In this paper we introduce a calibration procedure for validating of agent based models. Starting from the well-known financial model of (Brock and Hommes, 1998), we show how an appropriate calibration enables the model to describe price time series. We formulate the calibration problem as a nonlinear constrained optimization that can be solved numerically via a gradient-based method. The calibration results show that the simplest version of the Brock and Hommes model, with two trader types, fundamentalists and trend-followers, replicates nicely the price series of four different markets indices: the S&P 500, the Euro Stoxx 50, the Nikkei 225 and the CSI 300. We show how the parameter values of the calibrated model are important in interpreting the trader behavior in the different markets investigated. These parameters are then used for price forecasting. To further improve the forecasting, we modify our calibration approach by increasing the trader information set. Finally, we show how this new approach improves the model׳s ability to predict market prices.


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an ancient and the most genetically diversified cereal crop. Approximately half of the people on earth obtain the majority of their caloric intake from rice. Rice harbour more than 100 insect pest species. Among these, brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) belongs to the Family Delphacidae and Order Hemiptera, is probably the most important pest of rice in Asia and India. Plant responses with direct or indirect deleterious effects from the attack of BPH including reduction in the plant growth (root development, plant height and reproduction), wilting and leaf chlorosis. Collectively these symptoms are acknowledged as 'hopper burn'. BPH losses in grain yield ranges from 10% in moderately affected fields to 70% in those severely affected and the damage to the standing crop sometimes reached 100% International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 1187-1192 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Background: The distinct trajectories of psychological distress over the first year of the diagnosis with breast cancer (BC) and its determinants have not been explored.


Our previous studies of the behavior of the dried collodion membrane toward electrolytes have been made chiefly with the mono-valent cations, H +, Li +, Na + and K +. We have reported the results of electric transfer experiments, conductivity measurements, po-tentiometric studies and measurements of the total electrolyte content of the membrane pores. During the course of these various studies a few observations were made concerning the behavior of some membranes with bivalent cations, chiefly Ca ++. The results of these observations were somewhat different from what we had expected and at the same time we did not feel able to explain them satisfactorily. Now, however, in the light of more fully developed ideas concerning the structure of the membranes the results begin to have a definite meaning and indeed provide additional evidence in favor of these ideas. We shall give first the experimental results and then discusss briefly their significance. 1. The Potential Difference of Concentration Chains with the Chlorides of Bivalent Cations.-In measuring the P.D. established across the dried collodion membrane with 0.1 N and 0.01 N solutions of calcium chloride, the results are at first exceedingly inconstant and only after a period of 3 to 4 days, during which time the solutions are frequently renewed, is it possible to obtain readings which are in any way constant. One must also be sure that the calcium chloride used is not contaminated with salts of any of the monovalent cations 487


Are Finnish students prepared for the realities of the economic world? Will Finnish college students be buried under student loans and credit card debt? We surveyed Finnish college students (n=135) in the spring of 2016. We examined their use of student loans, credit cards, budgeting, and gambling. We found student loans were modestly used, gambling was almost nonexistent, and budgets were underutilized. However, we found Finnish students to be uninformed about financial tools such as credit cards. We conclude with discussing how to move into new subject areas with this pilot project.


In recent years, the concept of the health benefits of synergistic dietary patterns as opposed to individual foods or food constituents has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether nut consumption is associated with healthier nutrition and lifestyle. The research was based on complete data obtained during two Polish National Multi-Centre Health Examination Surveys—WOBASZ (2003–2005) and WOBASZ II (2013–2014). Of the 12,946 participants who completed dietary assessments, 299 subjects reported consuming any quantity of whole nuts. A control group of 1184 non-nut consumers from both surveys was randomly selected for the study, with age, gender, study (WOBASZ, WOBASZ II), educational level, and season-related interactions taken into account. In this study, nut consumption was associated with favorable food and lifestyle choices, excluding smoking. Better dietary quality consisted of having a higher Healthy Diet Indicator score, an increased intake of polyphenols and antioxidants, lower intake of red meat, but higher of poultry and fruit, more frequent consumption of antiatherogenic food products, and less frequent consumption of processed meats. There was also greater interest in special diets, such as weight-loss diet. In addition, nut eaters were more physically active in their leisure time. While limited by 24-h recall of nut intake and possible misclassification of nut/non-nut consumer status, this research supports the synergistic health-promoting attitudes of those who were classified as nut consumers.


This article briefly introduced the components of SAWH pipe welding system,emphasized its control principle and different control mode.Combined with actual maintenance experience on site,it pointed out main three factors which affect arc voltage fluctuation of welding system,such as mechanical transmission,electric control and electromagnetism interference.Meanwhile,it analyzed these three factors of SAWH pipe welding system,and put forward disposal measure for these faults


STUDY OBJECTIVES
To assess the indications, yield, and therapeutic impact of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in patients with hemoptysis and renal insufficiency.

DESIGN
Retrospective cohort analysis.

SETTING
Tertiary-care university hospital.

PATIENTS
Thirty-four patients over a 7.5-year period who underwent FB to evaluate hemoptysis in the setting of renal insufficiency (ie, serum creatinine level, > 1.5 mg/dL).

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
The etiology of hemoptysis was undetermined in 41% of cases. Defined causes of bleeding included infections (29%), pulmonary renal syndromes (15%), airway injury (9%), and pulmonary embolism (6%). No specific bleeding site was identified, but FB lateralized hemorrhaging to one lung in 24% of patients. FB results influenced therapy in 29% of patients overall and in 8% of patients without respiratory tract infection. The hospital survival rate was 47% and did not differ based on the presence or absence (presence vs absence) of the following variables: a defined etiology for hemoptysis (45% vs 50%); lateralized bleeding (38% vs 50%); or management alterations prompted by other FB findings (50% vs 46%). Factors associated with survival included the onset of bleeding prior to hospital admission (80% vs 33%; p = 0.02), the absence of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation at the time of FB (90% vs 29%; p = 0.002), and lack of prohemorrhagic factors (other than uremia) such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, recent treatment with warfarin, heparin, or antiplatelet agents (78% vs 33%; p = 0.05). During the 6 months following hospital discharge, hemoptysis recurred in 14% of patients, and 5 patients died, for an overall mortality rate of 62%.

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that FB in hospitalized patients with hemoptysis and renal insufficiency, and without radiographic findings suggesting neoplastic disease, has a low yield and limited impact. Whether FB influences outcome in selected patients in this setting requires prospective investigation.


In order to enhance the hydraulic efficiency of a liquid molten salt pump, the improvement on the pump was carried out through numerical and experimental methods. The internal flow field obtained by the numerical simulation was analysed. The results show that there are low-velocity area in the scroll region and large curvature of the streamline at the outlet. Geometric modification was made by trimming the back-blades of the impeller and filleting the sharp corner of the outlet pipe. The modified pump performance was verified by the experiments. The hydraulic efficiency, the pressure fluctuation, vibration characteristics between the original and modified pump were compared. The results showed that the hydraulic efficiency of the modified pump increased 7.4%. In addition, the pressure fluctuation and vibration intensity were also reduced compared with the original pump. This result shows that the geometric modification improves not only the hydraulic performance but also the structural properties.


This paper explores how a recent "Creation Science" case from the Australian Federal Courts was used by an informal alliance of science popularizers (science litigant Ian Plimer, science journalists, and the Australian Skeptics) as a vehicle for the celebratory "boundary working" of "public science," despite the case's contingent and messy processes and unfavourable legal outcome. This "boundary working" was pursued mainly through the mass media, in which a narrow range of narrative strategies involving well-worn metaphors and clichés conforming to the ideology of science dominated the case's coverage. The dominance of these narratives resulted in a marginalized coverage of the legal/policy ramifications of the case, particularly the role of the courts in preserving/limiting freedom of speech. We will conclude our analysis by identifying some similarities between the Ark case and the Science Wars, nothing that both instances show how the "boundary working" of "public science" can be pursued in a cultural space located at a significant distance from contexts where more tangible science policies are being negotiated.


On the one hand, personal characteristics − physical and cognitive abilities − influence the way that people perceive and relate to the environment. On the other hand, environmental characteristics − physical and social settings − affect the way that individuals perform within a space. This complex individual-environment interplay determines not only the degree to which the built environment fits with personal needs, but also the degree to which the individual is able to perform and thrive within a space. This paper presents a qualitative study of how architecture can enable and enhance the functioning, performance, and ultimately the well-being of people with mobility, visual or hearing impairments. The focus of the study is on how people with different visual, kinesthetic, tactile, and auditory abilities perceive and relate to architectural features − materiality, dimensions, proportions and organization − and,


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) directed against the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is also known to target antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins. This effect is associated with the initiation of both apoptosis, a cell death pathway, and autophagy, an organelle recycling system that can lead to survival or cell death. In this study, we examined the ability of the Bcl‐2 antagonist HA14‐1 to promote the photodynamic efficacy of PDT directed at the ER. At concentrations that independently caused only a small loss of viability, HA14‐1 markedly enhanced the proapoptotic and phototoxic effects of ER photodamage. These results provide additional evidence that the antiapoptotic properties of Bcl‐2 constitute an important determinant of photokilling, and demonstrate that synergistic effects can result when PDT is coupled with pharmacologic suppression of Bcl‐2 function.


