCNN mapping methods are 80.25% and 83.58%, respectively. Comparing the mineral mapping statistical results of GCNNSAM with the measured geological statistical results, the maximum statistical error of mineral relative content is 1.4%, and the errors are all less than 2%, which verifies the reliability of the proposed method in this study. The method provides a new idea for mineral information acquisition in geological research.


Some people go for the flattering approach: "I hope you're not going to give up writing adult fiction, Rachna. I'd love to see what else you could write—a novel maybe? Of course," they continue, "I know you've been writing children's stories, and I know there have been some awards and well..." Often, at this point they trail off before rushing on, "Not that children's writing isn't important, but, it's just, well, your collection of short stories was so good."


East Asian dust aerosols prevail during spring season and transport cross Pacific Ocean. Satellite retrieval data show that dust AOD in downwind plume region over Pacific is significantly high and extends northward and eastward in 2003 comparing to 2002. In this study, we investigate the possible mechanism behind the differences in dust plume over Pacific by analyzing aerosol observations from CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) and MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer) satellite platforms and ERA-Interim reanalysis data of meteorological fields. Firstly, we derive dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) in spring of 2002 and 2003 from MISR data by referring to the climatological mass ratio of dust to total aerosol from CALIPSO aerosol retrievals during 2007-2016. Second, we illustrate the axis of dust plume over Pacific by mimicking the center-of-gravity method for dust distribution, which clearly demonstrates that the axis shifts more northward and eastward and dust AOD is noticeably higher in April to May of 2003 than 2002. Thirdly, we look into the relationships between dust AOD and meteorological fields. Our results show that stronger surface wind speed in Northwest China (the source regions of East Asian dust) leads to higher dust emission in spring of 2003 than 2002. The updraft velocity in dust source regions is also stronger in 2003, which favors the uplifting of emitted dust. The precipitation over Pacific shows similar pattern between 2002 and 2003, indicating that wet deposition of dust has similar impacts on the dust aerosol transported cross Pacific Ocean. Lastly, we found that stronger southerly wind prevails over western North Pacific in May of 2003 than 2002, where negative vorticity is observed and might be related to certain features of Rossby wave. It is likely responsible for the northward axis of dust plume over Pacific. Therefore we conclude that the stronger and more easterly extended dust plume over Pacific Ocean in 2003 is resulted from excessive dust emission and stronger uplift in dust source regions of East Asia. The stronger southerly winds cause to the further northward axis of dust plume over western North Pacific. In the current stage, we extend the above investigation for the past two decades, to explain the interannual variations of East Asian dust related to emission in source regions, Trans-Pacific transport, meteorological fields and climatic indices.


A method for controlling operation of a ventilating apparatus is provided to supply air selectively by reducing or increasing the amount of air supply depending on the quality of air by comparing the pollution level of outdoor air with a predetermined reference level. A method for controlling operation of a ventilating apparatus comprising an air supply fan for introducing outdoor air to the inside and an exhaust fan for discharging indoor air to the outside, the method comprises the steps of: sensing pollution levels of indoor and outdoor air respectively(S110); comparing the sensed pollution levels of indoor and outdoor air(S120); comparing the pollution level of the outdoor air with a predetermined reference level, and controlling the amount of air supply by cutting off inflow of outdoor air if the pollution level of the outdoor air is out of range of the predetermined reference level while increasing the inflow of outdoor air if the pollution level of the outdoor air is in a range of the reference level(S140,130,150).


The stability of porcine factor VIII (Hyate:C®) 30 units mL–1, 15 units mL–1 and 5 units mL–1 prepared aseptically in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was studied. Solutions were stored in plastic syringes at room temperature and ambient light, and at body temperature protected from light. Samples obtained immediately after mixing and at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h were assayed for FVIII activity using a one‐stage FVIII assay. Samples were considered stable if FVIII activity did not decline more than 10% compared with baseline values.


In most studies, the magnetization was carried out without the iron core, which is not the case in superconducting electrical applications. Thus, in this paper, we study the magnetization of YBCO bulk using a pulsed-field magnetization method in a symmetrical iron core. This iron core has the same structure as the iron core in an electrical motor. We have tested a new process of magnetization, first without the iron core and second with the iron core where we find an enhancement about 36% of the trapped magnetic field. The contribution of the iron core in this improvement was discussed. These experimentations help to carry out the magnetization of the superconducting bulk in the superconducting motor or in the coupling applications.


Received: 12 May 2017 Accepted: 18 August 2017 Published: 30 September 2017 ABSTRACT The study investigated barriers to collective action in unsuccessful Poultry Farmer Groups (PFGs) in six sub counties of Wakiso district in central Uganda. Innovation promoters believe that if farmers collectively adopt innovative technologies they can increase production and achieve high returns. Despite promotion of this belief, farmer groups (FGs) continue to fail. Although studies have been done, little is known about the mechanisms of barriers to collective action in FGs, under different conditions. Six cases of unsuccessful PFGs from 143 National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) registered groups were studied using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Apart from inadequate resources and non-adherence to regulations, results showed that PFG formation was unsystematic, nepotistic and hastily done. Farmers lacked commitment and intention to invest own resources. Government should use established FGs or if they use new ones members selection should be based on interest to participate in proposed activities.


ABSTRACT In a challenging climate of austerity policies, relationships between Third Sector Organizations (TSOs) and the State are often contentious, with great sophistication required to secure a reasonable degree of stability and continuity in services and relationships. This article draws on data gathered through semi-structured interviews with 23 CEOs of TSOs focused on children's preventative services to explicate and exemplify the skills embodied in TSOs which allow them to navigate these complex situations relatively successfully. We draw on the concept of 'social skill' as developed in strategic action fields theory to frame an analysis of this data. We consider how TSOs have collectively helped shape the political and economic conditions under which they operate, and present a range of skilful tactics we associate with the concept of 'positional agility' which differentiate those organizations which are especially accomplished in navigating relationships and resources.