In shrub willow biomass crop (SWBC) production systems, the soil CO2 efflux (Fc) component in the carbon cycle remains poorly understood. This study assesses (i) differences of Fc rates among the 5‐, 12‐, 14‐, and 19‐year‐old SWBCs with two treatments: continuous production (regrowth) willow fields that were harvested and allowed to regrow, and willow fields that were harvested, killed, and then stools and roots were ground into the soil (removal); (ii) temporal and spatial variations of Fc rates; (iii) root respiration contributions to total Fc; and (iv) climatic variables affecting Fc. During the growing season (May to September), Fc rates showed no statistically significant differences across different ages (P = 0.664), and between treatments (P = 0.351); however, there was an interaction between age and treatment (P = 0.001). Similarly, during the dormant season (October to April), Fc rates revealed no statistically significant differences across different ages (P = 0.305) and treatment interaction with age (P = 0.097). Fc rates differed significantly (P < 0.001) among different times of the day and times of the year. Fc rates, between 00 and 1059 h, between 1100 and 1659 h, and between 1700 and 2400 h displayed consistency from May to November; however, Fc rates in these three time intervals showed significant differences (P < 0.0001). In December, Fc rates remained constant over 24 h. Fc rates demonstrated higher temporal and spatial variations among willow age classes than between regrowth and removal treatments. Temporal and spatial variations of Fc were higher during the dormant season than during the growing season. The proportion of root respiration to total Fc ranged from 18 to 33% across age classes. Fc rates showed strong association with soil and air temperatures, and relative humidity.


The dual purpose of the present work was first to examine the effect of humidity and gas density on the breakdown characteristics of short airgaps and secondly to investigate whether charge injection data could provide additional information concerning the probability of breakdown at low probability levels. Impulse tests were, therefore, performed in a sealed test vessel using laboratory air for pressures in the range 0.7?1.4 bar and absolute humidity levels from ~ 2 to 15 g/m3. Both pressure and humidity could be closely controlled and measured. The impulse shape was + 100/2500 ?s and the test gap consisted of a 5 cm-diameter sphere at 20 cm above an earthed plane. Statistical flashover tests and measurements of apparent charge injection at the sphere were made and both sets of data were analysed using the method of maximum likelihood. The breakdown probabilities were found to satisfy a normal distribution and the charge measurements provided significant additional information at low probability levels. The measured values of V50 were found to depend linearly upon absolute humidity with a slope of 1.5 kV/g/m3 at all pressures. The withstand voltages, on the other hand, were only weakly dependent upon absolute humidity. The humidity correction factors found in the present work agree well with the IEC standard at 1.2 and 1.4 bar, but depart appreciably at lower pressures.


This article deal with strategic directions of regional economic trends. It discusses the main problems of regional economic policy, as well as guidelines to address the existing problems.


This paper try to develop a transit scheduling model based on the time-space network. The object is using the minimum cost to finish the required trips in time-table with the consideration of certain assumptions and rules. In this paper we deal with the multi-depot vehicle schedule optimization problem, addressed as MDVSP, using one time-space network instead of the traditional connection-based networks. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of open-depot, which means the bus may not return the depot where it started.


A discussion of a technical note with the aforementioned title by E.R. Umbrell, G.K. Young, S.M. Stein, and J.S. Jones, published in this journal (Volume 124, Number 2, February 1998), is presented. The discusser outlines a better way to find the limit of clearwater scour and suggests that the limits of particle shear and critical tractive force should be the same upstream, under, and downstream of the bridge for the sediment-transporting case or for the approach flow.


We used the HST WFPC2 to obtain I-band images of the centers of 81 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), drawn from a volume-limited sample of nearby BCGs. The images show a rich variety of morphological features, including multiple or double nuclei, dust, stellar disks, point source nuclei, and central surface brightness depressions. High resolution surface brightness profiles could be inferred for 60 galaxies. Of those, 88% Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with proposal #8683. Present address: SIRTF Science Center, California Institute of Technology, 220-6, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125


Abstract Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq gravity currents produced from a finite volume of heavy fluid propagating into an environment of light ambient fluid on unbounded uniform slopes in the range $0\,^\circ \le \theta \le 12\,^\circ$ are reported. The relative density difference $\epsilon = (\rho _1-\rho _0)/\rho _0$ is varied in the range $0.05 \le \epsilon \le 0.15$ in this study, where $\rho _1$ and $\rho _0$ are the densities of the heavy and light ambient fluids, respectively. Our focus is on the influence of the relative density difference on the deceleration phase of the propagation. In the early deceleration phase, the front location history follows the power relationship ${(x_f+x_0)}^2 = {(K_I B)}^{1/2} (t+t_{I})$, where $(x_f+x_0)$ is the front location measured from the virtual origin, $K_I$ an experimental constant, $B$ the total buoyancy, $t$ the time and $t_I$ the $t$ intercept. The dimensionless constant $K_I$ is influenced by the slope angle and the relative density difference. In the late deceleration phase for the gravity currents on the steeper slopes in this study ($12\,^\circ$, $9\,^\circ$ and $6\,^\circ$), an 'active' head separates from the body of the current and the front location history follows the power relationship ${(x_f+x_0)}^{8/3} = K_{VS} {B}^{2/3} V^{2/9}_0 {\nu }^{-1/3} ({t+t_{VS}})$, where $K_{VS}$ is an experimental constant, $V_0$ the total volume of heavy fluid, $\nu$ the kinematic viscosity of fluid and $t_{VS}$ the $t$ intercept. The dimensionless constant $K_{VS}$ is shown to be influenced by the slope angle but not significantly influenced by the relative density difference. In the late deceleration phase for the gravity currents on the milder slopes in this study ($3\,^\circ$ and $0\,^\circ$), the gravity currents maintain an integrated shape without violent mixing with the ambient fluid and the front location history follows the power relationship ${(x_f+x_0)}^{4} = K_{VM} {B}^{2/3} V^{2/3}_0 {\nu }^{-1/3} ({t+t_{VM}})$, where $K_{VM}$ is an experimental constant and $t_{VM}$ the $t$ intercept. The dimensionless constant $K_{VM}$ is shown to be influenced by both the slope angle and the relative density difference. While the influence of the relative density difference on $K_{VM}$ is carried along for the gravity currents on the milder slopes in the late deceleration phase, the relative density difference interestingly has no significant influence on $K_{VS}$ for the gravity currents on the steeper slopes in the late deceleration phase. Our results suggest that the non-Boussinesq gravity currents on the milder slopes may remain non-Boussinesq ones in the late deceleration phase while the non-Boussinesq gravity currents on the steeper slopes may have become Boussinesq ones in the late deceleration phase.


Due to the significant impact of the fault on power systems and the failure of protection devices, power system operators and researchers have given reliability a great deal of consideration. The modern IEC 61850 standard is used recently to improve communication systems in digital substations and allow signals to be shared between the devices. Differential protection is used to protect the transmission lines, cables, and transformers, as it detects the faults by comparison of the currents flowing into and out of the protected devices. In this research, MATLAB/Simulink has been utilized to simulate the differential protection by using two current transformers (CTs) and to analyze the current waveforms of CTs. A model of the transmission line has been implemented in Taylor's University Lab to validate the simulation results and measure the differential current, which equals the current summation of two CTs. The outcomes of the research show that the phase shift in the secondary side of CTs between two terminal points is zero and the value of differential current is zero under normal operating situations. However, the differential current has increased in each of the following cases: one CT is connected to the system with the wrong polarity or under an internal fault.


This paper presents a topical approach to recommendation systems that highlights the interactions between e-commerce actors and shapes trust by introducing a component of legislative reputation. We aim to introduce a realistic approach to trust in this social concept, trust, from the perspective of abusive clauses and practices, so little looked at in recommendation systems. This social facet of the legislative reputation is a concept that has not been explored in the context of trusting the individual's personal reputation. The model presented here tries to bring a degree of satisfaction and protection to online consumers and add value through status, prestige, and profit to merchants. The proposed model can support a successful business in the presence of incomplete information by providing a rating system that favors its entrepreneurs.


The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Advisory Council (ANMAC) set the accreditation standards for midwifery education programs in Australia. Bachelor of Midwifery (BMid) students' are required to complete a minimum of 30 midwifery continuity of care experiences each. 10 of these are to be gained on placement with a midwifery continuity model of care in their third year. In 2013 the first cohort of BMid students enrolled at the University of Newcastle commenced this third year requirement. There are three established midwifery group practices at John Hunter Hospital (JHH) which provide continuity of care across the pregnancy journey. Two traditional low risk models (one based at JHH and one off campus at a standalone birth centre) as well as a complex high risk collaboration model of care (the M3Team). The demand to recruit women in continuity of care models for student follow through experiences required an alternative to allocating students to the traditional low risk model of care offered by midwives. As such, student midwives were allocated to either of the two low risk group practice models or the M3Team. Allocating students to the M3Team created concern among the students and the midwives about how challenging the students may find this placement. The women on the M3Team have complex obstetric, neonatal and/or medical complications of pregnancy. The students were concerned that they may feel overwhelmed and not be able to consolidate their midwifery skills, while the midwives felt the students may be completely out of their depth and be discouraged from midwifery practice. It was decided that when the students came to the M3Team they were allocated a senior midwife as mentor to support the student and aid their confidence. An evaluation aimed at examining the student's experience with the M3Team over the last two years was overwhelmingly positive. Original fears about recruiting and being accepted by women in this model were allayed. Student midwives were highly satisfied with their placement experience and felt well supported by the midwives on the team.