This paper analyses and summarizes existing problems and barriers related to the strategic planning process. To analyse the topic the author uses a three step approach. The first part discusses existing problems and barriers in brief. The second part summarizes and discusses ideas to overcome these problems and barriers. The third part gives an overview about the benefits of a customized and improved strategic planning process. The author argues that in particular progress monitoring and bundling of strategic measures to "strategic campaigns" can help organizations focus and improve communication.


Abstract High-spectral-resolution reflectance spectra from ground and helicopter measurements of agricultural crops and soils were analyzed to determine spectral variability in the visible and near-infrared (0 4-2 38 μm), using a procedure previously applied to thermal infrared emittance spectra of the atmosphere and to reflectance spectra of soil samples. Five spectral basis functions were sufficient to describe separately the ground and helicopter data, six or, at most, seven are sufficient to describe the pooled data. Thus, five to seven relatively broad band measurements, together with basis functions developed in this analysis, are sufficient to describe the variability of both data sets, to within differences that are probably associated with the measurement process and instrument noise.


To explore Rwandan women's experiences, priorities, and preferences in accessing health care for non‐pregnancy‐related conditions and inform development of healthcare services related to these conditions among women of reproductive age at district hospitals and health centers in Rwanda.


Introduction: of King Solomon, Goethe, and civic networks 1. Modes of coordination of collective action 2. The importance of local comparisons: civic organizations in British cities 3. Building civic networks: strategies of tie formation 4. The structural bases of civil society 5. Network positions and their incumbents 6. The duality of organizations and events 7. Network centrality and leadership 8. Civic networks and urban governance 9. 'Networking' contentious politics Postfaction: bringing time and space(s) into the picture.


Throughout the years, the University of Pavia succeeded in attracting the interest of multinational companies in the field of microelectronics, giving birth to fruitful research collaborations, in which Rinaldo Castello always had a leading role. Below is a brief story of how this came about.


This paper proposes a new mass estimation for a vehicle system, utilizing the characteristics of engine torque local convex minimum, where the mass can be estimated based on the driving forces and the longitudinal accelerations only. Fundamentally, this approach generally requires no other information about an aerodynamic effect, a road grade, or a rolling friction, which is usually demanded by the existing well-known longitudinal dynamics and adaptive filter-based estimation methods. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated and validated by both TruckSim/Simulink co-simulation and actual field test data. It is found that the proposed estimation technique is more favorable for a situation where the vehicle is exposed to low-speed regions. In addition to this new mass estimation strategy, other new and current existing methods were explored and are reviewed here. Moreover, this study suggested a guideline for a hybrid-type mass estimation strategy to predict a mass by combining a new method with an existing one for every speed.


We investigated several cultural and environmental factors during 1977 which were thought to influence the incidence of moldy walnuts. These studies were meant to be a preliminary survey to determine potential areas of research to pursue. Results of these investigations are not to be considered as control recomnlendations since the studies represent only one year's data and especially during a year when no significant rain occurred during the harvest period. The areas of investigation included: Injury Nuts were injured during development with deep and shallow wounds and harvested at the normal time. We also sampled nuts with sunburn or blight damage. Nuts with deep hull injuries and sunburned and blighted nuts had a significantly higher % of mold. Alternately, the shallow wounds or wounds which healed over did not increase mold. These results suggest that large wounds or necrotic tissues provide an infection court or substrate base for invading fungi or a breakdown of the natural host defense mechanism. Early season injuries did not significantly increase mold over the late season injuries. Time of harvest Nuts were sampled from Ashley, Serr and Tehama varieties at one location, 2 and 3 weeks prior to harvest, at harvest time, and 2 and 3 weeks after harvest. There was no significant difference in the % moldy nuts at any of the harvest dates. The Tehama variety showed a slight but not significant increase from 0 to 14% mold. Ethephon Previous studies indicate that nuts harvested early using ethephon have significantly less mold. Since ethylene gas released from ethephon is potentially fungistatic we wanted to determine if the reduced mold was due to the early harvest only or also due to a fungistatic effect. There was no significant difference in the % mold in nuts harvested 4 or 7 days earlier than the normal harvest either treated or non-treated with ethephon. Preliminary lab studies have shown no obvious effects of ethylene gas on the growth of fungi isolated from walnuts. Nuts on the ground Unhulled nuts placed on the ground for 2 weeks had 59% mold compared to 10% in nuts sampled directly from the tree at the time nuts were placed on the ground. Hulled nuts left on the ground for 2 weeks were not always significantly higher in % mold. Nuts placed on the ground for 1 week (hulled or unhulled) did not have more mold than the controls. Storage of nuts in bins Freshly harvested, hulled nuts were stored in a bin for 12 days without a significant increase in the % mold. A companion bin was wetted daily for the 12 day interval. During the first 4 days there were no major differences between the % mold in the wet or dry bins. However, on the 5th day the nuts sampled from the wetted bin showed a dramatic increase from 8 to 68% moldy nuts. The % moldy nuts from the wetted bin was usually over 50% throughout the 12 day period and was 91% at the termination of the study compared to only 1% in the dry bin. Isolation of fungi from developing nuts Nuts sampled from July 11 to August 31 showed 4% (3/79) of the kernels intectea with fungi and 87% (69/79) of the hulls infected. Fungi were of several species and 80% grew from the stem or blossom end of the hull. However, by October 4, even though hulls were not yet split, 97% (30/31) of the kernels were infected with fungi and 92% (11/12) of the kernels sampled October 18 with the hulls split were infected. Generally there was no macroscopic evidence of fungi prior to incubating the nuts.