In WSN, data is transmitted from source nodes to the destination nodes. There are different ways of transmitting the data. For this purpose, effective and secure communication is the imperative demand these days. However, malicious nodes in WSN affect the transmission of the data. These nodes acts like an attack to other nodes present in the network. Various researches proposed different technologies to eliminate malicious nodes from the network to attain efficacious communication but still there is lack in the performance. Thus, a novel approach is projected to cope with certain issues. The novel method would increase the Quality of service (QoS) parameters to deeply analyze the entire network. The parameters taken into consideration are Distance between nodes, Trust, Residual energy and Hop Count. Along with this, the optimization techniqueGray Wolf Optimization Algorithm is introduced to determine the weight values of the factors in order that optimal communication from one node to another can be achieved. Simulation results are performed using MATLAB tool and eventually, performance analysis is executed to compare the efficiency of the proposed work with the existing technique. The obtained results of the simulation demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over the traditional approaches.


The ongoing growth of wireless ad hoc networking makes efficient bandwidth usage a vital concern. Reducing data transmission redundancy is well-studied for stable network topologies but dynamic environments pose unique challenges because network state information obsolesces quickly. We test a probabilistic query-based subsumption model, varying query ranges and posting rates, in simulated mixed networks of vehicles and pedestrians using a controlled flooding routing protocol. We show this subsumption model substantially improves network throughput and speeds delivery of responses.


Data Mining algorithms can tackle the data either centrally or distributed. Outsourcing data can solve the issues of processing, storing, and analyzing a massive data. A proportion of existing data in various places and to improve the classification results, we propose the following solution for data mining with preserving the privacy. However, a critical problem that precludes free sharing of information is confidentiality and security issues. One of the significant tasks of data mining and machine learning is classification new instances, the SVM algorithms a widely used in classification, which applicable in many various areas. We propose a privacy-preserving solution for SVM classification over horizontally partitioned data. Our solution constructs a global SVM classification model from global Gram Matrix, without revealing sensitive data. Our experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of distributed SVM using Gram matrix up to 97% with preserving the privacy.


In this paper we present recent findings about the beech bark necrotic disease in selected localities situated in the mountain ranges Vitosha and Stara planina in Bulgaria. The resulting values of necrotic disease expressed by the necrotisation index ( I SN ) ranged from 0.72 to 1.12. In Slovakia such low values of I SN were obtained only for seven out of 52 examined localities. The I SN results are more favourable than the results obtained using the same methods for four localities situated in Northern Hungary ( I SN values ranging from 1.11 to 1.18). The results of monitoring of three selected biotic vectors of beech necrotic disease were follows: the focus of occurrence of the species Bucculatrix ulmella was in submountain beech forests. Considerable affinity to lower situated sites was found in Ectoedemia liebwerdella. We also found that the boundary of the occurrence of this species is approximately at 1,000 m a.s.l. The frequency values of Cryptococcus fagi were significantly influenced by the altitude. In four out of six localities we recorded the occurrence of three species of the genus Nectria: Nectria cosmariospora, Nectria galligena and Nectria coccinea.


Empty spaces in art and design have a very technical purpose. Rests have aesthetic functions in music, so does silence in films. However, their implications go beyond pure composition. The perception of hiatuses is related to psychological qualities. But more importantly, negative spaces enrich the meaning of the artwork itself in a way one does not necessarily perceive consciously: emptiness has significant artistic, cultural, and philosophical meanings. Keywords Art, Design, Negative Space, Empty Space, Minimalism, Gestalt, Visual Perception, Hiatus, Silence


As the only ionotropic receptor in the 5‐HT receptor family, the 5‐HT3 receptor (5‐HT3R) is involved in psychiatric disorders and its modulators have potential therapeutic effects for cognitive impairment in these disorders. However, it remains unclear how 5‐HT3Rs shape synaptic plasticity for memory function.


If the conventional steady flow combustor of a gas turbine is replaced with a device which achieves a pressure gain during the combustion process then the thermal efficiency of the cycle is raised. All such 'Pressure Gain Combustors' (e.g. PDEs, pulse combustors or wave rotors) are inherently unsteady flow devices. For such a device to be practically installed in a gas turbine it is necessary to design a downstream row of turbine vanes which will both accept the combustors unsteady exit flow and deliver a flow which the turbine rotor can accept. The design requirements of such a vane are that its exit flow both retains the maximum time-mean stagnation pressure gain (the pressure gain produced by the combustor is not lost) and minimises the amplitude of unsteadiness (reduces unsteadiness entering the downstream rotor). In this paper the exit of the pressure gain combustor is simulated with a cold unsteady jet. The first stage vane is simulated by a one-dimensional choked ejector nozzle with no turning. The time-mean and rms stagnation pressure at nozzle exit is measured. A number of geometric configurations are investigated and it is shown that the optimal geometry both maximizes time mean stagnation pressure gain (75% of that in the exit of the unsteady jet) and minimizes the amplitude of unsteadiness (1/3 of that in the primary jet). The structure of the unsteady flow within the ejector nozzle is determined computationally.


under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the article is properly cited. a Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. b Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo Autopsy Service. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. University Autopsy Service: a high-powered tool for medical teaching and scientific research. A testimony


Analyses are conducted to assess whether simulated trends in SST and land surface air temperature from two versions of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model are consistent with the geographical distribution of observed trends over the period 1949–1997. The simulated trends are derived from model experiments with both constant and time-varying radiative forcing. The models analyzed are low-resolution (R 15, ∼4°) and medium-resolution (R30, ∼2°) versions of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled climate model. Internal climate variability is estimated from long control integrations of the models with no change of external forcing. The radiatively forced trends are based on ensembles of integrations using estimated past concentrations of greenhouse gases and direct effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols (G+S). For the regional assessment, the observed trends at each grid point with adequate temporal coverage during 1949–1997 are first compared with the R15 and R30 model unforced internal variability. Nearly 50% of the analyzed areas have observed warming trends exceeding the 95th percentile of trends from the control simulations. These results suggest that regional warming trends over much of the globe during 1949–1997 are very unlikely to have occurred due to internal climate variability alone and suggest a role for a sustained positive thermal forcing such as increasing greenhouse gases. The observed trends are then compared with the trend distributions obtained by combining the ensemble mean G+S forced trends with the internal variability "trend" distributions from the control runs. Better agreement is found between the ensemble mean G+S trends and the observed trends than between the model internal variability alone and the observed trends. However, the G+S trends are still significantly different from the observed trends over about 30% of the areas analyzed. Reasons for these regional inconsistencies between the simulated and the observed trends include possible deficiencies in (1) specified radiative forcings, (2) simulated responses to specified radiative forcings, (3) simulation of internal climate variability, or (4) observed temperature records.


Bone mineral density and proteins/peptides determination in blood and urine as markers of bone resorption and formation are currently used to diagnose osteoporosis (OP) and metabolic bone diseases. Recent evidence suggests that in RA changes in the secretion of hormones of white adipose tissue can be revealed [1,2,3,4].To study the clinical and diagnostic value of serum fetuin A, nesfatin, hemerin, leptin, adiponektin, resistin, visfatin determination in RA patients complicated by OP.We examined 88 women with documented diagnosis of RA and mean disease duration of 6.56±0.88 years. We used EULAR/ARA 2010 criteria to diagnose the patients. Female patients with II degree of disease activity (DAS28), Steinbrocker stage II (erosive), rheumatoid factor- and anti-cyclic-citrullinated peptide antibody-positive were prevalent. We excluded patients who had surgery or developed an infection within the last 8 weeks, pregnant and breast-feeding women, those with severe heart, liver or kidney disease, immune deficiency, leukopenia or chronic infection.A control group of 45 healthy females aged of 25 and 59 years were included in the study. There were no reported findings of joint pain and RA symptoms in the group. The groups were adjusted for age (p>0.05) and showed no statistically significant differences.We measured serum fetuin A, nesfatin, hemerin, leptin, adiponektin, resistin, visfatin levels (µg/ml) using ELISA commercial test systems. We used spectrophotometer with wavelength of 450 nm to detect the test results («Multiskan» immunoenzyme analyzer, Finland). We plotted a curve using computer software. We diagnosed OP using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with LUNAR DPX PRO (GE, USA).At the first stage, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was studied in a group of healthy individuals. Then, the reference values of these indicators were measured as М ± 2δ. Patients with OP and RA had significantly higher levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (р<0.001). For example, mean serum Adiponectin levels in RA patients who had normal bone density and had no OP were 35.21±0.6 µg/ml. Mean serum Adiponectin levels in RA/OP patients with low bone mineral density were 52.42±0.69 µg/ml. Adiponectin levels of 44 µg/ml and higher were associated with osteoporosis. Adiponectin levels of 43.9 µg/ml and lower were associated with normal bone density. Other pro-inflammatory cytokines have demonstrated similar dynamics of level serum.Thus, we revealed that fetuin A, nesfatin, hemerin, leptin, adiponektin, resistin, visfatin levels depend on osteoporosis presence in RA patients. The test may be used to reduce the risk of low-energy fractures and to improve the quality of life in RA.[1]Akhverdyan Y. et al. Laboratory markers of inflammation and serum nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase level in rheumatoid arthritis patients // Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2017, vol.76, suppl.2, p.1149.[2]Kvlividze Z. et al. Elevated nesfatin-1 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis // Ann Rheum Dis, 2018, vol.77, p.A1762.[3]Papichev E. et al. Fetuin-A: clinical and laboratory associations in women with rheumatoid arthritis // Ann Rheum Dis, 2018, vol.77, p.A1228.[4]Polyakova J. S. et al. Serum visfatin determination in rheumatoid arthritis // Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2014; 73 (Suppl2).None declared


BACKGROUND
Transmural uterine compression suturing methods are a fertility-preserving alternative in patients with atonic primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPPH), which does not respond to manual compression or drugs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a modified U-suturing technique in effecting uterine compression in patients with PPPH after Cesarean section.

METHODS
U-suture uterine compression was introduced at our hospital at the beginning of 2005. The medical records of patients with PPPH after Cesarean section who had undergone this treatment, and results of a follow-up and questionnaire were evaluated and our experience with this method was reviewed.

RESULTS
Between January 2005 and September 2007, seven patients underwent uterine compression with U-sutures after PPPH. In all cases, treatment was successful, the hemorrhage was controlled and the uterus preserved. Normal menstruation patterns returned in the five patients who returned the questionnaire and no surgery related morbidities were noted at the follow-up examinations of six patients. The technique was simple to perform in an emergency situation.

CONCLUSIONS
Uterine compression with U-sutures is a highly effective and straightforward emergency procedure which conserves the uterus in these patients.


RAPD analysis was conducted on the genomic DNA of cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) line 101A and its maintainer line 101B of onion.188 primers were amplified products in the two lines from 200 random primers and 68 primers were produced polymorphic bands,among which the specific fragment AK151400 of CMS line 101A was found.Sequencing analysis of AK151400 indicated that the length of the sequence was 1 360 bp,with 59% identities and 75% positives of its amino acid sequence with GA3(AP005256.3,GI:50508703)from Oryza sativa L..According to the DNA sequence,one pair of primers was designed and the RAPD markers were transformed into SCAR markers.


In this paper we investigate the challenges posed to the German model of employee relations by the different internationalising strategies of multinational companies (MNCs) in the heavy engineering sector. We also highlight some of the disadvantages of the German model for specific MNC strategies, in particular those relating to global manufacturing strategies based on a standardised product. We contrast a negotiated approach to change management in our German MNC with a unilaterally imposed approach in the Finnish MNC and discuss some of the effects on the subsidiaries. We conclude that the subsidiaries are strongly influenced by the characteristics of the German national business system and that this presents both opportunities and obstacles to MNCs' change management strategies in Germany.


The construction of diagnostic model of computer system states in the form of finite state machine is considered in the article. The advantage of the model consists in the fact that it is easy to determine the transitions from one state of the computer system to another having the number of input signals. It is the first time when the offered model is applied in the purposes of diagnostic.


In regional innovation systems there is a need to identify the knowledge bases firms draw upon and differentiate innovation policies accordingly. From this premise the main aim in this paper is to compare two Finnish industries, intelligent machinery and digital content services, that draw upon different kinds of knowledge bases. The three main research questions discussed here are: (a) do information sources of the firms representing two different industries with two different knowledge bases differ from each other, and how; (b) how do the information sources differ between different types of regional innovation systems; and (c) what kind of extra-regional pipelines do the three different cases have? The three cases represent fragmented metropolitan (Helsinki metropolitan area), old industrial (Tampere region) and organisationally thin (South Ostrobothnia) regional innovation systems.


In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised method based on two branch autoencoder (TBAE) for hyperspectral images. A branch is classification function, and another branch is decoder function. Both of functions promote each other in training process. The encoder is fit for both classifier and decoder. The encoder and the decoder guide feature extraction from unlabeled samples. The encoder and the classifier guide classification for all labeled samples. We can get more information from unlabeled samples for classification. Finally, we use convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to extend TBAE and obtain TBCAE. Compared with ANN and CNN, TBAE and TBCAE have a better performance in the case of a small number of labeled samples. Use different datasets to verify these methods and print visualization of hidden layer and the reconstructed data. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework obtains credible results with a small number of labeled samples.


Based on the data and information of thunderstorm and hail disasters,this research analyzed the status,the causes,the disaster environment gestation and the inducing factors of thunderstorm and hail disasters.Focus on the present defending situation and problems in Inner Mongolia,we studied the development trend,the frequent occurring phases and the major defensive regions of thunderstorm and hail disasters.Finally,we put forward the major tasks and the defend measures of thunderstorm and hail disasters in the future.


The nearand sub-barrier fusion excitation function has been measured for the system 30Si+30Si at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro of INFN, using the 30Si beam of the XTU Tandem accelerator in the energy range 47 90 MeV. A set-up based on a beam electrostatic deflector was used for detecting fusion evaporation residues. The measured cross sections have been compared to previous data on 28Si+28Si and Coupled Channels (CC) calculations have been performed using M3Y+repulsion and Woods-Saxon potentials, where the lowlying 2 and 3− excitations have been included. A weak imaginary potential was found to be necessary to reproduce the low energy 28Si+28Si data. This probably simulates the effect of the oblate deformation of this nucleus. On the contrary, 30Si is a spherical nucleus, 30Si+30Si is nicely fit by CC calculations and no imaginary potential is needed. For this system, no maximum shows up for the astrophysical S-factor so that we have no evidence for hindrance, as confirmed by the comparison with CC calculations. The logarithmic derivative of the two symmetric systems highlights their different low energy trend. A difference can also be noted in the two barrier distributions, where the high-energy peak present in 28Si+28Si is not observed for 30Si+30Si, probably due to the weaker couplings in last case.


There is a growing personal responsibility for individuals to ensure their financial security, which can include the ability to cope with the uncertainty that can arise. Insurance can play an important role in allowing people to manage this uncertainty, including personal insurance such as life insurance, total and permanent disability, income protection, and trauma cover. Our understanding of personal insurance is particularly limited. This article reports a study into Australians' confidence as it relates to personal insurance, and whether they consider their coverage is adequate. This understanding is important as confidence could influence the decision to purchase insurance.


Structures with pores having diameters of several nanometers can be used for distinguishing nucleotides in DNA. A 2-D material such as a thin membrane is expected to enhance precise molecule recognition. Here, we present the nanopore fabrication to thin 2-D membranes using He ion microscopy (HIM). We transferred three 2-D materials, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene, CVD boron nitride, and peel-off MoS2, to the submicrometer pore of freestanding SiO2 membranes on a silicon substrate. The number of atomic layers of the 2-D materials was confirmed via Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We examined the reproducibility and accuracy of nanopore fabrication as a function of the focal position and beam irradiation intensity of the HIM system. Reproducible nanopores having diameters of less than 10 nm were realized by optimizing the intensity and focal position. We achieved 1.5-nm-diameter nanopores in a single layer of graphene using this HIM technique.


Libraries in Great Britain, Germany, and the United States have used subject specialists for a variety of func tions. Some of these functions include bibliographic in struction, reference service, online searching, and, most importantly, collection development. Although literature has been published about the value of subject specialists in building the general collection, little has been written about the strengths subject specialists can bring to refer ence collection development. This article discusses the ad vantages and disadvantages of using subject specialists in this capacity. It also provides suggestions on how subject specialists and reference department administrators can work cooperatively to ensure the acquisition of needed ma terials.


592 Background: Individual fluorouracil dose adjustment improved efficacy and toxicity in patients with colorectal cancer receiving FOLFOX. But the usefulness has not been studied in Japan. Methods: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of 5-FU dose-adjusted mFOLFOX7 plus bevecizumab, we conducted a multi-center phase II study of 5-FU dose-adjusted mFOLFOX7 plus bevacizumab as first line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (AJUST study UMIN000007194). Blood samples were collected from patients receiving 46 hours continuous infusion of 5-FU therapy ( 2400mg/m2). 5-FU measurement were performed using my 5FUR assay. 5FU dose were adjusted according to the AUC. The results were compared with previously reported data. Results: A total of 48 patients were registered between April 2012 to June 2013 from 11 institutions in Japan. They had a wide range of AUC from 14 to 37 mg.h/L . The AUC of 5FU were 22.58 ± 5.33 mg.h/L. 29 patients (60.4%) receiving mFOLFOX7 were in the AUC target range of 20...


Response:

We appreciate Hsieh and Chen's interest in our study. We agree that understanding the pathomechansim of the development of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is of key importance that may help to develop therapeutic strategies to arrest or reverse the processes of atherosclerosis. Although no direct causal relationship between IPH and embolic stroke has been established, a number of studies have highlighted IPH as a marker of plaque rupture.1–3 The noninvasive detection of MR IPH will prove very useful for future in vivo pathophysiological studies.

We also thank Tang and colleagues for their interest in our work and the opportunity to clarify their misunderstanding. It was our study aim to evaluate the clinical relevance of a previously described and histologically validated MRI surrogate marker of the unstable plaque.4 From a clinical practice perspective it is desirable to identify patients at high or low …


The aim of this paper is to discuss the existence and uniqueness ofsolutions for the porous medium equation ut-(u^m)xx=μ(x) in (x,t)∈R×(0,+∞) with initial condition u(x,0)=u0(x) x∈(-∞,+∞),where μ(x) is a nonnegative finite Radon measure, u0∈L^1 (R)∩L^∞ (R) is a nonnegative function, and m>1, and R≡(-∞, +∞).