Abstract We introduce a new numerical method called the complex Fourier series (CFS) method proposed by Chan (2017) to price options with an early-exercise feature—American, Bermudan and discretely monitored barrier options—under exponential Levy asset dynamics. This new method allows us to quickly and accurately compute the values of early-exercise options and their Greeks. We also provide an error analysis to demonstrate that, in many cases, we can achieve an exponential convergence rate in the pricing method as long as we choose the correct truncated computational interval. Our numerical analysis indicates that the CFS method is computationally more comparable or favourable than the methods currently available. Finally, the superiority of the CFS method is illustrated with real financial data by considering Standard & Poor's depositary receipts (SPDR) exchange-traded fund (ETF) on the S&P 500® index options, which are American options traded from November 2017 to February 2018 and from 30 January 2019 to 21 June 2019.


It is a fact that Algerian EFL pupils face difficulties in learning English as a foreign language. This is clearly mirrored by their poor outcome during the official exams, particularly at the 'Baccalaureate Exam' where English is often identified as one of the major teaching subjects causing pupils' failure. From our modest experience as an EFL teacher at the secondary education, we noticed that our EFL pupils usually face difficulties in the four language skills, i.e., listening, speaking, reading and writing, and we noticed that the main cause behind such difficulties was, in most cases, the limited vocabulary knowledge of the pupils. In this respect, the current paper assumes that there is a causal relationship between vocabulary knowledge and the overall level of Algerian EFL pupils. Accordingly, it tries to demonstrate the importance of vocabulary instruction in our EFL class relying on a quasi-experimental research which involved the use of a pre-test/post-test design. The experiment aimed to reveal the usefulness of the lexical notebook as a vocabulary learning strategy and the positive impact of vocabulary acquisition that may result, on the writing skill. Besides, two sets of questionnaire were used to scrutinize the causes behind the weak level of Algerian EFL pupils from teachers' as well as pupils' perspective and to analyze the quality of vocabulary instruction in the Algerian EFL class.


In this paper ve shov that if A=(a1,....,a1) is R-regular and A.I=I then (a1,...a2):is not in general R/I-ragiuar. On ths otter hand VB shov if F1∑j>0in R[[X1...,Xm]] with (f10...,f10) is an R-regular sequence then (F1...,Fn) is regular in R [[ X1..,Xn]]. These results are ansvers to questions asked in [P]


With the rapid development of network technology, network scale, the increasing complexity, traditional centralized network data collecting the methods already cannot adapt to this situation, a web-based distributed computing structure because of its many advantages are widely used. This paper proposes a construct Web application framework of distributed application system, combination of Web technology and the SNMP network management technology. Thereby, it can maintain the increasingly huge network system, ensure that all the good operation of the network resources, the management of the convenient and easy to use network resources.


Looking for a handy and exact calculation for the equivalent resistance of an M × N resistor network is important, but difficult. In this paper, we present a standard and convenient approach to calculate the equivalent resistance of an M × N cobweb resistor network by applying multiple external current sources based on the nodal analysis in circuit theory and the recursion-transform (R-T) method. The test current source acts on different nodes in radial direction to obtain an analytical expression for the equivalent resistance between nodes of an M × N cobweb resistor network in radial direction. In our scheme, recalculations are not required to obtain the equivalent resistance between different radial nodes. We also discuss the influence of polygon sides of cobweb network and the ratio between two unit resistances on the equivalent resistance. The results show that, when the number of similar polygons M is given, with the increasing of the polygon sides and the ratio between two unit resistance, the equivalent resistances between two arbitrary radial nodes tend to a constant.


The family court judge, confronted on a daily basis with the family crises of separation and divorce, needs to expand his methods, especially by turning to family mediation. That tool, which aims to place the family discussion on an adult level, yields a different perspective on the separation of a couple. Obviously, family mediation is not the answer in every situation, but it is worth while acknowledging and using it. It permits the ordinary citizen, regardless of family problems, to be the main actor in his or her own life. It is part of a culture of familial and social peace, of which the child is the main beneficiary.


Despite their 150 year history, sol-gel coatings have made little impact on the industrial coatings scene largely because of their inorganic nature which has limited systems to the need for very high cure temperatures, ca. 500C +. Further issues such as; complicated processing, limited shelf life, lack of dry film thickness, restricted methods of applying the sol-gel coating system and poor adhesion to common engineering substrates have further limited the general application of this technology, being largely restricted to optical applications. This paper describes the recent development of environmentally-compliant 'Green" sol-gel coating systems for industrial applications, examples being; a water-based chrome-free system for coil coatings, aerospace/transportation chrome-free pre-treatment/primer replacements and antifouling coatings. The sol-gel coating systems are based upon an inorganic-organic alkoxysilane precursors formulated to allow the incorporation of additives such as inhibitors, conducting polymers, nanoparticles and in the case of antifouling coating, an active nonpathogenic biological component. The performance of these coating systems has been assessed using standard industrial tests, electrochemical methods and field trials.