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------RESEARCH ARTICLE Intangible Assets are increasingly major component of the total assets of firms as firms move from manufacturing and industrial activities towards services and knowledge-based activities. Relative to the other components of a firm's assets such as physical and monetary assets, Intangible Assets are more difficult to define, measure, manage and value. Yet given the profound importance of such assets to firm's competitive advantage and value creation capabilities, serious attempts need to be, and increasingly are, made to establish clear definitions, measurement rules and valuation principles. Thus today, the great values exist in assets that are one of a kind, that make companies unique. The problem is though to determine a value for these assets, since this value mainly exists as future potential for creating value. Further as these intangibles by their nature cannot be seen or touched, they only exist as long as someone believes they exist, and they only have a value as long as someone can use them correctly together with other assets to create value. This study is concerned with the fact that our measurement methodologies are inadequately aligned. At the moment it seems there are insufficient pressure points to inject real momentum into changing the face of corporate reporting. It has been argued that a nexus of intangible assets, quasiassets and competences in the form of unique or distinctive capabilities deriving from innovation and knowledge are now essential ingredients of the economic production process which are still poorly understood and measurement methodologies have not kept pace. This can be traced partly to our existing accounting-based systems, which are unable to produce routine, systematic information on the ongoing changes in the corporate and social asset base. Article History: Received 2nd Oct2017 Received in revised form 29


Background: A prospective study was undertaken to detect metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla (H.P). Objective: The study aimed at determining the prevalence of MBL and AmpC producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Material and Methods: A total of 180 isolates were preliminarily screened for their susceptibility to carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem and ertapenem) and cefoxitin by in vitro antibiotic cultural sensitivity. The confirmation of MBL producing isolates was done by combined disc test and E test whereas AmpC production was confirmed by disc antagonism test and E test. Results and Conclusion: P. aeruginosa isolates (22.22%) were MBL producers on the basis of resistance to imipenem and meropenem while 60% were AmpC β-lactamase producers in preliminary screening test. Of the MBL producers, 50% isolates were confirmed by E test and 45% by combined disc test. However, only 13.33% were positive by both the confirmatory tests. By disc antagonism test, 46.33% isolates were detected as AmpC producers while 6.67% were positive by E test. It is interesting to note that of the 180 isolates examined, 14 (7.78%) were both MBL and AmpC producers. Both MBL and AmpC as mechanisms of resistance were thus, observed among the isolates of P. aeruginosa in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Emergence of such strains is of public health concern as such organisms pose therapeutic challenge.


Australian universities conduct their overseas engineering programs using a variety of arrangements including a partially licensed model. This paper reviews the existing implementation models for the delivery of engineering education programs in Malaysia by Australian universities, and contextualizes the licensed operating mode as an alternative delivery framework. It then examines the characteristics of partially or wholly licensed engineering programs from an accreditation perspective, and undertakes a study of the regulatory frameworks applicable for such programs within Australia and in Malaysia. Finally the paper reports the current working relationship between Engineers Australia and the Engineering Accreditation Council in Malaysia (and its components), and suggests a set of quality assurance guidelines and processes sufficient to enable joint accreditation of undifferentiated engineering degree programs including partially or fully licensed engineering programs.


We introduce a set of designed tools for the analysis of lithography patterns and nano structures. The classical metrological analysis of these objects has the drawbacks of being time consuming, requiring manual tuning and lacking robustness and user friendliness. With the goal of improving the current situation, we propose new image processing tools at different levels: semi automatic, automatic and machine-learning enhanced tools. The complete set of tools has been integrated into a software platform designed to transform the lab into a virtual fab. The underlying idea is to master nano processes at the research and development level by accelerating the access to knowledge and hence speed up the implementation in product lines.


The use of an asymmetric borate anion, difluoro(oxalato)borate (DFOB−), improves the solubility of the tetramethylammonium salt in propylene carbonate (PC) and the capacitances of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Electric conductivity of the PC solution containing tetramethylammonium difluoro(oxalato)borate (TMADFOB) was slightly lower than that obtained for tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4), but higher than those obtained for tetramethylammonium bis(oxalato)borate (TMABOB) and tetraethylammonium bis(oxalato)borate (TEABOB). The gravimetric capacitances of measurement cells increased with decreasing the ion sizes of the electrolytes. The PC solution containing TMADFOB afforded the highest gravimetric capacitance.


Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment method for severe knee osteoarthritis and other knee-related diseases. Accurate match of prostheses is a crucial factor to improve the clinical efficacy and patients' postoperative satisfaction in TKA, to which no enough attention is paid currently. In this paper, we introduce deep learning algorithm to analyze the patients' multimodal data, such as preoperative radiograph of knees and relevant physical features (e.g. sex, height, weight), and design a software system for preoperative prediction of prosthetic type in TKA. The main processing steps include the pre-processing of X-ray images and the prediction of prosthetic type based on convolutional neural network. Research on loss function and model structure is implemented to fit the dataset better for further improvement of prediction accuracy. Transfer learning method is employed to address the problem of inadequate data. The experimental results shows that our prediction system can achieve the same accuracy level compared with that of traditional methods manipulated by experienced doctors, while it can complete the preoperative prediction automatically with lower cost and better stability.


Change occurs throughout the world on a daily basis, and as a result, its inhabitants are encouraged to change as well. The population learns to adapt in various ways in order to survive, often times causing traditional practices to be forced aside in order to make way for more modern methods. Today, the Bedouin lifestyle is no longer limited to the classification of a pastoral nomad, located in the desert living in goat-hair tents, and herding camels. While there are several factors that could be taken into consideration in order to unpack what it means to be a Bedouin in a modern world, the development of nation-states within the Middle East and the consequences of these formations have had a significant influence on Bedouin tribal identity and lifestyle. In Jordan, the process of deconstructing Bedouin identity and lifestyle can largely be contributed to detribalization, sedentarization, and nationalization. While these governmental projects have contributed to the decline of nomadic traditional culture, Bedouin have not completely disappeared in Jordan. Rather than ask "where have the Bedouin gone?" the better question is "where are the Bedouin going?" particularly in a changing world.


The content of Cadmium was analyzed by platform graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with thiourea -EDTA-NH4H2PO4 as the matrix modifier. The effect of matrix modifier and instrument conditions to cadmium signal was investigated. The proposed method had a detection limit of 0.06 ng/mL. The sample detection limit was 0.19 ng/g.


More realistic simulation of a possible earthquake is crucial for making a rational counter plan against earthquake disaster. This paper proposes such a simulation system, called Integrated Earthquake Simulator (IES), which combines various numerical simulations of earthquake and structure behaviors with data stored in geographical information system (GIS). The key simulation of IES is to achieve high resolution of strong ground motion (SGM), even though some ambiguity remains in modeling the ground structures due to lack of available data. Examined is the validity of numerical simulation of SGM, which takes advantages of stochastic modeling of the ambiguity. Once high resolution of SGM is achieved, all structures within a target area are modeled by using the GIS data, such that a digital city is constructed in computer. Examples of such a digital city and its earthquake disasters are computed by using a prototype of IES.


"I'm the Organic Style (ITOS)" is a youth program provided by NOASM (Namyangju Organic Agricultural Science Museum). The participants of ITOS program are middle school students aged from 14 to16 years old. The ITOS program is a self-designed program aimed at the production of organic vegetables to make food. As part of the program for learning about social relations, the participants cook slow food by using their self-grown vegetables and serving them to community elders as a one-day meal. The ITOS impacts the importance of community agriculture and imparts the emotional, educational, and social welfare perspectives to teenaged students.


During the Covid-19 pandemics, we also experience another dangerous pandemics based on misinformation. Narratives disconnected from fact-checking on the origin and cure of the disease intertwined with pre-existing political fights. We collect a database on Twitter posts and analyse the topology of the networks of retweeters (users broadcasting again the same elementary piece of information, or tweet) and validate its structure with methods of statistical physics of networks. Furthermore, by using commonly available fact checking software, we assess the reputation of the pieces of news exchanged. By using a combination of theoretical and practical weapons, we are able to track down the flow of misinformation in a snapshot of the Twitter ecosystem. Thanks to the presence of verified users, we can also assign a polarization to the network nodes (users) and see the impact of low-quality information producers and spreaders in the Twitter ecosystem.


The problem of managing the Maharani Production Unit is the weakness of the Production Unit management so that the utilization of Production Unit as a means of entrepreneurship training is not optimal. The objective of the study is to produce a valid and effective Production Unit management model. The method used in this study was Research and Development (R & D). The production unit management model was a college student-based  management model that did not only involve the college students on services but also on the management so that it can improve college students' competence in the aspects of knowledge, attitude, and skills. The implementation of this model was conducted by holding selection activities for production unit members and training activities before students manage production units. Participants who were interested in developing entrepreneurship skills through the production unit and have passed the selection then they followed the training activities that were conducted in five meetings with 20 participants. The result of management model of the Maharani production unit shows that the model that has been validated by the expert, it shows very valid with the average score of 62.75. In the small trial results also shows that the management model of Maharani production unit is effective, resulting from the paired sample t test with significance of 0.001 <0.05 this indicates that the model can improve students' competence on the student'  knowledge and skills aspects. The results of the training can also be seen from the change of students' attitude of in entrepreneurship which is scored from the confidence, responsible, leadership spirit, the way of communicating and have passion in seeking business opportunity. Besides, it can be a reference in conducting the production units activities, the developed model can provide experience and entrepreneurship skills for students.


Los Angeles is ranked the most congested city in the U.S. with a typical half-hour commute taking 81% longer during evening peak periods and 60% longer during the morning peak. These traffic congestions result in a large social and economic detriment and raise serious concern for drivers and transportation agencies. Therefore, increasing ridership of public transportations and hence reducing traffic congestions has been one of the primary objectives for transportation agencies and policymakers. The main objective of this project is to develop reliability analysis system using Deep Learning (DL) techniques that can process massive amounts of 1) GPS trajectories from public transportation vehicles and 2) real-world traffic sensor datasets archived in our data warehouse to predict traffic flow to then enable the forecasting of a variety of performance metrics of public transportation systems.


The article deals with the speech manipulation targets "traditional promissive character of the message" and "speech producer's aim", which are most frequently used by the producers' of pre-election propaganda speeches. Nominating lexemes, metarepresentations and oppositions are regarded as the main means of actualization of the targets under study


Abstract Early detection of postural disorders is essential for timely interventions in patients with imbalance. Aim A pilot study describing a new tool for evaluating static postural balance. Study design A cross-sectional study of a contemporary series. Material and Method Twenty-five volunteers (15 women and 10 men) were evaluated. The mean age was 25.8 ± 4.2 years, the mean weight was 63.9 ± 13.1Kg, the mean height was 1.68 ± 0.08 m and the body mass index was 22.3±3.3kg/m2. Posturography was done by analysing postural sway with an electromagnetic system; a sensor was attached to the skin over the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra. Tests were carried out with the subjects in the orthostatic position for 90 seconds, with eyes opened(EO) and closed(EC) on stable and unstable surfaces. Results When the influence of the surface was analyzed (stable x unstable) in the EO condition, there were significant differences in the middle-lateral parameters (m-l) (p=0.004) and total path (p=0.01), and in the m-l (p=0.004) and total (p=0.014) speed. In the EC condition, there were significant differences in all parameters (p<0.001). The influence of the vision was observed in all parameters only on unstable surfaces (p<0.05). Conclusion The new tool was efficient for analysing postural sway.


Photocurrent transients have been measured with better than 1 nanosecond time resolution in photoelectrochemical cells with insulator and semiconductor electrodes. The shape of the transients observed with semiconductor electrodes in the time window of several nanoseconds can be deduced from a simple equivalent circuit. The transient observed in the external circuit consists of two contributions, the first is the time integral and the second is directly proportional to the actual photoresponse. At low light intensity good semiconductor electrodes show only the first contribution. There is no direct influence of charge carrier discharge or of the Helmholtz-layer as such on the fast transient in the nano-second range.


Contrasting views exist on how patterns of social connections predict individual innovativeness. While structuralist approaches indicate that potential knowledge gains are maximized where individuals hold sparse network structures, critics highlight that it is the diversity of contacts what contributes to actors? capacity to innovate. This controversy may, however, be reconciled by including actors? structural position and contact diversity as joint predictors of innovativeness. Building on this, we take a personal network approach to go beyond a homogeneous conceptualization of brokerage by explicitly considering the attributes of actors forming triadic relationships as antecedents of individual innovativeness. Our findings based on a unique dataset of more than 1,000 biomedical scientists support the hypothesis that distinct brokerage roles have substantially different effects on innovation, suggesting that they offer divergent benefits and highlighting the key role of gatekeepers. Further, our analysis shows that the potential gains of social structures are contingent on the institutional settings where connections take place.


In order to meet the needs of wireless low-latency transmission of high-definition video for the mission load of unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), a set of high-definition video codec system (HD VCS) based on Camera Link interface and limited bit rate was designed. The HD VCS uses H.265 compression technology and limited bit rate to compress the same image to varying degrees and evaluate its quality separately. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) in the full-reference objective evaluation is used to evaluate the error in the image compression and transmission process, and the structural similarity (SSIM) is used to evaluate the degree of restoration of the image, and they are correlated with the subjective evaluation score. Explore the relationship between bit rate and image quality, and then analyze the most suitable bit rate range in various application scenarios, and use it as the adjustable range of bit rate of the HD VCS to achieve a balance between image quality and transmission bandwidth.


The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of an efficient charge scheme on the generation of production externalities in the context of a two-firm model. The model suggests that, in the absence of such charges, firms are likely to select new technologies which increase residual generation. Thus, Pigouvian taxes are one means to provide the signals which the market cannot.


SUMMARY The microabsorption technique developed in this laboratory has been utilized to demonstrate HL-A1, 2, 3, 9, 5, 7, and 8 antigens on frozen leukocytes, kidney, and spleen cells and on established lymphoid cell lines. No discrepancy was noted between HL-A phenotypes of 10 healthy donors determined by means of the standard lymphocytotoxicity test (LCT) and by means of microabsorption with frozen leukocytes. Most, but not all, HL-A antigens corresponding to those on lymphocytes could be demonstrated on kidney and spleen cells by this technique. It was also shown that cultured cells of established lymphoid cell lines possess their original HL-A antigens after long-term propagation


A wide choice of substrate materials is available for MCMs. One of the major drivers which is not often cited is time to market. A substrate technology is described that is easy to understand and implement, where the unexpected is minimized because of the seamless integrations of several effective manufacturing technologies, and therefore offers the product developers of new high performance systems an excellent opportunity for success. The process patterns robust and precise copper conductors on ceramic in an inherently 2-sided structure similar to a 2-sided PCB and achieves micro-vias in an environmentally friendly, simple and cost effective manner. The addition and integration of multilayer circuitry using thick-film conductors, dielectrics and resistor materials provides additional functional flexibility that solve new product development problems. Different types of products are fabricated with this technology and some have a very high percentage of surface area filled with silicon. However, this sometime definition of a MCM and others, which attempt to fit all of the functioning electronics into a single IC, can be a restraint on the system designer. Several compact product development and manufacturing projects are described that delivered functionality, performance and cost effective circuits under a market timeline because of this technology's attributes. Demonstrations of performance at high frequencies are also indicative of opportunities that exist in a wide range of applications for this technology.


The use of independent component analysis (ICA) in processing magnetocardiogram (MCG) signals was investigated. First, the MCG measurements were carried out with the wire attached to the subject. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was also measured simultaneously. Next, the strap was pulled, the wire removed, and MCGs were measured without moving the subject. These measurements differ only in the effect of the wire. This method allows the comparison of the waveforms with the wire attached and those without the wire. Signal processing was then performed using ICA. Results showed that independent component analysis was effective for the removal of the magnetic noise from the wire.


Injured wife and courtesan Elizabeth Gooch (1756–post-1804) is commonly considered a ''scandalous memoirist'' and grouped with other women whose autobiographical writing records lives lived beyond the conventional boundaries defining acceptable femininity in the eighteenth century. Despite the growing attention that her life-writing has begun to receive in recent scholarship, her later career as a novelist has continued to be overlooked, and thus the significance of fiction as a further site in which she could negotiate the relationship between personal experience and its articulation remains unexplored. This article reads Gooch's life-writing alongside her first novel, charting her search for a mode in which to communicate and give emblematic value to her exceptional life. Without a definitive legal status, she begins in An Appeal to the Public (1788) by expressing her identity within the very discourse that has excluded her in a mimetic version of the legal deposition. Then, in gaining a new context within which to define her character, having redefined herself in the public eye as a writer, her conception of self broadens in The Life of Mrs. Gooch (1792), moving beyond the immediacy of her marital breakdown to encompass her past in its entirety. Within this second text, Gooch demonstrates a nascent awareness of her personal experience as representative of collective concerns, inviting women readers to consider her life as "a matter of example". Her first novel, The Contrast (1795), completes this process, passing on hard-learned lessons by reflecting and surpassing the author's experience to re-imagine the prescriptive plot that bound the century's fallen woman.


Notes on an ideal Hellenic coin. For a contribution to Plato, Leg. V 742a-c – The colony of Laws, described by Plato in his last dialogue, represents a concrete attempt to create a new city. In this sense, the philosopher proposes a new economic policy, at the basis of which the idea of a currency that acts as a currency for all the activities within the polis is advanced. A real currency that has similar characteristics to the one of real cities. But also for external activities: this is, perhaps, a novelty in Plato's thinking, that we must look at in order to verify any elements of originality for a new Greek monetary policy.


The sources of gas release at the high gas isolated face are more complex.The abnormal gas emission causes tremendous threats to the mine safe production and workers safety.On the basis of analysis on environment at No.80509 isolated face and air leakage,through the effective closure of the leakage channels and the upper and under corner of the coal face,and with the inner alternated tail tunnels,the gas didn't acumulate at the coal face during the coal mining.The problems of air leakage and gas emission at the isolated face were effectively solved.


Europeanisation appears particularly well suited to address the relationship between the European Union (EU) and each new Member State, the latter constituting a unit potentially subject to a different path of Europeanisation. The EC-Cyprus Association Agreement contained an important nondiscrimination clause, preventing discrimination between the contracting parties as well as between their nationals or companies. The Agreement was initially entered into on behalf of the whole of Cyprus and there was no problem of its application arising. The Anastasiou I case concerned the application of the principle of non-discrimination embodied in Article 5 of the Association Agreement to 'the whole of Cyprus' and the acceptance or not of certificates issued 'by authorities other than those of the Republic of Cyprus (RoC)' by Member States in accordance with the 1977 Protocol regarding products originating from Cyprus.Keywords: Anastasiou I case; EC-Cyprus Association Agreement; Europeanisation; Republic of Cyprus (RoC)


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Radiotherapeutic dose escalation to dominant intraprostatic lesions (DIL) in prostate cancer could potentially improve tumor control. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to accurately register multiparametric MRI with CBCT images for improved DIL delineation, treatment planning and dose monitoring in prostate radiotherapy.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
We proposed a novel registration framework which considers biomechanical constraint when deforming the MR to CBCT. The registration framework consists of two segmentation convolutional neural networks (CNN) for MR and CBCT prostate segmentation, and a 3D point-cloud (PC) matching network. Image intensity-based rigid registration was first performed to initialize the alignment between MR and CBCT prostate. The aligned prostates were then meshed into tetrahedron elements to generate volumetric PC representation of the prostate shapes. The 3D PC matching network was developed to predict a PC motion vector field which can deform the MRI prostate PC to match the CBCT prostate PC. To regularize the network's motion prediction with biomechanical constraints, finite element (FE) modelling-generated motion fields were used to train the network. MRI and CBCT images of 50 patients with intraprostatic fiducial markers were used in this study. Registration results were evaluated using three metrics including Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean surface distance (MSD) and target registration error (TRE). In addition to spatial registration accuracy, Jacobian determinant and strain tensors were calculated to assess the physical fidelity of the deformation field.