Effective immunotherapy for human leukemia based on infusions of T lymphocytes requires the identification of effector T cells that target the leukemic stem cell. The transplantation of human acute myeloid leukemia into nonobese diabeticysevere combined immune deficient (SCID) mice has identified a rare leukemic progenitor termed the SCID leukemia-initiating cell, which is present in low frequency in the leukemic population and is essential for establishing leukemic hematopoiesis. Thus, this transplant model may be ideally suited to identify effector T cells with antileukemic activity. We report that CD81 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for minor histocompatibility antigens inhibit the engraftment of human acute myeloid leukemia cells in nonobese diabeticySCID mice and demonstrate that this inhibition is mediated by direct CTL recognition of SCID leukemia-initiating cells. These results indicate that CD81 minor histocompatibility antigen-specific CTL may be mediators of the graft-versus-leukemia effect associated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and provide an experimental model to identify and select T cell clones for immunotherapy to prevent or treat relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a curative therapy for leukemia depends both on the intensive chemoradiotherapy administered before transplant and a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by donor T cells. However, a significant fraction of patients with advanced leukemia at the time of HCT will relapse because of persistence of leukemic progenitor cells (1–3). Increasing the intensity of chemoradiotherapy has not improved survival because of increased toxicity (4), and efforts to augment the GVL effect after transplant such as by the administration of unselected donor lymphocytes or the administration of IL-2 were only partially effective andyor complicated by increased graft-versus-host disease (5–10). More effective immunotherapy will require the identification, expansion, and adoptive transfer of donor cells capable of recognizing antigens expressed on residual leukemic progenitors. Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens are short peptides that are derived from polymorphic regions of cellular proteins and are presented on the cell surface bound to molecules of the MHC (11–14). The adoptive transfer of donor T cells specific for minor H antigens expressed in recipient hematopoietic cells, but not in nonhematopoietic cells such as skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, has been proposed as one strategy for inducing a GVL effect without causing graft-versus-host disease (15–20). CD81 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for minor H antigens presented by class I MHC molecules have been demonstrated to lyse a proportion of leukemic cells in vitro (16, 17, 21) and inhibit the growth of clonogenic myeloid leukemic progenitor cells in methylcellulose culture (22–24). However, by transplanting human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells into nonobese diabeticysevere combined immune deficient (NODySCID) mice, we previously have established that AML is comprised of a hierarchy of cells with vastly different capacities for proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. At the top of this hierarchy is a putative AML stem cell that resides exclusively in the subset of CD341CD382 cells and is required for repopulating NODy SCID mice with human leukemic hematopoiesis. This cell, termed the SCID leukemia-initiating cell (SL-IC), is present in very low frequency (0.2–100y106 leukemic blasts) in the blood or bone marrow of patients with AML and is distinct from the AML progenitor, termed the AML-colony-forming unit (AML-CFU), which gives rise to AML blast colonies in methylcellulose culture. AML-CFUs are present in at least 1,000-fold higher frequency than SL-IC in blood or bone marrow from AML patients and are found in both the CD341CD382 and CD341CD381 subsets (25, 26). Because of the rarity of the SL-IC in AML populations, in vitro cytotoxicity assays and AML-CFU-inhibition assays cannot be used to address whether SL-ICs express minor H antigens and are targets for CD81 CTL. In this report, the transplantation of human AML into NODySCID mice was used to determine whether CD81 minor H antigen-specific CTL recognize and eliminate the AML stem cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of AML Cells. Blood was obtained from five adult patients with refractory or relapsed AML. Disease diagnosis and classification were according to French-American-British criteria (27). Mononuclear cells were isolated by centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque and cryopreserved in RPMI-Hepes (GIBCO) with 20% human serum and 10% DMSO for subsequent use. All preparations contained more than 90% malignant cells by morphologic criteria on Wright-Giemsa stained specimens. CD81 Minor H Antigen-Specific CTL Clones. CD81 minor H antigen-specific CTL clones were isolated from recipients of MHC-matched allogeneic HCTs and characterized as deThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked ''advertisement'' in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. PNAS is available online at www.pnas.org. Abbreviations: HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; GVL, graft versus leukemia; H, histocompatibility; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; NODySCID, nonobese diabeticy severe combined immune deficient; SL-IC, SCID leukemia-initiating cell; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; LCL, lymphoblastoid cell line. †D.B. and E.H.W. contributed equally to this work. ‡Present address: Coriell Institute for Medical Research, 401 Haddon Avenue, Camden, NJ, 08103. ¶To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: Program In Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D3–100, Seattle, WA 98109. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


This research aims to establish how attitudes towards mobile advertising ultimately influences purchase intention. A conceptual model was developed, linking the constructs attitudes, attention, involvement and purchase intention in the context of mobile advertising. The model was tested with a sample of 250 young adults using Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. Findings indicated that a positive relationship exists between a consumer's attitude towards mobile advertising and his or her purchase intention. However, this relationship was found to be partially mediated by the attention that a consumer pays to the mobile advertisement, as well as his or her involvement in it.


The propagation of acoustic phonons in GaAs generated by laser radiation of a clean as well as Au coated surface are experimentally investigated in dependence on the crystallographic orientation. The angular dependence of the T1 phonon spectrum is confirmed by comparison with the calculated focussing factor. Besides the ballistic motion of modes of L, T1, and T2 polarization a further peak is observed in the time of flight spectra, which is interpreted by repeated conversion and decay processes of high-frequency phonons leading to T2 modes with a frequency low enough for ballistic motion.

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One of problems Nigeria is facing today is the problem of poverty in the midst of plenty. In the light of this socio-economic ill which is invariably connected to child poverty, the author argues that among other factors responsible for the problem of child poverty is the question of the just distribution of wealth. Consequently, the author employs the 'difference principle' formulated by the renown political philosopher John Rawls to substantiate the claim that its application would be a plausible solution to the problem at hand. Furthermore, the authors brings into perspective the religiousity of Nigerians as effective tool in the eradication of child poverty.


Cheynet Jean-Claude. Angeliki E. Laiou and Henry Maguire (Ed.), Byzantium. A World Civilization. In: Revue des etudes byzantines, tome 52, 1994. p. 324.


Electromagnetic (EM) analysis is performed for a tunable bandpass filter with a magnetodielectric perturber controlled by a piezoelectric transducer. The structure includes a perturber as a superstrate which consists of thin ferrite film with a high permeability and Rogers dielectric material with a high permittivity in a sandwich style. The structure is of multiscale feature because the thickness of the thin film is very small but cannot be ignored. The problem can be solved by surface integral equations (SIEs) in the integral equation approach, but the conditioning of system matrix may not be good. We use volume-surface integral equations to formulate the problem in this work and the disadvantage of SIEs can be overcome. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the approach.


This paper aims, at first, to consider the extent to which writers such as Clarice Lispector and Guimaraes Rosa have prompted the consolidation of the notion of "dramatization" in Brazilian literature and how it has been articulated with scenes of imprisonment. In a second moment, by having Hilda Hilst as a frame of reference, this paper discusses how the notion of "dramatization", for the last few decades of the 20th century, has been reformulated in order to relate to seduction and violence, by engaging fruitful readings of the roles played by both narrator and readers, as well as of the text-context relationship.


Fungal diseases are of concern in forest regeneration as they occasionally pose a serious threat causing considerable mortality in nurseries. Seedlings are generally susceptible to diseases due to the tenderness of their tissues and are often difficult to establish. The use of biocontrol agents is an important alternative to conventional chemicals in the protection of crops against weeds, insects, and diseases in both agriculture and forestry. The success of biocontrol and increase in the yield depends on the nature of antagonistic properties and the mechanisms of action acquired by the organisms used. Both fungi and bacteria are able to synthesise a wide range of metabolites with fungicidal and bactericidal ability. In this study, Trichoderma viride, evaluated under laboratory conditions against some common phytopathogens belonging to different groups of fungi, effectively inhibited the growth of the tested pathogens in dual cultures by hyperparasitism and by secretion of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In the dual culture experiment, maximum inhibition was recorded for Fusarium oxysporum followed by Rhizoctonia solani and least for Alternaria zinniae. The volatile metabolites of T. viride were most effective against F. oxysporum and least effective against R. solani; an almost reverse situation was observed when non-volatile metabolites were examined. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


The utility model discloes a heat pump air conditioning unit for cold areas, comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator which form an enclosed working circulation loop. The utility model is characterized in that the compressor adopts a scroll compressor; the end of the working chamber of the compressor is provided with an auxiliary air inlet. A subcooler is serially connected between the condenser and the expansion valve. An air supplementing loop supplying air to the working chamber of the compressor is formed by an electromagnetic valve, an electronic expansion valve and a subcooler auxiliary circuit. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient process and installation, high energy utilization ratio, low cost, stable and reliable operation in low-temperature environment. The utility model has the value which can be widely generalized and applied.


Bumblebees are important pollinators in greenhouse and have colonized all parts of the World. In Korea, the value of bumblebees is increasing as pollinator. However, the more recent use of reared colonies may ultimately allow pathogens to spread to peripheral areas for Bombus spp. So, we report pathogenic bacteria isolated from Bombus terrestris and B. ignitus at first time in Korea. Bacillus fusiformis and Klebsiella oxytoca are isolated from B. terrestris and confirmed with 16S rRNA gene nucleotide comparison in NCBI genebank. Pathogenicity of B. fusiformis was 35~40% against B. terrestris. Pantoea dispersa and K. oxytoca are isolated from B. ignitus and confirmed with 16S rRNA gene nucleotide comparison in NCBI genebank. Pathogenicity of these species were 35~40% against B. ignitus.


The midgut tissue of 4 plant-feeding lepidopterous larvae, Diatraea grandiosella, Heliothis zea, Trichoplusia ni , and Pieris rapae , representing three families, was shown to be differentiated into regions which contain varying titers of esterases. Although the highest titer of most esterases was present in the anterior midgut, some esterases were present mainly in the posterior midgut. In the midgut of D. grandiosella 37% of the esterase activity was located in the anterior quarter, 22% in the 2nd quarter, 15% in the 3rd quarter and 26% in the posterior quarter. Corresponding values in H. zea were 27%, 39%, 22%, and 12%. Since the oligophagous D. grandiosella and P. rapae had fewer esterase bands (6-8) than the polyphagous H. zea and T. ni (10-12), the multiplicity of midgut esterases appears to correlate with host specificity.


Abstract Objective: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) affects millions of elderly people, and there is currently no effective way to stop or slow down its progression. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of CAVD is very important for prevention and treatment. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) have important role in cell phenotype change. This study is aimed to confirm whether COMP participate in CAVD and try to find the possible mechanisms. Methods: Human aortic valve tissues from Nanjing First Hospital (CAVD group, n = 20; control group, n = 11) were harvested. The expression level of COMP was tested by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Dual immunofluorescence staining was used for locating COMP. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) signalling were tested by western blot. The animal model was also used to detect COMP level by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that the expression level of COMP was significantly increased in the calcific valve samples when compared with that of the control valve (P < 0.05); COMP was expressed near the calcific nodules and co-localized with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The protein levels of BMP2 and p-Smads 1/5/9 were markedly more highly expressed in the CAVD group than the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, immunofluorescence detection showed that COMP and BMP2 were co-located in calcific valves. Conclusions: The above results suggested that upregulation of COMP and BMP2 may be associated with aortic valve calcification and that COMP may become a potential therapeutic target in human CAVD.


To the uninitiated the challenge may seem mind-boggling: When a seismic wave is emitted at the earth's surface and reflected by a deep target, it typically generates a displacement in the order of a few Angstroms (10−10 meters) on its return to the earth's surface. How can we seriously expect the geophone—a rather crude contraption involving a magnet and a moving coil inside a plastic jug mounted on a spike, stomped into the ground by a restless doodlebugger—to be sensitive to such infinitesimal displacements? To complicate matters, noise—whether ambient or source-generated—induces displacements of up to a millimeter (107 times the magnitude of signal). How on earth (an apt expression in this case) can seismic reflection possibly work?