RESULTS
The mean and standard deviation of our method were 0.93±0.01, 1.66±0.10mm and 2.68±1.91mm for DSC, MSD and TRE, respectively. The mean TRE of the proposed method was reduced by 29.1%, 14.3% and 11.6% as compared to image intensity-based rigid registration, coherent point drifting (CPD) non-rigid surface registration and modality independent neighborhood descriptor (MIND) registration, respectively.

CONCLUSION
We developed a new framework to accurately register the prostate on MRI to CBCT images for external beam radiotherapy. The proposed method could be used to aid DIL delineation on CBCT, treatment planning, dose escalation to DIL and dose monitoring.


This article investigates the complex rhetorics of racial authenticity online, intermixing ethnography and critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA) to understand African American users' investments in enacting race in their social networks. The piece uncovers "acting white" as a significant discourse that shapes online identity and group performances. Examining rhetorics of racial authenticity including insider knowledges in relation to "acting white" and "acting black," I map Twitter users' negotiations with individual and collective notions of racial ingroup markers. I put forth the finding of "performance in the negative case," as interviewees discuss their lack of participation in their ingroup based on diverse perceptions of racial authenticity. I argue that a full understanding of racial authenticity, performative participation, and nonresponsiveness opens up identity and race formulations to include complexities of what is and is not expressed via interaction and performance.


Magnesium-doped gallium oxide may be utilized as a semi-insulating material for future generations of power devices. Spectroscopy and hybrid functional calculations were used to investigate defect levels in Czochralski-grown β-Ga2O3. Substitutional Mg dopants act as deep acceptors, while substitutional Ir impurities are deep donors. Hydrogen-annealed Ga2O3:Mg shows an IR peak at 3492 cm−1, assigned to an O-H bond-stretching mode of a neutral MgH complex. Despite compensation by Ir and Si and hydrogen passivation, high concentrations of Mg (1019 cm−3) can push the Fermi level to mid-gap or lower.Magnesium-doped gallium oxide may be utilized as a semi-insulating material for future generations of power devices. Spectroscopy and hybrid functional calculations were used to investigate defect levels in Czochralski-grown β-Ga2O3. Substitutional Mg dopants act as deep acceptors, while substitutional Ir impurities are deep donors. Hydrogen-annealed Ga2O3:Mg shows an IR peak at 3492 cm−1, assigned to an O-H bond-stretching mode of a neutral MgH complex. Despite compensation by Ir and Si and hydrogen passivation, high concentrations of Mg (1019 cm−3) can push the Fermi level to mid-gap or lower.


Thermodynamics of irretrievable processes of transfer of energy and mass of matter is the special scientific direction, which examines equalition of the second principle of thermodynamics as starting mathematical model for balance of energy and mass of matter in the elementary volume of the thermodynamics system during it cooperating with an environment. In accordance with positions of thermodynamics of irretrievable processes motive forces of processes of transfer of warmth and mass of matter are by vectors and according to principle Curie their fully possible combination, id est force which predetermines stream of thermal energy can to entail a mass stream and back to front. The closed thermodynamics heat-resistant system which interchanges thermal energy and mass of components with an environment is examined. The noted process is limited by absence of convective constituent of process of transfer in the system. The volume of the system does not change during a diffusive transfer and by treason of enthalpy in the system, as by the result of treason of thermal energy and concentration of mass, it is possible to neglect. The mathematical design of diffusive transfer of thermal energy and mass of components in the thermodynamics heatresistant system at presence of and to absence of cross effects is executed.


s of Interest Why does somatostatin relieve cluster headache? Venospastic activity of somatostatin in vivo in man: Naloxone reversible tachyphylaxis. F. Sicuteri, A. Panconesi, P.L. delBianco, G. Franchi, and B. Anselmi. University of Florence, Italy. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. IV (3) 253-257, 1984. Substance P (SP) because of its pain-producing and vasodilating properties may be important in the pathogenesis of cluster headache (CH). Somatostatin (SS) inhibits the effects of SP, and was therefore tried as treatment of the acute attack of CH. In most cases SS alleviated the pain and vegetative phenomena of CH as efficiently as ergotamine. Because ergotamine is believed to exert its therapeutic effect through vasoconstriction, the authors decided to see if SS also had a vasoconstrictor effect in man. Somatostatin was injected into a dorsal hand vein, and the presence or absence of venospasm was assessed using a strain guage and a computer. Somatostatin (SS) produced definite venospasm, but after 2-4 injections of SS the venospasm flagged, then failed as tolerance (tachyphylaxis) to the SS developed. Sensitivity to SS was restored to the vein by the local injection of naloxone. This suggests that endogenous opioids may play a role in the development of SS tachyphylaxis. What does it all mean? Somatostatin, like serotonin, may cause vasoconstriction by releasing noradrenaline (NA) from sympathergic neurones; endogenous opioids may shut off this NA release. Alternatively, SS may shut off release of substance P, normally a dilator; with this removed, the unopposed effect of endogenous NA is to produce vasoconstriction. Comment: In summary, we don't know why somatostatin relieves cluster headache. Correspondence to: Professor Sicuteri, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy. Can migraine affect the vasculature of the eye? Migrainous ischemic optic neuropathy. Barrett Katz and Colin Bamford, University of Arizona, Tucson. Neurology 35:112-114, 1985. A 38-year-old woman, with an 18 year history of recurrent hemicranial headaches which for the preceding 10 years had been accompanied by ataxia, dysarthria, and/or hemisensory changes, presented with a right hemicranial headache which was followed by total loss of vision in the right eye. On examination she had light perception only in the right eye, disc edema and peripapillary arteriolar narrowing with splinter and blot hemorrhages in the right fundus, and a right afferent pupillary defect. Visual evoked potentials could not be elicited in the right eye. Four vessel angiography and a vasculitis workup were normal. CSF was under normal pressure and contained no cells, but had a slight rise in protein content and in myelin basic protein; oligoclonal banding was negative and IgG: protein ratio was normal. CT scan showed lucencies in the white matter of the right frontal and occipital lobes and at the corticomedullary junction in the left posterior parietal lobe. Over the next few months she recovered vision to hand movements, but there was no further change a year later. The authors feel that this patient had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) rather than optic neuritis associated with MS. They review briefly the syndrome of AION as it occurs in various disease states, and review the concept of AION occurring as a complication of migraine. Reprint requests to: Dr. Katz, University of California San Diego, UCSD Eye Center, M-018, La Jolla, CA 92093. Does ergot cause brain rot? Bilateral focal cortical atrophy and chronic ergotamine abuse. Richard Fincham, Zack Perdue and Val Dunn, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa. Neurology 35:720-722, 1985. A 67-year-old man who began to have classic migraine at age 15 began to use ergotamine intermittently at age 26, and at age 65 started to use ergotamine-caffeine-pentobarbital suppositories every day, averaging 5 mg. of ergotamine tartrate daily. When seen by the authors his headache description was no longer that of classic migraine, but rather one of daily nagging fronto-occipital aches, eased by ergotamine. He complained also of leg claudication. neurological and general physical examinations were normal save for slightly diminished pedal pulses. CT scan showed scattered focal areas of decreased density bilaterally, most prominently near the posterior sylvian fissures and the parietooccipital sulci; MR (magnetic resonance) studies also demonstrated these lesions. The appearance was deemed "not typical in location or appearance for thrombotic, hemorrhagic, or embolic infarctions". Psychometric tests were normal, as where EEG and CSF examinations. Following withdrawal of ergotamine in hospital, the patient has had only rare and mild headaches over an 18 month follow-up. The authors feel that the changes may be due to infarcations related to prolonged vasoconstriction of superficial cortical vessels produced by ergotamine. Comment: The relationship between the high daily intake of ergotamine and these rather odd-looking cortical rarefactions has not really been established by the authors (though it may well exist). The occurrence of CT-demonstrated cerebral edema, cortical infarction and areas of cortical atrophy in migraineous patients who do not abuse ergotamine is well documented (Lance, J.W.: Mechanism and Management of Headache, Fourth Edition. Butterworth Scientific, London, Boston, etc., 1982, page 147) (Dalessio, D.J.: Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain, Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press. New York, Oxford, 1980, page 458). How were the authors able to resist the temptation to perform echocardiography to help exclude cardiogenic cerebral embolism (particularly with an ECG that suggested left ventricular hypertrophy in a nonrmotensive patient), and Doppler and DSA to help rule out atherothrombotic and cerebrovascular disease? Reprint requests and correspondence to: Dr. Fincham, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242. Do unequal pupils in cluster headache patients and their relatives indicate a familial hypothalamic vunerability? Assymmetric mydratic response to topical tyramine in cluster headache relatives. M. Fanciullacci, U. Pietrini, S. Marabini, M. boccuni, F. Sicuteri, University of Florence, Italy, Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. IV (3) 247-252, 1984. Tyramine eye drops cause pupillary dilatation by releasing noradrenaline. In ten normal subjects, 10 subjects with cluster headaches, and 20 first degree relatives of the cluster headache patients, one drop of 2% tyramine chloride was instilled in each eye, and the result recorded by infra-red pupillography. The controls had bilaterally symmetric pupillary dilatation. The cluster headache patients showed a deficient response in the eye on the symptomatic side. All of their relatives also showed a deficient response in one or the other eye. The authors note in the literature other evidence of asymmetric sympathetic "drive" in patients with cluster headaches, such as unilateral decrease of forehead blood flow (these vessels are dilated by sympathetic activity), decreased forehead sweating, and EKG abnormalities, and add to this list their finding of persistent asymmetric function of iris muscle. They postulate that this sympathetic asymmetry may be due to a functional assymetry of the hypothalamus which is related to a "dysgenetic family predisposition to lateralized headache attacks". Comment: The authors anticipate the inevitable question "So how come cluster headache isn't hereditary" by saying "...Cluster headache is very often misdiagnosed; thus the evaluation of the family incidence of cluster headache by questioning the cluster patient about headaches suffered by their relatives is bound to be uncertain". Reprint requests to: Dr. Fanciullacci, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy. Is melatonin a clue to the etiology of cluster headache? Decreased nocturnal serum melatonin levels during active cluster headache periods. E. Waldenlind, K. Ekbom, Y. Friberg, J. Saaf and L. Wetterberg. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Opuscula Medica 29 (4) 109-112, 1984. The pineal hormone melatonin is secreted with clear circadian rhythmicity, with low levels during the day and a characteristic peak during the night around 2 a.m. The well-known cyclic features of cluster headache may suggest dysfunction in those parts of the CNS related to rhythm regulation. The authors measured serum melatonin levels in eight cluster headache patients both during an active cluster period and during remissions, and found a statistically significant reduction of nocturnal melatonin secretion during clusters compared with remissions. Patients examined only during an active cluster period had lower night-time melatonin concentrations than patients examined only during remission, but the difference was not statistically significant. The explanation and significance of lowered nocturnal melatonin secretion during cluster periods is not known. Nocturnal melatonin secretion seems to be under sympathetic influence since it can be abolished by beta-blockers; there is abundant evidence linking sympathetic dysfunction to cluster headache; somehow all of this may tie in together, possibly via the hypothalamus. Comment: Does pain reduce the secretion of melatonin? Correspondence to Dr. Elisabet Waldenlind, Department of Neurology, Soder Hospital, S-100 64 Stockholm, Sweden.