Based on the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL), the parametric FEA optimization technique is applied to a railway electricity generator car body structure optimal design procedure. Parametric finite element model of the car body is constructed using APDL language. The car body structure is optimized. The strength and stiffness of the car body are analyzed before and after optimization. The optimization results show that the car body structure can meet the demands of performance indexes in aspects of strength, stiffness, and etc. This example demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization procedure in parametric and optimization design. Keywordsparameter design; optimal design; APDL; finite element method; car body


We investigate 260 triggered cosmic gamma‐ray bursts, detected by the BATSE detector on the Compton Gamma Observatory from April 21, 1991 until March 5, 1992 (320 days), with the Fourier Power Spectrum method to search for possible periodically‐repeating gamma‐ray bursters. September 25, 1991 gamma‐ray burst, GRB910925 (trigger no. 816), could be a repetitive member of SGR1806‐20. Seven years after the last member of the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR1806‐20 that was discovered in 1984. Seventeen candidates of burst repeaters with two‐members and four of three‐members were found. No significant evidence was found for periodicities of the three known SGRs and the new BATSE candidates.


We previously proposed a human-based evolutionary algorithm (human-based EA) that used a tag cloud, and in this paper, we propose a generation gap model for the human-based EA. In the previous model, people created candidate solutions, and the created candidate solutions were displayed as tags in a tag cloud. People then evaluated the candidate tags, and those with the greatest fitness were displayed using a larger font size. However, in the previous model, there was a limit on the number of tags that could be displayed in the tag cloud, and after that number had been reached, if new tags were created, they would not be included. Therefore, we propose a generation gap model for solving this problem by allowing each subsequent generation to include all of the tags from the previous generation that have a fitness level that is greater than a given threshold. The remainder in the tag cloud are replaced by tags in a queue for storage that were created before and have never displayed. We carried out an experiment using the human-based EA with the generation gap model, and the results showed that almost all participants believed the tags created by our system were better than those that they would have created by themselves.


As the highest education lever,the quality of postgraduate cultivation will affect the ability of country de- velopment.Postgraduate cultivation which is a systems engineering includes a lot of factors,so we should strengthen innovation view to improve cultivation quality.


This essay explores the importance of philosophy for the study and practice of education in a democratic society. It will be argued that at its core education is a normative enterprise, in that it is driven by fundamental social values as well as the imperatives of social justice. These values and imperatives powerfully shape every dimension of educational theory, policy, and practice. From this perspective, education requires a normative frame of reference. Democracy, understood as not only a political system but more fundamentally as a way of life grounded in specific values and principles, provides a powerful point of reference. At the heart of democracy is the value of liberty, understood as self-determination. Self-determination requires that there should be careful reflection upon and rational deliberation concerning social values and, in turn, the imperatives of justice that inform the purposes and practices of education. It will be argued that philosophy constitutes a mode of inquiry and a discipline that enriches the capacity for reflection and rational deliberation, and hence it is essential for both democracy and the study and practice of education in a democratic society.


Vascular access clearly remains a problem in this report, while a venous femoral puncture, to provide access for a single ablation catheter, should not be a The paper in this issue by Buys et al. is interesting. It was well written and addresses the important clinical issue of the timing and modalities of pacemaker implantation around the procedure of His bundle ablation (HBA). The authors use this clear descriptive term for what is generally called AV junctional ablation. This intervention, which is performed for persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, should result in complete heart block to make patients less symptomatic, and possibly to improve heart failure, when atrial fibrillation affects cardiac function. A year ago a 'think-tank' of cardiologists drew up guidelines on how to perform this procedure, and suggested what precautions needed to be taken to avoid pacemaker-related complications. This group suggested avoiding one particular setting: HBA, followed 24 h later by implantation, as this implied temporary and thus unreliable pacing. The material providing data for this observational study by Buys et al. comes from the era before this publication, and from a centre with an outstanding reputation for cardiac pacing and cardiac electrophysiology in the Netherlands. Therefore, it is possible that real life in the Netherlands and in Europe may be worse than is reported here, even when interventions such as ablation are restricted to a limited number of centres, with the pacing procedure being carried out in the general hospital, as is reflected in the design of this study, and may be common practice in other countries than the Netherlands. The background of this study, as outlined by this group, is that economic restrictions prohibit implantation of pacemakers by the centre performing the HBA, because device therapy is a too costly procedure for the ablating hospital (this is well known by the authors, who nevertheless produced a nice variant of 'newspeak' to hide this fact). A general cardiologist, not involved in the daily decision process leading to HBA, may have many questions when reading this article. Indeed, not all logical questions are addressed, and I will try to answer a few, starting from some interesting points raised in this paper and in the related literature on this procedure. What is an acceptable complication rate?


Variations in the vascular pattern are common in the retro-pubic region. These anomalies are chiefly concerned with the origin and course of the obturator vessels; especially the venous channels. The present study is an effort to observe the incidences of abnormalities of these vessels for their significance in several clinical contexts. The study investigates the frequencies of (a) the presence of abnormal obturator vessels (vasa corona mortis), (b) the occurrence of abnormal obturator veins (venous corona mortis) and (c) the different patterns of the origin of the abnormal obturator arteries. It is important to note that although the percentages of occurrences of these anomalies found in the study are different from previous reports, they are nevertheless significant owing to their obvious clinical implications.


Reflection is an active learning technique that can be used to encourage greater understanding and act as a metacognitive strategy to develop lifelong learning skills. This "Work-in-ProgressAssess" paper presents a research study related to a weekly leadership reflection journal assignment that is carried out in graduate level Engineering Leadership courses at two Canadian Universities. The specific objectives of this study are to explore the impact of structured reflection on engineering leadership development by: 1) examining the effectiveness of structured reflection for developing engineering leadership skills, and 2) identifying how the insights gained through reflective practice will be applied in students' careers. As a foundation, we deliver a structured Describe-Analyze-Evaluate (DAE) reflection model based on Bloom's taxonomy. We then ask the students to complete a weekly reflection journal over the semester using this structured framework. Quantitative information is gathered to evaluate the research questions in the form of surveys and peer assessments. Surveys are also used to quantify student perception of the effectiveness of the reflection framework and the journaling assignment. The sources of influence for the leadership reflections (e.g., politics, family, course material, movies) and the reflection's relevancy to the student's personal leadership development (e.g., core values, team work, conflict management, listening skills) are identified and discussed in the context of how these aspects may evolve as a result of regular reflection. The results indicate that the weekly journaling exercises were valuable and allowed students greater insight into leadership development skills related to relationships and team building, as well as personal character development and conflict resolution. The data gathered during this first phase of the study will help structure the second phase, where a mixed methods approach will be employed. Qualitative data from the reflections will be examined with a focus on evaluating the effectiveness of structured reflection on leadership skills development, where the depth, quality and focus of the actual reflections will be analyzed to identify student perceptions of leadership. 1.0 Introduction There is an increasing awareness that engineers need to be prepared to take greater responsibility for the impact of technology in the societal context. Engineering accreditation bodies, such as the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB) and the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), now explicitly include criteria to ensure that engineering graduates develop competencies in understanding the impact of technology on society from an number of contexts, including ethics, economics and the environment [1][2]. This increasing awareness of the need for engineers to be prepared for the broad role of stewarding technology at the societal level has led to initiatives such as the "Engineering Change Lab" in both Canada [3] and the United States [4]. Some engineering schools are also using frameworks such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG's) [5] as a framework to actively consider the role engineers can play in the impact of technology in society [6]. Developing leadership knowledge, skills and attitudes is key to engineers being able to influence and steward the impact of technology on society. To support this need, it is important for engineering programs to be able to develop and assess leadership competencies in engineering students. One method is through the active learning strategy of reflective journaling of leadership experience. In this paper, we look at a "Leadership Reflection Journal" assignment that is carried out in graduate level Engineering Leadership courses at two Canadian Universities. The specific objectives are to explore the impact of structured reflection on engineering leadership development by: 1) examining the effectiveness of structured reflection for developing engineering leadership skills, and 2) identifying how the insights gained through reflective practice will be applied in students' careers. 2.0 Reflection Model – Describe-Analyze-Evaluate (DAE) Engineering leadership is increasingly offered as an explicit and intentional area of study in the engineering curriculum. As a result, a number of studies have worked to catalogue and classify the number and nature of engineering programs [7] [8] [9]. Engineering leadership development is often approached from the perspective of "personal" leadership development. This focuses on the importance of developing a personal approach to leadership [10] and the importance of metacognition, reflective practice, and peer-evaluation, which are often identified as key facets of the leadership development process [10][11]. Reflection as an active learning practice is particularly useful for consolidation of learning concepts and is utilized both inside and outside engineering education [12] and has been identified as a key mechanism for personal leadership development [13] which can aid in the developing a personal leadership philosophy. Given the technical focus of the engineering curriculum, it is useful to provide a structured model for reflective practice. The structured reflection model used in this study was based on "A Taxonomy of Reflection: A Model for Critical Thinking" by James Pappas [14]. The model follows Bloom's Taxonomy in the Cognitive Domain [13][14], which is summarized into distinct categories of Describe, Analyze and Evaluate (DAE). The model is presented visually to the student (see Figure 1), with supporting examples and an overview of how Bloom's action verbs can fit into each domain; 'Describe' captures Bloom's Remember/Understand, 'Analyze' captures Apply/Analyze and 'Evaluate' captures Evaluate/Create. Figure 1. Describe-Analyze-Evaluate Framework In addition, to further aid the students in their leadership reflections, students were also presented question prompts for each of the DAE elements, as presented in Table 1. Table 1. Describe-Analyze-Evaluate Framework Questions Framework Element Prompting Questions Describe What did you observe? Who did it? What steps were taken? Analyze What insights were gained? Were there patterns? Why was it important? Evaluate What is the relative importance? What needs to improve? How can I apply personally? 3.0 Methodology A leadership reflection journal assignment was incorporated into the graduate engineering leadership courses at two Canadian Universities: Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario in the fall of 2019; and, University of Guelph, in Guelph Ontario in the winter of 2020. The graduate students in these courses were required to complete one reflection per week for eight weeks using the DAE reflection model. The reflection topic selected by the students was completely open. The intention was to inspire students to notice activities or experiences during their daily lives, reflect on these experiences, and relate them to their own personal leadership development. The reflections were submitted in the course learning management system in the form of a survey. In addition to the reflection itself, students were asked to identify the source of influence for their reflection (i.e. personal life, media, history, etc.) and the reflection's relevancy to the student's personal leadership development (i.e. character development, team building, decision making, career, etc.). Students were able to select a multitude of sources of influence and relevancy. The written portions of the reflections for each student were also uploaded to a peer feedback tool [17],[18]. Each student was anonymously and randomly assigned two peer submissions and asked to evaluate and provide constructive feedback. The students were provided a rubric to evaluate their peers' reflections on a scale from 0-3 (below expectations (0), marginal (1), meets expectations (2), outstanding (3)) based on the quality of the reflection with respect to all three elements of the DAE framework. The quality of the peer feedback was also evaluated by teaching assistants on a similar scale from 0-3. The peer feedback portion of the reflective journal was used to provide timely constructive feedback and to provide an opportunity for students to consider what factors were influencing other students' reflective process. Following completion of the eight weekly reflections, students were required to complete a metareflection to examine the value and impact of the entire leadership reflection journaling experience on their personal leadership development. Figure 2 illustrates the timing of the different components of the reflective journaling assignment throughout the delivery of the course. The meta-reflection was completed in the form of a survey with three main questions each containing sub-questions. All three questions had an area for free form text reflection and some focused questions on a five-point Likert scale. The first question examined how valuable the students found the reflective process. The second question focused on the perceived importance of self-reflection in different aspects of students' lives. The final question in the meta-reflection focused on how often students foresee the skills of self-reflection being incorporated into their personal and professional decision making in the future. Figure 2. Timing of leadership reflective journaling during course delivery 4.0 Results & Findings Results from the first stage of research, completed at Queen's University in the Fall of 2019, have been compiled and some insight can be extracted from the information. The results are presented in two categories: weekly reflections and the meta-reflection. The two key areas for qualitative assessment of the weekly reflection responses that have been gathered at the time of this paper's submission are: one, an assessment of the 'Sources of Influenc