We compared the ability of four length-frequency analysis programs to generate accurate von Bertalanffy growth parameters for a population of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) of known growth rates. The four programs were ELEFAN I, Shepherd's length composition analysis (SLCA), projection matrix method, and MULTIFAN. ELEFAN failed to identify a set of parameters that qualified as a best fit. The parameter estimates generated by SLCA successfully described six of the 10 length distributions from the population of green turtles. The parameter estimates produced by the projection matrix method failed to describe adequately any of the 10 length distributions. MULTIFAN generated a set of growth parameter estimates that successfully described all of the 10 length distributions. Although MULTIFAN had the best performance, it requires substantially more initial information and estimates than do the other programs. The best approach-particularly with a poorly studied population-may be to conduct initial analyses with SLCA, followed by analyses with MULTIFAN. Length-frequency analysis is a useful method for the study of growth in populations of immature sea turtles. Further study is required to determine whether these methods are appropriate for populations of sea turtles that include mature individuals.


The purpose of this article is to examine the implications for art education of gerontology studies on the developmental progression of older adults' mental abilities, special mental strengths, and educational needs. Art as resource for research in art educational gerontology is explored. Special mental abilities and strengths older adults may develop in the stage of post-formal operations may be invaluable for their understanding of art. On the other hand, art studies may contribute to the developmental progression of older adults' mental abilities. Fundamental goals of their art study may include the search for meaning in their life experiences, a comprehension of their place in their cultures, and achievement of a higher, transcendent level of human understanding.


Summary The sexual behaviour of 71 teenage girls who attended an information and discussion session at a family planning clinic was examined. Sixty-one of these girls later received contraceptive services at the clinic (clinic group) and their behaviour was compared at follow-up with that of the ten girls who did not attend the clinic again (non-clinic group). The mean frequency of sexual intercourse of the clinic group increased after receiving contraceptive services but did not differ significantly from the figure for the non-clinic group. The majority of the girls restricted their sexual activity to one partner.


A 7-turn, multi-step quadrifilar helix antenna is presented that is designed to provide wide angle, hemispheric coverage, while at the same time exhibiting very sharp pattern roll-off near the horizon to enhance multipath signal rejection. Providing near uniform pattern coverage over the entire upper hemisphere, the antenna exhibits a very stable phase center location as a function of observation angle. The quadrifilar helix antenna design presented was developed to a preliminary prototype stage in 1996 as part of an early proposal effort to support the development of the GPS wide area augmentation system (WAAS). Both simulated and measured results are presented. Additionally, some of the practical considerations associated with developing this type of antenna are discussed.


This paper introduces a design of double servo drive-powers based on single DSP in certain accouterment digital conversions. The DSP, 320LF2407A, produces two channel signals, used to control two servo drive-powers each other. Power circuit,H bridge structure, runs under the limited unipolar of double frequence reversible PWM model. Application indicates that the system is reliable, and has a quick response time, low noise.


A 60-year-old man with diabetes mellitus visited our clinic with complaints of lowgrade fever, headache, left cheek pain and left periorbital edema on September 13, 1988. Left paranasal sinusitis was found. Left peripheral facial palsy started on September 20. A left probe maxillotomy was performed on September 21. The specimen of maxillary mucosa was consistent with a diagnosis of mucormycosis. Sinusitis was temporarily improved by surgery and local irrigation with amphotericin B, but facial palsy persisted. Left mastoiditis was disclosed by high resolution CT on November 18. He received left frontal, ethmoidal and maxillary sinus debridement and left mastoidectomy on December 7. The vertical segment of the facial nerve was necrotic due to severe inflammation and was resected during the mastoidectomy. Hyphae of mucor were not found in the specimens of mastoid mucosa and facial nerve, but the severity of the inflammation seen in the operative and histological findings suggested that the mastoiditis and the facial neuritis might have been caused by mucormycosis. After the surgical debridement, left sinusitis and mastoiditis were controlled with 6 months of intravenous amphotericin B therapy combined with flucytosine. The authors discuss the management of peripheral facial palsy and em-phasize the importance of combined surgical treatment and antifungal chemotherapy.


Taking 8-year-old Juglans regia as material,the root distribution under intercropping were measured in field through section observation.The results showed that,there were many roots in the field.The number of absorbing roots were maximum which coarseness was less than 2mm.The main roots distribute in soil layer from 10 cm to 60 cm.The number of roots in the soil layer from 20 cm to 40 cm was maxium.It reduced first then increased with the depth decreased.The number of roots reduced first then increased in horizontal directions.In order to slow down the competition of roots,the shallow rooted plant whose roots distributes in the 20 cm soil layer should be selected the intercrop,the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened.


This study investigates the clustering of words into Part-of-Speech (POS) classes in Kolyma Yukaghir. In grammatical descriptions, lexical items are assigned to POS classes based on their morphological paradigms. Discursively, however, these classes share a fair amount of morphology. In this study, we turn to POS induction to evaluate if classes based on quantification of the distributions in which roots and affixes are used can be useful for language description purposes, and, if so, what those classes might be. We qualitatively compare clusters of roots and affixes based on four different definitions of their distributions. The results show that clustering is more reliable for words that typically bear more morphology. Additionally, the results suggest that the number of POS classes in Kolyma Yukaghir might be smaller than stated in current descriptions. This study thus demonstrates how unsupervised learning methods can provide insights for language description, particularly for highly inflectional languages.


2D Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their desirable optoelectronic properties, high chemical and structural tunability, and improved environmental stability. However, the understanding of their structure–properties relationships is still limited. In particular, the energy level positions and band alignments at interfaces involving these materials, which are important features to control in the context of any applications, are still under debate. Here, the electronic structure of high‐purity films of BA2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 for n = 1–5 (where BA stands for butylammonium and MA for methylammonium) is investigated, using optical absorption, ultraviolet, and inverse photoemission spectroscopies, and density functional theory calculations. This study determines the ionization energy and electron affinity of each compound and demonstrates a type‐I band alignment for the BA2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 series. This study further describes the evolution of the exciton binding energy as a function of the thickness of the inorganic layers.


This study is about employee protection in companies in the process of recovery or judicial liquidation. The main idea is to demonstrate that, employment protection does not add to the economic situation of the company, that it is counter productive. By its rigidity it puts in jeopardy the salvation of the company and the quota of jobs that can be retained. Its unsuitability manifests itself even more as all ideas of rescue are in vain since employment is definitively compromised. The absence of a balance between employment protection and company salvation also jeopardises the protection of salary debt. The legislator, through the AGS (third party payer of salary debt), has strived for social reconciliation which is essential to the salvation of the company. Here, he has adapted employee protection to the economic situation of the company. Having said that, the balance is unstable, threatened by the existence of judicial precedent favouring an increased protection of the salary debt. The judicial precedent approach affects the economic stability of the AGS, which is the source of the balance.