Strontium isotopes (expressed as per mill deviation from mean sea water, δ 87 Sr) reflect interaction between ground water and the aquifer through which it is flowing. In the Cenozoic aquifer of the Yucca Mountain region, δ 87 Sr values increase from north to south downgradient in the flow system. The largest δ 87 Sr values occur in the Amargosa Desert where ground water probably encounters alluvial basin fill derived from Precambrian rocks in the Funeral Range. Similarly, large δ 87 Sr values for ground water in the Paleozoic aquifer at the western end of the Spring Mountains also probably reflect an encounter with Precambrian rocks. In several wells into the volcanic rocks, apparent isotopic disequilibrium between ground water and the producing units suggests that the ground water probably integrates over a substantial part of the saturated section in attaining its strontium isotope signature.


ABSTRACT In this article, Roy Lewicki shares his experiences and reflections on trust research from the early seminal papers through to future research opportunities. We discuss his contributions and current thinking on trust development and repair, the forms of trust, the coexistence of trust and distrust, the mechanisms of trust repair, the relationship of trust with conflict, negotiation and in current affairs (e.g. 'alternative facts', climate change denial). Recurrent themes are the complex nature of trust development and repair processes, the methodological challenges inherent in studying trust and distrust dynamics over time, and the value of reflective practice and developmental forums for advancing trust research. Bridging the theory-practice divide, developing more sophisticated measurement tools, and conducting interdisciplinary scholarship are identified as rich opportunities for future trust research.


FIELD: layered products. SUBSTANCE: substrate has at least one treated layer settled out of vapor which covers at least one side of the metallic substrate and layer for enhancing adhesion which covers at least one treated layer and adheres to it. EFFECT: enhanced reliability.


Rubisco (EC 126.96.36.199), the most abundant protein in the world, is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation and the oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (Miziorko and Lorimer, 1983). The holoenzyme is composed of eight LSUs encoded by chloroplast DNA and synthesized in the chloroplast and eight SSUs encoded by nuclear DNA, synthesized on free cytoplasmic polysomes, transported into chloroplasts, and assembled with the LSUs to form the active enzyme. The SSUs are attached to the top and the bottom of the large octamer (Chapman et al., 1988; Anderson et al., 1989), whereas the binding sites for ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate activator CO,, and the divalent metal cofactor are a11 located on the LSUs. The SSU may not be essential for catalysis, but it is evident that it exerts an important role in maximizing the activity of the enzyme (Andrews, 1988; Gutteridge, 1991). Here we cloned a full-length cDNA for the SSU of Rubisco from the C, monocot Aegilops squauuosa, which belongs to one of the genera nearest to wheat (Table I). An A. squauuosa cDNA library was prepared and screened with a rbcS DNA fragment of rice (a generous gift from Prof. Ray Wu, Cornell University) (Xie et al., 1987). An 815-bp nucleotide sequence was obtained that includes 525 bp of coding region (from 39-563), 38 bp of 5' untranslated region, and 252 bp of 3' untranslated region. The transit and mature peptide have, respectively, 47 and 128 amino acid residues. Comparison with the coding region of wheat Rubisco (Broglie et al., 1983) revealed 87.5% homology for the mature peptide and 80.8% homology for the transit peptide at the amino acid level.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on the injustices experienced by already marginalised groups when they are excluded from participation in society, specifically within the realms of knowledge production and transfer. In this sense they are wronged as 'knowers' and experience epistemic injustice, either as a consequence of perceived credibility deficits or due to a lack of understanding of their situation. As a result, their marginalisation and exclusion grows. This article argues that a values orientation of acceptance, awareness and virtue, combined with an analytical framework provided by critical realism, can better equip social work practitioners and policy makers in identifying and understanding sites of epistemic injustice.


The inclusion of distributed energy resources (DER) in Microgrids (MGs) comes at the expense of increased changes in current direction and magnitude. In the autonomous mode of MG operation, the penetration of synchronous distributed generators (DGs) induces lower short circuit current than when the MG operates in the grid-connected mode. Such behavior impacts the overcurrent relays and makes the protection coordination difficult. This paper introduces a novel adaptive protection system that includes two phases to handle the influence of fault current variations and enable the MG to sustain its operation. The first phase optimizes the power flow by minimizing the generators' active power loss while considering tolerable disturbances. For intolerable cases, the second phase opts to contain the effect of disturbance within a specific area, whose boundary is determined through correlation between primary/backup relay pairs. A directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) coordination optimization is formulated as a nonlinear program for minimizing the operating time of the relays within the contained area. Validation is carried out through the simulation of the IEEE 9, IEEE 14, and IEEE 15 bus systems as an autonomous MG. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed protection system and its superiority to a competing approach in the literature.


This study identified cognitive processes that underlie individual differences in working memory (WM) and mathematical problem-solution accuracy in elementary school children at risk and not at risk for serious math difficulties (SMD). A battery of tests was administered that assessed problem solving, achievement, and cognitive processing in children in first (N = 130), second (N = 92) and third grades (N = 131). The results were that (a) younger children and children at risk for SMD performed poorer on WM and problem-solving tasks, as well as measures of math calculation, reading, semantic processing, phonological processing, and inhibition, than older children and children not at risk for SMD and (b) WM predicted solution accuracy of word problems independent of measures of fluid intelligence, reading skill, math skill, knowledge of algorithms, phonological processing, semantic processing, speed, short-term memory, and inhibition. The results support the notion that the executive system is an important predictor of children's problem solving.